Pubmed abstracts for Protein-Protein Interaction search result :

Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase ( L glutamate : ammonia ligase ( ADP forming ) , EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ) has been purified about 550 fold from sheep spleen . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The product of a newly identified gene , glnF , which is distinct from the glutamine synthetase structural gene ( glnA ) , is required for synthesis of glutamine synthetase [ L glutamate : ammonia ligase ( ADP forming ) , EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 [ in Salmonella typhimurium and probably in Escherichia coli . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A higher activity of glutamine synthetase ( EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ) was found in Neurospora crassa when NH4+ was limiting as nitrogen source than when glutamate was limiting . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase ( L glutamate : ammonia ligase ( ADP forming ) , EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ) from Anabaena cylindrica was inhibited by alanine , glycine , serine and aspartate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The activities of the following enzymes were studied in connection with dinitrogen fixation in pea bacteroids : glutamine synthetase ( L glutamate : ammonia ligase ( ADP forming ) ( EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ) ( GS ) ; glutamate dehydrogenase ( NADP+ ) ( L glutamate : NADP+ oxidoreductase ( deaminating ) ( EC 1 . 4 . 1 . 4 ) ( GDH ) ; glutamate synthase ( L glutamine : 2 exeglutarate aminotransferase ( NADPH oxidizing ) ) ( EC 2 . 6 . 1 . 53 ) ( GOGAT ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase ( EC 1 . 4 . 1 . 4 ) , glutamine synthetase ( EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ) , and glutamate synthase ( EC 2 . 6 . 1 . 53 ) was examined for cultures of Salmonella typhimurium grown with various nitrogen and amino acid sources . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The levels of glutamine synthetase ( GS ; EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ) and glutamate synthase ( GOGAT ; EC 1 . 4 . 1 . 13 ) of C . callunae were found to be influenced by the nitrogen source . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This protein was identified as glutamine synthetase [ GS ; glutamate ammonia ligase ; L glutamate : ammonia ligase ( ADP forming ) , EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ] based on similar nucleotide binding properties , comigration on two dimensional gels , reaction with a polyclonal anti GS antibody , and the presence of significant GS enzyme activity in AD CSF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase ( L glutamate : ammonia ligase ; EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ) , an enzyme catalysing the ATP dependent formation of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia , was detected immunocytochemically only in glial ( interstitial ) cells of the superficial pineal gland of the rat . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In astrocytes , glutamine is formed from glutamate by the glial specific enzyme glutamine synthetase ( EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NADP+ dependent glutamate dehydrogenase ( EC 1 . 4 . 1 . 4 ) and glutamine synthetase ( GS ; EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ) activities varied with the type and concentration of nitrogen source supplied . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The regulation of the glutamate synthase , glutamine synthetase [ EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ] , and glutamate dehydrogenase [ EC 1 . 4 . 1 . 3 ] activities was examined with cultures of cells grown with various nitrogen and carbon sources . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The central role of NH4+ assimilation in the microbial metabolization of several inorganic nitrogen sources and the regulation of its key enzymes glutamate dehydrogenases ( GDH EC 1 . 4 . 1 . 2 . and EC 1 . 4 . 1 . 4 . ) , glutamine synthetase ( GS EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 . ) and glutamate synthase ( GOGAT EC 1 . 4 . 1 . 3 . ) are presented . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Stadtman , Holzer and their colleagues ( reviewed in Stadtman and Ginsburg 1974 ) demonstrated that the enzyme glutamine synthetase ( GS ) [ ( L glutamate : ammonia ligase ( ADP forming ) , EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ] is covalently modified by adenylylation in a variety of bacterial genera and that the modification is reversible . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The influence of the relA 1 mutation on the regulation of the ammonia assimilatory enzymes , glutamate dehydrogenase ( EC 1 . 4 . 1 . 4 ) , glutamine synthetase ( EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ) , and glutamate synthase ( EC 1 . 4 . 1 . 3 ) , was examined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A bacterial glutamate aspartate binding protein , as well as the enzymes glutamate dehydrogenase ( EC 1 . 4 . 1 . 3 ) , glutamine synthetase ( EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ) , and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase ( EC 2 . 3 . 2 . 2 ) , showed little or no cross reactivity with the anti GBP antibodies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The immunogold labeling for glutamate and glutamine was studied at the electron microscopic level in hippocampal slice cultures following inhibition of L glutamine synthetase [ L glutamate : ammonia ligase ( ADP forming ) ; EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The remaining ammonia is assimilated into protein by glutamine synthetase ( EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ) , which catalyzes the reaction : NH 3 + glutamate + ATP > glutamine + ADP + Pi . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The levels of the major nitrogen assimilatory enzymes , NADP linked glutamate dehydrogenase ( EC 1 . 4 . 1 . 4 ) and glutamine synthetase ( EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ) , were determined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The glutamine synthetase ( GS , EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ) / glutamate synthase ( GOGAT ) cycle is responsible for the initial N assimilation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase ( GS ; EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ) , a key enzyme of glutamate metabolism , and another enzyme possessing high hydroxylamine L glutamine transferase activity comparable to that of GS and termed GS like protein ( GSLP ) were purified from human brain concurrently . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mesophyll cells ( MCs ) and bundle sheath cells ( BSCs ) of leaves of the C 4 plant maize ( Zea mays L . ) were separated by cellulase digestion to determine the relative proportion of the glutamine synthetase ( GS ; EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ) or the NADH glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ; EC 1 . 4 . 1 . 2 ) isoforms in each cell type . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results extend our previous observations in pine and potato that PAL generated NH4+ is assimilated by the glutamine synthetase ( GS ; EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ) / glutamate synthase ( GOGAT ; EC 1 . 4 . 1 . 13 ) pathway , with the NH4+ so formed ultimately being recycled back to L Phe via L Glu as aminoreceptor and donor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the other hand , S deficient plants showed a decrease in nitrate reductase ( NR ; EC 1 . 6 . 6 . 1 ) and glutamine synthetase ( GS ; EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ) activity , and an increase in NAD dependent glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ; EC 1 . 4 . 1 . 2 ) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase ( PEPc ; EC 4 . 1 . 1 . 31 ) activity as a result of the Cd treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both in the light and in darkness , ( 15 ) NH 4 ( + ) was incorporated into [ 5 ( 15 ) N ] glutamine and [ 2 ( 15 ) N ] glutamate by glutamine synthetase ( GS , EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ) and Fd GOGAT in leaf disks of transgenic tobacco expressing antisense Fd GOGAT mRNA and in wild type tobacco . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ammonium ion assimilation constitutes a central metabolic pathway in many organisms , and glutamate synthase , in concert with glutamine synthetase ( GS , EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ) , plays the primary role of ammonium ion incorporation into glutamine and glutamate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The two ammonia assimilating enzymes glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ; EC 1 . 4 . 1 . 4 ) and glutamine synthetase ( GS ; EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ) were synthesized steadily during the cell growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae F 5 2 that can utilize NH4+ and NO 3 simultaneously under aerobic conditions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the role of stress in nitrogen management in plants , the effect of pathogen attack , elicitors , and phytohormone application on the expression of the two senescence related markers GS 1 ( cytosolic glutamine synthetase EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ) and GDH ( glutamate dehydrogenase , EC 1 . 4 . 1 . 2 ) involved in nitrogen mobilization in senescing leaves of tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L . ) plants , was studied . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three mutants ( strains SK 24 , 28 and 29 ) , requiring glutamate for growth , synthesize nitrogenase and glutamine synthetase constitutively ( in the presence of NH4+ ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It was concluded that : ( a ) the alanine aminotransferase and the glutamine synthetase pathways respectively were responsible for 80 % of the alanine and glutamine released into the circulation by the extrasplanchnic tissues , and extrahepatic proteolysis could account for a maximum of 20 % ; ( b ) alanine formation by the peripheral tissues was dependent on availability of pyruvate and not of glutamate ; ( c ) glutamate availability could influence glutamine formation subject , possibly , to renal control . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Aminomethylglutarate , a beta amino analog of glutamate that interacts with glutamine synthetase and the enzymes that catalyze glutathione synthesis . ^^^ Sheep brain glutamine synthetase utilizes one isomer of DL alpha aminomethylglutarate at about 10 % of the rate with L glutamate . gamma Glutamylcysteine synthetase uses both isomers of DL alpha aminomethylglutarate , preferentially acting on the same isomer used by glutamine synthetase . gamma ( alpha Aminomethyl ) glutaryl alpha aminobutyrate , prepared enzymatically with gamma glutamylcysteine synthetase , was found to be a substrate and an inhibitor of glutathione synthetase . alpha Aminomethylglutarate does not inhibit gamma glutamyl cyclotransferase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase appreciably . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Apparently , the glutamine synthetase of E . coli may activate the formation of some glutamate and ammonia producing enzymes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two mutants able to produce glutamate dehydrogenase in the presence of high levels of glutamine synthetase have been isolated . ^^^ One , tightly linked to gdhD , shows normal repression control by glutamine synthetase but produces four times as much glutamate dehydrogenase activity as does the wild type under all conditions tested . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The E . coli glutamine synthetase functioned in cells of K . aerogenes in a manner similar to that of the K . aerogenes enzyme : it allowed the level of histidase to increase and that of glutamate dehydrogenase to decrease during nitrogen limited growth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamate dehydrogenase was likewise inhibited in liver ( 83 % ) and brain ( 43 % ) by 13 mM octanoate , whereas glutamine synthetase was unaffected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For instance , NH+4 was found to repress glutamine synthetase whereas L glutamate repressed glutamate synthase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Biochemical analysis shows that glutamine synthetase activity in strains SK 24 , SK 28 , and SK 29 is also repressed by amino acids , with no detectable effect on glutamate dehydrogenase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A mutant with low glutamate synthase activity had low glutamine transport and glutamine synthetase activities , which could not be derepressed . ^^^ A mutant in the high affinity glutamine transport system showed normal regulation of glutamate synthase and glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Measurements are reported on certain isotopic fluxes during the net conversion of glutamine , ADP and Pi to glutamate , NH 3 , and ATP by Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase ( adenylylated form , Mn2+ activated ) in presence of a hexokinase / glucose trap to remove the ATP formed during the reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The specific biochemical lesion in strains with a nit mutation is not known ; however , mutant strains have no detectable alteration in the activities of glutamine synthetase , glutamate synthetase , or glutamate dehydrogenase , the enzymes known to be involved in assimilation of ammonia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The total glutamine synthetase activity from N 2 grown cells was about eight times that from NH+ / 4 grown S . lipoferum ; the response of glutamate dehydrogenase was the opposite . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas capsulata lacks glutamate dehydrogenase and normally uses the glutamine synthetase / glutamate synthase sequence of reactions for assimilation of N 2 and ammonia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effect of a urea diet on glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase activity in various organs of chickens ] . ^^^ The total values were determined for the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase , and dehydrogenase with pyruvate in broilers fed a diet with a 0 , 2 and 4 % content of urea for three weeks . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Biochemical analysis revealed that R . rubrum produced glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase ( NADP dependent ) but no detectable NADP dependent glutamate dehydrogenase . ^^^ Nitrogenase and glutamine synthetase activities were repressed by NH+4 as well as by glutamate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cultures growing on N 2 as the only nitrogen source have high activities of nitrogenase , unadenylated glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase and low levels of glutamate dehydrogenase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase , as well as two glutamate dehydrogenases ( NADH and NADPH dependent ) , were present in this organism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamate synthase is , after nitrogenase and glutamine synthetase , the third sequential enzyme involved in the assimilation of N 2 by intact filaments . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The matrix fraction contained over 74 % of the glutamine synthetase activity and the major proportion of the matirx marker enzymes , malate dehydrogenase ( 71 % ) , NADP dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase ( 83 % ) , and glutamate dehydrogenase ( 57 % ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lack of a regulatory function for glutamine synthetase protein in the synthesis of glutamate dehydrogenase and nitrite reductase in Escherichia coli K 12 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamate dehydrogenase , requiring either NADH or NADPH , NADH linked glutamate synthase , and glutamine synthetase were demonstrated in the above organisms grown on NH4Cl . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The kinetic mechanism of the sheep brain glutamine synthetase has been examined by both initial rate kinetics using the glutamate analog beta glutamate and by isotope exchange measurements at equilibrium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This model was chosen to study the activities of glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase and glutaminase 1 in liver , brain and kidney 10 , 20 and 30 days after PCS . ^^^ In brain and kidney ammonia is detoxified mainly by the glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase reactions whereas in the liver these enzyme reactions play a minor role . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the dimorphic bacterium Caulobacter crescentus , ammonia assimilation occurs only via the combined action of the enzymes glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase . ^^^ Both glutamate synthase and glutamine synthetase activities were subject to regulation by repression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase repression and adenylylation state were also increased by L glutamate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Enzymatic analysis of one mutant ( W 11 ) indicates that the pleiotropic effect on N nutrition is neither due to detectable alteration in the activities of nitrogenase or the initial enzymes responsible for bulk assimilation of ammonia ( glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase ) nor to absence of systems required for catabolism of organic N sources . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The possible role of glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamate synthase , and glutamine synthetase in the regulation of enzyme formation in the gamma aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) catabolic pathway of Escherichia coli K 12 was investigated . ^^^ However , mutations resulting in constitutive synthesis of glutamine synthetase ( GlnC ) restore the ability of the glutamate synthase less mutants to grow in glucose GABA media and result in depressed synthesis of the GABA enzymes . ^^^ It is suggested that the loss of glutamate synthesis activity affects the GABA control system indirectly by lowering glutamine synthetase levels . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One is mediated by glutamate dehydrogenase , and the other is mediated by glutamine synthetase glutamate synthase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rhodopseudomonas acidophila strain 7050 assimilated ammonia via a constitutive glutamine synthetase / glutamate synthase enzyme system . ^^^ Glutamine synthetase had a Km for NH+4 of 0 . 38 mM whilst the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide linked glutamate synthase had a Km for glutamine of 0 . 55 mM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Acyl phosphate intermediates are indicated for the glutamine synthetase and carbamyl P synthetase reactions by their extreme requirements for glutamate and bicarbonate , respectively , for positional oxygen exchange . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An increase in the glutamate content in the brain the 30 and 60 minute hypoxic effect is accompanied by a rise of the activity in the glutamine synthesis enzyme ( glutamine synthetase ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In parallel , a complex shift of metabolism was induced shown by simultaneous alteration of mycelial activities of alanine dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase , and glutamate dehydrogenase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Limited proteolysis of glutamine synthetase is inhibited by glutamate and by feedback inhibitors . ^^^ Either the glutamate and inhibitor sites are formed partly by this suceptible peptide or the binding of glutamate and some inhibitors induces conformational changes within the E . coli glutamine synthetase molecule in the region of the susceptible peptide . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We observed no correlation between the adenylylation state and the expression of histidase , glutamine synthetase , glutamate synthase , glutamate dehydrogenase , and urease in aerobic cultures . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The urea cycle enzymes , carbamoyl P synthetase , ornithine transcarbamylase , arginase and other enzymes related to ammonia metabolism , such as glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase and alanine and aspartate aminotransferases , have been studied in thioacetamide induced liver disease in rats . ^^^ Glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase increased respectively to 1 . 50 and 1 . 33 , and the changes in glutamate and aspartate levels were respectively 1 . 68 and 0 . 92 ; this indicates that the metabolic route : 2 oxoglutarate leads to glutamate leads to glutamine is increased , and thereby compensates for the low rate of urea formation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Distribution of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase activity in the sheep and chicken digestive tract . ^^^ Glutamate dehydrogenase ( GLDH , EC 1 . 4 . 1 . 3 ) and glutamine synthetase ( GS , EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ) activity were determined in the contents and tissues of the various parts of the sheep and chicken digestive tract , GLDH activity in the tissues of the sheep omasum , duodenum , rumen , reticulum , colon , caecum , jejunum and ileum ranged from 3 . 25+ / 0 . 7 U ( mumol / g dry weight . min ) to 5 . 94+ / 2 . 28 U ; in the abomasum it was 9 . 67+ / 1 . 27 U . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase activities during growth and sporulation in Bacillus subtilis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Comparison of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase activities in the roots and aerial organs of an obligate halophyte : Suaeda maritima var . macrocarpa and a glycophyte : Phaseolus vulgaris , grown in presence of different concentration of NaCl ] . ^^^ The glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase activities of an obligate halophyte , Suaeda maritima var . macrocarpa and a glycophyte . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The synthesis of gamma glutamylhydroxamate from glutamate and hydroxylamine has been utilized as an approximation of glutamine synthetase activity in kidneys of rabbit , rat , dog , monkey and man . 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The enzymes concerned with glutamate metabolism ( aspartate , alanine and tyrosine aminotransferases , glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase ) and ( Na+ + K+ ) ATPase were estimated in the three regions of brain ( cerebellum , cerebral cortex and brain stem ) and in liver . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The influence of concentration of nitrogenous matters ( N matters ) and urea supplement in diet for broilers was studied , as exerted on the activities of the enzymes glutamate dehydrogenase ( GLDH ) and glutamine synthetase ( GS ) in liver , kidney , tissue and contents of the cecum . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase activity in some organs of ruminants and monogastric animals . ^^^ A comparative study of glutamate dehydrogenase ( GLDH 1 . 4 . 1 . 2 ) and glutamine synthetase ( GS 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 . ) activity in liver , kidney and spleen homogenates from cattle , sheep , pigs and chickens showed that chicken liver contained on an average 3 . 5 % , pig liver 8 . 3 % and bovine liver 45 . 6 % of the glutamate dehydrogenase activity present in sheep liver . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No accumulation of aspartate nor alanine were seen . 8 ) In vitro studies indicate that the net flux through both the aspartate aminotransferase and the glutamate dehydrogenase reactions is dependent on the concentration of the reactants as expected for a near equilibrium system . 9 ) It is concluded that the kidney response to an ammonia load differs from that of the liver despite the existence of a similar network of near equilibrium reactions of ( 1 ) a lack of local availability of oxaloacetate , ( 2 ) a lower activity of alanine aminotransferase , ( 3 ) a greater in vivo activity of glutamine synthetase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Under conditions of ammonia or nitrate limitation in a chemostat the assimilation of ammonia by cultures of R . leguminosarum , R . trifolii and R . japonicum proceeded via glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase . ^^^ Under glucose limitation and with an excess of inorganic nitrogen , ammonia was assimilated via glutamate dehydrogenase , neither glutamine synthetase nor glutamate synthase activities being detected in extracts . ^^^ Glutamine synthetase , glutamate synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities were assayed in sonicated bacteroid preparations and in the nodule supernatants of Glycine max , Vicia faba , Pisum sativum , Lupinus luteus , Medicago sativa , Phaseolus coccineus and P . vulgaris nodules . ^^^ There was no evidence for the operation of the glutamine synthetase / glutamate synthase system in ammonia assimilation in root nodules , suggesting that ammonia produced by nitrogen fixation in the bacteroid is assimilated by enzymes of the plant system . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Incubation of unadenylylated Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase with ATP , L [ 14C ] glutamate and metal ion results in the formation of gamma glutamyl P which can under appropriate conditions be reduced by sodium borohydride . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the presence of excess ammonia or glutamate in glucose limited cultures of E . coli , glutamine synthetase is repressed and adenylylated ( inactive ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both the changes in the activities of nitrogenase , glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase and in the extracellular and intracellular NH4+ concentrations were investigated during the transition from an NH4+ free medium to one containing NH4+ ions for a continuous culture of Azotobacter vinelandii . