Pubmed abstracts for Protein-Protein Interaction search result :

Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.72391991
Since RAD 54 is a recombinational protein associated with RAD 51 , this is the first genetic evidence that cancer arises from a defect in repair processes involving homologous recombination . . 0.72391991^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.58982643
Here we demonstrate that human Rad54B ( hRad54B ) , like human Rad 54 ( hRad 54 ) , associates with human Rad 51 ( hRad 51 ) . 0.58982643^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.70221326
Thus , a specific interaction of Rad 54 with the Rad 51 ssDNA complex enhances the ability of the former to remodel DNA and allows the latter to harvest the negative supercoils generated for DNA joint formation . . 0.70221326^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.53587602
Herein , we address the interaction of Rad 54 with Rad 51 filaments on double stranded ( ds ) DNA , an intermediate in DNA strand exchange with unclear functional significance . 0.53587602^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :1.1100378
In vitro , Rad 54 interacts with Rad 51 and stimulates DNA strand exchange promoted by Rad 51 protein . 1.1100378^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.90863425
Even though the purified rad 54 G484R mutant protein retained the ability to bind DNA and interact with Rad 51 , it was nearly devoid of ATPase activity and was similarly defective in DNA supercoiling and D loop formation . 0.90863425^^^ Rad 54 belongs to the Snf2 / Swi2 protein family , and it possesses a robust DNA dependent ATPase activity , uses free energy from ATP hydrolysis to supercoil DNA , and cooperates with the Rad 51 recombinase in DNA joint formation . 0.68636501^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.99902983
Surprisingly , under less stringent conditions , the Rad 54 Delta129 protein can interact with Rad 51 in affinity pull down and functional assays . 0.99902983^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.53451138
Surprisingly , we found that the physical interaction of Rad 51 G103E with Rad 54 was not affected . 0.53451138^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.81418799
Terminal association of Rad 54 protein with the Rad 51 dsDNA filament . 0.81418799^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The sensitive strains contained rad 6 , rad 9 , rad 18 , rad 22 , rad 50 , rad 51 , rad 52 , rad 53 , rad 54 , rad 55 , rad 56 , rad 57 and rs 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sequences upstream of the coding region for RAD 51 protein share homology with the damage response sequence element of RAD 54 , an upstream activating sequence required for damage regulation of the RAD 54 transcript , and also contain two sites for restriction enzyme MluI ; the presence of MluI restriction sites has been associated with cell cycle regulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show that suppression of rad 6 delta is dependent on the RAD 52 recombinational repair pathway since suppression is not observed in the rad 6 delta SRS 2 strain containing an additional mutation in either the RAD 51 , RAD 52 , RAD 54 , RAD 55 or RAD 57 genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutations rad 51 , rad 52 , rad 54 and rad 55 inhibit the fast repair of DNA DSB , whereas mutations rad 50 , rad 53 and rad 57 do not significantly influence this process . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We employed southern analysis to examine homology between yeast genes RAD 51 , RAD 52 , RAD 54 , and RAD 55 for possible gamma repair genes in radioresistant or repair proficient human tumor cell lines and normal placental DNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In certain radiation sensitive mutants ( rad 51 , rad 52 and rad 54 ) , the fragment smear appears following 10 ray exposure but no repair of broken chromosomes occurs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The rad 50 , rad 51 , rad 52 , rad 54 and rad 56 mutants showed reducted reversion of both tester sites when stationary phase diploid cells were treated with EMS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The role of the RAD 51 , RAD 52 , RAD 54 , RAD 55 , and RAD 57 genes , which are involved in recombinational repair , was investigated . ^^^ Based on the phenotypes of single and double mutants , these genes can be divided into three functional subgroups : one composed of RAD 52 , a second one composed of RAD 51 and RAD 54 , and a third one that includes the RAD 55 and RAD 57 genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because other researchers have shown that the RAD 51 and RAD 52 proteins interact , RAD 51 on a high copy number plasmid was tested and found to suppress the rad 52 20 allele , but RAD 54 , 55 and 57 did not suppress . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The majority of recombination events are mediated by a RAD 51 dependent pathway , where the RAD 54 , RAD 55 and RAD 57 genes function downstream of RAD 51 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we use physical monitoring of DNA to show that MAT switching is completely blocked at an early step in recombination in strains deleted for the DNA repair genes RAD 51 , RAD 52 , RAD 54 , RAD 55 or RAD 57 . ^^^ RAD 51 , RAD 54 , RAD 55 and RAD 57 are still required when the same transcribed donor is on the chromosome . ^^^ RAD 51 , RAD 54 , RAD 55 and RAD 57 are all required to facilitate strand invasion into otherwise inaccessible donor sequences . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , direct repeat recombination is reduced 2 fold in rad 52 mutant strains , while in rad 51 , rad 54 , rad 55 and rad 57 mutants direct repeat recombination is increased 3 4 fold . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In search for genes which might participate in chicken immunoglobulin gene conversion , we have identified chicken counterparts of the yeast RAD 51 , RAD 52 , and RAD 54 genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The frequency of NHEJ is unaltered in strains from which RAD 1 , RAD 2 , RAD 51 , RAD 52 , RAD 54 , or RAD 57 is deleted ; however , deletions of RAD 50 , XRS 2 , or MRE 11 reduced NHEJ by more than 70 fold when HO was not cell cycle regulated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Homologous and homeologous intermolecular gene conversion are not differentially affected by mutations in the DNA damage or the mismatch repair genes RAD 1 , RAD 50 , RAD 51 , RAD 52 , RAD 54 , PMS 1 and MSH 2 . ^^^ Homologous recombination in rad 51 , rad 52 and rad 54 mutants was considerably reduced , while there was little effect of rad 1 , rad 50 , pms 1 and msh 2 null mutations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show that RAD 51 , RAD 54 , RAD 55 , and RAD 57 genes are not required for SSA irrespective of whether recombination occurred in plasmid or chromosomal DNA . ^^^ These results suggest that there is a competition between SSA and gene conversion processes that favors SSA in the absence of RAD 51 , RAD 54 , RAD 55 and RAD 57 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recombination was found to involve integration of the whole plasmid and to depend on RAD 51 , RAD 52 and RAD 54 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Direct association between the yeast Rad 51 and Rad 54 recombination proteins . ^^^ The RAD 54 and RAD 51 genes are involved in genetic recombination and double strand break repair in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . ^^^ We show here that the Rad 54 protein interacts with the Rad 51 protein in vivo and in vitro and that the NH 2 terminal 115 residues of the Rad 54 protein are necessary for this interaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Finally , we demonstrate the specificity of this phenotype by showing that the DNA repair and / or checkpoint mutants mgt 1 delta , mag 1 delta , apn 1 delta , rev 3 delta , rad 18 delta , rad 16 delta , dun 1 delta 100 , sad 4 1 , tel 1 delta , rad 26 delta , rad 51 delta , rad 52 1 , rad 54 delta , rad 14 delta , rad 1 delta , pol 30 46 , pol 30 52 , mad 3 delta , pds 1 delta / esp2 delta , pms 1 delta , mlh 1 delta , and msh 2 delta are all proficient at S phase regulation , even though some of these mutations confer sensitivity to alkylation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Schizosaccharomyces pombe rhp51+ , rad22+ and rhp54+ genes are homologous to RAD 51 , RAD 52 and RAD 54 respectively , which are indispensable in the recombinational repair of double strand breaks ( DSBs ) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . ^^^ The function of Rhp 51 and Rhp 54 in damage repair and recombination resembles the role of Rad 51 and Rad 54 in S . cerevisiae . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recombinational repair in yeast : functional interactions between Rad 51 and Rad 54 proteins . ^^^ Here we demonstrate by genetic , molecular and biochemical criteria that Rad 51 and Rad 54 proteins interact . ^^^ Our data provide compelling evidence that Rad 51 and Rad 54 proteins interact in vivo and that this interaction is functionally important for recombinational DNA damage repair . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mammalian homologues of two important yeast genes involved in DNA double strand break repair and recombination , RAD 51 and RAD 54 , have been isolated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interaction of human recombination proteins Rad 51 and Rad 54 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human homologues of RAD 50 , RAD 51 , RAD 52 , RAD 54 and MRE 11 have been identified . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also found that pol 30 104 displayed synthetic lethality with mutations in other members of the RAD 52 epistasis group ( rad 51 and rad 54 ) , but not with mutations in members of the RAD 3 nor the RAD 6 epistasis group . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Catalysis of homologous DNA pairing by yeast Rad 51 and Rad 54 proteins . ^^^ The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD 51 and RAD 54 genes are both required for the occurrence of homologous recombination and for the repair of double stranded DNA breaks . ^^^ We find that Rad 54 protein possesses a double stranded DNA dependent ATPase activity , and that it interacts with the Rad 51 protein . ^^^ Addition of Rad 54 protein to reactions containing Rad 51 strongly stimulates the rate of pairing between homologous single stranded and double stranded DNA molecules . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The transcript levels of the recombination genes RAD 51 and RAD 54 , which have MCB elements , were reduced in Delta swi 6 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA double strand break repair through the RAD 52 homologous recombination pathway in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires , among others , the RAD 51 , RAD 52 , and RAD 54 genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Dependence of viability of rad 27 strains on recombination was determined by crossing a strain containing a null allele of RAD 27 to strains containing a mutation in either the RAD 1 , RAD 50 , RAD 51 , RAD 52 , RAD 54 , RAD 55 , RAD 57 , MRE 11 , XRS 2 or RAD 59 gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Several isogenic strains with defects in recombination / repair genes ( RAD 1 , RAD 50 , RAD 51 , RAD 52 , RAD 54 , and RAD 55 ) were examined for their ability to propagate accurately a variety of linear and circular yeast artificial chromosomes ( YACs ) containing human DNA inserts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mouse Rad 54 affects DNA conformation and DNA damage induced Rad 51 foci formation . ^^^ Error free repair by homologous recombination of DNA double strand breaks induced by ionizing radiation ( IR ) requires the Rad 52 group proteins , including Rad 51 and Rad 54 , in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae [ 1 ] . ^^^ The formation of a ' joint ' molecule between the damaged DNA and the homologous repair template is a key step in recombination mediated by Rad 51 and stimulated by Rad 54 [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] . ^^^ Mammalian homologs of Rad 51 and Rad 54 have been identified [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 6 ] . ^^^ Rad 54 appears to be required downstream of other Rad 52 group proteins , such as Rad 52 and the Rad 55 Rad57 heterodimer , that assist Rad 51 in interacting with the broken DNA [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To further investigate the role of recombination in telomere maintenance , we assayed telomere length and the ability to generate survivors in several isogenic DNA recombination mutants , including rad 50 , rad 51 , rad 52 , rad 54 , rad 57 , xrs 2 , and mre 11 . ^^^ The rad 51 , rad 52 , rad 54 , and rad 57 mutations increased the rate of cell death in the absence of TLC 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Spontaneous and mitomycin C induced SCE levels were significantly reduced for chicken DT 40 B cells lacking the key HR genes RAD 51 and RAD 54 but not for nonhomologous DNA end joining ( NHEJ ) defective KU 70 ( / ) cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also analysed NHEJ in other DNA damage response mutants and showed that the checkpoint mutant rad 3 d and two recombination mutants defective in rhp 51 and rhp 54 ( homologues of S . cerevisiae RAD 51 and RAD 54 , respectively ) are not affected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , EcoRI caused prolonged cell cycle arrest of recombination defective rad 51 , rad 52 , rad 54 , rad 55 , and rad 57 mutants , but cells remained viable . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Double mutant analysis showed that rhp 55 ( + ) acts in one DNA repair pathway with rhp 51 ( + ) and rhp 54 ( + ) , homologs of the budding yeast RAD 51 and RAD 54 genes , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RAD 51 , RAD 52 , and RAD 54 encode proteins that are critical to the repair of double strand DNA breaks by homologous recombination . ^^^ Given the observation that different genes within a common functional pathway may be targeted by mutations in human cancers , we analyzed RAD 51 , RAD 52 , and RAD 54 for the presence of germ line mutations in 100 cases with early onset breast cancer and for somatic mutations in 15 human breast cancer cell lines . ^^^ A rare germ line missense mutation was identified in RAD 54 , whereas no sequence variants were found in RAD 51 . ^^^ We conclude that , despite their potential functional association with the BRCA gene products , RAD 51 , RAD 52 , and RAD 54 are not themselves targeted by mutations in human breast cancer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this assay , the rate of GCR formation was increased 600 5 , 000 fold by mutations in RFA 1 , RAD 27 , MRE 11 , XRS 2 and RAD 50 , but was minimally affected by mutations in RAD 51 , RAD 54 , RAD 57 , YKU 70 , YKU 80 , LIG 4 and POL 30 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Yeast Rad 54 promotes Rad 51 dependent homologous DNA pairing via ATP hydrolysis driven change in DNA double helix conformation . ^^^ Accordingly , the Rad 54 ATPase activity is shown to be required for biological function in vivo and for promoting Rad 51 mediated homologous DNA pairing in vitro . ^^^ Taken together , the results are consistent with a model in which a Rad 54 dimer / oligomer promotes nascent heteroduplex joint formation via a specific interaction with Rad 51 protein and an ability to transiently unwind duplex DNA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Detection of loss of heterozygosity at RAD 51 , RAD 52 , RAD 54 and BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 loci in breast cancer : pathological correlations . ^^^ Loss of heterozygosity ( LOH ) in loci of the 15q15 . 1 , 12p13 , 1p32 , 17q21 and 13q12 13 regions may collaborate in the inactivation of RAD 51 , RAD 52 , RAD 54 , BRCA 1 , BRCA 2 and possibly other genes implicated in the repair of double stranded DNA and in DNA recombination . ^^^ We investigate allelic losses in microsatellites of the RAD 51 , RAD 52 , RAD 54 , BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 regions , and their correlations with nine pathologic parameters in 127 breast carcinomas . ^^^ LOH was found in the RAD 51 region in 32 % of tumours , in the RAD 52 region in 16 % , in RAD 54 in 20 % and in the BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 regions in 49 % and 44 % respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DSBR proteins including Mre 11 , Rad 50 , Rad 51 , Rad 54 , and Ku are present in yeast and in mammals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ATM ( / ) cells show altered kinetics of radiation induced Rad 51 and Rad 54 focus formation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We find that transposition is elevated in cells mutated for genes in the RAD 52 recombinational repair pathway , such as RAD 50 , RAD 51 , RAD 52 , RAD 54 , or RAD 57 , or in the DNA ligase 1 gene CDC 9 , but is not elevated in cells mutated in the DNA repair functions encoded by the RAD 1 , RAD 2 , or MSH 2 genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show here that a mutation in TID1 / RDH54 , encoding a RAD 54 homolog , reduces Rad 51 Dmc1 colocalization relative to WT . ^^^ A rad 54 mutation , in contrast , has relatively little effect on RecA homolog foci except when strains also contain a tid1 / rdh54 mutation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rad 54 protein is targeted to pairing loci by the Rad 51 nucleoprotein filament . ^^^ Rad 51 and Rad 54 proteins are important for the repair of double stranded DNA ( dsDNA ) breaks by homologous recombination in eukaryotes . ^^^ Rad 51 assembles on single stranded DNA ( ssDNA ) to form a helical nucleoprotein filament that performs homologous pairing with dsDNA ; Rad 54 stimulates this pairing substantially . ^^^ Here , we demonstrate that Rad 54 acts in concert with the mature Rad 51 ssDNA filament . ^^^ Enhancement of DNA pairing by Rad 54 is greatest at an equimolar ratio relative to Rad 51 within the filament . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For spontaneous recombination , compared to wild type cells , a rad 22 mutant ( corresponding to a Saccharomyces cerevisiae rad 52 mutant ) had wild type levels of deletion types , but was hypo recombinant for conversion types ; rad 16 ( S . cerevisiae rad 1 ) , rad 22 rad16 ( S . cerevisiae rad 52 rad1 ) and swi 10 ( S . cerevisiae rad 10 ) mutants were hyper recombinant for both types ; rad 22 swi10 ( S . cerevisiae rad 52 rad10 ) mutants were hypo recombinant for both types ; rhp 51 ( S . cerevisiae rad 51 ) and rhp 54 ( S . cerevisiae rad 54 ) mutants were hyper recombinant for deletion types , but almost completely lacked conversion types . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Rad 51 protein associates with the Rad 51 , Rad 52 , Rad 54 , and Rad 55 proteins to form a dynamic complex . ^^^ Finally , the detection of a subset of mutations within Rad 51 which disrupt the interaction with mutant Rad 52 protein but activate the interaction with Rad 54 suggests that dynamic changes within the Rad 51 protein may contribute to an ordered reaction process . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutations in RAD 51 , RAD 54 , and RAD 57 had the converse affect : they eliminated the ability of cells to generate type 1 survivors in a tlc 1 strain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Genetic requirements for RAD 51 and RAD 54 independent break induced replication repair of a chromosomal double strand break . ^^^ These results demonstrate that there is a RAD 51 and RAD 54 independent BIR pathway that requires RAD 59 , TID 1 , RAD 50 , and presumably MRE 11 and XRS 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rad 54 protein stimulates heteroduplex DNA formation in the synaptic phase of DNA strand exchange via specific interactions with the presynaptic Rad 51 nucleoprotein filament . ^^^ Our results suggest that Rad 54 protein interacts specifically with established Rad 51 nucleoprotein filaments before homology search on the duplex DNA and heteroduplex DNA formation . ^^^ We conclude that Rad 54 protein acts during the synaptic phase of DNA strand exchange and after the formation of presynaptic Rad 51 protein ssDNA filaments . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also show that deletion of RAD51B , RAD 52 and RAD 54 leaves unchanged the rejoining half times and the contribution of the slow component , as does also a conditional knock out mutant of RAD 51 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have shown that the spt 6 140 and spt 4 3 mutations , affecting chromatin structure and transcription , stimulate recombination between inverted repeats by a RAD 52 dependent mechanism that is very efficient in the absence of RAD 51 , RAD 54 , RAD 55 , and RAD 57 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rad 54 protein stimulates the postsynaptic phase of Rad 51 protein mediated DNA strand exchange . ^^^ Rad 54 and Rad 51 are important proteins for the repair of double stranded DNA breaks by homologous recombination in eukaryotes . ^^^ As previously shown , Rad 51 protein forms nucleoprotein filaments on single stranded DNA , and Rad 54 protein directly interacts with such filaments to enhance synapsis , the homologous pairing with a double stranded DNA partner . ^^^ This function depended on the ATPase activity of Rad 54 protein and on specific protein : protein interactions between the yeast Rad 54 and Rad 51 proteins . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interestingly , 10 repair genes ( RAD 51 , RAD 54 , CDC 8 , MSH 2 , RFA 2 , RFA 3 , UBC 5 , SRS 2 , SPO 12 and TOP 1 ) , involved in recombination and DNA synthesis , display similar regulation of expression in the two irradiated populations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overexpression of EXO 1 or TLC 1 increased the resistance of rad 50 , mre 11 , and xrs 2 mutants to ionizing radiation and MMS , but did not increase resistance in strains defective in recombination ( rad 51 , rad 52 , rad 54 , rad 59 ) or NHEJ only ( yku 70 , sir 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Homologous recombination requires the RAD 52 group proteins , including Rad 51 , Rad 52 and Rad 54 . ^^^ We show that these foci are dynamic structures of which Rad 51 is a stably associated core component , whereas Rad 52 and Rad 54 rapidly and reversibly interact with the structure . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Yeast Rad 51 promotes homologous pairing and strand exchange in vitro , but this activity is inefficient in the absence of the accessory proteins , RPA , Rad 52 , Rad 54 and the Rad 55 Rad57 heterodimer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro studies strongly suggest that several proteins of this pathway Rad 51 , Rad 52 , Rad 54 , Rad 55 , Rad 57 , and replication protein A ( RPA ) play a role in the strand exchange reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rad 54 plays key roles in homologous recombination ( HR ) and double strand break ( DSB ) repair in yeast , along with Rad 51 , Rad 52 , Rad 55 and Rad 57 . ^^^ Rad 51 nucleoprotein filaments catalyze DNA strand exchange and Rad 54 augments this activity of Rad 51 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Genetic analyses reveal that expression levels of the recombination / repair genes RAD 51 , RAD 52 and RAD 54 can affect the frequency of gene repair . ^^^ Overexpression of RAD 51 enhances the frequency 4 fold for correction of an episomal target and 5 fold for correction of a chromosomal target ; overexpression of RAD 54 is also effective in stimulating gene repair , to the same extent as RAD 51 in the chromosomal target . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
