| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The glucose transporter GLUT 4 and hexokinase 2 ( HK 2 ) are the main isoforms of proteins involved in glucose transport and phosphorylation in insulin sensitive tissues , adipose tissue , skeletal muscle , and heart . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Low frequency stimulation of rat fast twitch muscle enhances the expression of hexokinase 2 and both the translocation and expression of glucose transporter 4 ( GLUT 4 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effects of hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia on GLUT 4 and hexokinase 2 mRNA and protein in rat skeletal muscle and adipose tissue . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using these MLC GLUT 4 transgenic mice as a model , we investigated the effects of increased glucose flux on hexokinase 2 ( HK 2 ) gene expression in skeletal muscle . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Regulation of glucose transporter GLUT 4 and hexokinase 2 gene transcription by insulin and epinephrine . ^^^ Transport of glucose across the plasma membrane by GLUT 4 and subsequent phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase 2 ( HKII ) constitute the first two steps of glucose utilization in skeletal muscle . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Phenotype of transgenic mice overexpressing GLUT 4 and hexokinase 2 in muscle . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| For instance , it is increased in chronic contraction or exercise training in association with elevated expression of GLUT 4 and hexokinase 2 ( HK 2 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Glucose entering the muscle cell through GLUT 4 and phosphorylated by hexokinase 2 is mainly directed to glycogen synthesis and glycolysis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Physical training led to a marked increase in protein expression of GLUT 4 ( 378+ / 85 % ) , glycogen synthase ( 526+ / 146 % ) , and hexokinase 2 ( 204+ / 47 % ) in vastus lateralis muscle , whereas phosphofructokinase expression ( 282+ / 97 % ) was not significantly changed . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In contrast , the expression of genes coding for proteins involved in glucose uptake and metabolism , i . e . , glucose transporter GLUT 4 , hexokinase 2 , and glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase , remained constant or even declined under these conditions . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In contrast , the increase in G 6 P level in the exercise trained group was accompanied by increased GLUT 4 protein content and hexokinase 2 ( cytosolic ) and GS activities . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Glucose transporters GLUT 1 and GLUT 4 facilitate glucose uptake across cardiac plasma membranes , and hexokinase 2 ( HKII ) is the predominant hexokinase isoform in adult cardiac tissue . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mRNA levels of insulin receptor , p 85 alpha phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase ( p 85 alpha PI 3K ) , insulin dependent glucose transporter ( Glut 4 ) , hexokinase 2 , glycogen synthase , lipoprotein lipase ( LPL ) in muscle and in adipose tissue , hormone sensitive lipase and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma ( PPAR gamma ) in adipose tissue were quantified by RT competitive PCR . ^^^ Insulin significantly increased p 85 alpha PI 3K , hexokinase 2 and Glut 4 mRNA levels in muscle both before and after rhGH treatment . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Remarkably , GK treated rats showed increased expression of both hexokinase 2 ( HKII ) and GLUT 4 , in accordance with a glucose dependent regulation of these proteins . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| After 1 week of daily injections , 5 aminoimidazole 4 carboxamide ribonucleoside treatment corrected hyperglycaemia , improved glucose tolerance , and increased GLUT 4 and hexokinase 2 protein expression in skeletal muscle , but had deleterious effects on plasma non esterified fatty acids and triglycerides . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Long term ( 5 days ) expression of the constitutively active AMPK mutant increased protein expression of GLUT 1 , GLUT 4 and hexokinase 2 , consistent with previous reports on the chronic treatment of rats with AICA riboside . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Analysis revealed a coordinated regulation at key steps in glucose and lipid metabolism , mitochondrial electron transport , transcriptional regulation , and protein trafficking . mRNAs for all of the enzymes of the fatty acid beta oxidation pathway were increased , whereas those for GLUT 4 , hexokinase 2 , the E 1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex , and subunits of all four complexes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain were all coordinately down regulated . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Activation of AMPK has been associated with enhanced expression of key metabolic proteins such as GLUT 4 , hexokinase 2 ( HKII ) , and mitochondrial enzymes , similar to exercise . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| C57Bl / 6J mice overexpressing GLUT 4 , hexokinase 2 ( HK 2 ) , or both were used to determine the barriers to MGU . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Thus , chow fed C57BL / 6J mice with a GLUT 4 partial knockout ( GLUT 4 ( + / ) ) , hexokinase 2 overexpression ( HK ( Tg ) ) , or both ( HK ( Tg ) + GLUT 4 ( + / ) ) and wild type littermates were studied . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Thus , C57BL / 6J mice with hexokinase 2 ( HKII ) overexpression ( HK ( Tg ) ) , a GLUT 4 partial knock out ( G 4 ( + / ) ) , or both ( HK ( Tg ) + G 4 ( + / ) ) and wild type ( WT ) littermates were implanted with carotid artery and jugular vein catheters for sampling and infusions at 4 months of age . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| C57Bl / 6J mice overexpressing GLUT 4 ( GLUT 4 ( Tg ) ) , hexokinase 2 ( HK ( Tg ) ) , or both ( GLUT 4 ( Tg ) + HK ( Tg ) ) , were compared to wild type ( WT ) littermates . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| GLUT 4 protein was increased approximately 80 % , GLUT 4 mRNA was increased approximately 2 . 5 fold , MEF2A protein was increased twofold , and hexokinase 2 protein was increased approximately 2 . 5 fold 18 h after the last exercise bout . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Myostatin , IGF 1 , glucose transporter 4 ( GLUT 4 ) , hexokinase 2 ( HK 2 ) and hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase ( HAD ) mRNA levels were determined by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) in gastrocnemius , vastus lateralis and soleus muscles . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| GLUT 4 , hexokinase 2 ( HKII ) , and glycogen synthase mRNA expression was increased in Tg Prkag 3 ( 225Q ) mice after exercise . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Three muscles [ soleus ( Sol ) , gastrocnemius / plantaris ( Gc ) , and white vastus ] were excised , and HK 2 mRNA , GLUT 4 mRNA , total HK ( HK 1 and HK 2 ) and heat stable HK ( predominantly HK 1 ) activities were assessed . ^^^ In contrast to HK 2 mRNA , Gc GLUT 4 mRNA was unchanged at 0 , 3 , 8 , and 24 h after the cessation of 90 min of exercise . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The ontogenesis of the glucose transporters GLUT 1 , GLUT 2 , and GLUT 4 and the hexokinases HK 1 , HK 2 , and HK 4 ( glucokinase ) was studied in rat tissues . ^^^ In brown adipose tissue , high levels of GLUT 4 and HK 2 were observed during fetal life ; both decreased at birth and then increased throughout development . ^^^ At birth , cold exposure increased GLUT 4 and HK 2 expression in brown adipose tissue , whereas fasting decreased it . ^^^ GLUT 1 and HK 1 were present in fetal muscle , but GLUT 4 and HK 2 were absent . ^^^ The coordinate appearance of GLUT 4 and HK 2 in skeletal muscle was concomitant with the acquisition of insulin sensitivity after weaning . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , GLUT 4 and HK 2 mRNA levels were significantly lowered in the exercised human skeletal muscle in subjects receiving the carbohydrate diet . ^^^ In conclusion , the present study demonstrates that GLUT 4 mRNA and HK 2 mRNA in the exercised human skeletal muscle were significantly lowered by a high carbohydrate diet . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We analyzed the expression of genes that regulate the exogenous FA supply ( LPL , FAT / CD36 , FATP 1 ) , synthesis ( ACC 1 ) , glucose ( GLUT 4 , GLUT 1 , HK 2 , GFAT 1 , glycogen phosphorylase ) or glycerol ( glycerol kinase ) provision , or substrate choice for oxidation ( PDK 4 ) in gastrocnemius and soleus muscles at the end of the glucose tolerance test . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The tissues of diabetic mice compared with control mice demonstrated a reduction of HKII mRNA abundance of 68 % in epididymal fat ( P = 0 . 0001 ) and 34 % in the quadriceps muscles ( P < 0 . 001 ) , with concordant reduction in the abundance of GLUT 4 mRNA of 60 % in epididymal fat ( P < 0 . 001 ) . ^^^ In comparison with the results in untreated diabetic mice , diabetic animals treated with the insulin sensitizing drug pioglitazone demonstrated an increase in the abundance of HKII mRNA with a concordant increase of GLUT 4 mRNA in epididymal fat ( P = 0 . 03 and < 0 . 01 , respectively ) , and an increase of HKII mRNA in the quadriceps muscles ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Exercise increased the mRNA content of PGC 1alpha , Forkhead box class O ( FOXO ) 1 , HKII , and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 ( PDK 4 ) similarly in alpha 2 WT and alpha 2 KO mice , whereas glucose transporter GLUT 4 , carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 ( CPTI ) , lipoprotein lipase , and UCP 3 mRNA were unchanged by exercise in both genotypes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P52789 and P14672 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|