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Derepressed levels of glutamate synthase and glutamine synthetase in Escherichia coli mutants altered in glutamyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase . ^^^ The levels of glutamate synthase and of glutamine synthetase are both derepressed 10 fold in strain JP 1449 of Escherichia coli carrying a thermosensitive mutation in the glutamyl transfer ribonucleic acid ( tRNA ) synthetase and growing exponentially but at a reduced rate at a partially restrictive temperature , compared with the levels in strain AB 347 isogenic with strain JP 1449 except for this thermosensitive mutation and the marker aro . ^^^ These results suggest that a glutamyl tRNA might be involved in the repression of the biosynthesis of the glutamate synthase and of the glutamine synthetase and would couple the regulation of the biosynthesis of these two enzymes , which can work in tandem to synthesize glutamate when the ammonia concentration is low in E . coli but whose structural genes are quite distant from each other . ^^^ No derepression of the level of the glutamate dehydrogenase was observed in mutant strain JP 1449 under the conditions where the levels of the glutamine synthetase and of the glutamate synthase were derepressed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The data obtained on glutamine synthetase support the theory that ATP is attached to the enzyme as a portion of the catalytic site , and that its presence is essential for the binding of glutamate and glutamine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Finally , the C 4 to C 2 ratios in glutamine and glutamate are unequal at any time ( the glutamine labels reflect the label distribution in glutamate measured 1 hr earlier ) , providing a method for studying flow through glutamine synthetase in situ . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We conclude , on the basis of these results and others in the literature , that the glutamine synthetase / glutamate synthase pathway mediates most of the initial metabolism of ammonium in A . cylindrica , and that glutamic acid dehydrogenase and alanine dehydrogenase have only a very minor role . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , glutamine synthetase appears to catalyze the initial step in the assimilation of N 2 derived or exogenous NH4+ by these organisms . [ 13N ] Glutamate is , in all cases , the second major product of assimilation of 13N labeled N 2 and NH4+ . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The unchaning glutamine levels and increase in glutamine synthetase activity are consistent with the widespread gliosis and the lack of change in glutamate / aspartate high affinity uptake is consistent with a sparing of afferent terminals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The kinetics of 14C incorporation into various amino acids suggest that in the light and dark the most important route of primary ammonia assimilation involves glutamine synthetase and that glutamate , aspartate , glycine and probably alanine are formed secondarily from glutamine . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When the exhaustion of sucrose or sulfate or the induction of encystment ( by incubation in 0 . 2 % beta hydroxybutyrate ) leads to termination of growth in Azotobacter vinelandii batch cultures , the nitrogenase levels in the organisms decreased rapidly , whereas glutamate synthase and glutamine synthetase levels remained unaltered . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , for each mole of glutamate taken up , approximately 0 . 5 mol is deaminated and the other 0 . 5 mol serves as a substrate for glutamine synthetase previously localized in these mitochondria ( Vorhaben , J . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At physiological concentrations of ammonia , glutamine synthesis appears to be limited by the rate of glutamate accumulation and the activity of competing reactions and not by the activity of glutamine synthetase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Outer membrane porins OmpC and OmpF , glutamine synthetase ( GlnA ) , the small subunit of glutamate synthase ( GltD ) , lysyl tRNA synthetase form 2 ( LysU ) , a high affinity periplasmic binding protein specific for branched chain amino acids ( LivJ ) , W protein , and the enzymes of the pathway converting threonine to glycine , namely , threonine dehydrogenase ( Tdh ) and 2 amino 3 ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase ( Kbl ) , were identified as members of the Lrp regulon by electrophoretic analysis . ^^^ We have shown that Lrp is a positive regulator of glutamate synthase and glutamine synthetase and that exogenous leucine has little or no effect on the expression of these proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The increased capacity for glutamine synthetase may be important in normalizing extracellular glutamate following ischemia and protecting brain from the neurotoxic effects of this excitatory amino acid . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamate metabolism in rat cortical astrocyte cultures was studied to evaluate the relative rates of flux of glutamate carbon through oxidative pathways and through glutamine synthetase ( GS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study we have investigated the effect of excitatory amino acids on the activity of glutamine synthetase , a glial specific enzyme that plays a key role in the regulation of glutamate concentration in the CNS . ^^^ We found that of L glutamate , N methyl D aspartate , alpha amino 3 hydroxy 5 methylisoxazole 4 propionate , kainate , and 1 aminocyclopentane trans 1 , 3 dicarboxylic acid ( trans ACPD ) , only the metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist trans ACPD had an effect on glutamine synthetase specific activity in cultures of rat type 1 cortical astrocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamate binding was not differentially affected and glutamine synthetase activity , a predominantly glial marker , was only modestly increased after graded reoxygenation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase is responsible for the ATP dependent amidation of glutamate to glutamine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results suggest that increases in glutamate , perhaps due to the decreased activities of glutamine synthetase , are correlated with increased oxygen free radical formation during an ischemia / reperfusion insult to the heart . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The content of glutamine was reduced markedly by omission of either glutamate or ammonium from the incubation solution , or by inhibition of glutamine synthetase activity with methionine sulfoximine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since glutamine synthetase ( GS ) has been proposed as the primary enzyme in the regulation of glutamate metabolism in the central nervous system and since inhibition of the activity of this enzyme in vivo leads to seizures , it has been proposed that an abnormality in the structure or function of this enzyme could be responsible for the induction of seizures in epilepsy prone rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Purification and some properties of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase from Paracoccus denitrificans . ^^^ The purification and some properties of NADP dependent glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) and glutamine synthetase ( GS ) from the facultatively anaerobic Gram negative bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans were investigated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activities of the enzymes , aspartate amino transferase , alanine aminotransferase and glutaminase were decreased while those of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase were enhanced in the cerebellar astrocytes during hyperammonemic states . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Some properties of glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase from Corynebacterium callunae . ^^^ Characteristics of the three major ammonia assimilatory enzymes , glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) , glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and glutamate synthase ( GO GAT ) in Corynebacterium callunae ( NCIB 10338 ) were examined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ammonia , lactate and glutamate levels and the activities of glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) , glutaminase ( GLN ) , aspartate transaminase ( AST ) , phosphofructokinase ( PFK ) and monoamine oxidase ( MAO ) were compared in the brain tissue of normal and P . yoelii infected mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamate will subsequently react with ammonia , generated in the AMP deaminase reaction or by deamination of amino acids , under formation of glutamine in a reaction catalysed by glutamine synthetase ( glutamate + ammonia + ATP > glutamine + ADP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Studies on the levels of glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) , glutamine synthetase , and glutamate synthase were carried out as a function of temperature , nutritional conditions , and the morphological ( yeast or mycelium ) form of Benjaminiella poitrasii . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibition of glutamine synthetase with methionine sulfoximine resulted in very low hsp expression with glutamate and normal high level expression with glutamine , confirming the importance of glutamine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We previously showed that the specific activity of glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , an astroglial enzyme with a key role in glutamate and ammonia metabolism in the brain , is reduced in fetal guinea pigs exposed to low levels of lead . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They confirm previous label incorporation studies in the metabolically intact liver , demonstrating an almost exclusive uptake of vascular glutamate and alpha ketoglutarate into perivenous glutamine synthetase containing hepatocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase catalyzes the formation of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The rate of formation of [ 15N ] glutamate and [ 15N ] aspartate from 5 mM 15NH4Cl was approximately 0 . 2 nmol / min / mg of protein , a value much less than flux through glutaminase ( 4 . 8 nmol / min / mg of protein ) but greater than flux through glutamine synthetase ( 0 . 045 nmol / min / mg of protein ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The binding of the GlnR protein to the DNA fragment was enhanced by the presence of glutamine synthetase , the product of glnA , of B . cereus or B . subtilis , although the affinity of the GlnR protein for DNA was not affected in the presence of glutamate , glutamine , Mg2+ , Mn2+ , or ammonia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activities of glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamate synthase , glutamine synthetase , glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase could be measured in cells grown on these three nitrogen sources . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we report that immunoreactivity against glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , one of the glutamate metabolizing enzymes , is localized in the fine astrocytic processes associated with identified glutamatergic synapses in the rat hippocampus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase is an enzyme found in astrocytes that converts glutamate to its nontoxic analogue , glutamine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The maximal activities of glutamine synthetase ( 20 . 4 % , P less than 0 . 05 ) , phosphate dependent glutaminase ( 18 . 9 % , P less than 0 . 05 ) and alanine aminotransferase ( 25 . 5 % , P less than 0 . 05 ) were increased , but there was no marked change in that of glutamate dehydrogenase , in the lungs of septic rats . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Methylammonium / ammonium ion , glutamine , glutamate , arginine and proline uptake , and their assimilation as nitrogen sources , was studied in Nostoc muscorum and its glutamine synthetase deficient mutant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase activity in the digestive tract in lambs in relation to age ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Despite a demonstrable decrement in whole brain glutamine synthetase activity , whole brain glutamate content is unaltered in animals exposed to 100 % oxygen for 2 h . ^^^ Furthermore , despite a persistent two fold decrement in glutamine synthetase activity in animals exposed to 100 % oxygen for 6 h , there remained no significant difference in glutamate content or in the glutamate / glutamine ratio between these animals and animals similarly exposed to room air . ^^^ These results imply that the observed decrease in glutamine synthetase activity does not globally influence the glutamate content of the brain . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lead decreased the growth rates , total cell mass , heterocyst frequency , total cell protein , nitrogenase activity , glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and glutamate synthase ( GOGAT ) activities in N : muscorum . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This pattern is consistent with the neuronal location of the GABA synthesizing enzyme glutamate decarboxylase and the astrocytic localization of the glutamine synthesizing enzyme , glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Epidermal growth factor treatment during early postnatal development : glutamine synthetase and glutamate decarboxylase activities in mouse brain . ^^^ In order to evaluate this hypothesis the effects of subcutaneous and intracerebral treatment with epidermal growth factor on glutamine synthetase , an astroglial marker enzyme , and glutamate decarboxylase activity , a marker enzyme of GABAergic neurons , were investigated during postnatal development of mouse brain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The activities of the NH 4 ( + ) assimilating enzymes ( glutamine synthetase [ GS ] , glutamate synthase , glutamate dehydrogenase , and alanine dehydrogenase ) were determined in cells grown on NH4+ and N 2 and in vesicles and hyphae from N 2 fixing cultures separated on sucrose gradients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Neurotransmitter related ( choline acetyltransferase , acetylcholinesterase , glutamate decarboxylase , L glutamate and GABA high affinity uptake ) and glial neurochemical markers ( glutamine synthetase , beta alanine uptake and 2 ' , 3 ' cyclic nucleotide phosphohydrolase ) have been quantitatively assayed in various regions of the rat CNS during normal postnatal development : spinal cord , cerebellum , superior colliculus , hippocampus , striatum , visual cortex , frontal sensory motor cortex and prefrontal cortex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cerebral activities of glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) , glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , and branched chain amino acid aminotransferase ( BCAA T ) along with the levels of ammonia in serum and brain were determined in normal , sham operated and partially hepatectomized rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A reduction in glutamine synthetase by kainic acid may impair the capacity for astrocytes to metabolize glutamate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Increased glutamate uptake and glutamine synthetase activity in neuronal cell cultures surviving chronic hypoxia . ^^^ The most impressive neurochemical differences between the two conditions related to changes in the predominantly or exclusively glial functions of glutamate uptake and glutamine synthetase activity . ^^^ In those cultures with relatively preserved neuronal morphology : 1 ) high affinity uptake of glutamate was elevated compared to the shorter hypoxic insult by 3 days of recovery ( 104 vs 70 % , P less than 0 . 001 ) and 2 ) glutamine synthetase , an enzyme localized primarily within astrocytes , was significantly elevated even when compared to absolute control values ( 148 % , P less than 0 . 001 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Specific neurochemical markers for cholinergic neurons ( choline acetyltransferase , ChAT ) , GABAergic neurons ( glutamate decarboxylase ; GAD ) , and astrocytes ( glutamine synthetase ; GS ) were assayed to asses the neurochemical recovery promoted by ganglioside treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Methionine sulfoxime ( MS ) is an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase , an astroglial enzyme believed to be involved in the maintenance of glutamine , a major precursor for neurotransmitter pools of the excitatory amino acids aspartate and glutamate in striatal afferent axon terminals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression patterns of the mRNAs for the ammonia metabolizing enzymes carbamoylphosphate synthetase ( CPS ) , glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) were studied in developing pre and neonatal rat liver by in situ hybridization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It has been found that there exists a correlation in the dynamics of changes in the amount of glutamate , alpha ketoglutarate , glutamine , ammonia and activity level or alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase , NADP glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase and glutaminase in the brain of young carp in the process of winter starvation . ^^^ It has been stated that under condition of energy deficiency and meaningful amount of ammonia in the organism of hibernating fish , its binding parallel with the known glutamine synthetase mechanism may proceed in the course of the NADP glutamate dehydrogenase reaction which balance is shifted towards the glutamate synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Studies with disruption alleles of the URE 2 and GLN 3 genes showed that both genes regulate GLN 1 and GDH 2 , the structural genes for glutamine synthetase and NAD linked glutamate dehydrogenase , respectively , at the transcriptional level , but expression of the regulatory genes does not appear to be regulated . ^^^ Active URE 2 gene product was required for the inactivation of glutamine synthetase upon addition of glutamine to cells growing with glutamate as the source of nitrogen . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This protective effect may be mediated by a presynaptic mechanism ; methionine sulfoximine profoundly inhibits brain glutamine synthetase , thereby interrupting the astrocyte neuron glutamate shuttle and impairing neuronal glutamate release . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A pathway involving aspartate aminotransferase , glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase , phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase , pyruvate kinase , pyruvate dehydrogenase and enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle is proposed for the conversion of aspartate into glutamine . 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The finding of both active glutaminase and glutamine synthetase activity in the same liver cells is an evidence of the existence of an active glutamine glutamate futile cycle . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The activities of alanine , aspartate and branched chain amino acid transaminases , glutamine synthetase , glutamate dehydrogenase and adenylate deaminase in white adipose tissue of adult male rats have been determined in animals submitted to 12 h cold exposure ( 4 degrees C ) or to 24 h food deprivation . ^^^ Starvation resulted in small changes in glutamate dehydrogenase and alanine transaminase when expressed per unit of protein weight , inducing an increase in branched chain amino acid transaminase and glutamine synthetase . ^^^ Cold exposure showed the same effects as starvation with respect to glutamate dehydrogenase and alanine transaminase , but induced increases in glutamine synthetase and aspartate transaminase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To contribute to our understanding of nitrogen metabolism in the developing chick we have studied in liver , intestine and yolk sac membrane the ontogeny of both aspartate and alanine transaminases , glutamate dehydrogenase , adenylate deaminase , glutamine synthetase and xanthine dehydrogenase activities . ^^^ In the liver , both alanine transaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase increased their activity just before hatching , xanthine dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase develop their highest activity just after hatching , while aspartate transaminase and adenylate deaminase attained the highest levels just with adulthood . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They suggest that Ca2+ and the Na+ , K+ pump may serve a role in regulating the activity of ATP dependent glutamine synthetase , a key enzyme of the glutamate glutamine cycle , located in the astrocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Replacement of the chromosomal gltB+ gene by the gltB 225 : : omega mutation led to cells unable to synthesize glutamate synthase , utilize growth rate limiting nitrogen sources , or derepress their glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The activities of urease ( EC 3 . 5 . 1 . 5 ) , carboxymethylcellulose , glutamate dehydrogenase ( EC 1 . 4 . 1 . 2 ) and alanine aminotransferase ( glutamic pyruvic transaminase ) ( EC 2 . 6 . 1 . 2 ) were significantly lower in the tannin rich group , whereas the activities of glutamate ammonia ligase ( glutamine synthetase ) ( EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ; both gamma glutamyltransferase ( EC 2 . 3 . 2 . 2 ) and the forward reaction ) were higher in the tannin rich group . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The levels of circulating glucose , amino acids , lactate , urea and ammonium were measured as well as liver glycogen and tissue amino acids and the liver and muscle activities of carbamoyl phosphate synthetases 1 and 2 , glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase and adenylate deaminase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One of the transport systems showed Km values of 8 microM ( Vmax = 1 nmole min 1mg 1protein ) and 80 microM ( Vmax = 7 nmole min 1mg 1protein ) , and was insensitive to L methionine DL sulphoximine , a glutamate analogue and irreversible inhibitor of glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The [ 13N ] ammonium released is assimilated by glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase , confirming the operation of a glutamine cycle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The glutamine synthetase and the NADP specific glutamate dehydrogenase activities of Neurospora crassa were lost in a culture without carbon source only when in the presence of air . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamate , glutamine , arginine , or high levels ( 20 mM ) of ammonium will serve as the sole nitrogen source for growth of these strains , and glutamine synthetase is normally expressed and repressed by the nitrogen regulatory ( Ntr ) system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The high perivenous / periportal ratio of 59 found for glutamine synthetase activity as well as the perivenous / periportal ratios of other marker enzymes further indicated the good separation of periportal and perivenous cells . alpha Aminoisobutyric acid , histidine and glutamate were used to determine the distribution pattern of amino acid transport systems A , N and G , as well as of the sodium independent uptake of these compounds 1 hr after isolation and after maximal hormonal stimulation during primary culture . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In astrocytes grown in primary cultures from cerebral cortex of neonatal rats , alpha 1 adrenoceptors regulate the active uptake of glutamate followed by an activation of glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase ( GOT ; EC 2 . 6 . 1 . 1 . ) and a slight activation of glutamine synthetase ( GS ; EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 . ) activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ammonia produced by urea hydrolysis , catalyzed by urease , reacts with glutamate and ATP in the presence of glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pathways of ammonia assimilation into glutamic acid were investigated in ammonia grown and N 2 fixing Clostridium kluyverii and Clostridium butyricum by measuring the specific activities of glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase , and glutamate synthase . ^^^ The glutamate dehydrogenase pathway played an important role in ammonia assimilation in ammonia grown cells but was found to play a minor role relative to that of the glutamine synthetase / NADPH glutamate synthase pathway in nitrogen fixing cells when the intracellular NH4+ concentration and the low affinity of the enzyme for NH4+ were taken into account . ^^^ In C . butyricum grown on glucose salt medium with ammonia or N 2 as the nitrogen source , glutamate dehydrogenase activity was undetectable , and the glutamine synthetase / NADH glutamate synthase pathway was the predominant pathway of ammonia assimilation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the roles imposed on astrocytes for glutamate metabolism , a specific inhibitor of glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , methionine sulfoximine ( MSO ) , was repeatedly administered to rats and histopathological changes were correlated with glycogen accumulation and the immunocytochemistry of GS and glial fibrillary acidic protein ( GFAP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The role of glutamine for the production of transmitter glutamate and GABA in vivo was further investigated by inhibiting glutamine synthetase with intrastriatally administered methionine sulfoximine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The glutamine synthetase ( GS ) glutamate synthase pathway is the primary route used by members of the family Rhizobiaceae to assimilate ammonia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This was observed in both , antegrade and retrograde perfusions and suggests an almost exclusive uptake of glutamate into perivenous glutamine synthetase containing hepatocytes . 