Pubmed abstracts for Protein-Protein Interaction search result :

Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.53033476
In vitro translated Spi B protein can bind to PU . 1 binding sites in myeloid promoters and transactivate these promoters in nonmyeloid cells . 0.53033476^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.92053114
Finally , we show that SPI B interacts with the PU . 1 cofactors Pip , TBP , c Jun and with lower affinity to nuclear factor interleukin 6beta and retinoblastoma . 0.92053114^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.68707328
Lipid induced changes in the conformations of the proteins might have modulated the interactions of SP A with SP B and SP C incorporated into the phospholipid monolayers . . 0.68707328^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pulmonary surfactant contains at least three unique proteins : SP A , SP B and SP C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , we examined the lines for expression of the surfactant associated proteins SP A , SP B , and SP C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Like SP B and SP C , surfactant associated protein ( SP A ) enhanced phospholipid uptake by Type 2 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The latter include a glycoprotein of 28 36 kDa ( SP A ) and two smaller hydrophobic proteins of 5 8 kDa ( SP B , SP C ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glucocorticoid enhanced SP B but inhibited SP A expression in this cell line . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The surfactant proteins involved in the surface tension adaption are called SP A , SP B and SP C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects on SP B mRNA were similar to those on SP A , but quantitatively less . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surfactant associated proteins ( SP A , SP B and SP C ) reduce the susceptibility of surfactants to inactivation in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NS is composed of phospholipids , neutral lipids and surfactant associated proteins ( SP A , SP B and SP C ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Message levels for SP A and SP D , but not SP B , were significantly increased at 24 h . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of SP A , SP C , and SP D proteins was not affected in SP B ( + / ) mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fetal lung SP A , SP B , SP C , and AOE mRNA levels were studied by Northern analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Similar effects were observed for the expressions of surfactant protein genes SP A and SP B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SP B declined to 50 % of control in lavage at 12 h , but no changes in total lung SP A and B were seen . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PU . 1 and Spi B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The T 7 cells synthesize and secrete phosphatidylcholine and the three surfactant proteins , SP A , SP B , and SP C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No cross reactivity of the antibody to human SP A and monomeric and dimeric SP B was encountered . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although the related factor Spi B can substitute for PU . 1 in early B cell development , it is not required . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In immature lung , interleukin ( IL ) 1alpha and IL 1beta upregulated the expression of SP A and SP B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This property may be related to the ability of SPARKY 10 to up regulate its surfactant genes ( SP A , SP B , and SP D ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
According to the present results , IL 1alpha and Dx additively increased the expression of SP A and SP B on d 22 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SP B and SP C , but not SP A , localized predominantly to the glycogen stores . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surfactant protein ( SP ) C level was increased , SP B and SP D were unchanged , whereas SP A was decreased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , in contrast to Spi B , PU . 1 knock down inhibited B cell and myeloid cell development as well . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SP A and SP B were also increased in DH . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We demonstrated by gel shift and supershift assays that PU . 1 and the related Ets transcription factor Spi B interacted specifically with this PUbox . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Variation in the effects of the above hormones on three surfactant protein mRNAs , SP A , SP B and SP C , indicates that the hormonal regulation of the surfactant proteins is a complex process and that each gene is , in part , differentially regulated . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , three lung specific pulmonary surfactant proteins designated SP A , SP B , and SP C have been described . ^^^ The gene encoding SP A ( Sftp 1 ) and the gene encoding SP C ( Sftp 2 ) both map to mouse chromosome 14 , although at separate locations , while the gene encoding SP B ( Sftp 3 ) maps to chromosome 6 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of Spi B , a transcription factor related to the putative oncoprotein Spi 1 / PU . 1 . ^^^ We have cloned a human cDNA from a new gene , spi B , on the basis of its homology with the DNA binding domain of the Spi 1 / PU . 1 putative oncogene product . spi B codes for a protein of 262 amino acids presenting 43 % overall identity with Spi 1 . ^^^ We showed that the Spi B protein is able to bind the purine rich sequence ( PU box ) recognized by Spi 1 / PU . 1 and to activate transcription of a reporter plasmid containing PU boxes . ^^^ Chromosome in situ hybridization allowed us to map spi B to the 19q13 . 3 19q13 . 4 region of the human genome . spi B , like spi 1 , was found to be expressed in various murine and human hematopoietic cell lines except T lymphoid cell lines . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The developmental regulation of the rabbit surfactant associated proteins , SP A , SP B , and SP C , was investigated using Northern blot analysis . ^^^ SP A mRNA and SP B mRNA were first detected in rabbit fetal lung at day 24 of gestation ( term = 31 days ) , i . e . , approximately two days prior to the appearance of lamellar bodies within differentiated alveolar type 2 cells . ^^^ The relative abundance of SP B mRNA detected on day 24 of gestation was greater than that of SP A mRNA . ^^^ Fetal lung SP A mRNA and SP B mRNA levels increased rapidly during the remainder of gestation , reaching a maximum at day 31 of gestation . ^^^ The relative concentrations of SP A mRNA and SP B mRNA were decreased in day 2 neonatal and adult lung tissues when compared to the levels present in fetal lung tissue late in gestation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is now apparent that the three major surfactant proteins ( SP A , SP B , and SP C ) are a biochemically and functionally diverse group of mammalian peptides . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SP A was elevated early in the course of the hyperoxic exposure but decreased significantly by day 8 ; SP B decreased continuously ; SP C was unchanged ( or slightly elevated ) through day 2 and then declined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Localization of surfactant associated proteins SP A and SP B mRNA in rabbit fetal lung tissue by in situ hybridization . ^^^ In the present study , we used the technique of in situ hybridization to localize the mRNA for two surfactant associated proteins , SP A and SP B , in developing rabbit fetal lung tissue . ^^^ SP B mRNA was first detected in cuboidal epithelial cells in the prealveolar region of the rabbit fetal lung tissue on day 24 of gestation , i . e . , at least 2 days before the appearance of SP A mRNA and lamellar bodies within differentiated alveolar type 2 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The primary structures of human pulmonary surfactant associated proteins SP A , SP B and SP C isolated from lung lavage of patients with alveolar proteinosis exhibit significant differences from lung surfactant proteins isolated from lungs of healthy individuals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We used in situ hybridization to identify sites of message expression of the surfactant associated proteins A , B , and C ( SP A , SP B , and SP C ) in adult and fetal rat lung . ^^^ The cRNA antisense probes for SP A , SP B , and SP C appeared to hybridize over type 2 cells . ^^^ Messages for both SP A and SP B were also found in nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial ( Clara ) cells . ^^^ Similarly , in fetal rat lung the messages for SP A and SP B but not SP C were detected in bronchiolar cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ) and the phorbol ester , 12 O tetradecanoyl phorbol 13 acetate ( TPA ) decrease the synthesis of surfactant proteins association with decreased SP A and SP B mRNA . ^^^ In contrast to the inhibitory effects of TPA and TNF alpha on SP A and SP B mRNAs , steady state mRNA and rate of transcription of human manganese superoxide dismutase ( MnSOD ) were increased by both agents . ^^^ Actinomycin D blocked the inhibitory effects of TNF alpha and TPA on SP A and SP B mRNA , supporting a role for posttranscriptional events in the modulation of the expression of the surfactant proteins SP A and SP B . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine possible mechanisms of tubular myelin formation , we studied the effects of purified surfactant proteins ( SP A , SP B , and SP C ) on large unilamellar dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine egg phosphatidylglycerol ( 7 / 3 ; wt / wt ) liposomes . ^^^ SP A caused aggregation , whereas SP B and SP C also caused extensive leakage of liposome contents ( lysis ) and some degree of lipid mixing ( fusion ) . ^^^ There was a marked synergy between SP A and SP B in the process of membrane fusion in the presence of calcium , which correlated with an early ( 10 min ) and extensive rearrangement of the structures seen by electron microscopy followed by a delayed ( 24 h ) appearance of small amounts of tubular myelin . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we used Northern blot analysis to evaluate the effects of insulin on the content of SP A messenger RNA ( mRNA ) as well as on the content of mRNA for the hydrophobic surfactant associated proteins SP B and SP C in human fetal lung explants maintained in vitro . ^^^ Our findings provide evidence that insulin may delay fetal lung development by inhibiting SP A and SP B gene expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These analyses revealed no major regional differences in the mRNA levels for the surfactant protein A ( SP A ) and surfactant protein B ( SP B ) although small differences were present in the levels for the surfactant protein C ( SP C ) . ^^^ Analysis of adult surgical lung specimens indicated that there is greater individual variation in the mRNA levels for SP A and SP B compared to SP C among individuals . ^^^ Furthermore , in a given individual the level of SP A mRNA correlated well with that of SP B , whereas the level of SP C mRNA did not correlate with either that of SP A or SP B . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Isobutylmethylxanthine accelerated and indomethacin inhibited the increases during culture in surfactant protein A ( SP A ) , SP A mRNA , SP B mRNA , phosphatidylcholine content , and activity of fatty acid synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The crude surfactant pellet was analyzed for total phospholipids ( PL ) , individual phospholipids , SP A , SP B , and minimum surface tension ( STmin ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Steady state levels of mRNAs for the three surfactant associated proteins , SP A , SP B , and SP C , were measured in a primate model of premature birth and survival . ^^^ Furthermore , exposure of the premature fetus to hyperoxia results in an increase in the steady state levels of SP B and SP C mRNA without significant changes in SP A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Numerous studies have localized surfactant protein A ( SP A ) to type 2 cells of the lung , and recent studies have shown that the type 2 cells in the human lung are also the site of synthesis of SP B , one of the hydrophobic surfactant proteins . ^^^ We have studied the localization of the mRNAs for SP A , SP B , and SP C in the rat and for SP C in the human lung by tissue in situ hybridization using cRNA probes . ^^^ In addition , the mRNAs for rat SP A and SP B were found in nonciliated bronchiolar cells . ^^^ Immunohistochemical studies in the rat lung with antisera to SP A and SP B confirmed the presence of the protein in cell types where the mRNA was found , as well as in some alveolar macrophages . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surfactant proteins A and B ( SP A and SP B ) were measured in human amniotic fluid by ELISA and correlated with lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio ( L / S ) , phosphatidylglycerol ( PG ) , and perinatal outcome . ^^^ Amniotic fluid SP A , SP B , and L / S increased with advancing gestation . ^^^ SP A was a more specific predictor of nonrespiratory distress syndrome ( RDS ) than L / S or SP B ; however , the sensitivity of SP A in predicting RDS was less than L / S less than 2 . 0 ( 26 . 3 versus 82 . 3 % , respectively ) . ^^^ Measurement of SP A or SP B did not improve the prediction of RDS . ^^^ SP A , SP B , and L / S were not affected by infant sex , Apgar score , rupture of membranes , size for gestational age , maternal diabetes , hypertension , or exposure to medications . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this report , we have examined the hormonal regulation of the rat surfactant protein B ( SP B ) mRNA to determine whether SP B expression is coordinately regulated with the surfactant phospholipids or with SP A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Changes in lipid structure produced by surfactant proteins SP A , SP B , and SP C . ^^^ These populations of materials appear to have similar phospholipid compositions but may differ in their association with surfactant proteins SP A , SP B , or SP C . ^^^ Used together , SP A and SP B reorganized some of the lipid into tubular myelin , a structure that was not observed in SP A , SP C recombinants . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surfactant proteins SP A , SP B , and SP C have been shown to be upregulated by glucocorticoids in vitro , but the role of glucocorticoids in the physiologic regulation of surfactant protein synthesis remains unknown . ^^^ Surfactant protein genes appear to have quantitatively different responses to exogenously administered glucocorticoids , with SP C mRNA increasing at the lowest dose , SP A and SP B mRNA increasing in response to similar glucocorticoids doses but with SP B yielding the highest maximum response . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The levels of messenger RNAs for the surfactant associated proteins , SP A , SP B , and SP C , have been examined in the developing rabbit lung in vivo . ^^^ Northern blot analysis detected SP C mRNA by day 22 of gestation ( term 31 days ) and SP A mRNA and SP B mRNA on day 26 , while solution hybridization assays detected all three mRNAs on day 22 of gestation . ^^^ The mRNA levels determined by solution hybridization were highly correlated during development , with average molar ratios of 1 . 0 : 1 . 1 : 2 . 1 for SP A , SP B , and SP C , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activity of pulmonary surfactant after blocking the associated proteins SP A and SP B . ^^^ To investigate the role of the pulmonary surfactant associated proteins SP A and SP B , the respective monoclonal antibody ( anti A or anti B ) was added to porcine pulmonary surfactant at a weight ratio of 1 : 2 , and the mixtures were tested on surfactant deficient immature newborn rabbits ( gestational age 26 days ) . ^^^ The role of SP A could not be clarified , but it was concluded that SP B is an essential factor for surfactant activity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Acute exposure to 100 % O 2 results in severe decreases in respiratory function and is accompanied by alterations in pulmonary surfactant metabolism , including the regulation of surfactant proteins A , B , and C ( SP A , SP B , SP C ) . ^^^ Because surfactant proteins and their mRNAs can be expressed in alveolar epithelial type 2 cells , and nonciliated bronchial epithelial ( Clara ) cells , we were interested in determining if alterations in the abundance of SP A , SP B , and SP C mRNAs occurred differentially in these two cell types during hyperoxic lung injury . ^^^ Using quantitative in situ hybridization , we found that hyperoxic lung injury resulted in nearly 20 fold increases in SP A and SP B mRNAs in Clara cells , with relatively small ( 2 fold or less ) increases in type 2 cells . ^^^ Because Clara cells are not known to produce surfactant , and appear to lack SP C mRNA , these observations suggest that increased SP A and SP B may serve nonsurfactant functions in hyperoxic lung . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Exposure of adult rats to 85 % ambient oxygen increased the content of surfactant proteins SP A , SP B , and SP C recovered from alveolar lavage . ^^^ The mRNAs encoding SP A ( 1 . 7 and 1 . 0 kb ) , SP B ( 1 . 6 kb ) , and SP C ( 0 . 9 kb ) increased significantly after oxygen exposure for 5 d . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Appearance of surfactant proteins , SP A and SP B , in developing rat lung and the effects of in vivo dexamethasone treatment . ^^^ Hydrophobic pulmonary surfactant proteins ( SP B and SP C ) promote the adsorption of phospholipids at the air / liquid interface and the addition of surfactant protein A ( SP A ) enhances this function . ^^^ The developmental profiles of phospholipids and SP A in the lung have been reported , but that of SP B and SP C remain unknown . ^^^ Using ELISA for SP A and SP B , we measured the contents of SP A and SP B in lung homogenates . ^^^ The developmental profiles of SP A and SP B during the late gestational and postnatal periods were found to be distinctly different from each other . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have examined the effect of in vivo dexamethasone treatment on mRNA levels for the hydrophobic surfactant protein , SP B , in rat lung and compared the data to similar measurements of SP A mRNA . ^^^ SP B mRNA levels in the lungs were determined by RNA blotting using rat SP A and SP B cDNA probes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Protein and phospholipids were measured , SP A was quantitated with a noncompetitive enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay ( ELISA ) and SP A , SP B , and SP C mRNAs were estimated by Northern blotting . ^^^ After 1 wk of dexamethasone treatment , there was an increase in adult rat lung SP A , SP B , and SP C mRNA and a substantial increase in tissue and lavage fluid immunoreactive SP A pools . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lamellar bodies isolated from rat lung contain all three classes of surfactant proteins , SP A , SP B and SP C , as determined by immunoblot analysis . ^^^ The amounts of the surfactant proteins present in lamellar bodies , determined by sandwich e . l . i . s . a . ( SP A ) and fluorescamine assay ( SP B and SP C ) show that these organelles are highly enriched in the hydrophobic surfactant proteins SP B and SP C . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effects of maternal dexamethasone on expression of SP A , SP B , and SP C in the fetal rat lung . ^^^ The abundance of mRNAs for SP A , SP B , and SP C per fixed amount of total cellular RNA was also determined in lungs from treated and control male and female fetal rats by Northern blot analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recognition of the potential importance of the surfactant proteins SP A , SP B , and SP C in the reduction of alveolar surface tension and in endocytosis and reutilization of secreted surfactant by type 2 cells has stimulated rapid advancement of knowledge concerning the structures of these proteins and their genes , as well as their developmental and hormonal regulation in fetal lung tissue . ^^^ In situ hybridization studies of human lung tissue indicate that the SP A gene is expressed only in type 2 cells , whereas SP B gene expression is detectable in bronchioalveolar epithelial cells as well . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , in the control group , averaged results from ELISAs that identify SP A and that identify IgM antibodies to SP A or to SP B , C showed significant differences between pretreatment sera and sera obtained at 1 week of age . ^^^ Positive ELISA values were more frequently found in the control group than in the surfactant treated group with regard to SP A , and IgM against SP A and SP B , C in sera from neonates at 1 week of age . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also measured the amounts of disaturated phosphatidylcholine ( DSPC ) and surfactant apoprotein ( SP A ) in lung tissue , bronchoalveolar lavage , and a lamellar body rich fraction , and we estimated the lung content of mRNAs for SP A , SP B , and SP C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Addition of SP A to CLSE , which already contains SP B and C , gave a slight improvement in the time course of surface tension lowering on an oscillating bubble apparatus in the absence of inhibitory protein molecules such as albumin or hemoglobin . ^^^ Additional studies showed that similar improvements in resistance to inhibition were found when SP A was added to synthetic mixtures of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine ( DPPC ) : egg phosphatidylglycerol ( PG ) ( 80 : 20 by weight ) reconstituted with 1 % SP B or SP B and C , but not to phospholipid mixtures containing only SP C . ^^^ The requirements for SP B and calcium for the beneficial effects of SP A on surface activity suggest that the formation of ordered , larger phospholipid apoprotein aggregates may be involved in the process . ^^^ The finding that SP A enhances the ability of CLSE and other surfactant mixtures containing SP B to resist inhibition is an advantage that will need to be weighed against other factors such as increased antigenicity and heat sensitivity in therapeutic applications in surfactant replacement therapy . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ) decreased the expression of pulmonary surfactant proteins SP A and SP B in human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell lines . ^^^ In contrast to the inhibitory effect of TNF alpha on SP A and SP B mRNA , TNF alpha increased mRNA encoding human manganese superoxide dismutase ( Mn SOD ) . ^^^ These in vitro studies demonstrate the marked pretranslational inhibitory effects of the cytokine , TNF alpha , on the expression of pulmonary surfactant proteins , SP A and SP B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The pulmonary surfactant apoproteins A , B , and C ( SP A , SP B , and SP C , respectively ) function in concert with surfactant phospholipids to reduce surface pressure in the alveolus . ^^^ In contrast , in situ hybridization to SP A and B mRNA in human lung has shown SP A and B transcripts in type 2 cells , but only SP B message in Clara cells , implying that synthesis of SP A occurs exclusively in type 2 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The surfactant associated proteins , SP A , SP B and SP C have been isolated from bovine pulmonary surfactant . ^^^ However , SP A facilitated phospholipid adsorption and may also enhance the removal of PG from monolayers in the presence of SP B . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Four surfactant associated proteins , SP A , SP B , SP C and SP D , have recently been characterized . ^^^ The genes encoding SP A , SP B and SP C are expressed in a cell specific manner and are independently regulated in fetal lung tissue during development . ^^^ In the human fetus , expression of the SP B and SP C genes is detectable much earlier in development than SP A , before the time of appearance of differentiated type 2 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phorbol ester inhibits surfactant protein SP A and SP B expression . ^^^ Effects of the tumor promoter , 12 O tetradecanoylphorbol 13 acetate ( TPA ) , on expression of pulmonary surfactant proteins , SP A and SP B , were determined in a human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell line ( H 441 4 ) . ^^^ SP A and SP B mRNA contents decreased more rapidly after treatment with TPA than after actinomycin D . ^^^ Actinomycin D completely blocked the rapid decrease in SP A and SP B mRNAs caused by the phorbol ester , consistent with the concept that the inhibitory effect of TPA on the surfactant protein mRNAs required continued gene transcription and was not mediated solely by changes in SP A or SP B transcription . ^^^ Inhibitory effects of phorbol esters on SP A and SP B synthesis support the concept that protein kinase C modulates surfactant protein expression in this cell . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have examined the effects of surfactant associated protein A ( SP A ) purified from bovine lavage material on the surface activity of lipid extract surfactant ( LES ) , an organic extract of pulmonary surfactant containing all of the phospholipids and SP B and SP C , but lacking SP A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of surfactant proteins A , B , and C ( SP A , SP B , and SP C ) was evaluated by Northern analysis using specific rat cDNA probes for these mRNAs . ^^^ Except for an occasional positive signal on day 2 of culture , these cells were uniformly negative for the presence of mRNA for SP A , SP B , or SP C . ^^^ While the abundance of mRNA for SP A and SP B steadily increased with time in culture under these conditions , the abundance of SP C mRNA decreased , suggesting that SP C is regulated independently of SP A and SP B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results correlated directly with biochemical analyses which indicated striking increases in three surfactant associated proteins ( SP A , SP B , and SP C ) after 19 . 5 days of gestation ; a finding in agreement with previously reported data on the developmental increase of disaturated phosphatidylcholine in fetal rat lung . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
LA contain SP A and the surfactant lipophilic proteins SP B and SP C and are surface active in vitro , whereas SA lack the surfactant proteins and have poor surface properties . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of mRNA for SP A as well as the hydrophobic apoproteins , SP B and SP C , were also determined in lung homogenates from fetal and adult rats of both sexes by Northern blot analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Synthesis of pulmonary surfactant proteins SP A , SP B , and SP C was demonstrated in a cell line derived from a human adenocarcinoma of the lung . ^^^ Glucocorticoids directly enhance the relative synthesis and mRNA of the surfactant proteins SP A , SP B , and SP C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These proteins could correspond to the spIb and spIa fractions allocated to BR 2 and BR 1 , respectively , in Camptochironomus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have previously assigned two surfactant proteins , SP A ( a 28 36 kDa glycoprotein ) and SP B ( an 18 kDa hydrophobic protein ) , to the short arm of chromosome 10 and to chromosome 2 , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Levels of mRNAs for SP A and for the two lipophilic surfactant proteins SP B ( 18 kDa ) and SP C ( 5 kDa ) fell with half times of maximally 24 h . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Seminal plasma separated from sperm before freezing ( SPB ) , after freezing ( SPA ) , and serum were fractionated by G 100 Sephadex chromatography . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The lavage sample contained SP A but not SP B , and DNA restriction analysis indicated that the patient and his mother were heterozygous for the previously described 121ins2 mutation of SP B . ^^^ Postmortem lung tissue contained normal levels of SP A and its mRNA , a low but detectable level of SP B , and near normal content of SP B mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because surfactant proteins A , B , and C ( SP A , SP B , and SP C ) are putative markers for alveolar epithelial type 2 cells , we investigated their expression in embryonic rat lung ( 12 to 15 days , term = 22 days ) . ^^^ The expression of the messages for SP A , SP B , and SP C was assessed by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) . ^^^ Messages for SP A , SP B , and SP C were , however , present in embryonic rat lung at 13 days ' gestation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Forty three patients with nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis ( NIHF ) , including 32 patients ( 74 % ) with hypoplastic lung , were immunohistochemically examined for the expression of surfactant apolipoproteins ( SPs ) , using anti gamma G immunoglobulins against human SP A with a molecular weight ( MW ) of 35 K and SP B with a MW of 5 K compared with that in 59 patients in a control group and 45 patients with hypoplastic lung induced by causes other than NIHF . ^^^ In the control group , SP A was expressed in the lungs from 23 gestational weeks and became more numerous and intense in alveolar type 2 cells after 31 gestational weeks , whereas SP B began to be expressed from 20 gestational weeks , and almost all patients showed a diffuse positivity after 26 gestational weeks . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results show that SP A , SP B , and SP C mRNAs are expressed at different levels in both alveoan and bronchiolar epithelial cells from diabetic lungs . ^^^ They also show that endotoxin can induce marked proliferation of alveolar type 2 cells , in association with the increased SP A production and overexpression of SP A , SP B , and SP C mRNAs soon after lung injury . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA binding specificities of Spi 1 / PU . 1 and Spi B transcription factors and identification of a Spi 1 / Spi B binding site in the c fes / c fps promoter . ^^^ Spi 1 / PU . 1 and Spi B encode hematopoietic specific transcription factors that are the most distantly related members of the Ets family . ^^^ The DNA binding specificities of Spi 1 and Spi B were investigated by using the method of polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) mediated random site selection . ^^^ The deduced Spi 1 and Spi B consensus binding sites are very similar suggesting that the functional activities of Spi 1 and Spi B can not be distinguished on the basis of their DNA binding specificities . ^^^ We identified a putative Spi 1 / Spi B binding site in the promoter region of the c fes / c fps protooncogene which encodes a tyrosine kinase expressed predominantly in myeloid cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While the abundance of SP A and SP C mRNAs was not altered , an aberrant form of pro SP C , 8 . 5 kDa , was detected , and fully processed SP C peptide was markedly decreased in lung homogenates of SP B / mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surfactant treatment and ventilation effects on surfactant SP A , SP B , and SP C mRNA levels in preterm lamb lungs . ^^^ At 120 days gestation , no differences in SP A , SP B , or SP C mRNA levels were noted among the three groups . ^^^ At 139 days gestation , mRNA levels for both SP A and SP B increased after ventilation , compared with the unventilated groups ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lung lavage fluid was evaluated biochemically and for the presence of surfactant protein A ( SP A ) and B ( SP B ) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot . ^^^ Immunohistochemical staining of lung tissue and Western blot and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay of lavage fluid showed marked increases in SP A and SP B in comparison with controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reverse transcriptase ( RT ) PCR with primers specific for surfactant protein A ( SP A ) , B ( SP B ) , C ( SP C ) , and D ( SP D ) genes was applied to detect metastatic non small cell lung carcinomas . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To test the effects of SP A in vivo we administered a complete natural dog lung surfactant ( DLS ) containing apoproteins SP A , SP B , and SP C , a butanol extract of DLS ( DLSE ) containing only apoproteins SP B and SP C , and DLSE supplemented with SP A intratracheally to prematurely delivered rabbit pups in the presence of increasing amounts of human plasma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that retinoic acid interferes , in a dose dependent fashion , with the expression of epithelial genes that are found in distal segments of the fetal lung ( surfactant associated proteins SP A , SP B , and SP C ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro and in vivo transfer and expression of human surfactant SP A and SP B associated protein cDNAs mediated by replication deficient , recombinant adenoviral vectors . ^^^ It is now recognized that at least some forms of this disorder are associated with a deficiency of SP B , one of the surfactant associated proteins , as well as probable aberrations in the surfactant associated proteins SP A and SP C . ^^^ SP B ) and SP A ( AdCMV . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of the induced tracheae revealed the presence of mRNAs for surfactant protein A ( SP A ) and SP B , as well as SP C , which is a specific marker for type 2 cell differentiation in the adult rat . ^^^ Control tracheal cultures contained mRNAs only for SP A and SP B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To study the in vivo activity of the surfactant apoproteins ( SP A , SP B , SP C ) , we administered surfactants with defined apoprotein compositions to prematurely delivered rabbit pups . ^^^ Addition of SP A to the surfactants containing SP B / C did not significantly further improve lung function if the pups were ventilated with a PEEP of 4 cmH2O . ^^^ At the lower PEEP , SP A significantly improved lung function when it was added to surfactants containing SP B and SP C . ^^^ No beneficial effect of SP A was seen when the surfactant contained either SP B or SP C alone . ^^^ At lower levels of PEEP the effects of SP B and SP C on lung function are markedly reduced but can be restored by the addition of SP A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gene transcriptional activities and steady state mRNA levels have been examined for the surfactant associated proteins SP A , SP B and SP C in developing rabbit lung . ^^^ It was observed SP C mRNA levels increase early in gestation , while SP A and SP B mRNA levels increase rapidly between 26 and 30 days gestation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In situ hybridization studies for mRNA expression of SP A , SP B , and SP C revealed that an SP A mRNA deficiency , present at 140 d , persisted in the BPD and BPD infected groups , whereas SP A mRNA was abundant in PRN and 156 d gestation control groups . ^^^ Immunostaining with SP A , SP B , and SP C antibodies showed variable staining patterns . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They aid not only the reduction of the surface tension of the lungs ( SP B , SP C ) , but serve also in regulation of surfactant secretion ( SP A ) and in local defense and immune responses in the lungs ( SP A and SP D ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Differential expressions of surfactant protein SP A , SP B , and SP C mRNAs in rats with streptozotocin induced diabetes demonstrated by in situ hybridization . ^^^ In the present study , we have examined the mRNA expression and localization of two hydrophobic surfactant proteins , SP B and SP C , and have compared them with SP A mRNA levels and cellular localization in streptozotocin induced diabetic lungs . ^^^ Ten weeks after injection , higher numbers of silver grains representing SP A and SP B mRNAs were observed in alveolar type 2 cells of diabetic lungs , compared with control lungs . ^^^ In contrast , in bronchiolar epithelial cells of diabetic lungs , the relative abundance of silver grains for SP A mRNA increased approximately 2 fold above controls , while SP B mRNA decreased slightly . ^^^ Taken together , there is differential expression in the level of SP A , SP B , and SP C mRNAs in both alveolar and bronchiolar epithelial cells from diabetic lungs when compared with control lungs . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The non serum surfactant associated proteins , SP A , SP B , and SP C , play important roles in the biology of pulmonary surfactant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Spi 1 / PU . 1 and Spi B ets family transcription factors and the recombination signal binding protein RBP J kappa interact with an Epstein Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 responsive cis element . ^^^ Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated the high affinity binding of Spi 1 and Spi B , both members of the Ets family of transcription factors , to one sequence element . ^^^ In addition , co transfections showed that the replacement of the Spi 1 / Spi B binding site in the bi directional LMP / TP2 promoter by the analogous SV 40 Spi 1 responsive element did not impair its function on EBNA 2 mediated transactivation . ^^^ It is concluded that the transcriptional regulators Spi 1 and Spi B as well as RBP J kappa play an essential role in transactivating the LMP / TP2 promoter by EBNA 2 and therefore in the immortalization of B cells by EBV . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surface area cycling of different surfactant preparations : SP A and SP B are essential for large aggregate integrity . ^^^ Several different surfactant preparations were analysed : ( 1 ) bovine natural surfactant , a sucrose gradient purified material containing surfactant phospholipid and surfactant associated proteins ( SP ) SP A , SP B and SP C ; ( 2 ) bovine lipid extract surfactant , which contains the surfactant phospholipids and SP B and SP C ; ( 3 ) mixtures of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol ( 7 : 3 , w / w ) reconstituted with one or more surfactant proteins . ^^^ Addition of SP A to lipid extract surfactant could inhibit aggregate conversion of this material , but this was only observed when an additional 1 % ( w / w ) of SP B was added to the lipid extract . ^^^ It appears that SP A acts in conjunction with SP B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Intriguingly , the 181 element represented a relatively low affinity binding site for Spi B , a closely related member of the ets domain family that has been shown to bind with relatively high affinity to other PU . 1 / Spi 1 binding sites . ^^^ These observations support the idea that PU . 1 / Spi 1 and Spi B regulate overlapping but nonidentical sets of genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We postulated that calcium influences cellular phospholipid uptake stimulated by SP A or SP B . ^^^ These studies demonstrate that the enhancement of phospholipid uptake in alveolar and peritoneal macrophages by SP A , but not SP B is augmented by calcium . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This was associated with significantly decreased surfactant protein A ( SP A ) , B ( SP B ) , and C ( SP C ) levels in septic versus sham operated animals ( p < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ontogeny and effects of exogenous surfactant treatment on SP A , SP B , and SP C mRNA expression in rabbit lungs . ^^^ The aims of the present study were to first characterize the ontogeny of mRNAs encoding the principal surfactant proteins SP A , SP B , and SP C in rabbit lung tissues , followed by an evaluation of the effect of exogenous surfactant administration on endogenous expression of mRNA levels . ^^^ SP A , SP B , and SP C mRNAs were first detected on gestational days 26 , 24 , and 19 , respectively . ^^^ No effect of surfactant treatments , type of surfactant , or dosage ( 1 or 2 treatments ) was noted on SP A , SP B , or SP C mRNA expression . ^^^ These data indicate that the mRNA expression for the three major surfactant proteins was highest late in gestation in developing rabbits and that exogenous surfactant treatment was not associated with significant changes in SP A , SP B , or SP C mRNA levels . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The SP B deficiency was accompanied by marked abnormalities , both quantitative ( increase ) and qualitative ( distribution ) , of SP A and SP C in the lungs of the affected infants . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , we developed a cotransfection assay and showed that a family of lung specific gene promoters that included the SPB , SPC , SPA , and Clara cell secretory protein ( CCSP ) gene promoters were specifically activated by cotransfected TTF 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SP A and SP D are glycoproteins ( M ( r ) approximately 30 , 000 40 , 000 ) whereas SP B and SP C are small ( M ( r ) approximately 5 , 000 18 , 000 ) , extremely hydrophobic proteolipids released from large precursors by proteolysis . ^^^ Glucocorticoids also regulate expression of the SP A , SP B , and SP C genes in the late gestation fetal lung . ^^^ Hormone response elements and other cis acting regulatory elements have been identified in the 5 ' flanking regions of the SP A , SP B , and SP C genes . ^^^ Lamellar bodies are also rich in SP B and SP C but there are conflicting data on the cellular distribution of SP A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two of these , SP A and SP D , are large and water soluble , while SP B and SP C are small and very hydrophobic . ^^^ Together with SP B , SP A is required for conversion of secreted endogenous surfactant to tubular myelin in the alveolar lining . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SP A , SP B , and SP C in surfactant subtypes around birth : reexamination of alveolar life cycle of surfactant . ^^^ To clarify them , we lavaged lungs in fetuses and in newborn rabbits , fractionated the lavage fluid by differential and density gradient centrifugation , and analyzed the distribution of surfactant protein ( SP ) phospholipids , SP A , SP B , and SP C . ^^^ Furthermore , we administered into trachea of newborn rabbits labeled surfactant and compared the alveolar clearance of SP A , SP B , SP C and saturated phosphatidylcholine . ^^^ As breathing starts and new surfactant subtypes are generated , the proteins are mostly associated with dense subtypes , but SP B and SP C are especially concentrated in dense materials that contain minor amounts of phospholipids and SP A . ^^^ Furthermore , we found that , during breathing , alveolar surfactant is degraded into more than one type of remnant , that the lavage fluid contains a pool of SP A not associated with membranes , and that SP A , SP B , and SP C are all turned over at a faster rate than saturated phosphatidylcholine . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Uptake of SOD / catalase from liposomes with synthetic phospholipids and SP A was twice that from liposomes without SP A and did not further improve in the presence of SP B and C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Exposure of SP A to peroxynitrite decreased its ability to cause lipid aggregation and to act synergistically with SP B and SP C in lowering surface tension of surfactant lipids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surfactant proteins A , B , and C ( SP A , SP B , and SP C ) are synthesized in alveolar type 2 cells . ^^^ Double labeling experiments using antibodies against SP A , precursor SP B , precursor SP C , and an antibody against HA 1 , an adaptor protein involved in the budding of transport vesicles from the Golgi complex , showed that the different surfactant proteins traverse and exit the Golgi complex via the same route . ^^^ These data are in accordance with the concept that SP A , SP B , and SP C are transported together through the same biosynthetic pathway via multivesicular bodies to multilamellar bodies . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects of a maternally administered synthetic glucocorticoid , betamethasone , on the levels of mRNA for the surfactant proteins SP A , SP B , and SP C and on the levels of SP A protein were investigated in day 27 gestational age rabbit fetal lung tissue . ^^^ These data are suggestive that betamethasone treatment increases fetal lung SP A and SP B mRNA levels and that maternal stress alone can increase the expression of SP B and SP C mRNA in rabbit fetal lung tissue . ^^^ Thus maternal administration of glucocorticoids increased SP A protein as well as SP A and SP B mRNA levels in rabbit fetal lung tissue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since little is known regarding the hormonal regulation of SP D , and since the other surfactant proteins ( SP A , SP B , and SP C ) are known to be regulated by glucocorticoids , we sought to determine the effects of glucocorticoids on SP D mRNA and protein expression , both in vitro and in vivo , in the fetal rat lung . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Changes in messenger RNA ( mRNA ) levels for surfactant associated proteins SP A , SP B , and SP C were measured by Northern blot analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surfactant associated proteins ( SP A , SP B ) are increased proportionally to alveolar phospholipids in sheep silicosis . ^^^ In this study we measured in lung lavage surfactant total phospholipids and surfactant associated proteins A and B ( SP A , SP B ) . ^^^ In addition , we found a substantial rise in total surfactant associated proteins , with significant increase in SP A ( 1 . 16 + / 0 . 22 micrograms / ml Si PBS group vs . 0 . 70 + / 0 . 07 micrograms / ml PBS PBS group , p < 0 . 05 ) and a parallel but not significant increase in SP B ( 2 . 68 + / 0 . 90 micrograms / ml Si PBS group vs . 1 . 10 + / 0 . 30 micrograms / ml PBS PBS group ) . ^^^ The ratios of SP A and SP B to lipid phosphorus levels document a proportional enhancement of surfactant associated proteins and phospholipids , thus suggesting a co ordinated upregulation of both surfactant associated proteins and phospholipids in this model of silicosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The animals were treated with protein free surfactant lipids ( LH 20 ) , LH 20 + 5 % SP A , LH 20 + 1 % SP B , LH 20 + 1 % SP C , LH 20 + 5 % SP A + 1 % SP B + 1 % SP C ( SP ABC ) , natural sheep surfactant , or 4 ml / kg 0 . 45 % NaCl ( control ) and then ventilated with tidal volumes of 8 ml / kg and 3 cm H2O positive end expiratory pressure ( PEEP ) . ^^^ Ventilatory pressures ( peak pressures minus PEEP ) and dynamic compliances of the LH 20 + SP C rabbits were greater ( p < 0 . 01 ) than those of control , LH 20 , and LH 20 + SP A groups but lower ( p < 0 . 05 ) than in the LH 20 + SP B , LH 20 + SP ABC , and sheep surfactant groups . ^^^ Recoveries of intravascular labeled albumin in the lungs were comparable in the LH 20 + SP B , LH 20 + SP C , LH 20 + SP ABC , and sheep surfactant groups and less ( p < 0 . 01 ) than in LH 20 + SP A rabbits , which had lower ( p < 0 . 05 ) recoveries than did the control and LH 20 groups . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These tests included the lecithin / sphingomyelin ( L / S ) ratio , disaturated phosphatidylcholine / sphingomyelin ( DSPC / S ) ratio , concentrations of lecithin , DSPC , and surfactant associated proteins A and B , C ( SP A , SP B , C ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Total phospholipids ( PL ) , proteins , PL classes ( HPTLC ) and surfactant apoproteins SP A and SP B ( ELISA ) were quantified in the original BALF . ^^^ Concentrations of SP A but not of SP B in BALF were reduced . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The strains were isolated from poultry abattoir effluent ( DWA ) and two sewage purification plants ( SPA and SPB ) . ^^^ Sewage purification plant SPA received mixed sewage , including that from a poultry abattoir , whereas SPB did not receive sewage from any meat processing industry . ^^^ The strains isolated from the sewage purification plants were more susceptible to the quinolones with a range of 11 18 % quinolone resistance for SPB isolates to 17 33 % quinolone resistance for SPA isolates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These environments included two municipal sewage plants ( SPA and SPB ) and waste water from a poultry abattoir ( WWA ) . ^^^ Both the sewage plants SPA and SPB collected domestic and industrial waste , and SPA received drain water from WWA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The combination of 1 nM cortisol and insulin resulted in inhibition of mRNA levels for SP A , SP B , and SP C at the high insulin concentrations ( approximately 50 % inhibition for SP A and SP B and approximately 25 % inhibition of SP C mRNA levels , in the presence of 40 pmol / L 10 10 ( 3 ) insulin ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overexpression of surfactant protein SP A , SP B , and SP C mRNA in rat lungs with lipopolysaccharide induced injury . ^^^ We have examined sequential analysis of histopathology and gene expressions of surfactant protein A ( SP A ) , SP B , and SP C mRNA in alveolar type 2 cells of rats with lipopolysaccharide induced ( LPS induced ) lung injury . ^^^ By in situ hybridization , the number of autoradiographic silver grains for SP A , SP B , and SP C mRNA increased strikingly , in alveolar type 2 epithelial cells of the lungs from LPS administered rats . ^^^ By Northern blot analysis , the relative abundances of SP A , SP B , and SP C mRNA were also higher in the LPS administered lungs and correlated well with the results of in situ hybridization . ^^^ The present study demonstrates that intratracheal administration of LPS induces the marked proliferation of alveolar epithelial cells in association with the concurrently increased SP A , SP B , and SP C mRNA , as well as the SP A production in the early response to lung injury . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surfactant apoproteins A ( SP A ) and B ( SP B ) interact with the lipids of surfactant and such protein lipid interactions may be of importance in several of the steps in the surfactant cycle . ^^^ We analyzed the kinetics of fusion of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine phosphatidyglycerol ( DPPC : PG ; 7 : 3 , w / w ) phospholipid vesicles induced by SP B alone , in the presence of 5 mM calcium , and in the presence of calcium and SP A . ^^^ Calcium caused a small additive increase in lipid mixing , but calcium and SP A combined markedly increased lipid mixing induced by SP B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mRNA levels of SP ( SP A , SP B , SP C ) were assessed in d 18 and 20 fetuses by Northern blot analysis , and nuclear run on assays were performed with lung nuclei from d 20 fetuses ( term = 22 d ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show that the promoters of genes for lung specific proteins such as pulmonary surfactant proteins A , B , and C ( SPA , SPB , and SPC ) and the Clara cell 10 kDa protein ( CC 10 ) contain potential binding sites for FREAC 1 and FREAC 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Differential phosphorylations of Spi B and Spi 1 transcription factors . ^^^ Spi 1 / PU 1 and Spi B are hematopoietic transcription factors , which , in vitro , display similar affinities for DNA target sequences containing the consensus binding site 5 ' GGAA 3 ' . ^^^ While the role of Spi 1 in the transcriptional regulation of B cell and myeloid specific genes has been largely demonstrated , the biological function of Spi B still remains to be elucidated . ^^^ Since Spi B and Spi 1 are very divergent in their transactivator domain , these domains might acquire functional specificity in vivo by interacting with different co factors and / or by undergoing different phosphorylations . ^^^ First , we observed that casein kinase 2 phosphorylates Spi B as well as Spi 1 , in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have induced prolonged hyperpnea in rats and examined the distribution of surfactant associated proteins ( SP A and SP B ) and lysozyme in lamellar bodies ( lb ) and two alveolar fractions , one tubular myelin rich ( alv 1 ) and the other tubular myelin poor ( alv 2 ) . ^^^ We have also examined the expression of SP A , SP B , SP C , and lysozyme mRNA in lung tissue and alveolar type 2 cells . ^^^ The SP A and SP B to PL ratios were 33 and 18 times greater , respectively , in control alv 1 than in lb , suggesting that alv 1 is enriched with these proteins . ^^^ Hyperpnea did not alter the alv 1 SP A or SP B to PL ratios , suggesting some constant stoichiometry to their lipid association ; however , the lysozyme to PL ratio was reduced . ^^^ Whereas hyperpnea significantly elevated the PL , SP A , and lysozyme levels in alv 2 , the SP B level was unchanged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Spi B and PU . 1 are hematopoietic specific transcription factors that constitute a subfamily of the Ets family of DNA binding proteins . ^^^ Here we show that contrary to previous reports , PU . 1 and Spi B have very different expression patterns . ^^^ Gel retardation experiments show that Spi B can bind to all putative PU . 1 binding sites , but do not reveal any preferred Spi B binding site . ^^^ Finally , both PU . 1 and Spi B function as transcriptional activators of the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer E lambda 2 . 4 when coexpressed with Pip ( PU . 1 interaction partner ) in NIH 3T3 cells . ^^^ Taken together , these data suggest that differences in patterns of expression between Spi B and PU . 1 distinguish the function of each protein during development of the immune system . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that elastase from PMN ( PMN elastase ) damages or degrades one or more of the surfactant proteins ( SP A , SP B and SP C ) of the lung , and thereby alters its function . ^^^ Surfactant from normal dog lungs ( 2 mg phospholipid , 200 micrograms protein ) , and purified SP A ( 20 micrograms ) , SP B ( 10 micrograms ) and SP C ( 10 micrograms ) from the surfactant ( identified by SDS PAGE and N terminal amino acid sequences ) were incubated for 4 8 h at 37 degrees C with various amounts ( 0 . 25 1 . 