| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Remarkably , of the known semaphorins , Sema VIa bears the greatest structural similarity to insect Sema 1 , although it contains a much larger intracellular domain . ^^^ This novel family member shares considerable homology with the best characterized murine semaphorin , Sema 3 ( also known as SemD ) , at the 5 ' end but is divergent from Sema 3 near the 3 ' end because it contains a putative transmembrane domain . ^^^ In order to gain insights into potential functions of Sema VIa , we have compared mRNA expression of Sema VIa to that of Sema 3 during development . ^^^ In the nervous system , Sema VIa is expressed in strikingly localized and transient patterns that are markedly different from those of Sema 3 . ^^^ Interestingly , Sema VIa and Sema 3 frequently exhibit complementary or adjacent loci of expression . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Grasshopper semaphorin 1 ( Sema 1 ) and its related proteins , chick collapsin and mouse Sema 3 contribute to the axon guidance by their repellent actions [ 5 , 9 , 12 ] . ^^^ The N terminal encodes a semaphorin domain that is similar between Sema 1 3 [ 6 ] followed by a single putative immunoglobulin like domain , a transmembrane domain , and a proline rich intracellular domain . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition to its expression on subsets of axons , grasshopper Semaphorin 1 ( Sema 1 , previously called Fasciclin [ Fas ] 4 ) is expressed on an epithelial stripe in the limb bud , where it functions in the guidance of two sensory growth cones as they abruptly turn upon encountering this sema 1 boundary . ^^^ D Sema 1 and D Sema 2 are expressed by subsets of neurons and muscles . ^^^ Drosophila sema ( D Sema ) 1 is a transmembrane protein , while D Sema 2 and human Sema 3 are putative secreted proteins that are similar to the recently reported chick collapsin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To examine the relationship between collapsin and sensory axon growth , we examined the pattern of mRNA expression of collapsin ' s mammalian paralogue , Semaphorin 3 ( Sema 3 ) , and compared it to dorsal root ganglion ( DRG ) axon pathways in the developing rat embryo . ^^^ Between E 13 and E 17 , Sema 3 mRNA is expressed at high levels in the entire ventral half of the spinal cord except the floor plate . ^^^ This pattern suggests that Sema 3 may inhibit non proprioceptive sensory axons from penetrating the ventral spinal cord . ^^^ At this age , Sema 3 mRNA is already expressed in the dermamyotome and ventral aspect of the posterior sclerotome , areas which axons pass between but do not penetrate en route to their peripheral targets . ^^^ During this time , Sema 3 mRNA is expressed by many mesodermal structures surrounding the axon fascicles , with highest levels observed in the dermamyotome , perinotochordal mesenchyme , pelvic girdle , and limb . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The transmembrane Semaphorin Sema 1 is required in Drosophila for embryonic motor and CNS axon guidance . ^^^ We show here that Drosophila Semaphorin 1 ( Sema 1 ) , a transmembrane semaphorin expressed on embryonic motor and CNS axons , is required for correct guidance of motor axons and for the formation of CNS pathways . ^^^ In mutant embryos lacking Sema 1 , motor axons stall and fail to defasciculate at specific choice points where normally they would project to their muscle targets . ^^^ Rescue and ectopic expression experiments show that Sema 1 is required in neurons to mediate axon guidance decisions . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To begin to elucidate the mechanisms that mediate the repulsive actions of Collapsin 1 / Semaphorin III / D ( Sema 3 ) , we searched for Sema 3 binding proteins in embryonic rat sensory neurons by expression cloning . ^^^ We report that Sema 3 binds with high affinity to the transmembrane protein neuropilin , and that antibodies to neuropilin block the ability of Sema 3 to repel sensory axons and to induce collapse of their growth cones . ^^^ These results provide evidence that neuropilin is a receptor or a component of a receptor complex that mediates the effects of Sema 3 on these axons . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Semaphorin 3 ( Sema 3 ) is a secreted protein that in vitro causes neuronal growth cone collapse and chemorepulsion of neurites , and in vivo is required for correct sensory afferent innervation and other aspects of development . ^^^ The mechanism of Sema 3 function , however , is unknown . ^^^ Here , we report that neuropilin , a type 1 transmembrane protein implicated in aspects of neurodevelopment , is a Sema 3 receptor . ^^^ Semaphorin 3 ( Sema 3 ) is a secreted protein that in vitro causes neuronal growth cone collapse and chemorepulsion of neurites , and in vivo is required for correct sensory afferent innervation and other aspects of development . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Similarly to SemD , the secreted semaphorins SemA and SemE display repulsive properties that are regulated by processing . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neuropilin 2 , a novel member of the neuropilin family , is a high affinity receptor for the semaphorins Sema E and Sema 4 but not Sema 3 . ^^^ Neuropilin ( neuropilin 1 ) was recently identified as a receptor for Collapsin 1 / Semaphorin III / D ( Sema 3 ) . ^^^ Unlike neuropilin 1 , which binds with high affinity to the three structurally related semaphorins Sema 3 , Sema E , and Sema 4 , neuropilin 2 shows high affinity binding only to Sema E and Sema 4 , not Sema 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The functions are not known , with the exception of those of sema 3 ( also referred as sem D and collapsin 1 ) , D sema 1 , and D sema 2 , which have been shown to be involved in axonal pathfinding . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These sites provide a substrate for the collapsin 1 dependent patterning of non neuronal tissues perturbed in sema 3 ( / ) mice . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Genetic studies in Drosophila have revealed a role for semaphorins in axon guidance and synapse formation , and several in vitro studies in mice have demonstrated a dramatic chemorepellent effect of semaphorin 3 ( Sema 3 ) on the axons of several populations of neurons . ^^^ To investigate the function of Sema 3 during in vivo axon guidance in the mammalian CNS , we studied the development of axonal projections in mutant mice lacking Sema 3 . ^^^ Projections were studied for which either the in vitro evidence suggests a role for Sema 3 in axon guidance ( e . g . , cerebellar mossy fibers , thalamocortical axons , or cranial motor neurons ) or the in vivo expression suggests a role for Sema 3 in axon guidance ( e . g . , cerebellar Purkinje cells , neocortex ) . ^^^ We find that many major axonal projections , including climbing fiber , mossy fiber , thalamocortical , and basal forebrain projections and cranial nerves , develop normally in the absence of Sema 3 . ^^^ Despite its in vitro function and in vivo expression , it appears as if Sema 3 is not absolutely required for the formation of many major CNS tracts . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Microscopic gradients of Collapsin 1 / Semaphorin III / D ( Sema 3 ) and myelin associated glycoprotein trigger repulsive turning responses by growth cones of cultured Xenopus spinal neurons ; the repulsion can be converted to attraction by pharmacological activation of the guanosine 3 ' , 5 ' monophosphate ( cGMP ) and adenosine 3 ' , 5 ' monophosphate signaling pathways , respectively . ^^^ Sema 3 also causes the collapse of cultured rat sensory growth cones , which can be inhibited by activation of the cGMP pathway . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The secreted semaphorins Sema 3 and Sema 4 and their receptors Neuropilin 1 and 2 are expressed in the hippocampal formation during appropriate stages . ^^^ Sema 3 and Sema 4 strongly repel CA 1 , CA 3 and dentate gyrus axons ; entorhinal axons are only repelled by Sema 3 . ^^^ An antibody against Neuropilin 1 blocks the repulsive action of Sema 3 and the entorhinal cortex , but has no effect on Sema 4 induced repulsion . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To explore a role for chemorepulsive axon guidance mechanisms in the regeneration of primary olfactory axons , we examined the expression of the chemorepellent semaphorin 3 ( sema 3 ) , its receptor neuropilin 1 , and collapsin response mediator protein 2 ( CRMP 2 ) during regeneration of the olfactory system . ^^^ Sema 3 mRNA is expressed in pial sheet cells and in second order olfactory neurons that are the target cells of neuropilin 1 positive primary olfactory axons . ^^^ These data suggest that in the intact olfactory bulb sema 3 creates a molecular barrier , which helps restrict ingrowing olfactory axons to the nerve and glomerular layers of the bulb . ^^^ After axotomy , sema 3 mRNA is transiently induced in cells at the site of the lesion . ^^^ In contrast to the transient appearance of sema 3 positive cells at the lesion site after axotomy , sema 3 positive cells increase progressively after bulbectomy , apparently preventing regenerating neuropilin 1 positive nerve bundles from growing deeper into the lesion area . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neuropilin 1 is a receptor for Sema 3 . ^^^ The extracellular complement binding ( CUB ) and coagulation factor domains of neuropilin 2 confer specificity to the Sema 4 repulsive response , and these domains of neuropilin 1 are necessary and sufficient for binding of the Sema 3 semaphorin ( sema ) domain . ^^^ The coagulation factor domains alone are necessary and sufficient for binding of the Sema 3 immunoglobulin ( Ig ) basic domain and the unrelated ligand , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neuropilin 1 and neuropilin 2 show specificity in binding to different class 3 semaphorins , including Sema 3 , Sema E , and Sema 4 , suggesting that the specificity of action of these semaphorins is dictated by the complement of neuropilins expressed by responsive neurons . ^^^ In support of this , we show that sympathetic axons coexpress neuropilin 1 and 2 , that their responses to Sema 3 , Sema E , and Sema 4 are affected in predicted ways by antibodies to neuropilin 1 , and that neuropilin 1 and 2 can form homo and heterooligomers through an interaction involving at least partly the neuropilin MAM ( meprin , A 5 , mu ) domain . ^^^ These results support the idea that in sympathetic axons , the Sema 3 signal is mediated predominantly by neuropilin 1 oligomers , the Sema 4 signal by neuropilin 2 oligomers , and the Sema E signal by neuropilin 1 and 2 , either as homo or heterooligomers . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Interestingly , simultaneous perturbation of both secreted Sema 2a and transmembrane Sema 1 results in a broader range and increased incidence of abnormal Ti pioneer axon phenotypes , indicating that different semaphorin family members can provide functionally distinct guidance information to the same growth cone in vivo . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This study evaluates the expression of the chemorepellent semaphorin 3 ( D ) / collapsin 1 ( sema 3 ) following lesions to the rat CNS . ^^^ Scar tissue , formed after penetrating injuries to the lateral olfactory tract ( LOT ) , cortex , perforant pathway , and spinal cord , contained numerous spindle shaped cells expressing high levels of sema 3 mRNA . ^^^ Most sema 3 mRNA positive cells were located in the core of the scar and expressed proteins characteristic for fibroblast like cells . ^^^ Neuropilin 1 , a sema 3 receptor , was expressed in injured neurons with projections to the lesion site , in a subpopulation of scar associated cells and in blood vessels around the scar . ^^^ In contrast to lesions made in the mature CNS , LOT transection in neonates did not induce sema 3 mRNA expression within cells in the lesion and was followed by vigorous axonal regeneration . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| SemA and SemE are related to SemD and bind to NP 1 , but do not repulse DRG axons . ^^^ SemA and SemE block SemD binding to NP 1 and abolish SemD repulsion in axons expressing NP 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Sema 3 , a member of the Class 3 semaphorins is a potent chemorepulsive signal for subsets of sensory axons and steers them away from tissue regions with high levels of expression . ^^^ Previous studies in mutant mice lacking sema 3 gene showed various neural and nonneural abnormalities . ^^^ In this study , we focused on the developing trigeminal pathway of sema 3 knockout mice . ^^^ Furthermore , sema 3 receptor , neuropilin , is expressed during a short period of development when the tract is laid down , but not in the developing thalamocortical pathway . ^^^ Our observations suggest that sema 3 plays a limited role during restriction of developing trigeminal axons to proper pathways and tracts . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , Sema A and Sema 4 , but not Sema 3 , Sema E , or Sema H , are able to orient in vitro the growth of olfactory bulb axons ; Sema 4 has a strong repulsive action , whereas Sema A appears to attract those axons . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Semaphorin 3A ( Sema 3A ; previously known as semaphorin 3 , semaphorin D , and collapsin 1 ) , a secreted subtype of the semaphorin family , is an important axonal guidance molecule in vitro and in vivo . ^^^ Semaphorin 3A ( Sema 3A ; previously known as semaphorin 3 , semaphorin D , and collapsin 1 ) , a secreted subtype of the semaphorin family , is an important axonal guidance molecule in vitro and in vivo . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Sema3A ( Sema 3 , SemD , collapsin 1 ) can induce neuronal growth cone collapse and axon repulsion of distinct neuronal populations . ^^^ Sema3A ( Sema 3 , SemD , collapsin 1 ) can induce neuronal growth cone collapse and axon repulsion of distinct neuronal populations . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here , we show that Sema 3 signals are transduced equally effectively by PlexinA 1 or PlexinA 2 , but not by PlexinA 3 . ^^^ Both the sema portion and the remainder of the ectodomain of PlexinA 1 associate with NP 1 in a Sema3A independent fashion . ^^^ Plexin A 1 is autoinhibited by its sema domain , and Sema3A / NP1 releases this inhibition . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we show that growth cones acquire responsiveness to semaphorin 3A ( Sema 3A ) with age and that the onset of responsiveness correlates with the appearance of NP 1 immunoreactivity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Semaphorin 3A ( Sema 3A ) , a molecule that inhibits axonal growth , activates GSK 3 at the leading edge of neuronal growth cones and in Sema 3A responsive human breast cancer cells , suggesting that GSK 3 activity might play a role in coupling Sema 3A signaling to changes in cell motility . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| More recently sema 3 molecules have been identified as positive factors in dependence of the type of neurons . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we report that the Rac GTPase activating protein ( GAP ) alpha 2 chimaerin is involved in Semaphorin 3A ( Sema 3A ) signaling . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neuropilin 1 and Plexin A 1 are cell surface proteins that form a receptor complex for Semaphorin 3A ( Sema 3A ) , a secreted molecule mediating repelling signals for axonal growth cones . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recently determined crystal structures of two semaphorins ( SEMA3A and SEMA4D ) and the MET receptor have shown that the sema domain consists of a highly conserved variant form of the seven blade beta propeller fold . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recent implication of Sema 3 family members in tumor angiogenesis and our expression analysis of Sema 6A 1 suggested that class 6 Semaphorin might effect tumor neovascularization . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This directed growth may rely on semaphorins or other matrix proteins because targeted ablation of the sema 3 docking site on the sema receptor Npn 1 results in targeting errors of fibers even in the presence of hair cells and BDNF . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To determine the effects of EC derived sema 3 on sympathetic axons , axon outgrowth was assessed in cultures of neonatal sympathetic ganglia grown for 72 h in the absence and presence of vascular EC . ^^^ ECs did not inhibit axon growth in the presence of an antibody that neutralized the activity of sema 3 ( P > 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ RT PCR and Western analyses confirmed that rat aortic vascular ECs expressed semaphorin 3A as well as other class 3 semaphorins ( sema 3s ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Phylogenetic analysis indicates that lamprey Sema 3 and Sema 4 represent precursor genes existing prior to the origin of the vertebrate Sema3A G and Sema4A G subfamilies . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It turns out that paracrine secretion of class 3 SEMA ( SEMA 3 ) by nonendothelial tissues cooperates with vascular endothelial growth factor in regulating EC precursor migration and assembly during vasculogenesis and funnels navigating blood vessel through tissue boundaries during sprouting angiogenesis . ^^^ Autocrine loops of endothelial SEMA 3 instead appears to regulate vascular remodeling , which occurs through blood vessel intussusception and fusion . ^^^ SEMA 3 activity both on the vascular and nervous systems relies upon their ability to hamper the affinity of integrin receptors towards ECM ligands . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Class 3 semaphorins ( sema 3 ) are secreted guidance proteins . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Following up on that initial observation , we have now used real time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to demonstrate induction of genes encoding neuropilin 1 ( NP 1 ) , which , like NP 2 , serves as a coreceptor for members of the class 3 semaphorin family of axonal guidance molecules and of five of the six known class 3 semaphorins ( Sema3A , Sema3B , Sema3C , Sema3E , and Sema3F , but not Sema3D ) in crushed or transected sciatic nerves . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13214 and Q14563 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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