2 . ^^^ Comparison of the specific radioactivities of glutamine and glutamate released from perivenous cells indicates that about 60 % of total glutamate release from the liver is derived from the perivenous glutamine synthetase containing cell population . ^^^ It is concluded that , in the intact liver , vascular glutamate is almost exclusively taken up by the small perivenous hepatocyte population containing glutamine synthetase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase , glutamate synthase , and glutamate dehydrogenase can be easily assayed in situ , after the cells are made permeable to the reagents , or in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the presence of phosphinothricin , an inhibitor or glutamine synthetase , 15N labelling of glutamate , alanine and aspartate was maintained whereas the labelling of glutamine was low . ^^^ Observations with these two inhibitors suggest that ammonia assimilation can occur concurrently via the glutamine synthetase / glutamate synthase and the glutamate dehydrogenase pathways in low ammonia grown A . nidulans . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activities and properties of the ammonium assimilation enzymes NADP+ dependent glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) , glutamate synthase ( GOGAT ) and glutamine synthetase ( GS ) were determined in batch and continuous cultures of Candida albicans . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Benzoate induced glutamate efflux from the liver was not dependent on the concentration ( 0 1 mM ) of ammonia ( NH 3 + NH4+ ) in the influent perfusate , but was significantly increased after inhibition of glutamine synthetase by methionine sulphoximine or during the metabolism of added glutamine ( 5 mM ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Neurospora crassa wild type is almost unable to grow on glutamine as sole nitrogen and carbon source but a GDH ; GS + / double mutant strain , lacking NADP dependent glutamate dehydrogenase and partially lacking glutamine synthetase did grow . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ammonia assimilation in Arthrobacter P 1 involved NADP dependent glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) , NAD dependent alanine dehydrogenase ( ADH ) and glutamine synthetase ( GS ) as key enzymes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial and neuronal glutamate transport following glutamine synthetase inhibition . ^^^ Glutamate transport into striatal tissue preparations was studied following inhibition of glutamine synthetase with methionine sulfoximine ( MSO ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ontogenetic development of the enzymes phosphate activated glutaminase ( PAG ) , glutamate dehydrogenase ( GLDH ) , glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase ( GOT ) , glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , and ornithine delta aminotransferase ( Orn T ) was followed in cerebellum in vivo and in cultured cerebellar granule cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Distribution of glutamine synthetase and glial fibrillary acidic protein and correlation of glutamine synthetase with glutamate decarboxylase in different regions of the rat central nervous system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The development of different enzymes involved in the metabolism of glutamate was also studied ; the specific activity of glutaminase increased in culture and was found to be higher in a CDM than in a SCM , while the inverse was true for glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The rat brain appears to have little capacity to adapt to chronic hyperammonemia because there were no differences in activity compared with those of weight matched controls for the following brain enzymes involved in glutamate / ammonia metabolism : glutamine synthetase , glutamate dehydrogenase , aspartate aminotransferase , glutamine transaminase , glutaminase , and glutamate decarboxylase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The finding of both active glutaminase and glutamine synthetase activity in the same liver cells is evidence of the existence of an active glutamine glutamate futile cycle . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Influence of nitrogen source and growth status on glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase activity in Mycobacterium avium . ^^^ An investigation was made of the activity of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase from batch cultured cells of Mycobacterium avium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results are consistent with the assimilation of ammonium via glutamate dehydrogenase or glutamine synthetase glutamate synthase rather than alanine dehydrogenase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
D Glutamate can elicit an increase in the specific activity of glutamine synthetase ( GS ) when added to cells growing in the presence of high ammonia nitrogen . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In neuronal perikarya , the activities of glutamate dehydrogenase , aspartate , alanine aminotransferases and glutamine synthetase were elevated in hyperammonemic states . ^^^ In synaptosomes , glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase were suppressed , while glutamine synthetase and glutaminase were elevated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activities of alanine and aspartate transaminases , glutamine synthetase , adenylate deaminase , glutamate and xanthine dehydrogenases and lactate dehydrogenase were measured in leg and breast muscles of developing chicks from day 10 in ovo to day 5 of free life , and compared with measurements for adult hens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the rat liver acinus area synthesis and glutaminase activity are predominantly localized in the periportal area , whereas glutamine synthetase activity and the transport system for glutamate in the plasma membrane are perivenous . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking aconitase did not grow on minimal medium ( MM ) and had five to tenfold less NADP+ dependent glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) activity than the wild type , although its glutamine synthetase ( GS ) activity was still inducible . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The activities of aspartate and alanine transaminase , serine dehydratase , arginase , glutamate dehydrogenase , adenylate deaminase and glutamine synthetase were determined in the stomach and small intestine of developing rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens C 18 was found to possess glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , urease , glutamate dehydrogenase , and several other nitrogen assimilation enzymes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Amino acids of the glutamate family , viz . glutamic acid , aspartic acid , glutamine , gamma amino butyric acid ( GABA ) and alanine , along with the activities of glutamic acid dehydrogenase ( GDH ) , aspartic acid aminotransferase ( AST ) , alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) , glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , glutaminase , glutamic acid decarboxylase ( GAD ) and GABA aminotransferase ( GABA T ) were estimated in cerebral cortex , cerebellum and brain stem of rats treated with a single dose of lithium or with seven daily doses of lithium ( 3 m equiv . / kg body wt ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effects of seeding time on [ 3H ] L glutamate transport and glutamine synthetase activity . ^^^ Primary astroglial enriched cultures from various brain regions were studied with respect to age at seeding and time in culture and its effect on the [ 3H ] L glutamate transport capacity and glutamine synthetase ( G . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Apparent inhibition of ATP citrate lyase by L glutamate in vitro is due to the presence of glutamine synthetase . ^^^ These lines of evidence implicate endogenous glutamine synthetase , and the involvement of this enzyme is established by the use of its inhibitor L methionine sulphoximine and by the addition of purified glutamine synthetase to restore the glutamate inhibition of purified ATP citrate lyase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthesis in skeletal muscle may be regulated primarily by the availability of ammonia , which is associated with the degradation of adenine nucleotides , and secondarily by the amount of glutamine synthetase and glutamate in the tissue . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
C . thermosaccharolyticum contains a nitrogenase as inferred from NH4+ repressible C2H2 reduction , a glutamine synthetase which is partially repressed by ammonium , very labile glutamate synthase activities with both NADH and NADPH , NADPH dependent glutamate dehydrogenase , and NH4+ dependent asparagine synthetase . ^^^ C . thermoautotrophicum contains no nitrogenase , but glutamine synthetase , no glutamate synthase , no glutamate dehydrogenase , but a NADH dependent alanine dehydrogenase and a NH4+ dependent asparagine synthetase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
After the addition of [ 15N ] glutamate the ammonia concentration in the medium declined , but the intracellular ATP concentration was unchanged despite concomitant ATP consumption in the glutamine synthetase reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There was a nil arginase and serine dehydratase activities in interscapular brown adipose tissue , but the activity of adenylate deaminase , glutamine synthetase , glutamate dehydrogenase and the aspartate , alanine and branched chain amino acid transaminases was higher than those of white adipose tissue ; the differences were diminished when expressed per unit of protein weight . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase , ornithine transcarbamylase , both utilizing glutamate as substrate were assayed under different growth conditions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase is encoded by the glnA gene of Escherichia coli and catalyzes the formation of glutamine from ATP , glutamate , and ammonia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The activities of alanine and aspartate transaminases , adenylate deaminase , glutamine synthetase and glutamate and xanthine dehydrogenases have been measured in liver , yolk sac membrane , intestine and breast and leg muscle of domestic fowl hatchlings receiving for 3 or 5 days either a standard diet or hard boiled eggwhite as well as in 3 or 5 days starved animals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prominent glutamate oxidation and transformation linked low glutamine synthetase activity may be favorable to the bioenergetics of this fast growing tumor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Other enzymes , however , were normal in their activity including isocitric dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The interaction of Mn2+ with the substrate glutamate and several transition state analog inhibitors of glutamine synthetase has been studied . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No clear relationship could be drawn between cephalosporin production or beta lactam synthetase activities and the activities of enzymes of ammonium assimilation ( glutamine synthetase , glutamate synthase and alanine dehydrogenase ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of administration of chlorpromazine on the activity of glutamine synthetase and glutaminase and the content of glutamate and gamma aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) in different regions of rat brain was studied in an investigation of the possible role of these amino acids in the lowering of the seizure threshold following prolonged administration of chlorpromazine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of 24 hr starvation on the amino acid pool composition and its concentration ratios with respect to blood and plasma as well as the activities of alanine , aspartate and branched chain amino acid transaminases , glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase and adenylate deaminase have been studied in rat brown adipose tissue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pathways of ammonia assimilation into glutamic acid and alanine in Bacillus polymyxa were investigated by 15N NMR spectroscopy in combination with measurements of the specific activities of glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase , glutamate synthetase , alanine dehydrogenase , and glutamic alanine transaminase . ^^^ The in vitro specific activities of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase , which represent the rates of synthesis of glutamic acid and glutamine , respectively , in the presence of enzyme saturating concentrations of substrates and coenzymes are compared with the in vivo rates of biosynthesis of [ 15N ] glutamic acid and [ alpha , gamma 15N ] glutamine observed by NMR , and implications of the results for factors limiting the rates of their biosynthesis in ammonia and nitrate grown cells are discussed . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A rapid assay method for ammonia using glutamine synthetase from glutamate producing bacteria . ^^^ A rapid enzymatic assay method for ammonia was developed by using glutamine synthetase from glutamate producing bacteria together with pyruvate kinase , lactate dehydrogenase , and NADH . ^^^ The time required for determination of 25 nmol of ammonia was 5 min with 1 unit of glutamine synthetase , as opposed to 14 30 min with 1 unit of glutamate dehydrogenases from various sources . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The amino acid pool composition and its concentration ratios with respect to blood and plasma , as well as the activities of alanine , aspartate and branched chain amino acid transaminases , glutamine synthetase , adenylate deaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase have been studied in the interscapular brown adipose tissue of control , 12 h cold exposed and 15 day cold acclimated rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The specific activities of glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and glutamate synthase ( GOGAT ) were 4 . 2 and 2 . 2 fold higher , respectively , in cells of Azospirillum brasilense grown with N 2 than with 43 mM NH4+ as the source of nitrogen . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By comparing the specific activity of L [ 13N ] glutamate to that of L [ amine 13N ] glutamine following intracarotid [ 13N ] ammonia administration it was concluded that metabolic compartmentation is no longer intact in the brains of rats treated with the glutamine synthetase inhibitor L methionine SR sulfoximine ( MSO ) and that blood and brain ammonia pools mix in such animals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pathways of ammonia assimilation into glutamic acid in Bacillus macerans were investigated by measurements of the specific activities of glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) , glutamine synthetase , and glutamate synthase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamate dehydrogenase ( aminating ) and glutamine synthetase activities were assayed in Mycobacterium smegmatis following growth on various carbon and nitrogen sources . ^^^ Glutamate and ammonium chloride , when present in the growth medium , repressed both glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase , though the degree of repression was small . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase activity of the bacteria of the sheep ' s rumen after different nitrogen intake . ^^^ In experiments on 18 sheep with a differentiated nitrogen intake ( 3 . 7 , 6 . 2 and 21 g N / day ) , it was found that different enzyme activities glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) ( NADH and NADPH dependent ) and glutamine synthetase ( GS ) of bacteria adhering to the rumen wall and to food particles and the rumen fluid bacteria altered in correlation to the nitrogen intake . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutations in the GLN 3 gene prevented a normal increase in the NAD glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase levels in glutamate grown Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells , whereas mutations in the URE 2 gene resulted in high levels of these enzymes in glumate and glutamine grown cells . ^^^ A ure 2 gln3 double mutant had low levels of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase in cells grown on glutamate and glutamine ; thus , gln 3 mutations were epistatic to the ure 2 mutations . ^^^ The activities of glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase , and arginase were higher in cells grown on glutamate as the nitrogen source than they were in cells grown under a nitrogen limiting condition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ammonium assimilation in Rhizobium phaseoli by the glutamine synthetase glutamate synthase pathway . ^^^ Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies showed that in Rhizobium phaseoli ammonium is assimilated by the glutamine synthetase ( GS ) glutamate synthase NADPH pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pathways of ammonia assimilation into glutamic acid in Bacillus azotofixans , a recently characterized nitrogen fixing species of Bacillus , were investigated through observation by NMR spectroscopy of in vivo incorporation of 15N into glutamine and glutamic acid in the absence and presence of inhibitors of ammonia assimilating enzymes , in combination with measurements of the specific activities of glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase , glutamate synthase , and alanine dehydrogenase . ^^^ In ammonia grown cells , both the glutamine synthetase / glutamate synthase and the glutamate dehydrogenase pathways contribute to the assimilation of ammonia into glutamic acid . ^^^ In nitrate grown and nitrogen fixing cells , the glutamine synthetase / glutamate synthase pathway was found to be predominant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effects of medium glutamine , glutamate , and ammonia on glutamine synthetase activity in cultured mouse astroglial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The appearance of the distribution patterns of the NH 3 metabolizing enzymes carbamoylphosphate synthetase , glutamate dehydrogenase , and glutamine synthetase in the developing liver of an altricial species ( rat ) was compared with that in the developing liver of a closely related , precocial species ( spiny mouse ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A new synthesis of adenosine 5 ' ( [ gamma ( R ) 17O , 18O ] gamma thiotriphosphate ) and its use to determine the stereochemical course of the activation of glutamate by glutamine synthetase . ^^^ This material was used as a substrate for the activation of glutamate catalyzed by glutamine synthetase from Salmonella typhimurium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase is responsible for the conversion of glutamate to its non toxic metabolite , glutamine , in the CNS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is proposed that in synaptosomes ( a ) the predominant route of glutamate nitrogen disposal is through the aspartate aminotransferase reaction ; ( b ) the aspartate aminotransferase pathway generates 2 oxoglutarate , which then serves as the metabolic fuel needed to produce ATP ; ( c ) utilization of glutamate via transamination to aspartate is greatly accelerated when flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle is diminished by the omission of glucose ; ( d ) the metabolism of glutamate via glutamate dehydrogenase in intact synaptosomes is slow , most likely reflecting restriction of enzyme activity by some unknown factor ( s ) , which suggests that the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction may not be near equilibrium in neurons ; and ( e ) the activities of alanine aminotransferase and glutamine synthetase in synaptosomes are very low . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Under conditions of limited nitrogen content in the medium production of glutamate during the antibiotic biosynthesis depended on glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The activities of glutamine synthetase was found increased in liver , muscle and kidney ; and glutamate dehydrogenase increased in liver and decreased in muscle and kidney . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of physiological concentrations of insulin ( 2 and 20 ng / ml ) on glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) activities were compared in mouse and chick glial cells in culture . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The activities of alanine , aspartate and branched chain amino acid transaminases , glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase and adenylate deaminase have been studied in liver of male rats exposed [ 12 hours at 4 degrees C ] or acclimated [ 15 days at 4 degrees C ] to cold temperature . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mRNA levels of glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) decreased similarly in three different brain regions , whereas those of glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and glutaminase ( GA ) increased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A glycine resistant Neurospora crassa mutant ( am 132 ; glyr ) , derived from the am 132 mutant , was isolated and characterized . [ am 132 itself has a deletion in the structural gene for NADP dependent glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) . ] This new mutation also conferred resistance to serine and methionine sulphoximine ( MS ) , which are inhibitors of glutamine synthetase ( GS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The dynamics of the glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase activity was studied during cultivation of Str . antibioticus on media with different contents of glucose and ammonium sulfate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The main route of assimilation of ammonia appears to be through the glutamine synthetase glutamate synthase cycle in the ectomycorrhizas . ^^^ Glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase are present in free living ectomycorrhizal fungi and they participate in the assimilation of ammonia and the synthesis of amino acids through the glutamate dehydrogenase / glutamine synthetase sequence . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the presence of alanine + NaH14CO3 + MSO , an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase , most of the 14CO2 fixed by pyruvate carboxylase was subsequently released and carbon 1 of glutamate was the only site of labelling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pentylenetetrazole does not affect the specific activities of glutamine synthetase , glutaminase , or glutamate decarboxylase ; it inhibits those of glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase , and stimulates that of gamma aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) aminotransferase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The content of ammonium , glutamine , glutamate , aspartate and GABA , glutamine synthetase activity , acid proteinase , hexonase , phosphohexoisomerase and dehydrogenase glucose 6 phosphate were studied in dog brain homogenates after individual injections of Bacillus coli endotoxin ( 10 micrograms / kg ) and adrenaline ( 75 micrograms / kg ) into veins and their combined injections into the carotid artery . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The size of the periportal glutamate dehydrogenase containing zone is appreciably smaller than that of carbamoylphosphate synthetase , whereas the pericentral glutamate dehydrogenase containing zone is appreciably larger than that of glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The development of cholinergic , gamma aminobutyric acid ergic ( GABAergic ) , and glutamatergic neurons was monitored respectively in terms of choline acetyltransferase ( ChAT ) , glutamate decarboxylase ( GAD ) , and glutaminase activities , whereas glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and 2 ' , 3 ' cyclic nucleotide 3 ' phosphohydrolase ( CNPase ) activities were used to judge the maturation of astroglial and oligodendroglial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The similarity between the reactions catalyzed by folylpoly gamma glutamate synthetase ( FPGS ) , gamma glutamylcysteine synthetase , and glutamine synthetase , as well as the susceptibility of the latter two enzymes to inhibition by methionine sulfoximine , suggest that folic acid derivatives with methionine sulfoximine or its alkyl homologs in place of the glutamate side chain of folate are good candidates to act as enzyme generated transition state analog inhibitors of the FPGS reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These findings suggest that glutamate dehydrogenase , like glutamine synthetase , is enriched in glia relative to neurons . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Little labeled ammonia ( 1 . 9 % ) and glutamine ( 4 . 7 % ) were produced , indicating limited accessibility of exogenous glutamate to catabolic mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase , under control conditions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Absence of involvement of glutamine synthetase and of NAD linked glutamate dehydrogenase in the nitrogen catabolite repression of arginase and other enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inactivation in vivo of glutamine synthetase and NAD specific glutamate dehydrogenase : its role in the regulation of glutamine synthesis in yeasts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Utilization of a cyclopentane analog of glutamate ( cis 1 amino 1 , 3 dicarboxycyclopentane ) by glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Regulation of synthesis of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase in micro organisms . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The enzymes of two pathways by which ammonia can be fixed were detected in this strain DR 0001 could use either a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate coupled glutamate dehydrogenase or the combined action of adenosine 5 ' triphosphate driven glutamine synthetase with a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide coupled glutamate synthase to assimilate ammonia for the biosynthesis of amino acids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The subcellular localization of glutamine synthetase , an enzyme fundamental to the compartmentation of glutamate hypothesis , was investigated using brain tissue of adult rats . ^^^ Since one population of synaptic mitochondria has previously been shown to be enriched in glutamate dehydrogenase and acetyl CoA synthetase and in view of the current observtions that synaptosomes are probably in association with a large proportion of brain glutamine synthetase , it is tentatively suggested that the synaptic complex represents at least in part the site of the ' small ' glutamate pool . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Aspartate transaminase , alanine transaminase , glutamate dehydrogenase , arginase , serine dehydratase , tyrosine transaminase , glutamine synthetase , glutaminase and adenylate deaminase activities were measured in crude homogenates of 12 , 19 and 21 day rat placentae . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In N 2 grown cultures of Anabaena L 31 , in which protein synthesis was prevented by chloramphenicol , presence of NH+4 caused a drastic decrease of glutamine synthetase ( L glutamate : ammonia ligase ( ADP forming ) , EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ) activity indicating NH+4 mediated inactivation or degradation of the enzyme . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The key metabolite in this process appears to be glutamine or a product derived from it , since ammonia and glutamate did not repress urease and histidase synthesis in a mutant lacking glutamine synthetase activity when growth was limited for glutamine . ^^^ High levels of glutamine were also required for the derepression of NADP dependent glutamate dehydrogenase formation in the glutamine synthetase negative mutant . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results for the total mass measurement of the multisubunit enzymes glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase are also close to the literature values for their molecular weights . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris assimilated ammonium via glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The glutamate analog methionine sulfoximine ( MSX ) , inhibited glutamine synthetase activity in vitro , but glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamate synthase , and urease activities were not affected . ^^^ These results are discussed with respect to the importance of glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase for ammonia assimilation under different growth conditions and the relationship of these enzymes to urease . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two pathways of ammonium assimilation are known in bacteria , one mediated by glutamate dehydrogenase , the other by glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase . ^^^ All the strains had active glutamine synthetase and NADP linked glutamate synthase . ^^^ It was found that the sole mode of ammonium assimilation in strain 12 is the glutamine synthetase glutamate synthase route ; whereas the two pathways are functional in strain 2011 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The glutamine synthetase glutamate synthase system in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides ] . ^^^ The phototrophic purple bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides , strain 2R , can assimilate ammonium by means of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase . ^^^ A higher activity of glutamine synthetase is displayed by cells grown in the medium with glutamate or in the atmosphere of molecular nitrogen . ^^^ However , in contrast to glutamine synthetase , the activity of glutamate synthase does not decrease in the presence of considerable NH4+ amounts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Addition of kainate , an analogue of glutamate , enhances cortisol induction of glutamine synthetase by a factor of 2 under similar conditions . ^^^ Kainate or L glutamate treatment for 5 min ( followed by incubation with cortisol for 24 h ) also sometimes enhances retinal glutamine synthetase compared with untreated controls . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Acetylcholinesterase , glutamine synthetase , acid phosphatase and glutamate dehydrogenase activity in brain and cholinesterase activity in blood were investigated in mice exposed to 170 p . p . m . trichloroethylene ( TCE ) during 30 days . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both organisms contained significant activities of glutamine synthetase , glutamate synthase , glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase , and glutamate pyruvate transaminase . ^^^ The in vivo activity of the glutamine synthetase was verified in M . thermoautotrophicum by analysis of 13NH3 incorporation into glutamine , glutamate , and alanine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Nitrogen control in Pseudomonas aeruginosa : mutants affected in the synthesis of glutamine synthetase , urease , and NADP dependent glutamate dehydrogenase . ^^^ In contrast to the wild type strain , these mutants appeared to be unable to derepress the formation of glutamine synthetase and urease under nitrogen limited growth conditions , whereas NADP dependent glutamate dehydrogenase became derepressed . ^^^ These revertants were different from both the wild type strain and the GlnR mutant with respect to the regulation of the synthesis of glutamine synthetase , urease , and NADP dependent glutamate dehydrogenase ( GlnRc phenotype ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The neuronal activities of glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase were respectively about 4 to 8 fold and 2 to 5 fold lower than in astrocytes , depending upon the class of neurone and the type of preparation used for comparison . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A new high performance liquid chromatography assay for glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase in plant tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A second class of MSX resistant mutants had a glutamine synthetase activity with altered affinity constants for glutamine and glutamate relative to the wild type enzyme . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The symbiosis are relatively specific , and among the changes which occur in the endophytic cyanobacteria are increases in the size of the vegetative cells , changes in the ultrastructure of the vegetative cells , a tendency for a reduction in the filamentous habit , an increased heterocyst frequency when another photosynthetic partner is present , reduced activities of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase , and NH4+ release by ; the endophytic cyanobacteria . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Localization and activities of nitrogenase , glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase in Azotobacter vinelandii grown in oxygen controlled continuous culture . ^^^ Cell free extracts were employed to study the oxygen dependency of the intracellular distribution and activity of the following enzymes : nitrogenase , glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The developmental changes of enzymes involved in the energy metabolism of the cell : malate dehydrogenase ( MDH ) , glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) , hexokinase ( HK ) , lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) , enolase as well as glutamine synthetase ( GS ) were determined in trypsin treated cells and controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The enzymes of glutamate metabolism were estimated in astrocytes isolated from brains of normal rats and those injected with the potent convulsant , methionine sulfoximine ( MSO ) , which inhibits glutamine synthetase and induces Alzheimer type 2 astrocytosis . ^^^ The metabolic effects of MSO were found to be different from those of ammonia wherein a fall in the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase and an increase in the activity of glutamine synthetase was noticed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
High levels of both glutamine synthetase and a unique L glutamine and N acetyl L glutamate dependent carbamoyl phosphate synthetase are present in the mitochondria in livers of marine urea retaining elasmobranchs ( Casey , C . ^^^ Selective inhibition of the glutamine dependent activity of the carbamoyl phosphate synthetase in the isolated mitochondria completely inhibits the ability of the mitochondria to synthesize citrulline from glutamine or from ammonia plus glutamate , whereas selective inhibition of glutamine synthetase inhibits citrulline synthesis from ammonia plus glutamate , but not from glutamine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In ORS 571 , only the glutamine synthetase ( GS ) glutamate synthase ( GOGAT ) pathway assimilated ammonium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The level of glutamine synthetase , a glial marker enzyme , was slightly increased while the activities of glutamate decarboxylase , glutamate dehydrogenase , and glutamate oxaloacetic transaminase were unchanged . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase , glutamate synthase , malate dehydrogenase , nitrogenase , and ammonium were assayed before and after malate addition . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The activities of glutamine synthetase , glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase were inhibited in the synaptosomes of drug treated animals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
C 6 cells treated with 10 microM hydrocortisone , which is known to induce glutamine synthetase activity , were also resistant to L glutamate , but not to L aminoadipate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The phenotypic characterization of these spontaneous mutants showed ( 1 ) an inability to grow with N 2 as the nitrogen source , no measurable nitrogenase activity , a reduction or absence of the three polypeptides of the MoFe and Fe proteins of the nitrogenase complex , a faster growth rate on glutamate as the nitrogen source under saturating light , and frequently a small increase in glutamine synthetase activity relative to that of the wild type when grown with glutamate as the nitrogen source . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Alteration of striatal glutamate release after glutamine synthetase inhibition . ^^^ The effect of the glutamine synthetase ( GS ) inhibitor , methionine sulfoximine ( MSO ) , on glutamate levels in , and glutamate release from , rat striatal tissue was examined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Four polypeptides , in addition to the glutamine synthetase subunit are synthesized at elevated rates when GLN3+ cultures are shifted from glutamine to glutamate media as determined by pulse labeling and one and two dimensional gel electrophoresis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The specific activities of glutamine synthetase , glutaminase 1 , glutaminase 2 and glutamate decarboxylase and concentrations of aspartic acid , glutamic acid , glutamine and gamma aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) in the brain were also decreased on wheat and Bengalgram diets . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Results obtained from studies of fractional inhibition of glutamine synthetase activity were consistent with the presence of one allosteric site for glutamine binding ( apparent I0 . 5 , 2 . 2mM ) per active enzyme unit at a glutamate concentration of 50 mM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The amino acid enzymes ( aspartate , alanine and tyrosine transaminases , serine dehydratase , glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase , adenylate deaminase and arginase ) activities in the liver and kidney of developing rats ( days 19 and 21 after conception and 1 , 5 , 10 , 20 and 30 after birth ) compared with adults were determined in crude homogenates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The activities of alanine , aspartate and tyrosine transaminase , adenylate deaminase , glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase have been measured in hind leg striated muscle , lumbar adipose tissue and lumbar skin of developing rats from late foetal to weaning stage . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial fibrillary acidic protein ( GFAP ) , high affinity glutamate and gamma amino butyric acid ( GABA ) uptake and glutamine synthetase were used as indicators of astroglial differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The levels of activity of amino acid enzymes ( alanine , aspartate and tyrosine transaminases , serine dehydratase , glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase , arginase and adenylate deaminase ) in the kidney cortex and whole kidney of control and 24 h starved adult rats have been determined from crude homogenates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutaminase 1 , glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase , phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase ( PEPCK ) , hexokinase , phosphofructokinase , fructose 1 , 6 diphosphatase , malate dehydrogenase , malic enzyme , and lactate dehydrogenase were measured . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamic acid is synthesized in enteric bacteria by either glutamate dehydrogenase or by the coupled activities of glutamate synthase and glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This effect is not observed during inhibition of glutamine synthetase by methionine sulfoximine . 14CO2 production from [ 1 14C ] glutamate is not influenced by glutamine . ^^^ In view of the size of the glutamine synthetase containing hepatocyte pool [ Gebhardt , R . and Mecke , D . ( 1983 ) EMBO J . 2 , 567 570 ] , glutamate transport capacity of these hepatocytes would be about 20 fold higher as compared to other hepatocytes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results support the glutamine synthetase glutamate synthase pathway for nitrogen assimilation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) , succinate dehydrogenase ( SDH ) , aspartate aminotransferase ( AAT ) , glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) , AMP deaminase , ornithine transcarbamylase ( OTC ) , arginase and glutamine synthetase ( GS ) activities were increased in the kidney of the rat during repeated ethanol loading . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At various times after the shift , the intracellular concentrations of aspartate , glutamate , glutamine , alanine , and NH+4 and the activities of GOGAT and glutamine synthetase ( GS ) were measured . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In cultures with an active nitrate reductase , the form of 13N internally was ammonium and amino acids ; the amino acid labeling pattern indicated that 13NO3 was assimilated via glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Assays of the three primary ammonia assimilatory enzymes , glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase , and glutamate synthase , showed that glutamate synthase activities were lower in hisT mutants than in isogenic hisT+ controls ; however , the glutamate dehydrogenase activity was about threefold higher in the hisT strains grown in glucose arginine medium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is suggested that stimulation by Ca2+ ions may occur in part by enhanced phosphate , and by diminished glutamate and H+ ion concentrations of mitochondria and that mutual regulation of glutaminase and glutamine synthetase may exist in glia but not in nerve terminals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The activities of brain enzymes , glutamine synthetase , glutamine transferase , glutaminase 1 , glutaminase 2 and glutamate decarboxylase , and the concentrations of free amino acids , aspartic acid , glutamic acid , glutamine , alanine and GABA were also lower . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A pathway involving alanine aminotransferase , glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase , pyruvate dehydrogenase , pyruvate carboxylase and enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle is proposed for the conversion of alanine into glutamine . 6 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Additional evidence for this was obtained by the use of ( 1 ) amino oxyacetate , an inhibitor of transaminases , which did not decrease glutamate removal , or ( 2 ) L methionine DL sulphoximine , an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase , which caused an accumulation of ammonia from glutamate . 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Potentiation of excito toxicity by glutamate uptake inhibitor rather than glutamine synthetase inhibitor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Considering its metabolic activity and potential neuroprotective effect against the neurotoxic substances such as glutamate and ammonia , the glutamine synthetase may play an important role in the early stages of vertebrate neural development . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Disruption of the chromosomal NIL 1 gene enabled us to compare the effects of Gln3p and of Nil1p on the expression of the nitrogen regulated genes GLN 1 , GDH 2 , and GAP 1 , coding respectively for glutamine synthetase , NAD linked glutamate dehydrogenase , and general amino acid permease . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two of the key enzymes involved in glutamate metabolism , glutaminase and glutamine synthetase , were quantitatively localized to axons and glia of the crayfish giant nerve fiber by immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy of antibody linked gold microspheres . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mutant cells were more sensitive than the wild type cells to methionine sulfoximine , a transition state analog of glutamate , a result that might indicate the presence of an additional glutamine synthetase ; however , cell extracts of wild type PR 6 cells and those lacking glnA were both able to use carbamyl phosphate instead of ammonium as a nitrogen donor for the synthesis of glutamine , a result that indicates the use of carbamyl phosphate synthetase to assimilate ammonium and produce glutamine . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When 0 . 5 mM NH4+ or 12 mM glutamate replaced glutamine , the glutamine synthetase activities of gltX 351 cells were raised to wild type levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Evidence is now presented that low , subgliotoxic concentrations of beta L ODAP may alter the ability of astrocytes to regulate glutamate concentrations in the CNS by increasing astrocyte glutamine synthetase activity . ^^^ The effect of beta L ODAP on glutamine synthetase was not mimicked by alpha amino 3 hydroxy 5 methyl isoxazole 4 propionate ( AMPA ) or kainate , suggesting that the induction was not transduced solely through activation of cell surface non N methyl D aspartate ( NMDA ) glutamate receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Exposure of neuronal cultures to TNF alpha for 5 days resulted in a 27 % decrease in astrocyte glutamine synthetase and in a 50 % inhibition of 3H glutamate uptake , suggesting that the effect of TNF alpha indirectly involves glutamate metabolism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase ( GS ) catalyzes the ATP dependent biosynthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia in the presence of divalent cations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A period of adaptation to glutamate is required during which the activity of glutamine synthetase and the rate of transport of glutamate both increase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase ( GS ) inactivation was observed in crude cell extracts and in the high speed supernatant fraction from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp . strain PCC 6803 following the addition of ammonium ions , glutamine , or glutamate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase / glutamate synthase ammonium assimilating pathway in Schizosaccharomyces pombe . ^^^ Kinetic parameters of glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and glutamate synthase ( glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase ) ( GOGAT ) activities , including initial velocity , pH , and temperature optima , as well as Km values , were estimated in Schizosaccharomyces pombe crude cell free extracts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The activities of the two ammonia incorporating enzymes , NADPH dependent glutamate dehydrogenase ( NADPH GDH ) and glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , encoded by GDH 1 and GLN 1 , respectively , increased with increasing D , while the activity of the glutamate degrading enzyme , NAD dependent glutamate dehydrogenase ( NAD GDH ) , decreased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The key reason that an interaction with astrocytes is essential is that both pyruvate carboxylase , the major enzyme in the brain for net synthesis of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates , and glutamine synthetase , the enzyme forming glutamine from glutamate , are specifically located in astrocytes , but not in neurons . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The nirB mutant had higher activities of nitrate reductase , glutamine synthetase , and glutamate synthase than the wild type strain , but its nitrite reductase activity was 40 % of the wild type levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Probing the catalytic roles of n 2 site glutamate residues in Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase by mutagenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have investigated the role of serotonergic neurons on the astrocytes catabolism of glutamate by analyzing glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) expression in the hippocampus after the degeneration of serotonergic neurons by a specific neurotoxin ( 5 , 7 DHT ) . 5 , 7 DHT caused reactive gliosis with hypertrophy ( increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein ( GFAP ) expression ) but not proliferation of astrocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It also reduced heterocyst frequency , total cell protein , nitrogenase activity ( acetylene reduction ) and decreased glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and glutamate synthase ( GOGAT ) activities . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To examine the effect of iodoacetic acid on the glutamate release , [ 3H ] L glutamate was preloaded into astrocytes in the presence of methionine sulfoximine , a glutamine synthetase inhibitor , and the total intracellular radioactivity was measured after 30 min treatment with 1 mM iodoacetic acid for comparison with non treated astrocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase ( GS ) supposedly inactivates the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase brings nitrogen into metabolism by condensing ammonia and glutamate , with the aid of ATP , to yield glutamine , ADP , and inorganic phosphate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
