Pubmed abstracts for Protein-Protein Interaction search result :

Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.82622522
The gp 120 glycoproteins of the adapted viruses bound CCR 5 directly , without prior interaction with CD 4 . 0.82622522^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.8832219
Interactions of CCR 5 and CXCR 4 with CD 4 and gp 120 in human blood monocyte derived dendritic cells . 0.8832219^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.56250838
CCR 5 , when expressed along with CD 4 , the HIV 1 receptor , allowed cell lines resistant to most primary HIV 1 isolates to be infected . 0.56250838^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.66856288
A gp 120 fragment retaining the CD 4 binding site and overlapping epitopes was able to interact with CCR 5 only if the V 3 loop , which can specify HIV 1 tropism and chemokine receptor choice , was also present on the molecule . 0.66856288^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.67910694
The alpha chemokine receptor fusin ( CXCR 4 ) and beta chemokine receptor CCR 5 serve as entry cofactors for T cell ( T ) tropic and macrophage ( M ) tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) strains , respectively , when expressed with CD 4 in otherwise nonpermissive cells . 0.67910694^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.98387134
The chemokine receptors CXCR 4 and CCR 5 have recently been shown to act as coreceptors , in concert with CD 4 , for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) infection . 0.98387134^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.62569635
The chemokine receptors CXCR 4 , CCR2B , CCR 3 , and CCR 5 have recently been shown to serve along with CD 4 as coreceptors for HIV 1 . 0.62569635^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.82801934
Thus , CCR 5 binding moieties on the immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein can be generated by interaction with CD 4 or by direct interaction with the CCR 5 amino terminus . 0.82801934^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.51357958
However , CD 4 co precipitated with CCR 5 and CXCR 4 monomers , but not with the high molecular weight forms of CXCR 4 , indicating that the high molecular weight CXCR 4 species in macrophages are not available for association with CD 4 , which may contribute to the inefficient entry of T tropic strains into mature macrophages . . 0.51357958^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.5769786
With rare exceptions , all simian immunodeficiency virus ( SIV ) strains can use CCR 5 as a coreceptor along with CD 4 for viral infection . 0.5769786^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :1.1228574
These studies showed three categories of effects on CCR 5 function . 1 ) Mutations in the first extracellular domain of CCR 5 severely reduce specific ligand binding and chemokine induced chemotaxis . 2 ) An extracellular domain variant , A29S , when co expressed with CD 4 , supported HIV 1 infection whereas the others do not . 3 ) The transmembrane region variants of CCR 5 support monotropic HIV 1 infection that is blocked by addition of some receptor agonists . 1.1228574^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.96252961
Here , we provide evidence that CD 4 is specifically associated with CCR 5 in the absence of gp 120 or any other receptor specific ligand . 0.96252961^^^ The amount of CD 4 coimmunoprecipitated with CCR 5 was significantly higher than that with the other major HIV coreceptor , CXCR 4 , and in contrast to CXCR 4 the CD 4 CCR5 coimmunoprecipitation was not significantly increased by gp 120 . 0.8561009^^^ Constitutive cell surface association between CD 4 and CCR 5 . 0.77170132^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.61196687
Macrophages are a preferred target for sexually transmitted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) isolates that use CCR 5 as a coreceptor in combination with CD 4 . 0.61196687^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.52006598
These studies indicate the existence of reciprocal receptor cross desensitization between CD 4 and CCR 5 induced by two proinflammatory cytokines and suggest a selective relationship between the two receptors . . 0.52006598^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.68031126
The chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 act synergistically with CD 4 in an ordered multistep mechanism to allow the binding and entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) . 0.68031126^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.73879529
Furthermore , the CCR 5 Nt binds to a CD 4 induced surface on gp 120 that is composed of conserved residues in the V 3 loop stem and the C 4 domain . 0.73879529^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.70781186
In this report we show that a variant of HIV 2 / NIHz , termed HIV 2 / vcp , previously shown to utilize CXCR 4 without CD 4 , is also CD 4 independent on rhesus ( rh ) CCR 5 , but requires CD 4 to fuse with human ( hu ) CCR 5 . 0.70781186^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.53408593
