| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Smad 1 , Smad 2 , Smad 3 and Smad 5 are ligand specific : Smadl and Smad 5 transduce signals from bone morphogenetic proteins , and Smad 2 and Smad 3 mediate signalling by TGF beta and activin , whereas Smad 4 acts as a common signalling component . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We identified human Smad 5 , which is highly homologous to Smad 1 . ^^^ BMP 2 caused serine phosphorylation of Smad 5 as well as Smad 1 . ^^^ In contrast , TGF beta failed to cause serine phosphorylation of Smad 1 and Smad 5 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BMP signaling is mediated by specific Smad proteins , Smad 1 and / or Smad 5 , which undergo serine phosphorylation in response to BMP receptor activation and are then translocated to the nucleus where they modulate transcription of target genes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Smad 2 and Smad 3 mediate TGF beta signaling , whereas Smad 1 and Smad 5 transduce bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP ) signals . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Smad 1 , Smad 5 and probably MADH 6 , are activated by BMP receptors , form heteromeric complexes with Smad 4 , and translocate into the nucleus where they may activate transcription of various genes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Biochemical analysis revealed that constitutively active ALK 2 associated with and phosphorylated Smad 1 on the COOH terminal SSXS motif , and also regulated Smad 5 and Smad 8 phosphorylation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Smad 1 , Smad 5 , and Smad 8 , but not Smad 2 and Smad 3 , were found to stably interact with the kinase deficient BMPR IB after it was phosphorylated by the BMPR 2 kinase . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The bone morphogenetic protein receptors , Types 1 and 2 , bind bone morphogenetic proteins and act in collaboration to transduce the phosphorylation of Smad 1 and Smad 5 , which enter the nucleus in partnership with Smad 4 to initiate bone morphogenetic protein responses including fracture healing . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Smad 1 and Smad 5 mediate intracellular signaling of bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP ) , whereas Smad 2 and Smad 3 transduce TGF beta signaling . ^^^ For example , Smad 1 and Smad 5 were highly expressed in proliferating chondrocytes and in those chondrocytes that are undergoing maturation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Screening SMAD 1 , SMAD 2 , SMAD 3 , and SMAD 5 for germline mutations in juvenile polyposis syndrome . ^^^ Other members of the SMAD family are excellent candidates for JPS , especially SMAD 2 ( which , like SMAD 4 , is mutated somatically in colorectal cancers ) , SMAD 3 ( which causes colorectal cancer when `` knocked out ' ' in mice ) , SMAD 5 , and SMAD 1 . ^^^ METHODS : SMAD 1 , SMAD 2 , SMAD 3 , and SMAD 5 were screened for germline mutations in 30 patients with JPS and without SMAD 4 mutations . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A comparison of amino acid sequences of smad family members showed that the isolated clone was a homolog of smad 1 and smad 5 of vertebrates . ^^^ A molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that Hrsmad1 / 5 was separated from the common ancestor with the group containing smad 1 and smad 5 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of Xvex 1 during gastrula stages requires normal BMP 4 activity as evidenced from the injection of BMP 4 , Smad 1 , Smad 5 and Smad 6 mRNA and antisense BMP 4 RNA . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Among the receptor regulated Smads activated by BMP receptors , BMP 6 strongly induced phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of Smad 5 , and less efficiently those of Smad 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Characterization of zebrafish smad 1 , smad 2 and smad 5 : the amino terminus of smad 1 and smad 5 is required for specific function in the embryo . ^^^ In contrast to Smad 1 , neither Smad 2 nor Smad 5 caused a detectable effect when expressed as full length molecules suggesting that these latter two Smads are more dependent on activation by the cognate TGFbeta ligands . ^^^ In contrast to the C terminal MH 2 domain of Smad 2 , the C terminal region of Smad 1 and Smad 5 lead to pleiotropic effects in embryos giving rize to both dorsalized and ventralized characteristics in injected embryos . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Receptor regulated Smads ( R Smads ) that act in the BMP pathways , such as Smad 1 and Smad 5 , also induced the alkaline phosphatase activity in C2C12 cells . ^^^ BMP 6 dramatically enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity induced by Smad 1 or Smad 5 , probably because of the nuclear translocation of R Smads triggered by the ligand . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Smad 1 or Smad 5 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Smad 1 and Smad 5 are activated by BMP receptors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The roles of BMPs , BMP antagonists , and the BMP signaling transducers Smad 1 and Smad 5 during dorsoventral patterning of the zebrafish embryo . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Type IA and 2 BMP receptors ( BMPRs ) , and their downstream signal transduction molecules , Smad 1 and Smad 5 , were expressed in isolated osteoclasts as well as in osteoblastic cells , whereas type IB BMPR was undetectable . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ligand induced activation of TGF beta family receptors with intrinsic serine / threonine kinase activity trigger phosphorylation of receptor regulated Smads ( R Smads ) , whereas Smad 2 and Smad 3 are phosphorylated by TGF beta , and activin type 1 receptors , Smad 1 , Smad 5 and Smad 8 , act downstream of BMP type 1 receptors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Upon stimulation with BMP , Smad 1 , Smad 5 , and Smad 8 are phosphorylated by the activated BMP receptors , form a complex with Smad 4 , and translocate into the nucleus , where they regulate the expression of BMP target genes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Smad 1 , Smad 5 and Smad 8 ) . ^^^ By contrast , BMP 6 and BMP 7 induce alkaline phosphatase activity through Smad 1 and Smad 5 , but not through Smad 8 . ^^^ Consistent with these findings , BMP 4 induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad 1 , Smad 5 and Smad 8 , but BMP 6 activated only Smad 1 and Smad 5 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Smad 5 , together with Smad 1 and Smad 8 , have been implicated as downstream signal mediators for several bone morphogenetic proteins ( BMPs ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Smad 3 binds to CAGA box , whereas Smad 1 and Smad 5 preferentially bind to GC rich sequences . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| An examination of the expression domains of Smad 1 , Smad 5 and Smad 8 in early mouse embryos show that , while Smad 1 is uniquely expressed in the visceral endoderm at 6 . 5 dpc , in other tissues Smad 1 is co expressed with Smad 5 and / or Smad 8 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mediators of BMP signalling , smad 1 and smad 5 , are expressed in statoacoustic and lateral line ganglia ; smad 5 is also expressed at low levels throughout the ear epithelium . ^^^ Lateral line primordia and neuromasts also express bmp2b , 4 , follistatin , smad 1 , and smad 5 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Following BMP 2 stimulation , the expression of Smad 6 and Smad 7 , inhibitory Smad species that are known to inhibit the BMP 2 restricted Smad species , Smad 1 , Smad 5 and Smad 8 , was up regulated . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although Smad 1 , Smad 5 and Smad 8 are all expressed in the EBs , BMP 4 induction of EKLF and GATA 1 transcription is not immediate . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Thus , at a key point in the determination of LR asymmetry , left sided signaling is mediated by the transcription factors Smad 2 and Smad 3 ( regulated by Nodal ) , whereas signaling on the right depends on Smad 1 and Smad 5 ( which are regulated by BMP ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We show here that hGL cells express mRNAs for distinct serine / threonine kinase receptors ( BMP RIA and BMP RII ) and Smad signaling proteins ( Smad 1 , Smad 4 , and Smad 5 ) involved in the mediation of cellular effects of BMPs . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| At day 10 , Smad 6 increased dramatically , Smad 2 , Smad 3 , and Smad 4 remained elevated while Smad 1 and Smad 5 decreased in the fracture callus . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BMP induced Smad 1 and Smad 5 activation of GCCG mediated transcription was blocked in the presence of CIZ overexpression . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : The intracellular signaling events of the bone morphogenetic proteins ( BMPs ) involve the R Smad family members Smad 1 , Smad 5 , Smad 8 and the Co Smad , Smad 4 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the presence of BMP 2 , Smad 1 , Smad 5 , and Smad 8 potentiated the hypertrophic maturation of chondrocytes , but failed to induce osteocalcin expression . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Since sbn ( dtc 24 ) mutant Smad 5 protein not only blocks wild type Smad 5 , but also other family members like Smad 1 , it remained open to what extent Smad 5 itself is required for dorsoventral patterning . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BMP exert their biologic effects via binding to two types of serine / threonine kinase BMP receptors , activation of which leads to phosphorylation and translocation into the nucleus of intracellular signaling molecules , including Smad 1 , Smad 5 , and Smad 8 ( `` canonical ' ' BMP signaling pathway ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RUNX 2 functions synergistically with Smad 1 and Smad 5 to regulate bone specific genes when BMP induces osteogenesis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Deletion mutant analyses reveal that the neuralizing and BMP antagonizing activities of XMAN 1 reside in the C terminal region , and that the C terminal region binds to Smad 1 , Smad 5 and Smad 8 , which are intracellular mediators of the BMP pathway . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Menin co immunoprecipitated with Smad 1 and Smad 5 , and inactivation of menin antagonized BMP 2 induced transcriptional activity of Smad1 / 5 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In rat SMC , Smad 1 , Smad 2 , Smad 3 , Smad 4 and Smad 5 were detected by immunoprecipitation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Retinoic acid stimulates chondrocyte differentiation and enhances bone morphogenetic protein effects through induction of Smad 1 and Smad 5 . ^^^ RA did not increase the expression of the type IA BMP receptor but did markedly up regulate the expression of Smad 1 and Smad 5 proteins , important participants in the BMP pathway . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of constitutively active BMP receptor ALK 2 activating Smad 1 and Smad 5 resulted in a strong increase in the SBE ( 4x ) luc reporter response . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We further determined that Smad 1 or Smad 5 , but not Smad 8 , synergized with Smad 4 in the transactivation of the type 2 collagen promoter in chondroprogenitor cells . ^^^ However , in chondroprogenitor cells , BMP stimulates differentiation through mechanisms mediated by Smad 1 or Smad 5 in combination with Smad4 . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Upon stimulation with BMP , Smad 1 , Smad 5 , and Smad 8 are phosphorylated by the activated BMP receptors , form a complex with Smad 4 , and translocate into the nucleus , where they regulate the expression of BMP target genes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BMP 2 treatment of osteoblastic cells increases phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic BMP 2 signaling molecules , Smad 1 and Smad 5 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Interaction with Smad 4 is indispensable for suppression of BMP signaling by c Ski . c Ski is a transcriptional corepressor that interacts strongly with Smad 2 , Smad 3 , and Smad 4 but only weakly with Smad 1 and Smad 5 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Overexpression of Smurf 1 negatively regulates mouse embryonic lung branching morphogenesis by specifically reducing Smad 1 and Smad 5 proteins . ^^^ Further studies found that overexpression of Smurf 1 reduced BMP specific Smad 1 and Smad 5 , but not Smad 8 , protein levels . ^^^ Thus overexpression of Smurf 1 specifically promotes Smad 1 and Smad 5 ubiquitination and degradation in embryonic lung epithelium , thereby modulating the effects of BMP 4 on embryonic lung growth . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Smad proteins , the only known BMP receptor substrates capable of transducing the signal , are also differentially expressed in the developing cerebellum : Smad 1 in the external germinal layer and Smad 5 in newly differentiated granule neurones . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Spatio temporal activation of Smad 1 and Smad 5 in vivo : monitoring transcriptional activity of Smad proteins . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : MDPC 23 cells expressed Smad 1 , Smad 5 and Smad 6 . ^^^ Transient overexpression of Smad 1 or Smad 5 was enhanced , while overexpression of Smad 6 inhibited BMP 2 induced COL1A2 promoter activity . ^^^ BMP 2 inducibility could be blocked by overexpression of Smad 1 or Smad 5 dominant negative mutant . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Smad 1 and Smad 5 , which are intracellular signaling molecules for BMP 4 , might also play a critical role in stimulating epiblasts to form PGC . ^^^ We also showed that the increased expression of Smad 1 and the onset of Smad 5 expression induced by extraembryonic ectoderm might be responsible for quick acquisition of this competence . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , BMP specific Smads , Smad 1 , Smad 5 , and especially Smad 8 , induce endogenous p 21 mRNA and protein levels , while they fail to induce epithelial growth inhibition when compared to TGF beta receptor phosphorylated Smads ( R Smads ) , Smad 2 and Smad 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we report the cloning and sequencing of the zebrafish vegf promoter which revealed that the promoter contains a number of bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP ) activated Smad binding elements ( SBE ) , implicating Smad 1 and Smad 5 in the regulation of BMP induced expression of vegf . ^^^ Reporter activity assays using the wild type or SBE deleted vegf promoters to drive the luciferase reporter gene expression revealed that Smad 1 stimulated while Smad 5 repressed the vegf promoter activity in zebrafish embryos . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Previous research has shown that Smad 1 is important in the formation of the allantois , while Smad 5 has been shown to be critical in the process of angiogenesis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Overexpression of the BMP specific Smad 1 and Smad 5 revealed that suppression of Spemann ' s organizer formation in Xenopus embryos can only take place by activating the BMP pathway prior to the onset of gastrulation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This is achieved by menin interacting physically and functionally with bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP ) 2 regulated Smads , such as Smad 1 and Smad 5 , and the key osteoblast regulator , Runx 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| By using a model of adult rat exposed in utero to 0 , 0 . 4 , 2 , or 10 mg / kg . d flutamide , we observed that pro TGF beta signaling members , such as the three isoforms of TGF beta ligands ( TGF beta 1 3 ) , the two TGF beta receptors ( TGF betaRI and RII ) and the R Smads Smad 1 , Smad 2 , Smad 3 , and Smad 5 were inhibited at the mRNA and protein levels , whereas the anti TGF beta signaling member Smad 7 was overexpressed . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Our study presents the structural features of a BMP regulated , R Smad subfamily member ( consisting of Smad 1 , Smad 5 and Smad 8 ) for the first time . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , HS stimulates BMP 2 mediated phosphorylation of Smad 1 , Smad 5 , and Smad 8 , transcriptional mediators of BMP 2 signaling , indicating that HS enhances the interaction of BMP 2 with its receptors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In contrast , Smad 1 , Smad 5 , BMP 2 , and BMP 6 expression was increased , suggesting a shift from TGF beta toward BMP signaling . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| FSH also augmented SMAD 1 and SMAD 5 expression , and conversely , FSH suppressed the expression of the inhibitory SMADs , SMAD 6 and SMAD 7 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| GREM 1 ( CKTSF1B1 ) inhibits BMP signaling through BMPR1A ( ALK 3 ) , BMPR1B ( ALK 6 ) or ACVR 1 ( ALK 2 ) to SMAD 1 , SMAD 5 or SMAD 8 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although most of the different Smad knockouts are embryonic lethal , it is known , however , that in Smad 1 and Smad 5 knockout mice primordial germ cell development is impaired and that Smad 3 deficient mice harbouring a deletion in exon 8 exhibit impaired folliculogenesis and reduced fertility . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the region of LMP responsible for bone formation , there is a motif that directly interacts with the Smurf 1 WW2 domain and can effectively compete with Smad 1 and Smad 5 for binding . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Developmental pattern of expression of BMP receptors and Smads and activation of Smad 1 and Smad 5 by BMP 9 in mouse basal forebrain . ^^^ Using cultured basal forebrain cells derived from embryonic day ( E ) 14 mice , we show that BMP 9 causes phosphorylation of Smad 1 and Smad 5 , formation of a complex of Smad 4 with Samd 1 and / or Smad 5 , and translocation of these proteins into the nucleus . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We observed the expression of BMPR1a , BMPR1b , BMPR 2 , ACTR2a , smad 1 , smad 5 , ID 1 , ID 2 and ID 3 in HUVSMC . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Smad 1 and smad 5 act downstream of intracellular signalings of BMP 2 that inhibits myogenic differentiation and induces osteoblast differentiation in C2C12 myoblasts . ^^^ C2C12 cells expressed Smad 1 , Smad 2 , Smad 4 , and Smad 5 mRNAs , and expression levels were not altered by treatment with BMP 2 or TGF beta 1 . ^^^ When Smads were transiently transfected into C2C12 cells , both Smad 1 and Smad 5 induced alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) activity and decreased the activity of myogenin promoter / chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( myogenin CAT ) without BMP 2 . ^^^ When C terminal truncated Smad 1 and Smad 5 were transfected into constitutively active BMP receptor type IB ( BMPR IB ) expressing C2C12 cells , BMP signals were blocked , resulting in an increase in myogenin CAT activity . ^^^ On the other hand , Smad 1 and Smad 5 decreased myogenin CAT activity but did not induce ALP activity in MyoD transfected NIH3T3 fibroblasts . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Smad 1 and Smad 5 have distinct roles during dorsoventral patterning of the zebrafish embryo . ^^^ Smad 1 and smad 5 encode transcription factors that have been implicated in the transduction of signaling by the bone morphogenetic proteins Bmp 2 and / or Bmp 4 . ^^^ Here we report the characterization of Smad 1 and Smad 5 from the zebrafish , Danio rerio . ^^^ Although smad 1 , smad 5 , bmp2b , and bmp 4 are all expressed during gastrulation and although all four proteins have ventralizing activities , they appear to play distinct roles during dorsoventral pattern formation . smad 1 expression starts shortly before the onset of gastrulation . ^^^ Injection studies and mutant analyses suggest that the ventral smad 1 expression is positively regulated by Bmp2b , but not by Bmp 4 signaling , whereas smad 5 expression is independent of Bmp2b . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Previous studies have indicated that Smad 5 , together with Smad 1 and Smad 8 , participates in signaling downstream of BMP receptors . ^^^ We further used the Smad 7 promoter sequence that contains a Smad binding element ( SBE ) , GTCTAGAC to determine how mutations in each nucleotide in the SBE affects the binding with Smad 5 , compared with the binding with Smad 1 , Smad 2 , Smad 3 , Smad 4 , and Smad 8 . ^^^ Interestingly , Smad 5 , but not Smad 1 and Smad 8 , was able to bind the SBE , at a level similar to the binding by Smad 3 and Smad 4 . ^^^ These studies suggest that even though Smad 5 falls into the same subfamily with Smad 1 and Smad 8 in mediating the signaling by BMP receptors , it has an unique DNA binding property that is similar to Smad 3 , which specifically transduces signaling for TGF beta and activin receptors . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Core binding factor alpha 1 ( Cbfa 1 ) induces osteoblastic differentiation of C2C12 cells without interactions with Smad 1 and Smad 5 . ^^^ In this study we examine the effects of Cbfa 1 on osteoblastic differentiation in the presence or absence of interactions with Smad 1 or Smad 5 using C2C12 undifferentiated mesenchymal cells . ^^^ Introduction of Cbfa 1 into C2C12 cells induced osteoblastic differentiation and promoted transactivation of osteocalcin gene promoter without forming the complex with Smad 1 or Smad 5 . ^^^ These results suggest that the interactions with Smad 1 or Smad 5 are not essential for Cbfa 1 to demonstrate its osteogenic actions . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Smads could be divided into receptor regulated Smads ( R Smads : Smad 1 , Smad 2 , Smad 3 , Smad 5 , Smad 8 and Smad 9 ) , common mediator Smad ( co Smad : Smad 4 ) , and inhibitory Smads ( 1 Smads : Smad 6 and Smad 7 ) . ^^^ Smad 1 , Smad 5 , Smad 8 , and probable Smad 9 were involved in the signal transduction of BMPs . ^^^ Smad 1 and Smad 5 related with transcription factors included core binding factor A 1 ( CBFA 1 ) , smad interacting protein 1 ( SIP 1 ) , ornithine decarboxylase antizyme ( OAZ ) , activating protein 1 ( AP 1 ) , xenopus ventralizing homeobox protein 2 ( Xvent 2 ) , sandostatin ( Ski ) , antiproliferative proteins ( Tob ) , and homeodomain containing transcriptian factor 8 ( Hoxc 8 ) , et al . ^^^ CBFA 1 could interact with Smad 1 , Smad 2 , Smad 3 , and Smad 5 , so it was involved in TGF beta and BMP 2 signal transduction , and played an important role in the bone formation . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Smads and related transcription factors , especially Smad 1 , Smad 5 , Smad 8 and CBFA 1 , play an important role in the signal transduction of BMPs inducing bone formation . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99717 and Q15797 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Dose dependent Smad 1 , Smad 5 and Smad 8 signaling in the early mouse embryo . ^^^ Three closely related mammalian R Smads , namely Smad 1 , Smad 5 and Smad 8 , are activated by BMP receptors . ^^^ Smad 8 homozygotes also lacking one copy of Smad 1 or Smad 5 did not exhibit overt phenotypes , and the tissue disturbances seen in Smad 1 or Smad 5 null embryos were not exacerbated in the absence of Smad 8 . ^^^ However , we discovered a profound genetic interaction between Smad 1 and Smad 5 . ^^^ Thus , as for Smad 1 and Smad 5 mutant embryos , Smad1+ / : Smad5+ / double heterozygotes die by E10 . 5 and display defects in allantois morphogenesis , cardiac looping and primordial germ cell ( PGC ) specification . ^^^ |
|