L Glutamate , a necessary substrate for glutamine synthetase , is transported into muscle cells by Na ( + ) dependent and independent transport systems . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is well established that , because of compartmentation of glutamine synthetase , astrocytes are the site of synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia . ^^^ When astrocytes were exposed for 4 days to 0 . 3 , 0 . 6 , or 1 . 2 mM valproate and subsequently incubated with L [ U 14C ] glutamate , label incorporation into [ 14C ] glutamine was decreased by 11 , 25 , and 48 % , respectively , and is consistent with a reduction in glutamine synthetase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this paper we examined the effect of the nit 2 and ms 5 ( nmr 1 locus ) mutations on the regulation of the ammonium assimilation enzymes , glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase , which are regulated by the products of these genes ; however , glutamate synthase is not so regulated . ^^^ Glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase levels are also regulated by the amino nitrogen content . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because the concentration of free cytoplasmic Mn ( 2 ) is poised near the Kd for Mn ( 2 ) with glutamine synthetase , a slight increase in cytoplasmic Mn ( 2 ) will directly enhance the activity of glutamine synthetase , which catalyzes removal of neurotoxic glutamate and ammonia . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effect of fructose 1 , 6 bisphosphate on glutamate uptake and glutamine synthetase activity in hypoxic astrocyte cultures . ^^^ The glutamine synthetase ( GS ) activity observed in astrocytes affects neurons by removing toxic substances , NH 3 and glutamate ; and by providing an important neuronal substrate , glutamine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In isolated rabbit renal tubules incubated with 5 mM methionine sulfoximine and aminooxyacetate , in order to inhibit glutamine synthetase and aminotransferases , respectively , 5 mM spermidine decreased glutamate formation by about 30 % , while putrescine and spermine did not significantly diminish the enzyme activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cell free extracts had active glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and glutamate synthase ( GOGAT ) and alanine dehydrogenase ( ADH ) but glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) could not be detected in the enzyme preparation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to understand the nature of ATP and L glutamate binding to glutamine synthetase , and the involvement of Arg 339 and Arg 359 in catalysis , these amino acids were changed to cysteine via site directed mutagenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Relationship between the glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase pathways of detoxification of exogenous ammonia in fish ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We measured the levels of three glutamate metabolizing enzymes , namely , glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) , aspartate aminotransferase ( AAT ) , and glutamine synthetase ( GS ) in cerebellar and occipital cortices of nine patients with dominantly inherited olivopontocerebellar atrophy ( OPCA ; spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Key enzymes of alpha amino nitrogen metabolism were studied and results showed reduced activities in obese rats : glutamine synthetase ( 45 % ) , AMP deaminase ( 52 % ) , alanine aminotransferase ( 66 % ) and glutamate dehydrogenase ( 68 % ) in BAT , whereas WAT of obese animals only showed lower aspartate aminotransferase activity ( 47 % ) with respect to the controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We used 15NH4Cl as a metabolic tracer to measure the production of both [ 5 15N ] glutamine , reflecting amidation of glutamate via glutamine synthetase , and [ 2 15N ] glutamine , representing the reductive amination of 2 oxoglutarate via glutamate dehydrogenase and subsequent conversion of [ 15N ] glutamate to [ 2 15N ] glutamine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glufosinate is a structural analog of glutamate and inhibits the glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and the biosynthetic glutamate dehydrogenase [ GDH ( NADP ) ] enzymes are susceptible to inactivation by reactive oxygen species , we followed these enzyme activities during conidiation and under different physiological conditions and related them to the hyperoxidant states and morphogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The similarity between the methanogen and clostridial nif sequences is especially intriguing in light of the recent findings of sequence similarities between gene products from archaea and from low G+C gram positive eubacteria for glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase 1 , and heat shock protein 70 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GSIII had considerable glutamine synthetase activity when assayed using a semibiosynthetic ( glutamate and hydroxylamine dependent ) assay , but had no detectable transferase ( glutamine and hydroxyl amine dependent ) activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Uptake of glutamate , not glutamine synthetase , regulates adaptation of mammalian cells to glutamine free medium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The liver homogenate contains active glutamate dehydrogenase ( GD ) , malate dehydrogenase ( MD ) and lactate dehydrogenase ( LD ) catalysing in vitro the reaction in both directions , as well as active glutamine synthetase , aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Label redistribution was monitored in two HeLa cell lines and in two CHO cell lines which showed a range of extractable activities of glutamate dehydrogenase , glutaminase and glutamine synthetase . 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activities of glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase were higher in astrocytes than in neuronal perikarya and synaptosomes . ^^^ These results are in agreement with the postulates of theory of metabolic compartmentation of glutamate while others ( presence of glutaminase in astrocytes and glutamine synthetase in synaptosomes ) are not . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the small intestine the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase was increased while that of glutamine synthetase was reduced . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma concentrations of gamma aminobutyric acid , glutamine , and activities of plasma glutamate decarboxylase , glutaminase , and glutamine synthetase were not significantly different in the two groups . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Alterations in glutaminase and glutamine synthetase following aluminum exposure caused increased intracellular glutamine levels , decreased intracellular glutamate levels , and increased conversion of glutamate to glutamine and the release of the latter into the extracellular space . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It has been postulated that the osmotic effects of glutamine , generated in astrocytes from ammonia and glutamate in a reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase , could mediate brain swelling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These properties included glutamine synthetase activity , Na ( + ) dependent glutamate uptake , K+ flux , purine evoked Ca2+ mobilization and entry , and the ability to support neurite outgrowth from embryonic rat retinal explants . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The broad spectrum herbicide glufosinate ammonium is a structural analogue of glutamate and acts in plants by inhibition of glutamine synthetase leading to a complete breakdown of ammonia metabolism . ^^^ Although in laboratory animals glufosinate ammonium causes an inhibition of glutamine synthetase activity in different tissues , this inhibition led to slight increases of glutamate and ammonia levels at high sublethal and lethal doses only . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Alfalfa NADH dependent glutamate synthase ( NADH GOGAT ) , together with glutamine synthetase , plays a central role in the assimilation of symbiotically fixed nitrogen into amino acids in root nodules . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase ( GS ) converts glutamate to glutamine in the presence of ATP and ammonia and requires two divalent metal ions , designated n 1 and n 2 , for catalysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Coincidence of L glutamate / L aspartate transporter ( GLAST ) and glutamine synthetase ( GS ) immunoreactions in retinal glia : evidence for coupling of GLAST and GS in transmitter clearance . ^^^ Since endogenous glutamate can only be demonstrated in Mller cells if glutamine synthetase ( GS ) is inhibited ( Pow and Robinson : Neuroscience 60 : 355 366 , 1994 ) , the immunocytochemical localization of GS was determined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase ( GS ) catalyzes the ATP dependent condensation of ammonia and glutamate to yield glutamine , ADP , and inorganic phosphate in the presence of divalent cations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gabapentin was tested for its effects on seven enzymes in the metabolic pathways of these two neurotransmitters : alanine aminotransferase ( AL T ) , aspartate aminotransferase ( AS T ) , GABA aminotransferase ( GABA T ) , branched chain amino acid aminotransferase ( BCAA T ) , glutamine synthetase ( Gln S ) , glutaminase ( GLNase ) , and glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Spermine , spermidine and putrescine resulted in a decrease of ammonium release in isolated renal tubules incubated with glutamate in the presence of MSO and AOA , inhibitors of glutamine synthetase and aminotransferases , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thermococcus profundus , a hyperthermophilic archaeon , did not exhibit detectable glutamine synthetase activity , although the organism possessed an extraordinarily high level of glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) , the content of which reached over 10 % of total soluble proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Enteric bacteria synthesize glutamate by the combined action of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase ( GS / GOGAT cycle ) or the action of biosynthetic glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We therefore compared the distribution of the following zonal metabolic markers in 10 samples of normal liver tissue , 10 samples of fibrotic tissue , and 22 samples of cirrhotic tissue : ( a ) the enzymatic activities of glucose 6 phosphatase ( G6P ) , lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) , succinate dehydrogenase ( SDH ) , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [ NAPH ] dehydrogenase ( ND ) , beta hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase ( HBDH ) , and glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) ; ( b ) the protein glutamine synthetase ( GLS ) ; and ( c ) albumin messenger RNA ( mRNA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An immunocytochemical study of glutamate receptors and glutamine synthetase in the hippocampus of rats injected with kainate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Blood ammonia content and enzymes involved in ammonia metabolism , namely glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) , monoamine oxidase ( MAO ) , alanine amino transferase ( ALT ) and aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) , were studied in Plasmodium yoelii infected drug treated mice tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cultures were incubated with [ U 13C ] glutamate ( 0 . 5 mM ) in the presence and absence of the transaminase inhibitor aminooxyacetic acid ( AOAA ) and in some cases with methionine sulfoximine , an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For the two cytosolic enzymes examined , activity of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase was slightly enhanced by glutamate treatment , while activity of glutamine synthetase was not changed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
D Glutamate can be converted into D glutamine by the glial enzyme glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The glutamate dehydrogenase , the glutamine synthetase , the glutamic acid decarboxylase activities were decreased and the glutamine content was decreased in all brain regions of chick after 24 hr . and 72 hr . of NDV infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Butachlor impact on protein , free amino acid and glutamine contents , and on activity levels of aminotransferases , glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase in the fresh water snail , Pila globosa ( Swainson ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamate , glutamine and glutamine synthetase in the neonatal rat brain following hypoxia . ^^^ Exposing 7 day old rat pups to hypoxia , 8 % oxygen / 92 % nitrogen , for 3 h alters glutamate ( GLU ) , glutamine and glutamine synthetase ( GS ) activity in the striatum , frontal cortex and hippocampus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effect of reproduction of the LPP 3 cyanophage on glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase activity in the cyanobacterium Plectonema boryanum ] . ^^^ The effect of cyanophage LPP 3 reproduction on glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase ( GS ) in P boryanum cells have been studied . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In studying the symbiotic associations of 8 Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains with two soybean varieties ( NS 10 and NS 21 ) , we determined the activity of nitrogen fixing ( nitrogenase , NG ) and nitrogen assimilation ( glutamine synthetase , GS ) and glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) enzymes and the content of soluble proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In a second series , we examined the effects of glutamate receptor antagonists on glutamine synthetase activity as follows . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase ( GS ) is a ubiquitous enzyme that catalyzes the ATP dependent conversion of glutamate to glutamine using ammonia as the nitrogen source . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamate synthase ( GOGAT ) and glutamine synthetase play a crucial role in ammonium assimilation and glutamate biosynthesis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine is a nonessential amino acid which can be synthesized from glutamate and glutamic acid by glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase and glutamate metabolism in the guinea pig cochlea . ^^^ Glutamine synthetase could be involved in a type of glutamate glutamine cycle in the cochlea which could clear glutamate off the synaptic cleft and replenish the hair cell glutamate neurotransmitter store . ^^^ Although they confirm earlier works involving glutamine synthetase in the conversion of L [ 3H ] glutamate taken up by glial cells , our results suggest that the cochlear glutamate glutamine cycle is not primarily involved in the recycling and replenishment of hair cell neurotransmitter glutamate . ^^^ Alternatively , it is proposed that glutamine synthetase functions to limit the perilymphatic glutamate concentrations . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In both human astrocyte precursors and rat glial cells , the levels of expression of glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) were increased and decreased , respectively , after coculture with HTLV 1 T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Injection of methionine sulfoximine ( MSO ) , a specific inhibitor of glutamine synthetase , which interferes with the re supply of transmitter glutamate to neurons by inhibition of glutamine synthesis in astrocytes , has a similar effect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamate dehydrogenase also operated at high rates in the reverse direction ; this , together with the operation of the glutamine synthetase reaction , masked the release of ammonia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , the removal of cerebral ammonia by glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and by reductive amination of 2 oxoglutarate by glutamate dehydrogenase in the presence of an amino donor group , was determined in hyperammonemic rabbit brains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to elucidate which of the transporters and enzymes are involved in this process , immuno electron microscopy was carried out on retinal sections of adult albino rats , applying antiserum against either glutamine synthetase ( GS ) or L glutamate L aspartate transporter ( GLAST ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine whether such a coexpression might also occur in hepatocytes retaining their original intrahepatic location , we compared in bile duct ligated livers and intrasplenically transplanted hepatocytes , the expression and distribution of the predominantly periportal glucose phosphatase , succinate dehydrogenase , and lactate dehydrogenase , the predominantly perivenous glutamate dehydrogenase , NADPH dehydrogenase , and beta hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase , and the strictly perivenous glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Assimilation of ammonium is very likely to be mediated by NADP linked glutamate dehydrogenase ( NADP GDH ) and glutamine synthetase ( GS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase ( GS ) is a key enzyme involved in glutamate compartmentalisation which may be pivotal in the course of both central free radical mediated and excitotoxic events . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue was analyzed for ( 1 ) salicylate hydroxylation ( as above ) , ( 2 ) glutamine synthetase activity , ( 3 ) whole brain glutamate concentration , and ( 4 ) oxidized protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glufosinate ammonium structurally resembles glutamate and blocks glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The time courses of glutamate and glutamine C 4 labeling were fitted to a mathematical model to yield TCA cycle rate ( 5 ( TCA ) ) and the flux from glutamate to glutamine through the glutamine synthetase pathway ( 5 ( gln ) ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Within the same samples and using similar techniques , we found that glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) expression were dramatically reduced . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The flux of glutamate carbon skeletons through the glutamine synthetase pathway in glia , prior to an efflux to the systemic circulation , may explain how glutamate , and excitatory transmitter and potential toxin , can be used as an organic osmolyte in brain tissue . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this respect the expression of ASP 3 is similar to the system that regulates the GLN 1 , GDH 2 , GAP 1 , and PUT 4 genes that codes for glutamine synthetase , NAD linked glutamate dehydrogenase , general amino acid permease , and high affinity proline permease , respectively . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The glial enzyme glutamine synthetase ( GS ) converts glutamate to glutamine ; the latter is used by neurons for the resynthesis of glutamate and GABA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Under normal conditions , accumulation of synaptically released glutamate is prevented , at least in part , by a glial uptake system in which the glia specific enzyme glutamine synthetase ( GS ) plays a key role . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and glutamate synthase ( GOGAT ) activities were negligible during C and C / N limitation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The authors studied the activities of the following enzymes : NADPH linked glutamate dehydrogenase , NADH linked glutamate dehydrogenase , alanine dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase , and glutamate synthase , which are utilized in nitrogen metabolism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Demodification of P ( 2 ) by ammonium or NAD+ did not occur in cultures treated with an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase ( methionine sulfoximine ) , whereas treatment with the glutamate synthase inhibitor 6 diazo 5 oxo norleucine led to total demodification of P ( 2 ) without any other addition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Discrete cellular and subcellular localization of glutamine synthetase and the glutamate transporter GLAST in the rat vestibular end organ . ^^^ Immunocytochemistry was performed to investigate the distribution at this site of the high affinity glutamate transporter GLAST and glutamate metabolizing enzyme glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Participation of glutamine synthetase , glutamate synthase and NADP dependent glutamate dehydrogenase was determined by inhibiting glutamine synthetase with phosphinothricin and glutamate synthase with azaserine . ^^^ Our results clearly indicate that , under the conditions used , ammonium assimilation is mainly catalysed by the enzymes of the glutamine synthetase / glutamate synthase pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On starvation , glutamate concentrations increased only in the small rim of pericentral cells that express glutamine synthetase , to approximately 15 mM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It has been considered that the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , like many other microorganisms , synthesizes glutamate through the action of NADP+ glutamate dehydrogenase ( NADP+ GDH ) , encoded by GDH 1 , or through the combined action of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase ( GOGAT ) , encoded by GLN 1 and GLT 1 , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we review specific modulations of the expression of glutamate catabolizing enzymes ( glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase ) in response to CNS insults ( degeneration of serotonergic neurons or viral infection by a human retrovirus , HTLV 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The relative specific activity ( RSA ; ratio of glutamine to glutamate ) increased between embryonic day 15 and 18 consistent with the increase in glutamine synthetase activity that occurs in Mller cells at this time in chick retinal development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cerebellar granule cell membranes and glutamate mediates transactivation of glutamine synthetase promoter . ^^^ Potential region of glutamine synthetase promoter driving astrocyte specific transactivation , mediated by cerebellar granule cell membrane and glutamate has been identified by deletion analysis of promoter and transient transfection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No change in the activities of the other urea cycle enzymes as well as of glutamate dehydrogenase , glutaminase and glutamine synthetase was found . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase ( GS ) converts ammonia and glutamate into glutamine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Autoradiography of intact and dissociated rat retinae indicates that glutamate uptake by Mller glial cells dominates total retinal glutamate transport and that this uptake is strongly influenced by the activity of glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This response is accompanied by increased enzymatic activity of glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , which catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In GAD 67 expressing astrocytes , the glutamate was mainly converted into GABA , suggesting GAD transgene activity to be dominant over other glutamate metabolic pathways , such as glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Incubation of the cells with [ 14C ] glutamine gave steady state recoveries of 14C label ( estimated as exogenous glutamine ) in the glutamine , glutamate , and aspartate pools , of 103 % , 80 % , and 25 % , respectively , indicating that glutamine synthetase activity was absent and that a significant proportion of glutamate oxidation proceeded through aspartate aminotransferase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Alanine also inhibits the enzyme glutamine synthetase , the first enzyme in the other pathway of glutamate production . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A modified procedure for purification of glutamine synthetase [ L glutamate : ammonia ligase ( ADP forming ) ] from N 2 fixing cyanobacterium N . muscorum , to homogeneity is described using DEAE Sephadex and Blue Sepharose affinity chromatography . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase and phosphate activated glutaminase which are responsible for the interconversion of glutamate and glutamine are selectively localized in non neuronal and neuronal elements , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reduced activity of the glutamate metabolizing enzyme glutamine synthetase ( GS ) leads to decreased uptake of glutamate and thus abundant glutamate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase ( GS ) catalyzes the ATP dependent condensation of NH 3 with glutamate to produce glutamine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , the enzyme that catalyses glutamine synthesis from glutamate and ammonia , plays a central role in the detoxification of brain ammonia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It was found that glnB expression was repressed in strain 16PHC under photoheterotrophic growth conditions with either ammonia or glutamate as the nitrogen source ; glutamine synthetase ( GS ) levels were also affected in this strain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Metabolic compartmentation of amino acid metabolism in brain is exemplified by the differential synthesis of glutamate and glutamine from the identical precursor and by the localization of the enzyme glutamine synthetase in glial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Astrocytes play a key role in the protection of neurons from excitotoxicity by taking up excess glutamate and converting it to glutamine via the enzyme glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase , the enzyme that catalyzes the ATP dependent conversion of glutamate and ammonia into glutamine , is expressed in a tissue specific and developmentally controlled manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Some proteins were found to be specifically susceptible to stasis induced oxidation ; notably several TCA cycle enzymes , glutamine synthetase , glutamate synthase , pyruvate kinase , DnaK , and H NS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The influence of cyanophage A 1 reproduction on glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDG ) and glutamine synthetase ( GS ) in A . variabilis cells was studied . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activity of glutamine synthetase , a key glial enzyme involved in glutamate detoxification , was assayed in these cultures in the presence or absence of exogenous glutamate . ^^^ These data indicate that two conditions must be satisfied to observe glial neuroprotection : maturation of glutamine synthetase expression , and neuron glial signalling through glutamate elicited responses . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we report the isolation of a new yeast mutant , gan 1 1 , exhibiting dramatically decreased NAD linked glutamate dehydrogenase ( NAD GDH ) and glutamine synthetase ( GS ) activities . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase is a key enzyme in the recycling of the neurotransmitter glutamate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase ( GS ) is a key enzyme in the regulation of glutamate neurotransmission in the central nervous system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effects of inhibiting glutamine synthetase and blocking glutamate uptake on b wave generation in the isolated rat retina . ^^^ L methionine sulfoximine ( 1 10 mM ) was added to superfusion media to inhibit glutamine synthetase , a Mller cell specific enzyme , by more than 99 % within 5 10 min , thereby disrupting the conversion of glutamate to glutamine in the Mller cells . ^^^ In contrast , inhibition of glutamine synthetase did not alter significantly either the amplitude of the b wave in the presence of glutamate or glutamine or the rate of decline of the b wave found in the absence of these amino acids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , we observed that glutamine synthetase , a key enzyme in glutamate metabolism , was localized in oligodendrocytes in situ . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Detoxification of ammonia by glutamine synthetase may be limited due to a shortage of glutamate when the nitrogen load is high . ^^^ Similarly , mRNA levels of pericentral glutamate dehydrogenase and ornithine aminotransferase , the main producers of glutamate in this zone , and pericentral glutamine synthetase all increased with increasing protein levels in the diet . ^^^ On the basis of these changes in mRNA levels , we conclude that : ( a ) glutamate is produced pericentrally in sufficient amounts to allow ammonia detoxification by glutamine synthetase and ( b ) in addition to the catalytic role of ornithine in the periportally localized ornithine cycle , pericentral ornithine degradation provides glutamate for ammonia detoxification . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We measured the sizes of the glutamine and glutamate pools for cells grown in batch culture on different nitrogen sources that yielded a range of doubling times , for cells grown in ammonia limited continuous culture , and for mutant strains ( glnA ) in which the catalytic activity of glutamine synthetase was lowered . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase ( GS ) is a glucocorticoid inducible enzyme that has a key role for glutamate metabolism in the central and peripheral nervous system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Developmental regulation of glutamate transporters and glutamine synthetase activity in astrocyte cultures differentiated in vitro . ^^^ Astrocytes control synaptic concentration of glutamate via the high affinity glutamate transporters , GLT 1 and GLAST , and the glutamate catabolizing enzyme , glutamine synthetase . ^^^ The differences in expression / inducibility of glutamate transporters and glutamine synthetase observed in astrocyte cultures derived from various stages of fetal and postnatal development suggest that astrocytes in vivo might also respond differently to environmental or injurious stimuli during development and maturation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Increased availability of glutamate following OA treatment provides the substrate for the major ammonia removal mechanism ( glutamine synthetase ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Acetate did not alter fluxes through glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase ; as a result , acetate did not change the accumulation of ammonia , which was negligible under both experimental conditions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Amino oxyacetate acid ( AOA ) , an aminotransferase inhibitor , when supplied with NO 3 , increased transcript abundance of hvst 1 , while tungstate , methionine sulfoximine ( MSO ) and azaserine ( AZA ) , inhibitors of nitrate reductase , glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase ( GOGAT ) , respectively , were without effect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Additionally , the appearance of ( 13 ) C glutamate points to a distortion of glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , leading to the accumulation of glutamate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An immunohistochemical analysis showed no marked findings for such proteins as glutamate transporters , glutamate decarboxylase , glutamine synthetase , neuronal cytoskeleton proteins and heat shock proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The changes in the free amino acid ( FAA ) levels , the rate of efflux of FAAs from the perfused liver , and the activity of some enzymes related to amino acid metabolism such as glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH , both reductive amination and oxidative deamination ) , glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) , and alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) were studied in the liver of a freshwater air breathing teleost , the walking catfish , Clarias batrachus , perfused with 5 and 10 mM NH ( 4 ) Cl . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : We examined the role of the glutamatergic system in susceptibility to ethanol withdrawal convulsions in naive mice by measuring the density of immunolabeling for several glutamate transporters and the glutamate metabolizing enzyme , glutamine synthetase . ^^^ However , as compared to WSR mice , naive WSP mice exhibited a trend toward ( a ) greater immunolabeling for the glial glutamate transporter , glutamate transporter 1 , in CA 3 , ( b ) greater immunolabeling for glial specific glutamate metabolizing enzyme , glutamine synthetase , in CA 1 ( replicate 2 only ) , and ( c ) less immunolabeling for the glial structural protein , glial fibrillary acidic protein , in all brain regions tested . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In our isolated Mller cells , glutamine synthetase ( GS ) converted transported glutamate to glutamine that was released . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In conclusion , the inability of hippocampal glutamine synthetase to metabolize excess amounts of glutamate may contribute to neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampal formation during meningitis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase ( GS ) critically regulates the metabolism of glutamate and gamma amino butyric acid ( GABA ) , which mediate synaptic plasticity in the olfactory bulb . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the brain , glutamatergic neurotransmission is terminated predominantly by the rapid uptake of synaptically released glutamate into astrocytes through the Na ( + ) dependent glutamate transporters GLT 1 and GLAST and its subsequent conversion into glutamine by the enzyme glutamine synthetase ( GS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamate uptake studies in intact retina revealed that Mller glial cells dominate the total retinal glutamate transport and that this uptake is strongly influenced by the activity of glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of glutamate catabolizing enzymes in astrocytes was increased for glutamine synthetase and decreased for glutamate dehydrogenase , the magnitudes of these effects being correlated with the level of Tax 1 transcripts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
R . etli assimilates ammonium by the glutamine synthetase ( GS ) GOGAT pathway and a GOGAT mutant prevents the cycling of glutamine by this pathway , something that impairs nitrogen and carbon metabolism and explains the decrease in the amino nitrogen during exponential growth , with glutamate as nitrogen source . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
L glutamate , NMDAR2B and the enzyme glutamine synthetase were identified by using monoclonal antibodies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Anaerobic accumulation of amino acids in rice roots : role of the glutamine synthetase / glutamate synthase cycle . ^^^ Their synthesis was strongly inhibited by MSX and AZA , inhibitors of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase . ^^^ These activities increased after 8h of anaerobic treatment and , by immunoprecipitation of 35S labeled proteins , it was shown that glutamine synthetase and ferredoxin dependent glutamate synthase were synthesized during the treatment . ^^^ These findings indicate that the glutamine synthetase / glutamate synthase cycle play an important role in anaerobic amino acid accumulation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A yeast strain was constructed in which GLN 1 , encoding glutamine synthetase , and GLT 1 , encoding glutamate synthase , were overexpressed , and GDH 1 , encoding the NADPH dependent glutamate dehydrogenase , was deleted . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We initially evaluated the kinetic properties of glutamate pyruvate transaminase ( GPT ; also known as alanine aminotransferase ) , glutamine synthetase , and glutamate dehydrogenase under physiologic conditions to degrade neurotoxic concentrations of glutamate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Antibodies specific for enzymes involved in sugar ( cell wall and vacuolar invertases , pyrophosphate : fructose 6 phosphate phosphotransferase , aldolase , NADP glyceraldehyde P dehydrogenase , cytosolic fructose 1 , 6 bisphosphatase ) , photosynthesis ( Rubisco , fructose 1 , 6 bisphosphatase , sedoheptulose 1 , 7 bisphosphatase ) , amino acid metabolism ( cytosolic and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferases , alanine aminotransferase , glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase ) , organic acid metabolism ( phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase , NAD and NADP dependent malic enzyme , ascorbate peroxidase ) , and lipid metabolism ( acetyl CoA carboxylase , isocitrate lyase ) were used to determine how their abundance changed during development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : Glutamine synthetase is involved in the recycling of synaptically released glutamate and GABA and in the detoxification of ammonia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The glial enzyme glutamine synthetase ( GS ) is critical for central nervous system catabolism of glutamate and glutamine production . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Enzymes of the urea cycle as well as glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) were assayed in liver tissue and / or lymphocytes . ^^^ In addition , the shortage of glutamate may lead to an insufficient formation of glutamine by glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Specific alteration in the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein , glutamate dehydrogenase , and glutamine synthetase in rats with genetic absence epilepsy . ^^^ Glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) and glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , which are localized mainly in astrocytes and involved in glutamate catabolism , are shown to be differentially altered . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine is a nonessential amino acid that can be synthesized from glutamate and glutamic acid by glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two major mechanisms protect neurons from glutamate induced toxicity : ( a ) removal of synaptic glutamate via a high affinity uptake carried out by cytoplasmic membrane proteins known as excitatory amino acid transporters ( EAAT ) ; and ( b ) metabolism and recycling of glutamate by synaptic astrocytes via glutamine synthetase , an ATP requiring reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
High glutamine synthetase activity in C . glutamicum was induced by cultivation of the microorganism in media containing glutamate as the sole source of nitrogen . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The sink / source transition is also marked by the appearence of endoproteolytic activities and the induction of both cytosolic glutamine synthetase and NAD ( H ) dependent glutamate dehydrogenase transcripts , proteins and activities . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase ( GS ) catalyses the formation of glutamine ( a major form of nitrogen transport in plants ) in an ATP dependent reaction using ammonium and glutamate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of astrocytic enzyme of glutamate metabolism is modified with up regulation of glutamine synthetase and down regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Secondly , the activity of GDH in the mitochondria was monitored in a coupled assay in which glutamine synthetase was used to trap the ammonium released by the oxidative deamination of glutamate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PC 12 cells express two glutamate metabolizing enzymes , glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and glutamate decarboxylase ( GAD ) , as well as the glutamate producing enzyme , phosphate activated glutaminase ( PAG ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SS activity , however , was not affected by ABA treatment , and neither were the activities of the enzymes aspartate amino transferase , alkaline invertase , malate dehydrogenase , glutamate synthase , uridine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase , isocitrate dehydrogenase , and glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase ( GS ) plays a key role in the regulation of glutamate availability to neurons . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This review describes immunolocalization studies of the tissue and cellular location of glutamine synthetase ( GS ; EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ) and glutamate synthase ( Fd GOGAT ; EC 1 . 4 . 7 . 1 and NADH GOGAT ; EC 1 . 4 . 1 . 14 ) proteins in roots and leaves of rice ( Oryza sativa L . ) and barley ( Hordeum vulgare L . ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The hippocampal levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein and glutamine synthetase were unaffected by valproate treatment , whereas the levels of synapsin 1 and phosphate activated glutaminase were reduced by valproate treatment , suggesting that the increase in glutamate transporters was not caused by astrocytosis or increased synaptogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we examine the effect of bFGF on the expression of glutamine synthetase , a key enzyme in the detoxification of the neurotransmitter glutamate . ^^^ The finding that endogenous release of bFGF or its exogenous supply down regulates glutamine synthetase expression suggests that in addition to its reported neuroprotective effect , bFGF may exacerbate glutamate mediated neurotoxicity through direct down regulation of glutamine synthetase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The herbicide glufosinate ammonium ( GLA ) is a competitive inhibitor of glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , an enzyme converting glutamate to glutamine in both plants and animals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Assimilation of ammonium by most microorganisms occurs through the sequential action of two enzymes : glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and glutamate synthase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Potentiation of the glutamate transport current was seen even with glutamine synthetase inhibited , so ammonia does not act by speeding glutamine synthesis , contrary to a suggestion in the literature . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we investigated the major regulating factors in glutamate excitotoxicity by immunohistochemistry in MS and control white matter with markers for glutamate production ( glutaminase ) , glutamate transport ( GLAST , GLT 1 and EAAT 1 ) , glutamate metabolism ( glutamate dehydrogenase [ GDH ] and glutamine synthetase [ GS ] ) , axonal damage ( SMI 32 ) and CNS cell types . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Actually , disturbances of glutamate metabolic enzymes , such as glutaminase , glutamate decarboxylase , and glutamine synthetase were detected in the brain of patients with Alzheimer ' s disease . ^^^ The alterations in the expression of glutamine synthetase , glutamine synthetase like protein , and three isoenzymes of glutamate dehydrogenase in the frontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia suggest that there are impaired glutamate metabolism in this mental disease and Alzheimer ' s disease . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Cell cultures were prepared from adult pig retinas and maintained under different experimental conditions of increasing hypoglycemia , environmental hypoxia ( delayed postmortem period or atmospheric PO 2 < 2 % ) , or chemical hypoxia ( potassium cyanide ) , or in the presence of glutamate transporter blockers L trans pyrrolidine 2 , 4 dicarboxylic acid ( tPDC ) and L ( ) threo 3 hydroxyaspartic acid ( THA ) , or the glutamine synthetase inhibitor methionine sulfoximine ( MS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the presence of serum of the ALS patients glutaminase was significantly stimulated , instead of being inhibited ; the inhibition of GABA aminotransferase , glutamate decaboxylase and aspartate aminotransferase was less evident than in the controls , glutamate dehydrogenase lost its activity more than in control conditions , the inhibition of glutamine synthetase was comparable to that when normal serum was applied . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This [ 5 ( 13 ) C , ( 15 ) N ] glutamine was formed by glial uptake of released neurotransmitter [ 5 ( 13 ) C ] glutamate and its reaction with ( 15 ) NH ( 3 ) catalyzed by the glia specific glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Nitrogen and carbon regulation of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase in Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 . ^^^ The effect of nitrogen and carbon status on the regulation of glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and glutamate synthase ( GOGAT ) were investigated in Corynebacterium glutamicum 13032 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since the phenotype of this mutant seems to exclude a glutamine synthetase defect , we suggest that glutamate ( or a derivative of this compound ) might be involved in signalling nitrogen metabolite repression in H . polymorpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ammonium is assimilated into amino acids through the sequential action of glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and glutamate synthase ( GOGAT ) enzymes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The role of glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase in nitrogen assimilation and possibilities for improvement in the nitrogen utilization of crops . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PCR analyses of the embryonic libraries for specific genes revealed transcripts for genes including housekeeping genes ( GAPDH and beta actin ) , developmental genes ( OCT 4 , IGF 1 receptor and homeodomain sequences ) and genes coding for metabolic and protective enzymes ( manganese superoxide dismutase , glutamine synthetase , flavin containing mono oxygenase , glutamate dehydrogenase , alpha 2 macroglobulin ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Waste ammonia is re assimilated into amino acids via the amide group of glutamine and the amino group of glutamate ( i . e . through glutamine synthetase / glutamate synthase pathway ) for silk synthesis in the silkworm , Bombyx mori , in the last larval stadium . ^^^ The changes in glutamine synthetase ( GS ) activity in silkworm tissues were relatively small through the larval development , while the changes in glutamate synthase ( GOGAT ) activity , especially in the posterior silk glands , were more drastic . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BnAMT 1 ; 2 mRNA expression was highest when NH4+ was supplied directly to the leaf and lowest when either glutamine or glutamate was supplied to the leaves , which directly paralleled chloroplastic glutamine synthetase ( GS 2 ) activity in the same leaves . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHOD : Postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex specimens from schizophrenia , Alzheimer ' s disease , and normal nonpsychiatric comparison subjects were assayed to determine activities of the principal glutamate and GABA metabolizing enzymes glutamine synthetase , glutamate dehydrogenase , alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase , phosphate activated glutaminase , alanine aminotransferase , aspartate aminotransferase , glutamic acid decarboxylase , GABA transaminase , and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine , glutamine synthetase , glutamate dehydrogenase and pyruvate carboxylase immunoreactivities in the rat dorsal root ganglion and peripheral nerve . ^^^ In the central nervous system , glial cells contain enzymes related to the tricarboxylic acid and glutamine cycles : pyruvate carboxylase , glutamate dehydrogenase , and glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , increased extracellular glutamine levels and alterations to glutamine synthetase immunoreactivity suggested a perturbation of the glutamate glutamine cycle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Bacillus subtilis nitrogen transcriptional factor TnrA is inactive in cells grown with excess nitrogen , e . g . , glutamine or glutamate plus ammonium , because feedback inhibited glutamine synthetase ( product of glnA ) binds to TnrA and blocks its DNA binding activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , the accumulation of Fd GOGAT , glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) , at the activity and protein levels , was monitored during leaf development of field grown plants , from the stage of the newly expanding leaf to the senescing old leaf . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The glutamate content increased and glutamine synthetase and glutamate decarboxylase activity levels were elevated in envenomated animals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This was also accompanied with significant increase of activity of certain amino acid metabolism related enzymes such as the glutamine synthetase ( approx . two to threefold ) , glutamate dehydrogenase ( ammonia utilizing direction ) ( approx . twofold ) , aspartate and alanine aminotransaminases ( approx . twofold ) mainly in the liver , kidney and muscle of the NH ( 4 ) Cl exposed fish . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase enhances the clearance of extracellular glutamate by the neural retina . ^^^ This study examines whether glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , a glial specific enzyme that amidates glutamate to glutamine , affects the uptake of glutamate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PPT shares structural analogy with glutamate , which could explain its powerful inhibitory effect on glutamine synthetase and its probable binding to glutamate receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cellular and subcellular localisation of glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase in grapes gives new insights on the regulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism . ^^^ The subcellular localisation of glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) in grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L . ) leaves and flowers was investigated using immunogold labelling experiments . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We identified three genes involved in glutamine metabolism , encoding glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , ornithine aminotransferase ( OAT ) and the glutamate transporter GLT 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we have cloned and characterized Hebeloma cylindrosporum AMT 1 , GLNA and GDHA genes , which encode a third ammonium transporter , a glutamine synthetase and an NADP dependent glutamate dehydrogenase respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
High glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase activities in tissues probably allow the fish to alleviate ammonia toxicity by amino acid accumulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase ( GS ) is a key enzyme in the regulation of glutamate neurotransmission in the central nervous system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The glutamine synthetase ( GS ) / NADH dependent glutamate synthase ( NADH GOGAT ) cycle catalyzes initial nitrogen assimilation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An impaired function of hippocampal astrocyte glutamate uptake mechanisms or a higher functional capacity of the cortical glutamine synthetase may be possible explanations for the differences demonstrated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The nucleotide sequences reported in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank ( R ) / EBI Nucleotide Sequence Databases with accession numbers AF 462037 ( glutamine synthetase ) and AF 462032 ( glutamate synthase ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Methionine sulfoximine , like phosphinothricin ( PPT ) , the active agent in the herbicide BASTA , is a glutamate analogue that inhibits growth of wildtype Arabidopsis plants through its action on glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this review article , we discuss the possible neuroprotective and neurotrophic roles of activated microglia and macrophages that may be generated by the expression of high affinity glutamate transporters and glutamine synthetase , 2 major effectors of glial glutamate metabolism , and the implications for HIV induced neuronal dysfunction , the underlying cause of HIV dementia . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At the same time , the presence of 50 mumol / L coumarin caused accumulation of free amino acids and of ammonium in the cultured cells , and stimulated their glutamine synthetase , glutamate dehydrogenase , glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activities . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , catalysing the ATP dependent conversion of glutamate and ammonia into glutamine , is transcriptionally and post transcriptionally regulated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase in the prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia . ^^^ Significantly changed levels of glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) , the key enzymes involved in glutamine glutamate cycling between neurons and glia , have been found in the prefrontal cortex ( area 10 ) of patients with schizophrenia compared to controls ( P < . 01 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the renal cortex of acidotic mice , the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase increased 4 fold , but that of glutamate dehydrogenase did not change ; in contrast with what is known in the rat renal cortex , metabolic acidosis markedly diminished the glutamine synthetase activity and protein level , but not the glutamine synthetase mRNA level in the mouse renal cortex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sequencing the glnA genes of two chemically induced Azospirillum brasilense glutamine synthetase mutants revealed an Arg > Cys mutation , corresponding to the glutamate binding site , in one mutant and an Asp > Asn mutation , corresponding to the ammonium binding site , in the second mutant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamate transport , glutamine synthetase and phosphate activated glutaminase in rat CNS white matter . ^^^ In fimbria and corpus callosum levels of synaptic proteins , synapsin 1 and synaptophysin were 15 20 % of those in cortex ; the activities of glutamine synthetase and phosphate activated glutaminase , enzymes involved in metabolism of transmitter glutamate , were 11 25 % of cortical values , and activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases were 50 70 % of cortical values . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results suggest that nicotine modulates the characteristics of glial glutamate transporters and glutamine synthetase activity in astrocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PARALLEL REPRESSION OF THE SYNTHESIS OF GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE AND DPN DEPENDENT GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE IN YEASTS . ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bacillus subtilis assimilates ammonium by the concerted action of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , the overproduction of citric acid correlated with a decline in the activities of the NAD and NADP linked glutamate dehydrogenases and with an increase in the activities of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ammonium utilization involves the uptake of the gas or the ammonium ion , the synthesis of glutamine by the glutamine synthetase and the recycling of the glutamate by the glutamate synthase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The glutamine synthetase of Prevotella bryantii B ( 1 ) 4 is a family 3 enzyme ( GlnN ) and glutamine supports growth of mutants lacking glutamate dehydrogenase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results showed that the rooting rate and the fresh weight of roots could be increased and the length of root could be enlarged , and the activities of nitrate reductase , glutamine synthetase , glutamate dehydrogenase in the roots were increased significantly , the transformation of NO ( 3 ) to NH ( 4+ ) and protein were promoted , and the nitrogen metabolism was accelerated when the plantlets grew in the optimum rooted medium that contained the concentration 0 . 3 micromol / L Ce ( 3+ ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Placental tissue was analyzed for amino acid concentrations , BCAA transport , BCAA degradation , and glutamine synthesis as well as the activities of related enzymes ( including BCAA transaminase , branched chain alpha ketoacid dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase , glutamate pyruvate transaminase , and glutaminase ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Other physiological traits , such as nitrate content , nitrate reductase , glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , and glutamate dehydrogenase activities were studied at the level of the lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase ( GS ; EC 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 ) is a key enzyme of nitrogen assimilation , catalyzing the synthesis of glutamine from ammonium and glutamate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the coexpression of ODC , glutamate decarboxylase , and glutamine synthetase in PST suggests that L ornithine can also be metabolized to putrescine , GABA , and L glutamine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Loss of glutamine synthetase in the human epileptogenic hippocampus : possible mechanism for raised extracellular glutamate in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy . ^^^ We investigated whether a deficiency in glutamine synthetase , a key enzyme in catabolism of extracellular glutamate in the brain , could explain the perturbed glutamate homoeostasis in MTLE . ^^^ INTERPRETATION : A deficiency in glutamine synthetase in astrocytes is a possible molecular basis for extracellular glutamate accumulation and seizure generation in MTLE . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Enzymatic activity ( peroxidase , glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase ) , foliage buffering capacity , soluble protein and nitrogen content were measured in current and previous year needles from young spruce ( Picea abies ) and fir ( Abies alba ) . ^^^ Levels of activity of both glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase were increased by exposure to SO ( 2 ) , especially in spruce . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The primary causes of NH ( 3 ) accumulation were that the activity of nitrite reductase was not affected by the fumigation on the one hand , and the activities of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase were inhibited on the other . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND / AIMS : Glutamine synthetase is a key enzyme necessary for ammonia detoxification in the brain , but excessive activation of this enzyme can be cytotoxic to neural cells as a consequence of excessive consumption of ATP and glutamate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Under severe water stress and subsequently , transgenic plants maintained a higher expression of glutamine synthetase , glutamate synthase and Rubisco and higher concentrations of chlorophyll and glycine than non transgenic plants . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This pool , which was designated ' the small compartment , ' is now known to be made up predominantly or exclusively of astrocytes , which accumulate glutamate avidly and express glutamine synthetase activity , whereas this enzyme is absent from neurons , which eventually were established to constitute ' the large compartment . ' During the following decades , the metabolic compartment concept was refined , aided by emerging studies of energy metabolism and glutamate uptake in cellularly homogenous preparations and by the histochemical observations that the two key enzymes glutamine synthetase and pyruvate carboxylase are active in astrocytes but absent in neurons . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Higher plants assimilate nitrogen in the form of ammonia through the concerted activity of glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and glutamate synthase ( GOGAT ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 2 . 15 A resolution crystal structure of YbdK reveals an overall fold similar to that of glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , a nitrogen metabolism enzyme that ligates glutamate and ammonia to yield glutamine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities were significantly increased in mycorrhizal roots for which only the extraradical mycelium had exclusive access to NH4NO3 in a distinct hyphal compartment inaccessible to the roots . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During this stage , some key enzymes , e . g . , nitrate reductase ( NR ) , glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) , glutamine synthase ( GOGAT ) , aspargine synthetase ( AS ) , and asparate aminotransferase ( AspAT ) participate these processes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Maximum concentrations of glutamate were reached when the activity of glutamine synthetase was low . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemically , a decrease of immunostains for glutamine synthetase and glutamate transporter antibodies was seen in Alzheimer type 2 astrocytes and neuropil . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Graded reductions of glutaminase , the glutamate synthetic enzyme , were evidenced combined with increases in glutamine synthetase , the inactivating glutamate enzyme . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamate induced glutamine synthetase expression in retinal Muller cells after short term ocular hypertension in the rat . ^^^ PURPOSE : To determine the effect of intraocular pressure ( IOP ) elevation on glutamate induced expression of glutamine synthetase ( GS ) in retinal Mller cells of rat eyes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamate was also combined with 1 mM ammonia or with methionine sulfoximine ( MSO ) , an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase , the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The loss of glutamine synthetase activity may possibly lead to the build up of glutamate , an excitotoxic amino acid which has been strongly implicated in the neuronal death observed in hippocampus following an IRI . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Once gut / blood brain barrier permeability is impaired , the increased uptake of Al , Fe , Sr , Ba , or Mn into the Mg / Ca depleted brain leads to rogue metal substitutions at the Mg / Ca vacated binding domains on various enzyme / proteoglycan groups , causing a broad ranging disruption in Mg / Ca dependent systems such as the glutamine synthetase which prevents the accumulation of neurotoxic glutamate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The use of glutamate instead of ammonium as a nitrogen source induced nitrogen catabolic genes independently of the carbon source , including two glutamine synthetase genes , various aminoacid transporters and the glnKamtB operon . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate this issue , we constructed a mutant mouse strain , Apc ( lox / lox ) , in which exon 14 of the tumor suppressor gene adenomatous polyposis coli ( Apc ) is flanked by loxP sequences . i . v . injection of adenovirus encoding Cre recombinase ( AdCre ) at high multiplicity [ 10 ( 9 ) plaque forming units ( pfu ) per mouse ] inactivated the Apc gene in the liver and resulted in marked hepatomegaly , hepatocyte hyperplasia , and rapid mortality . beta Catenin signaling activation was demonstrated by nuclear and cytoplasmic accumulation of beta catenin in the hepatocytes and by the induction of beta catenin target genes ( glutamine synthetase , glutamate transporter 1 , ornithine aminotransferase , and leukocyte cell derived chemotaxin 2 ) in the liver . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cadmium induced a significant decrease in nitrate content and inhibition of the activities of nitrate reductase , nitrite reductase , glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and ferredoxin glutamate synthase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamate synthase ( GltS ) is , with glutamine synthetase , the key enzyme of ammonia assimilation in bacteria , microorganisms and plants . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The only nitrogen source utilizable by all studied isolates is ammonia , which is incorporated into glutamate by glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Finally , in the PST of females , L arginine derived ornithine may be a precursor for the renal production of L glutamate and L glutamine because high levels of AII , ornithine aminotransferase and glutamine synthetase are expressed in this nephron segment . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phosphate activated glutaminase ( GLS ) , glutamine synthetase ( GLUL ) , glutamic acid decarboxylase ( GAD ) , GABA transaminase ( ABAT ) and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase ( ALDH5A1 ) are five primary enzymes in glutamate and GABA synthetic and degradative pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamate is predominantly cleared by glial cells through the excitatory amino acid transporter 2 ( EAAT 2 ) and its subsequent conversion to glutamine by the glial enzyme glutamine synthetase ( GS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using Western blotting , the expression of glial fibrillary acid protein ( GFAP ) , glutamate / aspartate transporter 1 ( GLAST 1 ) , glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , and connexin 43 ( Cx 43 ) was examined 7 days after intravitreal injections of Ad . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rs ) , Glu transporters ( EAATs ) and glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , which metabolizes glutamate to glutamine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The decreases in starch and total glucose appeared to be a direct consequence of reduced glucokinase and ribulose 1 , 5 bisphosphate carboxylase activity , and the decrease in total protein an indirect consequence of reduced glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase activity , in response to pretilachlor and fenclorim treatments . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mosquito genes encoding glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase , glutamate synthase , pyrroline 5 carboxylate synthase were cloned and sequenced . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ammonium assimilation in Escherichia coli is regulated through multiple mechanisms ( metabolic , signal transduction leading to covalent modification , transcription , and translation ) , which ( in ) directly affect the activities of its two ammonium assimilating enzymes , i . e . glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study we determined the levels of expression of phosphate activated glutaminase ( PAG ) , which converts glutamine to glutamate , and glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , which converts glutamate to glutamine , with the hypothesis that thalamic PAG and GS transcript expression is altered in schizophrenia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In response to this stress , the fluxes through the glutamate transporter and glutamine synthetase were increased considerably , and the extracellular concentration of glutamate was eventually restored to a low level . ^^^ Glutamine synthetase was shown to be is a key element in the control of glutamate metabolism in astrocytic cultures . ^^^ The metabolic fate of glutamate depends greatly on the time of endurance to the challenge : in naive cells , glutamate was primarily metabolized through the transaminase pathway , while in well adapted cells glutamate was converted almost exclusively through glutamine synthetase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Changes in the cellular and subcellular localization of glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase during flag leaf senescence in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L . ) . ^^^ In order to improve our understanding of the regulation of nitrogen assimilation and recycling in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L . ) , we studied the localization of plastidic ( GS 2 ) and cytosolic ( GS 1 ) glutamine synthetase isoenzymes and of glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) during natural senescence of the flag leaf and in the stem . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , glutamine synthetase activity was assessed by a spectrophotometric assay , whereas glutaminase activity was measured through the conversion of [ 3H ] glutamine to [ 3H ] glutamate . ^^^ At 3 weeks of treatment with HA , a significant decrease ( P < 0 . 01 ) in glutamate uptake and glutamine synthetase activity was observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The objective of this study was to elucidate if chronic and acute ammonia intoxication in mudskippers , Periophthalmodon schlosseri and Boleophthalmus boddaerti , were associated with high levels of ammonia and / or glutamine in their brains , and if acute ammonia intoxication could be prevented by the administration of methionine sulfoximine [ MSO ; an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase ( GS ) ] or MK 801 [ an antagonist of N methyl D aspartate type glutamate ( NMDA ) receptors ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The observed abnormalities included overexpression of Wnt 1 , Frizzled 1 and 2 receptors , Dishevelled 1 , downregulation of Secreted frizzled related protein 1 , GSK 3beta inactivation , microsatellite instability at the Axin locus as well as induction of beta catenin target genes , such as glutamine synthetase , glutamate transporter 1 , and Wisp 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As a result , oxaloacetate is consumed and is less available to the aspartate aminotransferase reaction ; therefore , less glutamate is converted to aspartate and relatively more glutamate becomes available to the glutamine synthetase and glutamate decarboxylase reactions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , despite the presence of significant amounts of glutamate dehydrogenase , the overwhelming route for metabolism of ammonia entering the rat lung in vivo was the glutamine synthetase reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Conversely , inhibition of memory consolidation by methionine sulfoximine ( MSO ) , an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase and thus of the glutamate glutamine cycle , essential for neuronal reaccumulation of previously released transmitter glutamate , could be challenged by noradrenaline , stimulating glucose uptake and glycogenolysis and providing glutamate synthesis from glucose to compensate for the lack of return of previously released glutamate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Protein expression of glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , which converts toxic glutamate to non toxic glutamine , was doubly enhanced . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ammonium is assimilated by the operation of the glutamate cycle enzymes : glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase catalyzes the ligation of glutamate and ammonia to form glutamine , with the resulting hydrolysis of ATP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A novel recombinant human hepatic cell line , CYP3A4 and glutamine synthetase ( GS , an enzyme which converts ammonium ion and glutamate to glutamine ) introduced HepG 2 ( HepG 2 GS CYP3A4 ) , was established . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated whether alterations in glutamate metabolising glutamine synthetase activity occur in human epileptic neocortex , as shown previously for human epileptic hippocampus [ Eid , T . , Thomas , M . ^^^ Loss of glutamine synthetase in the human epileptic hippocampus : possible mechanism for raised extracellular glutamate in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is proposed that they contribute to a high extracellular glutamate level through reduced glutamine synthetase , and activation through pro inflammatory factors that release chemokines and cytokines , which enhance calcium dependent glutamate release . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In cyanobacteria , after transport by specific permeases , ammonium is incorporated into carbon skeletons by the sequential action of glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and glutamate synthase ( GOGAT ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) was used to compare the mRNA expression levels of the glial L glutamate / L aspartate transporter GLAST , glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , and vimentin , a marker for retinal glia , between rd 1 and wild type mouse retinas . 6 cyano 7 nitroquinoxaline 2 , 3 dione ( CNQX ) , an antagonist of both AMPA and kainate subtypes of ionotropic glutamate receptors , was then daily administered from postnatal day 3 ( PN 3 ) to PN 21 to rd 1 mice while control rd 1 mice received only physiological saline solution ( 7 per treatment ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase ( GS ) plays a key role in two major biochemical pathways : In liver GS catalyzes ammonia detoxification , whereas in neural tissues it also functions in recycling of the neurotransmitter glutamate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ontogenetic changes in glial fibrillary acid protein phosphorylation , glutamate uptake and glutamine synthetase activity in olfactory bulb of rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The relative contributions of the activity of the key enzymes glutamine synthetase ( GS ; under light and dark conditions ) and glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) were determined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our microarray analysis of the rodent hypothalamus has revealed that estradiol increases the expression of a number of glial specific genes , including glutamine synthetase , an enzyme that inactivates glutamate through its conversion to glutamine . ^^^ Given that glutamine is the predominant precursor for releasable pools of glutamate , our observation that estradiol increases glutamine synthetase gene and protein expression suggests that hormonal regulation of glutamate neurotransmission involves hormonally responsive glia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemistry using glutamate ( Glu ) , glutamate transporter ( GLT 1 and GLAST ) , and glutamine synthetase ( GS ) antibodies was also carried out on the cerebrum of four familial dogs that died of status epilepticus ( SE ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Amounts of glutamate metabolizing enzymes such as glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) , glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , GS like protein ( GSLP ) , and phosphate activated glutaminase ( PAG ) were compared in prefrontal cortex of control subjects and patients with Alzheimer disease ( AD ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Solara ) with antisensed SHMT were generated to investigate whether photorespiratory intermediates accumulated during light lead to nocturnal activation of the nitrogen assimilating enzymes glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and glutamate synthase ( GOGAT ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When the liver fails to regulate ammonia concentrations , the brain , devoid of a urea cycle , relies solely on the amidation of glutamate to glutamine through glutamine synthetase , to efficiently clear ammonia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase ( GS ) enzyme activities were measured on mycelia grown under various nitrogen ( N ) conditions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Regulation of glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase in pea mutants rrrbrb , rrRbRb , and RRrbrb during nitrate nitrogen assimilation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase glutamate synthase pathway and glutamate dehydrogenase play distinct roles in the sink source nitrogen cycle in tobacco . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
AIMS : The distribution of glutamate cycle related proteins ( glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and GLAST ) and anti apoptotic proteins ( Bcl 2 and Bcl 10 ) was investigated in Mller cells during early human retinal development , relative to the onset of expression of synaptophysin , a presynaptic vesicle protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Platelets were analyzed for ( 3 ) H glutamate uptake in the presence or absence of thrombin and for EAAT 2 and glutamine synthetase protein expression by Western blotting . ^^^ Platelets of ALS patients showed a 37 % increase in expression of glutamine synthetase , but normal expression of glutamate transporter EAAT 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Higher plants assimilate nitrogen in the form of ammonia through the concerted activity of glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and glutamate synthase ( GOGAT ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We exposed confluent cultures of rat astroglial cells to ammonia ( 5mM NH ( 4 ) Cl ) for 1 , 3 , 5 and 7 days , and determined astroglial levels of actin , glial fibrillary acidic protein ( GFAP ) , glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , GLAST glutamate transporter , 25kDa heat shock protein ( HSP 25 ) , HSP 60 and HSP 70 by Western blot ; the glutamine content in culture medium was measured by mass spectrometry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The differentiation induced by 8 bromo cAMP caused dramatic up regulation of two co localized and functionally linked astroglial proteins glutamate transporter GLAST , that is the only high affinity router of glutamate into cultured astrocytes , and glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , a cytosolic enzyme that converts at least a part of the arriving glutamate into glutamine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine synthetase ( GS ) is the only enzyme that can synthesize glutamine , but it also functions to detoxify glutamate and ammonia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These represented 19 distinct proteins ; aconitate hydratase , malate dehydrogenase , fructose bisphosphate aldolase A , ATP synthase , succinyl CoA ketoacid transferase , carbonic anhydrase , alpha and beta tubulin , dihydropyrimidinase related protein 1 and 2 , neuronal protein 25 , trypsin precursor , glutamate dehydrogenase , glutamine synthetase , sorcin , vacuolar ATPase , creatine kinase , albumin and guanine nucleotide binding protein beta subunit . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Protection was also provided by L aspartate , which is both transported by EAAT and metabolized into glutamate , and by inhibiting glutamine synthetase , which uses transported glutamate to synthesize glutamine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , recent studies also suggest neuroprotective aspects of macrophage activation through the expression of glutamate transporters and glutamine synthetase . ^^^ Macrophages may thus play a role in neuroprotection against glutamate in the infected brain , through their expression of both EAATs and glutamine synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ischemic tolerance in chemical preconditioning : possible role of astrocytic glutamine synthetase buffering glutamate mediated neurotoxicity . ^^^ Glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , localized to astrocyte is a key enzyme in the glutamate glutamine pathway in the brain . 3 Nitropropionic acid ( 3 NPA ) is an irreversible inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase in the tricarboxylic acid cycle , and provides ischemic tolerance to the brain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The other , glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , catalyzes the metabolism of glutamate to glutamine ; its content decreases in proestrus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Exposure to glutamate and lead elevated the cellular malondialdehyde ( MDA ) levels and phospholipase A ( 2 ) ( PLA ( 2 ) ) activity and diminished the glutamine synthetase ( GS ) activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An alternative pathway involves the combined activities of glutamine synthetase , which aminates glutamate to form glutamine , and glutamate synthase , which transfers the amide group of glutamine to 2 oxoglutarate to yield two molecules of glutamate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have used quantitative immunoautoradiography to measure glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , the glial enzyme which recycles synaptic glutamate , as a more direct test of glial mechanisms of abnormal glutamate function in schizophrenia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In some experiments , specific inhibitors of glutamine synthetase or glutamate synthase were added to the feeding solutions . ^^^ The addition of inhibitors of key enzymes related to the ammonia metabolism confirmed that mosquitoes efficiently metabolize ammonia through a metabolic route that mainly involves glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and glutamate synthase ( GltS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of transcriptomes from the medial basal hypothalamus ( MBH ) of oestradiol and vehicle treated adult ovariectomised mice revealed an up regulation of several glial specific genes by oestradiol , including glutamine synthetase ( GS ) , which facilitates the conversion of glutamate to glutamine and plays an integral role in amino acid neurotransmission . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Resveratrol increases glutamate uptake and glutamine synthetase activity in C 6 glioma cells . ^^^ Here , we investigated , in C 6 glioma cells , the effect of resveratrol on some specific parameters of astrocyte activity ( glutamate uptake , glutamine synthetase and secretion of S100B , a neurotrophic cytokine ) commonly associated with the protective role of these cells . ^^^ Short term resveratrol exposure ( from 1 to 100 microM ) induced a linear increase in glutamate uptake ( up to 50 % at 100 microM resveratrol ) and in glutamine synthetase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , we measured the glutathione content , glutamine synthetase ( GS ) activity , and glutamate uptake activity in the cerebral cortex ( Cx ) and hippocampus of rats subjected to pre and postnatal PMN and in nourished controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This is supported by the induction of glutamine synthetase and the glutamate transporter GLT1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of glnA 2 but not of glnA 1 was increased up to fourfold in cells adapted to high salt , indicating that GlnA 2 is the glutamine synthetase involved in the synthesis of the solutes glutamate and glutamine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It has long been accepted that the conversion of glutamate to glutamine , catalyzed by glutamine synthetase , a cytoplasmic enzyme largely localized to astrocytes in brain , represented the principal means of cerebral ammonia detoxification . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamate ammonia ligase activity was decreased by vitamin E deficient diet but not by DEM / BrCCl3 treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
