| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| DMC 1 is homologous to yeast ' s RAD 51 gene , supporting the view that mitotic DSB repair has been recruited for use in meiotic chromosome metabolism . . ^^^ DMC 1 : a meiosis specific yeast homolog of E . coli recA required for recombination , synaptonemal complex formation , and cell cycle progression . ^^^ Dmc 1 protein is structurally similar to bacterial RecA proteins . dmc 1 mutants are defective in reciprocal recombination , accumulate double strand break ( DSB ) recombination intermediates , fail to form normal synaptonemal complex ( SC ) , and arrest late in meiotic prophase . dmc 1 phenotypes are consistent with a functional relationship between Dmc 1 and RecA , and thus eukaryotic and prokaryotic mechanisms for homology recognition and strand exchange may be related . dmc 1 phenotypes provide further evidence that recombination and SC formation are interrelated processes and are consistent with a requirement for DNA DNA interactions during SC formation . dmc 1 mutations confer prophase arrest . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Rad 51 protein is also homologous to a meiosis specific Dmc 1 protein of S . cerevisiae . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RecA homologs Dmc 1 and Rad 51 interact to form multiple nuclear complexes prior to meiotic chromosome synapsis . ^^^ Dmc 1 and Rad 51 , yeast homologs of the E . coli RecA protein , are shown by immunostaining to localize to as many as 64 sites within spread meiotic nuclei . ^^^ Dmc 1 and Rad 51 colocalize and are therefore likely to act together during recombination . ^^^ Despite their similarities , the two proteins have specialized functions : Dmc 1 complexes do not form in rad 51 mutants , while Rad 51 complexes are retained indefinitely in dmc 1 mutants . ^^^ Dmc 1 and , by inference , Rad 51 form complexes before synapsis as monitored by immunostaining for Zip 1 protein . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Phylogenetic analysis indicated ArLIM 15 to be much closer to meiosis specific LIM 15 and DMC 1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae than to RAD 51 in S . cerevisiae and its homologues on an evolutionary scale . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Previous studies have shown that the RAD 51 and DMC 1 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encode homologs of the Escherichia coli RecA strand exchange enzyme . ^^^ Results presented here demonstrate that the dmc 1 and rad 51 mutants undergo nearly complete chromosome synapsis , but synaptonemal complex formation is delayed substantially compared with wild type . ^^^ In the zip 1 mutant , chromosomes are paired homologously , but not synapsed , and the protein backbones ( axial elements ) of each pair of chromosomes are connected intimately to each other at a few sites referred to herein as axial associations . dmc 1 zip1 and rad 51 zip1 double mutants assemble axial elements that are not obviously associated , demonstrating that the Dmc 1 and Rad 51 proteins are required to establish or stabilize axial associations . ^^^ We propose that axial associations serve to promote meiotic chromosome synapsis and that the absence of these associations accounts for the delayed and inefficient synapsis observed in dmc 1 and rad 51 strains . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The predicted protein product of mei 3 has significant identity to the Rad 51 and Dmc 1 proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In an assay of intrachromosomal pop out recombination , the sep 1 , dmc 1 and rad 51 single mutations had only small effects ; however , pop out recombination was virtually eliminated in the sep 1 dmc1 and sep 1 rad51 double mutants , providing evidence for multiple recombination pathways . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have isolated a cDNA homologous to the yeast DMC 1 and RAD 51 genes from Drosophila melanogaster . ^^^ The DMC 1 and RAD 51 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are known to play crucial roles during meiosis and during both meiosis and mitosis , respectively , and their gene products are homologous to each other and to the RecA protein of Escherichia coli . ^^^ Sequence analysis of the corresponding genomic DNA fragment showed one short intron existing in the coding region as in the DMC 1 gene , but not in the RAD 51 gene . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Analysis of the primary sequence of the Rec 2 protein reveals a region with significant homology to bacterial RecA protein and to the yeast recombination proteins Dmc 1 , Rad 51 , and Rad 57 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| For the fungal RecA homologs ( S . cerevisiae RAD 51 , RAD 55 , RAD 57 , DMC 1 ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad 51 ; Neurospora crassa mei 3 ) a role in homologous recombination and recombinational repair is evident . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The amino acid sequence predicted from the nt sequence showed similarity to the RecA protein of bacteria and the RecA like proteins from yeast : RAD 51 , RAD 57 and DMC 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Analysis of the primary sequence relationships of DMC 1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and UvsX of T 4 relative to the three dimensional structure of RecA from Escherichia coli suggests that both proteins are structural homologs of bacterial RecA proteins . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Comparisons of the amino acid sequences of three yeast RecA like proteins , Rad 51 and DMC 1 from S . cerevisiae and Rad 51 from S . pombe , revealed several highly conserved regions . ^^^ The encoded protein shares 68 % and 49 % identical amino acids with the Rad 51 and DMC 1 proteins . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In yeast an Escherichia coli RecA like gene , DMC 1 , is expressed in meiotic prophase and its product co localizes with Rad 51 protein on zygotene chromosomes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The RecA like proteins Rad 51 and Dmc 1 of yeast are both required for meiotic recombination and the former is also necessary for repair of double strand breaks in vegetative cells . ^^^ This protein exhibits strong sequence homology with the Rad 51 proteins of budding yeast , fission yeast , chickens , mouse and humans , and slightly less ( but still strong ) homology with yeast Dmc 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A like genes from three archaean species with putative protein products similar to Rad 51 and Dmc 1 proteins of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| First , RAD 17 , RAD 24 and MEC 1 are required for the meiotic arrest caused by blocking the repair of DSBs with a mutation in the recA homologue DMC 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In yeast , mutations of this type include rad50S , dmc 1 , rad 51 , and zip 1 . ^^^ DMC 1 , RAD 51 , and ZIP 1 encode two RecA homologs and a synaptonemal complex protein , respectively . ^^^ A red 1 or mek1 / mre4 mutation alleviates completely rad50S , dmc 1 , rad 51 , and zip 1 arrest . ^^^ Finally , the red 1 and mek1 / mre4 mutations appear to alleviate prophase arrest directly rather than by eliminating , or permitting bypass of , the rad50S , dmc 1 , rad 51 , or zip 1 defects . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The deduced 210 amino acid sequence was compared to homologues from bacteria ( RecA ) , eukaryotes ( RAD 51 , DMC 1 ) and archaea ( RadA ) . ^^^ The sequence comparison suggests that Pk REC represents a common prototype of RecA , RAD 51 , DMC 1 and RadA , with higher enzymatic activity . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Dmc 1 consistently evolves faster than Rad 51 , and fungal proteins of both types , especially those of Saccharomyces , change rapidly , particularly in comparison to the slowly evolving vertebrate proteins . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The archaeal sequences branch monophyletically and are most closely related to the eukaryotic paralogous Rad 51 and Dmc 1 groups . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The phenotypes conferred by sae 3 1 are similar to those conferred by mutation of the yeast RecA homologue DMC 1 , suggesting that SAE 3 and DMC 1 act at the same step ( s ) of chromosome metabolism . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have examined formation of joint molecule recombination intermediates ( JMs ) between homologs and between sisters in yeast strains lacking the meiotic chromosomal protein Red 1 , the meiotic recA homolog Dmc 1 , and / or mitotic recA homolog ( s ) , Rad 51 , Rad 55 , and Rad 57 . ^^^ Coordinate action of mitotic recA homologs as one functional unit , two functions of RED 1 , and an interhomolog interaction function of DMC 1 are also revealed . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| DMC 1 functions in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae meiotic pathway that is largely independent of the RAD 51 pathway . ^^^ Epistasis analysis suggests that DMC 1 and RAD 51 function in separate pathways responsible for meiotic recombination . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| DSBs were repaired in RTG in dmc 1 , but not rad 51 mutants , hence repair did not occur by the usual meiotic mechanism which requires the Dmc 1 gene product . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae recA homologues RAD 51 and DMC 1 have both distinct and overlapping roles in meiotic recombination . ^^^ BACKGROUND : Rad 51 and Dmc 1 are Saccharomyces cerevisiae homologues of the Escherichia coli recombination protein RecA . ^^^ RESULTS : We have further characterized rad 51 and dmc 1 single mutants . ^^^ A dmc 1 mutation confers more severe defects in double strand break ( DSB ) resolution , crossover recombination and meiotic progression than does a rad 51 mutant ; in contrast , during return to growth , a rad 51 mutation confers more severe defects in viability and intrachromosomal recombination than does a dmc 1 mutation . ^^^ Consistent with the observation of DMC 1 dependent recombination in a rad 51 mutant , subnuclear complexes of Dmc 1 protein were detected for the first time in this mutant . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In yeast , the Rad 51 family of related proteins also includes Rad 55 , Rad 57 and Dmc 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Isolation and characterisation of the RAD 51 and DMC 1 homologs from Arabidopsis thaliana . ^^^ By using RT PCR and degenerate oligonucleotides based on the sequence homology between the yeast RAD 51 and DMC 1 genes , two genes belonging to the RAD 51 and DMC 1 families were isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Escherichia coli recA and its yeast homologs RAD 51 and DMC 1 play crucial roles in mitotic and / or meiotic recombination and in repair of double strand DNA breaks . ^^^ The predicted 329 amino acid protein showed significant homology to mouse Rec 2 , Rad 51 , Dmc 1 ( or Lim 15 ) and E . coli RecA . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Meiotic prophase arrest with failure of chromosome synapsis in mice deficient for Dmc 1 , a germline specific RecA homolog . ^^^ DMC 1 is a meiosis specific gene first discovered in yeast that encodes a protein with homology to RecA and may be component of recombination nodules . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mouse RecA like gene Dmc 1 is required for homologous chromosome synapsis during meiosis . ^^^ The mouse Dmc 1 gene is an E . coli RecA homolog that is specifically expressed in meiosis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Rad 52 and RPA foci are distinct from those formed by Rad 51 , and its meiosis specific relative Dmc 1 , in that they are also detected in meiosis during replication . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Consistent with a similar role in mammals , Rad 1 protein is abundant in testis , and is associated with both synapsed and unsynapsed chromosomes during meiotic prophase 1 of spermatogenesis , with a staining pattern distinct from that of the recombination proteins Rad 51 and Dmc 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ATR , a protein related to ATM , DMC 1 , a RAD 51 family member , and RAD 51 are mislocalized to chromatin and have reduced localization to developing synaptonemal complexes in spermatocytes from Atm deficient mice , suggesting dysregulation of the orderly progression of meiotic events . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The amino acid sequences encoded by the PCR fragments , three RadA protein sequences previously published ( 21 ) , and two new complete RadA sequences were aligned with representative bacterial RecA proteins and eucaryal Rad 51 and Dmc 1 proteins . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The human Dmc 1 ( hDmc 1 ) protein , a meiosis specific recombinase , is homologous to RecA . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| For instance , our phylogenetic analysis indicates that archaeal recombinases occur in two paralogous gene families , one of which is very deeply branched , and both recombinases are more closely related to the eukaryotic RAD 51 and Dmc 1 gene families than to the Escherichia coli recA gene . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Checkpoint gene function prevents meiotic progression when recombination is blocked by mutations in the recA homologue DMC 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RAD 51 and DMC 1 form mixed complexes associated with mouse meiotic chromosome cores and synaptonemal complexes . ^^^ The eukaryotic RecA homologues RAD 51 and DMC 1 function in homology recognition and formation of joint molecule recombination intermediates during yeast meiosis . ^^^ With antibodies that have been immunodepleted of cross reactive epitopes , we demonstrate that RAD 51 and DMC 1 have identical distribution patterns in extracts of mouse spermatocytes in successive prophase 1 stages , suggesting coordinate functionality . ^^^ We also show that mouse RAD 51 and DMC 1 establish protein protein interactions with each other and with the chromosome core component COR 1 ( SCP 3 ) in a two hybrid system and in vitro binding analyses . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : DMC 1 , the meiosis specific eukaryotic homologue of bacterial recA , is required for completion of meiotic recombination and cell cycle progression past prophase . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Eukaryotic cells encode two homologs of Escherichia coli RecA protein , Rad 51 and Dmc 1 , which are required for meiotic recombination . ^^^ In contrast to helical RecA / Rad51 filaments , however , Dmc 1 filaments are composed of a linear array of stacked protein rings . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Based on this finding , we screened for a meiosis specific homolog of recA , equivalent to Lilium LIM 15 or Saccharomyces DMC 1 , in C . cinereus , and isolated a clone containing a 1 . 2 kb DNA fragment from a cDNA library constructed with Coprinus poly ( A ) + RNA isolated from cells undergoing meiosis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BLM protein expression and location are detected by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy as discrete foci that are sparsely present on early meiotic prophase chromosome cores , later found abundantly on synapsed cores , frequently in combination with the recombinases RAD 51 and DMC 1 , and eventually as pure BLM foci . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Seven members of the Rad 51 family have been identified in vertebrate cells , including Rad 51 , Dmc 1 , and five Rad 51 related proteins referred to as Rad 51 paralogs , which share 20 to 30 % sequence identity with Rad 51 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Tid1 / Rdh54 promotes colocalization of rad 51 and dmc 1 during meiotic recombination . ^^^ Two RecA homologs , Rad 51 and Dmc 1 , assemble as cytologically visible complexes ( foci ) at the same sites on meiotic chromosomes . ^^^ Previous studies suggested that normal Dmc 1 loading depends on Rad 51 . ^^^ The role of Tid1 / Rdh54 in coordinating RecA homolog assembly may be very direct , because Tid1 / Rdh54 is known to physically bind both Dmc 1 and Rad 51 . ^^^ Thus , Tid 1 may normally act with Rad 51 to promote ordered RecA homolog assembly by blocking Dmc 1 until Rad 51 is present . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The Ce rdh 1 gene [ RAD 51 , DMC 1 ( LIM 15 ) , homolog 1 or Ce rad 51 ] , which is essential for the meiotic recombination , is the only bacterial recA like gene in the nematode genome , and is strongly expressed in the meiotic cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The Rad 51 and Dmc 1 recombinases : a non identical twin relationship . ^^^ This review summarizes the key roles played by the two recombinases , Dmc 1 and Rad 51 , in the faithful repair of DNA breaks . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The RecA homolog DMC 1 from yeast and its orthologs from other species have been reported to be meiosis specific and essential for sporulation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Human Dmc 1 protein , a meiosis specific homolog of Escherichia coli RecA protein , has previously been shown to promote DNA homologous pairing and strand exchange reactions that are qualitatively similar to those of RecA protein and Rad 51 . ^^^ The effects of helix stability and mismatched base pairs on the recognition of homology revealed further that human Dmc 1 , like human Rad 51 , requires the preferential breathing of A small middle dotT base pairs for recognition of homology . ^^^ We conclude that Dmc 1 , like human Rad 51 and E . coli RecA protein , promotes homologous pairing and strand exchange by a `` synaptic pathway ' ' involving a three stranded nucleoprotein intermediate , rather than by a `` helicase pathway ' ' involving the separation and reannealing of DNA strands . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Dmc 1 and Rad 51 are eukaryotic RecA homologues that are involved in meiotic recombination . ^^^ The expression of Dmc 1 is limited to meiosis , whereas Rad 51 is expressed in mitosis and meiosis . ^^^ Dmc 1 and Rad 51 have unique and overlapping functions during meiotic recombination . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Sequence analysis and biochemical studies have shown that archaeal RadA proteins are more closely related to Rad 51 and Dmc 1 than the bacterial RecA proteins . ^^^ Since it is likely that RadA is closely related to a common ancestral protein of both Rad 51 and Dmc 1 , the two DNA binding forms of RadA may provide insight into the divergence that has taken place between Rad 51 and Dmc1 . . ^^^ Surprisingly , the human meiosis specific homolog of RecA , Dmc 1 , has thus far only been observed to bind DNA as an octameric ring . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Tid1 / Rdh54 interacts with yeast Rad 51 and a meiosis specific Rad 51 homolog , Dmc 1 . ^^^ In contrast , neither human Rad 51 nor Dmc 1 directly interacts with hRad54B . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| DNA homology recognition in these instances often involves the ( RecA ) homolog RAD 51 and / or the related gene , DMC 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| DMC 1 is a specialized homolog of the bacterial RecA protein , whereas the SPO 11 gene is of archaebacterial origin . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recombination is also modulated by isochore determinants : R bands differentially favor double strand break ( DSB ) formation but disfavor subsequent loading of meiotic RecA homolog , Dmc 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RAD 51 and / or DMC 1 coimmunoprecipitates with REC 8 , suggesting that REC 8 may also provide a basis for assembly of recombination complexes . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two RecA like recombinases , Rad 51 and Dmc 1 , function together during double strand break ( DSB ) mediated meiotic recombination to promote homologous strand invasion in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The immunocytochemical localization of Dmc 1 and Rad 51 supports the idea that these proteins are not involved in homology search and final pairing . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These mutations also decrease the colocalization of immunostaining foci of the RecA homologs Rad 51 and Dmc 1 and cause a delay in the disappearance of Rad 51 foci , but not of Dmc 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Genetic and cytological characterization of the RecA homologous proteins Rad 51 and Dmc 1 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe . ^^^ The Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad 51 ( + ) and dmc 1 ( + ) genes code for homologues of the Escherichia coli recombination protein RecA . ^^^ We describe the functional defects of terminally epitope tagged Dmc 1 and Rad 51 and discuss it in terms of protein interaction . ^^^ Presumptive Rad 51 and Dmc 1 foci were detected on spreads of meiotic chromatin . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Similarly , human RAD 51 paralogues , including RAD51B , RAD51C , RAD51D , XRCC 2 , XRCC 3 and DMC 1 , are not predicted to bind the BRC repeat . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Genetic analysis indicates that Hop 2 acts in the same pathway as the Rad 51 and Dmc 1 proteins , two homologs of E . coli RecA . ^^^ Overexpression of RAD 51 largely suppresses the meiotic defects of the dmc 1 and hop 2 mutants . ^^^ We conclude that Rad 51 is capable of carrying out a homology search independently , whereas Dmc 1 requires additional factors such as Hop2 . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Spore viability was reduced in rad 51 , rhp 55 , and rhp 57 mutants , but not in rlp 1 and dmc 1 . ^^^ Analysis of double and triple mutants revealed that Rad 51 and Dmc 1 play major and partially overlapping roles in meiotic recombination , while Rhp 55 , Rhp 57 , and Rlp 1 play accessory roles . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Rad 51 like proteins have been identified from yeast ( Rad 55 , Rad 57 and Dmc 1 ) to vertebrates ( Rad51B , Rad51C , Rad51D , Xrcc 2 , Xrcc 3 and Dmc 1 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In a yeast two hybrid assay , the Arabidopsis Brca 2 proteins interact with Rad 51 and Dmc 1 . ^^^ We obtained the same phenotype upon introduction of RNAi constructs aimed at silencing the RAD 51 gene at meiosis in dmc 1 mutant plants . ^^^ We also propose a role for Rad 51 in the dmc 1 context . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This progression may relate to compensatory gene function ( s ) and / or the observed up regulation of DNA repair proteins Rad 51 and Dmc 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| FANCD 2 did not interact with RAD 51 , the five RAD 51 paralogs , RAD 52 , RAD 54 or DMC 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RecA and Rad 51 form helical filaments , while Dmc 1 forms an octameric ring . ^^^ The monomeric structure of the Dmc 1 protein closely resembled those of the human and archaeal Rad 51 proteins . ^^^ In addition to the polymerization motif that was previously identified in the Rad 51 proteins , we found another hydrogen bonding interaction at the polymer interface , which could explain why Dmc 1 forms stable octameric rings instead of helical filaments . ^^^ The human Dmc 1 protein , a RecA / Rad51 homolog , is a meiosis specific DNA recombinase that catalyzes homologous pairing . ^^^ RecA and Rad 51 form helical filaments , while Dmc 1 forms an octameric ring . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two RecA like recombinases , Rad 51 and Dmc 1 , exist in eukaryotes . ^^^ Whereas Rad 51 is needed for both mitotic and meiotic recombination events , the function of Dmc 1 is restricted to meiosis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Genetic analysis shows that Mcp 7 acts in the downstream of Dmc 1 , homologs of Escherichia coli RecA protein , for both recombination and subsequent sporulation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The process is facilitated by a superfamily of recombinases : bacterial RecA , archaeal RadA and Rad 51 , and eukaryal Rad 51 and DMC 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this review , we discuss primarily those proteins involved in the initial stages of homologous recombination , including SPO 11 , MRE 11 , RAD 50 , NBS 1 , DMC 1 , RAD 51 , RAD 51 paralogs , RAD 52 , RPA , RAD 54 , and RAD54B . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Roles of RecA homologues Rad 51 and Dmc 1 during meiotic recombination . ^^^ Both Rad 51 and Dmc 1 are necessary to generate a crossover between homologous chromosomes , which ensures the segregation of the chromosomes at meiotic division 1 . ^^^ In this review , recent advances on our knowledge about the roles of Rad 51 and Dmc 1 during meiosis are summarized and discussed . . ^^^ Additionally , meiotic cells induce the second RecA , Dmc 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Association between MSH 4 ( MutS homologue 4 ) and the DNA strand exchange RAD 51 and DMC 1 proteins during mammalian meiosis . ^^^ Our results provide biochemical evidence indicating that the human MSH 4 protein physically interacts with both RAD 51 and DMC 1 , two RecA homologues known to initiate DNA strand exchange between homologous chromosomes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Meiotic recombination in eukaryotic cells requires two homologs of E . coli RecA protein , Rad 51 and Dmc 1 . ^^^ Until recently , the role of Dmc 1 in meiotic recombination was mostly attributed to genetic studies as purified Dmc 1 was found to be a much weaker recombinase than Rad 51 in the test tube . ^^^ Now , Sehorn and colleagues 1 have reported that , like Rad 51 , human Dmc 1 is an efficient recombinase in vitro . ^^^ Dmc 1 forms helical nucleoprotein filaments the signature of classical recombinases such as Rad 51 . ^^^ These observations reveal a high level of similitude between the Dmc 1 and the Rad 51 family of recombination enzymes in higher eukaryotes . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| At the amino acid sequence level , archaeal RadA and Rad 51 and eukaryal Rad 51 and meiosis specific DMC 1 form a closely related group of recombinases distinct from bacterial RecA . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Meiotic recombination requires the meiosis specific RecA homolog Dmc 1 as well as the mitotic RecA homolog Rad 51 . ^^^ Here , we show that the two meiosis specific proteins Mei 5 and Sae 3 are necessary for the assembly of Dmc 1 , but not for Rad 51 , on chromosomes including the association of Dmc 1 with a recombination hot spot . ^^^ Mei 5 , Sae 3 , and Dmc 1 form a ternary and evolutionary conserved complex that requires Rad 51 for recruitment to chromosomes . ^^^ Mei 5 , Sae 3 , and Dmc 1 are mutually dependent for their chromosome association , and their absence prevents the disassembly of Rad 51 filaments . ^^^ Our results suggest that Mei 5 and Sae 3 are loading factors for the Dmc 1 recombinase and that the Dmc 1 Mei5 Sae 3 complex is integrated onto Rad 51 ensembles and , together with Rad 51 , plays both catalytic and structural roles in interhomolog recombination during meiosis . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recent studies in budding and fission yeasts have revealed Mei 5 and Sae 3 as factors necessary for the proper function of the recombinases Dmc 1 and Rad 51 in DNA repair and meiotic recombination , providing new insights into how strand exchange proteins are directed along specific recombination pathways . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The Hop 2 and Mnd 1 proteins act in concert with Rad 51 and Dmc 1 in meiotic recombination . ^^^ Rad 51 and Dmc 1 recombinases are the major players in these processes . ^^^ Furthermore , the Hop 2 Mnd1 heterodimer physically interacts with Rad 51 and Dmc 1 recombinases and stimulates their activity up to 35 fold . ^^^ Our data reveal an interplay among Hop 2 , Mnd 1 and Rad 51 and Dmc 1 in the formation of the first recombination intermediates during meiosis . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dmc 1 , a meiosis specific homologue of RecA , catalyzes homologous pairing and strand exchange during meiotic DNA recombination . ^^^ The purified budding yeast Dmc 1 ( ScDmc 1 ) protein exhibits much weaker recombinase activity in vitro as compared to that of the Escherichia coli RecA protein . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Fission yeast rad 51 and dmc 1 , two efficient DNA recombinases forming helical nucleoprotein filaments . ^^^ Eukaryotic cells require two homologs of Escherichia coli RecA protein , Rad 51 and Dmc 1 , for meiotic recombination . ^^^ To gain insight into this , we purified Schizosaccharomyces pombe Rad 51 and Dmc 1 to homogeneity . ^^^ Purified Rad 51 and Dmc 1 form homo oligomers , bind single stranded DNA preferentially , and exhibit DNA stimulated ATPase activity . ^^^ Both Rad 51 and Dmc 1 promote the renaturation of complementary single stranded DNA . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In mammals , 7 recA like genes have been identified : RAD 51 , RAD51L1 / B , RAD51L2 / C , RAD51L3 / D , XRCC 2 , XRCC 3 , and DMC 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The DMC 1 protein , a eukaryotic homologue of RecA that shares significant amino acid identity with RAD 51 , exhibits two oligomeric DNA binding forms , an octameric ring and a helical filament . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Rad 51 and its meiotic homolog Dmc 1 are key proteins of homologous recombination in eukaryotes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A novel RecA like protein , differing from Dmc 1 and Rad 51 , was characterized in Oryza sativa L . cv . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This finding suggests that the number or protomers per helical turn and / or the number of nucleotides bound per Dmc 1 protomer differs from that reported previously for Rad 51 and RecA filaments . ^^^ These effects , together with previous studies of other RecA like recombinases , support the view that ATP binding to Dmc 1 protomers is required for functional filament structure . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Archaeal RadA and Rad 51 and eukaryal Rad 51 and meiosis specific DMC 1 form a closely related group of recombinases distinct from bacterial RecA . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In mammals , HR requires the activities of the RAD 51 family ( RAD 51 , RAD51B , RAD51C , RAD51D , XRCC 2 , XRCC 3 and DMC 1 ) , each of which contains conserved ATP binding sequences ( Walker Motifs A and B ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here , we show that T . brucei , Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania major each contain a single copy gene whose product is highly related to the eukaryotic meiosis specific protein Dmc 1 , which is structurally and functionally related to Rad 51 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we report that EZH 2 decreased the expression of five RAD 51 paralog proteins involved in homologous recombination ( HR ) repair of DNA double strand breaks ( RAD51B / RAD51L1 , RAD51C / RAD51L2 , RAD51D / RAD51L3 , XRCC 2 , and XRCC 3 ) , but did not affect the levels of DMC 1 , a gene that only functions in meiosis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The Rad 51 and Dmc 1 proteins , the eukaryotic RecA orthologs , promote strand exchange and may function in the extensive matching of homology within paired DNA molecules . ^^^ In the present study , we purified the human TBPIP / Hop2 Mnd 1 complex and found that it significantly stimulates the Dmc 1 and Rad 51 mediated strand exchange . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The human Rad 51 and Dmc 1 proteins themselves can interact with either the complete ( HsRad 51 ) or a shorter version of AtBrca 2 ( HsRad 51 or HsDmc 1 ) that comprises all four BRC motifs . ^^^ Interaction between Arabidopsis Brca 2 and its partners Rad 51 , Dmc 1 , and Dss 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recombination in meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae relies on two Escherichia coli recA homologs , Rad 51 and Dmc 1 , as well as the more recently discovered heterodimer Mnd1 / Hop2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mouse Hop 2 and Mnd 1 proteins , which can form a stable heterodimeric complex , ensure the proper synapsis of homologous chromosomes in meiosis by acting in concert with Rad 51 and Dmc 1 to promote the strand invasion ( D loop formation ) step of homologous recombination . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Rad 51 and disrupted meiotic cDNA 1 ( Dmc 1 ) are the two eukaryotic DNA recombinases that participate in homology search and strand exchange reactions during homologous recombination mediated DNA repair . ^^^ Rad 51 expresses in both mitotic and meiotic tissues whereas Dmc 1 is confined to meiosis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Processing of these sites of DSBs requires the function of RecA homologs , such as RAD 51 , DMC 1 , and others , as suggested by mutant studies ; thus the failure to repair these meiotic DSBs results in abnormal chromosomal alternations , leading to disrupted meiosis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , many archaeal species have two recA / RAD51 homologs ( RADA and RADB ) , and eukaryotes possess multiple members ( RAD 51 , RAD51B , RAD51C , RAD51D , DMC 1 , XRCC 2 , XRCC 3 , and recA ) . ^^^ In the RADalpha subfamily , eukaryotic RAD 51 and DMC 1 genes formed two separate monophyletic groups when archaeal RADA genes were used as an outgroup . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In budding yeast , there are two RecA homologs : Rad 51 and Dmc 1 . ^^^ While Rad 51 is involved in both mitotic and meiotic recombination , Dmc 1 participates specifically in meiotic recombination . ^^^ Several observations indicate that Hed 1 attenuates Rad 51 activity when Dmc 1 is absent . ^^^ First , although double strand breaks are normally poorly repaired in the dmc 1 mutant , repair becomes efficient when Hed 1 is absent , and this effect depends on Rad 51 . ^^^ We propose that Hed 1 provides a mechanism to ensure the coordinated action of Rad 51 and Dmc 1 during meiosis , by down regulating Rad 51 activity when Dmc 1 is unavailable . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Red Hed regulation : recombinase Rad 51 , though capable of playing the leading role , may be relegated to supporting Dmc 1 in budding yeast meiosis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This interaction requires the strand exchange proteins Rad 51 and Dmc 1 that bind to single stranded regions created by resection of ends at the site of DSBs and promote interactions with uncut DNA on the homologous partner . ^^^ In budding yeast Hop 2 and Mnd 1 act as a complex to promote homologous pairing and recombination in conjunction with Rad 51 and Dmc 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Nucleoprotein filaments made up of Rad 51 or Dmc 1 recombinases , the core structures of recombination , engage in ATP dependent DNA strand exchange . ^^^ Here , we show that the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Swi 5 Sfr1 complex , a conserved eukaryotic protein complex , at substoichiometric concentrations stimulates strand exchange mediated by Rhp 51 ( the S . pombe Rad 51 homolog ) and Dmc 1 on long DNA substrates . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The human Rad54B protein , which belongs to the SWI2 / SNF2 protein family , plays a role in homologous recombination , and may function with the Dmc 1 recombinase , a meiosis specific Rad 51 homolog . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| One of them , LIM 15 , was similar to known genes like RecA , RAD 57 , and DMC1 / ISC2 , and might function in pairing and recombination . 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The Rad 51 and Lim 15 proteins of lily , which are homologs of the bacterial RecA protein , were found on chromosomes in various stages of meiotic prophase 1 . ^^^ The presence of both Rad 51 and Lim 15 proteins as discrete foci on leptotene and zygotene chromosomes and their colocalization suggest that meiotic recombination begins at the leptotene stage with the cooperation of these proteins and continues in zygotene . ^^^ The different pattern of localization of the Rad 51 protein between the leptotene and pachytene stages and the absence of the Lim 15 protein in the pachytene stage suggest that the Rad 51 protein plays different roles in these stages . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Localization of mouse Rad 51 and Lim 15 proteins on meiotic chromosomes at late stages of prophase 1 . ^^^ To understand the mechanisms of the morphological changes and recombination of chromosomes , we examined stage specific localization of the Rad 51 and Lim 15 proteins on the chromosomes in meiotic prophase 1 . ^^^ CONCLUSION : The Rad 51 and Lim 15 proteins are present in chromatin loops when chromosomes form SC . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q14565 and Q06609 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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