| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , our results have shown that the other homeobox protein Dlx 5 has an activity which interferes with both abilities of Msx 2 to interact with Runx 2 and repress its transcription activity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The AER and anterior and posterior mesodermal domains of Dlx 5 expression are regions in which the homeobox containing gene Msx 2 is also highly expressed , suggesting that Dlx 5 and Msx 2 might be involved in regulatory networks that control AER activity and demarcate the progress zone . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Finally , we show that the expression patterns of representative Msx and Dlx genes ( Msx 1 , Msx 2 , Dlx 2 , and Dlx 5 ) overlap in mouse embryogenesis during limb bud and craniofacial development , consistent with the potential for their protein products to interact in vivo . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Reciprocal regulation of osteocalcin transcription by the homeodomain proteins Msx 2 and Dlx 5 . ^^^ Since the homeodomain proteins Dlx 5 and Msx 2 are both expressed by primary rat calvarial osteoblasts , we examined whether Msx 2 and Dlx 5 functionally interact to regulate the OC promoter . ^^^ In both primary rat calvarial and MC3T3E1 mouse calvarial osteoblasts , transient expression of Dlx 5 only mildly augments basal OC promoter ( luciferase reporter ) activity , while Msx 2 suppresses transcriptional activity by ca . 80 % . ^^^ However , Dlx 5 completely reverses Msx 2 repression of the OC promoter . ^^^ Structure function analyses using far Western blot and transient cotransfection assays reveal that ( 1 ) Msx 2 and Dlx 5 can form dimers , ( 2 ) Dlx 5 residues 127 143 are necessary for dimerization and to reverse Msx 2 dependent OC repression , and ( 3 ) intrinsic DNA binding activity of Dlx 5 is not required for OC regulation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Dlxin 1 binds not only Dlx 5 but also Dlx 7 and Msx 2 and forms homomultimers in vivo . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To analyze the impact of this balance in the Msx Dlx homeoprotein pathway , we analyzed the effect of Msx 1 , Msx 2 , and Dlx 5 overexpression on proteins involved in skeletal differentiation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| MSX 2 expression in the apical ectoderm ridge is regulated by an MSX 2 and Dlx 5 binding site . ^^^ The expression patterns of Msx 2 and Dlx 5 genes in the AER suggest that they might be involved in the regulation of Msx 2 . ^^^ In support of this hypothesis , we found that Msx 2 and Dlx 5 can bind to the B TAAT site as well as to a fragment containing the D and E TAAT sites in the Msx 2 AER enhancer sequences . ( c ) 2002 Elsevier Science ( USA ) . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Msx 2 and Dlx 5 are homeodomain proteins that play an important role in osteoblast differentiation and whose expression is induced by bone morphogenetic proteins . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Treatment of TAK 778 ( 10 ( 7 ) 10 ( 5 ) M ) for 4 h resulted in an increase in the mRNA expression of Msx 2 , but not Cbfa 1 or Dlx 5 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We show that when expressed in mammalian cells , Ror 2 , but not Ror 1 , associates with the melanoma associated antigen ( MAGE ) family protein , Dlxin 1 , which is known to bind to the homeodomain proteins Msx 2 and Dlx 5 and regulate their transcriptional functions . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both Dlx 5 and Sox 11 are expressed in the AER , and the proteins encoded by these genes bind to separate conserved elements , supporting their possible roles in regulating Msx 2 expression . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Comparative study of MSX 2 , DLX 5 , and DLX 7 gene expression during early human tooth development . ^^^ To establish some relationships between those reported human syndromes , previous experimental data in mice , and the expression patterns of MSX and DLX homeogenes in the human dentition , we investigated MSX 2 , DLX 5 , and DLX 7 expression patterns and compared them in orofacial tissues of 7 . 5 to 9 wk old human embryos by using in situ hybridization . ^^^ Our data showed that MSX 2 was strongly expressed in the progenitor cells of human orofacial skeletal structures , including mandible and maxilla bones , Meckel ' s cartilage , and tooth germs , as shown for DLX 5 . ^^^ The comparison of MSX 2 , DLX 5 , and DLX 7 expression patterns during the early stages of development of different human tooth types showed the existence of spatially ordered sequences of homeogene expression along the vestibular / lingual axis of dental epithelium . ^^^ The expression of MSX 2 in enamel knot , as well as the coincident expression of MSX 2 , DLX 5 , and DLX 7 in a restricted vestibular area of dental epithelium , suggests the existence of various organizing centers involved in the control of human tooth morphogenesis . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP ) signaling pathways , which involve the downstream transcription factors Dlx 5 and Msx 2 , are also involved in the bone forming processes . ^^^ Moreover , the disruption of the Runx 2 gene completely eliminated the expression of Bmp 2 and its downstream genes Dlx 5 and Msx 2 in the developing primordium of bone , while the expression of Fgf 2 was maintained . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , BMP 2 , Dlx 5 , and Runx 2 2 were found to be expressed in osteogenic fronts and parietal bones of the developing cranial vault and Runx 2 1 and Msx 2 in the sutural mesenchyme . ^^^ Moreover , Msx 2 specifically suppressed the Runx 2 P1 promoter , and the responsible region overlaps with that recognized by Dlx 5 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The establishment of an in vitro model system has enabled the investigation of intracellular events including BMP receptor activation , BMP 2 induced R Smad activation , and kinase activation , and the role of osteogenic transcription factors , such as Runx 2 , Osx , Dlx 5 , and Msx 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Osteoblast differentiation is controlled by multiple transcription factors , Runx 2 , AJ 18 , Osterix , Dlx 5 and Msx 2 . ^^^ BMP 2 also stimulated significantly Dlx 5 expression on days 3 9 , Msx 2 and matrix Gla protein expressions on days 3 and 6 , Runx 2 , alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin expressions on days 6 and 9 in the culture . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Bone morphogenetic protein 2 induced alkaline phosphatase expression is stimulated by Dlx 5 and repressed by Msx 2 . ^^^ We also found that overexpression of Msx 2 suppressed the mRNA level and enzyme activity of ALP that were induced by BMP 2 stimulation , and suppressed the Dlx 5 stimulated ALP promoter activity by competing with Dlx 5 for the cis acting element in the ALP promoter . ^^^ In other words , Msx 2 in high levels counteracts initially the transcriptional activity of Dlx 5 in low levels until a threshold Dlx 5 : Msx 2 ratio is reached to the levels that allow the ALP stimulatory activity of Dlx 5 to prevail . ^^^ Thus , Dlx 5 transactivates ALP expression , directly by binding to its cognate response element and / or indirectly by stimulating Runx 2 expression , and Msx 2 counteracts the direct transactivation of Dlx5 . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Dlx 3 transcriptional regulation of osteoblast differentiation : temporal recruitment of Msx 2 , Dlx 3 , and Dlx 5 homeodomain proteins to chromatin of the osteocalcin gene . ^^^ Genetic studies show that Msx 2 and Dlx 5 homeodomain ( HD ) proteins support skeletal development , but null mutation of the closely related Dlx 3 gene results in early embryonic lethality . ^^^ We characterized gene regulation by Dlx 3 in relation to that of Msx 2 and Dlx 5 during osteoblast differentiation . ^^^ The transcriptionally repressed OC gene was occupied by Msx 2 in proliferating osteoblasts , while Dlx 3 , Dlx 5 , and Runx 2 were recruited postproliferatively to initiate transcription . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , the role of Runx 2 on gene expression of transcription factors , AJ 18 , Msx 2 , and Dlx 5 , was examined in vitro . ^^^ It is known that AJ 18 and Msx 2 act as repressors to inhibit activity of Runx 2 , whereas Dlx 5 promotes its activity . ^^^ Real time reverse transcription PCR analysis showed that , in exogenous Runx 2 overexpressing C 26 cells ( C 26 Rx ) , AJ 18 expression increased 1 . 8 fold , Msx 2 expression increased 3 . 0 fold , and Dlx 5 expression increased 2 . 7 fold compared to the cells transfected with vector alone ( C 26 Co ) . ^^^ These results suggest that the existence of autoregulatory feed back loops , which inhibit Runx 2 activity through the interaction of AJ 18 , Dlx 5 , and Msx 2 cooperating with that of MGP and OPN , interferes with the differentiation of C 26 cells toward mature osteoblasts . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Gene expression of runx 2 , Osterix , c fos , DLX 3 , DLX 5 , and MSX 2 in dental follicle cells during osteogenic differentiation in vitro . ^^^ DLX 3 , DLX 5 , runx 2 , and MSX 2 are differentially expressed during osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells . ^^^ In dental follicle cells , gene expression of runx 2 , DLX 5 , and MSX 2 was unaffected during osteogenic differentiation in vitro . ^^^ Osteogenic differentiation appeared to be independent of MSX 2 expression ; the same was true of runx 2 and DLX 5 , which were protagonists of osteogenic differentiation and osteocalcin promoter activity in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The disruption of cell contacts temporarily delayed onset of gene expression but by 48 h both Msx 2 and Dlx 5 were expressed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To verify the cell lineage after LIPUS stimulation , mRNA expression of cellular phenotype specific markers characterizing osteoblasts ( Runx 2 , Msx 2 , Dlx 5 , AJ 18 ) , chondroblasts ( Sox 9 ) , myoblasts ( MyoD ) , and adipocytes ( C / EBP , PPARgamma ) was studied using real time polymerase chain reaction analysis . ^^^ The mRNA expression of Runx 2 , Msx 2 , Dlx 5 , AJ 18 , and Sox 9 was increased markedly by the LIPUS stimulation , whereas the expression of MyoD , C / EBP , and PPARgamma was drastically decreased . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P56178 and P35548 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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