If nitrate serves as the nitrogen source , glutamate is synthesized by glutamate ammonia ligase and glutamate synthase ( NADPH ) . ^^^ No direct relationship exists between glutamate dehydrogenase ( NADP+ ) and glutamate ammonia ligase in P . denitrificans , while the glutamate synthase ( NADPH ) activity changes in parallel with that of the latter enzyme . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamine is a nonessential amino acid that can be synthesized from glutamate and glutamic acid by glutamate ammonia ligase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GLULD 1 , glutamate ammonia ligase ( glutamine synthase ) domain containing 1 , plays a key role in the uptake and metabolism of glutamate in the retina . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GS activity was inversely related to the intracellular concentration of glutamate . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glutamate , aspartate , alanine and glycine inhibit GS activity in the presence of both Mg and Mn . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This tryptic cleavage was essentially prevented in the presence of glutamate for native GS but not for the oxidized conformer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GS activity and the uptake of glutamine and glutamate dramatically decreased in the presence of the GS inhibitor methionine sulfoximine . ^^^ Since no glutamate dehydrogenase activity was detected in this species , GS appears to be the primary enzyme responsible for NH 3 incorporation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The GS positive asteroid cells were present in the hippocampus , cerebral cortex , neostriatum , and cerebellar granular layer , where many synapse receptors for excitatory amino acids such as glutamate are densely distributed . ^^^ These two types of GS positive glial cells may play different roles in the metabolism of glutamate . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activities of alanine dehydrogenase ( ADH ) , GDH , glutamine : 2 oxoglutarate aminotransferase ( GOGAT ) and glutamate synthetase ( GS ) were studied . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because this enzyme helps regulate glutamate metabolism in the central nervous system , glucocorticoid induction of GS in the brain may underlie the observed synergy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The low GS activity of the alpha me MSO resistant strain was compensated for by a higher glutamate / glutamine ratio and a lower glutamate synthase activity , allowing this strain to grow as well as the parental strain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because of the role of GS in glutamate metabolism and the influence of the glutamatergic granule neurons on glial GS mRNA levels , the effect of exogenous glutamate was examined . ^^^ The addition of 100 microM glutamate to the culture medium resulted in an increase in GS mRNA in the astrocyte cultures similar to that observed in the cocultures , where the addition of glutamate did not further increase GS mRNA levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because of the critical role of GS in regulation of extracellular glutamate , the findings raise the possibility that glutamate induced neuronal injury is involved in the genesis of the cognitive defects associated with chronic low level lead exposure in young children . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results suggest : ( 1 ) astrocytes are highly efficient in the conversion of glutamate to glutamine ; ( 2 ) induction of GS activity increases the rate of glutamate conversion to glutamine by astrocytes and the rate of glutamine release into the medium ; ( 3 ) endogenous intracellular regulators of GS activity control the flux of glutamate through this enzymatic reaction ; and ( 4 ) the composition of the medium alters the rate of glutamine synthesis from external glutamate . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since higher levels of adenylylated GS were seen in S . coelicolor mutants deficient in glutamate synthase than in wild type cells , glutamine or a metabolite derived from glutamine is likely to be involved in the metabolic signal that regulates GS adenylylation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present paper , noradrenaline ( NA ) , in itself ineffective upon GS regulation , potentiated GS activity in astroglial primary cultures in the presence of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone , the GS activity being further stimulated in the presence of glutamate ( glu ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In P . vulgaris the glutamine synthetase glutamate synthase ( GS GOGAT ) pathway and glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) were present , and these enzymes exhibited high affinities for ammonium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , stimulation by high Glu was significantly attenuated in cultures given both FeCl 2 and high Glu , indicating that cells treated with FeCl 2 were not able to respond as effectively to increased extracellular glutamate by increasing their GS activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The content of glutamate and glutamine in the denervated striatum followed qualitatively the changes in glutaminase and GS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These amino acids inhibited the growth of a mutant strain with partial GS activity when grown on glutamate as the nitrogen source and also blocked the synthesis of the glutamine in vivo , thus demonstrating the inhibitory effect on GS activity in vivo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The s . a . of GAD and GS , which are glutamate consuming enzymes , were progressively increased with time of starvation , reaching 39 % and 55 % respectively after 120 hr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore cardiorespiratory function was measured in pentobarbital sodium anesthetized dogs before and after central inhibition of glutamate metabolism by means of methionine sulfoximine ( MSO ) , a specific inhibitor of glutamine synthase ( GS ) catalyzing amidation of glutamate to glutamine . ^^^ After GS inhibition , CSF transfer rate of [ 13N ] glutamine synthesized from 13NH4+ amidation of glutamate was reduced five fold , and minute ventilation increased from 2 . 90 + / 0 . 41 ( SE ) l / min ( 0 . 164 + / 0 . 020 l . min 1 . kg body wt 1 ) to 4 . 46 + / 0 . 52 l / min ( 0 . 254 + / 0 . 029 l . min 1 . kg body wt 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GS activity was repressed by ( NH 4 ) 2SO4 and glutamate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For each steady state the specific activities of GS and glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) the other key enzyme of the two NH 3 assimilation routes in E . coli and in addition the remaining NH 3 concentration in the culture liquid were determined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The synthesis of this GS polypeptide ( beta ) is regulated by the nitrogen source present in excess ; being higher on glutamate , intermediate on ammonium , and lower on glutamine . ^^^ Data are presented that establish the operation of the tetrameric alpha GS and of glutamate synthase in the assimilation of ammonium in low concentration . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Incubation of partially adenylylated GS preparations ( n = 6 . 7 ) with the ascorbate system in the absence of substrates leads to preferential oxidative inactivation of unadenylylated subunits , whereas incubation in the presence of ATP and glutamate leads to preferential inactivation of adenylylated subunits . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The stimulatory effect of glutamine was more pronounced than that of glutamate , and not reduced by a GS specific inhibitor , DON . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The apparent Michaelis constant value for glutamate was 90 mM for GS as compared to 3 mM for GS , while the Michaelis constant values for ATP were similar for GS and GS * . ^^^ Glutamate decreased the dissociation constant value of ATP for GS because of synergism between the two binding sites ; glutamate did not decrease the dissociation constant value of ATP for GS * . ^^^ The glutamate analogue methionine sulfoximine bound very tightly to GS and inactivated the enzyme in the presence of ATP . ^^^ Glutamate accelerated this inactivation because of the synergism between the ATP and glutamate binding sites of GS . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , the possibility was examined that L CSA activates the ( 1S , 3R ) amino 1 , 3 cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid ( 1S , 3R ACPD ) sensitive metabotropic glutamate receptor ( mGluR ) that increases cAMP by potentiating responses elicited by adenosine or other agonists of receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase via Gs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Kinetic studies of GS revealed apparent Km values of 5 . 9 mM , 0 . 009 mM and 8 . 6 mM for glutamine , ADP and NH2OH , respectively , in the gamma glutamyltransferase assay , and of 2 . 2 mM , 0 . 12 mM and 0 . 64 mM for glutamate , ATP and NH2OH , respectively , in the gamma glutamylsynthetase assay . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results suggest that the high concentrations of GS activity in the caput epididymis may have functional significance in maintaining an optimal microenvironment for sperm maturation , perhaps by restoring luminal acid base balance , removing ammonium and / or glutamate from the lumen , or supplying glutamine for the production of nucleic acids . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mutant enzyme was 28 fold less sensitive to DL methionine sulfoximine and had a 13 . 0 fold higher Km for hydroxylamine and a 4 . 8 fold higher Km for glutamate than wild type GS did . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus on the basis of our 10 ray work , glycine , alanine , and serine appear to inhibit GS Mn by competing with the substrate glutamate for the active site . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We recently reported that activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors ( mGluRs ) in hippocampal slices potentiates cAMP responses to activation of other receptors that are positively coupled to adenylyl cyclase through Gs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In roots the inhibition of GS is not followed by the decrease of 15N content into glutamate . ^^^ It is concluded that the pathway of ammonia primary assimilation in leaves is via GS and glutamate synthase ( GOGAT ) , while in roots glutamate dehydrogenase also plays an important role in this process . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since GS is one of the glutamate metabolizing enzymes and the SON is one of the areas of glutamatergic activity , our results show that astrocytes respond differentially to glutamate toxicity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The inability of hippocampal GS to counteract the detrimental effects of glutamate may be the cause of neural apoptosis observed in the dentate gyrus during meningitis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptors in Gi and Gs dependent modulation of adenylate cyclase activity induced by a novel cognition enhancer NS 105 in rat brain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The increased immunoreactivity of GS positive cells in PCA exposed brains correlates with glutamatergic areas , which may contribute to protecting neurons against extracellular glutamate and / or ammonia excess . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the retina , GS is exclusively expressed by glial ( Mller ) cells where it serves to convert neuron released active transmitter substances ( glutamate and GABA ) into glutamine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Increased glial GS activity induced by vascular endothelial cells is of relevance in preventing extracellular glutamate toxicity and regulating the brain / retinal blood barrier . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Change in glutamine synthase ( GS ) , the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia in astrocytes , was also examined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fructose 1 , 6 bisphosphate was accumulated temporarily prior to the formation of glutamine in mixtures which consisted of dried yeast cells , GS , their substrate ( glucose and glutamate and ammonia ) , inorganic phosphate , and cofactors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As GS is a key enzyme participating in the metabolism of the major excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate , we examined the significance of increased GS expression on glutamate uptake kinetics . ^^^ GS transfected human embryonic kidney cells showed an up regulation in glutamate uptake kinetics . ^^^ Therefore , newly expressed GS together with an increased expression of the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC 1 in the injured motoneurons accelerates glutamate uptake . ^^^ The present results may suggest that the glutamate uptake system involving the neuronal glutamate transporter and GS in injured neurons is enhanced so as to provide resistance against neurotoxic glutamate accumulation during the early process of nerve regeneration . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The glutamate synthetase gene ( GS ) contains a composite glucocorticoid response element ( cGRE ) comprised of a GRE and an adjacent element with features of both a cAMP response element ( CRE ) and a 12 O tetradecanoylphorbol 13 acetate ( TPA ) response element ( TRE ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results clearly indicate that the GS GOGAT pathway is not operative in the heterocysts , and hence glutamate must be imported from the adjacent vegetative cells , to sustain GS activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Conversely , glial fibrillary acidic protein ( GFAP ) and glutamate synthase ( GS ) were expressed in cells devoid of nuclear m p 53 immnunoreactivity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GS converts two potentially toxic molecules , glutamate and ammonia , to the relatively non toxic amino acid , glutamine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the presence of natural osmolytes trimethylamine N oxide ( TMAO ) or potassium glutamate , refolding GS monomers readily aggregate into very large inactive complexes and fail to reactivate even at low protein concentration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Azaserine , an inhibitor of glutamate synthase , provoked an increase in enzymatic activity , suggesting that glutamine is not involved in GS regulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These decreases in glutamate uptake and transporters ' expression were associated with an imbalance in the expression of the catabolic enzymes of glutamate , GS and GDH , presumably due to Tax 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Agarose embedded sections were immunostained with antibody probes to cytochrome oxidase , synaptophysin , medium to long wavelength sensitive ( M / L ) cone opsin , rod opsin , excitatory amino acid transporter 1 ( EAAT 1 ) , glutamate synthetase ( GS ) , cellular retinaldehyde binding protein ( CRALBP ) , and peanut agglutinin ( PNA ) lectin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To test the hypothesis that fetal hepatic glutamate output diverts the products of hepatic amino acid metabolism from hepatic gluconeogenesis , ovine fetal hepatic and umbilical uptakes of glucose and glucogenic substrates were measured before and during fetal glucagon somatostatin ( GS ) infusion and during the combined infusion of GS , alanine , glutamine , and arginine . ^^^ The GS infusion induced hepatic output of 1 . 00 + / 0 . 07 mol glucose carbon / mol O ( 2 ) uptake , an equivalent reduction in hepatic output of pyruvate and glutamate carbon , a decrease in umbilical glucose uptake and placental uptake of fetal glutamate , an increase in hepatic alanine and arginine clearances , and a decrease in umbilical alanine , glutamine , and arginine uptakes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GSH is synthesized by the action of two ATP dependent enzymic steps , in which gamma glutamylcysteine synthetase ( gamma GCS ) catalyses the ligation of glutamate and cysteine and subsequently glutathione synthetase ( GS ) adds glycine to the dipeptide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One of the primary roles of astrocytes is to protect neurons against excitotoxicity by taking up excess ammonia and glutamate and converting it into glutamine via the enzyme GS . ^^^ The induction of GS expression in these specific areas would balance the increased ammonia and glutamate uptake and protect against neuronal degeneration , whereas , decrease of GS expression in non glutamatergic areas could disrupt the neuron glial metabolic interactions as a consequence of hyperammonemia . ^^^ Induction of GS has been described in astrocytes in response to the action of glutamate on active glutamate receptors . ^^^ Hyperammonemia could induce the formation of inducible NOS in astroglial cells , with the consequent NO formation , deactivation of GS and dawn regulation of glutamate uptake . ^^^ However , in glutamatergic areas , the distribution of both glial glutamate receptors and glial glutamate transporters parallels the GS location , suggesting a functional coupling between glutamate uptake and degradation by glutamate transporters and GS to attenuate brain injury in these areas . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It represents a novel combination of known methods , and is based on the formation of glutathione ( GSH ) from cysteine , glutamate and glycine in the presence of rat kidney GS for the assay of gamma GCS , or from gamma glutamylcysteine and glycine for the assay of GS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The glutathione content is controlled at several levels , the most important being the rate of de novo synthesis , which is mediated by two enzymes , glutamate cysteine ligase ( GCL ) , and glutathione synthetase ( GS ) , with GCL being rate limiting generally . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that both microglia and brain macrophages expressed EAAT 2 and GS in infected primates , suggesting that these cells might , like astrocytes , clear extracellular glutamate and provide glutamine to neurones . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This indicates that glutamate uptake is lower in glial cells exposed to THC , since GS expression is lower than in older controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results , together with the salt induced increase in the GS activity , suggest an increase in the de novo synthesis of proline probably associated with the increase of the concentration of glutamate . ^^^ In conclusion , the leaf proline accumulation was due , at least in part , to the increase in the salt induced proteolysis associated with the increments in the GS activity and hence the increase in the concentration of glutamate precursor in the soluble amino acid pool . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SA 0 GS had the following apparent K ( m ) values at pH 7 . 5 : glutamate , 1 . 7 m M ; NH ( 4 ) ( + ) , 0 . 015 m M ; ATP , 0 . 13 m M . ^^^ The apparent K ( m ) for substrates was significantly higher for SA 1 GS at its optimum pH ( glutamate , 9 . 2 m M ; NH ( 4 ) ( + ) , 12 . 4 m M ; ATP , 0 . 17 m M ) . ^^^ These results show that the NH ( 4 ) ( + ) excretion phenotype of A . variabilis strain SA 1 is a direct consequence of structural changes in SA 1 GS induced by the Y183C mutation , which elevated the K ( m ) values for NH ( 4 ) ( + ) and glutamate , and thus limited the assimilation of NH ( 4 ) ( + ) generated by N ( 2 ) reduction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both metabotropic glutamate and octopamine receptor responses were indistinguishable from those of controls , indicating that these receptors are not linked to AC by Gs ( alpha ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gs activation also protected HT 22 cells from hydrogen peroxide or inhibition of glutathione synthesis by buthionine sulfoximine , and immature cortical neurones from oxidative glutamate toxicity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GS is an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of glutamate and ammonia to glutamine . ^^^ The role of GS in bone cell metabolism and glucocorticoid action on the skeleton is not yet known , but as a modulator of intracellular glutamate and glutamine levels , it may have an important role in these processes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our objective was to determine the respective roles of the couple glutamine synthetase / glutamate synthase ( GS / GOGAT ) and glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH ) in ammonium and amino acid metabolism during germination and post germinative growth in the model legume Medicago truncatula Gaertn . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Normal eyes and eyes at 2 or 4 days after retinal detachment with the C57B16 mouse were analyzed by immunocytochemistry using anti p 27 ( KIP 1 ) , anti cyclin D 1 , and anti proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) antibodies as well as anti glutamate synthetase ( GS ) antibody . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The reaction of Mller cells was examined by evaluating temporal changes in glutamate aspartate transporter ( GLAST ) , glutamine synthase ( GS ) , glial fibrillary acidic protein ( GFAP ) , and the B cell lymphoma ( Bcl 2 ) using immunoblotting and immunohistochemical techniques . ^^^ The increase in GLAST along with minimum change in GS indicates a disturbance in glutamate homeostasis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Removal of glutamate from the synaptic cleft by astroglial glutamine synthase ( GS ) is a crucial step in the regulation of glutamate turnover and metabolism , thus participating in endogenous neuroprotective processes occurring within brain tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In an improved reaction mixture containing 200 mM sodium glutamate , 1 , 200 mM ethylamine , 300 mM glucose , 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer ( pH 7 . 0 ) , 5 mM MnCl 2 , 5 mM AMP , 100 units / ml GS , and 60 mg / ml yeast cells , approximately 170 mM theanine was formed in 48 h . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three groups of the nitrogen assimilation cycle enzymes ( glutamate synthases ( GTS ) , glutamine synthases ( GS ) , and glutamate dehydrogenases ( GD ) ) were studied in Bacillus subtilis strains with hyperproduction of riboflavin ( vitamin B 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because of the fundamental role of the GS in controlling brain glutamate and glutamine level , it is essential to understand the mechanism of expression of this enzyme . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have investigated the expression and activity of all four genomic Mycobacterium tuberculosis GS GlnA 1 , GlnA 2 , GlnA 3 and GlnA 4 and four enzymes regulating GS activity and / or nitrogen and glutamate metabolism adenylyl transferase ( GlnE ) , gamma glutamylcysteine synthase ( GshA ) , UDP N acetylmuramoylalanine D glutamate ligase ( MurD ) and glutamate racemase ( MurI ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have confirmed that mGluR1alpha functionally interacts with both Gq and Gs pathways ; a combination of fluorescent indicators showed that glutamate increased intracellular Ca ( 2+ ) and cAMP concentration ( [ Ca ( 2+ ) ] ( 1 ) and [ cAMP ] ( 1 ) ) . ^^^ In conclusion , the glutamate induced closed open / active state coupled both to Gs and Gq proteins whereas the Gd ( 3+ ) induced closed closed / active conformation state preferred Gq to Gs , suggesting that mGluR1alpha serves not only as a simple on / off switch but also as a multiple signaling path regulator . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is noteworthy that the physiological substrates of GS could protect the enzyme from the oxidative inactivation and ATP partially reverted this inactivation once the enzyme had been oxidized , being this effect higher in the presence of glutamate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The levels of glutamate ( Glu ) , aspartate ( Asp ) , gamma aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) and glycine ( Gly ) in the GS treated groups were higher than in the non treated groups dose dependentwise . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15104 and Q13224	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA