| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.6964998 |
| In analyses for the dissociation of apelin from APJ , unlabeled apelin 36 replaced more rapidly the labeled apelin 36 analogue bound with APJ than [ < Glu ( 65 ) ] apelin 13 . 0.6964998^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.83528521 |
| We demonstrate that the second 10 residues of the N terminal domain of APJ are critical for association with apelin , while the first 20 amino acids play an important role in supporting cell cell fusion mediated by HIV 1 gp 120 . 0.83528521^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.54140378 |
| BACKGROUND : Apelin , the novel endogenous ligand for the G protein coupled receptor APJ , has shown positive inotropic , vasodilatory and diuretic properties in animal studies . 0.54140378^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| By monitoring this activity , we isolated an APJ receptor ligand , designated apelin , from bovine stomach extracts . ^^^ Synthetic peptides derived from the C terminal amino acid sequence of bovine preproapelin were capable of specifically promoting the acidification rate in the cells expressing the APJ receptor in a range from 10 ( 7 ) to 10 ( 10 ) M , indicating that apelin is an endogenous ligand for the APJ receptor . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The ligand peptide identified for hGR 3 was found to show a specific prolactin release promoting activity in rat anterior pituitary cells in in vitro culture and was therefore named `` prolactin releasing peptide . ' ' We named another novel bioactive peptide `` apelin , ' ' for `` APJ endogenous ligand . ' ' Although the biological functions of apelin are still under investigation , APJ reportedly acts as a coreceptor in the process of human immunodeficiency virus infection . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Apelin , the natural ligand of the orphan receptor APJ , is abundantly secreted in the colostrum . ^^^ Hinuma et al . , Nature 393 ( 1998 ) 272 276 ] , we have recently identified a natural ligand , apelin , for the orphan 7TMR , APJ [ K . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Characterization of apelin , the ligand for the APJ receptor . ^^^ The apelin peptide was recently discovered and demonstrated to be the endogenous ligand for the G protein coupled receptor , APJ . ^^^ Northern and in situ hybridization analyses revealed both human and rat apelin and APJ to be expressed in the brain and periphery . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the search for an endogenous ligand of the human orphan receptor APJ , we have isolated from bovine stomach extracts a novel 36 amino acid peptide , designated apelin . ^^^ Since apelin is an endogenous ligand for the HIV entry coreceptor APJ , we tested the effect of apelin on the entry of HIV in association with CD 4 , and found that apelin blocked the entry of HIV 1 and HIV 2 . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have recently identified apelin as the endogenous ligand for human APJ . ^^^ When apelin 36 and its pyroglutamylated C terminal peptide , [ < Glu ( 65 ) ] apelin 13 , were compared in microphysiometric analyses , the elevation of extracellular acidification induced in cells expressing APJ by [ < Glu ( 65 ) ] apelin 13 was transient , whereas that by apelin 36 was sustained . ^^^ These responses were almost completely inhibited by a specific inhibitor for G ( 1 ) or that for Na ( + ) / H ( + ) exchanger . ( 125 ) 1 Labeled [ < Glu ( 65 ) ] apelin 13 analogue specifically bound to APJ with a high affinity , and [ < Glu ( 65 ) ] apelin 13 was more potent than apelin 36 in competitive inhibition assays . ^^^ Because pretreatment with apelin 36 but not [ < Glu ( 65 ) ] apelin 13 drastically reduced the binding of the labeled apelin to APJ , the different patterns of acidification induced by these two peptides appeared to reflect their dissociation rather than association with APJ . ^^^ Apelin elicited the migration of APJ expressing cells , and [ < Glu ( 65 ) ] apelin 13 was more potent than apelin 36 in this activity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Because apelin is an endogenous ligand for the APJ receptor , we examined the inhibitory effects of apelin peptides on HIV infection , and found that the apelin peptides inhibit the entry of some HIV 1 and HIV 2 into the NP 2 / CD4 cells expressing APJ . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We also analyzed the ability of a recently identified APJ peptide ligand , apelin , to induce calcium elevations in cultured neural cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Distribution of mRNA encoding B78 / apj , the rat homologue of the human APJ receptor , and its endogenous ligand apelin in brain and peripheral tissues . ^^^ We have cloned the rat APJ receptor , which we term B78 / apj , and have mapped the mRNA distribution of both the receptor and its natural ligand apelin in rat tissues . ^^^ Northern blot analysis showed a similar pattern of expression for B78 / apj and apelin mRNAs with hybridising transcripts seen in the lung , heart , skeletal muscle , kidney , brain and liver . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| For the MCH receptor this was only observed for beta arrestin 2 GFP . beta Arrestin 1 GFP translocated by the apelin receptor remained at the plasma membrane during prolonged exposure to ligand even though the receptor became internalized . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We established a stable Chinese hamster ovary ( CHO ) cell line expressing a gene encoding the rat apelin receptor fused to the enhanced green fluorescent protein , to investigate internalization and the pharmacological profile of the apelin receptor . ^^^ The physiological role of apelin and its receptor was then investigated by showing for the first time in rodent brain : ( 1 ) detection of apelin neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei by immunohistochemistry with a specific polyclonal anti apelin K17F antibody ; ( 2 ) detection of apelin receptor mRNA in supraoptic vasopressinergic neurons by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry ; and ( 3 ) a decrease in vasopressin release following intracerebroventricular injection of K17F , or pE13F , but not R10F . ^^^ Apelin , a peptide recently isolated from bovine stomach tissue extracts , has been identified as the endogenous ligand of the human orphan APJ receptor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Apelin is an endogenous ligand of the human orphan receptor APJ . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Apelin is the recently identified endogenous ligand for the G protein coupled receptor , APJ . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Apelin , the natural ligand of the orphan seven transmembrane receptor APJ , inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 entry . ^^^ A previously identified ligand of APJ , apelin , specifically inhibited the entry of primary T tropic and dualtropic HIV 1 isolates from different clades into cells expressing CD 4 and APJ . ^^^ Antiviral potency was influenced by the integrity of methionine 75 , which contributes to APJ binding affinity , and by the retention of apelin residues 63 to 65 . ^^^ These studies demonstrate the ability of a small peptide ligand to block the function of APJ as an HIV 1 coreceptor , identify apelin sequences important for the inhibition , and provide new reagents for the investigation of the significance of APJ to HIV 1 infection and pathogenesis . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cloning , pharmacological characterization and brain distribution of the rat apelin receptor . ^^^ In this article , we report cloning of the rat apelin receptor cDNA . ^^^ As shown for the human APJ receptor , the rat apelin receptor expressed in the cell line was negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase . ^^^ In situ hybridization analysis of apelin receptor mRNA expression in the adult rat brain showed intense labeling in the hypothalamus , especially in the supraoptic and the paraventricular nuclei . ^^^ The peptide apelin , recently isolated from bovine stomach tissue extracts , has been identified as an endogenous ligand of the human putative receptor protein related to the angiotensin receptor AT ( 1 ) ( APJ ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Apelin , the novel endogenous ligand of the orphan receptor APJ , regulates cardiac contractility . ^^^ The orphan receptor APJ and its recently identified endogenous ligand , apelin , exhibit high levels of mRNA expression in the heart . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Apelin peptides are now known to be endogenous ligands at the orphan G protein coupled receptor , APJ . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Apelin is an endogenous ligand of the human orphan receptor APJ ( orphan G protein coupled receptor ) . ^^^ These results seem to confirm that apelin functions widely in various tissues interacting with its specific receptor APJ . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunohistochemical study of apelin , the natural ligand of receptor APJ , in a case of AIDS related cachexia . ^^^ Apelin , a peptide first isolated from bovine stomach extracts , was discovered as an endogenous ligand for the APJ receptor . ^^^ Apelin specifically inhibited the entry of primary T tropic and dualtropic HIV 1 isolated from different clones expressing antiviral CD 4 and APJ . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using novel synthetic radioligands , we have discovered receptors for the recently paired apelin ( APJ orphan receptor ) , ghrelin ( GHS orphan receptor ) , and urotensin 2 ( orphan GPR 14 ) in the human cardiovascular system and determined their anatomical localisation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have shown recently that apelin and apelin receptor mRNA are expressed in brain and that the centrally injected apelin fragment K17F ( Lys ( 1 ) Phe Arg Arg Gln Arg Pro Arg Leu Ser His Lys Gly Pro Met Pro Phe ( 17 ) ) decreased vasopressin release and altered drinking behavior . ^^^ The peptide apelin originating from a larger precursor preproapelin molecule has been recently isolated and identified as the endogenous ligand of the human orphan G protein coupled receptor , APJ ( putative receptor protein related to the angiotensin receptor AT ( 1 ) ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Pharmacological and immunohistochemical characterization of the APJ receptor and its endogenous ligand apelin . ^^^ Apelin peptides have recently been identified to be the endogenous ligands for the G protein coupled receptor APJ . ^^^ In the present study we investigated the pharmacology of several apelin analogues at the human recombinant APJ receptor using radioligand binding and functional assays . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Circulating and cardiac levels of apelin , the novel ligand of the orphan receptor APJ , in patients with heart failure . ^^^ The orphan receptor APJ and its recently identified endogenous ligand , apelin , are expressed in the heart . ^^^ Atrial and plasma apelin like immunoreactivity as well as atrial and ventricular APJ receptor mRNA levels were significantly decreased in CHF . ^^^ Our results suggest that a new cardiac regulatory peptide , apelin , and APJ receptor may contribute to the pathophysiology of human CHF . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The msr / apj gene encoding the apelin receptor is an early and specific marker of the venous phenotype in the retinal vasculature . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , expression of APJ tagged with the green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) and a fluorescent peptide , 5 carboxyfluorescein ( 5 CF ) conjugated Apelin 13 , were utilized for studying receptor internalization and recycling , in stably expressing indicator cells , human neurons , primary CNS microvascular endothelial cells ( MVECs ) , and astrocytes . ^^^ Using 293 cells stably expressing APJ GFP , we demonstrated that rapid internalization of the APJ receptor was induced by stimulation with Apelin 36 and Apelin 13 , in a dose dependent manner . ^^^ Furthermore , investigations showed that the internalized APJ was colocalized with transferrin receptors , suggesting that the internalization of APJ induced by Apelin is likely to be via clathrin coated pits . ^^^ Interestingly , we found that the internalized APJ molecules were recycled to the cell surface within 60 min after removal of Apelin 13 , but most of the internalized APJ still remained in the cytoplasm , even 2 h after washout of Apelin 36 . ^^^ Primary human fetal astrocytes were less strongly labeled with 5 CF Apelin 13 , and in primary human CNS MVECs only weak distribution of green fluorescence specific for APJ in the cytoplasm was observed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The novel apelin receptor ( APJ receptor , APJR ) has a restricted expression in the central nervous system suggestive of an involvement in the regulation of body fluid homeostasis . ^^^ These data verify a role for APJ receptors in body fluid regulation and suggest a role for apelin in the regulation of vasopressin containing neurones via a local autocrine / paracrine action of the peptide . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Apelin , the endogenous peptide ligand of the APJ receptor , is expressed in brain regions implicated in food and water intake . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Venous dilator effect of apelin , an endogenous peptide ligand for the orphan APJ receptor , in conscious rats . ^^^ Apelin is an endogenous depressor peptide for the G protein coupled APJ receptor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Structural and functional study of the apelin 13 peptide , an endogenous ligand of the HIV 1 coreceptor , APJ . ^^^ Apelin was recently identified as the endogenous peptidic ligand for human APJ . ^^^ Studies with animal models suggested that APJ and apelin play an important role in the hypothalamic regulation of water intake and the endocrine axis , in the regulation of blood pressure , and in cardiac contractility . ^^^ Apelin has been found to block the activity of APJ as a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) coreceptor . ^^^ We demonstrated that apelin peptides in aqueous solution adopt a random conformation , and the positive charge and hydrophobic residues of apelin 13 play important roles in interactions with the APJ receptor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , no physiological or pathological role for apelin angiotensin receptor like 1 ( APJ ) signaling has ever been described . ^^^ The most significantly upregulated gene was the G protein coupled receptor APJ , the specific receptor for apelin . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : The apelin APJ signaling pathway emerges as an important novel mediator of cardiovascular control . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated the effects of apelin , an immunologically active peptide ligand for orphan receptor APJ , on acetylcholine ( ACh ) synthesis in MOLT 3 human leukemic T cells . ^^^ It thus appears that apelin inhibits lymphocytic cholinergic activity via APJ during immunological responses . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The apelin receptor ( APJ receptor , APJR ) has recently come to prominence following the isolation and identification of its endogenous ligand , apelin , from bovine stomach tissue extracts . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Apelin is a peptide recently identified as a ligand for the APJ receptor , a receptor located in tissues such as the small intestine and in the hypothalamus . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We report nuclear expression as a characteristic of these receptors , including a nuclear localization for the apelin receptor in brain and cerebellum derived D 283 Med cells and the AT ( 1 ) and bradykinin B ( 2 ) receptors in HEK 293T cells . ^^^ Immunocytochemical analyses revealed the apelin receptor with localization in neuronal nuclei in cerebellum and hypothalamus , exhibiting expression in neuronal cytoplasm or in both nuclei and cytoplasm . ^^^ The majority of apelin receptor transfected cerebellum D 283 Med cells showed receptor nuclear expression . ^^^ Immunoblot analyses of subcellular fractionated D 283 Med cells demonstrated endogenous apelin receptor species in nuclear fractions . ^^^ In addition , an identified nuclear localization signal motif in the third intracellular loop of the apelin receptor was disrupted by a substituted glutamine in place of lysine . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Apelin is a recently discovered peptide that is the endogenous ligand for the APJ receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Apelin , the proposed endogenous peptide ligand of the novel G protein coupled receptor APJ , has been shown to possess potent vasodilator and positive inotropic effects in rats and humans in vivo . ^^^ Therefore , based on the presence of APJ and mRNA encoding apelin in human tissues , we investigated the expression of apelin in fresh frozen human tissue from right atrium , left ventricle , lung , kidney , adrenal and large conduit vessels using immunocytochemistry . ^^^ The restricted presence of apelin LI in endothelial cells suggests that endothelial apelin may play a role as a locally secreted cardiovascular mediator acting on APJ receptors present on the vascular smooth muscle and on cardiac myocytes to regulate vascular tone and cardiac contractility . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| APJ is a G protein coupled receptor with seven transmembrane domains , and its endogenous ligand , apelin , was identified recently . ^^^ On the other hand , this hypotensive response to apelin was abolished in APJ deficient mice . ^^^ This apelin induced response was inhibited by pretreatment with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor , and apelin induced phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in lung endothelial cells from APJ deficient mice disappeared . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Apelin , a neuropeptide recently identified as the endogenous ligand for the G protein coupled receptor APJ , is highly concentrated in brain structures involved in the control of body fluid homeostasis including the supraoptic ( SON ) and paraventricular ( PVN ) hypothalamic nuclei . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Functional dissociation of apelin receptor signaling and endocytosis : implications for the effects of apelin on arterial blood pressure . ^^^ We studied the structure activity relationships of apelin at the rat apelin receptor , tagged at its C terminal end with enhanced green fluorescent protein and stably expressed in CHO cells . ^^^ We evaluated the potency of N and C terminal deleted fragments of K17F to bind with high affinity to the apelin receptor , and to inhibit cAMP production and to induce apelin receptor internalization . ^^^ We first characterized the internalization and trafficking of the rat apelin receptor . ^^^ However , the full length sequence of K17F was the most potent inducer of apelin receptor internalization because successive N terminal amino acid deletions progressively reduced internalization and the removal of a single amino acid at the C terminus abolished this process . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We report here that apelin ( 65 77 ) activates p 70 S6 kinase ( p70S6K ) , not only in CHO cells that have been stably transfected with the apelin receptor , but also in umbilical endothelial cells ( HUVEC ) , which express it endogenously . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| There has been much focus recently on the possible functions of apelin , an endogenous ligand for the orphan G protein coupled receptor APJ , in cardiovascular and central nervous systems . ^^^ The retinal endothelial cell line RF / 6A highly expressed both apelin and APJ transcripts , while human umbilical venous endothelial cells ( HUVECs ) only expressed apelin mRNA . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Distribution of apelin , the endogenous ligand of the APJ receptor , in the lizard Podarcis sicula . ^^^ Apelin is a novel bioactive peptide that has been isolated from bovine stomach extracts and identified as the endogenous ligand for the APJ receptor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Apelin is a peptide that has recently been identified as an endogenous ligand of the APJ . ^^^ Apelin and APJ mRNA are expressed in peripheral tissue and the central nervous system . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Finally , the apelin receptor is a coreceptor for the entry of several HIV 1 and SIV strains . ^^^ In view of these features , the apelin receptor constitutes a very interesting target for the design of new drugs for treating the prime causes of human mortality . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , we carried out histology and immunohistochemistry to assess cardiac hypertrophy and to localize apelin and APJ in the adult and embryonic mouse heart . ^^^ Antibody staining , as well as quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction identified expression of both APJ and apelin in embryonic myocardium as early as embryonic day 13 . 5 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : Real time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot methods were performed to examine the expression of APJ and its endogenous ligand apelin in spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHR ) and Wistar Kyoto ( WKY ) rats after chronic atRA treatment . ^^^ RESULTS : APJ and apelin expression were markedly depressed in placebo treated SHR , compared with WKY rats ( p < 0 . 01 ) . ^^^ However , in atRA treated SHR , a significant upregulation of APJ and apelin expression was observed in both heart and aorta ( p < 0 . 05 ) , accompanied by a reduction of AT ( 1 ) expression , an elevation of serum nitric oxide levels and a subsequent decrease of blood pressure . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Chronic atRA treatment activates gene and protein expression of APJ and apelin and reduces blood pressure in SHR , suggesting that atRA may regulate the balance between apelin APJ and angiotensin 2 AT ( 1 ) signaling and have potential clinical value in the prevention and treatment of human hypertension . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunocytochemical localisation of the apelin receptor , APJ , to human cardiomyocytes , vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells . ^^^ The novel G protein coupled receptor APJ , recently paired with the proposed cognate peptide ligand apelin , mediates potent vasodilator and positive inotropic actions in rats . ^^^ The proximity of receptor and ligand in the human vasculature , together with evidence for local vascular apelin synthesis , suggests an important role for APJ / apelin as a paracrine cardiovascular regulator system . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Apelin is a recently discovered peptide that is the endogenous ligand for the APJ receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Activity of apelin and APJ receptors on myocardial contractility and vasomotor tone ] . ^^^ Apelin , an endogenous peptide , is the ligand of APJ receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The apj receptor is expressed in pancreatic islets and its ligand , apelin , inhibits insulin secretion in mice . ^^^ Apelin is the endogenous ligand of the G protein coupled apj receptor . ^^^ We show here that the apj receptor is expressed in pancreatic islets and that intravenous administration of full length apelin 36 ( 2 nmol / kg ) inhibits the rapid insulin response to intravenous glucose ( 1 g / kg ) by 35 % in C57BL / 6J mice . ^^^ We conclude that the apj receptor is expressed in pancreatic islets and that apelin 36 inhibits glucose stimulated insulin secretion both in vivo and in vitro . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The active human receptors include several chemokine receptors , apelin APJ receptor , neuropeptide Y Y 2 receptor , Duffy antigen , and herpes virus 8 receptor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Apelin is a peptide that was recently isolated as the endogenous ligand for the human orphan APJ receptor , a G protein coupled receptor which shares 31 % amino acid sequence identity with the angiotensin type 1 receptor . ^^^ Apelin and APJ receptors are both widely distributed in the brain but are particularly highly expressed in the supraoptic ( SON ) and paraventricular ( PVN ) hypothalamic nuclei . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The novel 36 amino acid peptide , apelin , is the endogenous ligand for the orphan receptor APJ . ^^^ We found that both apelin and APJ mRNAs were expressed in isolated mouse adipocytes and that apelin mRNA levels increased during the differentiation of 3T3 L 1 cells to adipocytes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The family of apelin peptides is derived from a single gene and activates the 7 transmembrane G protein coupled receptor ( GPCR ) APJ . ^^^ Shorter sequences , especially ( Pyr ( 1 ) ) apelin 13 , are potent regulators of cardiovascular function , while longer peptides such as apelin 36 are more effective in inhibiting human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) infection by blocking the HIV coreceptor APJ . ^^^ The aim of this review is to compile conclusive evidence for the involvement of apelin / APJ in the regulation of cardiovascular function and HIV pathology , emphasizing the properties of this receptor system that may make it a successful future drug target . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We aimed to explore the change in level of apelin and its receptor APJ during myocardial injury and the therapeutic effects of apelin in myocardial injury . ^^^ Rat myocardial injury was induced by subcutaneous injection of a high dose of isoproterenol ( ISO ) ; apelin and APJ mRNA levels were determined by RT PCR ; APJ protein was determined by Western blot ; EIA and RIA were used to measure the apelin content and receptor binding , respectively . ^^^ The mRNA levels of apelin and APJ in myocardia were also markedly reduced ; but the APJ protein level in myocardia was increased . ^^^ ISO induced myocardial injury resulted in hypoexpression of apelin and its receptor APJ , and the administration of exogenous apelin ameliorated heart failure and myocardial injury . ^^^ Apelin could have a cardioprotective effect , and the apelin APJ system may be a new therapeutic target in myocardial injury and heart failure . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Apelin is a recently discovered vasoactive peptide that has been demonstrated to be the endogenous ligand of the APJ receptor . ^^^ It was named ' apelin ' after APJ endogenous ligand . ^^^ Although apelin and APJ have been found to be ubiquitously expressed in peripheral tissues , particularly the heart and lungs , as well as various regions of the central nervous system , the physiologic actions of apelin remain largely unknown . ^^^ Nevertheless , some cardiovascular functions of the apelin / APJ system have been described , such as endothelium dependent vasodilatation , vasoconstriction by direct action on the smooth muscle and positive inotropism . ^^^ The involvement of apelin / APJ in the pathophysiology of heart failure ( HF ) and its potential as a therapeutic target in this syndrome have also been proposed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Transcriptional regulation of the rat apelin receptor gene : promoter cloning and identification of an Sp 1 site necessary for promoter activity . ^^^ The genomic structure and transcriptional regulation of the rat apelin receptor ( APJR ) were analysed by rapid amplification of 5 ' cDNA ends ( 5 ' RACE ) , transient expression assays and DNA protein interaction . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The apelin receptor was initially classed as an orphan G protein coupled receptor , and little was known about its physiological functions until apelin , the endogenous ligand , was identified . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| APJ , a G protein coupled receptor , has an endogenous ligand called apelin . ^^^ It has been shown that apelin elicited the migration of APJ expressing cells , but details of the receptor signaling have not been identified . ^^^ To address the signal transduction molecular mechanisms of the apelin / APJ induced cell motility , we established human embryonic kidney 293T cells stably expressing the mouse APJ ( APJ / 293T ) . ^^^ APJ / 293T cells exhibited a specific [ ( Glp 65 , Nle 75 , Tyr 77 ) [ 125I ] ] Apelin 13 binding activity ( Kd = 4 . 45 nM ) . ^^^ Apelin induced Akt / PKB phosphorylation in APJ / 293T cells , but not in the intact 293T cells ( / 293T cells ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVE : Physiological roles of apelin and its specific receptor APJ signaling were investigated in vascular smooth muscle cells ( VSMCs ) . ^^^ In wild type mice , apelin phosphorylates MLC in vascular tissue , whereas it had no response in APJ deficient mice by Western blot and immunohistochemistry . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVES : Apelin is a recently discovered peptide that is the endogenous ligand for the orphan G protein coupled receptor APJ . ^^^ The aim of this study was to characterize apelin and APJ expression in human osteoblasts and to investigate the effects of apelin on osteoblasts . ^^^ RESULTS : Apelin and APJ were expressed in human osteoblasts . ^^^ Suppression of APJ with small interfering RNA ( siRNA ) abolished the apelin induced cell proliferation . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Human osteoblasts express apelin and APJ and apelin enhances human osteoblast proliferation , but has no effect on osteoblast differentiation , and APJ / PI3 kinase / Akt pathway is involved in the proliferation response . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Exercise training promotes expression of apelin and APJ of cardiovascular tissues in spontaneously hypertensive rats . ^^^ Because apelin may play an important regulatory role in human cardiac dysfunction , we investigated alterations in cardiovascular content of apelin and its receptor , APJ , during hypertension and the effect of exercise training on the cardiovascular apelin / APJ system in hypertensive animals . ^^^ The level of apelin / APJ mRNA was determined by RT PCR . ^^^ The level of apelin immunoreactivity ( apelin ir ) in plasma and ventricular and aortic tissues was lower , by 40 % , 40 % and 42 % ( all P < 0 . 01 ) , respectively , in SHRs than in control Wistar Kyoto rats , and the mRNA level of apelin and APJ in myocardium and aorta was markedly decreased . ^^^ Compared with sedentary SHRs , swimming trained SHRs showed decreased SBP and elevated mRNA expression of apelin and APJ in cardiovascular tissues and elevated apelin ir level in plasma , myocardium and aorta ( all P < 0 . 01 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Apelin , the ligand for the endothelial G protein coupled receptor , APJ , is a potent angiogenic factor required for normal vascular development of the frog embryo . ^^^ The peptide growth factor apelin is the high affinity ligand for the G protein coupled receptor APJ . ^^^ Experimental inhibition of either apelin or APJ expression , using antisense morpholino oligos , results in elimination or disruption of intersegmental vessels in a majority of embryos . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9ULZ1 and P35414 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The apelin receptor is coupled to Gi 1 or Gi 2 protein and is differentially desensitized by apelin fragments . ^^^ The apelin receptor is a G protein coupled receptor to which two ligand fragments , apelin ( 65 77 ) and apelin ( 42 77 ) , can bind . ^^^ To address the physiological significance of the existence of dual ligands for a single receptor , we first compared the ability of the apelin fragments to regulate intracellular effectors , to promote G protein coupling , and to desensitize the response in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the murine apelin receptor . ^^^ Using stably transfected cells expressing a pertussis toxin insensitive alpha ( 1 ) subunit , we demonstrated that each apelin fragment promoted coupling of the apelin receptor to either Galpha ( i 1 ) or Galpha ( i 2 ) but not to Galpha ( i 3 ) . ^^^ In addition , a C terminal deletion of the apelin receptor decreased the desensitization induced by apelin ( 65 77 ) but did not alter the desensitization pattern induced by apelin ( 42 77 ) . ^^^ |
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