Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
The incision reaction was then reconstituted with the purified proteins RPA , XPA , TFIIH ( containing XPB and XPD ) , XPC , UV DDB , XPG , partially purified ERCC1 / XPF complex , and a factor designated IF 7 . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
The p 89 ( ERCC 3 ) , p 80 ( ERCC 2 ) , and p 62 subunits of TFIIH were among the proteins retained by GST EBNA 2 . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
TFIIH is shown to complement three different cell extracts deficient in excision repair : XPB / ERCC3 , XPC and XPD / ERCC2 . ^^^ The complementation of XPB and XPD is a consequence of ERCC 3 and ERCC 2 being integral subunits of TFIIH , whereas complementation of XPC is due to an association of this polypeptide with TFIIH . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Alternatively , HBx could affect p 53 binding to the TFIIH transcription nucleotide excision repair complex as HBx binds to the COOH terminus of p 53 and inhibits its binding to XPB or XPD . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
There are multiple protein protein contacts , involving two regions of p 53 and three subunits of TFIIH , ERCC 2 ( XPD ) , ERCC 3 ( XPB ) and p 62 . p 53 and its C terminus ( amino acids 320 393 ) inhibit both of the TFIIH helicases and in vitro transcription in the absence of TFIIH . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
At least two of the subunits of TFIIH ( XPB and XPD proteins ) are implicated in the disease xeroderma pigmentosum ( XP ) . ^^^ We have exploited the availability of the cloned XPB , XPD , p 62 , p 44 , and p 34 genes ( all of which encode polypeptide subunits of TFIIH ) to examine interactions between in vitro translated polypeptides by co immunoprecipitation . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Because p 53 binds to the basal transcription repair complex TFIIH and modulates its DNA helicase activities , we hypothesized that TFIIH DNA helicases XPB and XPD are members of the p 53 mediated apoptotic pathway . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
TFIIH * consists of a subset of the TFIIH complex proteins including ERCC 3 ( XPB ) , p 62 , p 44 , p 41 , and p 34 but is devoid of detectable levels of ERCC 2 ( XPD ) and CAK . ^^^ The ERCC2 / CAK and TFIIH * complexes are each active in DNA repair as shown by their ability to complement extracts prepared from ERCC 2 ( XPD ) and ERCC 3 ( XPB ) deficient cells , respectively , in supporting the excision of DNA containing a cholesterol lesion . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Here we report the isolation and characterization of three distinct CAK containing complexes from HeLa nuclear extracts : CAK , a novel CAK ERCC 2 complex , and TFIIH . ^^^ CAK ERCC 2 can efficiently associate with core TFIIH to reconstitute holo TFIIH transcription activity . ^^^ We present evidence proposing a critical role for ERCC 2 in mediating the association of CAK with core TFIIH subunits . . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
The DNA helicases XPB and XPD , components of transcription factor TFIIH , have been implicated in a p 53 induced apoptotic pathway . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
We have identified ERCC 3 and ERCC 2 DNA helicase subunits of holoenzyme TFIIH as targets of HBx interactions . ^^^ Furthermore , the DNA helicase activity of purified TFIIH from rat liver and , individually , the ERCC 2 component of TFIIH is stimulated in the presence of HBx . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Besides XPD and TTDA , the XPB gene product is also part of TFIIH . ^^^ Remarkably , both TTD A and XP D defects are associated with subunits of TFIIH , a basal transcription factor with a second function in DNA repair . ^^^ Thus , mutations in TFIIH components may , on top of a repair defect , also cause transcriptional insufficiency , which may explain part of the non XP clinical features of TTD . ^^^ These findings define a third TTD complementation group , extend the clinical heterogeneity associated with XP B , stress the exclusive relationship between TTD and mutations in subunits of repair / transcription factor TFIIH , and strongly support the concept of `` transcription syndromes . ' ' . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
The XP group D gene ( XPD gene ) product is required for nucleotide excision repair and is one of the components of basal transcription factor TFIIH as well . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
It has recently been reported that the XPD ( ERCC 2 ) gene is an integral component of the basal transcription factor TFIIH . ^^^ This suggests that the role of XPD in repair can be distinguished from its role in TFIIH dependent transcription initiation . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
TFIIH was resolved into four subcomplexes : the kinase complex composed of cdk 7 , cyclin H and MAT 1 ; the core TFIIH which contains XPB , p 62 , p 52 , p 44 and p 34 ; and two other subcomplexes in which XPD is found associated with either the kinase complex or with the core TFIIH . ^^^ Furthermore , studies examining the interactions between TFIIH subunits provide evidence that CAK is integrated within TFIIH via XPB and XPD . . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Mutations in the basal transcription initiation / DNA repair factor TFIIH are responsible for three human disorders : xeroderma pigmentosum ( XP ) , cockayne syndrome ( CS ) and trichothiodystrophy ( TTD ) . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