G overhang length was increased by Rad 51 disruption but unchanged by disruption of DNA PKcs , Mre 11 , Rad 52 , Rad 54 , XRCC 2 or XRCC 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The requirement for ATP hydrolysis by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad 51 is bypassed by mating type heterozygosity or RAD 54 in high copy . ^^^ RAD 54 expressed from a high copy number plasmid also suppressed the gamma ray sensitivity of rad 51 K191R haploids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human Rad 51 ( hRad 51 ) and Rad 54 proteins are key members of the RAD 52 group required for homologous recombination . ^^^ Homologous DNA pairing by human recombination factors Rad 51 and Rad 54 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Functional cross talk among Rad 51 , Rad 54 , and replication protein A in heteroduplex DNA joint formation . ^^^ Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad 51 , Rad 54 , and replication protein A ( RPA ) proteins work in concert to make heteroduplex DNA joints during homologous recombination . ^^^ With plasmid length DNA substrates , maximal DNA joint formation is observed with amounts of Rad 51 substantially below what is needed to saturate the initiating single stranded DNA template , and , relative to Rad 51 , Rad 54 is needed in only catalytic quantities . ^^^ RPA is still indispensable for optimal reaction efficiency , but its role in this instance is to sequester free single stranded DNA , which otherwise inhibits Rad 51 and Rad 54 functions . ^^^ These results thus shed light on the function of Rad 54 in the Rad 51 mediated homologous DNA pairing reaction and also reveal a novel role of RPA in the presynaptic stage of this reaction . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transcription of the donor allele stimulated gene conversions in rad 50 , rad 51 , rad 54 , and rad 59 mutants , but not in rad 52 , rad 55 , and rad 57 mutants . ^^^ In contrast , transcription of the recipient allele stimulated gene conversions in rad 50 , rad 51 , rad 54 , rad 55 , rad 57 , and rad 59 mutants , but not in rad 52 mutants . ^^^ Finally , transcription stimulated crossovers in rad 50 , rad 54 , and rad 59 mutants , but not in rad 51 , rad 52 , rad 55 , and rad 57 mutants . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The RAD 52 epistasis group of proteins , including Rad 51 , Rad 52 , and Rad 54 , plays an important role in the homologous recombination repair of double strand breaks . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that slow growth and DNA damage sensitivity of top 3 mutants are suppressed by mutations in RAD 51 , RAD 54 , RAD 55 , and RAD 57 . ^^^ We also analyzed recombination at the SUP 4 o region , showing that in a rad 51 , rad 54 , rad 55 , or rad 57 background top3Delta does not increase recombination to the same degree as in a wild type strain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Strand pairing by Rad 54 and Rad 51 is enhanced by chromatin . ^^^ We investigated the role of chromatin in the catalysis of homologous strand pairing by Rad 54 and Rad 51 . ^^^ Rad 54 is related to the ATPase subunits of chromatin remodeling factors , whereas Rad 51 is related to bacterial RecA . ^^^ In addition , we observed that Rad 54 and Rad 51 function cooperatively in the ATP dependent remodeling of chromatin . ^^^ These findings indicate that Rad 54 and Rad 51 have evolved to function with chromatin , the natural substrate , rather than with naked DNA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rad 54 , a Swi2 / Snf2 like recombinational repair protein , disassembles Rad 51 : dsDNA filaments . ^^^ Here we show that Rad 54 protein dissociates Rad 51 from nucleoprotein filaments formed on dsDNA . ^^^ Addition of Rad 54 protein overcomes inhibition of DNA strand exchange by Rad 51 protein bound to substrate dsDNA . ^^^ Species preference in the Rad 51 dissociation and DNA strand exchange assays underlines the importance of specific Rad 54 Rad51 protein interactions . ^^^ We suggest that Rad 54 protein is involved in the turnover of Rad 51 dsDNA filaments . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Central to the process of homologous recombination are the RAD 52 group genes ( RAD 50 , RAD 51 , RAD 52 , RAD 54 , RDH54 / TID1 , RAD 55 , RAD 57 , RAD 59 , MRE 11 , and XRS 2 ) , most of which were identified by their requirement for the repair of ionizing radiation induced DNA damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Important proteins in this pathway are Rad 51 and Rad 54 . ^^^ Rad 51 forms a nucleoprotein filament on single stranded DNA ( ssDNA ) that mediates pairing with and strand invasion of homologous duplex DNA with the assist of Rad 54 . ^^^ We estimated that the nucleus of a mouse embryonic stem ( ES ) cells contains on average 4 . 7x10 ( 5 ) Rad 51 and 2 . 4x10 ( 5 ) Rad 54 molecules . ^^^ We discuss our results with respect to two models that describe how Rad 54 stimulates Rad 51 mediated DNA strand invasion . ^^^ Rad 54 coats the Rad 51 nucleoprotein filament in stoichiometric amounts and binds to the target duplex DNA at the site that is homologous to the ssDNA in the Rad 51 nucleoprotein filament . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rad 51 and Rad 54 proteins are two key components of the homologous recombination machinery in eukaryotes . ^^^ Rad 54 protein interacts with this Rad 51 nucleoprotein filament and stimulates its DNA pairing activity , suggesting that Rad 54 protein is a component of the nucleoprotein complex involved in the DNA homology search . ^^^ The binding of Rad 54 protein significantly stabilizes the Rad 51 nucleoprotein filament formed on either single stranded DNA or double stranded DNA . ^^^ Thus , the co assembly of an interacting partner with the Rad 51 nucleoprotein filament represents a novel means of stabilizing the biochemical entity central to homologous recombination , and reveals a new function of Rad 54 protein . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , caffeine has a much smaller radiosensitizing effect on RAD 54 ( / ) cells and has no effect on RAD 51 deficient cells . ^^^ RAD 51 and RAD 54 are the important factors for HRR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , mutations in Drosophila Rad 54 ( okr ) and Rad 51 ( spnB ) homologs cause delayed and prolonged gamma HIS2AV staining , suggesting that double strand break repair is delayed but not eliminated in these mutants . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Consistent with this proposal , extra copies of RAD 51 and RAD 54 substantially suppress not only the spore inviability of the rad 24 mutant , but also the gamma ray sensitivity of the mutant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vivo roles of Rad 52 , Rad 54 , and Rad 55 proteins in Rad 51 mediated recombination . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results show that BRCA 2 repeats mimic the RAD 51 PM and imply analogous RAD 51 interactions with RAD 52 and RAD 54 . ^^^ Both BRCA 2 and RAD 54 may act as antagonists and chaperones for RAD 51 filament assembly by coupling RAD 51 interface exchanges with DNA binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Swi2 / Snf2 related protein Rad 54 is a chromatin remodeling enzyme that is important for homologous strand pairing catalyzed by the eukaryotic recombinase Rad 51 . ^^^ The chromatin remodeling and DNA stimulated ATPase activities of Rad 54 are significantly enhanced by Rad 51 . ^^^ Unexpectedly , as the N terminus of Rad 54 is progressively truncated , the mutant proteins regain partial chromatin remodeling activity as well as essentially complete DNA stimulated ATPase activity , both of which are no longer responsive to Rad 51 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
FANCD 2 did not interact with RAD 51 , the five RAD 51 paralogs , RAD 52 , RAD 54 or DMC 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RAD 51 and RAD 54 ) and HR DNA intermediates show that p 53 acts directly on HR during the early and late steps of recombination . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Deletion of the HR genes RAD 51 , RAD 52 , RAD 54 , RAD 55 , and RAD 57 also decreased induced recombination and increased mutation frequencies above those of NER deficient yeast . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gene targeting of ATM reduced , but did not abrogate , centrosome amplification induced by DNA damage in both the Rad 51 and Rad 54 knockout models , demonstrating ATM dependent and independent components of DNA damage inducible G 2 phase centrosome amplification . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human Rad 54 protein stimulates DNA strand exchange activity of hRad 51 protein in the presence of Ca2+ . ^^^ Rad 51 and Rad 54 proteins play a key role in homologous recombination in eukaryotes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this review , we discuss primarily those proteins involved in the initial stages of homologous recombination , including SPO 11 , MRE 11 , RAD 50 , NBS 1 , DMC 1 , RAD 51 , RAD 51 paralogs , RAD 52 , RPA , RAD 54 , and RAD54B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