0 U ) of human PMN elastase purified by affinity chromatography . ^^^ SDS PAGE and amino acid composition analysis of the surfactant as well as of the purified SP A , SP B , and SP C showed that degradation of these proteins progressed with incubation time and with the amount of PMN elastase , and was accompanied by decreases in isopycnic density ( g / cm3 ) and surface adsorption , and increase of surface tension of the surfactant . ^^^ Phospholipid compositions of the surfactant after exposure to PMN elastase were not significantly different from those of the controls , suggesting that SP A , SP B , and SP C play a major role in altering the surfactant properties . ^^^ SP A was also degraded by elastase and trypsin from pancreas whereas SP B and SP C remained intact , providing a natural surfactant without SP A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Antibodies to the pulmonary epithelial cell specific proteins surfactant proteins A and B ( SP A and SP B ) and to thyroid transcription factor 1 ( TTF 1 ) , a homeodomain nuclear transcription protein , were used as immunohistochemical markers to asses their ability to distinguish primary pulmonary non small cell carcinomas ( n = 57 ) from carcinomas of the breast ( n = 51 ) . ^^^ SP A , SP B , and TTF 1 were detected in 49 % , 53 % , and 63 % of non small cell carcinomas , respectively . ^^^ Antibodies to SP B and TTF 1 never stained any of the 51 breast carcinomas , whereas four of these tumors stained for SP A . ^^^ Of the three antibodies tested , only TTF 1 seemed useful , because none of the 13 metastatic tumors showed immunoreactivity to this antibody , whereas six specimens ( 46 % ) showed reactivity for both SP A and SP B . ^^^ In contrast , staining for SP A and SP B is of limited value , because there is an unacceptably high rate of cross reactivity between breast carcinomas metastatic to the lung and primary pulmonary carcinomas . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This region harbors at least three genes : two ( spiA and spiB ) encode products that are similar to proteins found in type 3 secretion systems , and a third ( spiR ) encodes a putative regulator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Roles of SP A , SP B , and SP C in modulation of lipid uptake by pulmonary epithelial cells in vitro . ^^^ SP B decreased the amount of lipid uptake stimulated by SP C , SP A did not increase endocytosis of lipids by MLE 12 cells or type 2 cells , but aggregates of lipid were observed associated with the cell surface in the presence of SP A . ^^^ Maintenance of active surfactant in the lung may be achieved through the selective uptake and degradation of surfactant subfractions depleted in SP A and SP B . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As formulations containing surfactant proteins appear to better tolerate serum inactivation , we used an excised rat lung model to compare the susceptibility to serum inactivation of a mixture of synthetic phospholipids selected from surfactant lipid constituents , Exosurf ( a protein free synthetic surfactant ) , Survanta [ containing surfactant proteins B and C ( SP B and C ) ] , and a porcine surfactant ( containing SP A , B , and C ) . ^^^ We conclude that surfactant containing SP A , B , and C is only moderately susceptible to inactivation with whole serum and may therefore exert a greater clinical response than protein free surfactants or those containing only SP B and C . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Keratinocyte growth factor only induced a marked increase in levels of mRNAs for SP A and SP B , accompanied by an increase in SP A protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Peroxynitrite added to surfactant in vitro is capable of decreasing the surface activity , inducing lipid peroxidation , decreasing the function of surfactant proteins , SP A and SP B , and inducing protein associated nitro tyrosine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study was carried out to determine if chronic exposure to cigarette smoke alters pulmonary SPs , namely , SP A and SP B , in a rat model . ^^^ Compared to control groups , SP A and SP B levels in the BAL fluid of SM rats were significantly reduced by 25 and 50 % , respectively , when expressed as units per microgram of BAL fluid protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Alveolar type 2 cells produce a lipid protein complex called surfactant , which contains surfactant proteins SP A , SP B , SP C and SP D . ^^^ Clara cells also express SP A , SP B and SP D but not SP C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The transcription factor Spi 1 / PU . 1 as well as the closely related factor Spi B bound to the PU box in B cells . ^^^ In the erythroleukemia cell line K 562 , due to the absence of Spi B , only PU . 1 bound to the Btk promoter . ^^^ In addition Spi B as well as PU . 1 were able to transactivate Btk expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sp 1 , Sp 3 , TTF 1 , and HNF 3alpha transcription factors are necessary for lung cell specific activation of SP B gene transcription . ^^^ We found that in addition to thyroid transcription factor 1 ( TTF 1 ) and hepatocyte nuclear factor 3alpha ( HNF 3alpha ) binding sites , two spatially separate DNA sequences that bind Sp 1 and Sp 3 factors are necessary for the maintenance of SP B promoter activity . ^^^ Mutation of any one of the transcription factor binding sites caused a significant reduction in SP B promoter activity suggesting that Sp 1 , Sp 3 , and TTF 1 and HNF 3alpha interact cooperatively with SP B promoter to activate gene transcription . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A highly sensitive assay using RT PCR and primers specific for surfactant protein A ( SP A ) , B ( SP B ) , C ( SP C ) and D ( SP D ) genes was applied to detect nodal metastases and occult tumor spread of pulmonary adenocarcinomas . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , FGF 7 stimulates epithelial differentiation , stimulating expression of SP A and SP B mRNA throughout the explant , and inducing formation of focal areas of highly differentiated cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surfactant is a mixture of many molecular species , mainly phospholipids and specific proteins , surfactant protein A ( SP A ) , SP B , SP C and SP D . ^^^ SP A , SP B and SP D all have been detected also in the gastrointestinal tract . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Clearance of radiolabeled dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and SP B from the air spaces after intratracheal injection was similar in SP A ( / ) and SP A ( + / + ) mice . ^^^ Lack of SP A had minimal effects on the overall metabolism of Sat PC or SP B in mice . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have previously shown that SP B mRNA is increased whereas SP A and SP C mRNA are decreased by all trans retinoic acid ( RA ) in a dose dependent manner in human fetal lung explants . ^^^ H 441 human lung adenocarcinoma cells , which synthesize SP A and SP B mRNA and protein , were treated with either all trans RA or 9 cis RA ( 10 ( 10 ) to 10 ( 6 ) M ) for 24 h . ^^^ Human fetal lung explants were treated with 9 cis RA for 6 d . 9 cis RA did not significantly increase SP B mRNA levels , significantly inhibited SP A mRNA levels at all concentrations tested , and significantly inhibited SP C mRNA levels at 10 ( 6 ) M in the human fetal lung explants . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pretreatment with KGF at 48 hr protected against bleomycin induced alterations in pulmonary physiology and increased surfactant protein C positive ( SP C ) positive cells and SP A , SP B , SP C , and SP D mRNA levels after bleomycin instillation when compared to saline pretreated rats on day 1 or day 7 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Within 40 h , IL 1alpha caused a dose dependent increase in surfactant protein A ( SP A ) and SP B mRNAs ( maximally , fivefold ) , without affecting lung growth or increasing inflammatory cells in the lung . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surfactant apoproteins A , B , and C ( SP A , SP B , SP C ) mRNA was quantified by Northern blot analysis . ^^^ Sepsis decreased SP A mRNA levels and increased SP B mRNA ; SP C mRNA were unchanged . ^^^ CONCLUSION : T 3 attenuated sepsis induced surfactant dysfunction and SP A and SP B transcriptional changes during sepsis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The major components of surfactant are phospholipids and four distinct surfactant specific proteins : SP A , SP B , SP C , and SP D . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of surfactant proteins A , B , and C ( SP A , SP B , and SP C ) revealed that SP A was decreased and SP B and SP C were absent , whereas total protein was increased in SurfTrachAsp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We examined the total phospholipid ( PL ) , disaturated phospholipid ( DSP ) , surfactant protein A ( SP A ) , surfactant protein B ( SP B ) , and surface activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 27 subjects with CF whose mean age was 22 . 7 ( SD 14 . 5 ) mo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Distinct effects of SP A and SP B on endocytosis of SP C by pulmonary epithelial cells . ^^^ Endocytosis of DNP SP C by MLE 12 cells or type 2 epithelial cells was decreased by SP B or SP B and SP A together . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hydrolyzed soybean isolates SP A and SP B ( Abbott Laboratories , OH ) , developed for use in enteral nutritional products , were tested in cultures of C2BBe cells , a colonic adenocarcinoma cell line with enterocytic differentiation , to evaluate effects on cell growth , maturation and ability to resist infection by enteric bacteria . ^^^ SP A and SP B enhanced the development of the brush border enzymes alkaline phosphatase and isomaltase over a 28 d period . ^^^ By these criteria , SP A and SP B appear to affect intestinal epithelial cell development in culture . ^^^ When C2BBe monolayers were exposed to the enteric bacteria , Salmonella typhimurium or Salmonella typhi , an inhibition of the passage of S . typhi was seen in cultures with SP A and SP B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transcriptional regulation of surfactant proteins SP A and SP B by phorbol ester . ^^^ Phorbol esters such as 12 O tetradecanoylphorbol 13 acetate ( TPA ) activate protein kinase C and have been previously shown to down regulate surfactant proteins SP A and SP B in H 441 adenocarcinoma cells . ^^^ In cultured human fetal lung explants , TPA decreased SP A and SP B protein and mRNA in a time and dose dependent fashion , with half maximal effect on mRNAs at approximately 3 nM and approximately 50 % inhibition after 24 h of exposure , and similarly reduced SP A and SP B gene transcription ( approximately 55 % of control at 8 24 h ) . ^^^ We conclude that TPA acts primarily at the level of gene transcription to down regulate both SP A and SP B in H 441 and fetal lung cells , and we speculate that inflammatory and other agents that act through PKC may modulate expression of the surfactant proteins and alter surfactant function in vivo . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To define further the role of inflammatory responses to first generation , recombinant , deltaE 1 , deltaE 3 adenovirus in lung pathology and surfactant protein homeostasis , expression of the surfactant proteins SP A , SP B , and proSP C was determined by immunohistochemistry 2 , 7 , and 14 days following intratracheal administration of 2 10 10 ( 9 ) pfu of a recombinant adenovirus , Av1Luc1 , to BALB / c nu / nu and BALB / c wild type mice . ^^^ Respiratory epithelial cells were sloughed , and extracellular accumulation of SP A and SP B was detected in the airways . ^^^ Diminished immunostaining for SP A and SP B was noted in type 2 cells , and SP A and SP B mRNA expression was decreased in focal regions of the lungs from both mouse strains . ^^^ Two weeks after Av1Luc1 treatment of nu / nu mice , immunostaining for SP A , SP B , and proSP C was similar to those patterns observed prior to adenoviral administration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since surfactant protein B ( SP B ) is synthesized as a precursor considerably smaller than alveolar SP A , we investigated whether it enters the circulation more readily . ^^^ All groups had plasma SP B / SP A ratios approximately 6 to approximately 8 fold higher than in normal lavage or ARDS tracheal aspirate fluid , consistent with protein sieving . ^^^ During admission , both plasma SP B and the SP B / SP A ratio were inversely related to blood oxygenation ( PaO2 / FIO2 ) ( p < 0 . 0001 and p < 0 . 025 , n = 260 from 39 patients ; Spearman ) and static respiratory system compliance ( deltaV / deltaP ) ( p < 0 . 0001 and p < 0 . 01 , n = 168 from 25 patients ) . ^^^ We describe in detail three patients and conclude that immunoreactive SP B enters more readily than SP A , is cleared acutely , and provides a better indicator of lung trauma . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SP A mRNA expression is confined to cells of the alveolar epithelium with no expression in the bronchiolar epithelial cells , whereas SP B mRNA is expressed in both alveolar and bronchiolar epithelial cell populations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blot analysis demonstrated time dependent qualitative decreases in surfactant proteins A and B ( SP A , SP B ) in meconium instilled animals compared with the controls . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Our study suggests that the exudative lung injury with meconium instillation is associated with decreased levels of SP A and SP B in the large aggregate fraction of lung surfactant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In lambs with long term exposure to betamethasone , there was a similar , dose dependent increase in concentrations of saturated phosphatidylcholine and surfactant proteins A ( SP A ) and B ( SP B ) ( maximal 2 to 3 fold in tissue and 10 to 15 fold in lavage fluid ) . ^^^ Levels of SP A and SP B were closely correlated in lavage fluid . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Spi B is a hematopoietic specific Ets family transcription factor closely related to PU . 1 . ^^^ Unlike PU . 1 mutant mice , Spi B / mice are viable , fertile and possess mature B and T lymphocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of mRNAs encoding SP A , SP B , and SP C were regulated in the cultured cells by glucocorticoids and cyclic AMP in a manner similar to that observed in fetal lung tissue in organ culture . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Disruption of either microfilaments or microtubules significantly affected the half lives of mRNAs for SP A , SP B , and SP C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We analysed the ratio of the number of CC 10 positive cells per subepithelial length of the bronchial or bronchiolar basement membrane and found that both the bronchial and the bronchiolar population of CC 10 positive cells was significantly higher than that of either SP A or SP B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Association of pulmonary surfactant protein A ( SP A ) gene and respiratory distress syndrome : interaction with SP B . ^^^ We conclude that 1 ) the genetic analyses of RDS and SP A locus should be performed separately for black and white populations and 2 ) SP A alleles / genotypes and SP B variant may contribute to the etiology of RDS and / or may serve as markers for disease subgroups . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cells cultured in DF 12 and DF12 / EHS produced a relatively weak signal for the surfactant protein mRNAs ( surfactant proteins [ SP ] A , SP B , SP C , and SP D , respectively ) , and secretion of SP A and SP D remained low . ^^^ In contrast , cells maintained for 3 d at A / L and cultured in the presence of KGF showed strong signals for SP A , SP B , and SP D mRNAs , and secreted SP A , SP D , and lysozyme into the apical medium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ) and the phorbol ester 12 O tetradecanoyl phorbol 13 acetate ( TPA ) inhibit expression of surfactant associated proteins A and B ( SP A and SP B ) , both important for normal surfactant function . ^^^ PDTC decreased TPA and TNF alpha induced NF kappa B binding activity but did not limit their inhibition of SP A and SP B mRNAs . ^^^ PDTC independently decreased both SP A and SP B mRNAs . ^^^ PTX partially reversed TNF alpha but not TPA mediated inhibition of SP A and SP B mRNAs without altering NF kappa B binding . ^^^ The effects of PDTC and PTX on NF kappa B and the surfactant proteins suggest that NF kappa B activation does not mediate TPA or TNF alpha inhibition of SP A and SP B mRNA accumulation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lung maturation was assessed by examining the morphology and the expression of genes related to epithelial differentiation ( surfactant proteins , SP A , SP B and SP C and Clara cell protein , CC 10 ) and growth [ keratinocyte growth factor ( KGF ) and hepatocyte growth factor ( HGF ) ] . ^^^ In addition , RA inhibited several features of DEX induced accelerated maturation , such as : 1 ) the increased levels of SP A , SP B , and CC 10 mRNAs ; 2 ) the attenuation of mesenchymal tissue ; and 3 ) the mature distribution of cells expressing SP C mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Spi B and PU . 1 ( Spi 1 ) comprise the most divergent subfamily of the Ets transcription factor family . ^^^ Spi B and PU . 1 bind to similar DNA sequences , and can activate the same B cell and myeloid promoters in vitro . ^^^ However , PU . 1 knockout mice demonstrate defective hematopoietic development of multiple hematopoietic lineages , indicating that Spi B was not able to compensate for loss of PU . 1 . ^^^ One explanation for these results is that , in contrast to PU . 1 , which is expressed in myeloid and B cell lines , Spi B expression is restricted to B cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : In situ hybridization studies were done to determine the distribution of SP A , SP B , and SP C in baboon lung specimens from 60 , 90 , 120 , 140 , 160 , and 180 ( term ) days of gestation and adults . ^^^ Riboprobes used for in situ hybridization contained the entire coding regions for human SP A , SP B , and SP C . ^^^ Abrupt transitions of surfactant protein expression were identified ( e . g . , SP A mRNA positive cells in the epithelium of large bronchi with adjoining SP B mRNA expression in small bronchi and bronchioles ) . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Findings in the baboon indicate that there are well delineated sites of surfactant protein mRNA expression in bronchial and bronchiolar epithelia . mRNA expressions of SP A and SP B are present in both bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium but at different sites , whereas SP C expression is seen in loci of epithelial cells in respiratory bronchioles . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To study mechanisms of H to L conversion , we prepared liposomes of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine ( DPPC ) and phosphatidylglycerol ( PG ) , or the phospholipids ( PL ) in combination with either surfactant protein A ( SP A ) , surfactant protein B ( SP B ) , or both SP A and SP B . ^^^ Phospholipids alone showed time dependent conversion from heavy to light subtype on cycling in the absence of convertase , which was decreased by adding SP B , but not SP A , to phospholipids ( p < 0 . 01 for PL+SP B , or PL+SP A+SP B vs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SP A and SP B polymorphisms are found at a higher frequency in certain groups of patients with respiratory distress syndrome ( RDS ) , and SP B mutations are linked to the pathogenesis of congenital alveolar proteinosis ( CAP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The spatial distribution of surfactant proteins A , B , C ( SPA , SPB , SPC ) , and Clara cell specific protein ( CC 10 ) mRNA was compared by in situ hybridization in serial lung sections . ^^^ In distal airway regions , we observed a subpopulation of epithelial cells that appeared to express SPA , SPB , SPC , and CC 10 mRNA , and speculated that they may represent a multipotential stem cell population . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We characterized the effects of cortisol and all trans retinoic acid ( RA ) on SP A and SP B gene expression in H 441 cells , a human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell line . ^^^ Cortisol , at 10 ( 6 ) M , caused a significant inhibition of SP A mRNA to levels that were 60 70 % of controls and a five to sixfold increase in the levels of SP B mRNA . ^^^ We conclude that RA has no effect on SP A gene expression and increases SP B mRNA levels by an effect on SP B mRNA stability and not on the rate of SP B gene transcription . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All the surfactant proteins were relatively unaltered and their messages were up regulated for SP A , but down regulated for SP B and SP C in the lungs treated with growth factors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Northern blot hybridization and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) were employed to determine the SP A , SP B and SP C mRNA levels of cultured lung explants and type 2 cells from fetal rat lungs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The pattern of inhibition of dinitrophenyl rSP C uptake by SP B , but not by SP A , was similar to that previously reported for nSP C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pulmonary surfactant protein A ( SP A ) is synthesized by type 2 cells and stored intracellularly in secretory granules ( lamellar bodies ) together with surfactant lipids and hydrophobic surfactant proteins B and C ( SP B and SP C ) . ^^^ We also found that both neutral and acidic vesicles either with or without SP B or SP C bound to SP A at acidic pH as demonstrated by co migration during centrifugation . ^^^ At the pH of lamellar bodies , SP A induced aggregation of DPPC vesicles containing SP B or a mixture of SP B and SP C was very low , although SP A bound to these vesicles . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The concentrations in serum of some lung specific secretory proteins , such as the bronchiolar Clara cell 16 kDa protein ( CC 16 ) and alveolar surfactant associated proteins A and B ( SP A and SP B , respectively ) , might be used to assess the integrity of the bronchoalveolar / blood barrier known to be disrupted in many lung disorders . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The authors analyzed fetal rat lungs cultured with or without lung distension and tracheal ligation , and examined the effects of mechanical stretch on a human pulmonary epithelial cell line ( NCI H 441 ) that shows regulated expression of surfactant proteins ( SP A , SP B ) . ^^^ Results indicate that static distension for as little as 4 hours decreased steady state SP A and SP B mRNA levels in whole lung ( n = 5 6 , P < . 01 ) . ^^^ In contrast , cyclic stretching of H 441 cells for 24 hours increased SP B and SP A expression 2 to 4 fold over controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mice totally deficient in SP D were healthy to 7 months but had a progressive accumulation of surfactant lipids , SP A , and SP B in the alveolar space . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The remaining 10 % of surfactant is composed of at least three surfactant specific proteins , designated surfactant protein A ( SP A ) , SP B , and SP C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surfactant apoproteins A and B ( SP A and SP B ) are antigenic determinants of pulmonary surfactant complexes . ^^^ Differential expression of SP A and SP B was reported in the developing human lung but little is known of their expression in the chronic injury . ^^^ These cases were immunohistochemically examined by the streptavidin biotin complex method using monoclonal antibodies HS 1 and HS 2 against pulmonary surfactant apoprotein A ( SP A ) and B ( SP B ) , respectively . ^^^ SP A showed a similar pattern but much weaker reactivity when compared to that of SP B . ^^^ Type 2 pneumocytes in normal lung tissue exhibited weak immunoreactivity and no difference in the intensity of staining between SP A and SP B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have shown previously that insulin inhibits the accumulation of mRNA for the surfactant associated proteins A and B ( SP A and SP B ) in human fetal lung explants maintained in vitro . ^^^ To test the hypothesis that the inhibitory effects of insulin on the surfactant proteins are the result of a direct action of insulin on the lung epithelial cell , we evaluated the effects of insulin in the H 441 cell line , a human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell line that expresses SP A and SP B mRNA . ^^^ Insulin , at 2 . 5 microg / ml , inhibited SP A gene transcription by approx . 67 % , and inhibited SP B gene transcription by about 32 % . ^^^ There was no significant effect of insulin on SP A or SP B mRNA stability . ^^^ Thus , we have observed a pattern of insulin inhibition of SP A and SP B gene expression in the H 441 lung epithelial cell line similar to that previously observed in human fetal lung explants , which are comprised of both epithelial and mesenchymal cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The surfactant components saturated phosphatidylcholine , SP B and SP C , are secreted together in lamellar bodies , and at least a part of the de novo synthesized SP A is secreted independently . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SP A ( / ) mice have normal levels of SP B , SP C and SP D mRNA and protein and survive and breed normally in vivarium conditions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The hydrophobic surfactant proteins SP B and SP C are probably essential for optimal biophysical and physiological activity of exogenous surfactants isolated from mammalian lungs , and the dose effectiveness ( in part reflecting resistance to inactivation ) can be further improved by enrichment with SP A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In immunoblotting experiments , TGF beta 1 blocked culture induced accumulation of SP A and SP B . ^^^ Under the same conditions , TGF beta 1 reduced mRNA content for SP A , SP B , and SP C to 20 , 38 , and 41 % , respectively , of matched control groups but did not affect levels of beta actin mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surfactant proteins A and B ( SP A and SP B ) enter the circulation in a manner that acutely reflects changes in pulmonary function in patients with acute respiratory failure ( ARF ) . ^^^ There is a small but significant gradient in SP A and SP B from arterial to mixed venous ( A 5 ) blood , and since we have detected both proteins in urine , the kidney may be a major site of their systemic clearance . ^^^ In order to study the limiting variable determining these levels , we compared plasma CC 16 , SP A , and SP B in matching A 5 blood samples from 37 ARF patients with indices of lung dysfunction and glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) ( of plasma cystatin C and creatinine ) . ^^^ Cystatin C , CC 16 , SP A , and SP B were reduced in mixed venous plasma ( all p < 0 . 001 ) and their A 5 gradients were directly related to their arterial levels ( all p < 0 . 03 ) . ^^^ Whereas CC 16 , SP A , and SP B reflected blood oxygenation ( all p < 0 . 05 ) , only SP A and SP B were related to lung injury score ( LIS ) ( both p < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of surfactant proteins SP A , SP B and the transcription factors TTF 1 and HNF 3beta was identified by immunohistochemistry in the developing chicken . ^^^ The expression of SP A and SP B in chick lung demonstrates the conservation of surfactant proteins in vertebrates . ^^^ The temporospatial pattern of TTF 1 and HNF 3beta overlaps with that of SP A and SP B , supporting their potential roles in chick lung development and demonstrating the conservation of regulatory mechanisms contributing to gene expression in respiratory epithelial cells in vertebrates . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In accord with this observation , the CRH KO lung exhibits delayed induction of type 2 pneumocyte biochemical parameters , such as messenger RNAs ( mRNAs ) for surfactant protein A ( SP A ) and SP B , and fatty acid synthase , as well as delayed Clara cell maturation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mRNA levels for SP A , SP B , and SP C were determined by Northern blot analysis with specific ovine cDNA probes ; SP A protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis . ^^^ Compared with age matched ( 128 day gestational age ) control fetuses , SP A , SP B , and SP C mRNA levels in fetal lung tissue were significantly reduced at 2 days of tracheal obstruction and remained reduced at 4 and 10 days . ^^^ Our results demonstrate that increases in fetal lung expansion , induced by obstruction of the fetal trachea , cause large simultaneous reductions in SP A , SP B , and SP C mRNA levels in the fetal lung as well as a decrease in SP A protein levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SP A elicited new transcription of surfactant proteins SP A , SP B , and SP C and SPAR and c Jun but had no effect on beta actin or c fos transcription . ^^^ However , SP A , SP B , and SP C mRNA levels doubled in SP A treated cells compared to controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SP mRNA content ( SP A , SP B , SP C ) was assessed by Northern blot analysis in fetal day 20 lung explants ( term = 22 days ) cultured for 44 hours in medium containing 10 , 25 , 50 , or 100 mM glucose . ^^^ Our findings were ( 1 ) No consistent alteration in SP A mRNA content was observed at different glucose concentrations ( P > . 05 ) ; ( 2 ) SP B and SP C mRNA content were reduced in a dose dependent manner when glucose concentration was increased from 10 mM to 100 mM . ^^^ These findings indicate that the decrease in SP B and SP C mRNA in fetuses of STZ DB rats may be , in part , due to a direct effect of hyperglycemia , whereas the decrease in SP A mRNA content in STZ DB rats appears to be due to other effects of diabetes in pregnancy . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At the end of the experiment , fetal lung tissues were collected , and ratios of tissue levels of SP A , SP B , and SP C mRNA to 18S rRNA were determined by standard Northern blot analysis . ^^^ There was a 2 . 7 fold increase in fetal lung SP A mRNA ( P < 0 . 05 ) and a 3 . 2 fold increase in SP B mRNA ( P < 0 . 01 ) in the chronically embolized group compared with those in the control group . ^^^ SP A and SP B mRNA tissue levels were highly correlated with the mean fetal plasma cortisol levels on days 20 21 ( r = 0 . 90 , P < 0 . 01 for SP A mRNA and r = 0 . 94 , P < 0 . 01 for SP B mRNA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Morphologically , the decrease in mSpry 2 expression resulted in a 72 % increase in embryonic murine lung branching morphogenesis as well as a significant increase in expression of the lung epithelial marker genes SP C , SP B and SP A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The novel Ets protein was most closely related to PU . 1 and Spi B within the DNA binding Ets domain and was therefore named Spi C . ^^^ However , Spi C may represent a novel subgroup within the Ets protein family , as it differed significantly from Spi B and PU . 1 within helix 1 of the Ets domain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the ultrastructure and properties of lipid protein recombinants that included SP D , PI , and SP B and compared these with recombinants based on SP A . ^^^ SP D had a profound effect on the organization of phospholipid vesicles containing PI and SP B , promoting the formation of atypical but highly ordered and surface active tubular aggregates distinct in their dimensions and shape from the classical tubular myelin formed by SP A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PU . 1 and Spi B are required for normal B cell receptor mediated signal transduction . ^^^ PU . 1 and Spi B have previously been implicated in the regulation of genes encoding B cell receptor ( BCR ) signaling components . ^^^ Spi B / B lymphocytes respond poorly to BCR stimulation ; PU . 1 / mice , however , lack B cells , precluding an analysis of BCR responses . ^^^ We now show that PU . 1+ / Spi B / B cells exhibit more extensive defects than Spi B / B cells , indicating that both PU . 1 and Spi B are required for normal BCR signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast to the results with SP B , neither the SP A protein content nor the mRNA level was significantly altered by PCP infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The phospholipid ( PL ) content , percentage disaturated phosphatidylcholine ( DSPC ) and surfactant proteins ( SP A and SP B ) in BALF surfactant preparations from sham and smoke exposed pups were compared . 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Examination of native extracts by non denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting revealed two SDS resistant complexes : C1a , nominally containing silk proteins spIa , sp 185 and sp 140 , and C1b , containing spIb , sp 185 and sp 140 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cellular composition was determined using immunohistochemical stains for type 1 cell associated antigen ( T 1 cell Ag ) , surfactant proteins and surfactant protein precursors ( SP A , SP B , proSP B , and proSP C ) , neuroendocrine cells ( GRP ) , Clara cells ( UP 1 ) , and the adhesion molecule CD44v6 , a glycoprotein thought to be involved in cell matrix and cell cell interactions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These populations were monitored for mRNA expression of the Erg , Ets 1 , Ets 2 , Fli 1 , Tel , Elf 1 , GABPalpha , PU . 1 and Spi B genes . ^^^ Ets , Spi B and PU . 1 are expressed in these stages but not by later T lineage cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The amounts of SP A , SP B , and SP C messenger RNAs were decreased by 46 % , 32 % , and 28 % , respectively , in VAD fetuses . ^^^ Consistently , amounts of SP A and SP B proteins were diminished as assessed by Western blotting . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunochemical analysis of the lungfish surfactant and lung tissue , using antibodies to human SP A and SP B , showed a similar staining pattern to human surfactant , indicating that SP A and SP B like proteins are present . ^^^ Immunohistochemistry revealed that both SP A and SP B reactivity was present in the secretory cell osmiophilic bodies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The current studies used a quantitative slot blot assay to investigate the fates of SP A and SP B during in vitro cycling . ^^^ These studies confirmed some SP A is present in SA , but SP B is confirmed to LA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surfactant proteins , SP A and SP B , are required for normal surfactant function . ^^^ In the current work , increased levels of oxidized glutathione ( GSSG ) are demonstrated at doses of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate ( PDTC ) which decrease SP A and SP B mRNAs , suggesting that cellular oxidation reduces surfactant protein expression . ^^^ Similarly , reduction of SP A and SP B mRNA levels following accumulation of GSSG induced by glutathione reductase inhibitor 1 , 3 bis ( 2 chloroethyl ) 1 nitrosourea ( BCNU ) , supports the hypothesis that surfactant protein synthesis is reduced in response to oxidation of pulmonary epithelial glutathione . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As compared to controls , SP A concentrations , LSA content and PL : protein ratios were significantly decreased in all groups , whereas PL and SP B concentrations remained unchanged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Ets factors PU . 1 and Spi B regulate the transcription in vivo of P2Y10 , a lymphoid restricted heptahelical receptor . ^^^ To investigate the in vivo functions of PU . 1 and Spi B , two highly related Ets transcription factors , we previously generated PU . 1 ( + / + ) Spi B ( / ) and PU . 1 ( + / ) Spi B ( / ) mice and demonstrated a significant decrease in B cell receptor ( BCR ) signaling in mutants . ^^^ Major components of BCR signaling appear to be expressed at normal levels in these mice , implying that PU . 1 and Spi B cooperate in the transcription of additional target genes important for antigen receptor signaling . ^^^ We used subtractive hybridization to identify novel in vivo PU . 1 / Spi B target genes and determined that the expression of a heptahelical receptor , P2Y10 , is dramatically reduced in PU . 1 ( + / ) Spi B ( / ) B cells . ^^^ Thus , P2Y10 is likely to be a direct in vivo transcriptional target for PU . 1 and Spi B and provides a unique model to explore transcriptional regulation by this Ets factor subfamily . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that the concentrations of SP A and SP B were low in the BAL of patients at risk for ARDS before the onset of clinically defined lung injury , whereas the concentration of SP D was normal . ^^^ In patients with established ARDS , BAL SP A and SP B concentrations were low during the entire 14 d observation period , but the median SP D concentrations remained in the normal range . ^^^ Thus , surfactant protein abnormalities occur before and after the onset of ARDS , and the responses of SP A , SP B , and SP D differ in important ways . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SOD + catalase prevented lipid peroxidation , but did not prevent leukocyte mediated dysfunction , which was associated with a marked reduction in surfactant protein A ( SP A ) , but no detectable change in surfactant protein B ( SP B ) or phospholipid composition . ^^^ Addition of purified SP A ( 5 % w / w ) to dysfunctional surfactant restored normal function , while SP B / C mixture ( 3 % ) did not . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Similar increases in mRNA and protein contents for SP A and SP B suggest that glucocorticoid regulation of these SPs in vivo is primarily pretranslational . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To characterize the state of differentiation of these tumors more precisely and to provide additional information on gene expression , we used immunocytochemistry and / or in situ hybridization to determine the cellular localization of surfactant associated proteins A ( SP A ) , SP B , SP C , and SP D ; Clara cell associated protein CC 10 ; and thyroid transcription factor 1 . ^^^ In normal mouse lung , the messenger RNAs ( mRNAs ) for SP A , SP B , and SP D were expressed in both type 2 cells and Clara cells . ^^^ All tumors examined , both solid and papillary , expressed SP A , SP B , SP C , SP D , and thyroid transcription factor 1 , but not CC 10 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