The XPB and XPD proteins are subunits of RNA polymerase 2 ( RNAP 2 ) transcription factor IIH ( TFIIH ) . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Previously , p 53 was shown to interact with three components of transcription factor IIH ( TFIIH ) : excision repair cross complementing types 2 and 3 ( ERCC 2 and ERCC 3 ) and p 62 . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
We investigated the mechanism of open complex formation and find that mutations in XPB or XPD , the DNA helicase subunits of the transcription and repair factor TFIIH , can completely prevent opening and dual incision in cell free extracts . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Of these , the XPB and XPD genes encode proteins that are subunits of a general transcription factor , TFIIH , involved in both nucleotide excision repair ( NER ) and initiation of mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase 2 . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
We also observed weak constitutive fragility of the RNU 1 and RNU 2 loci in cells belonging to xeroderma pigmentosum complementation groups B and D ( XPB and XPD ) which are partially defective in the ERCC 2 ( XPD ) and ERCC 3 ( XPB ) helicase activities shared between the repairosome and the RNA polymerase H basal transcription factor TFIIH . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
The sun sensitive form of the severe neurodevelopmental , brittle hair disorder trichothiodystrophy ( TTD ) is caused by point mutations in the essential XPB and XPD helicase subunits of the dual functional DNA repair / basal transcription factor TFIIH . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
The XPD gene product is a subunit of transcription factor TFIIH , which is involved in both DNA repair and transcription . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Some NER genes , including the DNA helicases XPB and XPD , have been shown to function in transcription as well as repair , by virtue of being an integral part of the transcription initiation factor TFIIH . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Mutations in the XPD helicase gene result in XP and TTD phenotypes , preventing interaction between XPD and the p 44 subunit of TFIIH . ^^^ In most cases , xeroderma pigmentosum group D ( XP D ) and trichothiodystrophy ( TTD ) patients carry mutations in the carboxy terminal domain of the evolutionarily conserved helicase XPD , which is one of the subunits of the transcription / repair factor TFIIH ( refs 1 , 2 ) . ^^^ In this study , we demonstrate that XPD interacts specifically with p 44 , another subunit of TFIIH , and that this interaction results in the stimulation of 5 ' > 3 ' helicase activity . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
The PCNA complex formation is restored to normal levels in UV 5 cells after transfection with the human XPD gene , encoding a subunit of the basal transcription factor , TFIIH . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Mutations in XPD helicase prevent its interaction and regulation by p 44 , another subunit of TFIIH , resulting in Xeroderma pigmentosum ( XP ) and trichothiodystrophy ( TTD ) phenotypes . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
TTD is a rare human genetic disease caused by mutations in XPB and XPD , two subunits of the transcription / repair factor TFIIH , and whose outstanding clinical characteristic is a lack of most human UHS proteins resulting in sulfur deficient brittle hair . ^^^ TTD is a rare human genetic disease caused by mutations in XPB and XPD , two subunits of the transcription / repair factor TFIIH , and whose outstanding clinical characteristic is a lack of most human UHS proteins resulting in sulfur deficient brittle hair . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Reconstitution of the transcription factor TFIIH : assignment of functions for the three enzymatic subunits , XPB , XPD , and cdk 7 . ^^^ Having succeeded in reconstituting a functionally active TFIIH from baculovirus recombinant polypeptides , we were able to analyze the role of XPB , XPD , and cdk 7 subunits in the transcription reaction . ^^^ Designing mutated recombinant subunits , we show that the XPB helicase is absolutely required for transcription to open the promoter around the start site whereas the XPD helicase , which is dispensable , stimulates transcription and allows the CAK complex to be anchored to TFIIH . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Mutations in XPB and XPD helicases found in xeroderma pigmentosum patients impair the transcription function of TFIIH . ^^^ As part of TFIIH , XPB and XPD helicases have been shown to play a role in nucleotide excision repair ( NER ) . ^^^ Western blot analysis and enzymatic assays indicate that XPD mutations affect the stoichiometric composition of TFIIH due to a weakness in the interaction between XPD CAK complex and the core TFIIH , resulting in a partial reduction of transcription activity . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Our previous work has shown that HBx protein inhibits p 53 sequence specific transcriptional activation , p 53 mediated apoptosis and p 53 binding to the TFIIH transcription nucleotide excision repair ( NER ) factors , including XPB and XPD . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
XPD has a 5 ' to 3 ' helicase activity and is a component of the TFIIH transcription factor , which is essential for RNA polymerase 2 elongation . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Initial recognition of the distortion is the most likely function for XPC hHR23B and perhaps XPA and RPA , whereas TFIIH is well suited to locate the damaged DNA strand by locating altered DNA chemistry that blocks translocation of the XPB and XPD components . . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
XPD encodes a helicase subunit of the dually functional DNA repair / basal transcription complex TFIIH . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
TFIIH possesses three known ATP dependent activities : a 3 ' > 5 ' DNA helicase catalyzed by its XPB subunit , a 5 ' > 3 ' DNA helicase catalyzed by its XPD subunit , and a carboxyl terminal domain ( CTD ) kinase activity catalyzed by its CDK 7 subunit . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Drug induced apoptosis is delayed and reduced in XPD lymphoblastoid cell lines : possible role of TFIIH in p 53 mediated apoptotic cell death . ^^^ We previously reported that p 53 mediated apoptosis is attenuated in primary human fibroblasts from individuals with Xeroderma Pigmentosum ( XP ) that harbor mutations in the TFIIH DNA helicases XPD or XPB . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
To provide an explanation of some clinical features observed within rare xeroderma pigmentosum ( XP ) patients and to further define the role of XPB , XPD , and cdk 7 , the three enzymatic subunits of TFIIH , in the transcription reaction , we have examined two defined enzymatic steps : phosphodiester bond formation and promoter escape . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
TFIIH with inactive XPD helicase functions in transcription initiation but is defective in DNA repair . ^^^ Mutations in the DNA dependent ATPase / helicase subunits of TFIIH , XPB and XPD , are associated with three inherited syndromes as follows : xeroderma pigmentosum with or without Cockayne syndrome and trichothiodystrophy . ^^^ By using epitope tagged XPD we purified mammalian TFIIH carrying a wild type or an active site mutant XPD subunit . ^^^ However , during DNA repair , neither 5 ' nor 3 ' incisions in defined positions around a DNA adduct were detected in the presence of TFIIH containing inactive XPD , although substantial damage dependent DNA synthesis was induced by the presence of mutant XPD both in cells and cell extracts . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
The most complex and difficult to analyze factor is TFIIH , which has a 6 subunit core ( XPB , XPD , p 44 , p 34 , p 52 , p 62 ) and a 3 subunit kinase ( CAK ) . ^^^ TFIIH from cells with XPB or XPD mutations was defective in supporting repair , whereas TFIIH from spinal muscular atrophy cells with a deletion of one p 44 gene was active . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
In contrast , mutations in two members of the TFIIH complex , the XPB and XPD genes are generally very severe with both skin and CNS disorders . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
The median portion of MAT 1 , which contains a coiled coil motif , allows the binding of CAK to the TFIIH core through interactions with both XPD and XPB helicases . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
The amino terminal portion of p 44 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of the XPD helicase activity ; here we show that its carboxyl terminal domain is essential for TFIIH transcription activity and that it binds three zinc atoms through two independent modules . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
SSL1 , the regulatory subunit of the XPD / RAD3 helicase , plays a crucial role in the transcriptional activity of TFIIH . ^^^ We have shown previously that mutations in the C terminus of the XPD helicase , another subunit of TFIIH , prevent its regulation by p 44 ( Coin , F . , Bergmann , E . , Tremeau Bravard , A . , and Egly , J . ^^^ Moreover , this study shows how the activity of the the cyclin dependent kinase activating kinase associated with TFIIH complex in stimulating transcription is mediated in part by p44 / XPD interaction . . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
This interaction involves ( 1 ) the integrity of helix 12 of the LBD / AF2 and ( 2 ) p 62 and XPD , two subunits of the core TFIIH . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
The two helicases , XPB and XPD , are components of the basal transcription factor TFIIH , which has a dual role in NER and initiation of transcription . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
The repair deficient form of trichothiodystrophy ( TTD ) most often results from mutations in the genes XPB or XPD , encoding helicases of the transcription / repair factor TFIIH . ^^^ Sublimiting concentration of TFIIH transcription / DNA repair factor causes TTD A trichothiodystrophy disorder . ^^^ The genetic defect in a third group , TTD A , is unknown , but is also caused by dysfunctioning TFIIH . ^^^ None of the TFIIH subunits carry a mutation and TFIIH from TTD A cells is active in both transcription and repair . ^^^ Thus , the phenotype of TTD A appears to result from sublimiting amounts of TFIIH , probably due to a mutation in a gene determining the complex stability . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Cloning of a human homolog of the yeast nucleotide excision repair gene MMS 19 and interaction with transcription repair factor TFIIH via the XPB and XPD helicases . ^^^ Co immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that hMMS 19 directly interacts with the XPB and XPD subunits of NER transcription factor TFIIH . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
In both processes , TFIIH is implicated with local DNA unwinding , which is attributed to its helicase subunits XPB and XPD . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Inherited mutations of the TFIIH helicase subunits xeroderma pigmentosum ( XP ) B or XPD yield overlapping DNA repair and transcription syndromes . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
The xeroderma pigmentosum group D ( XPD ) helicase subunit of TFIIH functions in DNA repair and transcription initiation . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
We report here the different ways in which four subunits of the basal transcription / repair factor TFIIH ( XPB , XPD , p 62 and p 44 ) and the damage recognition XPC repair protein can enter the nucleus . ^^^ These findings suggest that the nuclear entry of XPD depends on its complexation with other proteins in the cytoplasm , possibly other components of the TFIIH complex . . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Transcriptional regulation of the TFIIH transcription repair components XPB and XPD by the hepatitis B virus 10 protein in liver cells and transgenic liver tissue . ^^^ Herein we report that HBx represses two components of the transcription repair factor TFIIH , XPB ( p 89 ) , and XPD ( p 80 ) , both in p 53 proficient and p 53 deficient liver cells . ^^^ Expression of HBx in liver cells results in down regulation of endogenous XPB and XPD mRNAs and proteins ; this inhibition is not observed with other TFIIH subunits , XPA or PCNA . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
The p 44 subunit plays a crucial role in the overall activity of the transcription / DNA repair factor TFIIH : on the one hand its N terminal domain interacts with and regulates the XPD helicase ( , ) ; on the other hand , as shown in the present study , it participates with the promoter escape reaction . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
TFIIH is a multifunctional RNA polymerase 2 general initiation factor that includes two DNA helicases encoded by the Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group B ( XPB ) and D ( XPD ) genes and a cyclin dependent protein kinase encoded by the CDK 7 gene . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
XPD is a component of the TFIIH transcription factor , which is essential for RNA polymerase 2 elongation . ^^^ This is an expected phenotype if the XPD function is affected and indicates that the antisense approach may be an alternative in the study of TFIIH functions in Drosophila . . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
In a third group of photosensitive patients , TTD A , no mutation has been identified , although TFIIH amount is reduced . . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
In UV sensitive TTD , the TFIIH transcription factor containing XPB and XPD helicase activities necessary for both transcription initiation and DNA repair is damaged . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
As biochemists , we have characterized each component of TFIIH , three of which are XPB and XPD helicases and cdk 7 , a cyclin dependent kinase . ^^^ We now know how the XPB helicase opens the promoter region for RNA synthesis and that one of the roles of XPD helicase is to anchor the cdk 7 kinase to the core TFIIH . ^^^ The observations made by clinicians close to XP , TTD and CS patients , suggested that transcription defects responsible for brittle hair and nails for TTD , or developmental abnormalities for CS , resulted from TFIIH mutations . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Using immunoprecipitates from cells coinfected with baculoviruses , we further validated the bridging function of XPD , which anchors CAK to the core TFIIH . ^^^ XPD and / or the role of CAK within TFIIH and , consequently , explaining the variety of the XP phenotypes . . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
The xeroderma pigmentosum group D ( XPD ) protein is a subunit of transcription factor TFIIH with DNA helicase activity . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Mutations in the XPD helicase component of TFIIH can result in the diverse clinical features associated with xeroderma pigmentosum ( XP ) and trichothiodystrophy ( TTD ) . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
The XPD gene encodes a subunit of the transcription factor 2 H ( TFIIH ) , a complex involved in nucleotide excision repair ( NER ) and basal transcription . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
The XPD protein performs not only an essential viability function as a structural component of transcription initiation factor TFIIH , but also an NER function as a 5 ' to 3 ' DNA helicase within TFIIH that unwinds DNA on the 3 ' side of bulky lesions . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
