| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.64066651 |
| Pull down experiments demonstrated that recombinant monomeric beta synuclein does not interact with the proteasomal subunit S 6 ' , unlike alpha synuclein , but beta synuclein does bind alpha synuclein and competes with S 6 ' for binding to alpha synuclein . 0.64066651^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We refer to the 140 and 134 amino acid proteins as alpha synuclein and beta synuclein , respectively . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We report that Abeta binds to native and recombinant alpha synuclein , and to beta synuclein in an SDS sensitive interaction ( IC 50 approx . 20 microM ) , as determined by chemical cross linking and solid phase binding assays . alpha Synuclein and beta synuclein were found to stimulate Abeta aggregation in vitro to the same extent . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We characterized the patterns of NACP and beta synuclein expression in a megakaryocyte platelet system ( K 562 ) . ^^^ In this hematopoietic cell line , NACP expression was up regulated during phorbol ester induced megakaryocytic differentiation , while beta synuclein was down regulated . ^^^ Consistent with this , NACP but not beta synuclein was abundantly expressed in platelets . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical studies performed with this MAb as well as other antibodies to alpha and beta synuclein showed that alpha synuclein , but not beta synuclein , is a component of LBs in sporadic PD and DLB . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This gene is composed of five exons , which encode a 127 amino acid protein that is highly homologous to alpha synuclein , which is mutated in some Parkinson ' s disease families , and to beta synuclein . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The beta synuclein protein is highly homologous to the alpha synuclein protein for which two mutations were reported in some familial cases of Parkinson disease . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunoblot analysis showed that human NACP / alpha synuclein ( but not beta synuclein ) aggregated in the presence of ferric ion and was inhibited by the iron chelator deferoxamine . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Pathogenic alpha synuclein ( alphaS ) gene mutations occur in rare familial Parkinson ' s disease ( PD ) kindreds , and wild type alphaS is a major component of Lewy bodies ( LBs ) in sporadic PD , dementia with LBs ( DLB ) , and the LB variant of Alzheimer ' s disease , but beta synuclein ( betaS ) and gamma synuclein ( gammaS ) have not yet been implicated in neurological disorders . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The PD glial inclusions also are immunoreactive for NACP / alpha synuclein , but not for beta synuclein , and ultrastructurally are composed of filamentous structures about 25 40 nm in diameter . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| LB 509 as well as other antibodies to alpha synuclein , but not to beta synuclein , immunostained brainstem and cortical LBs in sporadic PD and DLB brains . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| With the discovery that mutations in alpha synuclein can cause Parkinson ' s disease , a potential role for the other synuclein family members in neurodegenerative disease is being considered . beta Synuclein in particular may deserve special attention , as it is co expressed with alpha synuclein at presynaptic nerve terminals , is subject to phosphorylation by Ca ( 2+ ) calmodulin protein kinase 2 , appears important for neural plasticity , and forms aggregates in the brains of patients with Parkinson ' s disease and a related disorder . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Membrane binding is also strong for beta synuclein , phosphorylated alpha synuclein , and a synuclein mutant that is associated with familial Parkinson ' s disease . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In control cases , highest levels of expression were observed in the neocortex and the lowest in basal ganglia and substantia nigra . beta Synuclein was the most abundant message ( 75 80 % ) , followed by gamma synuclein ( 10 15 % ) and alpha synuclein ( 8 10 % ) . ^^^ Analysis of the superior temporal cortex , a region selectively affected in LBD and AD , showed that compared to controls , levels of alpha synuclein were increased in cases of diffuse LBD ( DLBD ) , levels of beta synuclein were decreased in AD and DLBD , and levels of gamma synuclein were increased in AD cases . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We characterized beta synuclein , the non amyloidogenic homolog of alpha synuclein , as an inhibitor of aggregation of alpha synuclein , a molecule implicated in Parkinson ' s disease . ^^^ In doubly transgenic mice , beta synuclein ameliorated motor deficits , neurodegenerative alterations , and neuronal alpha synuclein accumulation seen in halpha synuclein transgenic mice . ^^^ Similarly , cell lines transfected with beta synuclein were resistant to alpha synuclein accumulation . halpha synuclein was coimmunoprecipitated with hbeta synuclein in the brains of doubly transgenic mice and in the double transfected cell lines . ^^^ Our results raise the possibility that beta synuclein might be a natural negative regulator of alpha synuclein aggregation and that a similar class of endogenous factors might regulate the aggregation state of other molecules involved in neurodegeneration . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although hydrogen peroxide challenge resulted in JNK activation and cell death in cells transfected with vector control or beta synuclein , alpha synuclein transfected cells were resistant to hydrogen peroxide , and JNK was not activated . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The family includes three known proteins : alpha synuclein , beta synuclein , and gamma synuclein . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Very early during dendritic development at DIV 3 , beta synuclein ( but not alpha synuclein ) was localized at the base of dendritic growth cones identified by MAP 2 and alpha amino 3 hydroxy 5 methyl 4 isoxazole ( AMPA ) receptor GluR 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Alpha synuclein was not observed in perikarya , but was distributed with high intensity in nerve terminals in the caudate and putamen and ventral pallidum , where beta synuclein was much weaker and less densely distributed in the caudate and putamen . ^^^ In the brainstem , alpha synuclein as well as gamma synuclein were present in the locus coeruleus with high intensity , while beta synuclein was very weak . ^^^ In addition , alpha synuclein was intense in the vagus nucleus , but weak in the oculomotor , facial , hypoglossal , accessory and ambiguous nuclei , where beta synuclein was very intensely present . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Owing to data from patient brains , it was speculated that an imbalance between alpha synuclein and beta synuclein might be one of the reasons for formation of LBs and the consequent functional deficits . ^^^ This was supported by the fact that beta synuclein is able to prevent abnormal alpha synuclein aggregation . ^^^ To verify if re establishing a normal relation between alpha synuclein and beta synuclein is able to prevent the pathology , bigenic mice have been created that overexpress both synucleins . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two point mutants ( A30P and A53T ) found in some familial types of PD , in addition to beta synuclein and alpha synuclein 112 , effectively inhibited PF 4 release from the alpha granules . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| By employing a chemical coupling reagent of N ( ethoxycarbonyl ) 2 ethoxy 1 , 2 dihydroquinoline , alpha synuclein has been shown to yield a heterodimeric 1 : 1 complex with calmodulin on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence and even absence of calcium , whereas beta synuclein was more dependent upon calcium for its calmodulin interaction . ^^^ A reversible binding assay confirmed that alpha synuclein interacted with the Ca2+ free as well as the Ca2+ bound calmodulins with almost identical Kds of 0 . 35 micro m and 0 . 31 micro m , respectively , while beta synuclein preferentially recognized the Ca2+ bound form with a Kd of 0 . 68 micro m . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Among them , we characterized beta synuclein , the non amyloidogenic homologue of alpha synuclein , as an inhibitor of aggregation of alpha synuclein . ^^^ Our results raise the intriguing possibility that beta synuclein might be a natural negative regulator of alpha synuclein aggregation , and that a similar class of endogenous factors might regulate the aggregation state of other molecules involved in neurodegeneration . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Beside beta sheet breakers directed against beta amyloid deposition the endogenous protein beta synuclein or derivatives of it might be able to counteract aggregation of alpha synuclein as well as of amyloid beta protein . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The levels of beta synuclein , a possible negative regulator of alpha synuclein , also were not affected by cocaine exposure . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Beta synuclein displays an antiapoptotic p 53 dependent phenotype and protects neurons from 6 hydroxydopamine induced caspase 3 activation : cross talk with alpha synuclein and implication for Parkinson ' s disease . ^^^ Furthermore , beta synuclein restores the antiapoptotic function of alpha synuclein in 6OHDA treated neurons . ^^^ Our observation that beta synuclein contributes to restoration of the alpha synuclein antiapoptotic function abolished by 6OHDA may have direct implications for Parkinson ' s disease pathology . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| While alpha and beta synuclein largely overlap in their expression in the vertebrate brain , only alpha synuclein accumulates in the fibrillar aggregates typical of Parkinson ' s disease . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Reciprocal accumulation of beta synuclein in alpha synuclein lesions in multiple system atrophy . ^^^ Recent studies have shown that beta synuclein , a homolog of alpha synuclein , inhibits alpha synuclein aggregation in vitro . ^^^ We immunohistochemically examined the MSA brain , using specific antibodies against alpha synuclein and beta synuclein . alpha synuclein positive filamentous aggregates were frequently found in neurons in the pontine and inferior olivary nuclei . ^^^ Thus , neuronal alpha synuclein inclusions appear to occur only rarely in neurons in which beta synuclein accumulates . ^^^ These findings support the possibility that beta synuclein is a negative regulator of alpha synuclein aggregation . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| By employing beta synuclein and a C terminally truncated alpha synuclein ( alpha syn 97 ) , the head group dependent self oligomerization was demonstrated to occur preferentially at the N terminal region while the fatty acid interaction leading to the protein self association required the presence of the acidic C terminus of alpha synuclein . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Synuclein positive neurons were extensively observed throughout SD mouse brains , although the distribution of beta synuclein was less extensive than that of alpha synuclein . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Beta synuclein inhibits formation of alpha synuclein protofibrils : a possible therapeutic strategy against Parkinson ' s disease . ^^^ Double transgenic progeny of these mice that also express human beta synuclein , a homologue of alpha synuclein , show significant amelioration of all three phenotypes . ^^^ Beta synuclein protofibrils do not bind to or permeabilize synthetic vesicles , unlike protofibrils comprising alpha synuclein or gamma synuclein . ^^^ Significantly , beta synuclein inhibits the generation of A53T alpha synuclein protofibrils and fibrils . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , gene expression of alpha synuclein was also decreased with MPTP treatment , but there was no change in beta synuclein and parkin . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Indeed , even the normal cellular functions of alpha synuclein and of the other synucleins ( beta synuclein and gamma synuclein ) are still unknown . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , coexpression of GAPDH with either wild type or mutant ( A53T ) alpha synuclein and less likely with beta synuclein in transfected COS 7 cells was found to induce Lewy body like cytoplasmic inclusions . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVE : To determine whether mutations in the genes for alpha synuclein or beta synuclein are responsible for dementia with Lewy bodies ( DLB ) , a disorder closely related to Parkinson disease ( PD ) . ^^^ DNA samples from the 43 index cases were screened for alterations in the genes for alpha synuclein and beta synuclein , as alpha synuclein alterations cause PD and beta synuclein may modulate alpha synuclein aggregation and neurotoxicity . ^^^ Histopathology and immunohistochemistry analysis of index case brain sections revealed widespread Lewy body pathology and alpha synuclein aggregation without evidence of beta synuclein aggregation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , conflicting data exist about the normal function of alpha synuclein , possibly because alpha synuclein is redundant with the very similar beta synuclein . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Beta synuclein exhibits chaperone activity more efficiently than alpha synuclein . ^^^ Beta synuclein exhibits high sequence homology and structural similarity with alpha synuclein , a protein implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson ' s disease . ^^^ We investigated the chaperone function of beta synuclein and its anti fibrillar activity in comparison with alpha synuclein . beta Synuclein suppressed the heat induced aggregation of aldolase , alcohol dehydrogenase , and citrate synthase , and its anti aggregative activity was remarkably higher than that of alpha synuclein . ^^^ Moreover , beta synuclein inhibited the amyloid formation of both Abeta ( 1 40 ) and alpha synuclein . ^^^ It is , therefore , suggested that beta synuclein can prevent abnormal protein aggregations more effectively than alpha synuclein by acting as a molecular chaperone . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , since increasing evidence favors a role for alpha synuclein accumulation in the pathogenesis of these disorders , an alternative therapy might require the transfer of genes that might block alpha synuclein accumulation . beta Synuclein , the nonamyloidogenic homologue of alpha synuclein , has recently been identified as a potential candidate . ^^^ Together , these data further support a role for beta synuclein in regulating the conformational state of alpha synuclein and suggest that this gene transfer approach might have potential for the development of alternative therapies for PD and DLB . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Physiological functions of alpha synuclein , a protein implicated in certain types of neurodegeneration , and two other members of the same family , beta synuclein and gamma synuclein , are not clearly understood . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| No mutations were identified in the tau , alpha synuclein , beta synuclein , or parkin genes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Alpha synuclein and its homologue beta synuclein are both natively unfolded proteins that colocalize in presynaptic terminals of neurons in many regions of the brain , including those of dopamine producing cells of the substantia nigra . ^^^ Unlike its homologue , beta synuclein does not form fibrils and has been shown to inhibit the fibrillation of alpha synuclein . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Within the last several years increasing attention has focused on these proteins because of their role in human diseases . alpha Synuclein relevance to Parkinson ' s disease is based on mutations found in familial cases of the disease and its presence in filaments and inclusion bodies in sporadic cases . gamma Synuclein is implicated in some forms of cancer and ocular diseases , while beta synuclein may antagonize their pathological functions . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q16143 and P37840 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|