AIMS : Antibodies against the thyroid transcription factor 1 ( TTF 1 ) and the surfactant proteins A and B ( SPA , SPB ) were compared as paraffin reactive immunohistochemical markers for non small cell carcinomas of pulmonary origin . ^^^ In contrast , both SPA and SPB were positive in only 45 % of pulmonary adenocarcinomas and in 10 % and in 5 % of the large cell carcinomas , respectively . ^^^ Anti SPB and anti SPA had specificities of 1 . 00 and 0 . 97 , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Histochemical and immunohistochemical investigations indicated normal alveolar type 2 cell marker expression including surfactant proteins ( SP A , SP B , pro SP B , and pro SP C ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA cloning of ovine pulmonary SP A , SP B , and SP C : isolation of two different sequences for SP B . ^^^ The three surfactant proteins SP A , SP B , and SP C contribute to dynamic surface properties involved during respiration . ^^^ We have cloned and sequenced the complete cDNAs for ovine SP A and SP C and two distinct forms of ovine SP B cDNAs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the lung , NKX 2 . 1 binds to and activates the expression of pulmonary differentiation specific genes SP A , SP B , and SP C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Epstein barr virus nuclear antigen 3C activates the latent membrane protein 1 promoter in the presence of Epstein Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 through sequences encompassing an spi 1 / Spi B binding site . ^^^ The DNA element through which EBNA 3C activates the LMP 1 promoter includes a Spi 1 / Spi B binding site , previously characterized as an important EBNA 2 response element . ^^^ Like EBNA 2 , EBNA 3C bound directly to both Spi 1 and Spi B in vitro . ^^^ This interaction was mediated by a region of EBNA 3C encompassing a likely basic leucine zipper ( bZIP ) domain and the ets domain of Spi 1 or Spi B , reminiscent of interactions between bZIP and ets domains of other transcription factors that result in their targeting to DNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
STAT 1alpha binds to the gamma activated sequence elements , whereas PU . 1 and / or Spi B bind to the Ets elements . ^^^ The expression of PU . 1 and Spi B , in conjuction with STAT 1alpha activation , correlates with IFN gamma inducibility of CD 40 expression . ^^^ Collectively , our data demonstrate the involvement of STAT 1alpha , PU . 1 , and Spi B in IFN gamma induction of CD 40 gene expression in cells of the macrophage lineage . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , evidence is provided that the lampreys express a member of the purine box 1 ( PU . 1 ) / spleen focus forming virus integration B ( Spi B ) gene family known to be critically and specifically involved in the differentiation of lymphocytes in jawed vertebrates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To study SP A cytokine activity , we used as a model surfactant protein ( SP B ) transcription , the activators of which have been characterized . ^^^ Footprinting analysis indicated that SP A induced protein binding to SP B promoter was greater in amount , but not different in location , from that seen in control cells , which normally transcribe SP B . ^^^ SP A caused transient increases in PI 3 kinase localization at the plasma membrane , and SP A signaling to elicit increased SP B transcription was blocked by LY 294002 , an inhibitor of PI 3 kinase . ^^^ Therefore , SP A signals through PI 3 kinase to increase SP B transcription in type 2 pneumocytes by enhancing TTF 1 and HNF 3 activation of the SP B promoter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tracheal lavage demonstrated presence of surfactant protein A ( SP A ) , but little surfactant protein B ( SP B ) , without aberrant surfactant protein C ( SP C ) . ^^^ Abnormally high immunoreactivity for surfactant proteins SP A , proSP B , SP B , and proSP C was demonstrated by light microscopy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemical studies of lung tissue revealed the absence of SP B and the presence of intra alveolar SP A normal quantities . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Similarly , the absolute amount of 30 , 000 g pelleted SP A and SP B , the phospholipid content of BAL fluid , and surfactant function declined over the first 24 h after exposure , with recovery between 24 and 48 h . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mammalian lung surfactant is a mixture of phospholipids and four surfactant associated proteins ( SP A , SP B , SP C , and SP D ) . ^^^ SP A and SP D are large hydrophilic proteins , which play an important role in host defense , whereas the small hydrophobic peptides SP B and SP C interact with DPPC to generate and maintain a surface active film . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Training significantly increased the SP A / DSP , SP B / DSP , SP A / CHOL and SP A / SP B ratios in whole surfactant harvested from subjects both at rest and immediately following exercise . ^^^ Changes were particularly marked at rest in the SP A / DSP , SP A / CHOL , and SP B / CHOL ratios in the tubular myelin rich fraction , and after exercise in the SP A / DSP , SP A / CHOL , and SP A / SP B ratios in the tubular myelin poor fraction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Epifluorescence microscopy combined with a surface balance was used to study monolayers of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine ( DPPC ) / egg phosphatidylglycerol ( PG ) ( 8 : 2 , mol / mol ) plus 17 wt % SP B or SP C spread on subphases containing SP A in the presence or absence of 5 mM Ca ( 2+ ) . ^^^ In monolayers of SP B / ( DPPC / PG ) spread on SP A , regardless of the presence of calcium ions , large clusters of a probe excluding phase , different from probe excluding lipid LC phase , appeared and segregated from the LE phase at near zero surface pressures and coexisted with the conventional LE and LC phases up to approximately 35 mN / m . ^^^ Varying the levels of either SP A or SP B in films of SP B / SP A / ( DPPC / PG ) revealed that the formation of the probe excluding clusters distinctive for the quaternary films was influenced by the two proteins . ^^^ Concanavalin A in the subphase could not replace SP A in its ability to modulate the textures of films of SP B / ( DPPC / PG ) . ^^^ Despite their strikingly different morphologies , the films of DPPC / PG that contained combinations of SP B / SP A or SP C / SP A displayed similar distributions of LC and LE phases with LC regions occupying a maximum of 20 % of the total monolayer area . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surfactant protein A ( SP A ) appears to promote most of SP B ' s functions . ^^^ We describe a model proposing that SP A and SP B create DPPC enriched domains which can readily be adsorbed to create a DPPC rich monolayer at the interface . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Airway surfactant originates mainly from alveoli and some components ( specific proteins SP A , SP B and SP D ) are synthetized and secreted also by non ciliated cells of the airway mucosa . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Indirect immunohistochemistry was performed using alkaline phosphatase coagulated streptavidin using anti SP A and anti SP B polyclonal antibodies . ^^^ Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) was performed to evaluate relative amount of SP A and SP B mRNA expression . ^^^ RESULTS : In the CDH lung ( group 2 ) we observed a markedly reduced number of type 2 pneumocytes positive for SP A , and SP B was increased to a level close to that of the control group . ^^^ The relative amount of SP A and SP B was reduced significantly in group 2 compared with controls ( P < . 05 ) and significantly increased in group 3 compared with group 2 animals ( P < . 01 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) was performed to evaluate the relative amounts of mRNA expression of SP A , SP B , SP C , and SP D . ^^^ Relative amounts of SP A , SP B , and SP D mRNA expression in CDH lung were significantly decreased compared to controls at birth and 6 h after ventilation . ^^^ Upregulated mRNA expression of SP A , SP B , and SP D in lungs of control animals at 6 h after ventilation suggests that oxygenation accelerates postnatal SP synthesis in normal lungs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study was designed to investigate whether the surfactant protein B ( SP B ) gene or interaction between the SP A and SP B genes has a role in the genetic susceptibility to RDS . ^^^ Instead , our data show that the previously identified association between SP A alleles and RDS was dependent on the SP B Ile131Thr genotype . ^^^ On the basis of chi ( 2 ) and logistic regression analyses , the SP A allele , haplotype and genotype distributions differed significantly between the RDS infants and controls only when the SP B genotype was Thr / Thr . ^^^ Among the infants born before 32 weeks of gestation and having the SP B genotype Thr / Thr , the SP A 1 allele 6A ( 2 ) was over represented in RDS group compared with controls ( P = 0 . 001 , OR = 4 . 7 , CI 1 . 8 12 . 2 ) . ^^^ We propose that the SP B Ile131Thr polymorphism is a determinant for certain SP A alleles as factors causing genetic susceptibility to RDS ( 6A ( 2 ) , 1A ( 0 ) ) or protection against it ( 6A ( 3 ) , 1A ( 2 ) ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Polymorphisms of human SP A , SP B , and SP D genes : association of SP B Thr131Ile with ARDS . ^^^ An allele association study of 19 polymorphisms in surfactant proteins SP A 1 , SP A 2 , SP B , and SP D genes in acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ARDS ) was carried out . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mRNA levels for the surfactant proteins ( SPs ) SP A , SP B , and SP D were increased in whole lung tissue on days 1 and 2 after KGF treatment and then returned to control levels on days 3 7 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , this effect was only observed when SP A was combined with SP B and incubated with subphase vesicles before addition to the air bubble containing sample chamber . ^^^ SP A , combined with SP B , induces a selective adsorption of DPPC from subphase vesicles into the surface film . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lung weight to body weight ratio , mean terminal bronchiole density , type 2 cell density , bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BAL ) phosphatidylcholine ( PC ) , BAL surfactant protein A ( SP A ) and B ( SP B ) , and lung tissue SP A and SP B were assessed in CDH , CDH with TO , CDH with TO and TR , and controls . ^^^ Although the BAL SP A and BAL SP B were similar in all 4 groups , the BAL PC was low in CDH with or without TO or TR . ^^^ Although surfactant secreted early by the fetus into alveolar spaces contained normal levels of BAL SP A and BAL SP B , the low levels of BAL PC and low lung tissue stores of SP B indicate that these experimental lambs may experience respiratory insufficiency soon after birth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Of the knockouts generated to date , the majority shows important functions in hematopoiesis , ranging from PU . 1 , a principle regulator of myelo lymphopoiesis , to Spi B which regulates the proper function of terminally differentiated cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of the antibodies anti SP A , SP B , pro SP C , SP D , and TTF 1 in a series of 56 primary lung carcinomas , 9 metastatic carcinomas to the lung , 5 pleural mesotheliomas and 8 non pulmonary carcinomas . ^^^ Pleural mesotheliomas , pulmonary metastases and non pulmonary carcinomas were not immunoreactive for SP A , SP B , SP D , and TTF 1 . ^^^ These results demonstrate that the combined use of antibodies anti SP A , SP B and TTF 1 is the best association in distinguishing primary lung carcinomas from metastatic carcinomas to the lung and pleural mesotheliomas . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of surfactant protein SP A , SP B , and SP C mRNA in lungs of rats with bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis ] . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : The expressions of surfactant protein ( SP ) SP A , SP B , and SP CmRNA in lungs of rats with bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis were studied . ^^^ The expressions of SP A , SP B and SP CmRNA decreased at day 3 after BLM administration and decreased maximally at day 7 , and then began to increase at day 14 and significantly increased at day 28 , though they were still below the control levels . ^^^ CONCLUSION : The results show that the changes of expressions of SP A , SP B and SP CmRNA occur during the development of bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats and they may play a role in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In newborn rats exposed to hyperoxia on Days 3 through 10 of life , lung messenger RNAs ( mRNAs ) for SP A and SP B gradually and progressively increased , relative to levels in age matched , air exposed newborns , over this 8 d period . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surfactant protein ( SP ) mRNAs decreased markedly in control cells between days 1 and 4 of culture , but mRNA levels were high in treated cells on day ) 4 ( SP A , SP B , SP C , SP D ; 600 % , 100 % , 85 % , 130 % of day 0 content , respectively ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The purpose of the present study was to utilize our animal model to determine the effects on the expression of surfactant proteins A ( SP A ) , B ( SP B ) , and C ( SP C ) . ^^^ These data show that in a model of congenital heart disease with pulmonary hypertension secondary to increased pulmonary blood flow , there is a decrease in SP A gene expression as well as a decrease in SP A and SP B protein contents . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PU . 1 / Spi B regulation of c rel is essential for mature B cell survival . ^^^ PU . 1 ( + / ) Spi B ( / ) mice exhibit reduced numbers of immature and mature B lymphocytes , which exhibit severe defects in response to BCR mediated stimulation and poor survival . ^^^ We found that expression of c rel , a member of the Rel / NF kappa B family , is dramatically reduced in PU . 1 ( + / ) Spi B ( / ) splenic B cells . ^^^ Analysis of the murine c rel promoter identified three PU . 1 / Spi B binding sites critical for c rel promoter activity . ^^^ Furthermore , reintroduction of Rel protein restored wild type B cell numbers to mice reconstituted with PU . 1 ( + / ) Spi B ( / ) bone marrow . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , to investigate whether the C / EBP family would be involved in the regulation of surfactant proteins , we examined the protein expression of SP A , and SP C , and mRNA expression of SP A , SP B , and SP C in the lungs from newborn C / EBPalpha deficient mice . ^^^ In situ hybridization analysis revealed that expression of SP A , SP B , and SP C mRNAs were increased in the lungs of newborn C / EBPalpha deficient mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Electromobility shift assays showed that SpA and SpB were able to bind the transcription factors Sp 1 and Sp3 . . ^^^ The significance of two regions ( SpA : 19 to 11 and SpB : 63 to 55 ) within the human glucose 6 phosphatase ( G6Pase ) gene promoter for gene expression was examined . ^^^ The mutation of SpA and SpB together , but not alone , decreased G6Pase promoter activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Freshly isolated rat type 2 cells were cultured overnight and exposed to known surfactant phospholipid secretagogues for 2 . 5 h , after which the amounts of SP A , SP B , SP C , and SP D in the medium were measured with immunoblotting . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Despite this large increase in end expiratory lung volume ( FRC ) , the mRNA levels for SP A , SP B , and SP C and DNA synthesis rates in lung tissue were not altered . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : The maturation of pulmonary epithelial cells was assessed by immunohistochemical examination for surfactant proteins ( SP A , mature SP B , proSP B , proSP C , and SP D ) and transmission electron microscopy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surfactant protein A ( SP A ) and / or SP B genetic variants have been identified as risk or protection factors for RDS . ^^^ We also determined whether specific SP B variants interact with RDS susceptibility or protective SP A variants to enhance or reduce risk for RDS . ^^^ Furthermore , SP A susceptibility or protective alleles , in specific SP B background , are associated , based on OR , with an increased or reduced risk for RDS . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study correlates the presence of surfactant proteins ( SP A , SP B and SP D ) , using immunohistochemistry , with the ex utero development of the lung in the tammar wallaby Macropus eugenii and also investigates the control of phosphatidylcholine ( PC ) secretion from developing alveolar type 2 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our previous studies showed that the activity of the rabbit SP B minimal promoter ( 236 / +39 bp ) is dependent on the binding of an array of transcription factors including Sp 1 , Sp 3 , thyroid transcription factor 1 , hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 and activating transcription factor / cyclic AMP response element binding protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have recently shown that the cytokine interferon ( IFN ) gamma is the most potent inducer of CD 40 expression in macrophages and microglia , and this induction is mediated by the IFN gamma activated transcription factor STAT 1alpha and constitutively expressed PU . 1 and / or Spi B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We hypothesized that elimination of SP A would alter the regulation of SP B gene expression and the formation of tubular myelin . ^^^ SP B mRNA levels were not affected by the antisense SP A ON treatment . ^^^ We conclude that selective elimination of SP A mRNA and protein results in a decrease in tubular myelin formation in human fetal lung without affecting SP B mRNA . ^^^ We speculate that SP A is critical to the formation of tubular myelin during human lung development and that the regulation of SP B gene expression is independent of SP A gene expression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of transcription factors Pu . 1 , Spi B , Blimp 1 , BSAP and oct 2 in normal human plasma cells and in multiple myeloma cells . ^^^ Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction , we studied the expression of five TFs ( octamer binding factor oct 2 , ets family members PU . 1 and Spi B , pax gene family member BSAP , and Blimp 1 ) in ( 1 ) human cell lines with a plasma cell phenotype , ( 2 ) primary malignant plasma cells [ obtained from patients with plasma cell leukaemia ( PCL ) and multiple myeloma ] , and ( 3 ) normal human plasma cells generated in vitro or isolated from normal bone marrows . ^^^ Our results showed that plasma cells expressed a restricted set of TFs compared with CD19+ B lymphocytes , with continued expression of Spi B and oct 2 , increased Blimp 1 expression , and downregulation of BSAP and PU . 1 . ^^^ Cells from PCL lost Spi B and PU . 1 expression completely and expressed only oct 2 and Blimp 1 , and thus resembled plasma cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CBP potentiated Spi B mediated transcription of the reporter gene driven by the multimerized PU . 1 / Spi B binding sites . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To observe the changes of surfactant A and B ( SP A and SP B ) in alveolar type 2 cells of lungs in hamsters with elastase induced emphysema . ^^^ Immunohistochemistry showed that the percentage of both SP A and SP B positive cells was significantly decreased 30 days after the intratracheal instilling of elastase ( from 48 . 0 % + / 3 . 0 % to 9 . 5 % + / 4 . 0 % and from 28 . 0 % + / 4 . 0 % to 13 . 3 % + / 4 . 1 % , respectively ; P < 0 . 01 ) , however , a time dependent recovery 90 days after instilling was seen . ^^^ CONCLUSION : The decrease of SP A and SP B in alveolar type 2 cells seems to play an important role in the development of emphysema . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Clara cell is believed to be the progenitor of the peripheral airway epithelium , and it produces the surfactant proteins SP A and SP B , in addition to the 10 kDa Clara cell secretory protein ( CCSP or CC 10 ) . ^^^ The cells contain dense secretory granules and mitochondria typical of Clara cells , and express SP A , SP B , SP D , and the Clara cell secretory protein , CC 10 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Far reaching or even complete normalization of the PL profile , the LA fraction and its SP B and SP C ( but not SP A ) content as well as the fatty acid composition of the phosphatidylcholine class was noted . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , the mRNA expression of proliferative and developmental markers was decreased in nitrofen exposed E 12 lungs cultured for 4 days ( as a percentage of age matched controls ) : cyclin A ( 69 . 28 % ; P = . 04 ) , Nkx2 . 1 ( 44 . 4 % , 0 . 04 ) , SP A ( 24 . 1 % ; P = . 008 ) , SP B ( 23 . 4 % ; P = . 05 ) , SP C ( 20 % ; P = . 06 ) , and CC 10 ( 13 . 8 % ; P = . 04 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mRNA levels for SPs and TTF 1 were determined by Northern blot analysis ; SP A and SP B protein levels were assessed by Western blot analysis . ^^^ RESULTS : In DH lungs , SP A , SP B , and SP C messenger RNAs were diminished by 82 % , 67 % , and 32 % , respectively , compared with control level . ^^^ SP A and SP B protein amounts were decreased consistently . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reconstitution of PLX with SP B and SP C increased , whereas reconstitution with SP A decreased , the fibrinolysis inhibitory capacity of the phospholipids . ^^^ We conclude that the inhibitory effect of surfactant incorporation into polymerizing fibrin on its susceptibility to plasmic cleavage is enhanced by SP B and SP C but reduced by SP A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of cadmium on sediment processing by laboratory cultured specimens of Capitella sp 1 and Capitella sp B was investigated . ^^^ Under unstressed conditions , Capitella sp 1 specimens were larger , had higher biomass and produced more fecal pellets than Capitella sp B . ^^^ However , cadmium exposure time significantly affected Capitella sp B pellet production and body mass of both populations following different trends : after 10 days of exposure , the average processed sediment per unit worm mass decreased in Capitella sp 1 but increased in Capitella sp B . ^^^ This study has shown an unimpaired response of Capitella sp 1 and Capitella sp B to cadmium in their sediment processing activity , which indicates the potential importance of this species complex in the trophic transfer of metals from sediments to other marine organisms . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Serum levels of CC 16 , SP A and SP B reflect tobacco smoke exposure in asymptomatic subjects . ^^^ Serum levels of SP A did not differ between subjects ( 270 ( 208 389 ) versus 259 ( 168 392 ) microg 10 L ( 1 ) ) , however , CC 16 levels decreased ( 10 . 6 ( 8 . 7 14 . 6 ) versus 7 . 6 ( 6 . 0 11 . 2 ) microg 10 L ( 1 ) ) and SP B levels increased ( 2 , 529 ( 2 , 091 2 , 943 ) versus 3 , 053 ( 2 , 613 4 , 188 ) microg 10 L ( 1 ) ) in the smokers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No differences were observed in levels of SP B or SP D , binding capacity of SP A or SP D or the surface activity of large surfactant aggregates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surfactant proteins , SP A , SP B , SP C and SP D , play important roles in pulmonary surfactant function and metabolism . ^^^ Allelic variations of the SP A and SP B genes have been shown to be important genetic determinants in individual susceptibility to RDS , which is a good general model for a multifactorial pulmonary disease resulting from complex interactions between several environmental and genetic factors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Ets and IRF transcription factor families contain structurally divergent members , PU . 1 , Spi B and IRF 4 ( Pip ) , IRF 8 ( ICSBP ) , respectively , which have evolved to cooperatively assemble on composite DNA elements and regulate gene expression in the immune system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The SPI group ETS protein transcription factors PU . 1 and SPI B play essential and , although coexpressed and binding to similar DNA sequences , unique roles in B cell differentiation in mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recent evidence suggests that the susceptibility to respiratory distress syndrome ( RDS ) is partly explained by genetic variation in the surfactant proteins ( SP ) SP A and SP B . ^^^ The difference in RDS concordance rates between the monozygotic ( MZ ) and dizygotic ( DZ ) twin pairs as evidence of a genetic influence was evaluated , and the SP A and SP B genes were investigated for potential associations with the susceptibility to RDS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pulse chase labeling and Western immunoblotting studies showed that the final step of SP B processing , specifically cleavage of SP B ( 9 ) to SP B ( 8 ) , was significantly inhibited by E 64 , resulting in delayed accumulation of SP B ( 8 ) without adverse effects on SP A or glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Whereas alveolar and tissue surfactant phospholipid pools were increased , levels of other surfactant proteins were not altered ( SP B ) or were modestly increased ( SP A and SP D ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SP A has roles in surface activity and regulatory roles particularly in innate immunity ; SP B is essential for the processing of surfactant and for the surface activity ; SP C has roles in surfactant metabolism and function ; the regulatory roles of SP D mainly pertain to innate immunity . ^^^ The genetic variation of SP A and SP B genes and the risk of RDS have been studied . ^^^ Both SP A and SP B associate with susceptibility to RDS . ^^^ The association between the SP A allele and genotypes and the risk of RDS is dependent on the SP B genotype and significantly influenced by the degree of prematurity , antenatal glucocorticoid therapy , multiple birth , and birth order . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Dexamethasone potentiates keratinocyte growth factor stimulated SP A and SP B gene expression in alveolar epithelial cells . ^^^ In cultured fetal rat type 2 cells , KGF and Dex induced greater than additive stimulating effects on SP A and SP B expressions that were enhanced three fold and 30 fold , respectively , but had only additive effects on SP C expression . ^^^ Using murine lung epithelial ( MLE ) cells , KGF increased SP A , SP B ( up to two fold ) , and SP C ( up to three fold ) mRNA levels in a dose dependent way . ^^^ Dex 10 ( 9 ) to 10 ( 7 ) M increased SP A and SP B mRNA 1 . 5 fold and SP C mRNA two fold . ^^^ Consistent with type 2 cell findings , simultaneous treatment by KGF and Dex induced a synergistic increase of SP A and SP B transcripts ( three fold and 4 . 5 fold , respectively ) , but not of SP C transcripts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phospholipid profiles and phosphatidylcholine fatty acids ; surfactant apoproteins SP A , SP B , and SP C ( enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ) ; and surface activity ( Pulsating Bubble Surfactometer ) were all analyzed in large surfactant aggregates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study we investigated the effects of NCl ( 3 ) on the pulmonary epithelium of pool attendees by measuring the leakage into serum of three lung specific proteins ( pneumoproteins ) : the alveolar surfactant associated proteins A and B ( SP A and SP B ) and the bronchiolar 16 kDa Clara cell protein ( CC 16 ) . ^^^ Serum levels of SP A and SP B were unaffected by strenuous exercise in the copper / silver pool . ^^^ The intravascular leakage of SP A and SP B was already statistically significant after only 1 h of exposure to pool air without exercising and remained elevated for 12 h after . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Continuous contraction of culture membrane surface area by 25 % for a duration of 4 h resulted in an 83 % increase in SP A , a 42 % increase in SP B , and a 230 % increase in SP C , in comparison with controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BAL SP A , SP B , and SP D concentrations were measured using ELISA . ^^^ Median BAL SP A , SP B , and SP D concentrations for the whole cohort rose significantly during the first postnatal week ( p < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ Lower BAL SP B and SP D but not SP A concentrations were associated with worse clinical prognosis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Additional experiments tested how these surfactants and Curosurf affected surfactant protein ( SP ) SP A , SP B , and SP C mRNA expression . ^^^ No surfactant altered the expression of mRNA for SP A , SP B , or SP C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Blood levels of anti GM CSF antibodies , SP A , SP B , LDH , and [ A a ] DO ( 2 ) , VC , and TLCO were measured before rhGM CSF treatment and every 2 weeks thereafter in 14 patients with AP . ^^^ RESULTS : At baseline , high levels of anti GM CSF antibodies and increased SP A and SP B levels were seen in all patients , and LDH was raised in 83 % . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The available studies mainly concentrate on surfactant proteins ( SP A , SP B ) and respiratory distress syndrome . ^^^ Specific alleles of the SP A and SP B genes associate interactively with susceptibility to respiratory distress syndrome . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Like EBNA 3C , a domain encompassing the putative basic leucine zipper motif of the BaLCV 3C protein directly interacted with both Spi 1 and Spi B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SP A , SP B , and SP C mRNAs were detected in the sorted population , but T1alpha and CD 31 ( platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule ) were not , indicating enrichment of type 2 epithelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mice deficient for SPI group ETS transcription factors PU . 1 or SPI B fail to generate lymphocytes or do not mount normal antibody mediated immune responses , respectively . ^^^ PU . 1 expression is restricted to B , T lymphocytes and macrophages , while SPI B is expressed in B and T lymphocytes . ^^^ SPI C is an ETS transcription factor closely related to PU . 1 and SPI B , and expressed temporarily during B cell development and in macrophages . ^^^ PU . 1 and SPI B regulate transcription from acidic domains located to the N terminus and by recruiting the co activator PIP to adjacent sites in a sequence specific manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhaled NO increased SP A and SP B mRNA content by 80 % from 0 to 12 h and by 78 and 71 % , respectively , from 0 to 24 h . ^^^ There was an increase in SP A and SP B protein content by 45 % from 0 to 12 h , and a decrease by 70 and 65 % , respectively , from 0 to 24 h . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , we demonstrate that the transcription factor Sp 1 can bind to the Sp B GC box in vitro . ^^^ We demonstrate that the CCAAT box and two flanking GC boxes , Sp A and Sp B , function as positive regulatory elements in the human TbetaR 2 promoter , and that the transcription factor complex NF Y positively regulates the human TbetaR 2 promoter through the CCAAT box motif . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro band shift and supershift assays showed that Sp 1 and Sp 3 transcription factors from RAW264 . 7 and J774A . 1 macrophage nuclear extracts bound strongly to a distal GC rich site within 278 / 243 [ specificity protein ( Sp A ) ] and to a proximal TC rich motif within 150 / 114 ( Sp B ) . ^^^ Forced expression of Sp 1 or Sp 3 in Sp lacking Drosophila SL 2 cells induced markedly the activity of the exogenous mPAF AH promoter in a dose dependent manner , and this induction was dependent on the presence of intact Sp A and Sp B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In 71 large aggregate surfactant samples that had normal in vitro function ( minimum surface tension of less than 1 mN / m by pulsating bubble surfactometry ) , mean + / SEM contents of SP A , SP B , and SP C ( 3 . 7 kD ) were 7 . 1 + / 1 . 4 % , 1 . 8 + / 0 . 2 % , and 4 . 6 + / 0 . 6 % , respectively , of phospholipid . ^^^ On the 2nd day of life , contents of SP A , SP B , and SP C were 13 . 4 % , 8 . 4 % , and 0 . 1 % , respectively , of the mean levels for Day 8 80 samples . ^^^ The major postnatal increases for SP A , SP B , and SP C occurred during the 1st , 2nd , and 3rd weeks , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cellular concentration ( mean OD ) of SP A and SP B mRNA was similar at all stages whereas the mean OD of SP C mRNA and the volume fraction of cells ( % Area ) expressing SP mRNA was higher in CDH lungs at term . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Study of human SP A , SP B and SP D loci : allele frequencies , linkage disequilibrium and heterozygosity in different races and ethnic groups . ^^^ BACKGROUND : SP A , SP B , and SP D are pulmonary surfactant proteins . ^^^ Here we studied eight markers in SP A , SP B , and SP D genes in seven ethnic groups from three races ( Caucasian , Black and Hispanic ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA samples from 441 premature singleton infants and 480 twin or multiple infants were genotyped for surfactant specific protein ( SP ) A 1 , SP A 2 , and SP B exon 4 polymorphisms and intron 4 size variants in a homogeneous white population . ^^^ Distributions of the SP A and SP B gene variants between RDS and no RDS infants were determined alone and in combination . ^^^ SP A 1 allele 6A2 ( p = 0 . 009 ) and the homozygous genotype 6A2 / 6A2 ( p = 0 . 003 ) were overrepresented in RDS of singletons when the SP B exon 4 genotype was Thr / Thr , and underrepresented in RDS of multiples when the SP B genotype was Ile / Thr ( p = 0 . 012 for 6A2 and p = 0 . 03 for 6A2 / 6A2 ) or Thr / Thr ( p = 0 . 12 for 6A2 and p = 0 . 018 for 6A2 / 6A2 , respectively ) . ^^^ The SP A 6A2 allele in the SP B Thr 131 background predisposed the smallest singleton infants to RDS , whereas near term multiples were protected from RDS . ^^^ There was a continuous association between fetal mass and risk of RDS , defined by the SP A and SP B variants . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
High levels of surfactant protein C ( Sp C ) , thyroid transcription factor 1 ( Ttf 1 ) , and Gata 6 , but not Sp A or Sp B in the epithelium at birth suggested that in these lungs differentiation was arrested at an early stage . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We examined associations between IPF and genetic polymorphic variants of surfactant proteins , SP A 1 , SP A 2 , SP B , SP C , and SP D . ^^^ One SP A 1 ( 6A ( 4 ) ) allele and single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) that characterize the 6A ( 4 ) allele , and one SP B ( B1580 _ C ) were found with higher frequency ( P < / =0 . 01 ) in nonsmoker and smoker IPF ( n=84 ) subgroups , respectively , compared with healthy controls ( n=194 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The observed effects of SP A on DPPC / egg PG bilayer properties differ from those of the hydrophobic surfactant proteins SP B and SP C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The levels of SP A , SP B and SP C mRNAs in the fetal rabbit lungs were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) and Southern blotting . ^^^ In the 25 ( th ) day , there had a higher expression of SP A and SP C mRNAs in the fetal lungs in all groups , but SP B mRNA could be tested only in the Dex group . ^^^ SP B mRNA level was lower than that of SP A mRNA and SP C mRNA in the same fetal lungs in the 27 ( th ) gestationed day . ^^^ CONCLUSION : The time of detectable SP B mRNA in rabbit fetal lungs appeared later than that of the SP A and SP C mRNAs . ^^^ The expression of SP B mRNA is lower in comparison with those of SP A mRNA and SP C mRNA in the same samples . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of gene expression and Ig transcription in PU . 1 / Spi B deficient progenitor B cell lines . ^^^ In this study , we take advantage of recently developed PU . 1 ( / ) Spi B ( / ) IL 7 and stromal cell dependent progenitor B ( pro B ) cell lines to analyze the function of PU . 1 and Spi B in B cell development . ^^^ We show that contrary to previously published expectations , PU . 1 and / or Spi B are not required for Ig H chain ( IgH ) gene transcription in pro B cells . ^^^ In fact , PU . 1 ( / ) Spi B ( / ) pro B cells have increased levels of IgH transcription compared with wild type pro B cells . ^^^ In addition , high levels of Igkappa transcription are induced after IL 7 withdrawal of wild type or PU . 1 ( / ) Spi B ( / ) pro B cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To investigate the biologic significance of thyroid transcription factor 1 ( TTF 1 ) and surfactant protein A ( SP A ) and SP B expression in pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma ( PSH ) . ^^^ METHODS : TTF 1 , SP A , SP B , epithelial membrane antigen ( EMA ) , pancytokeratin ( AE ( 1 ) / AE ( 3 ) ) , vimentin , CK 7 , CK5 / 6 , calretinin , S 100 , neuron specific enolase ( NSE ) , synaptophysin ( Syn ) , chromogranin A ( CgA ) , CD ( 34 ) , Factor 8 and smooth muscle actin ( SMA ) in 42 patients with PSH were examined with immunohistochemistry , while samples from 10 patients were also observed by electron microscope . ^^^ Both of them were stained with TTF 1 , EMA and vimentin , whereas SP A , SP B , pancytokeratin and CK 7 were only positive in surface lining cuboidal cells . ^^^ Examination of different immunohistochemical markers including TTF 1 , SP A , SP B , pancytokeratin , EMA and vimentin is helpful in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PSH . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On one dimensional Western blots , bands for surfactant protein A in human Eustachian tube ( SP A , 34 kDa ) and in kidney extracts , and for surfactant protein D ( SP D , 43 kDa ) in Eustachian tube and in kidney extracts ( SP D , 86 kDa ) , and for surfactant protein B ( SP B , 8 kDa ) in human Eustachian tube and organ of Corti extracts were detected . ^^^ These results indicate the presence of SP A and SP D in kidney epithelium , SP A , SP B and SP D in Eustachian tube and SP B in the organ of Corti . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These changes were selective since levels of the hydrophobic SP B and SP C and the hydrophilic SP A were significantly decreased following sensitization and challenge with Af in both strains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effect of intrauterine acute ischemic hypoxia on the expression of lung SP A and SP B in neonatal rats ] . ^^^ This study aimed at using an intrauterine acute ischemic hypoxia rat model and investigating the effect of intrauterine acute ischemic hypoxia on the expression of surfactant protein A ( SP A ) and surfactant protein B ( SP B ) in neonatal rat lungs . ^^^ The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) was performed to quantitate the expression of SP A and SP B mRNA . ^^^ The expression of SP A and SP B mRNA was weak following the ischemic hypoxia insult . ^^^ The relative amounts of SP A ( 1 . 16 + / 0 . 06 , 1 . 14 + / 0 . 01 and 1 . 13 + / 0 . 04 , respectively ) and SP B ( 0 . 81 + / 0 . 02 , 0 . 78 + / 0 . 02 and 0 . 79 + / 0 . 04 , respectively ) at the 20 , 30 and 40 min after the ischemia were reduced significantly compared with controls ( 1 . 27 + / 0 . 09 and 0 . 89 + / 0 . 06 , respectively , P < 0 . 05 and < 0 . 01 ) and reduced gradually following the prolongation of the insult . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Meconium aspiration is characterised by severe atelectasis , the influx of neutrophils , edema , and hyaline membranes , with decreased levels of SP A and SP B and the large aggregate fraction of lung surfactant , and altered surfactant surface morphology . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : In 226 healthy children , serum surfactant associated proteins A and B ( SP A and SP B ) , 16 kDa Clara cell protein ( CC 16 ) , and IgE were measured . ^^^ A positive dose effect relation was found with cumulated pool attendance and serum SP A and SP B . ^^^ Serum SP A and SP B were already significantly increased after one hour on the pool side without swimming . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Increased leakage of surfactant proteins A and B ( SP A and SP B ) and Clara cell secretory protein ( CC 16 ) from the air spaces into the circulation occurs in a range of respiratory conditions . ^^^ Serum SP A was related to SP B ( r = 0 . 53 , p < 0 . 001 ) and to CC 16 ( r = 0 . 33 , p < 0 . 02 ) . ^^^ Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis suggested that serum SP A and SP B are influenced by age ( approximately 20 and approximately 25 % of variance , respectively ) , whereas CC 16 is determined by renal function and , to a lesser extent , by body weight ( approximately 63 % of variance in total ) . ^^^ We conclude that CC 16 is cleared from blood by the renal route , whereas SP A and SP B are not . ^^^ Serum SP A and SP B are influenced by age , which we speculate reflects increased damage to the alveolocapillary barrier . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This promoter region spans two Sp1 / Sp3 binding sites ( SP A and SP B ) and is necessary and sufficient for the observed effect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It degrades faster in the NaOH solution than in the SPB and degradation occurs heterogeneously with a progressive increase in the percentage of crystallinity and shortening of the polymeric chains both in vitro and in vivo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For this purpose , the hydrolitic in vitro degradation of the membrane was investigated in two aqueous media : saline phosphate buffer ( SPB , pH=7 . 4 ) and 0 . 01 M NaOH solution . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The method identified the species ( sp ) from 91 positive amplicons : 1 Ad sp A , 44 Ad sp B , 42 Ad sp C , 3 Ad sp E , and 1 Ad sp F ; 85 isolates were identified by IF or the neutralisation in culture , and 86 by a PCR RE digestion method . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Maternal nicotine exposure significantly increased surfactant protein ( SP ) A , SP B , SP C , and SP D mRNA expression on postnatal day 7 , and decreased SP A , SP B , SP C , and SP D mRNA expression on postnatal day 14 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although the steady state level of transcripts of surfactant protein ( SP ) A and SP B was not found to be changed at the time of death , semiquantitative Western blot analysis revealed elevated SP A and SP B protein contents three and twofold , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of endogenous surfactant protein ( SP A , SP B , and SP C ) mRNA levels in human type 2 cells was not altered by the presence of Surfaxin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although SP A , SP B , and SP C mRNA levels were unchanged by expression of TGF alpha , SP A and SP B content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was decreased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Large aggregate surfactant ( LA ) from adult ep / pe mice had decreased phospholipid , SP B , and SP C , with no differences in SP A and D compared with WT . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Antisera against SP A , SP B and Clara cell specific protein ( CC 10 ) were used . ^^^ In allergen sensitized and provocated rat lungs : ( 1 ) the surface fraction of SP A and SP B positive Clara cells was significantly reduced , ( 2 ) the surface fraction of Clara cells stained with CC 10 was coincided with controls , ( 3 ) the surface fraction of SP A and not of SP B possitive type 2 pneumocytes decreased significantly , ( 4 ) a significantly higher percentage of test fields with SP A labelled alveolar macrophages was evaluated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Spi 1 and Spi B control the expression of the Grap 2 gene in B cells . ^^^ The Ets family members Spi 1 and Spi B have been implicated in the regulation of genes important for B cell antigen receptor ( BCR ) signaling . ^^^ This defect is exacerbated in the presence of Spi 1 haplo insufficiency ( Spi1+ / SpiB / ) . ^^^ Tyrosine phosphorylation and calcium mobilization induced by BCR engagement is diminished in Spi1+ / SpiB / B lymphocytes , although many key BCR signaling proteins are expressed , suggesting that Spi 1 and Spi B regulate expression of additional , unidentified signaling molecules . ^^^ Analysis of two alternate murine Grap 2 promoters revealed a functionally important Spi 1 and Spi B DNA binding element located in the downstream promoter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We hypothesized that 1 , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D ( 3 ) stimulates expression of surfactant protein A ( SP A ) , SP B , and SP C in human fetal lung and type 2 cells . ^^^ SP A mRNA levels in NCI H 441 cells , a nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial ( Clara ) cell line , were decreased in a dose dependent manner in the absence or presence of cAMP . 1 , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D ( 3 ) had no significant effect on SP B mRNA levels in lung tissue but increased SP B mRNA and protein levels in type 2 cells incubated in the absence or presence of cAMP . ^^^ These results suggest that regulation of surfactant protein gene expression in human lung and type 2 cells by 1 , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D ( 3 ) is not coordinated ; 1 , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D ( 3 ) decreases SP A mRNA and protein levels in both fetal lung tissue and type 2 cells , increases SP B mRNA and protein levels only in type 2 cells , and has no effect on SP C mRNA levels . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In chronic inflammation model , SP D mRNA expression was increased , whereas the expression of SP A , SP B and SP C was reduced . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A bioassay to investigate the effects of exposing Capitella sp 1 and Capitella sp B to sediment spiked with environmentally relevant concentrations of teflubenzuron ( 8 . 4 , 25 and 41 . 8 microg / g dry wt . sediment ) is described . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Concentrations of phospholipid classes and molecular species were measured using electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry , cholesterol was measured using high performance liquid chromatography , surfactant protein A ( SP A ) and SP B were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By immunoelectron microscopy , we studied the distribution of SP A , SP D , SP B , and precursors of SP C in type 2 pneumocytes before , near the end and after alveolarization and in mature lungs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the same regime of rUCO at 130 to 133 days resulted in an 85 % reduction in SP A and SP B mRNA content and a 66 % reduction in SP C mRNA levels compared to controls . ^^^ CONCLUSION : The surprising decrease in SP A and SP B mRNA levels , which contrasts with other studies , suggests intermittent asphyxial episodes impact differently on surfactant apoprotein mRNA expression than does prolonged hypoxia . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro , Foxa 1 regulated the activity of CCSP and SP A , SP B , SP C , and SP D promoters as assessed by luciferase reporter assays in HeLa , H 441 , and MLE 15 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show here that c Myb and c Ets family members ( Ets 1 / 2 , PU . 1 , and Spi B ) control hGR 1A promoter regulation in T and B lymphoblast cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Compared with term infants , premature control infants had reduced maximal lung volume , decreased tissue content of surfactant proteins SP A , B , and C , abnormal lavage surfactant as assessed by pulsating bubble surfactometer , and a low concentration of SP B / phospholipid . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At approximately 2 wk after preterm birth , SP A and SP B , but not SP C , mRNA levels were significantly reduced in preterm lambs compared with term controls , but these differences did not persist at 2 and 6 wk PNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study examined , independently , the intracellular trafficking route of three different components of PS , that is , PC , SP A and SP B . ^^^ LB was purified from disintegrated cells with sucrose density gradient centrifugation . [ 3H ] PC was extracted from radiolabeled media , cells , and the LB fraction with Bligh Dyer ' s method . [ 35S ] SP A or [ 35S ] SP B was immunoprecipitated from each sample with a specific antibody . [ 3H ] PC was transported and stored to the LB via a Golgi independent pathway . [ 35S ] SP A was transported to the Golgi apparatus , underwent glycosylation , and was then constitutively secreted . ^^^ The secreted [ 35S ] SP A was re uptaken into the LB . [ 35S ] SP B was transported and stored to the LB via the Golgi dependent pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Additional regulators in early thymocytes include PU . 1 , Id 2 , SCL , Spi B , Erg , Gfi 1 , and Gli . ^^^ Potential and known interactions between early thymic transcription factors such as GATA 3 , SCL , PU . 1 , Erg , and Spi B are explored . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Normal synthesis of surfactant lipids and proteins , including SP A , SP B , SP C , SP D , ABCA 3 ( a lamellar body associated protein ) and FAS ( precursor of fatty acid synthesis ) were dependent upon expression of the C / EBPalpha in respiratory epithelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pulmonary SP A ; SP B ; SP C messenger RNA ( mRNA ) expression ; and SP A and SP B , Hoxb 5 , thyroid transcription factor 1 , and retinoic 10 receptor alpha protein expression were analyzed . ^^^ No difference of SP A mRNA ( 177 + / 4 . 3 TO vs 169 + / 4 . 4 SHAM ; P = . 25 ) , SP B mRNA ( 87 . 7 + / 0 . 2 TO vs 87 . 4 + / 0 . 02 SHAM ; P = . 33 ) , and SP C mRNA ( 186 . 5 + / 3 . 2 TO vs 183 . 2 + / 2 . 7 SHAM ; P = . 45 ) expression was found . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Except for SP A , the cellular distribution of SP B , C , D and CC 10 , studied with in situ hybridization and / or immunohistochemistry , did not change in room air nor in hyperoxia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : We measured levels of SP A , SP B , SP C and SP D by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in bronchoalveolar lavage ( BAL ) fluid of 23 asthma patients and 10 healthy control subjects under well controlled conditions before and 24 h after segmental allergen provocation . ^^^ RESULTS : In patients with asthma , allergen challenge increased BAL levels of SP B , SP C and SP D while SP A was decreased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surfactant proteins A ( SPA ) and B ( SPB ) were also analyzed from the blood of a subgroup of infants . ^^^ Serum CC 10 decreased progressively by the end of the first week in all infants , in contrast to SPA and SPB , which increased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SP A and pro SP B were shown to accumulate in the intraalveolar space , whereas mature SP B and SP C were reduced or absent , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SpA , SpB and SpC sites are all Sp 1 inducible . ^^^ We investigated the transcription factors implicated in the constitutive expression of DPYD by utilizing a 174 bp fragment of the DPYD promoter region in which three consensus Sp protein binding sites ( SpA , SpB and SpC ) were predicted . ^^^ SpA , SpB and SpC sites are all Sp 1 inducible . ^^^ In the full activation of the DPYD promoter in human cell lines , the SpB site is essential ; the SpC site works cooperatively with SpB , while SpA has minor promoter activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We demonstrate that physiologic concentrations of leptin ( 1 and 10 ng / mL ) increase the levels of surfactant proteins ( SP ) A , B , and C mRNA as well as SP A and SP B protein in d 17 fetal rat lung explants in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q01892 and P17947	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
First , using retroviral vectors to infect PU . 1 ( / ) fetal liver progenitors , Spi C was found to be inefficient at inducing cytokine dependent proliferation and differentiation of progenitor B ( pro B ) cells or macrophages relative to PU . 1 or Spi B . ^^^