| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.6317533 |
| Corticotropin releasing hormone ( Crh ) , a 41 residue polypeptide , activates two G protein coupled receptors , Crhr 1 and Crhr 2 , causing ( among other transductional events ) phosphorylation of the transcription factor Creb . 0.6317533^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.68205147 |
| Corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) and urocortins ( Ucn ) bind with various affinities to two G protein coupled receptors , CRHR 1 and CRHR 2 , which are expressed in brain and in peripheral tissues , including immune cells . 0.68205147^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.56173002 |
| A second member of the CRF receptor family encoding a 411 amino acid rat brain protein with approximately 70 % homology to CRF 1 has recently been identified ( designated as CRF 2 ) ; there exists an additional splice variant of the CRF 2 receptor with a different N terminal domain encoding a protein of 431 amino acids . 0.56173002^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.57631039 |
| In contrast , all the urocortins bind with high affinities , and CRF binds with lower affinity to CRFR 2 . 0.57631039^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The role of CRF 2 receptors in corticotropin releasing factor and urocortin induced anorexia . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The characteristics of a high affinity antagonist radioligand are compared with those a high affinity agonist in binding to the cloned corticotropin releasing factor receptor type 1 ( CRF R 1 ) and type 2 ( CRF R 2 ) and to the native receptors that exist in rat cerebellum and brain stem . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Urocortin , a new mammalian member of the corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) family has been proposed to be the endogenous ligand for CRF receptor 2 ( CRF R 2 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have recently described the cloning and characterization of a novel corticotropin releasing factor receptor subtype ( CRF 2 ) from rat brain that exists in two alternatively spliced forms , CRF 2 alpha and CRF 2 beta . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present study reports the isolation of a cDNA clone that encodes a second member of the corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) receptor family , designated as the CRF 2 receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) receptors encoded by two distinct genes have recently been identified and termed CRF 1 and CRF 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A new functional isoform of the human CRF 2 receptor for corticotropin releasing factor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing factor CRF 1 , but not CRF 2 , receptors mediate anxiogenic like behavior . ^^^ The recent identification and differential localization in brain of three binding sites for corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) like peptides ( CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors as well as CRF binding protein ) suggest the existence of functionally distinct neurobiological systems which mediate CRF activation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing factor receptor type 2 ( CRF 2 ) messenger ribonucleic acid levels in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus of the infant rat are reduced by maternal deprivation . ^^^ Expression of corticotropin releasing factor receptor type 2 ( CRF 2 ) has been demonstrated in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus ( VMH ) of the adult and developing rat , but the physiological functions of VMH CRF 2 have not been elucidated . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The developmental profile of the corticotropin releasing factor receptor ( CRF 2 ) in rat brain predicts distinct age specific functions . ^^^ Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) activates two known receptor types , CRF 1 , and CRF 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Abnormal signaling at corticotropin releasing factor CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors might contribute to the pathophysiology of stress related disorders such as anxiety , depression and eating disorders , in addition to cardiac and inflammatory disorders . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 is a tonic suppressor of vascularization . ^^^ Corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 ( CRFR 2 ) is found in both endothelial and smooth muscle cells ( SMCs ) in the vasculature , where its function has remained elusive . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVE : Corticotropin releasing factor receptor type 2 ( CRF R 2 ) messenger RNA ( mRNA ) expression in the rodent heart or vessels is modulated by exposure to urocortin and glucocorticoids . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Differential regulation of the expression of corticotropin releasing factor receptor type 2 ( CRF 2 ) in hypothalamus and amygdala of the immature rat by sensory input and food intake . ^^^ The physiological consequences of activating corticotropin releasing factor receptor type 2 ( CRF 2 ) are not fully understood . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| From brain , heart and muscle tissue of the tree shrew ( Tupaia belangeri ) , a higher order mammal , cDNA clones were isolated that encoded two functional splice variants of the corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) type 2 receptor ( CRF R 2 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two different corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) receptors , CRF 1 and CRF 2 , have been identified in rat and human brain . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The differential modulation of learning and anxiety by corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) through CRF receptor subtypes 1 ( CRFR 1 ) and 2 ( CRFR 2 ) is demonstrated . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Histochemical and axonal transport methods were used to clarify the central organization of cells and fibers that express urocortin ( UCN ) , a recently discovered corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) related neuropeptide , which has been proposed as an endogenous ligand for type 2 CRF receptors ( CRF R 2 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We analysed the influence of oxygen glucose deprivation ( OGD ) on the expression of corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) receptors ( CRF R 1 and CRF R 2 ) in fetal hippocampal neurons in vitro . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND & AIMS : Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) exerts its action through CRF receptors 1 and 2 ( CRF R 1 and CRF R 2 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mice deficient for both corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1 ( CRFR 1 ) and CRFR 2 have an impaired stress response and display sexually dichotomous anxiety like behavior . ^^^ Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) and its family of peptides are critical coordinators of homeostasis whose actions are mediated through their receptors , CRF receptor 1 ( CRFR 1 ) and CRFR 2 , found throughout the CNS and periphery . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Stress mediated heart rate dynamics after deletion of the gene encoding corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 . ^^^ The objective of the present study was to investigate the potential role of corticotropin releasing factor receptor subtype 2 ( CRFR 2 ) in autonomic regulation of heart rate and heart rate variability under physiological conditions in conscious mice . ^^^ Pharmacological stimulation of the peripheral CRFR2beta by intraperitoneal injection of 200 ng human / rat corticotropin releasing factor yielded a sustained tachycardia in wildtype control ( CRFR2+ / + ) mice which was absent in CRFR 2 deficient ( CRFR 2 / ) mice . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Urocortin ( Ucn ) 3 , or stresscopin , is a high affinity ligand for the type 2 corticotropin releasing factor ( CRFR 2 ) receptor recently identified in rodents and human . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The down regulated 11 genes included mitochondrial ATP synthase beta subunit , mitochondrial H ( + ) transporting ATP synthase F 1 complex alpha subunit isoform 1 , liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 , glutathione S transferase mu type 2 , corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 , metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 , N methyl D aspartate receptor subtype 2B , muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M 3 , transmembrane receptor Unc5H1 , glycogen synthase kinase 3alpha , and Ca ( 2+ ) / calmodulin dependent protein kinase 2 beta subunit . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| An artificial peptide with corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 ( CRF R 2 ) selective properties : the role of primary structure in the induction of signal transduction pathways . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Development of a selective photoactivatable antagonist for corticotropin releasing factor receptor , type 2 ( CRF 2 ) . ^^^ A novel photoactivatable analog of antisauvagine 30 ( aSvg 30 ) , a specific antagonist for corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) receptor , type 2 ( CRF 2 ) , has been synthesized and characterized . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition to hypothalamic POMC and NPY expression , we determined the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 , all subtypes of leptin receptors , and corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 mRNA in PND 10 pups receiving either an acute ( PND 10 ) or a chronic ( PND 3 10 ) leptin ( 3 mg / kg BW , ip ) or vehicle treatment . ^^^ Chronic leptin increased corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 mRNA levels in the ventromedial hypothalamus . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A new role for corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 : suppression of vascularization . ^^^ Our recent data has described a novel role of corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 ( CRFR 2 ) as a tonic inhibitor of neovascularization . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The action of corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) is mediated by two recently identified receptors , CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 , that differ with respect to their anatomical distribution and pharmacologic ligand binding properties . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Non linear fractal analysis of cardiac interbeat time series was performed in corticotropin releasing factor receptor subtype 2 ( CRFR 2 ) deficient mice . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Anxiogenic like effect of corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 antisense oligonucleotides infused into rat brain . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) receptor families have been identified ( CRF 1 and CRF 2 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| As mediators of the stress response , corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) and its receptors ( CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 ) have been implicated in the propensity for developing stress related mood disorders . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Non linear fractal analysis of circadian 24 hr heartbeat interval time series was performed in corticotropin releasing factor receptor subtype 2 ( CRFR 2 ) deficient mice . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) like proteins act via two G protein coupled receptors ( CRF R 1 and CRF R 2 ) playing important neuromodulatory roles in stress responses and synaptic plasticity . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two receptors activated by the corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) family of peptides have been identified , the CRF 1 receptor ( CRF1R ) and the CRF 2 receptor ( CRF2R ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mitogen activated protein kinase signaling in the hippocampus and its modulation by corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 : a possible link between stress and fear memory . ^^^ We also investigated the role of hippocampal corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 ( CRF 2 ) in stress enhanced learning and molecular signaling mediated by PKA , Mek 1 / 2 , and their downstream targets extracellularly regulated kinases 1 and 2 ( Erk 1 / 2 ) and p 90 ribosomal s kinase 1 ( p90Rsk 1 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVE : To investigate whether genetic variation at the loci encoding the corticotropin releasing factor receptors 1 and 2 ( CRF R 1 and CRF R 2 ) contributes to human obesity . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The CRF system consists of two receptors , corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1 ( CRF1R ) and corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 ( CRF2R ) , a nonreceptor binding protein , and the peptide agonists of these receptors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Role of corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 in stress induced suppression of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in the rat . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cell type specific calcium signaling by corticotropin releasing factor type 1 ( CRF 1 ) and 2a ( CRF 2 ( a ) ) receptors : phospholipase C mediated responses in human embryonic kidney 293 but not SK N MC neuroblastoma cells . ^^^ The human corticotropin releasing factor ( hCRF ) receptors CRF 1 and CRF 2 ( a ) couple to the Gs protein . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Urocortin 1 has a high affinity for both corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) type 1 receptor ( CRF 1 ) and CRF type 2 receptor ( CRF 2 ) , and urocortins 2 and 3 have a high affinity for CRF 2 , while CRF has a low affinity for CRF 2 and a high affinity for CRF 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Urocortin 2 ( Ucn 2 ) and Ucn 3 are new members of the corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) family and bind selectively to the CRF type 2 receptor ( CRF 2 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition to urocortin ( Ucn 1 ) , Ucn 2 and Ucn 3 were identified as endogenous ligands for corticotropin releasing factor type 2 receptor ( CRF 2 receptor ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Effects of the corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) family of peptides are mediated through activation of two receptors , CRF receptor ( CRFR ) 1 and CRFR 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) like peptides mediate their effects via two receptor subtypes , CRF 1 and CRF 2 ; these receptors have functional implication in the motility of the stomach and colon in rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Effect of central corticotropin releasing factor on hepatic circulation in rats : the role of the CRF 2 receptor in the brain . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Peptide ligand binding properties of the corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) type 2 receptor : pharmacology of endogenously expressed receptors , G protein coupling sensitivity and determinants of CRF 2 receptor selectivity . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) and urocortin ( Ucn 1 ) are endogenous members among a family of CRF related peptides that activate two different and synaptically localized G protein coupled receptors , CRF 1 and CRF 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Peptides of the corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) family signal through the activation of two receptors , CRF receptor type 1 ( CRFR 1 ) and type 2 ( CRFR 2 ) , both of which exist as multiple splice variants . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| AIMS : To investigate the role of the endogenous urocortin peptides in heart failure ( HF ) through blockade of the corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 ( CRF R 2 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Elevated stress sensitivity in corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 deficient mice decreases maternal , but not intermale aggression . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) and its receptors ( CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 ) are the key regulators of the endocrine stress response and are critical in maintenance of organismal homeostasis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) is released in response to various types of stressors and mediates endocrine , autonomic , immune , and behavioral responses to stress through interaction with CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated the effects of peripheral injection of sauvagine , a CRF 2 > CRF 1 receptor ( corticotropin releasing factor ) agonist compared with CRF , on two sets of tonic colorectal distension ( CRDs 30 , 40 , 50 mmHg , 3 min on / off ) induced visceromotor response ( VMR ) measured as area under the curve ( AUC ) of abdominal muscle contraction in conscious female rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Urocortin 3 ( Ucn 3 ) or stresscopin ( SCP ) is a new member of the corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) neuropeptide family and is a specific ligand for CRF type 2 receptor ( CRF 2 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The urocortin 1 ( Ucn 1 ) neurons of the mid brain localized Edinger Westphal nucleus ( EW ) are robustly responsive to ethanol ( EtOH ) administration , and send projections to the dorsal raphe nucleus ( DRN ) , which contains corticotropin releasing factor type 2 receptors ( CRF 2 ) that are responsive to Ucn 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Macrophages express the Corticotropin Releasing Factor Receptor 2 ( CRFR 2 ) the endogenous agonists of which , the urocortins , are also present at the site of inflammation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The identification of the various elements of the Corticotropin Releasing Factor ( CRF ) system including the characterisation of four mammalian CRF related peptides , the cloning of two CRF receptor subtypes 1 and 2 ( CRF 1 ; CRF 2 ) and the development of selective CRF 1 receptor antagonists has allowed investigators to establish an important role for the CRF signalling pathways in coordinating the physiological and behavioural components of the stress response . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The objective of these studies was to examine the effect of corticotropin releasing factor receptor type 2 ( CRF 2 ) on ethanol consumption , conditioned taste aversion , sedation , and hypothermia . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated whether repeated ethanol exposure affects Ucn 1 and Ucn 1 responsive corticotropin releasing factor type 2 receptors ( CRF 2 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) is a 41 amino acid peptide with distinct effects on gastrointestinal motility involving both CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptor mediated mechanisms that are generally claimed to be centrally mediated . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Evidence supporting a role for corticotropin releasing factor type 2 ( CRF 2 ) receptors in the regulation of subpopulations of serotonergic neurons . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND AND AIMS : Activation of corticotropin releasing factor 1 ( CRF 1 ) receptors is involved in stress related responses and visceral pain , while activation of CRF 2 receptors dampens the endocrine and some behavioural stress responses . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) acts through CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors ( CRF 1 , CRF 2 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The actions of the corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) family of peptides are mediated by the seven transmembrane domain G protein coupled receptors , the CRF receptors type 1 ( CRF 1 receptor ) and type 2 ( CRF 2 receptor ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Peptide hormones are increasingly being evaluated for eating disorder treatment , including ghrelin agonists , neuropeptide Y 1 and 5 antagonists , orexin receptor antagonists , corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 antagonists , histamine 3 antagonists , melanocortin 4 receptor antagonists , beta 3 adrenoceptor agonists , 5 hydroxytryptamine 2A antagonists and growth hormone agonists . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A possible involvement of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a ( GHS R1a ) or the corticotropin releasing factor 2 ( CRF 2 ) receptor ( CRF2R ) , as a putative receptor for UAG , was also studied determining their mRNA expression and the functional effects of receptor antagonists on insulin release . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The endogenous corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) type 2 receptor ( CRFR 2 ) selective ligand urocortin 3 is expressed in discrete subcortical brain regions with fibers distributed mainly to hypothalamic and limbic structures . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| As it is likely that the influences of prenatal stress on development stem from a complex interaction between both environmental and genetic factors , our study has included comparisons with offspring born to stress sensitive ( corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 deficient ) mice . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Activation of corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 causes bronchorelaxation and inhibits pulmonary inflammation in mice . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) receptors , CRF R 1 and CRF R 2 , belong to the B 1 subfamily of G protein coupled Receptors ( GPCRs ) , including receptors for secretin , growth hormone releasing hormone ( GHRH ) , vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP ) , pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide ( PACAP ) , calcitonin , parathyroid hormone ( PTH ) , glucagon , and glucagon like peptide 1 ( GLP 1 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effect of lateral septum corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 activation on anxiety is modulated by stress . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Endotoxin regulates corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 in heart and skeletal muscle . ^^^ We tested the effect of endotoxin on the peripheral corticotropin releasing hormone receptor ( CRH R 2 ) , which is highly expressed in the heart . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mapping of the mouse corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 gene ( Crhr 2 ) to chromosome 6 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Novel subtype of corticotropin releasing hormone receptor ( CRHR ) , designated type 2 CRHR ( CRHR 2 ) , mRNA was expressed not only in the central nervous system but also in the peripheral tissues such as the heart and skeletal muscle . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We also studied the impact of these interventions on the levels of type 2 corticotropin releasing hormone receptor ( CRHR 2 ) mRNA in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus ( PVN ) and ventromedial hypothalamus ( VMH ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) is a potent anorectic neuropeptide , and its type 2 receptor ( CRHR 2 ) in the ventromedial hypothalamus ( VMH ) appears to play an important role in the expression of this anorectic effect . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Candidate genes for mediation of this phenotype include Ghrhr ( growth hormone releasing hormone receptor ) , Crhr 2 ( corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 ) , and Cd8a ( an epitope on cytotoxic T lymphocytes ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A novel subtype of corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) receptor , designated type 2 CRH receptor ( CRHR 2 ) , has been cloned by a number of laboratories , and its mRNA has been found to be distributed not only in the brain but in peripheral tissues such as heart and skeletal muscle . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Gene based SNP genetic association study of the corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 ( CRHR 2 ) in major depression . ^^^ Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 ( CRHR 2 ) deficient mice display a stress sensitive and anxiety like phenotype suggesting that the CRHR 2 is a plausible functional candidate gene influencing the reactivity of the HPA axis and therefore the liability to develop affective disorders . ^^^ In this study , a gene based single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) map of the corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 ( CRHR 2 ) was constructed containing one synonymous cSNP in exon 10 , two intronic SNPs , and two SNPs in the 5 ' upstream regulatory region . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) , known as a key regulator of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis response to stress , elicits its biological effects by binding to two membrane receptors ( CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The intermediate portion of the lateral septum ( LSi ) contains high levels of urocortin ( UCN ) peptide and type 2 corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) receptor ( CRHR 2 ) and has anatomic and functional connections with the lateral hypothalamus ( LH ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVE : The aim of our study was to determine whether a difference exists in expression of corticotropin releasing hormone receptor R 1 ( CRH R 1 ) and corticotropin releasing hormone receptor R 2 ( CRH R 2 ) in fetal membranes of preterm and term women with or without labor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The actions of corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) and the related peptides are coordinated by two receptors , CRH receptor type 1 ( CRH R 1 ) and CRH receptor type 2 ( CRH R 2 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Abnormal adaptations to stress and impaired cardiovascular function in mice lacking corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 . ^^^ The actions of corticotropin releasing hormone ( Crh ) , a mediator of endocrine and behavioural responses to stress , and the related hormone urocortin ( Ucn ) are coordinated by two receptors , Crhr 1 ( encoded by Crhr ) and Crhr 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mice deficient for corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 display anxiety like behaviour and are hypersensitive to stress . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunocytes from the mollusc Mytilus galloprovincialis express corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) receptor subtype ( CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 ) like mRNAs . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Urocortin ( Ucn ) 2 and 3 , homologous peptides of Ucn that are specific ligands for corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) type 2 receptor ( CRH R 2 ) , have recently been identified . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this article real time quantitative RT PCR strategies for investigation of mRNA distribution in stress related corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) , CRH binding protein ( CRH BP ) , and CRH receptors ( CRH R 1 , CRH R 2 ) in human gestational tissues are described . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Regulation of corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 expression in human cord blood derived cultured mast cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Association between corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 ( CRHR 2 ) gene polymorphism and personality traits . ^^^ Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 ( CRHR 2 ) is one of the receptors that mediate CRH signal . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We studied 24 patients with end stage chronic renal failure not treated with hemodialysis ( CRF 1 ) and 16 patients on regular hemodialysis ( CRF 2 ) , to investigate the digestive , absorptive and morphological aspects of the small intestinal mucosa . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two CRF receptor subtypes ( CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors ) with distinct brain localizations and pharmacological profiles have recently been cloned and characterized . ^^^ For the CRF 2 receptor subtype , at least 2 splice forms with different 5 ' coding sequences ( CRF 2 alpha and CRF 2 beta ) have been identified in rat . ^^^ In this article , we report the genomic structure and the corresponding complementary DNA ( cDNA ) sequence of the human CRF 2 receptor . ^^^ The gene coding for human CRF 2 receptor consists of at least 12 exons and spans approximately 30 kilobases . ^^^ The cDNA sequence in the protein coding region is 94 % identical to that of the reported rat CRF 2 alpha receptor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Detection of corticotropin releasing hormone receptors R 1 and R 2 ( CRH R 1 , CRH R 2 ) using fluorescence immunohistochemistry in the myometrium of women delivering preterm or at term . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recently , corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) within the DRN has been implicated in the development of LH because intra DRN CRH produces LH at very high doses , and because intra DRN antagonists for the CRH 2 receptor ( CRHR 2 ) block LH . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Activation of corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) receptor 2 ( CRH R 2 ) reduces visceral sensitivity induced by colorectal distension in conscious rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this article , Derek Chalmers and colleagues highlight the major differences between the two classes of CRF receptors , CRF 1 and CRF 2 , and a functionally related CRF binding protein , and discuss the relevance of these sites to the ongoing development of CRF based therapeutics . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Subjects with CRF were divided into two groups : without ( CRF 1 ; nine patients ) or with ( CRF 2 ; 11 patients ) autonomic neuropathy . ^^^ MIBG scintigrams showed decreased heart / mediastinum mean count rate , a high defect score in both initial and delayed images , and rapid clearance rate in the CRF 2 group . ^^^ PSA showed an abnormally low percent low frequency power and high frequency power in the CRF 2 group . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present study therefore investigated the effect of acute immobilization stress on the distribution of the recently cloned CRF receptor ( CRF 1 , CRF 2 alpha , and CRF 2 beta ) genes in the ovaries of adult cycling female rats ( 200 250 g ; 14 h light , lights on at 0600 h ) . ^^^ Frozen ovaries were mounted on a microtome , cut into 30 microns slices , and then processed for the detection of mRNAs encoding CRF 1 , CRF 2 alpha , or CRF 2 beta receptors by in situ hybridization histochemistry using 35S labeled riboprobes . ^^^ On the other hand , CRF 2 alpha and CRF 2 beta receptor mRNAs were undetectable both in control and stressed animals throughout the estrous cycle . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Urocortin , a neuropeptide related to CRF , binds with high affinity to the CRF 2 receptor , is more potent than CRF in suppressing appetite , but is less potent than CRF in producing anxiety like effects and activation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Strong basal levels of CRF 1 receptor transcript were detected in multiple regions of the brain , whereas CRF 2 alpha receptor message was highly localized in few structures of the limbic system and positive signal for CRF 2 beta receptor mRNA was observed only in the choroid plexus . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In cells transfected with two types of cloned CRF receptors , the intracellular cAMP response to [ D Pro 5 ] human / rat CRF was equipotent to human / rat CRF in the heart muscle CRF ( CRF 2 beta ) receptor assay but was five times less potent than human / rat CRF in the pituitary central nervous system CRF ( CRF 1 ) receptor assay . ^^^ We conclude that changing residue Pro 5 in the CRF molecule from a L to a D configuration confers selectivity by decreasing second messenger activation at the CRF 1 receptor whilst retaining full potency at the CRF 2 beta receptor . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This increase in the level of receptor transcription by CRF was restricted to the type 1 receptor subtype because the hybridization signal for the CRF 2 alpha receptor mRNA was unaffected in the brain regions in which it was located . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two CRF receptors , CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 , have recently been cloned and characterized . ^^^ CRFR 1 shares 70 % sequence identity with CRFR 2 , yet has much higher affinity for rat / human CRF ( r / hCRF ) than CRFR 2 . ^^^ As a first step toward understanding the interactions between rat / human CRF and its receptor , the regions that are involved in receptor ligand binding and / or receptor activation were determined by using chimeric receptor constructs of the two human CRFR subtypes , CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 , followed by generating point mutations of the receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The second full length cDNA isolated from Xenopus brain and heart encoded a 413 amino acid protein with approximately 81 % identity to the alpha variant of mammalian CRF receptor , type 2 ( CRF R 2 ) . ^^^ No evidence could be obtained that the beta variant of CRF R 2 existed in Xenopus laevis . ^^^ Binding studies using human embryonic kidney 293 ( HEK 293 ) cells stably transfected with xenopus CRF R 2 showed that the CRF analogues urotensin 1 , urocortin , and sauvagine were bound with higher affinities than human / rat CRF , xenopus CRF , and ovine CRF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Autoradiographic localization of CRF 1 and CRF 2 binding sites in adult rat brain . ^^^ The regional distribution of corticotropin releasing factor 1 ( CRF 1 ) and CRF 2 binding sites was assessed autoradiographically in adult rat brain . ^^^ The differential pharmacological profiles of the CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptor subtypes were used for the discrimination of the CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptor subtypes in rat brain . ^^^ Pharmacological characterization at the rat CRF 2 receptor subtype expressed in CHO cells showed a rank order affinity for the peptide agonists such that sauvagine , urotensin 1 and rat / human CRF showed high affinity binding whereas ovine CRF had a Ki value of 300 nM . ^^^ Based on this differential binding affinity for ovine CRF , [ 125I ] sauvagine binding in the presence of increasing concentrations of ovine CRF was used to discriminate CRF 1 from CRF 2 receptor subtypes in rat brain . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both of the characterized members of the CRF receptor family ( CRF 1 and CRF 2 ) , are found in the amygdala , site of origin of CRF induced seizures , and may therefore mediate these seizures . ^^^ Urocortin , a novel peptide activating both types of CRF receptors in vitro , but with preferential affinity for CRF 2 receptors in vivo , produced seizures with a lower potency than CRF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two biochemically and pharmacologically distinct CRF receptor subtypes ( CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 ) have been described . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We report the discovery of a new CRF 2 receptor splice isoform found in human brain , which we have termed the CRF2gamma receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| There was no apparent relationship between potency / affinity at CRF 2 receptors and effects in these two tests . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The results suggest that urocortin induces relaxation of cerebral arteries by activating CRF R 2 receptors present in the vascular wall . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The CRF receptors , CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 , are members of the G protein coupled receptor superfamily . ^^^ Despite their considerable sequence similarity , CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 have quite different affinities for the peptide ligand rat / human CRF . ^^^ Previous studies using chimeric receptors between human CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 have identified three potentially important regions in the second and third extracellular domains of CRF receptor for the binding of rat / human CRF . ^^^ These data could , at least in part , account for the much higher affinity of CRFR 2 for urocortin and sauvagine compared with rat / human CRF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Labelling of CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors using the novel radioligand , [ 3H ] urocortin . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The rank order of potency of the natural CRF agonists , hCRF , ovine CRF , sauvagine , and urotensin , corresponded to that of their activities on CRF R 1 in rat pituitary cells and also to that reported for this receptor , but not for CRF R 2 , when transfected into various cell lines . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It binds with a high affinity to CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors , resulting in the stimulation of their adenylate cyclase activity . ^^^ The distribution of urocortin ir overlapped with the expression of the mRNA for the CRF 2 receptor in several brain areas . ^^^ These data support the hypothesis that this peptide is the endogenous ligand for the CRF 2 receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Central CRF inhibits gastric emptying of a nutrient solid meal in rats : the role of CRF 2 receptors . ^^^ The nonselective CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptor antagonist , astressin , injected i . c . completely blocked the inhibitory effect of i . c . ^^^ These data show that central CRF and CRF related peptides are potent inhibitors of gastric emptying of a solid meal with a rank order of potency characteristic of the CRF 2 receptor subtype affinity ( sauvagine > urotensin 1 > CRF ) . ^^^ In addition , the reversal by astressin but not by the CRF 1 selective receptor antagonist further supports the view that the CRF 2 receptor subtype is primarily involved in central CRF induced delayed gastric emptying . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ucn activates CRF receptors ( both CRF R 1 and CRF R 2 ) with greater potency than CRF itself , suggesting that Ucn may play an endogenous role in eliciting ( at least some ) CRF receptor mediated events . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The following experimental groups were studied : CRF 1 ( 5 / 6 nephrectomized virgin female rats ) , CRF 2 ( 5 / 6 nephrectomized pregnant rats at day 20 21 of pregnancy ) , CRF 3 ( 5 / 6 nephrectomized rats 2 weeks after delivery ) and their respective sham operated control groups : N 1 , N 2 and N 3 . ^^^ The pregnancy in CRF rats ( CRF 2 ) resulted in normalization of serum iPTH levels ( 18 . 2+ / 5 . 41 pg / ml ) , which was associated with a parallel increase in serum calcitriol ( 29 . 4+ / 8 . 0 pg / ml ) similar to that in pregnancy of normal rats ( N 2 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A novel series of derivatives of oxo 7H benzo [ e ] perimidine 4 carboxylic acid ( 1 ) potently displaced radioligand binding of 125I CRF to both CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors . ^^^ These are the first nonpeptide antagonists to show activity at both CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The inhibition of gastric emptying by CRF may be mediated by the interaction with the CRF 2 receptors , while the anxiogenic and colonic motor responses may involve CRF 1 receptors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A recently cloned related peptide , Urocortin ( Ucn ) , appears to have similar affinity for the CRF 1 receptor , but higher affinity at the CRF 2 receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These fall into three distinct classes , encoded by three different genes and have been termed the CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors ( belonging to the superfamily of G protein coupled receptors ) and the CRF binding protein . ^^^ The CRF 2 receptor exists as three splice variants of the same gene and have been designated CRF2a CRF2b and CRF2g . ^^^ While the natural mammalian ligands oCRF and r / hCRF have high affinity for the CRF 1 receptor subtype , they have lower affinity for the CRF 2 receptor family making them ineffective labels for CRF 2 receptors . [ 125I ] Sauvagine has been characterized as a high affinity ligand for both the CRF 1 and the CRF 2 receptor subtypes and has been used in both radioligand binding and receptor autoradiographic studies as a tool to aid in the discovery of selective small molecule receptor antagonists . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Human CRF 2 alpha and beta splice variants : pharmacological characterization using radioligand binding and a luciferase gene expression assay . ^^^ These receptors are classified into two subtypes ( CRF 1 and CRF 2 ) . ^^^ Two isoforms belonging to the CRF 2 subtype receptors , CRF2alpha and CRF2beta , have been identified in rat and man . ^^^ Taken together , these results indicate that the pharmacological profiles of the CRF 2 splice variants are identical . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both fish neuropeptides possessed an order of magnitude less potency than human urocortin in CRF R 2 transfected cells . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In cyclic AMP stimulation and CRF binding assays , it was established that different extracellular regions of CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 conferred their ligand selectivities . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Our study shows for the first time that HUVEC express CRF messenger ribonucleic acid and peptide as well as the CRF R 2 gene , and that CRF release is differentially regulated by several distinct molecules . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two distinct CRF receptor subtypes , CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 , are thought to mediate CRF actions in the CNS . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A slight signal for CRF 2 receptor mRNA was also observed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunohistochemical staining using CRF receptor antibodies revealed the presence of both type 1 ( CRF R 1 ) and type 2 ( CRF R 2 ) receptors for CRF in the majority of islet cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The level of expression varied from 103 fmol / mg membrane protein to 1842 fmol / mg membrane protein ( rat CRF 1 receptors and rat CRF 2 receptors , respectively ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing the human CRF 1 or CRF 2 receptor were perfused in the Cytosensor with bicarbonate free Hams F 12 ( pH 7 . 4 ) containing 0 . 2 % bovine serum albumin . ^^^ CP 154 , 526 was a competitive antagonist at the CRF 1 receptor ( pK ( B ) = 8 . 17 + / 0 . 05 , n = 6 ) , but was inactive at the CRF 2 receptor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These peptides bind with different affinities to two subtypes of CRF receptor ( CRFR ) , CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 . ^^^ In response to stressful stimuli or after local injection of high CRF doses , CRFR 2 mediates anxiety . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| An additional CRF like neuropeptide , urocortin , has been identified in the brain and has a high affinity for the CRF 2 receptor in addition to the CRF 1 receptor . ^^^ Results to date have led to the hypothesis that CRF 1 receptors may mediate CRF like neuropeptide effects on behavioral responses to stressors , but CRF 2 receptors may mediate the suppression of feeding produced by CRF like neuropeptides . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRF elicited intracellular cyclic AMP ( cAMP ) accumulation in AtT 20 cells which express the CRF 1 receptor but not the CRF 2 receptor , and COS 7 cells expressing CRF 1 or CRF2alpha receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two CRF receptors , encoded by distinct genes , CRF R 1 and CRF R 2 , and that can exist in two alternatively spliced forms , have been cloned . ^^^ In the rodent , one splice variant of the type 2 receptor , CRF R 2 alpha , is expressed mainly in the brain , whereas the other variant , CRF R 2 beta , is found not only in the CNS , but also in cardiac and skeletal muscle , epididymis , and the gastrointestinal tract . ^^^ The poor correlation between the sites of expression of CRF R 2 and CRF , as well as the relatively low affinity of CRF for CRF R 2 , suggested the presence of another ligand , whose existence was confirmed in our cloning of urocortin . ^^^ On the basis of its greater affinity for urocortin , in comparison with CRF , as well as its brain distribution , CRF R 2 may be the cognate receptor for urocortin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of CRF R 2 , the other major CRF receptor subtype , was not down regulated significantly by withdrawal in any of the regions examined , although morphine alone significantly increased levels of this receptor subtype . ^^^ Taken together , the behavioral and receptor regulation findings indicate that CRF R 1 is the primary mediator of the actions of the CRF system on opiate withdrawal , although it is possible that CRF R 2 contributes to the response . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Unique sites of CRF R 2 expression were relatively unresponsive to CRF but were more so after icv administration of urocortin ( UCN ) , a new mammalian CRF related peptide . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| At least two CRF receptors have been discovered to date , CRF 1 and CRF 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two distinct CRF receptors ( CRF R 1 and CRF R 2 ) have been characterized : CRF R 1 consists of two isoforms ( CRF R1alpha and CRF R1beta ) while CRF R 2 has at least three different splice variants ( CRF R2alpha , CRF R2beta and CRF R2gamma ) . ^^^ To date , CRF R 1 receptor has been identified in human placenta and in pregnant myometrium , while no evidence for placental CRF R 2 receptor isoforms has been provided . ^^^ The present study investigated whether the different isoforms of CRF R 1 and CRF R 2 receptor mRNA are expressed in fetal membranes and placenta . ^^^ In addition , among the three CRF R 2 splice variants , only CRF R2beta mRNA was expressed by trophoblast and fetal membranes . ^^^ By using in situ hybridization , CRF R 1 and CRF R 2 probes positively hybridized trophoblast and related membranes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRF receptor type 2 ( CRF R 2 ) messenger RNA ( mRNA ) expression in the rodent heart is modulated by exposure to both the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) and glucocorticoids . ^^^ Incubation with CRF R 2 ligands or dexamethasone reduced CRF R2beta mRNA levels . ^^^ The multifactorial regulation of CRF R2beta mRNA expression in the cardiovascular system may serve to limit the inotropic and chronotropic effects of CRF R 2 agonists such as urocortin during prolonged physical or immune challenge . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two distinct CRF receptor subtypes , CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 , are thought to mediate CRF actions in the central nervous system . ^^^ These results support an important role for CRFR 1 in mediating CRF induced locomotor activation , whereas other receptor subtypes , likely CRFR 2 , may mediate the appetite suppressing effects of CRF like peptides . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The anorectic effects of CRF and UCN were not blocked by the CRF 1 receptor antagonist antalarmin , suggesting that the peripheral effects of CRF and UCN on food intake are mediated primarily by the CRF 2 receptor . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These fall into three distinct classes , encoded by three different genes and have been termed the CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors and the CRF binding protein . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Given the multiple immunomodulatory effects of peripherally administered CRF and UCN and the high levels of CRF receptor type 2 ( CRF R 2 ) mRNA and protein expressed in the heart , the lymphoid organs and heart have become targets for some of the latest CRF related research . ^^^ Following on from these initial results , we used semi quantitative RT PCR to carry out a comprehensive study assessing the relative amounts of CRF , UCN , CRF R 1 , CRF R 2 and CRF BP mRNAs in the brain , thymus , spleen and heart of normal , untreated rats . ^^^ The rank orders of mRNA abundance in each of the tissue types were as follows : for CRF , brain > > thymus=spleen=heart ; for UCN , heart > / =brain > thymus > spleen ; for CRFR 1 , brain > > thymus > spleen ( absent in heart ) ; for CRF R 2 , brain=heart > thymus > spleen ; and CRF BP was only detectable in the brain . ^^^ We have provided evidence for the existence of CRF , UCN , CRF R 1 and CRF R 2 expression in resting immune cells , with UCN expression being particularly predominant in the rat thymus and human Jurkat cells . ^^^ Additionally , the high levels of UCN mRNA detected in heart corresponded to the high expression of CRF R 2 mRNA , suggesting an important role for UCN / CRF R 2 coupling in this tissue . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 , the receptors for CRF and Ucn , are expressed in neurons associated with appetite control and metabolism , but their relative contributions in mediating CRF or Ucn induced hypophagia and weight loss are not known . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Seventy one patients ( 42 males , 29 females ) aged 60 + / 19 years with chronic renal failure ( CRF ) of different etiology and degree were divided into four groups according to serum creatinine levels [ sCr ( mg / dl ) ] and diet : CRF 1 > or = 1 . 5 3 . 0 , CRF 2 > 3 . 0 5 . 5 , and CRF 3 > 5 . 5 were all patients on a conventional low protein diet , while a fourth group included patients on a vegetarian diet supplemented with keto analogues and amino acids ( CRF SD > 3 . 0 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Identification of urocortin 3 , an additional member of the corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) family with high affinity for the CRF 2 receptor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Urocortin ( UCN ) , is a peptide related to hypothalamic corticotrophin releasing hormone ( CRF ) and binds with high affinity to the CRF R 2 beta receptor which is expressed in the heart . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The CRF R1 / CRF R 2 antagonist astressin B ( 30 microg / kg ip ) and the selective CRF R 2 antagonist antisauvagine 30 ( 100 microg / kg ip ) completely antagonized urocortin action , whereas the selective CRF R 1 antagonist CP 154 , 526 ( 10 mg / kg ip ) had no effect . ^^^ These data indicate that intraperitoneal urocortin induced decrease in feeding is only partly mediated by CRF R 2 , whereas urocortin action to delay gastric emptying of a meal involves primarily CRF R2 . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRF R 2 mRNA displayed comparable expression in rat and mouse brain , distinct from , and more restricted than that of CRF R 1 . ^^^ Major neuronal sites of CRF R 2 expression included aspects of the olfactory bulb , lateral septal nucleus , bed nucleus of the stria terminalis , ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus , medial and posterior cortical nuclei of the amygdala , ventral hippocampus , mesencephalic raphe nuclei , and novel localizations in the nucleus of the solitary tract and area postrema . ^^^ In pituitary , rat and mouse displayed CRF R 1 mRNA signal continuously over the intermediate lobe and over a subset of cells in the anterior lobe , whereas CRF R 2 transcripts were expressed mainly in the posterior lobe . ^^^ The distinctive expression pattern of CRF R 2 mRNA identifies additional putative central sites of action for CRF and / or UCN . ^^^ Constitutive expression of CRF R 2 mRNA in the nucleus of the solitary tract , and stress inducible expression of CRF R 1 transcripts in the paraventricular nucleus may provide a basis for understanding documented effects of CRF related peptides at a loci shown previously to lack a capacity for CRF R expression or CRF binding . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The second full length cDNA , which was cloned from catfish heart , encodes a 406 amino acid protein that showed homology to murine CRF R 2 ( 88 % ) and when expressed in COS 7 cells preferentially bound sauvagine . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : The VLDL + IDL were isolated from 18 predialytic patients ( CRF 1 ) , 8 patients on hemodialysis ( CRF 2 ) and 10 asymptomatic controls . ^^^ RESULTS : The k 1 values of VLDL + IDL were significantly ( P < 0 . 001 ) lower in CRF 1 and CRF 2 patients ( 0 . 0341 and 0 . 0352 min 1 , respectively ) than controls ( 0 . 0515 min 1 ) . ^^^ The k 1 values of the combined CRF 1 and CRF 2 patient groups showed significant negative correlations ( P < 0 . 001 ) with FC ( r= 0 . 81 ) and CE ( r= 0 . 63 ) and a positive correlation with TG ( r=0 . 72 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Pharmacological studies showed that Ucn 3 is a high affinity ligand for the type 2 CRF receptor ( CRF R 2 ) . ^^^ Several major Ucn 3 terminal fields identified in the present study , including the lateral septum and the ventromedial hypothalamus , are known to express high levels of CRF R 2 . ^^^ Thus , these anatomical data strongly support the notion that Ucn 3 is an endogenous ligand for CRF R 2 in these areas . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ucn binds with very high affinity to both CRF receptor type 1 ( CRF R 1 ) and CRF receptor type 2 ( CRF R 2 ) . ^^^ Endogenously produced Ucn may therefore exert its effects mostly through CRF R 2 in an autocrine and / or paracrine manner in the human heart . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It was observed that human CRF N terminally truncated by eight residues was bound with high affinity to CRF 2 receptor ( Ki=5 . 4nM ) , whereas affinity for CRF 1 receptor was decreased ( Ki=250 nM ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These data demonstrate that urocortin acts in the brain to exacerbate acute liver injury through the sympathetic nervous system and suggest a possible involvement of the CRF 2 receptor in the central CRF induced exacerbation of acute liver injury in rats . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The two receptor agonists were D Glu 20 CRF and D Pro 5 CRF , selective for the CRF R 1 and the CRF R 2 receptors , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The inhibition of gastric emptying by CRF may be mediated by interaction with the CRF 2 receptor , while CRF 1 receptors are involved in the colonic and anxiogenic responses to stress . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRF receptor 2 ( CRF R 2 ) has been identified in the rat pituitary . ^^^ In the present study , we localized CRF R 2 mRNA in gonadotropes of the anterior pituitary . ^^^ We also demonstrated that the expression of CRF R 2 in the pituitary is sensitive to alterations to the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis as CRF R 2 mRNA levels in the anterior pituitary of male rats were significantly decreased 6 h after bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) injection or restraint stress . ^^^ Subcutaneous corticosterone injections also resulted in significant suppression of CRF R 2 mRNA levels in the pituitary , suggesting that glucocorticoids are involved in modulating CRF R 2 mRNA levels in the pituitary under stress . ^^^ LPS administration still caused a significant suppression of CRF R 2 mRNA levels in the anterior pituitary of adrenalectomized rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Effects of a selective agonist and antagonist of CRF 2 receptors on cardiovascular function in the rat . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors in human cancers . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although the role of the CRF 1 receptor in the anxiogenic effects of CRF is well supported , the role of CRF 2 receptors in anxiety like behaviors is less clear . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : To characterize the effect of CRF on ASR in mice and determine the respective roles of CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors in CRF potentiated ASR . ^^^ METHODS : The present study examined : ( 1 ) the time course and dose response functions for the effects of human / rat ( h / r ) CRF ( 0 . 02 0 . 6 nmol , ICV ( intracerebroventricular ) ) on ASR in two inbred strains of mice ; ( 2 ) the effects of the CRF 1 receptor antagonist NBI 30775 ( 20 mg / kg , intraperitoneal ) and the CRF 2 receptor antagonist Antisauvagine 30 ( 1 10 nmol , ICV ) on CRF potentiated ASR and ( 3 ) the effects of the CRF 2 receptor agonist urocortin 2 ( 0 . 2 6 nmol , ICV ) on ASR in mice . ^^^ Both selective CRF 1 ) and CRF 2 ) antagonists attenuated h / r CRF potentiated ASR without affecting acoustic startle when given alone . ^^^ The selective CRF 2 receptor agonist urocortin 2 increased ASR ( 1 and 2 nmol ) , albeit with less efficacy than the non selective CRF receptor agonist h / r CRF . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This effect involves CRF receptor 2 ( CRF R 2 ) and activation of the phospholipase C ( PLC ) protein kinase C ( PKC ) pathway . ^^^ These results provide evidence of the first specific roles for CRF R 2 and CRF BP in the modulation of neuronal activity and suggest that NMDARs in the VTA may be a target for both drugs of abuse and stress . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A novel water soluble tricyclic CRF 1 antagonist , NBI 35965 was developed that displayed a high affinity for CRF 1 ( Ki approximately 4 nM ) while having no binding affinity to CRF 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The three urocortins have considerably higher affinities for CRF receptor type 2 ( CRF R 2 ) than CRF , and urocortin 2 and urocortin 3 are highly selective for CRF R 2 . ^^^ Urocortin 2 induced vasodilation was significantly attenuated by a CRF R 2 selective antagonist , antisauvagine 30 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| IN vertebrates two CRF receptors ( CRF 1 and CRF 2 ) have been isolated and characterised . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| UCN is able to bind to two types of G protein coupled receptors : CRF receptor type 1 ( CRFR 1 ) and CRF receptor type 2 ( CRFR 2 ) , whereas , two homologues of UCN , stresscopin ( SCP ) or also known as urocortin 3 ( UCNIII ) and stresscopin related peptide ( SRP ) , or urocortin 2 ( UCNII ) , bind exclusively and with high affinity to CRFR 2 , we hypothesised that they will exhibit more pronounced cardioprotective effects than UCN . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We mapped the distribution of CRF receptor type 1 ( CRF 1 ) and 2 ( CRF 2 ) in the rat upper GI . ^^^ Polyclonal antisera directed against the C terminus of the CRF receptor protein were generated in rabbits and characterized by western blotting and immunofluorescence using CRF 1 and CRF 2 transfected cell lines and in primary cultured neurons from rat brain cortex . ^^^ A selective anti CRF 1 antiserum ( 4467a CRF 1 ) was identified and used in parallel with another antiserum recognizing both CRF 1 and CRF 2 ( 4392a CRF 1 & 2 ) to immunostain gastric tissue sections . ^^^ Finally , co localization of CRF 2 and urocortin immunoreactivity was found in the gastric glands . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mammalian family members include CRF , urocortinI ( UcnI ) , UcnII , and UcnIII , along with two receptors , CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 , and a CRF binding protein . ^^^ Although CRF appears to play a stimulatory role in stress responsivity through activation of CRFR 1 , specific actions of UcnII and UcnIII on CRFR 2 may be important for dampening stress sensitivity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Central CRF , urocortins and stress increase colonic transit via CRF 1 receptors while activation of CRF 2 receptors delays gastric transit in mice . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRF binds to CRF R 1 and CRF R 2 receptors in the DR and has complex and opposing effects depending on the dose used and the endpoint examined . ^^^ To clarify the impact of CRF on the DR 5 HT system , the effects of selectively activating CRF R 2 receptors ( the predominant subtype ) on extracellular DR neuronal activity were examined in halothane anesthetized rats . ^^^ Antisauvagine 30 , but not antalarmin , antagonized UII , implicating CRF R 2 receptors in the effects . ^^^ The results suggest that activation of CRF R 2 on DR 5 HT neurons inhibits neuronal activity , whereas activation of CRF R 2 receptors on non 5 HT neurons may indirectly excite DR 5 HT neurons through disinhibition . ^^^ Importantly , the tone of the DR 5 HT system can be regulated in a dynamic manner through CRF R 2 activation , being either decreased or increased depending on the level of endogenous or exogenous ligand . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Urocortin shows a significantly high sequence homology to CRF , and the concurrent expression of type 2 CRF ( CRF 2 ) receptors with urocortin in the heart suggests that urocortin may play a physiological role in the cardiac function . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In whole cell recordings , both CRF and ethanol enhanced gamma aminobutyric acid mediated ( GABAergic ) neurotransmission in CeA neurons from wild type and CRF 2 receptor knockout mice , but not CRF 1 receptor knockout mice . ^^^ CRF 1 ( but not CRF 2 ) receptor antagonists blocked both CRF and ethanol effects in wild type mice . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Peripheral injection of CRF or urocortin inhibits gastric emptying and motility through interaction with CRF 2 receptors and stimulates colonic transit , motility , Fos expression in myenteric neurones and defecation through activation of CRF 1 receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRF 1 and CRF 2 are considered to function in the inhibition of food intake by CRF related peptides with different time courses . ^^^ OBJECTIVES : This study was designed to clarify whether CRF 2 is also involved in stress induced inhibition of food intake and to examine the relation of CRF1to CRF 2 in the inhibitory mechanism . ^^^ METHODS : Antisauvagine 30 ( AS 30 ) , a selective CRF 2 antagonist , and / or CRA 1000 , a selective CRF 1 antagonist , were pre administered intracerebroventricularly and intraperitoneally , respectively , to male Wistar rats deprived of food for 24 h before the animals were exposed to a 1 h period of stressors and food intake in 1 h after stress exposure was examined . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : These results suggest that not only CRF 1 , but also CRF 2 , are involved in stress induced inhibition of food intake , and that both subtypes of CRF receptor function probably in series in 1 h after stress exposure . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These limbic nuclei are reciprocally innervated , are involved in stress and affective disorders , and have high densities of the CRF receptors CRF 1 and CRF 2 . ^^^ In the CeA , CRF ( r / h ) depressed excitatory glutamatergic transmission through a CRF 1 mediated postsynaptic action , whereas Ucn 1 facilitated synaptic responses through presynaptic and postsynaptic CRF 2 mediated mechanisms . ^^^ Conversely , in the LSMLN , CRF caused a CRF 1 mediated facilitation of glutamatergic transmission via postsynaptic mechanisms , whereas Ucn 1 depressed EPSCs by postsynaptic and presynaptic CRF 2 mediated actions . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of the selective CRF 2 receptor agonists urocortin 2 and urocortin 3 . ^^^ We compared the in vivo efficacy of two selective CRF 2 agonists , mouse urocortin 2 ( mUcn 2 ) and human urocortin 3 ( hUcn 3 ) , using food intake , anxious behavior , or ACTH release in CD 1 or Balb / c mice as indices of biological stress responses . ^^^ These data suggest that the CRF 2 receptor subtype plays a primary role in the activation of behavioral , but not neuroendocrine , stress responses . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| No expression of CRF 2 receptor transcripts was observed in the PVN , either in basal conditions or after TNBS . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Given the behavioral characterization of these receptors , the objective of the following experiments was to characterize the role of CRF 2 receptors in the interaction between alcohol and stress by examining the effects of CRF 2 receptor activation in the behavioral stress response and ethanol self administration during early ethanol withdrawal in dependent rats . ^^^ The role of the CRF 2 receptor in the regulation of these behaviors during the early stages of withdrawal was examined via central injection of the highly selective CRF 2 receptor agonist urocortin 3 . ^^^ These data suggest that activation of the CRF 2 receptor may provide a novel target in the attenuation of the stress response characteristic of the early stages of ethanol withdrawal . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) and the CRF like peptide urocortin 1 ( UcnI ) exert their activity through two different CRF receptors , CRF 1 and CRF 2 . ^^^ Recently , UcnII and UcnIII have been discovered as potential endogenous agonists selective for CRF 2 known to be involved in brain functions such as learning and anxiety , as well as in cardiovascular functions . ^^^ In support of this hypothesis , binding affinity to CRF 1 of the chimeric peptides [ Pro11Ile12Gly13 ] h / rCRF , [ Pro11Thr12Asn13 ] h / rCRF , and the corresponding rUcnI analogs was found to be decreased by three orders of magnitude , whereas binding affinity to CRF 2 was much less affected . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRF receptor antagonism blocks stress induced endocrine , autonomic , and behavioral effects in animal models , and studies have implicated the CRF 2 receptor in anxiety related behaviors . ^^^ Greater understanding of the regulation of CRF 2 expression may facilitate understanding mechanisms underlying anxiety . ^^^ The present studies are the first to characterize the transcriptional regulation of the human CRF 2 ( a ) , the predominant CRF 2 isoform in brain . ^^^ Four kilobase pairs of sequence immediately upstream of the first exon of CRF 2 ( a ) represented our full length promoter region . ^^^ Sequentially smaller fragments of the CRF 2 ( a ) promoter region were generated by PCR and cloned upstream of a luciferase reporter gene . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Human urocortin 3 ( hUCN 3 ) , a CRF receptor type 2 ( CRF R 2 ) specific agonist enhanced the release of TSH from the pituitary cells in culture , suggesting the involvement of CRF R 2 in the CRF induced TSH release in the bullfrogs . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRF 2 receptors are highly expressed in the human cardiovascular system and their cognate ligands urocortins 2 and 3 are potent vasodilators . 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present study demonstrates using in situ autoradiography that CRF receptor 1 ( CRFR 1 ) and CRF receptor 2 ( CRFR 2 ) mRNA in the rat anterior pituitary is changed by intermittent hypoxia , cold , restraint , alone and in combination . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Urocortin 1 binds with high affinity to CRF type 1 ( CRF 1 ) and type 2 ( CRF 2 ) receptors while Ucn 2 and Ucn 3 are selective CRF 2 ligands . ^^^ Studies with selective CRF 1 and CRF 2 antagonists demonstrated that the gastric inhibitory and colonic stimulatory effects of exogenously administered Ucns are mediated through CRF 2 and CRF 1 receptors , respectively . ^^^ In addition , Ucn 2 showed visceral anti nociceptive activity associated with the selective activation of CRF 2 receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Conversely , measures of urocortin 1 and CRF 2 receptor function were increased . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The DRN has a high density of the type 2 receptor ( CRF 2 ) , and so the present experiments explored the impact of CRF 2 activation within the DRN on 5 HT function . ^^^ The intra DRN administration of the selective CRF 2 agonist urocortin 2 ( Ucn 2 ) dose dependently increased 5 HT efflux in the basolateral amygdala , a projection region of the DRN . ^^^ Both of these effects of Ucn 2 were completely blocked by intra DRN antisauvagine 30 ( ASV 30 ) , a relatively selective CRF 2 antagonist . ^^^ These data suggest that CRF 1 and CRF 2 activation within the DRN affect 5 HT neurons in opponent fashion . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RT PCR revealed expression of CRF 1 receptor mRNA , but not CRF 2 , in both myenteric and submucosal plexuses . ^^^ The CRF evoked depolarizing responses were suppressed by the CRF1 / CRF2 receptor antagonist astressin and the selective CRF 1 receptor antagonist NBI 27914 and were unaffected by the selective CRF 2 receptor antagonist antisauvagine 30 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| For CRF 2 ( a ) rNT , which bears five cysteine residues ( C 2 C6 ) , the disulfide arrangement C 2 C5 and C 4 C6 was found , leaving C 3 free . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ucn 2 is expressed in the adrenal medulla , and its receptor , CRF 2 receptor , is also expressed in the adrenal gland . ^^^ PC 12 cells were found to express CRF 2 receptor , but not CRF 1 receptor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ICV infusion of the CRF receptor subtype CRFR 2 selective agonists urocortin 2 and 3 ( UCN 2 , UCN 3 ) inhibited sexual receptivity in hormone primed , ovariectomized hamsters . ^^^ On the other hand , astressin 2B did not prevent the inhibition of behavior induced by 48 h food deprivation or ICV administration of CRF , a mixed CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 agonist , suggesting that activation of CRFR 1 signaling is sufficient to inhibit sexual receptivity in hamsters . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Some of the physiological and behavioral effects of CRF related peptides may be due to actions on CRF type 2 ( CRF 2 ) receptors modulating serotonergic systems in the dorsal raphe nucleus ( DR ) . ^^^ To determine if CRF 2 receptor activation has effects on serotonergic neurons in the DR in conscious behaving rats , we gave intracerebroventricular ( icv ) injections of the selective CRF 2 receptor agonist urocortin 2 ( 0 , 0 . 01 , 0 . 1 , or 1 . 0 mug in 2 microl saline ) to adult male Wistar rats and quantified c Fos expression in topographically organized subpopulations of serotonergic neurons within the DR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Moreover , alpha helical CRF ( 9 41 ) , a more specific antagonist of CRF R 2 than CRF R 1 and the adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ 22536 , inhibited the urocortin induced increase in the level of cAMP . ^^^ In conclusion , we have demonstrated that urocortin stimulates catecholamine biosynthesis via the cAMP / protein kinase A pathway in PC 12 cells , where both urocortin and its receptor , CRF R 2 , are expressed . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ucn 1 binds to both CRF type 1 ( CRF 1 ) and type 2 receptors ( CRF 2 ) , whereas Ucn 3 is a specific agonist for CRF 2 . ^^^ Both CRF type 1 and CRF 2 were expressed in the cortex , particularly in the zonae fasciculata and reticularis but very weakly or undetectably in the medulla . ^^^ Immunohistochemistry in serial tissue sections with mirror images revealed that both Ucn 3 and CRF 2 were colocalized in more than 85 % of the adrenocortical cells . mRNA in situ hybridization confirmed these findings above . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We characterize the pharmacology of the frog peptides and show that 10 . laevis urocortin 1 binds to and activates the frog CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors at picomolar concentrations . ^^^ Similar to mammals , frog urocortin 3 is selective for the CRF 2 receptor . ^^^ Our findings show that the functional relationships among CRF ligands and binding proteins , and their anorexigenic actions mediated by the CRF 2 receptor , arose early in vertebrate evolution . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| But , recently , it was shown to directly reduce L type calcium currents of acute isolated cardiac myocytes and T type calcium currents in mouse spermatogenic cells via inhibiting calcium channel instead of binding first to its CRF R 2 receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Microinjection of the neuropeptide Y 1 receptor antagonist , BIBP 3226 ( 200 pmol ) , or the nonselective CRF receptor antagonist , astressin ( 30 pmol ) , into the PVN abolished the stimulatory effect of ghrelin injected into the PVN on colonic transit time , whereas pretreatment with the selective CRF 2 receptor , antisauvagine 30 ( 28 pmol ) , failed to affect the effect of PVN ghrelin injection on colonic propulsion . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Divergent role for CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors in the modulation of visceral pain . ^^^ Here , this dual action of CRF was differentiated by selective ( in ) activation of the CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptor prior to a visceral pain stimulus . ^^^ The pro nociceptive effects of CRF on the behavioural response were attenuated by a selective CRF 1 ( CP 154526 ; 20 mg kg 1 ) but not a selective CRF 2 [ antiSauvagine 30 ( aSVG 30 ) ; 100 microg kg 1 ] antagonist . ^^^ Selective activation of the CRF 2 receptor by stresscopin related peptide ( SRP ; i . p . 25 microg kg 1 ) reduced the distension induced visceromotor and behavioural response . ^^^ These findings indicate that the CRF 1 receptor is involved in pro nociception of visceral pain , whereas the CRF 2 receptor is mainly involved in antinociception . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Their biological effects are mediated by the CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors , which belong to the G protein coupled receptor super family . ^^^ In the gastrointestinal tract , these compounds open new therapeutic options in the treatment of lower GI inflammatory diseases associated to CRF , such as the chronic inflammatory bowel syndromes , irritable bowel disease and ulcerative colitis while Ucn , Ucn 1 , Ucn 2 or synthetic non peptide CRF 2 agonists may be useful in the treatment of upper GI inflammatory diseases . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the brain , CRF 2 receptor , but not CRF 1 receptor , is involved in this action . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Receptors for CRF , CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 , have been hypothesized to play distinct roles in the alterations necessary for homeostatic maintenance . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Astressin 2B , a special CRF 2 receptor antagonist , had no influence on this inhibition . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| MATERIALS AND METHODS : Male Long Evans rats were bilaterally infused with CRF ( 0 . 2 or 1 . 0 nmol ) either alone or in combination with the CRF 1 receptor antagonist CP 154 , 526 or the CRF 2 receptor antagonist anti sauvagine 30 ( AS 30 ) before behavioral testing in the elevated plus maze or place conditioning paradigms . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : CRF 1 receptors in the BNST mediate the anxiogenic like effects of CRF in this region , whereas both CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptor subtypes mediate the conditioned aversive effects of this peptide within the BNST . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In vivo studies suggest that corticotrophin releasing factor ( CRF ) and CRF like peptides , urocortin 1 ( UCN 1 ) and UCN 2 , inhibit gastric emptying and stimulate colonic motility through CRF 2 and CRF 1 receptors , respectively . ^^^ We evaluated expression and functions of CRF , UCN 1 , UCN 2 and CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors in the rat gastric antrum . ^^^ Some experiments were realized in the presence of specific CRF 1 or CRF 2 receptors antagonists . ^^^ CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors like immunoreactivity ( CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors LI ) was localized in fibers and neurons of the myenteric ganglia . ^^^ CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors LI was also found in nerve fibers distributed in the muscle layers . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The CRF signal is transmitted by two distinct receptors named CRF receptor 1 ( CRF 1 ) and CRF 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The deduced amino acid sequences of CRF receptor types 1 ( CRFR 1 ) and CRF receptor type 2 ( CRFR 2 ) showed 79 94 % and 81 92 % identity with CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 of other vertebrates , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immediately after the second 3 h bout of restraint stress , there was a significant increase in expression of UCN in the Edinger Westphal nucleus and of CRF R 1 in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and a less pronounced decrease in CRF R 2 expression in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effects of CRF peptides were inhibited by the CRF 2 antagonist anti sauvagine 30 , but not by the CRF 1 antagonist antalarmin , suggesting that CRF peptides mediated the up regulation of TLR 4 via the CRF 2 receptor . ^^^ They augment the effect of LPS by inducing Tlr 4 gene expression , through CRF 2 , via activation of the transcription factors PU . 1 and AP 1 . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We report our experience with the Judet CRF 2 radial head prosthesis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The presence of functional CRH receptors , CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 , in the human myometrium suggests that CRH may modulate uterine activity . ^^^ CRH R 2 mRNA was present in 28 % of LS myometrium with no change at labor . ^^^ CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 protein was localized to myometrial smooth muscle in nonpregnant and laboring patients , with lower levels at term . ^^^ CRH R 1 mRNA was present in chorion and decidua , but CRH R 2 was undetectable in these tissues . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Following intracerebroventricular ( i . c . v . ) injection of ovine CRF ( oCRF ) , an endogenous peptide agonist at both CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors , defensive behaviors of CD 1 mice were evaluated in the Mouse Defensive Test Battery ( MDTB ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The corticotrophin releasing factor ( CRF ) family of neuropeptides and their receptors ( CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 ) play a critical role in regulating the neuroendocrine stress response . ^^^ Here we show in the Sprague Dawley rat that direct in vivo application to the ventromedial hypothalamus ( VMH ) , a key glucose sensing region , of urocortin 1 ( UCN 1 ) , an endogenous CRFR 2 agonist , suppressed ( approximately 55 60 % ) , whereas CRF , a predominantly CRFR 1 agonist , amplified ( approximately 50 70 % ) CRR to hypoglycemia . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The human endometrium expresses both UCN and CRF , and CRF / UCN receptors type 1 ( CRF R 1 ) and 2 ( CRF R 2 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two CRH receptor subtypes , CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 , have been cloned and show significant amino acid homology ( 69 % ) , but differ in their tissue distribution . ^^^ CRH R 1 is expressed predominantly in the brain and pituitary , whereas the CRH R 2 subtype is highly expressed in heart and skeletal muscle . ^^^ To investigate the role of CRH in cardiac signaling , we analyzed the effect of CRH on freshly isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and murine atrial cardiomyocyte tumor cells , AT 1 , which express CRH R 2 messenger RNA . ^^^ This rank order is consistent with that previously demonstrated in CRH R 2 transfected HEK 293 cells and parallels the in vivo vasodilatory activity of these peptides . ^^^ In summary , this is the first evidence that CRH , sauvagine , and urotensin 1 act directly on cardiac myocytes to stimulate increases in intracellular cAMP , presumably through CRH R 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We were unable to detect any CRH R 2 messenger ribonucleic acid in any of the biopsies . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two CRH receptors , Crhr 1 and Crhr 2 , have been identified in the mouse . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Sauvagine unlike CRH had no effect on radiolabeled CRH binding which suggests that the CRH R 2 receptor is not present in the myometrium . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Changes in type 2 CRH receptor ( CRHR 2 ) mRNA in the ventromedial hypothalamus ( VMH ) , a possible target of anorectic CRH effect , were also examined . ^^^ Since NPY and galanin are considered orexigenic , while the POMC melanocortin 4 receptor system is apparently anorexigenic , the changes in neuropeptide mRNAs and VMH CRHR 2 mRNA may play counterregulatory roles against anorectic CRH effects . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRH exerts its actions via activation of specific G protein coupled receptors , which exist in two types , CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 , and arise from different genes with multiple spliced variants . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mature peptide is rapidly released , and exerts autocrine / paracrine protective effects through the cardiac CRH R 2 receptor which preferentially binds urocortin . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ACTH , CRH , and CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 mRNAs were expressed in the human adrenal as determined by RT PCR . ^^^ CRH , ACTH , and both CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 mRNAs are expressed in the adult human adrenal gland . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , it still remains to be clarified whether those effects are mediated via either the CRH receptor 1 ( CRHR 1 ) or the CRH receptor 2 ( CRHR 2 ) , or both receptor subtypes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Our results suggest that the hypertension produced by central CRH administration is mediated through central CRHR 1 receptors , whereas the hypotension produced by parenteral CRH administration is mediated through peripheral CRHR 2 receptors . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Indeed , pregnant human myometrium expresses functional CRH receptors ( CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 subtypes ) thought to signal predominantly via the second messenger cAMP . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In all samples of inflamed synovium studied , CRH R1alpha mRNA was detected ; however , we were unable to identify CRH R1beta or any CRH R 2 isoforms in samples from the same cohort of , patients . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRH exerts its action through two major receptors , CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 . ^^^ Recently novel non peptidic antagonists directed against CRH R 1 or CRH R 2 have been proposed as promising agents in the treatment of depression , anxiety and eating disorder . ^^^ Therefore , we employed quantitative TaqMan PCR to analyze the expression and distribution of both CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 in human brain tissue and peripheral organs . ^^^ Both CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 were expressed in high amounts in the brain with the strongest expression in the pituitary . ^^^ As described in rodents , however the CRH R 1 in human was the predominant receptor in the brain ( 82 . 7 + / 11 . 0 % ) , whilst CRH R 2 was the predominant receptor in peripheral organs ( 77 . 0 + / 15 . 8 % ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In contrast , no significant difference in the expression of CRH R 2 was observed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recent investigations in mouse lines either deficient for the CRH receptor 1 ( CRHR 1 ) or 2 ( CRHR 2 ) suggest that the CRH neuronal system may comprise two separate pathways that can be coordinately and inversely activated in stress induced hypothalamic pituitary adrenal ( HPA ) response and anxiety like behavior . ^^^ We generated mice deficient for both CRHR 1 ( Crhr 1 ( / ) ) and CRHR 2 ( Crhr 2 ( / ) ) to investigate the HPA system regulation in the absence of known functionally active CRH receptors under basal conditions and in response to different ethologically relevant stressors . ^^^ To elucidate possible gene dose effects on the action of both CRH receptors , our analysis included heterozygous and homozygous CRHR 1 or CRHR 2 deficient mice , mutants lacking both CRH receptors , compound mutants with homozygous and heterozygous deficiency for either of the receptors , and their wild type littermates . ^^^ Within the intraadrenal CRH / ACTH system , our data suggest different roles for CRHR 1 and CRHR 2 in fine tuning of adrenocortical corticosterone release . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two high affinity G protein coupled receptors have been identified that bind CRH and / or urocortin 1 and 2 , designated CRHR 1 and CRHR 2 , both of which are present in hippocampal regions of mammalian brain . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRH , CRH BP , CRH R 1 , and CRH R 2 were detectable in SZ 95 sebocytes at the mRNA and protein levels : CRH R 1 was the predominant type ( CRH R1 / CRH R 2 = 2 ) . ^^^ CRH , dehydroepiandrosterone , and 17 beta estradiol did not modulate CRH R expression , whereas testosterone at 10 ( 7 ) M down regulated CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 mRNA expression at 6 to 24 h , and growth hormone ( GH ) switched CRH R 1 mRNA expression to CRH R 2 at 24 h . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The recent discoveries of novel CRH related peptides residing in the heart and a distinct cardiac CRH receptor ( CRH R 2 ) , have renewed interest in the role of the CRH family on cardiovascular function . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRH expressing cells and their target neurons possessing CRH receptors ( CRF 1 and CRF 2 ) are distributed throughout the limbic system , but little is known about the regulation of limbic CRH receptor function and expression , including regulation by the peptide itself . ^^^ Binding capacities and mRNA levels of both CRF 1 and CRF 2 were determined at several time points after central CRH administration . ^^^ Enhanced CRF 1 expression with a different time course occurred also in hippocampal CA 3 , but not in CA 1 or amygdala , CRF 2 binding and mRNA levels were not altered by CRH administration . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| H5V cells expressed both CRH receptors ( CRH R 1 and R 2 ) mRNAs , whereas HUVEC cells expressed the CRH R 2 mRNA solely . 4 . ^^^ However , the selective CRH R 2 antagonist anti Svg 30 failed to produce similar effects . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Urocortin ( Ucn ) , a Crh related neuropeptide and the postulated endogenous ligand for Crhr 2 , is a potential mediator of stress responses . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We demonstrate that multiple promoters and alternate splicing regulate expression of the human CRH receptor type 2 ( CRHR 2 ) gene . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These results demonstrate that maternal deprivation elicits modifications of CRH brain circuits in a site specific manner , and that the regulation of CRHr 2 gene expression is mediated by mechanisms different from those involved with the modulation of CRHr 1 in the infant rat . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| For the latter , we have cloned a partial cDNA encoding the chicken CRH R 2 . ^^^ On the other hand , we have found that thyrotropes express CRH R 2 mRNA . ^^^ The involvement of this CRH receptor in the response of thyrotropes to CRH was further confirmed by the fact that TSH release was stimulated by human urocortin 3 , a CRH R 2 specific agonist , whereas the TSH response to CRH was completely blocked by the CRH R blocker astressin and the CRH R 2 specific antagonist antisauvagine 30 . ^^^ We conclude that CRH induced TSH secretion is mediated by CRH R 2 expressed on thyrotropes . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here the present authors examine the relative contribution of the two known CRH receptors , CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 , to ischemic injury using CRH receptor knockout mice . ^^^ By single cell PCR , the authors show that microglia and astrocytes express mRNA for both CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using RT PCR and fluorescent in situ hybridization , we demonstrated that UCN 2 and type 2 CRH receptor ( CRH R 2 ) mRNAs were expressed in human nonpregnant and pregnant myometrium . ^^^ Immunofluorescent studies confirmed protein expression of UCN 2 in human pregnant myometrial cells , whereas chemical cross linking studies with radiolabeled UCN 2 confirmed the presence of CRH R 2 sites with an apparent molecular mass of 50 kDa . ^^^ Treatment of primary human myometrial cells with UCN 2 to specifically activate CRH R 2 resulted in a dose dependent increase of myosin light chain ( MLC ( 20 ) ) phosphorylation . ^^^ Collectively , our data suggest a distinctive role for CRH R 2 specific agonists like UCN 2 in the control of myometrial contractility during human pregnancy involving sequential activation of PKC , MAPK kinase 1 , ERK1 / 2 , RhoA , and RhoA associated kinase , leading to the MLC ( 20 ) phosphorylation . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The CRH R 2 gene was expressed solely in hair follicle keratinocytes and papilla fibroblasts , whereas CRH R 2 antigen was localized predominantly in hair follicles , sebaceous and eccrine glands , muscle and blood vessels . ^^^ In mouse skin , the CRH R 2 gene and protein were widely expressed in all cutaneous compartments and in cultured normal and malignant melanocytes . ^^^ Taken together with our previous investigations , the present studies document the preferential expression of CRH R 1 in human skin , which mirrors CRH R 2 expression patterns in human and mouse skin . ^^^ The adnexal location of CRH R 2 suggests a role for the receptor in hair growth . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It is unclear at present whether the peripheral antinociceptive effects of CRH are mediated through CRH receptor 1 ( CRH R 1 ) or CRH receptor 2 ( CRH R 2 ) . ^^^ Employing a double immunocytochemical technique , this study investigated in Wistar rats with Freund ' s complete adjuvant induced hind paw inflammation whether immune cells within blood and inflamed subcutaneous tissue express CRH R 1 and / or CRH R 2 together with the opioid peptide beta endorphin ( END ) . ^^^ Additionally , we examined using selective CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 antagonists whether peripheral CRH induced antinociception is mediated by the respective CRH receptor subtypes . ^^^ We found a high degree of co expression of END together with both CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 in macrophage / monocytes , granulocytes and lymphocytes within blood and inflamed subcutaneous tissue . ^^^ Also we observed a high degree of co localization of CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 receptors on circulating and resident immune cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The generated antiserum showed a moderate cross reactivity with CRH R 2 . ^^^ Although this system can not precisely discriminate between CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 , our findings may serve to demonstrate differing CRH receptor regulations at the synthesis level and at the protein level in the rat AP . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRH R 2 expression in fat was comparable with its expression in the heart , the organ with the highest CRH R 2 expression known . ^^^ CRH R 1 : CRH R 2 ratio varied according to fat depot type ; whereas CRH R 1 expression was higher in sc fat than in visceral fat , the opposite was true for CRH R 2 . ^^^ Adipose tissue also expressed urocortin and stresscopin , the predominant ligands of peripheral CRH R 2 . ^^^ CRH down regulated CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 mRNA expression in isolated adipocytes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here , they may play an autocrine / paracrine role , since CRH R 2 receptor subtypes , which preferentially bind the urocortins , are also expressed in the heart . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using a method that involves repeated oxygen uptake determinations in intact mouse skeletal muscle , we report here that CRH can act directly on skeletal muscle to stimulate thermogenesis , an effect that is more pronounced in oxidative than in glycolytic muscles and that can be inhibited by a selective CRH R 2 antagonist or blunted by a nonselective CRH receptor antagonist . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRH mRNA levels did not change during the luteal phase , whereas expression of UCN , UCN 2 , CRHR 1 , and CRHR 2 was maximal at early or mid luteal phase before declining ( P < 0 . 05 ) at the later stages . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two types of mammal CRH R exist , CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 , each with unique splicing patterns and remarkably distinct pharmacological properties , but similar signaling properties , probably reflecting their distinct and sometimes contrasting biological functions . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We used a real time PCR set up to quantify whole pituitary mRNA expression of the beta subunit of thyrotrophin ( TSH beta ) , type 1 thyrotrophin releasing hormone receptor ( TRH R 1 ) , corticotrophin releasing hormone receptors ( CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 ) and somatostatin subtype receptor 2 ( SSTR 2 ) on every day of the last week of embryonic development , including the day of hatch and the first day of posthatch life . ^^^ Although TSH beta mRNA levels increased towards day 19 of incubation ( E 19 ) , the expression of CRH R 2 and TRH R 1 mRNA by the thyrotropes tended to decrease during this period , suggesting a lower sensitivity of the thyrotropes to the stimulatory factors CRH and TRH . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Stimulation of follicular melanocytes with CRH and CRH peptides , modified for selectivity for CRH R 1 and / or CRH R 2 , variably induced cell melanogenesis , dendricity , and proliferation . ^^^ However , a modified urocortin peptide highly selective for CRH R 2 down regulated melanocyte differentiation phenotype . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The two main mammalian peptides of this family , CRH and urocortin ( UCN ) , signal through the same receptors , CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 . ^^^ Recent studies conducted on mice deficient in CRH , CRH R 1 , CRH R 2 and CRH R1 / CRH R 2 , as well as in two different UCN deficient mice , have added relevant information towards the understanding of the role of this peptide family in the CNS . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To dissect the involvement of CRH receptor 1 ( CRHR 1 ) and CRHR 2 , we used conditional knockout mice in which Crhr 1 is inactivated in the anterior forebrain and limbic structures . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effects were blocked by the CRH R 1 antagonist antalarmin , but not the CRH R 2 antagonist astressin 2B . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Induction was lost in the presence of CRH R 1 antagonists , but not CRH R 2 antagonists . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although , CRH , CRH binding protein ( CRH BP ) , CRH receptor 1 ( CRH R 1 ) and CRH R 2 have been identified both at mRNA and protein level in human placenta , deciduas , fetal membranes , endometrium and myometrium , no corresponding information is yet available on cervix . ^^^ Thus , the aim of this study was to compare the levels of the mRNA species coding for CRH , CRH BP , CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 in human cervical tissue and myometrium at preterm and term labor and not in labor as well as in the non pregnant state , and to localize the corresponding proteins employing immunohistochemical analysis . ^^^ RESULTS : The levels of CRH BP , CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 mRNA in the pregnant tissues were lower than those in non pregnant subjects . ^^^ CRH BP and CRH R 2 mRNA and the corresponding proteins were present at lower levels in the laboring cervix than in the non laboring cervix , irrespective of gestational age . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Expression of CRH BP , CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 in uterine tissues is down regulated during pregnancy . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P06850 and Q13324 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The skin also expresses the corresponding receptors ( CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 ) , with CRH R 1 being the major receptor in humans . ^^^ CRH R 1 is expressed in epidermal and dermal compartments , and CRH R 2 predominantly in dermal structures . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.56173002 |
| A second member of the CRF receptor family encoding a 411 amino acid rat brain protein with approximately 70 % homology to CRF 1 has recently been identified ( designated as CRF 2 ) ; there exists an additional splice variant of the CRF 2 receptor with a different N terminal domain encoding a protein of 431 amino acids . 0.56173002^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.57631039 |
| In contrast , all the urocortins bind with high affinities , and CRF binds with lower affinity to CRFR 2 . 0.57631039^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.6317533 |
| Corticotropin releasing hormone ( Crh ) , a 41 residue polypeptide , activates two G protein coupled receptors , Crhr 1 and Crhr 2 , causing ( among other transductional events ) phosphorylation of the transcription factor Creb . 0.6317533^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.68205147 |
| Corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) and urocortins ( Ucn ) bind with various affinities to two G protein coupled receptors , CRHR 1 and CRHR 2 , which are expressed in brain and in peripheral tissues , including immune cells . 0.68205147^^^ Corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) and urocortins ( Ucn ) bind with various affinities to two G protein coupled receptors , CRHR 1 and CRHR 2 , which are expressed in brain and in peripheral tissues , including immune cells . 0.50822374^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 is a tonic suppressor of vascularization . ^^^ Corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 ( CRFR 2 ) is found in both endothelial and smooth muscle cells ( SMCs ) in the vasculature , where its function has remained elusive . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The down regulated 11 genes included mitochondrial ATP synthase beta subunit , mitochondrial H ( + ) transporting ATP synthase F 1 complex alpha subunit isoform 1 , liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 , glutathione S transferase mu type 2 , corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 , metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 , N methyl D aspartate receptor subtype 2B , muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M 3 , transmembrane receptor Unc5H1 , glycogen synthase kinase 3alpha , and Ca ( 2+ ) / calmodulin dependent protein kinase 2 beta subunit . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| An artificial peptide with corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 ( CRF R 2 ) selective properties : the role of primary structure in the induction of signal transduction pathways . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition to hypothalamic POMC and NPY expression , we determined the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 , all subtypes of leptin receptors , and corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 mRNA in PND 10 pups receiving either an acute ( PND 10 ) or a chronic ( PND 3 10 ) leptin ( 3 mg / kg BW , ip ) or vehicle treatment . ^^^ Chronic leptin increased corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 mRNA levels in the ventromedial hypothalamus . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A new role for corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 : suppression of vascularization . ^^^ Our recent data has described a novel role of corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 ( CRFR 2 ) as a tonic inhibitor of neovascularization . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Stress mediated heart rate dynamics after deletion of the gene encoding corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mitogen activated protein kinase signaling in the hippocampus and its modulation by corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 : a possible link between stress and fear memory . ^^^ We also investigated the role of hippocampal corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 ( CRF 2 ) in stress enhanced learning and molecular signaling mediated by PKA , Mek 1 / 2 , and their downstream targets extracellularly regulated kinases 1 and 2 ( Erk 1 / 2 ) and p 90 ribosomal s kinase 1 ( p90Rsk 1 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Anxiogenic like effect of corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 antisense oligonucleotides infused into rat brain . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The CRF system consists of two receptors , corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1 ( CRF1R ) and corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 ( CRF2R ) , a nonreceptor binding protein , and the peptide agonists of these receptors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Role of corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 in stress induced suppression of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in the rat . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| AIMS : To investigate the role of the endogenous urocortin peptides in heart failure ( HF ) through blockade of the corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 ( CRF R 2 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Elevated stress sensitivity in corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 deficient mice decreases maternal , but not intermale aggression . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Macrophages express the Corticotropin Releasing Factor Receptor 2 ( CRFR 2 ) the endogenous agonists of which , the urocortins , are also present at the site of inflammation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Peptide hormones are increasingly being evaluated for eating disorder treatment , including ghrelin agonists , neuropeptide Y 1 and 5 antagonists , orexin receptor antagonists , corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 antagonists , histamine 3 antagonists , melanocortin 4 receptor antagonists , beta 3 adrenoceptor agonists , 5 hydroxytryptamine 2A antagonists and growth hormone agonists . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| As it is likely that the influences of prenatal stress on development stem from a complex interaction between both environmental and genetic factors , our study has included comparisons with offspring born to stress sensitive ( corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 deficient ) mice . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Activation of corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 causes bronchorelaxation and inhibits pulmonary inflammation in mice . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effect of lateral septum corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 activation on anxiety is modulated by stress . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Endotoxin regulates corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 in heart and skeletal muscle . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mapping of the mouse corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 gene ( Crhr 2 ) to chromosome 6 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Abnormal adaptations to stress and impaired cardiovascular function in mice lacking corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mice deficient for corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 display anxiety like behaviour and are hypersensitive to stress . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Candidate genes for mediation of this phenotype include Ghrhr ( growth hormone releasing hormone receptor ) , Crhr 2 ( corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 ) , and Cd8a ( an epitope on cytotoxic T lymphocytes ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Gene based SNP genetic association study of the corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 ( CRHR 2 ) in major depression . ^^^ Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 ( CRHR 2 ) deficient mice display a stress sensitive and anxiety like phenotype suggesting that the CRHR 2 is a plausible functional candidate gene influencing the reactivity of the HPA axis and therefore the liability to develop affective disorders . ^^^ In this study , a gene based single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) map of the corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 ( CRHR 2 ) was constructed containing one synonymous cSNP in exon 10 , two intronic SNPs , and two SNPs in the 5 ' upstream regulatory region . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Regulation of corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 expression in human cord blood derived cultured mast cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Association between corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 ( CRHR 2 ) gene polymorphism and personality traits . ^^^ Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 ( CRHR 2 ) is one of the receptors that mediate CRH signal . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We studied 24 patients with end stage chronic renal failure not treated with hemodialysis ( CRF 1 ) and 16 patients on regular hemodialysis ( CRF 2 ) , to investigate the digestive , absorptive and morphological aspects of the small intestinal mucosa . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have recently described the cloning and characterization of a novel corticotropin releasing factor receptor subtype ( CRF 2 ) from rat brain that exists in two alternatively spliced forms , CRF 2 alpha and CRF 2 beta . ^^^ CRF 2 alpha and CRF 2 beta receptor mRNAs are differentially distributed between the rat central nervous system and peripheral tissues . ^^^ The mRNA for CRF 2 alpha is found almost exclusively in the brain , particularly in the hypothalamus , lateral septum , and olfactory bulb , whereas the mRNA for CRF 2 beta appears to be both in the brain and in the periphery , with the greatest abundance in the heart and skeletal muscle . ^^^ Thus , the data suggest that these alternatively spliced forms of the CRF 2 receptor may represent functionally distinct CRF receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present study reports the isolation of a cDNA clone that encodes a second member of the corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) receptor family , designated as the CRF 2 receptor . ^^^ Tissue distribution analysis of the mRNAs by reverse transcriptase PCR shows CRF 2 receptor mRNA is present in rat brain and detectable in lung and heart . ^^^ An additional splice variant of the CRF 2 receptor with a different N terminal domain has been identified by PCR , encoding a putative protein of 431 amino acids . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two CRF receptor subtypes ( CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors ) with distinct brain localizations and pharmacological profiles have recently been cloned and characterized . ^^^ For the CRF 2 receptor subtype , at least 2 splice forms with different 5 ' coding sequences ( CRF 2 alpha and CRF 2 beta ) have been identified in rat . ^^^ In this article , we report the genomic structure and the corresponding complementary DNA ( cDNA ) sequence of the human CRF 2 receptor . ^^^ The gene coding for human CRF 2 receptor consists of at least 12 exons and spans approximately 30 kilobases . ^^^ The cDNA sequence in the protein coding region is 94 % identical to that of the reported rat CRF 2 alpha receptor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present study therefore investigated the effect of acute immobilization stress on the distribution of the recently cloned CRF receptor ( CRF 1 , CRF 2 alpha , and CRF 2 beta ) genes in the ovaries of adult cycling female rats ( 200 250 g ; 14 h light , lights on at 0600 h ) . ^^^ Frozen ovaries were mounted on a microtome , cut into 30 microns slices , and then processed for the detection of mRNAs encoding CRF 1 , CRF 2 alpha , or CRF 2 beta receptors by in situ hybridization histochemistry using 35S labeled riboprobes . ^^^ On the other hand , CRF 2 alpha and CRF 2 beta receptor mRNAs were undetectable both in control and stressed animals throughout the estrous cycle . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Urocortin , a neuropeptide related to CRF , binds with high affinity to the CRF 2 receptor , is more potent than CRF in suppressing appetite , but is less potent than CRF in producing anxiety like effects and activation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Strong basal levels of CRF 1 receptor transcript were detected in multiple regions of the brain , whereas CRF 2 alpha receptor message was highly localized in few structures of the limbic system and positive signal for CRF 2 beta receptor mRNA was observed only in the choroid plexus . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) receptors encoded by two distinct genes have recently been identified and termed CRF 1 and CRF 2 . ^^^ Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) receptors encoded by two distinct genes have recently been identified and termed CRF 1 and CRF 2 . ^^^ Although CRF is significantly weaker at the CRF 2 receptor , sauvagine retains its high affinity interactions with this receptor subtype . ^^^ We expressed the human CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptor subtypes in stable cell lines and characterized 125I Tyr 0 sauvagine , a high affinity radiolabel suitable for the pharmacological and functional profiles of these proteins . 125I Tyr 0 sauvagine has high affinity ( 200 400 PM ) for CRF 1 receptors and demonstrates a pharmacological profile identical to that of 125I Tyr 0 ovine CRF labeled CRF 1 receptors . 125I Tyr 0 sauvagine binding to human CRF 2 alpha receptors is saturable and of high affinity ( KD = 100 300 PM ) and demonstrates guanine nucleotide sensitivity typical of agonist binding to receptors . ^^^ The pharmacological profile of 125I Tyr 0 sauvagine binding to CRF 2 alpha receptors with respect to inhibition by CRF related analogs is similar to the agonist profile of potencies obtained by measurements of cAMP production stimulated by these analogs in CRF 2 alpha expressing cell lines and distinct from the profile of the CRF 1 receptor subtype . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In cells transfected with two types of cloned CRF receptors , the intracellular cAMP response to [ D Pro 5 ] human / rat CRF was equipotent to human / rat CRF in the heart muscle CRF ( CRF 2 beta ) receptor assay but was five times less potent than human / rat CRF in the pituitary central nervous system CRF ( CRF 1 ) receptor assay . ^^^ We conclude that changing residue Pro 5 in the CRF molecule from a L to a D configuration confers selectivity by decreasing second messenger activation at the CRF 1 receptor whilst retaining full potency at the CRF 2 beta receptor . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This increase in the level of receptor transcription by CRF was restricted to the type 1 receptor subtype because the hybridization signal for the CRF 2 alpha receptor mRNA was unaffected in the brain regions in which it was located . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this article , Derek Chalmers and colleagues highlight the major differences between the two classes of CRF receptors , CRF 1 and CRF 2 , and a functionally related CRF binding protein , and discuss the relevance of these sites to the ongoing development of CRF based therapeutics . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Subjects with CRF were divided into two groups : without ( CRF 1 ; nine patients ) or with ( CRF 2 ; 11 patients ) autonomic neuropathy . ^^^ MIBG scintigrams showed decreased heart / mediastinum mean count rate , a high defect score in both initial and delayed images , and rapid clearance rate in the CRF 2 group . ^^^ PSA showed an abnormally low percent low frequency power and high frequency power in the CRF 2 group . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A new functional isoform of the human CRF 2 receptor for corticotropin releasing factor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing factor CRF 1 , but not CRF 2 , receptors mediate anxiogenic like behavior . ^^^ The recent identification and differential localization in brain of three binding sites for corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) like peptides ( CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors as well as CRF binding protein ) suggest the existence of functionally distinct neurobiological systems which mediate CRF activation . ^^^ Corticotropin releasing factor CRF 1 , but not CRF 2 , receptors mediate anxiogenic like behavior . ^^^ The present studies examined the potential functional significance of the CRF 2 receptor in relation to the CRF 1 receptor using two animal models of anxiety and endocrine reactivity to a stressor . ^^^ CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptor knockdown was achieved and confirmed autoradiographically within brain regions relevant to behavioral reactivity to stressors by chronic , central administration of antisense oligonucleotides . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing factor receptor type 2 ( CRF 2 ) messenger ribonucleic acid levels in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus of the infant rat are reduced by maternal deprivation . ^^^ Expression of corticotropin releasing factor receptor type 2 ( CRF 2 ) has been demonstrated in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus ( VMH ) of the adult and developing rat , but the physiological functions of VMH CRF 2 have not been elucidated . ^^^ Corticotropin releasing factor receptor type 2 ( CRF 2 ) messenger ribonucleic acid levels in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus of the infant rat are reduced by maternal deprivation . ^^^ Regulation of VMH CRF 2 may thus play a role in the interplay of physiological alterations in metabolic state with the neuroendocrine and anorexic effects of CRF . ^^^ This study determined the regulation of CRF 2 mRNA expression in infant rats by the physiological consequences of maternal deprivation , i . e . , fasting and stress . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Autoradiographic localization of CRF 1 and CRF 2 binding sites in adult rat brain . ^^^ The regional distribution of corticotropin releasing factor 1 ( CRF 1 ) and CRF 2 binding sites was assessed autoradiographically in adult rat brain . ^^^ The differential pharmacological profiles of the CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptor subtypes were used for the discrimination of the CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptor subtypes in rat brain . ^^^ Pharmacological characterization at the rat CRF 2 receptor subtype expressed in CHO cells showed a rank order affinity for the peptide agonists such that sauvagine , urotensin 1 and rat / human CRF showed high affinity binding whereas ovine CRF had a Ki value of 300 nM . ^^^ Based on this differential binding affinity for ovine CRF , [ 125I ] sauvagine binding in the presence of increasing concentrations of ovine CRF was used to discriminate CRF 1 from CRF 2 receptor subtypes in rat brain . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both of the characterized members of the CRF receptor family ( CRF 1 and CRF 2 ) , are found in the amygdala , site of origin of CRF induced seizures , and may therefore mediate these seizures . ^^^ Urocortin , a novel peptide activating both types of CRF receptors in vitro , but with preferential affinity for CRF 2 receptors in vivo , produced seizures with a lower potency than CRF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Labelling of CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors using the novel radioligand , [ 3H ] urocortin . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It binds with a high affinity to CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors , resulting in the stimulation of their adenylate cyclase activity . ^^^ The distribution of urocortin ir overlapped with the expression of the mRNA for the CRF 2 receptor in several brain areas . ^^^ These data support the hypothesis that this peptide is the endogenous ligand for the CRF 2 receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The developmental profile of the corticotropin releasing factor receptor ( CRF 2 ) in rat brain predicts distinct age specific functions . ^^^ Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) activates two known receptor types , CRF 1 , and CRF 2 . ^^^ Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) activates two known receptor types , CRF 1 , and CRF 2 . ^^^ In the adult rat brain , CRF 2 has a distinct distribution pattern , suggesting that it may mediate functions exclusive of CRF 1 . ^^^ The goal of this study was to determine the age dependent distribution of CRF 2 messenger RNA ( CRF 2 mRNA ) in the rat brain . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Central CRF inhibits gastric emptying of a nutrient solid meal in rats : the role of CRF 2 receptors . ^^^ The nonselective CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptor antagonist , astressin , injected i . c . completely blocked the inhibitory effect of i . c . ^^^ These data show that central CRF and CRF related peptides are potent inhibitors of gastric emptying of a solid meal with a rank order of potency characteristic of the CRF 2 receptor subtype affinity ( sauvagine > urotensin 1 > CRF ) . ^^^ In addition , the reversal by astressin but not by the CRF 1 selective receptor antagonist further supports the view that the CRF 2 receptor subtype is primarily involved in central CRF induced delayed gastric emptying . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The role of CRF 2 receptors in corticotropin releasing factor and urocortin induced anorexia . ^^^ Male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with antisense and sense oligonucleotides ( ON ) to CRF 2 receptor mRNAs for 36 h and then received an intracerebroventricular ( i . c . v . ) injection of CRF , UCN ( 3 micrograms ) or saline . ^^^ The data suggest that down regulation of CRF 2 receptors selectively attenuates CRF and UCN induced anorexia and hypothalamo pituitary adrenocortical activation in rats . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We report the discovery of a new CRF 2 receptor splice isoform found in human brain , which we have termed the CRF2gamma receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| There was no apparent relationship between potency / affinity at CRF 2 receptors and effects in these two tests . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The following experimental groups were studied : CRF 1 ( 5 / 6 nephrectomized virgin female rats ) , CRF 2 ( 5 / 6 nephrectomized pregnant rats at day 20 21 of pregnancy ) , CRF 3 ( 5 / 6 nephrectomized rats 2 weeks after delivery ) and their respective sham operated control groups : N 1 , N 2 and N 3 . ^^^ The pregnancy in CRF rats ( CRF 2 ) resulted in normalization of serum iPTH levels ( 18 . 2+ / 5 . 41 pg / ml ) , which was associated with a parallel increase in serum calcitriol ( 29 . 4+ / 8 . 0 pg / ml ) similar to that in pregnancy of normal rats ( N 2 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The inhibition of gastric emptying by CRF may be mediated by the interaction with the CRF 2 receptors , while the anxiogenic and colonic motor responses may involve CRF 1 receptors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A recently cloned related peptide , Urocortin ( Ucn ) , appears to have similar affinity for the CRF 1 receptor , but higher affinity at the CRF 2 receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These fall into three distinct classes , encoded by three different genes and have been termed the CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors ( belonging to the superfamily of G protein coupled receptors ) and the CRF binding protein . ^^^ The CRF 2 receptor exists as three splice variants of the same gene and have been designated CRF2a CRF2b and CRF2g . ^^^ While the natural mammalian ligands oCRF and r / hCRF have high affinity for the CRF 1 receptor subtype , they have lower affinity for the CRF 2 receptor family making them ineffective labels for CRF 2 receptors . [ 125I ] Sauvagine has been characterized as a high affinity ligand for both the CRF 1 and the CRF 2 receptor subtypes and has been used in both radioligand binding and receptor autoradiographic studies as a tool to aid in the discovery of selective small molecule receptor antagonists . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Human CRF 2 alpha and beta splice variants : pharmacological characterization using radioligand binding and a luciferase gene expression assay . ^^^ These receptors are classified into two subtypes ( CRF 1 and CRF 2 ) . ^^^ Two isoforms belonging to the CRF 2 subtype receptors , CRF2alpha and CRF2beta , have been identified in rat and man . ^^^ Taken together , these results indicate that the pharmacological profiles of the CRF 2 splice variants are identical . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Differential regulation of the expression of corticotropin releasing factor receptor type 2 ( CRF 2 ) in hypothalamus and amygdala of the immature rat by sensory input and food intake . ^^^ The physiological consequences of activating corticotropin releasing factor receptor type 2 ( CRF 2 ) are not fully understood . ^^^ However , CRF 2 expression in the adult rat is not influenced by stress , corticosterone ( CORT ) , or food intake . ^^^ Thus , in the immature rat , ( 1 ) CRF 2 expression is regulated differentially in hypothalamic and amygdala regions , and ( 2 ) CRF2mRNA levels in VMH are governed primarily by maternal or suckling derived sensory input rather than food intake or peripheral stress hormones . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A novel series of derivatives of oxo 7H benzo [ e ] perimidine 4 carboxylic acid ( 1 ) potently displaced radioligand binding of 125I CRF to both CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors . ^^^ These are the first nonpeptide antagonists to show activity at both CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| An additional CRF like neuropeptide , urocortin , has been identified in the brain and has a high affinity for the CRF 2 receptor in addition to the CRF 1 receptor . ^^^ Results to date have led to the hypothesis that CRF 1 receptors may mediate CRF like neuropeptide effects on behavioral responses to stressors , but CRF 2 receptors may mediate the suppression of feeding produced by CRF like neuropeptides . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| At least two CRF receptors have been discovered to date , CRF 1 and CRF 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The anorectic effects of CRF and UCN were not blocked by the CRF 1 receptor antagonist antalarmin , suggesting that the peripheral effects of CRF and UCN on food intake are mediated primarily by the CRF 2 receptor . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two different corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) receptors , CRF 1 and CRF 2 , have been identified in rat and human brain . ^^^ In this study , the neuroanatomic distribution of CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptor binding sites in rhesus monkey ( Macaca mulatta ) was assessed by using iodine 125 ( [ 125I ) Tyr 0 ] sauvagine with or without the selective CRF 1 receptor antagonist CP 154 , 526 1 . ^^^ Both CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors were found in the pituitary and throughout the neocortex ( especially , in prefrontal , cingulate , striate , and insular cortices ) , amygdala , and hippocampal formation of the monkey brain . ^^^ These results suggest that , in primates , both CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors may be involved in mediating the effects of CRF on cognition , behavior , and pituitary adrenal function . ^^^ The presence of CRF 1 ( but not CRF 2 ) receptors within the locus coeruleus , cerebellar cortex , nucleus of the solitary tract , thalamus , and striatum and of CRF 2 ( but not CRF 1 ) receptors in the choroid plexus , certain hypothalamic nuclei , the nucleus prepositus , and the nucleus of the stria terminalis suggests that each receptor subtype also may have distinct functional roles within the primate central nervous system . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRF elicited intracellular cyclic AMP ( cAMP ) accumulation in AtT 20 cells which express the CRF 1 receptor but not the CRF 2 receptor , and COS 7 cells expressing CRF 1 or CRF2alpha receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A slight signal for CRF 2 receptor mRNA was also observed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The level of expression varied from 103 fmol / mg membrane protein to 1842 fmol / mg membrane protein ( rat CRF 1 receptors and rat CRF 2 receptors , respectively ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing the human CRF 1 or CRF 2 receptor were perfused in the Cytosensor with bicarbonate free Hams F 12 ( pH 7 . 4 ) containing 0 . 2 % bovine serum albumin . ^^^ CP 154 , 526 was a competitive antagonist at the CRF 1 receptor ( pK ( B ) = 8 . 17 + / 0 . 05 , n = 6 ) , but was inactive at the CRF 2 receptor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Identification of urocortin 3 , an additional member of the corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) family with high affinity for the CRF 2 receptor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These data demonstrate that urocortin acts in the brain to exacerbate acute liver injury through the sympathetic nervous system and suggest a possible involvement of the CRF 2 receptor in the central CRF induced exacerbation of acute liver injury in rats . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The inhibition of gastric emptying by CRF may be mediated by interaction with the CRF 2 receptor , while CRF 1 receptors are involved in the colonic and anxiogenic responses to stress . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These fall into three distinct classes , encoded by three different genes and have been termed the CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors and the CRF binding protein . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Seventy one patients ( 42 males , 29 females ) aged 60 + / 19 years with chronic renal failure ( CRF ) of different etiology and degree were divided into four groups according to serum creatinine levels [ sCr ( mg / dl ) ] and diet : CRF 1 > or = 1 . 5 3 . 0 , CRF 2 > 3 . 0 5 . 5 , and CRF 3 > 5 . 5 were all patients on a conventional low protein diet , while a fourth group included patients on a vegetarian diet supplemented with keto analogues and amino acids ( CRF SD > 3 . 0 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : The VLDL + IDL were isolated from 18 predialytic patients ( CRF 1 ) , 8 patients on hemodialysis ( CRF 2 ) and 10 asymptomatic controls . ^^^ RESULTS : The k 1 values of VLDL + IDL were significantly ( P < 0 . 001 ) lower in CRF 1 and CRF 2 patients ( 0 . 0341 and 0 . 0352 min 1 , respectively ) than controls ( 0 . 0515 min 1 ) . ^^^ The k 1 values of the combined CRF 1 and CRF 2 patient groups showed significant negative correlations ( P < 0 . 001 ) with FC ( r= 0 . 81 ) and CE ( r= 0 . 63 ) and a positive correlation with TG ( r=0 . 72 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Abnormal signaling at corticotropin releasing factor CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors might contribute to the pathophysiology of stress related disorders such as anxiety , depression and eating disorders , in addition to cardiac and inflammatory disorders . ^^^ Recently , molecular characterization of CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors and the cloning of novel ligands urocortin , stresscopin related peptide / urocortin 2 , and stresscopin / urocortin 3 have revealed a far reaching physiological importance for the family of CRF peptides . ^^^ Although the physiological roles of the CRF 2 receptor remain to be defined , the preclinical and clinical development of specific small molecule antagonists of the CRF 1 receptor opens new avenues for the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It was observed that human CRF N terminally truncated by eight residues was bound with high affinity to CRF 2 receptor ( Ki=5 . 4nM ) , whereas affinity for CRF 1 receptor was decreased ( Ki=250 nM ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRH expressing cells and their target neurons possessing CRH receptors ( CRF 1 and CRF 2 ) are distributed throughout the limbic system , but little is known about the regulation of limbic CRH receptor function and expression , including regulation by the peptide itself . ^^^ Binding capacities and mRNA levels of both CRF 1 and CRF 2 were determined at several time points after central CRH administration . ^^^ Enhanced CRF 1 expression with a different time course occurred also in hippocampal CA 3 , but not in CA 1 or amygdala , CRF 2 binding and mRNA levels were not altered by CRH administration . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Development of a selective photoactivatable antagonist for corticotropin releasing factor receptor , type 2 ( CRF 2 ) . ^^^ A novel photoactivatable analog of antisauvagine 30 ( aSvg 30 ) , a specific antagonist for corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) receptor , type 2 ( CRF 2 ) , has been synthesized and characterized . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Effects of a selective agonist and antagonist of CRF 2 receptors on cardiovascular function in the rat . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors in human cancers . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although the role of the CRF 1 receptor in the anxiogenic effects of CRF is well supported , the role of CRF 2 receptors in anxiety like behaviors is less clear . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : To characterize the effect of CRF on ASR in mice and determine the respective roles of CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors in CRF potentiated ASR . ^^^ METHODS : The present study examined : ( 1 ) the time course and dose response functions for the effects of human / rat ( h / r ) CRF ( 0 . 02 0 . 6 nmol , ICV ( intracerebroventricular ) ) on ASR in two inbred strains of mice ; ( 2 ) the effects of the CRF 1 receptor antagonist NBI 30775 ( 20 mg / kg , intraperitoneal ) and the CRF 2 receptor antagonist Antisauvagine 30 ( 1 10 nmol , ICV ) on CRF potentiated ASR and ( 3 ) the effects of the CRF 2 receptor agonist urocortin 2 ( 0 . 2 6 nmol , ICV ) on ASR in mice . ^^^ Both selective CRF 1 ) and CRF 2 ) antagonists attenuated h / r CRF potentiated ASR without affecting acoustic startle when given alone . ^^^ The selective CRF 2 receptor agonist urocortin 2 increased ASR ( 1 and 2 nmol ) , albeit with less efficacy than the non selective CRF receptor agonist h / r CRF . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A novel water soluble tricyclic CRF 1 antagonist , NBI 35965 was developed that displayed a high affinity for CRF 1 ( Ki approximately 4 nM ) while having no binding affinity to CRF 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two receptors activated by the corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) family of peptides have been identified , the CRF 1 receptor ( CRF1R ) and the CRF 2 receptor ( CRF2R ) . ^^^ Activation of the CRF 2 receptor modulates skeletal muscle mass under physiological and pathological conditions . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| IN vertebrates two CRF receptors ( CRF 1 and CRF 2 ) have been isolated and characterised . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We mapped the distribution of CRF receptor type 1 ( CRF 1 ) and 2 ( CRF 2 ) in the rat upper GI . ^^^ Polyclonal antisera directed against the C terminus of the CRF receptor protein were generated in rabbits and characterized by western blotting and immunofluorescence using CRF 1 and CRF 2 transfected cell lines and in primary cultured neurons from rat brain cortex . ^^^ A selective anti CRF 1 antiserum ( 4467a CRF 1 ) was identified and used in parallel with another antiserum recognizing both CRF 1 and CRF 2 ( 4392a CRF 1 & 2 ) to immunostain gastric tissue sections . ^^^ Finally , co localization of CRF 2 and urocortin immunoreactivity was found in the gastric glands . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Central CRF , urocortins and stress increase colonic transit via CRF 1 receptors while activation of CRF 2 receptors delays gastric transit in mice . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Urocortin shows a significantly high sequence homology to CRF , and the concurrent expression of type 2 CRF ( CRF 2 ) receptors with urocortin in the heart suggests that urocortin may play a physiological role in the cardiac function . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In whole cell recordings , both CRF and ethanol enhanced gamma aminobutyric acid mediated ( GABAergic ) neurotransmission in CeA neurons from wild type and CRF 2 receptor knockout mice , but not CRF 1 receptor knockout mice . ^^^ CRF 1 ( but not CRF 2 ) receptor antagonists blocked both CRF and ethanol effects in wild type mice . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Peripheral injection of CRF or urocortin inhibits gastric emptying and motility through interaction with CRF 2 receptors and stimulates colonic transit , motility , Fos expression in myenteric neurones and defecation through activation of CRF 1 receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRF 1 and CRF 2 are considered to function in the inhibition of food intake by CRF related peptides with different time courses . ^^^ OBJECTIVES : This study was designed to clarify whether CRF 2 is also involved in stress induced inhibition of food intake and to examine the relation of CRF1to CRF 2 in the inhibitory mechanism . ^^^ METHODS : Antisauvagine 30 ( AS 30 ) , a selective CRF 2 antagonist , and / or CRA 1000 , a selective CRF 1 antagonist , were pre administered intracerebroventricularly and intraperitoneally , respectively , to male Wistar rats deprived of food for 24 h before the animals were exposed to a 1 h period of stressors and food intake in 1 h after stress exposure was examined . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : These results suggest that not only CRF 1 , but also CRF 2 , are involved in stress induced inhibition of food intake , and that both subtypes of CRF receptor function probably in series in 1 h after stress exposure . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Given the behavioral characterization of these receptors , the objective of the following experiments was to characterize the role of CRF 2 receptors in the interaction between alcohol and stress by examining the effects of CRF 2 receptor activation in the behavioral stress response and ethanol self administration during early ethanol withdrawal in dependent rats . ^^^ The role of the CRF 2 receptor in the regulation of these behaviors during the early stages of withdrawal was examined via central injection of the highly selective CRF 2 receptor agonist urocortin 3 . ^^^ These data suggest that activation of the CRF 2 receptor may provide a novel target in the attenuation of the stress response characteristic of the early stages of ethanol withdrawal . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These limbic nuclei are reciprocally innervated , are involved in stress and affective disorders , and have high densities of the CRF receptors CRF 1 and CRF 2 . ^^^ In the CeA , CRF ( r / h ) depressed excitatory glutamatergic transmission through a CRF 1 mediated postsynaptic action , whereas Ucn 1 facilitated synaptic responses through presynaptic and postsynaptic CRF 2 mediated mechanisms . ^^^ Conversely , in the LSMLN , CRF caused a CRF 1 mediated facilitation of glutamatergic transmission via postsynaptic mechanisms , whereas Ucn 1 depressed EPSCs by postsynaptic and presynaptic CRF 2 mediated actions . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) receptor families have been identified ( CRF 1 and CRF 2 ) . ^^^ Whereas anxiogenic like roles for the CRF 1 receptor have been identified , behavioral functions of the CRF 2 receptor remain obscure . ^^^ Urocortin 2 ( Ucn 2 ) , a CRF related peptide that selectively binds CRF 2 receptors , was recently identified and recognized for its central anorectic properties . ^^^ Thus , central infusion of a CRF 2 receptor agonist suppressed intake of both bland and palatable diets without inducing behavioral arousal or malaise , and the profile of anorexigenic effects qualitatively differed from those of a CRF 1 receptor agonist . ^^^ The results suggest the existence of distinct forms of CRF 1 and CRF 2 mediated anorexia . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of the selective CRF 2 receptor agonists urocortin 2 and urocortin 3 . ^^^ We compared the in vivo efficacy of two selective CRF 2 agonists , mouse urocortin 2 ( mUcn 2 ) and human urocortin 3 ( hUcn 3 ) , using food intake , anxious behavior , or ACTH release in CD 1 or Balb / c mice as indices of biological stress responses . ^^^ These data suggest that the CRF 2 receptor subtype plays a primary role in the activation of behavioral , but not neuroendocrine , stress responses . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| No expression of CRF 2 receptor transcripts was observed in the PVN , either in basal conditions or after TNBS . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Urocortin 1 has a high affinity for both corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) type 1 receptor ( CRF 1 ) and CRF type 2 receptor ( CRF 2 ) , and urocortins 2 and 3 have a high affinity for CRF 2 , while CRF has a low affinity for CRF 2 and a high affinity for CRF 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) and the CRF like peptide urocortin 1 ( UcnI ) exert their activity through two different CRF receptors , CRF 1 and CRF 2 . ^^^ Recently , UcnII and UcnIII have been discovered as potential endogenous agonists selective for CRF 2 known to be involved in brain functions such as learning and anxiety , as well as in cardiovascular functions . ^^^ In support of this hypothesis , binding affinity to CRF 1 of the chimeric peptides [ Pro11Ile12Gly13 ] h / rCRF , [ Pro11Thr12Asn13 ] h / rCRF , and the corresponding rUcnI analogs was found to be decreased by three orders of magnitude , whereas binding affinity to CRF 2 was much less affected . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRF receptor antagonism blocks stress induced endocrine , autonomic , and behavioral effects in animal models , and studies have implicated the CRF 2 receptor in anxiety related behaviors . ^^^ Greater understanding of the regulation of CRF 2 expression may facilitate understanding mechanisms underlying anxiety . ^^^ The present studies are the first to characterize the transcriptional regulation of the human CRF 2 ( a ) , the predominant CRF 2 isoform in brain . ^^^ Four kilobase pairs of sequence immediately upstream of the first exon of CRF 2 ( a ) represented our full length promoter region . ^^^ Sequentially smaller fragments of the CRF 2 ( a ) promoter region were generated by PCR and cloned upstream of a luciferase reporter gene . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRF 2 receptors are highly expressed in the human cardiovascular system and their cognate ligands urocortins 2 and 3 are potent vasodilators . 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cell type specific calcium signaling by corticotropin releasing factor type 1 ( CRF 1 ) and 2a ( CRF 2 ( a ) ) receptors : phospholipase C mediated responses in human embryonic kidney 293 but not SK N MC neuroblastoma cells . ^^^ The human corticotropin releasing factor ( hCRF ) receptors CRF 1 and CRF 2 ( a ) couple to the Gs protein . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Urocortin 2 ( Ucn 2 ) and Ucn 3 are new members of the corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) family and bind selectively to the CRF type 2 receptor ( CRF 2 ) . ^^^ These results suggest that the CRF 2 receptor is involved in motor suppressive effects as well as anxiolytic and anorectic effects of Ucn 2 and Ucn 3 . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition to urocortin ( Ucn 1 ) , Ucn 2 and Ucn 3 were identified as endogenous ligands for corticotropin releasing factor type 2 receptor ( CRF 2 receptor ) . ^^^ CRF 2 receptor is abundantly located in central hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus ( VMH ) and in peripheral cardiovascular system . ^^^ In this mini review , we focused on the roles of these urocortins and CRF 2 receptor in the hypothalamus and the cardiovascular system . ^^^ Therefore , it is thought that Ucn 2 may modulate CRF and vasopressin synthesis in the PVN in a paracrine or autocrine fashion through PVN CRF 2 receptor . ^^^ The early and later phases of Ucn 1 mediated feeding suppression may be CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptor mediated events , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Urocortin 1 binds with high affinity to CRF type 1 ( CRF 1 ) and type 2 ( CRF 2 ) receptors while Ucn 2 and Ucn 3 are selective CRF 2 ligands . ^^^ Studies with selective CRF 1 and CRF 2 antagonists demonstrated that the gastric inhibitory and colonic stimulatory effects of exogenously administered Ucns are mediated through CRF 2 and CRF 1 receptors , respectively . ^^^ In addition , Ucn 2 showed visceral anti nociceptive activity associated with the selective activation of CRF 2 receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Conversely , measures of urocortin 1 and CRF 2 receptor function were increased . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The DRN has a high density of the type 2 receptor ( CRF 2 ) , and so the present experiments explored the impact of CRF 2 activation within the DRN on 5 HT function . ^^^ The intra DRN administration of the selective CRF 2 agonist urocortin 2 ( Ucn 2 ) dose dependently increased 5 HT efflux in the basolateral amygdala , a projection region of the DRN . ^^^ Both of these effects of Ucn 2 were completely blocked by intra DRN antisauvagine 30 ( ASV 30 ) , a relatively selective CRF 2 antagonist . ^^^ These data suggest that CRF 1 and CRF 2 activation within the DRN affect 5 HT neurons in opponent fashion . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RT PCR revealed expression of CRF 1 receptor mRNA , but not CRF 2 , in both myenteric and submucosal plexuses . ^^^ The CRF evoked depolarizing responses were suppressed by the CRF1 / CRF2 receptor antagonist astressin and the selective CRF 1 receptor antagonist NBI 27914 and were unaffected by the selective CRF 2 receptor antagonist antisauvagine 30 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Effect of central corticotropin releasing factor on hepatic circulation in rats : the role of the CRF 2 receptor in the brain . ^^^ CRF ( 0 . 1 4 nmol ) , urocortin 2 ( a selective CRF 2 receptor agonist 2 . 5 100 pmol ) , or saline vehicle was injected intracisternally , and changes in hepatic circulation were observed for 120 minutes . ^^^ We examined the effects of various pretreatments with K 41498 , a selective CRF 2 receptor antagonist , atropine , 6 hydroxydopamine , hepatic plexus denervation , or hepatic branch vagotomy , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Peptide ligand binding properties of the corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) type 2 receptor : pharmacology of endogenously expressed receptors , G protein coupling sensitivity and determinants of CRF 2 receptor selectivity . ^^^ The CRF 2 receptor is involved in stress responses , cardiovascular function and gastric motility . ^^^ Endogenous agonists ( urocortin ( UCN ) 2 , UCN 3 ) and synthetic antagonists ( astressin 2 B , antisauvagine 30 ) are selective for CRF 2 over the CRF 1 receptor . ^^^ Peptide ligand binding properties of the CRF 2 receptor require further investigation , including ligand affinity for endogenously expressed receptors , the effect of receptor G protein coupling on ligand affinity , and the molecular basis of ligand selectivity . ^^^ Therefore ligands differ in the contribution of receptor domains to their selectivity , and CRF 2 selective antagonists bind the juxtamembrane domain . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) like peptides mediate their effects via two receptor subtypes , CRF 1 and CRF 2 ; these receptors have functional implication in the motility of the stomach and colon in rats . ^^^ Expression and effects of metabotropic CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors in rat small intestine . ^^^ Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) like peptides mediate their effects via two receptor subtypes , CRF 1 and CRF 2 ; these receptors have functional implication in the motility of the stomach and colon in rats . ^^^ We evaluated expression and functions of CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors in the rat small intestine ( i . e . , duodenum and ileum ) . ^^^ Quantitative RT PCR showed a stronger expression of CRF 2 than CRF 1 in the ileum , whereas CRF 1 expression was higher than CRF 2 expression in the duodenum . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) and urocortin ( Ucn 1 ) are endogenous members among a family of CRF related peptides that activate two different and synaptically localized G protein coupled receptors , CRF 1 and CRF 2 . ^^^ Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) and urocortin ( Ucn 1 ) are endogenous members among a family of CRF related peptides that activate two different and synaptically localized G protein coupled receptors , CRF 1 and CRF 2 . ^^^ In brain slice recordings from the LSMLN of control ( saline treated ) rats , glutamatergic synaptic transmission was facilitated by activation of CRF 1 receptors with CRF but was depressed after activation of CRF 2 receptors with Ucn 1 . ^^^ After acute withdrawal from a chronic cocaine administration regimen , CRF 1 activation remained facilitatory , but CRF 2 activation facilitated rather than depressed LSMLN EPSCs . ^^^ These alterations in CRF 2 effects occurred through both presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| For CRF 2 ( a ) rNT , which bears five cysteine residues ( C 2 C6 ) , the disulfide arrangement C 2 C5 and C 4 C6 was found , leaving C 3 free . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ucn 2 is expressed in the adrenal medulla , and its receptor , CRF 2 receptor , is also expressed in the adrenal gland . ^^^ PC 12 cells were found to express CRF 2 receptor , but not CRF 1 receptor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) is released in response to various types of stressors and mediates endocrine , autonomic , immune , and behavioral responses to stress through interaction with CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors . ^^^ Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) is released in response to various types of stressors and mediates endocrine , autonomic , immune , and behavioral responses to stress through interaction with CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Some of the physiological and behavioral effects of CRF related peptides may be due to actions on CRF type 2 ( CRF 2 ) receptors modulating serotonergic systems in the dorsal raphe nucleus ( DR ) . ^^^ To determine if CRF 2 receptor activation has effects on serotonergic neurons in the DR in conscious behaving rats , we gave intracerebroventricular ( icv ) injections of the selective CRF 2 receptor agonist urocortin 2 ( 0 , 0 . 01 , 0 . 1 , or 1 . 0 mug in 2 microl saline ) to adult male Wistar rats and quantified c Fos expression in topographically organized subpopulations of serotonergic neurons within the DR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ucn 1 binds to both CRF type 1 ( CRF 1 ) and type 2 receptors ( CRF 2 ) , whereas Ucn 3 is a specific agonist for CRF 2 . ^^^ Both CRF type 1 and CRF 2 were expressed in the cortex , particularly in the zonae fasciculata and reticularis but very weakly or undetectably in the medulla . ^^^ Immunohistochemistry in serial tissue sections with mirror images revealed that both Ucn 3 and CRF 2 were colocalized in more than 85 % of the adrenocortical cells . mRNA in situ hybridization confirmed these findings above . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Divergent role for CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors in the modulation of visceral pain . ^^^ Here , this dual action of CRF was differentiated by selective ( in ) activation of the CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptor prior to a visceral pain stimulus . ^^^ The pro nociceptive effects of CRF on the behavioural response were attenuated by a selective CRF 1 ( CP 154526 ; 20 mg kg 1 ) but not a selective CRF 2 [ antiSauvagine 30 ( aSVG 30 ) ; 100 microg kg 1 ] antagonist . ^^^ Selective activation of the CRF 2 receptor by stresscopin related peptide ( SRP ; i . p . 25 microg kg 1 ) reduced the distension induced visceromotor and behavioural response . ^^^ These findings indicate that the CRF 1 receptor is involved in pro nociception of visceral pain , whereas the CRF 2 receptor is mainly involved in antinociception . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated the effects of peripheral injection of sauvagine , a CRF 2 > CRF 1 receptor ( corticotropin releasing factor ) agonist compared with CRF , on two sets of tonic colorectal distension ( CRDs 30 , 40 , 50 mmHg , 3 min on / off ) induced visceromotor response ( VMR ) measured as area under the curve ( AUC ) of abdominal muscle contraction in conscious female rats . ^^^ These data suggest that peripheral CRF 2 receptor activation exerts antinociceptive effects on CRD induced visceral pain , whereas CRF 1 contributes to visceral sensitization . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Urocortin 3 ( Ucn 3 ) or stresscopin ( SCP ) is a new member of the corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) neuropeptide family and is a specific ligand for CRF type 2 receptor ( CRF 2 ) . ^^^ In addition , immunohistochemistry demonstrated CRF 2 expression in myenteric and submucosal nervous plexus , in smooth muscle layers , in VECs , in VSMCs and in lamina propria inflammatory cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The urocortin 1 ( Ucn 1 ) neurons of the mid brain localized Edinger Westphal nucleus ( EW ) are robustly responsive to ethanol ( EtOH ) administration , and send projections to the dorsal raphe nucleus ( DRN ) , which contains corticotropin releasing factor type 2 receptors ( CRF 2 ) that are responsive to Ucn 1 . ^^^ Groups of mice underwent cannulation of the DRN , and then received i . p . injections of EtOH ( 2g / kg ) or LPS ( 600 microg / kg or 400 microg / kg ) , followed by intra DRN injections of artificial cerebrospinal fluid ( aCSF ) or anti sauvagine ( aSVG ) ( 55 pmol ) , a CRF 2 antagonist . ^^^ These data demonstrate that EtOH induced hypothermia , but not LPS induced hypothermia , may involve Ucn 1 from EW acting at CRF 2 receptors in the DRN . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The objective of these studies was to examine the effect of corticotropin releasing factor receptor type 2 ( CRF 2 ) on ethanol consumption , conditioned taste aversion , sedation , and hypothermia . ^^^ METHODS : CRF 2 null mutant or knock out ( KO ) , and wild type ( WT ) mice were used to assess consumption of increasing concentrations of ethanol in a two bottle , 24 hr test and during daily limited access sessions . ^^^ Ethanol induced conditioned taste aversion ( CTA ) , loss of righting reflex ( LORR ) , hypothermia , and ethanol metabolism kinetics were also examined in the CRF 2 KO and WT mice . ^^^ RESULTS : CRF 2 KO mice did not differ from WT mice in sensitivity to ethanol induced CTA , LORR , hypothermia , or ethanol metabolism kinetics . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : CRF 2 deficiency had little effect on several ethanol associated behaviors in CRF 2 null mutant compared with WT mice , suggesting that this receptor does not have a primary role in modulating these behaviors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Their biological effects are mediated by the CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors , which belong to the G protein coupled receptor super family . ^^^ In the gastrointestinal tract , these compounds open new therapeutic options in the treatment of lower GI inflammatory diseases associated to CRF , such as the chronic inflammatory bowel syndromes , irritable bowel disease and ulcerative colitis while Ucn , Ucn 1 , Ucn 2 or synthetic non peptide CRF 2 agonists may be useful in the treatment of upper GI inflammatory diseases . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the brain , CRF 2 receptor , but not CRF 1 receptor , is involved in this action . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We characterize the pharmacology of the frog peptides and show that 10 . laevis urocortin 1 binds to and activates the frog CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors at picomolar concentrations . ^^^ Similar to mammals , frog urocortin 3 is selective for the CRF 2 receptor . ^^^ Our findings show that the functional relationships among CRF ligands and binding proteins , and their anorexigenic actions mediated by the CRF 2 receptor , arose early in vertebrate evolution . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Microinjection of the neuropeptide Y 1 receptor antagonist , BIBP 3226 ( 200 pmol ) , or the nonselective CRF receptor antagonist , astressin ( 30 pmol ) , into the PVN abolished the stimulatory effect of ghrelin injected into the PVN on colonic transit time , whereas pretreatment with the selective CRF 2 receptor , antisauvagine 30 ( 28 pmol ) , failed to affect the effect of PVN ghrelin injection on colonic propulsion . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The identification of the various elements of the Corticotropin Releasing Factor ( CRF ) system including the characterisation of four mammalian CRF related peptides , the cloning of two CRF receptor subtypes 1 and 2 ( CRF 1 ; CRF 2 ) and the development of selective CRF 1 receptor antagonists has allowed investigators to establish an important role for the CRF signalling pathways in coordinating the physiological and behavioural components of the stress response . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated whether repeated ethanol exposure affects Ucn 1 and Ucn 1 responsive corticotropin releasing factor type 2 receptors ( CRF 2 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In vivo studies suggest that corticotrophin releasing factor ( CRF ) and CRF like peptides , urocortin 1 ( UCN 1 ) and UCN 2 , inhibit gastric emptying and stimulate colonic motility through CRF 2 and CRF 1 receptors , respectively . ^^^ We evaluated expression and functions of CRF , UCN 1 , UCN 2 and CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors in the rat gastric antrum . ^^^ Some experiments were realized in the presence of specific CRF 1 or CRF 2 receptors antagonists . ^^^ CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors like immunoreactivity ( CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors LI ) was localized in fibers and neurons of the myenteric ganglia . ^^^ CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors LI was also found in nerve fibers distributed in the muscle layers . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The CRF signal is transmitted by two distinct receptors named CRF receptor 1 ( CRF 1 ) and CRF 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) is a 41 amino acid peptide with distinct effects on gastrointestinal motility involving both CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptor mediated mechanisms that are generally claimed to be centrally mediated . ^^^ Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) is a 41 amino acid peptide with distinct effects on gastrointestinal motility involving both CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptor mediated mechanisms that are generally claimed to be centrally mediated . ^^^ Stresscopin , a CRF 2 receptor agonist , could not activate neurons at 10 ( 7 ) M , and its effect at 10 ( 6 ) M ( 15 . 3 % , n = 59 ) was completely blocked by CP 154 , 526 . ^^^ Immunohistochemical staining for CRF 1 receptors clearly labeled individual cell bodies in the ganglia , whereas the CRF 2 receptor staining was barely above background . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Evidence supporting a role for corticotropin releasing factor type 2 ( CRF 2 ) receptors in the regulation of subpopulations of serotonergic neurons . ^^^ Some of these effects may be mediated via the CRF type 2 ( CRF 2 ) receptor on serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus ( DR ) . ^^^ To determine if the CRF 2 receptor agonist urocortin 2 ( Ucn 2 ) increases c Fos expression in rat DR serotonergic neurons via actions on CRF 2 receptors , we gave intracerebroventricular ( icv ) injections of mouse Ucn 2 after icv injections of either saline or the CRF 2 receptor antagonist antisauvagine 30 ( ASV 30 ) . ^^^ Mouse Ucn 2 had no effect on c Fos expression within the median raphe nucleus , consistent with the hypothesis that Ucn 2 has specific actions on an anatomically and functionally distinct subset of serotonergic neurons via activation of CRF 2 receptors . ^^^ These findings are also consistent with the hypothesis that Ucn 2 , or another CRF related neuropeptide acting at CRF 2 receptors , modulates physiological and behavioral responses to stress related stimuli via actions on a specific subset of serotonergic neurons within the dorsal raphe nucleus . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND AND AIMS : Activation of corticotropin releasing factor 1 ( CRF 1 ) receptors is involved in stress related responses and visceral pain , while activation of CRF 2 receptors dampens the endocrine and some behavioural stress responses . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) acts through CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors ( CRF 1 , CRF 2 ) . ^^^ Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) acts through CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors ( CRF 1 , CRF 2 ) . ^^^ To test the hypothesis that CRF controls the expression of these receptors in a brain site and receptor type specific manner , we studied CRF 1 mRNA and CRF 2 mRNA expressions in mice with central CRF over expression ( CRF OE ) and using in situ hybridization . ^^^ CRF 1 and CRF 2 mRNAs appear to be differentially distributed across the brain . ^^^ However , from counting cell body profiles positive for CRF 1 and CRF 2 mRNAs , clear differences appear in receptor expression between CRF OE and WT mice , in a brain structure specific fashion . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effects of CRF peptides were inhibited by the CRF 2 antagonist anti sauvagine 30 , but not by the CRF 1 antagonist antalarmin , suggesting that CRF peptides mediated the up regulation of TLR 4 via the CRF 2 receptor . ^^^ They augment the effect of LPS by inducing Tlr 4 gene expression , through CRF 2 , via activation of the transcription factors PU . 1 and AP 1 . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We report our experience with the Judet CRF 2 radial head prosthesis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Following intracerebroventricular ( i . c . v . ) injection of ovine CRF ( oCRF ) , an endogenous peptide agonist at both CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors , defensive behaviors of CD 1 mice were evaluated in the Mouse Defensive Test Battery ( MDTB ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A possible involvement of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a ( GHS R1a ) or the corticotropin releasing factor 2 ( CRF 2 ) receptor ( CRF2R ) , as a putative receptor for UAG , was also studied determining their mRNA expression and the functional effects of receptor antagonists on insulin release . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The second full length cDNA isolated from Xenopus brain and heart encoded a 413 amino acid protein with approximately 81 % identity to the alpha variant of mammalian CRF receptor , type 2 ( CRF R 2 ) . ^^^ No evidence could be obtained that the beta variant of CRF R 2 existed in Xenopus laevis . ^^^ Binding studies using human embryonic kidney 293 ( HEK 293 ) cells stably transfected with xenopus CRF R 2 showed that the CRF analogues urotensin 1 , urocortin , and sauvagine were bound with higher affinities than human / rat CRF , xenopus CRF , and ovine CRF . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The actions of the corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) family of peptides are mediated by the seven transmembrane domain G protein coupled receptors , the CRF receptors type 1 ( CRF 1 receptor ) and type 2 ( CRF 2 receptor ) . ^^^ Urocortin 1 ( UCN 1 ) , a peptide of the CRF family , binds both CRF 1 receptor and CRF 2 receptor with equal affinities . ^^^ Urocortin 3 ( UCN 3 ) , a highly selective ligand for CRF 2 receptor with little affinity for CRF 1 receptor , has been shown in rat pancreatic beta cells . ^^^ Antisauvagine 30 , a selective CRF 2 receptor antagonist , appeared to enhance the UCN 1 effect on the elevation of [ Ca2+ ] 1 . ^^^ Taken together , the activation of CRF 2 receptor antagonizes the CRF 1 receptor stimulated Ca2+ influx . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Astressin 2B , a special CRF 2 receptor antagonist , had no influence on this inhibition . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| MATERIALS AND METHODS : Male Long Evans rats were bilaterally infused with CRF ( 0 . 2 or 1 . 0 nmol ) either alone or in combination with the CRF 1 receptor antagonist CP 154 , 526 or the CRF 2 receptor antagonist anti sauvagine 30 ( AS 30 ) before behavioral testing in the elevated plus maze or place conditioning paradigms . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : CRF 1 receptors in the BNST mediate the anxiogenic like effects of CRF in this region , whereas both CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptor subtypes mediate the conditioned aversive effects of this peptide within the BNST . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| From brain , heart and muscle tissue of the tree shrew ( Tupaia belangeri ) , a higher order mammal , cDNA clones were isolated that encoded two functional splice variants of the corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) type 2 receptor ( CRF R 2 ) . ^^^ Finally , human embryonic kidney 293 ( HEK 293 ) cells stably transfected with tCRF R2alpha and tCRF R2beta were used to demonstrate that the CRF analogs urocortin and sauvagine bind with significantly greater affinity ( 21 to 140 fold ) to these two CRF R 2 splice variants than do human / rat and ovine CRF analogs . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both fish neuropeptides possessed an order of magnitude less potency than human urocortin in CRF R 2 transfected cells . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Our study shows for the first time that HUVEC express CRF messenger ribonucleic acid and peptide as well as the CRF R 2 gene , and that CRF release is differentially regulated by several distinct molecules . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The rank order of potency of the natural CRF agonists , hCRF , ovine CRF , sauvagine , and urotensin , corresponded to that of their activities on CRF R 1 in rat pituitary cells and also to that reported for this receptor , but not for CRF R 2 , when transfected into various cell lines . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The results suggest that urocortin induces relaxation of cerebral arteries by activating CRF R 2 receptors present in the vascular wall . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ucn activates CRF receptors ( both CRF R 1 and CRF R 2 ) with greater potency than CRF itself , suggesting that Ucn may play an endogenous role in eliciting ( at least some ) CRF receptor mediated events . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The characteristics of a high affinity antagonist radioligand are compared with those a high affinity agonist in binding to the cloned corticotropin releasing factor receptor type 1 ( CRF R 1 ) and type 2 ( CRF R 2 ) and to the native receptors that exist in rat cerebellum and brain stem . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Urocortin , a new mammalian member of the corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) family has been proposed to be the endogenous ligand for CRF receptor 2 ( CRF R 2 ) . ^^^ We studied the influence of intravenous urocortin on gastric emptying and the role of CRF R 2 in peptide action and postoperative gastric ileus in conscious rats . ^^^ At these intravenous doses , CRF and urocortin have their actions fully reversed by the CRF R1 / CRF R 2 antagonist astressin at antagonist / agonist ratios of 5 : 1 and 67 : 1 , respectively . ^^^ These results as well as earlier ones showing that alpha helical CRF 9 41 ( a CRF R 2 more selective antagonist ) partly prevented postoperative ileus indicate that peripheral CRF R 2 may be primarily involved in intravenous urocortin , CRF , and abdominal surgery induced gastric stasis . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunohistochemical staining using CRF receptor antibodies revealed the presence of both type 1 ( CRF R 1 ) and type 2 ( CRF R 2 ) receptors for CRF in the majority of islet cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Histochemical and axonal transport methods were used to clarify the central organization of cells and fibers that express urocortin ( UCN ) , a recently discovered corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) related neuropeptide , which has been proposed as an endogenous ligand for type 2 CRF receptors ( CRF R 2 ) . ^^^ Although substantial UCN ir projections were observed to several brainstem cell groups that express CRF R 2 , including the dorsal raphe and interpeduncular nuclei and the nucleus of the solitary tract ( NTS ) , most prominent seats of CRF R 2 expression were found to contain inputs immunopositive for piscine urotensin 1 , but not rat UCN . ^^^ Several observations , including the lack of a pervasive relationship of UCN ir projections with CRF R 2 expressing targets , support the existence of still additional CRF related peptides in mammalian brain . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of CRF R 2 , the other major CRF receptor subtype , was not down regulated significantly by withdrawal in any of the regions examined , although morphine alone significantly increased levels of this receptor subtype . ^^^ Taken together , the behavioral and receptor regulation findings indicate that CRF R 1 is the primary mediator of the actions of the CRF system on opiate withdrawal , although it is possible that CRF R 2 contributes to the response . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Unique sites of CRF R 2 expression were relatively unresponsive to CRF but were more so after icv administration of urocortin ( UCN ) , a new mammalian CRF related peptide . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two distinct CRF receptors ( CRF R 1 and CRF R 2 ) have been characterized : CRF R 1 consists of two isoforms ( CRF R1alpha and CRF R1beta ) while CRF R 2 has at least three different splice variants ( CRF R2alpha , CRF R2beta and CRF R2gamma ) . ^^^ To date , CRF R 1 receptor has been identified in human placenta and in pregnant myometrium , while no evidence for placental CRF R 2 receptor isoforms has been provided . ^^^ The present study investigated whether the different isoforms of CRF R 1 and CRF R 2 receptor mRNA are expressed in fetal membranes and placenta . ^^^ In addition , among the three CRF R 2 splice variants , only CRF R2beta mRNA was expressed by trophoblast and fetal membranes . ^^^ By using in situ hybridization , CRF R 1 and CRF R 2 probes positively hybridized trophoblast and related membranes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRF receptor type 2 ( CRF R 2 ) messenger RNA ( mRNA ) expression in the rodent heart is modulated by exposure to both the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) and glucocorticoids . ^^^ Incubation with CRF R 2 ligands or dexamethasone reduced CRF R2beta mRNA levels . ^^^ The multifactorial regulation of CRF R2beta mRNA expression in the cardiovascular system may serve to limit the inotropic and chronotropic effects of CRF R 2 agonists such as urocortin during prolonged physical or immune challenge . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two CRF receptors , encoded by distinct genes , CRF R 1 and CRF R 2 , and that can exist in two alternatively spliced forms , have been cloned . ^^^ In the rodent , one splice variant of the type 2 receptor , CRF R 2 alpha , is expressed mainly in the brain , whereas the other variant , CRF R 2 beta , is found not only in the CNS , but also in cardiac and skeletal muscle , epididymis , and the gastrointestinal tract . ^^^ The poor correlation between the sites of expression of CRF R 2 and CRF , as well as the relatively low affinity of CRF for CRF R 2 , suggested the presence of another ligand , whose existence was confirmed in our cloning of urocortin . ^^^ On the basis of its greater affinity for urocortin , in comparison with CRF , as well as its brain distribution , CRF R 2 may be the cognate receptor for urocortin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Given the multiple immunomodulatory effects of peripherally administered CRF and UCN and the high levels of CRF receptor type 2 ( CRF R 2 ) mRNA and protein expressed in the heart , the lymphoid organs and heart have become targets for some of the latest CRF related research . ^^^ Following on from these initial results , we used semi quantitative RT PCR to carry out a comprehensive study assessing the relative amounts of CRF , UCN , CRF R 1 , CRF R 2 and CRF BP mRNAs in the brain , thymus , spleen and heart of normal , untreated rats . ^^^ The rank orders of mRNA abundance in each of the tissue types were as follows : for CRF , brain > > thymus=spleen=heart ; for UCN , heart > / =brain > thymus > spleen ; for CRFR 1 , brain > > thymus > spleen ( absent in heart ) ; for CRF R 2 , brain=heart > thymus > spleen ; and CRF BP was only detectable in the brain . ^^^ We have provided evidence for the existence of CRF , UCN , CRF R 1 and CRF R 2 expression in resting immune cells , with UCN expression being particularly predominant in the rat thymus and human Jurkat cells . ^^^ Additionally , the high levels of UCN mRNA detected in heart corresponded to the high expression of CRF R 2 mRNA , suggesting an important role for UCN / CRF R 2 coupling in this tissue . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We analysed the influence of oxygen glucose deprivation ( OGD ) on the expression of corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) receptors ( CRF R 1 and CRF R 2 ) in fetal hippocampal neurons in vitro . ^^^ Levels of mRNA for CRF R 1 were increased 3 . 2 fold compared to control neurons , while CRF R 2 mRNA levels remained unchanged . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRF R 2 mRNA displayed comparable expression in rat and mouse brain , distinct from , and more restricted than that of CRF R 1 . ^^^ Major neuronal sites of CRF R 2 expression included aspects of the olfactory bulb , lateral septal nucleus , bed nucleus of the stria terminalis , ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus , medial and posterior cortical nuclei of the amygdala , ventral hippocampus , mesencephalic raphe nuclei , and novel localizations in the nucleus of the solitary tract and area postrema . ^^^ In pituitary , rat and mouse displayed CRF R 1 mRNA signal continuously over the intermediate lobe and over a subset of cells in the anterior lobe , whereas CRF R 2 transcripts were expressed mainly in the posterior lobe . ^^^ The distinctive expression pattern of CRF R 2 mRNA identifies additional putative central sites of action for CRF and / or UCN . ^^^ Constitutive expression of CRF R 2 mRNA in the nucleus of the solitary tract , and stress inducible expression of CRF R 1 transcripts in the paraventricular nucleus may provide a basis for understanding documented effects of CRF related peptides at a loci shown previously to lack a capacity for CRF R expression or CRF binding . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND & AIMS : Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) exerts its action through CRF receptors 1 and 2 ( CRF R 1 and CRF R 2 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The second full length cDNA , which was cloned from catfish heart , encodes a 406 amino acid protein that showed homology to murine CRF R 2 ( 88 % ) and when expressed in COS 7 cells preferentially bound sauvagine . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Urocortin ( UCN ) , is a peptide related to hypothalamic corticotrophin releasing hormone ( CRF ) and binds with high affinity to the CRF R 2 beta receptor which is expressed in the heart . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The CRF R1 / CRF R 2 antagonist astressin B ( 30 microg / kg ip ) and the selective CRF R 2 antagonist antisauvagine 30 ( 100 microg / kg ip ) completely antagonized urocortin action , whereas the selective CRF R 1 antagonist CP 154 , 526 ( 10 mg / kg ip ) had no effect . ^^^ These data indicate that intraperitoneal urocortin induced decrease in feeding is only partly mediated by CRF R 2 , whereas urocortin action to delay gastric emptying of a meal involves primarily CRF R2 . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The two receptor agonists were D Glu 20 CRF and D Pro 5 CRF , selective for the CRF R 1 and the CRF R 2 receptors , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Pharmacological studies showed that Ucn 3 is a high affinity ligand for the type 2 CRF receptor ( CRF R 2 ) . ^^^ Several major Ucn 3 terminal fields identified in the present study , including the lateral septum and the ventromedial hypothalamus , are known to express high levels of CRF R 2 . ^^^ Thus , these anatomical data strongly support the notion that Ucn 3 is an endogenous ligand for CRF R 2 in these areas . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVE : Corticotropin releasing factor receptor type 2 ( CRF R 2 ) messenger RNA ( mRNA ) expression in the rodent heart or vessels is modulated by exposure to urocortin and glucocorticoids . ^^^ CONCLUSION : The multifactorial regulation of CRF R2beta mRNA expression in the A7r5 cells serves to limit the inotropic and chronotropic effects of CRF R 2 agonists such as urocortin during prolonged physical or immune challenge . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ucn binds with very high affinity to both CRF receptor type 1 ( CRF R 1 ) and CRF receptor type 2 ( CRF R 2 ) . ^^^ Endogenously produced Ucn may therefore exert its effects mostly through CRF R 2 in an autocrine and / or paracrine manner in the human heart . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRF receptor 2 ( CRF R 2 ) has been identified in the rat pituitary . ^^^ In the present study , we localized CRF R 2 mRNA in gonadotropes of the anterior pituitary . ^^^ We also demonstrated that the expression of CRF R 2 in the pituitary is sensitive to alterations to the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis as CRF R 2 mRNA levels in the anterior pituitary of male rats were significantly decreased 6 h after bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) injection or restraint stress . ^^^ Subcutaneous corticosterone injections also resulted in significant suppression of CRF R 2 mRNA levels in the pituitary , suggesting that glucocorticoids are involved in modulating CRF R 2 mRNA levels in the pituitary under stress . ^^^ LPS administration still caused a significant suppression of CRF R 2 mRNA levels in the anterior pituitary of adrenalectomized rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This effect involves CRF receptor 2 ( CRF R 2 ) and activation of the phospholipase C ( PLC ) protein kinase C ( PKC ) pathway . ^^^ These results provide evidence of the first specific roles for CRF R 2 and CRF BP in the modulation of neuronal activity and suggest that NMDARs in the VTA may be a target for both drugs of abuse and stress . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) like proteins act via two G protein coupled receptors ( CRF R 1 and CRF R 2 ) playing important neuromodulatory roles in stress responses and synaptic plasticity . ^^^ Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) like proteins act via two G protein coupled receptors ( CRF R 1 and CRF R 2 ) playing important neuromodulatory roles in stress responses and synaptic plasticity . ^^^ Both CRF R 1 and CRF R 2 were expressed in climbing fibres from early stages ( post natal day 3 ) to the adult , but CRF R 2 immunoreactivity was only prominent throughout the molecular layer in the posterior cerebellar lobules . ^^^ In Purkinje cells , CRF R 1 immunoreactivity was never membrane bound post synaptically in dendritic spines while CRF R 2 immunoreactivity was found on plasmic membranes of Purkinje cells from post natal day 15 onwards . ^^^ Furthermore , the fact that CRF R 2 is membrane bound at synapses , while CRF R 1 is not , suggests that ligands couple to CRF R 2 via synaptic transmission and to CRF R 1 via volume transmission . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The three urocortins have considerably higher affinities for CRF receptor type 2 ( CRF R 2 ) than CRF , and urocortin 2 and urocortin 3 are highly selective for CRF R 2 . ^^^ Urocortin 2 induced vasodilation was significantly attenuated by a CRF R 2 selective antagonist , antisauvagine 30 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVE : To investigate whether genetic variation at the loci encoding the corticotropin releasing factor receptors 1 and 2 ( CRF R 1 and CRF R 2 ) contributes to human obesity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRF binds to CRF R 1 and CRF R 2 receptors in the DR and has complex and opposing effects depending on the dose used and the endpoint examined . ^^^ To clarify the impact of CRF on the DR 5 HT system , the effects of selectively activating CRF R 2 receptors ( the predominant subtype ) on extracellular DR neuronal activity were examined in halothane anesthetized rats . ^^^ Antisauvagine 30 , but not antalarmin , antagonized UII , implicating CRF R 2 receptors in the effects . ^^^ The results suggest that activation of CRF R 2 on DR 5 HT neurons inhibits neuronal activity , whereas activation of CRF R 2 receptors on non 5 HT neurons may indirectly excite DR 5 HT neurons through disinhibition . ^^^ Importantly , the tone of the DR 5 HT system can be regulated in a dynamic manner through CRF R 2 activation , being either decreased or increased depending on the level of endogenous or exogenous ligand . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Human urocortin 3 ( hUCN 3 ) , a CRF receptor type 2 ( CRF R 2 ) specific agonist enhanced the release of TSH from the pituitary cells in culture , suggesting the involvement of CRF R 2 in the CRF induced TSH release in the bullfrogs . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two CRH receptor subtypes , CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 , have been cloned and show significant amino acid homology ( 69 % ) , but differ in their tissue distribution . ^^^ CRH R 1 is expressed predominantly in the brain and pituitary , whereas the CRH R 2 subtype is highly expressed in heart and skeletal muscle . ^^^ To investigate the role of CRH in cardiac signaling , we analyzed the effect of CRH on freshly isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and murine atrial cardiomyocyte tumor cells , AT 1 , which express CRH R 2 messenger RNA . ^^^ This rank order is consistent with that previously demonstrated in CRH R 2 transfected HEK 293 cells and parallels the in vivo vasodilatory activity of these peptides . ^^^ In summary , this is the first evidence that CRH , sauvagine , and urotensin 1 act directly on cardiac myocytes to stimulate increases in intracellular cAMP , presumably through CRH R 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We were unable to detect any CRH R 2 messenger ribonucleic acid in any of the biopsies . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Sauvagine unlike CRH had no effect on radiolabeled CRH binding which suggests that the CRH R 2 receptor is not present in the myometrium . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Moreover , alpha helical CRF ( 9 41 ) , a more specific antagonist of CRF R 2 than CRF R 1 and the adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ 22536 , inhibited the urocortin induced increase in the level of cAMP . ^^^ In conclusion , we have demonstrated that urocortin stimulates catecholamine biosynthesis via the cAMP / protein kinase A pathway in PC 12 cells , where both urocortin and its receptor , CRF R 2 , are expressed . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| But , recently , it was shown to directly reduce L type calcium currents of acute isolated cardiac myocytes and T type calcium currents in mouse spermatogenic cells via inhibiting calcium channel instead of binding first to its CRF R 2 receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immediately after the second 3 h bout of restraint stress , there was a significant increase in expression of UCN in the Edinger Westphal nucleus and of CRF R 1 in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and a less pronounced decrease in CRF R 2 expression in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The human endometrium expresses both UCN and CRF , and CRF / UCN receptors type 1 ( CRF R 1 ) and 2 ( CRF R 2 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) receptors , CRF R 1 and CRF R 2 , belong to the B 1 subfamily of G protein coupled Receptors ( GPCRs ) , including receptors for secretin , growth hormone releasing hormone ( GHRH ) , vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP ) , pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide ( PACAP ) , calcitonin , parathyroid hormone ( PTH ) , glucagon , and glucagon like peptide 1 ( GLP 1 ) . ^^^ CRF R 1 has higher affinity for CRF than does CRF R 2 while both receptors bind Ucn 1 equally . ^^^ CRF R 2 shows specificity for Ucns 2 and 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Indeed , pregnant human myometrium expresses functional CRH receptors ( CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 subtypes ) thought to signal predominantly via the second messenger cAMP . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In all samples of inflamed synovium studied , CRH R1alpha mRNA was detected ; however , we were unable to identify CRH R1beta or any CRH R 2 isoforms in samples from the same cohort of , patients . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRH exerts its action through two major receptors , CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 . ^^^ Recently novel non peptidic antagonists directed against CRH R 1 or CRH R 2 have been proposed as promising agents in the treatment of depression , anxiety and eating disorder . ^^^ Therefore , we employed quantitative TaqMan PCR to analyze the expression and distribution of both CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 in human brain tissue and peripheral organs . ^^^ Both CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 were expressed in high amounts in the brain with the strongest expression in the pituitary . ^^^ As described in rodents , however the CRH R 1 in human was the predominant receptor in the brain ( 82 . 7 + / 11 . 0 % ) , whilst CRH R 2 was the predominant receptor in peripheral organs ( 77 . 0 + / 15 . 8 % ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The presence of functional CRH receptors , CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 , in the human myometrium suggests that CRH may modulate uterine activity . ^^^ CRH R 2 mRNA was present in 28 % of LS myometrium with no change at labor . ^^^ CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 protein was localized to myometrial smooth muscle in nonpregnant and laboring patients , with lower levels at term . ^^^ CRH R 1 mRNA was present in chorion and decidua , but CRH R 2 was undetectable in these tissues . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRH exerts its actions via activation of specific G protein coupled receptors , which exist in two types , CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 , and arise from different genes with multiple spliced variants . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mature peptide is rapidly released , and exerts autocrine / paracrine protective effects through the cardiac CRH R 2 receptor which preferentially binds urocortin . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunocytes from the mollusc Mytilus galloprovincialis express corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) receptor subtype ( CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 ) like mRNAs . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ACTH , CRH , and CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 mRNAs were expressed in the human adrenal as determined by RT PCR . ^^^ CRH , ACTH , and both CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 mRNAs are expressed in the adult human adrenal gland . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In contrast , no significant difference in the expression of CRH R 2 was observed . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| H5V cells expressed both CRH receptors ( CRH R 1 and R 2 ) mRNAs , whereas HUVEC cells expressed the CRH R 2 mRNA solely . 4 . ^^^ However , the selective CRH R 2 antagonist anti Svg 30 failed to produce similar effects . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) , known as a key regulator of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis response to stress , elicits its biological effects by binding to two membrane receptors ( CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 ) . ^^^ Corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) , known as a key regulator of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis response to stress , elicits its biological effects by binding to two membrane receptors ( CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 ) . ^^^ CRH R 2 mRNA was undetectable by RT PCR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRH , CRH BP , CRH R 1 , and CRH R 2 were detectable in SZ 95 sebocytes at the mRNA and protein levels : CRH R 1 was the predominant type ( CRH R1 / CRH R 2 = 2 ) . ^^^ CRH , dehydroepiandrosterone , and 17 beta estradiol did not modulate CRH R expression , whereas testosterone at 10 ( 7 ) M down regulated CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 mRNA expression at 6 to 24 h , and growth hormone ( GH ) switched CRH R 1 mRNA expression to CRH R 2 at 24 h . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The recent discoveries of novel CRH related peptides residing in the heart and a distinct cardiac CRH receptor ( CRH R 2 ) , have renewed interest in the role of the CRH family on cardiovascular function . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVE : The aim of our study was to determine whether a difference exists in expression of corticotropin releasing hormone receptor R 1 ( CRH R 1 ) and corticotropin releasing hormone receptor R 2 ( CRH R 2 ) in fetal membranes of preterm and term women with or without labor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| For the latter , we have cloned a partial cDNA encoding the chicken CRH R 2 . ^^^ On the other hand , we have found that thyrotropes express CRH R 2 mRNA . ^^^ The involvement of this CRH receptor in the response of thyrotropes to CRH was further confirmed by the fact that TSH release was stimulated by human urocortin 3 , a CRH R 2 specific agonist , whereas the TSH response to CRH was completely blocked by the CRH R blocker astressin and the CRH R 2 specific antagonist antisauvagine 30 . ^^^ We conclude that CRH induced TSH secretion is mediated by CRH R 2 expressed on thyrotropes . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using RT PCR and fluorescent in situ hybridization , we demonstrated that UCN 2 and type 2 CRH receptor ( CRH R 2 ) mRNAs were expressed in human nonpregnant and pregnant myometrium . ^^^ Immunofluorescent studies confirmed protein expression of UCN 2 in human pregnant myometrial cells , whereas chemical cross linking studies with radiolabeled UCN 2 confirmed the presence of CRH R 2 sites with an apparent molecular mass of 50 kDa . ^^^ Treatment of primary human myometrial cells with UCN 2 to specifically activate CRH R 2 resulted in a dose dependent increase of myosin light chain ( MLC ( 20 ) ) phosphorylation . ^^^ Collectively , our data suggest a distinctive role for CRH R 2 specific agonists like UCN 2 in the control of myometrial contractility during human pregnancy involving sequential activation of PKC , MAPK kinase 1 , ERK1 / 2 , RhoA , and RhoA associated kinase , leading to the MLC ( 20 ) phosphorylation . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The CRH R 2 gene was expressed solely in hair follicle keratinocytes and papilla fibroblasts , whereas CRH R 2 antigen was localized predominantly in hair follicles , sebaceous and eccrine glands , muscle and blood vessels . ^^^ In mouse skin , the CRH R 2 gene and protein were widely expressed in all cutaneous compartments and in cultured normal and malignant melanocytes . ^^^ Taken together with our previous investigations , the present studies document the preferential expression of CRH R 1 in human skin , which mirrors CRH R 2 expression patterns in human and mouse skin . ^^^ The adnexal location of CRH R 2 suggests a role for the receptor in hair growth . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The actions of corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) and the related peptides are coordinated by two receptors , CRH receptor type 1 ( CRH R 1 ) and CRH receptor type 2 ( CRH R 2 ) . ^^^ In this study , we examined the effects of CRH deficiency and / or stress due to physically restraint or lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) administration on expression of transcripts for CRH R 2 ( CRH R 2 mRNA ) as well as urocortin ( UCN ) mRNA in the atria and ventricle using female and male CRH deficient ( knockout , KO ) mice . ^^^ CRH deficiency caused a robust decrease in basal levels of CRH R 2 mRNA and a significant increase of UCN mRNA expression in the atria and ventricle of female as well as male mice . ^^^ Restraint stress markedly reduced CRH R 2 mRNA and increased UCN mRNA expression on atria as well as ventricle in both female and male wild type ( WT ) mice . ^^^ Following LPS injection to both female and male mice , CRH R 2 mRNA expression was decreased and UCN mRNA expression was increased in the atria and ventricle of both WT and CRH KO mice in each sex . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here the present authors examine the relative contribution of the two known CRH receptors , CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 , to ischemic injury using CRH receptor knockout mice . ^^^ By single cell PCR , the authors show that microglia and astrocytes express mRNA for both CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here , they may play an autocrine / paracrine role , since CRH R 2 receptor subtypes , which preferentially bind the urocortins , are also expressed in the heart . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Detection of corticotropin releasing hormone receptors R 1 and R 2 ( CRH R 1 , CRH R 2 ) using fluorescence immunohistochemistry in the myometrium of women delivering preterm or at term . ^^^ Antibodies against CRH R1 / 2 and CRH R 2 were used for localization by conventional fluorescence immunohistochemistry . ^^^ RESULTS : In women at term , CRH R 2 levels were elevated before labor and decreased with the onset of labor . ^^^ In preterm patients we found no difference in CRH R 2 staining between women with and without labor . ^^^ CONCLUSION : The high level of CRH R 2 expression in term patients without labor , together with the subsequent decrease of CRH R 2 in the myometrium during progression of labor , is consistent with the possibility that CRH may have autocrine / paracrine effects on myometrial contractility in the lower segment of the uterus . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It is unclear at present whether the peripheral antinociceptive effects of CRH are mediated through CRH receptor 1 ( CRH R 1 ) or CRH receptor 2 ( CRH R 2 ) . ^^^ Employing a double immunocytochemical technique , this study investigated in Wistar rats with Freund ' s complete adjuvant induced hind paw inflammation whether immune cells within blood and inflamed subcutaneous tissue express CRH R 1 and / or CRH R 2 together with the opioid peptide beta endorphin ( END ) . ^^^ Additionally , we examined using selective CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 antagonists whether peripheral CRH induced antinociception is mediated by the respective CRH receptor subtypes . ^^^ We found a high degree of co expression of END together with both CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 in macrophage / monocytes , granulocytes and lymphocytes within blood and inflamed subcutaneous tissue . ^^^ Also we observed a high degree of co localization of CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 receptors on circulating and resident immune cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The generated antiserum showed a moderate cross reactivity with CRH R 2 . ^^^ Although this system can not precisely discriminate between CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 , our findings may serve to demonstrate differing CRH receptor regulations at the synthesis level and at the protein level in the rat AP . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRH R 2 expression in fat was comparable with its expression in the heart , the organ with the highest CRH R 2 expression known . ^^^ CRH R 1 : CRH R 2 ratio varied according to fat depot type ; whereas CRH R 1 expression was higher in sc fat than in visceral fat , the opposite was true for CRH R 2 . ^^^ Adipose tissue also expressed urocortin and stresscopin , the predominant ligands of peripheral CRH R 2 . ^^^ CRH down regulated CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 mRNA expression in isolated adipocytes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two types of mammal CRH R exist , CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 , each with unique splicing patterns and remarkably distinct pharmacological properties , but similar signaling properties , probably reflecting their distinct and sometimes contrasting biological functions . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The two main mammalian peptides of this family , CRH and urocortin ( UCN ) , signal through the same receptors , CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 . ^^^ Recent studies conducted on mice deficient in CRH , CRH R 1 , CRH R 2 and CRH R1 / CRH R 2 , as well as in two different UCN deficient mice , have added relevant information towards the understanding of the role of this peptide family in the CNS . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effects were blocked by the CRH R 1 antagonist antalarmin , but not the CRH R 2 antagonist astressin 2B . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Activation of corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) receptor 2 ( CRH R 2 ) reduces visceral sensitivity induced by colorectal distension in conscious rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Urocortin ( Ucn ) 2 and 3 , homologous peptides of Ucn that are specific ligands for corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) type 2 receptor ( CRH R 2 ) , have recently been identified . ^^^ The effects of Ucn 2 were attenuated by astressin 2 B , a specific antagonist of CRH R 2 , and / or H 89 , an inhibitor of protein kinase A ( PKA ) . ^^^ These results indicate that Ucn 2 may be another endogenous cardiovascular substance that acts via CRH R 2 and the cAMP dependent PKA pathway . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Induction was lost in the presence of CRH R 1 antagonists , but not CRH R 2 antagonists . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this article real time quantitative RT PCR strategies for investigation of mRNA distribution in stress related corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) , CRH binding protein ( CRH BP ) , and CRH receptors ( CRH R 1 , CRH R 2 ) in human gestational tissues are described . ^^^ Consistent results were also obtained for CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 by both methods of calculation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using a method that involves repeated oxygen uptake determinations in intact mouse skeletal muscle , we report here that CRH can act directly on skeletal muscle to stimulate thermogenesis , an effect that is more pronounced in oxidative than in glycolytic muscles and that can be inhibited by a selective CRH R 2 antagonist or blunted by a nonselective CRH receptor antagonist . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We used a real time PCR set up to quantify whole pituitary mRNA expression of the beta subunit of thyrotrophin ( TSH beta ) , type 1 thyrotrophin releasing hormone receptor ( TRH R 1 ) , corticotrophin releasing hormone receptors ( CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 ) and somatostatin subtype receptor 2 ( SSTR 2 ) on every day of the last week of embryonic development , including the day of hatch and the first day of posthatch life . ^^^ Although TSH beta mRNA levels increased towards day 19 of incubation ( E 19 ) , the expression of CRH R 2 and TRH R 1 mRNA by the thyrotropes tended to decrease during this period , suggesting a lower sensitivity of the thyrotropes to the stimulatory factors CRH and TRH . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Stimulation of follicular melanocytes with CRH and CRH peptides , modified for selectivity for CRH R 1 and / or CRH R 2 , variably induced cell melanogenesis , dendricity , and proliferation . ^^^ However , a modified urocortin peptide highly selective for CRH R 2 down regulated melanocyte differentiation phenotype . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The skin also expresses the corresponding receptors ( CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 ) , with CRH R 1 being the major receptor in humans . ^^^ CRH R 1 is expressed in epidermal and dermal compartments , and CRH R 2 predominantly in dermal structures . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although , CRH , CRH binding protein ( CRH BP ) , CRH receptor 1 ( CRH R 1 ) and CRH R 2 have been identified both at mRNA and protein level in human placenta , deciduas , fetal membranes , endometrium and myometrium , no corresponding information is yet available on cervix . ^^^ Thus , the aim of this study was to compare the levels of the mRNA species coding for CRH , CRH BP , CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 in human cervical tissue and myometrium at preterm and term labor and not in labor as well as in the non pregnant state , and to localize the corresponding proteins employing immunohistochemical analysis . ^^^ RESULTS : The levels of CRH BP , CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 mRNA in the pregnant tissues were lower than those in non pregnant subjects . ^^^ CRH BP and CRH R 2 mRNA and the corresponding proteins were present at lower levels in the laboring cervix than in the non laboring cervix , irrespective of gestational age . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Expression of CRH BP , CRH R 1 and CRH R 2 in uterine tissues is down regulated during pregnancy . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two CRF receptors , CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 , have recently been cloned and characterized . ^^^ CRFR 1 shares 70 % sequence identity with CRFR 2 , yet has much higher affinity for rat / human CRF ( r / hCRF ) than CRFR 2 . ^^^ As a first step toward understanding the interactions between rat / human CRF and its receptor , the regions that are involved in receptor ligand binding and / or receptor activation were determined by using chimeric receptor constructs of the two human CRFR subtypes , CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 , followed by generating point mutations of the receptor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In cyclic AMP stimulation and CRF binding assays , it was established that different extracellular regions of CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 conferred their ligand selectivities . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two distinct CRF receptor subtypes , CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 , are thought to mediate CRF actions in the CNS . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These peptides bind with different affinities to two subtypes of CRF receptor ( CRFR ) , CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 . ^^^ In response to stressful stimuli or after local injection of high CRF doses , CRFR 2 mediates anxiety . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two distinct CRF receptor subtypes , CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 , are thought to mediate CRF actions in the central nervous system . ^^^ These results support an important role for CRFR 1 in mediating CRF induced locomotor activation , whereas other receptor subtypes , likely CRFR 2 , may mediate the appetite suppressing effects of CRF like peptides . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 , the receptors for CRF and Ucn , are expressed in neurons associated with appetite control and metabolism , but their relative contributions in mediating CRF or Ucn induced hypophagia and weight loss are not known . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The CRF receptors , CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 , are members of the G protein coupled receptor superfamily . ^^^ Despite their considerable sequence similarity , CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 have quite different affinities for the peptide ligand rat / human CRF . ^^^ Previous studies using chimeric receptors between human CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 have identified three potentially important regions in the second and third extracellular domains of CRF receptor for the binding of rat / human CRF . ^^^ These data could , at least in part , account for the much higher affinity of CRFR 2 for urocortin and sauvagine compared with rat / human CRF . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two biochemically and pharmacologically distinct CRF receptor subtypes ( CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 ) have been described . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The differential modulation of learning and anxiety by corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) through CRF receptor subtypes 1 ( CRFR 1 ) and 2 ( CRFR 2 ) is demonstrated . ^^^ Injection of CRF into the dorsal hippocampus before training enhanced learning through CRFR 1 as demonstrated by the finding that this effect was prevented by the local injection of the unselective CRFR antagonist astressin , but not by the CRFR 2 specific antagonist antisauvagine 30 ( anti Svg 30 ) . ^^^ In contrast , injection of CRF into the lateral intermediate septum impaired learning through CRFR 2 , as demonstrated by the ability of antisauvagine 30 to block this effect . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The action of corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) is mediated by two recently identified receptors , CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 , that differ with respect to their anatomical distribution and pharmacologic ligand binding properties . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Non linear fractal analysis of cardiac interbeat time series was performed in corticotropin releasing factor receptor subtype 2 ( CRFR 2 ) deficient mice . ^^^ We hypothesized that the sustained tachycardic response elicited by intraperitoneal ( ip ) injection of human / rat CRF ( h / rCRF ) is mediated by CRFR 2 . ^^^ However , the functional integrity of CRFR 2 would not present a prerequisite to maintaining the responsiveness and resiliency of cardiac control to external environmental perturbations experimentally induced by extrinsic ip application of h / rCRF or under physiological conditions that may be associated with an increased peripheral release of CRF . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Urocortin ( Ucn ) 3 , or stresscopin , is a high affinity ligand for the type 2 corticotropin releasing factor ( CRFR 2 ) receptor recently identified in rodents and human . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| As mediators of the stress response , corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) and its receptors ( CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 ) have been implicated in the propensity for developing stress related mood disorders . ^^^ Because differences in behaviors in the forced swim test are good indicators of serotonergic and catecholaminergic involvement , our results may reveal an interaction of CRF pathways with other known antidepressant systems and may also support an involvement of CRF receptors in the development of depression such that elevated CRFR 1 activity , in the absence of CRFR 2 , increases depression like behaviors . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Non linear fractal analysis of circadian 24 hr heartbeat interval time series was performed in corticotropin releasing factor receptor subtype 2 ( CRFR 2 ) deficient mice . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mice deficient for both corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1 ( CRFR 1 ) and CRFR 2 have an impaired stress response and display sexually dichotomous anxiety like behavior . ^^^ Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) and its family of peptides are critical coordinators of homeostasis whose actions are mediated through their receptors , CRF receptor 1 ( CRFR 1 ) and CRFR 2 , found throughout the CNS and periphery . ^^^ Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) and its family of peptides are critical coordinators of homeostasis whose actions are mediated through their receptors , CRF receptor 1 ( CRFR 1 ) and CRFR 2 , found throughout the CNS and periphery . ^^^ To further elucidate the roles of both CRF receptors and determine their interaction in behaviors , we have generated mice deficient in both CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 . ^^^ CRF mRNA levels are elevated in CRFR 1 and double mutant mice , and urocortin 3 and vasopressin mRNA levels are increased in CRFR 2 and double mutant mice . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Effects of the corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) family of peptides are mediated through activation of two receptors , CRF receptor ( CRFR ) 1 and CRFR 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Peptides of the corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) family signal through the activation of two receptors , CRF receptor type 1 ( CRFR 1 ) and type 2 ( CRFR 2 ) , both of which exist as multiple splice variants . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ICV infusion of the CRF receptor subtype CRFR 2 selective agonists urocortin 2 and 3 ( UCN 2 , UCN 3 ) inhibited sexual receptivity in hormone primed , ovariectomized hamsters . ^^^ On the other hand , astressin 2B did not prevent the inhibition of behavior induced by 48 h food deprivation or ICV administration of CRF , a mixed CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 agonist , suggesting that activation of CRFR 1 signaling is sufficient to inhibit sexual receptivity in hamsters . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) and its receptors ( CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 ) are the key regulators of the endocrine stress response and are critical in maintenance of organismal homeostasis . ^^^ Corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) and its receptors ( CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 ) are the key regulators of the endocrine stress response and are critical in maintenance of organismal homeostasis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The deduced amino acid sequences of CRF receptor types 1 ( CRFR 1 ) and CRF receptor type 2 ( CRFR 2 ) showed 79 94 % and 81 92 % identity with CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 of other vertebrates , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Receptors for CRF , CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 , have been hypothesized to play distinct roles in the alterations necessary for homeostatic maintenance . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| UCN is able to bind to two types of G protein coupled receptors : CRF receptor type 1 ( CRFR 1 ) and CRF receptor type 2 ( CRFR 2 ) , whereas , two homologues of UCN , stresscopin ( SCP ) or also known as urocortin 3 ( UCNIII ) and stresscopin related peptide ( SRP ) , or urocortin 2 ( UCNII ) , bind exclusively and with high affinity to CRFR 2 , we hypothesised that they will exhibit more pronounced cardioprotective effects than UCN . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mammalian family members include CRF , urocortinI ( UcnI ) , UcnII , and UcnIII , along with two receptors , CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 , and a CRF binding protein . ^^^ Although CRF appears to play a stimulatory role in stress responsivity through activation of CRFR 1 , specific actions of UcnII and UcnIII on CRFR 2 may be important for dampening stress sensitivity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present study demonstrates using in situ autoradiography that CRF receptor 1 ( CRFR 1 ) and CRF receptor 2 ( CRFR 2 ) mRNA in the rat anterior pituitary is changed by intermittent hypoxia , cold , restraint , alone and in combination . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We also studied the impact of these interventions on the levels of type 2 corticotropin releasing hormone receptor ( CRHR 2 ) mRNA in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus ( PVN ) and ventromedial hypothalamus ( VMH ) . ^^^ The VMH is classically referred to as the satiety center because electrical stimulation of the VMH leads to inhibition of food intake , whereas CRHR 2 are thought to transduce the profound anorexogenic effects of CRH or its related peptide urocortin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) is a potent anorectic neuropeptide , and its type 2 receptor ( CRHR 2 ) in the ventromedial hypothalamus ( VMH ) appears to play an important role in the expression of this anorectic effect . ^^^ Corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) is a potent anorectic neuropeptide , and its type 2 receptor ( CRHR 2 ) in the ventromedial hypothalamus ( VMH ) appears to play an important role in the expression of this anorectic effect . ^^^ We explored here the impact of systemic leptin administration on CRH mRNA expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus ( PVN ) and CRHR 2 mRNA expression in the VMH in male rats , using in situ hybridization histochemistry . ^^^ The expression of CRH mRNA in the PVN and CRHR 2 mRNA in the VMH were increased at 2 h and 6 h , respectively , after a single intraperitoneal injection of leptin ( 1 . 0 mg / kg ) . ^^^ Continuous subcutaneous infusion of leptin ( 1 . 2 mg / kg / day ) via an osmotic minipump for 5 days increased the expression of CRHR 2 mRNA in the VMH , but not the expression of CRH mRNA in the PVN , compared with vehicle treatment . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The corticotrophin releasing factor ( CRF ) family of neuropeptides and their receptors ( CRFR 1 and CRFR 2 ) play a critical role in regulating the neuroendocrine stress response . ^^^ Here we show in the Sprague Dawley rat that direct in vivo application to the ventromedial hypothalamus ( VMH ) , a key glucose sensing region , of urocortin 1 ( UCN 1 ) , an endogenous CRFR 2 agonist , suppressed ( approximately 55 60 % ) , whereas CRF , a predominantly CRFR 1 agonist , amplified ( approximately 50 70 % ) CRR to hypoglycemia . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The endogenous corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) type 2 receptor ( CRFR 2 ) selective ligand urocortin 3 is expressed in discrete subcortical brain regions with fibers distributed mainly to hypothalamic and limbic structures . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Novel subtype of corticotropin releasing hormone receptor ( CRHR ) , designated type 2 CRHR ( CRHR 2 ) , mRNA was expressed not only in the central nervous system but also in the peripheral tissues such as the heart and skeletal muscle . ^^^ The previous finding that type 1 CRHR mRNA is not detected in heart leads us to speculate that systemic administration of CRH induces hypotensive effects through CRHR 2 , and that alterations in CRHR 2 in the heart may be implicated in blood pressure regulation . ^^^ These results suggest that heart CRHR 2 mRNA levels are not influenced by circulating or locally existing CRH . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two CRH receptors , Crhr 1 and Crhr 2 , have been identified in the mouse . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The intermediate portion of the lateral septum ( LSi ) contains high levels of urocortin ( UCN ) peptide and type 2 corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) receptor ( CRHR 2 ) and has anatomic and functional connections with the lateral hypothalamus ( LH ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Urocortin ( Ucn ) , a Crh related neuropeptide and the postulated endogenous ligand for Crhr 2 , is a potential mediator of stress responses . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Changes in type 2 CRH receptor ( CRHR 2 ) mRNA in the ventromedial hypothalamus ( VMH ) , a possible target of anorectic CRH effect , were also examined . ^^^ Since NPY and galanin are considered orexigenic , while the POMC melanocortin 4 receptor system is apparently anorexigenic , the changes in neuropeptide mRNAs and VMH CRHR 2 mRNA may play counterregulatory roles against anorectic CRH effects . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , it still remains to be clarified whether those effects are mediated via either the CRH receptor 1 ( CRHR 1 ) or the CRH receptor 2 ( CRHR 2 ) , or both receptor subtypes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A novel subtype of corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) receptor , designated type 2 CRH receptor ( CRHR 2 ) , has been cloned by a number of laboratories , and its mRNA has been found to be distributed not only in the brain but in peripheral tissues such as heart and skeletal muscle . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Our results suggest that the hypertension produced by central CRH administration is mediated through central CRHR 1 receptors , whereas the hypotension produced by parenteral CRH administration is mediated through peripheral CRHR 2 receptors . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recent investigations in mouse lines either deficient for the CRH receptor 1 ( CRHR 1 ) or 2 ( CRHR 2 ) suggest that the CRH neuronal system may comprise two separate pathways that can be coordinately and inversely activated in stress induced hypothalamic pituitary adrenal ( HPA ) response and anxiety like behavior . ^^^ We generated mice deficient for both CRHR 1 ( Crhr 1 ( / ) ) and CRHR 2 ( Crhr 2 ( / ) ) to investigate the HPA system regulation in the absence of known functionally active CRH receptors under basal conditions and in response to different ethologically relevant stressors . ^^^ To elucidate possible gene dose effects on the action of both CRH receptors , our analysis included heterozygous and homozygous CRHR 1 or CRHR 2 deficient mice , mutants lacking both CRH receptors , compound mutants with homozygous and heterozygous deficiency for either of the receptors , and their wild type littermates . ^^^ Within the intraadrenal CRH / ACTH system , our data suggest different roles for CRHR 1 and CRHR 2 in fine tuning of adrenocortical corticosterone release . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two high affinity G protein coupled receptors have been identified that bind CRH and / or urocortin 1 and 2 , designated CRHR 1 and CRHR 2 , both of which are present in hippocampal regions of mammalian brain . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We demonstrate that multiple promoters and alternate splicing regulate expression of the human CRH receptor type 2 ( CRHR 2 ) gene . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These results demonstrate that maternal deprivation elicits modifications of CRH brain circuits in a site specific manner , and that the regulation of CRHr 2 gene expression is mediated by mechanisms different from those involved with the modulation of CRHr 1 in the infant rat . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recently , corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) within the DRN has been implicated in the development of LH because intra DRN CRH produces LH at very high doses , and because intra DRN antagonists for the CRH 2 receptor ( CRHR 2 ) block LH . ^^^ In addition , high doses of CRH are required to produce LH , which is known to be mediated by 5 HT excitation , and the CRHR 2 agonist urocortin 2 ( UCN 2 ) produces LH at much lower doses than does CRH . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To dissect the involvement of CRH receptor 1 ( CRHR 1 ) and CRHR 2 , we used conditional knockout mice in which Crhr 1 is inactivated in the anterior forebrain and limbic structures . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRH mRNA levels did not change during the luteal phase , whereas expression of UCN , UCN 2 , CRHR 1 , and CRHR 2 was maximal at early or mid luteal phase before declining ( P < 0 . 05 ) at the later stages . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q13324 and P06850 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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