XPD mutations prevent TFIIH dependent transactivation by nuclear receptors and phosphorylation of RARalpha . ^^^ Inherited mutations in the XPD subunit of the general transcription / repair factor TFIIH yield the rare genetic disorder Xeroderma pigmentosum ( XP ) , the phenotypes of which can not be explained solely on the basis of a DNA repair defect . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Taken together , our results show that the p52 / Tfb2 subunit of TFIIH regulates the function of XPB through pair wise interactions as described previously for p 44 and XPD . . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Three polypeptides , primarily positioned 5 ' to the damage , are in close physical proximity to the psoralen lesion and thus are cross linked to the damaged DNA : these proteins are RPA 70 , RPA 32 , and the XPD subunit of TFIIH . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Mutations in XPB and XPD TFIIH helicases have been related with three hereditary human disorders : xeroderma pigmentosum , Cockayne syndrome , and trichothiodystrophy . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Regulation of cisplatin resistance and homologous recombinational repair by the TFIIH subunit XPD . ^^^ We have recently completed screening of the National Cancer Institute human tumor cell line panel and demonstrated that among four nucleotide excision repair proteins ( XPA , XPB , XPD , and ERCC 1 ) , only the TFIIH subunit XPD endogenous protein levels correlate with alkylating agent drug resistance . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
In this report , we demonstrate an association of a C terminal domain of human RAD 52 ( amino acids 302 418 ) with the XPB and XPD subunits of transcription factor TFIIH and RNA polymerase 2 ( RNAPII ) . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Trichothiodystrophy ( TTD ) is a rare hereditary multisystem disorder associated with defects in nucleotide excision repair ( NER ) as a consequence of mutations in XPD , XPB or TTDA , three genes that are all related to TFIIH , the multiprotein complex involved in NER and transcription . ^^^ We have also measured TFIIH levels in cells in which different mutations in the XPD gene are associated with clinical symptoms not of TTD but of the highly cancer prone disorder xeroderma pigmentosum ( XP ) . ^^^ We conclude that the severity of the clinical features in TTD patients and the clinical outcome of differentially mutated XPD proteins is likely to depend both on the effects that each mutation has on the stability of TFIIH and on the transcriptional activity of the residual TFIIH complexes . . ^^^ Here we show that all the mutations found in TTD cases , irrespective of whether they are homozygotes , hemizygotes or compound heterozygotes , cause a substantial and specific reduction ( by up to 70 % ) in the cellular concentration of TFIIH . ^^^ Intriguingly , the degree of reduction in the level of TFIIH does not correlate with the severity of the pathological phenotype , suggesting that the severity of the clinical features in TTD can not be related solely to the effects of mutations on the stability of TFIIH . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
We also show that mutations in CSB , as well as in XPB and XPD genes , all of which confer CS , disturb the RNA pol I / TFIIH interaction within the CSB IP / 150 . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Mutations in some components of TFIIH are associated with three hereditary human syndromes : xeroderma pigmentosum ( XP ) , Cockayne syndrome ( CS ) and trichothiodystrophy ( TTD ) . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
The antibody study indicated that they thus altered the conformation of one side of TFIIH , consisting of p 44 , XPD , and Cdk activating kinase subunits , that is essential for the transition stage . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Moreover , when XPD mutations prevent interaction with the p 44 subunit of TFIIH , transactivation directed by certain nuclear receptors is inhibited , regardless of TTD versus XP phenotype , thus explaining the overlapping symptoms . ^^^ We also show that TFIIH from TTD patients , but not from XP patients , exhibits a significant in vitro basal transcription defect in addition to a reduced intracellular concentration . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
General transcription factor IIH ( TFIIH ) consists of nine subunits : cyclin dependent kinase 7 ( Cdk 7 ) , cyclin H and MAT 1 ( forming the Cdk activating kinase or CAK complex ) , the two helicases Xpb / Hay and Xpd , and p 34 , p 44 , p 52 and p 62 ( refs 1 3 ) . ^^^ Here we show that the Drosophila TFIIH component Xpd negatively regulates the cell cycle function of Cdk 7 , the CAK activity . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Xpd , one of nine polypeptide subunits of the general transcription factor TFIIH plays an organizing role in TFIIH assembly . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
The TFIIH holoenzyme , including XPB and XPD helicases , is absolutely required for transcription coupled ( TCR ) as well as global genome ( GGR ) NER pathways . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
XPB and XPD proteins are components of transcription factor TFIIH , which is involved in both basal and activated transcription . ^^^ XPB is part of the core of TFIIH and has a central role in transcription , whereas XPD connects the core to the CAK subcomplex , and can tolerate many different mutations . ^^^ Subtle differences in the effects of these different mutations on the many activities of TFIIH and on its stability determine the clinical outcomes , which can be XP , TTD , XP with CS , XP with TTD or COFS . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Most repair deficient TTD patients are mutated in the XPD gene , a subunit of the transcription factor TFIIH . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
By competing with XPD , the natural partner of p 44 within TFIIH , and sequestering p 44 and XPB subunits , NSs prevents the assembly of TFIIH subunits , thus destabilizing the normal host cell life . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Importantly , mutations of the XPD gene affected both the recruitment of the TFIIH complex to DNA damage sites and the TFIIH expression . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
DNA repair deficient trichothiodystrophy ( TTD ) results from mutations in the XPD and XPB subunits of the DNA repair and transcription factor TFIIH . ^^^ In a third form of DNA repair deficient TTD , called group A , none of the nine subunits encoding TFIIH carried mutations ; instead , the steady state level of the entire complex was severely reduced . ^^^ The identification of a new evolutionarily conserved subunit of TFIIH implicated in TTD A provides insight into TFIIH function in transcription , DNA repair and human disease . . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Mutations in the XPB and XPD helicases of the DNA repair / transcription factor TFIIH are involved in several human genetic disorders . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Mutations in the XPD subunit of the transcription / repair factor TFIIH cause the Xeroderma pigmentosum disorder . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Therefore , genetic heterogeneity in nonphotosensitive TTD is a feature similar to that observed in photosensitive TTD , which is caused by mutations in transcription factor 2 H ( TFIIH ) subunit genes . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
XPD is part of the TFIIH complex and has a helicase function , unwinding the DNA in the 5 ' > 3 ' direction . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
The XPD protein is an important component of the TFIIH transcription factor complex . ^^^ XPD genetic polymorphisms resulting in amino acids substitutions may lead to alterations in TFIIH helicase activity , resulting in repair and transcription defects . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Cells from both these patients have repair defects typical of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D ( XPD ) cells , but also had the phenotype of uncontrolled DNA breakage found specifically in XPD / CS cells and similarly reduced levels of TFIIH . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Mutations in the XPD subunit of TFIIH give rise to human genetic disorders initially defined as DNA repair syndromes . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
The severe xeroderma pigmentosum / Cockayne syndrome ( XP / CS ) syndrome is caused by mutations in the XPB , XPD and XPG genes that encode the helicase subunits of TFIIH and the 3 ' endonuclease of nucleotide excision repair ( NER ) . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
The ERCC 2 protein is an evolutionary conserved ATP dependent helicase that is associated with a TFIIH transcription factor complex and plays an important role in nucleotide excision repair . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Mutation of CSB , CSA , or the TFIIH helicases XPB and XPD can also cause defective TCR and CS . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
TFIIH DNA helicases , XPB and XPD , are also components in this apoptotic pathway . ^^^ |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Interestingly , p 8 overexpression in TTD XPD cells counteracts the detrimental effect of XPD mutations by restoring the cellular TFIIH concentration . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
We demonstrate that the human TFIIH complex proteins XPB ( ERCC 3 ) and XPD ( ERCC 2 ) play a principal role in the degradation of retroviral cDNA . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
Plant homologues of the human TFIIH subunits XPB and XPD that function in NER have been isolated but none has been shown to operate in transcription . ^^^ Here we address the capabilities of Arabidopsis thaliana AtGTF2H2 and AtXPD , homologues of the essential interacting human / yeast TFIIH components p44 / Ssl1 and XPD / Rad3 , respectively . ^^^ |
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Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
NA |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
NA |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
NA |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
NA |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
NA |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
NA |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
NA |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
NA |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
NA |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
NA |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
NA |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
NA |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
NA |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
NA |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
NA |
|
Interacting proteins: Q92759 and P18074 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
NA |
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