P 53 may downregulate HR through multiple mechanisms including the reported associations with the Rad 51 and Rad 54 recombinases , and the BLM and WRN helicases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Central to the process of homologous recombination are the RAD 52 group genes ( RAD 50 , RAD 51 , RAD 52 , RAD 54 , RDH54 / TID1 , RAD 55 , RAD 57 , RAD 59 , MRE 11 , and XRS 2 ) , most of which were identified by their requirement for the repair of ionizing radiation induced DNA damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the malignant prostate cell lines , mRNA and protein levels of the Rad 51 , Xrcc 3 , Rad 52 , and Rad 54 genes involved in homologous recombination were elevated approximately 2 to 5 fold in comparison to normal PrEC cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The core domain of p 53 is required for interaction with Rad 51 at an early step and the carboxy terminal domain of p 53 is involved in the interaction with Rad 54 and HR intermediates , at a late step . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , we showed that the Rad 54 protein functions as a mediator of Rad 51 binding to single stranded DNA , and here , we find that this activity does not require ATP hydrolysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ionizing radiation induced foci formation of mammalian Rad 51 and Rad 54 depends on the Rad 51 paralogs , but not on Rad 52 . ^^^ Biochemical experiments have revealed that during the process of homologous recombination the RAD 52 group proteins , including Rad 51 , Rad 52 and Rad 54 , are involved in an essential step : formation of a joint molecule between the broken DNA and the intact repair template . ^^^ The significance of homologous recombination for the cell is underscored by the evolutionary conservation of the Rad 51 , Rad 52 and Rad 54 proteins from yeast to humans . ^^^ For the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , foci formation of Rad 51 and Rad 54 is abrogated in the absence of Rad 52 , while Rad 51 foci formation does occur in the absence of the Rad 51 paralog Rad 55 . ^^^ By contrast , we show here that in mammalian cells , Rad 52 is not required for foci formation of Rad 51 and Rad 54 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cell survival and mutagenesis following aflatoxin B 1 treatment was assayed in strains defective in nucleotide excision repair ( NER ) ( rad 14 ) , postreplication repair ( PRR ) ( rad 6 , rad 18 , mms 2 , and rad 5 ) , homologous recombinational repair ( HRR ) ( rad 51 and rad 54 ) , base excision repair ( BER ) ( apn 1 apn2 ) , nonhomologous end joining ( NHEJ ) ( yku 70 ) , mismatch repair ( MMR ) ( pms 1 ) , translesion synthesis ( TLS ) ( rev 3 ) , and checkpoints ( mec 1 1 , mec 1 1 rad 53 , rad 9 , and rad 17 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rad 51 , Rad 52 , Rad 54 , BRCA 1 , BRCA 2 ) in both normal and malignant cultures . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expressions of DNA PKcs , Ku70 / 80 , Rad 51 and Rad 54 genes that related to DNA damage repair , and Bcl 2 and NF kappaB genes that related to antiapoptosis , were up regulated , but the expression of proapototic Bax gene was down regulated in the radioresistant cells as compared to each parental counterpart . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Homologous recombination is a versatile DNA damage repair pathway requiring Rad 51 and Rad 54 . ^^^ Here we show that a mammalian Rad 54 paralog , Rad54B , displays physical and functional interactions with Rad 51 and DNA that are similar to those of Rad 54 . ^^^ Finally , we show that Rad 54 , but not Rad54B , is needed for a normal distribution of Rad 51 on meiotic chromosomes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results showed association of Rad 51 , Rad 54 , BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 , but not Rad51C , with the nuclear matrix fraction in response to double strand breaks induction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro , Rad 54 has been shown to stimulate DNA pairing of Rad 51 , a key homologous recombination protein . ^^^ However , genetic data indicate that Rad 54 protein might also act at later stages of homologous recombination , after Rad 51 ( ref . 13 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we show that homologous integration in the filamentous fungus Neurospora requires the homologous recombination proteins MEI 3 ( yeast Rad 51 homolog ) and MUS 25 ( yeast Rad 54 homolog ) , whereas nonhomologous integration requires nonhomologous end joining protein MUS 52 ( yeast Ku 80 homolog ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P46100 and Q06609	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA