| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRY 1 or CRY 2 ( or both ) showed light independent interactions with CLOCK and BMAL 1 , as well as with PER 1 , PER 2 , and TIM . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The basic helix loop helix PAS proteins CLOCK and BMAL 1 are positive regulators and drive the expression of the negative regulators CRY 1 and CRY 2 , as well as PER 1 , PER 2 , and PER 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The hypothesis is advanced that the circadian pacemaker in the mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus ( SCN ) is composed at the molecular level of a nonredundant double complex of circadian genes ( per 1 , cry 1 , and per 2 , cry 2 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These molecular rhythms in serum shocked fibroblasts cycled in a phase relationship similar to that observed in the SCN in vivo ; peak Per 1 and Per 2 mRNA expression preceded the rhythmic maxima in Cry 1 and Cry 2 mRNA levels by 4 hr . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have found that in rat heart all mammalian homologues of known Drosophila clock genes ( bmal 1 , clock , cry 1 , cry 2 , per 1 , per 2 , per 3 , dbp , hlf , and tef ) show circadian patterns of expression and that the induction of clock output genes ( the PAR [ rich in proline and acidic amino acid residues ] transcription factors dbp , hlf , and tef ) is attenuated in the pressure overloaded hypertrophied heart . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Among the components of the negative limb of the feedback loop , Per 1 , Per 2 , Per 3 , Cry 2 but not Cry 1 genes show a shortened duration of their peak expression under SP compared with LP . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The phases of the RNA cycles of the period genes Per 1 and Per 2 and the cryptochrome gene Cry 1 shifted rapidly in the ventrolateral , photoreceptive region of the SCN , but were relatively slow to shift in the dorsomedial region . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The endogenous oscillation machinery involves interactive positive and negative transcriptional and posttranslational feedback loops involving the clock genes Per 1 , Per 2 , Per 3 , Clock , Bmal 1 , Cry 1 and Cry 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The rhythmic expression of clock and clock controlled genes in the rat oviduct was investigated by real time RT PCR . per 1 , per 2 , Clock , Bmal 1 , cry 1 and cry 2 were all expressed in the oviduct . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CONCLUSIONS : The coordinated regulation of the circadian clock genes Cry 1 , Per 2 , and Bmal 1 6 hours after RE and diurnal genes 18 hours after RE in the exercised leg suggest that RE may directly modulate circadian rhythms in human skeletal muscle . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Interactivating feedback loops within the mammalian clock : BMAL 1 is negatively autoregulated and upregulated by CRY 1 , CRY 2 , and PER 2 . ^^^ Transcription of mBmal 1 was activated by CRY 1 , CRY 2 , and PER 2 , and was repressed by BMAL 1 CLOCK dimers . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The circadian patterns of gene expression of seven components of the mammalian clock ( bmal 1 , clock , cry 1 , cry 2 , per 1 , per 2 and per 3 ) , as well as three clock output genes ( dbp , hlf and tef ) , were compared in hearts isolated from control and STZ induced diabetic rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The 24 h expression of seven clock genes ( Bmal 1 , Clock , Per 1 , Per 2 , Cry 1 , Cry 2 , and CK 1 epsilon ) was assayed by in situ hybridization in the suprachiasmatic nucleus ( SCN ) and the pars tuberalis ( PT ) of the pituitary gland , collected every 4 h throughout 24 h , from female Soay sheep kept under long ( 16 h light / 8 h dark ) or short ( 8 h light / 16 h dark ) photoperiods . ^^^ In the SCN , there was a 24 h rhythm in Clock expression , in parallel with Bmal 1 , in antiphase with cycles in Per 1 and Per 2 ; there was low amplitude oscillation of Cry 1 and Cry 2 . ^^^ In the PT , the high amplitude 24 h cycles in the expression of Bmal 1 , Clock , Per 1 , Per 2 , Cry 1 , and Cry 2 , but not CK 1 epsilon , were influenced by photoperiod . ^^^ Per 1 and Per 2 peaked during the day , whereas Cry 1 and Cry 2 peaked early in the night . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The promoter regions of the Per 1 , Per 2 and Cry 1 genes exhibit circadian rhythms in H 3 acetylation and RNA polymerase 2 binding that are synchronous with the corresponding steady state messenger RNA rhythms . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A full complement of clock genes ( Bmal 1 , Clock , Per 1 , Per 2 , Cry 1 and Cry 2 ) are expressed in the ovine pars tuberalis , and undergo 24 h cyclical expression as observed in a cell autonomous , circadian clock . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Bmal 1 , Clock , Per 1 , Per 2 , Cry 1 and Cry 2 ) are expressed in the PT , and their expression oscillates through the 24 h light / darkness cycle in a temporal sequence distinct from that in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus ( central circadian pacemaker ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Advances in chronobiology have identified the suprachiasmatic nucleus ( SCN ) as the center of biological rhythms and the area in which clock genes such as PER 1 , PER 2 , PER 3 , CLOCK , BMAL 1 , TIM , CRY 1 , CRY 2 , tau act to generate and coordinate biological rhythms . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The expression of Per 1 , Per 2 , Cry 1 , Clock , Bmal 1 , Dec 1 , Dec 2 and c fos was determined 30 and 120 min after treatment in suprachiasmatic nucleus punches by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| When taken together with the results from the present study , different phase relationships between Per 2 and Cry 1 in the Japanese quail PT under different photoperiods may decode photoperiodic information and regulate photoperiodic PRL secretion in a manner similar to that of mammals . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In contrast , Per 3 and Cry 1 day and night mRNA levels are not responsive to adrenergic ligands ( as previously reported for Per 2 ) and daily expression of Per 3 and Cry 1 appears strongly damped or abolished in constant darkness . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Daily profiles of Per 1 , Per 2 , Cry 1 , Bmal 1 , and Clock mRNA in the SCN of fetuses at the embryonic day ( E ) 19 and of newborn rats at the postnatal day ( P ) 3 and P 10 were assessed by the in situ hybridization method . ^^^ In addition , daily profiles of PER 1 , PER 2 , and CRY 1 proteins at E 19 were assessed by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ However , no SCN rhythm in their expression was detected ; Per 1 , Cry 1 , and Clock mRNA levels were low , whereas Bmal 1 mRNA levels were high and Per 2 mRNA levels were medium . ^^^ Moreover , no rhythms of PER 1 , PER 2 , and CRY 1 were detectable , as no immunoreactive cells were present at E 19 . ^^^ At P 3 , rhythms in Per 1 , Per 2 , Cry 1 , and Bmal 1 , but not in Clock mRNA , were expressed in the SCN . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) was used in analysis of the expression of the major clock genes Per 1 , Per 2 , Bmal 1 , Cry 1 , Tim ( timeless ) and Clock , as well as of the output genes Dbp and Rev erbalpha in the pancreatic tissue of rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In serum shocked NIH / 3T3 fibroblasts , oscillations in Per 2 , Bmal 1 , and Cry 1 expression persisted with some change in rhythm amplitude during antisense inhibition of CLOCK , demonstrating that feedback interactions between Clock and other core components of the clock mechanism may be regulated differently in SCN2 . 2 cells and fibroblasts . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It is conjectured that : ( 1 ) the clock ' s 24 h period depends on mRNA stability . ( 2 ) REV ERBalpha suppresses and / or entrains rhythms in peripheral tissues by regulating CRY 1 transcription . ( 3 ) CLK : BMAL 1 oscillations are suppressed in the suprachiasmatic nuclei to enhance oscillations in other proteins . ( 4 ) PER 2 is ineffective at causing phase advances because it is not induced by light during the late night . ( 5 ) The clock is a limit cycle oscillator that shows characteristics of the evening and morning oscillator model . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , RT PCR of PRL cells ( pituitary , MMQ , and GH ( 3 ) ) revealed expression of clock and bmal 1 as well as five other clock genes ( per 1 , per 2 , cry 1 , cry 2 , and tim ) , suggesting that the circadian system may function in PRL cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| For this purpose , the 24 h expression of nine clock genes ( bmal 1 , clock , per 1 , per 2 , per 3 , cry 1 , cry 2 , dec 1 and dec 2 ) and the aa nat gene was monitored under light dark 8 : 16 and light dark 16 : 8 in the rat pineal by using real time RT PCR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Additionally , expressions of Per 1 , Per 2 , Per 3 , Bmal 1 , Bmal 2 , Clock , Cry 1 , and Cry 2 clock genes were simultaneously detected in single chicken pineal glands . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Contrary to the hypothesis , the 24 h rhythmic expression of clock genes ( Rev erbalpha , Per 1 , Per 2 , Bmal 1 , Cry 1 ) in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and PT reflected the ambient photoperiod / melatonin signal and not the changing physiology . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Per 2 , Bmal 1 , and Cry 1 gene expression was determined by Northern blot analyses using ovine RNA probes in liver collected every 4h for 24h . ^^^ Liver Per 2 and Bmal 1 , but not Cry 1 , expression was rhythmic in all treatments . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the SCN , rhythmic expression of the clock genes Per 1 , Per 2 , Cry 1 , Rev erbalpha , and the clock controlled genes arginine vasopressin ( AVP ) and d element binding protein ( DBP ) was modulated by photoperiod . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In C57BL / 6J mice , all transcript levels of the clock genes ( Bmal 1 , Per 1 , Per 2 , Cry 1 , Cry 2 , and Dbp ) and adipocytokines ( adiponectin , resistin , and visfatin ) clearly showed 24 h rhythms . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The expression of five clock genes ( Per 1 , Per 2 , Cry 1 , Rev erbalpha , and Bmal 1 ) was measured by in situ hybridization . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To ascertain when and how the photoperiod affects the circadian core clock mechanism during ontogenesis , the rhythmic expression of clock genes , namely of Per 1 , Per 2 , Cry 1 and Bmal 1 was determined in 3 , 10 and 20 day old rat pups maintained under either a long photoperiod with 16 h of light and 8 h of darkness per day ( LD 16 : 8 ) or under a short , LD 8 : 16 photoperiod . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression profiles for Per 2 , Bmal 1 and Cry 1 were first determined in a synchronized equine cell line . ^^^ Robust circadian oscillations of Per 2 , Bmal 1 and Cry 1 were observed in vitro . ^^^ A synchronized molecular clock was also demonstrated in equine adipose tissue although oscillation of Bmal 1 was less robust than that of Per 2 and Cry 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Daily profiles of Per 1 , Per 2 , Cry 1 , Bmal 1 , and Clock mRNA and of AVP heteronuclear ( hn ) RNA as an indicator of AVP gene transcription were assessed in the SCN of fetuses at E 20 and of newborn rats at P 1 and P 2 by the in situ hybridization method . ^^^ At P 1 , rhythms in Per 1 , Bmal 1 , and AVP and a forming rhythm in Per 2 but no rhythm in Cry 1 expression were present in the SCN . ^^^ At P 2 , marked rhythms of Per 1 , Per 2 , and Bmal 1 and a forming rhythm of Cry 1 , but not of Clock , expression were present . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cry 1 and Per 2 transcripts increased rapidly in the early morning and were low at night . ^^^ Levels of Cry 1 and Per 2 transcripts were stimulated by light exposure at night . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Clock related genes including Per 1 , Per 2 , Cry 1 , Bmal 1 , Dec 1 , Dec 2 , Dbp , and Reverbalpha showed robust circadian expression rhythms in the submandibular glands in 12 : 12 hour light dark conditions . ^^^ The Clock mutation resulted in increased or decreased mRNA levels of Per 2 , Bmal 1 , Dec 1 , Dec 2 , and Dbp , and in Cry 1 / background , Cry 2 disruption also increased or decreased mRNA levels of these clock related genes and the amylase 1 gene . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| For this purpose , the 24 h profiles of nine clock genes ( bmal 1 , clock , per 1 , per 2 , per 3 , dec 1 , dec 2 , cry 1 and cry 2 ) and the arylalkylamine N acetyltransferase gene as an indicator of the circadian pacemaker output were compared between light dark periods of 8 : 16 and 16 : 8 h . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here , we show that the C terminal extension of mCRY 1 harbors a nuclear localization signal and a putative coiled coil domain that drive nuclear localization via two independent mechanisms and shift the equilibrium of shuttling mammalian CRY 1 ( mCRY 1 ) / mammalian PER 2 ( mPER 2 ) complexes towards the nucleus . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| DNA methylation was found in the promoter sequences of PER 1 , PER 2 , and CRY 1 , but not of other six circadian genes in the ECs and normal tissues examined . ^^^ Eleven of the 35 EC tissues showed CpG methylation in the promoter sequences of PER 1 , PER 2 , or CRY 1 . ^^^ Of these 11 cases , 1 had promoter methylation in all the three genes , 1 in PER 1 and PER 2 , 3 in PER 1 and CRY 1 , and 6 in PER 1 , respectively . ^^^ In comparison , promoter CpG methylation of PER 1 , PER 2 , or CRY 1 was found in only 7 of 35 paired noncancerous tissues including 2 in PER 1 and PER 2 , 2 in PER 1 , and 3 in CRY 1 . ^^^ In summary , promoter methylation in the PER 1 , PER 2 , or CRY 1 circadian genes was detected in about one third of EC and one fifth of noncancerous endometrial tissues of 35 paired specimens indicating possible disruption of the circadian clock in the development of EC . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To investigate avian clock gene expression , partial cDNA sequences of six mammalian clock gene homologs ( Bmal 1 , Clock , Per 2 , Per 3 , Cry 1 , and Cry 2 ) and a novel avian cryptochrome gene ( Cry 4 ) were cloned from the house sparrow , a model system in circadian research . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| From the 4 clock genes ( Per 1 , Per 2 , Cry 1 and Bmal 1 ) studied , the expression of Bmal 1 and Per 1 was rhythmic already in 1 day old rats ; at this age , the Per 2 mRNA rhythm just started to form and no rhythm in Cry 1 expression was detected . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Among the components driving the mammalian circadian clock are the Period 1 and 2 ( Per 1 and Per 2 ) and Cryptochrome 1 and 2 ( Cry 1 and Cry 2 ) genes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Transcripts for core oscillator elements ( Arntl , Clock , Per 1 , Per 2 , and Cry 1 ) were present in the ovary as indicated by quantitative real time RT PCR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15055 and Q16526 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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