| The effects of age and CR on muscle mass , myocyte area , fiber number , myocyte TNF alpha expression , plasma TNF alpha levels , and specific elements linked with the TNF alpha signaling cascade ( TNF R 1 , IKKgamma , IkappaBalpha , p 65 , NF kappaB binding activity , FADD , caspase 8 , and DNA fragmentation ) were investigated in soleus ( predominately Type 1 fiber ) , and superficial vastus lateralis ( SVL , predominately Type 2 fiber ) , of 6 month old ad libitum fed ( 6AL ) , 26 month old ad libitum fed ( 26AL ) , and 26 month old calorie restricted ( 26CR ) male Fischer 344 rats ( CR = 40 % restriction compared with ad libitum ) . ^^^ |