We then attempted to incorporate CD 4 , a protein with a single transmembrane helix and a large hydrophilic ectodomain into liposomal membranes , together with CCR 5 . 0.53408593^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.6440768
A SHIV strain termed SHIV JRFL could enter cells via CD 4 with a chemokine receptor CCR 5 , not CXCR 4 , and the viral replication was suppressed by recombinant human RANTES , one of beta chemokines . 0.6440768^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :1.0102419
The chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 serve as the cellular receptors in conjunction with CD 4 for HIV 1 entry and infection of target cells . 1.0102419^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Nevertheless , CCR 5 or CCR 5306 , when coexpressed with CD 4 , supported comparable HIV 1 Env mediated cell fusion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Infection with HIV 1 requires expression of CD 4 and the chemokine receptors CXCR 4 or CCR 5 at the target cell surface . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Besides CD 4 , they express the chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , the common coreceptors of HIV . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The efficiency of the entry was compared with the entry taking place in CD 4 positive cells expressing either CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All three isolates used the CCR 5 coreceptor for entry into the human osteosarcoma ( HOS ) CD 4 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These MDM expressed CD 4 , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , the major coreceptors for HIV macrophage and T cell tropic isolates , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CCR 5 without CD 4 present did not allow for detectable infection by any of the tested recombinants . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The peptide incorporates elements of both the conserved CD 4 and CCR 5 binding sites . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PCR analysis indicated that mRNAs specific for CD 4 , CXCR 4 and CCR 5 proteins were absent , too . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to CD 4 , different gp 120 isolates bind to the alpha or beta chemokine receptors CXCR 4 and CCR 5 , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Of interest , injection of hu PBLs into SCID mice resulted in a marked up regulation of CCR 5 on human CD 4 ( + ) T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DCs express CD 4 and several chemokine receptors , such as CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , which are important for viral entry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although R 5 viruses are present in the latent reservoir , CCR 5 was not expressed at high levels on resting CD 4 ( + ) T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MAbs that inhibited gp 120 binding to CD 4 , CCR 5 , or both were identified in both groups . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To address this issue we phenotyped 35 selected hematopoietic cell lines for the expression of CD 4 , CXCR 4 and CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , treating monocytes with CD40LT caused CCR 5 and CD 4 to be downregulated from the cell surface . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CCR 5 and CXC chemokine receptor 4 ( CXCR 4 ) are coreceptors for CD 4 as defined by HIV 1 glycoprotein ( gp ) 120 binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HSY was weakly positive for surface CD 4 , and also expressed mRNA for CD 4 and CCR 5 , as did HEC 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , RT PCR revealed the presence of CXCR 4 and CCR 5 mRNA , but not CD 4 in HLMEC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : The number of CCR 5 and CXCR 4 molecules on CD 4 lymphocytes in the LN were significantly higher than in PBMC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Peripheral blood CD 4 ( + ) T cells obtained from individuals heterozygous for this allele expressed very low levels of CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , CCR 5 is expressed on 3 10 % of CD 4 and 10 40 % of CD 8 positive T cells and is weakly detectable on monocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CCR 5 expression levels on ex vivo activated CD 4 ( + ) lymphocytes did not correlate with markers of disease progression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There was a suggestion that having the protective CCR 5 genotype also was associated with a better long term CD 4 cell response . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Most of intrahepatic CCR 6 ( + ) CD 4 ( + ) cells were also positive for CCR 5 , which is known to express on T helper 1 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fresh Langerhans cells are known to express CD 4 and CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both DC populations expressed CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These progenitors expressed CCR 3 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 , as well as low levels of CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CCR 1 , CCR 2 , CCR 3 , CCR 5 , CCR 6 , CCR 7 , and CCR 8 mRNA is expressed by normal CD 4 ( + ) T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Coreceptor use was tested on human cell lines , expressing CD 4 together with CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , and other chemokine receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Uninfected syncytiotrophoblast cells were found to express CXCR 4 and CCR 3 but not CD 4 or CCR 5 receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These data confirm that MCP 2 is a ligand for CCR 5 on CD 4 ( + ) lymphocytes and can specifically block R 5 HIV 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV 1 typically uses CD 4 and a co receptor such as CCR 5 or CXCR 4 to enter cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CC chemokine receptor 5 ( CCR 5 ) is expressed preferentially by CD 4 ( + ) T helper 1 ( Th 1 ) cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV infection of Langerhans cells is regulated by surface expression of CD 4 and CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
FDCs had little effect on CCR 5 or CD 4 expression but increased CXCR 4 expression on CD 4 T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to DNA measurements , concomitant serum HIV RNA levels , CD 4 cell counts and CCR 5 genotypes were determined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Subsequently , CCR 5 expression on CD 4 cells was induced . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD 4 and the chemokine receptors , CXCR 4 and CCR 5 , serve as receptors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Provision of mouse cells with human CD 4 , CCR 5 and cyclin T 1 ( cycT 1 ) has uncovered a block to HIV assembly or release . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
D Ala Peptide T amide ( DAPTA ) , the first viral entry inhibitor , blocks chemokine ( CCR 5 ) receptors , not CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A fluorescent retrocyclin congener localized in cell surface patches either alone or colocalized with CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD4 and GHOST ( 3 ) , expressing CD 4 and CCR 1 , CCR2b , CCR 3 , CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , CXCR 6 or BOB . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Only CCR 5 and CXCR 4 expression was different on the surface of the subsets ( CD 4 , CD 8 , and CD 14 ) evaluated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Blockade of CD 4 alone or CCR 5 and CXCR 4 together inhibited localized mucosal infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A major change in gp 120 following binding to CD 4 is the enhanced exposure of the CCR 5 binding site . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
JC 53 BL cells are modified HeLa cells that express surface CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cellular proliferation of HIV 1 requires the cooperative assistance of both the CCR 5 and CD 4 receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Several inhibitors of CD 4 , co receptor CCR 5 or CXCR 4 and fusion are at various levels of clinical development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV 1 enters these cells by the CD 4 receptor and mainly the CCR 5 coreceptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Also , CCR 5 was fourfold higher on CD 14 ( + ) pleural mononuclear cells than on CD 4 ( + ) lymphocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The three cell lines were shown to express on their surface the CXCR 4 and GalCer molecules , but not the CD 4 and CCR 5 ones . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , CD 4 ( + ) lymphocytes from LTNPs having anti CCR 5 antibodies are resistance to R 5 strains of HIV 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Whole saliva had no effect on the expression level of the cellular receptors ( CD 4 , CXCR 4 and CCR 5 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is a major coreceptor with CD 4 glycoprotein mediating cellular entry of CCR 5 strains of HIV 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treatment with HMBA did not alter expression of the HIV coreceptors , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , in PBMCs but down regulated CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CXCR 3 , CCR 1 , CCR 2 and CCR 5 on CD 4 and CD 8 T cells and CD 14 monocytes were evaluated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV enters cells via the CD 4 molecule , chemokine co receptors ( CXCR 4 , CCR 5 ) , and other cell surface proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated possible interactions between HIV 1 receptor ( CD 4 ) and the main coreceptors CXCR 4 and CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Colorectal explant CD 4 T cells expressed higher CCR 5 and CXCR 4 levels compared with blood . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CCR 5 inhibitors may thus be best strategically used before salvage therapy and before significant CD 4 + T cell depletion . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , using single round replication competent reporter viruses carrying the envelope genes of T cell line tropic or macrophage tropic phenotypic recombinant and mutant HIV 1 strains in infection of stable cell lines that coexpress the CD 4 and chemokine receptors , we were unable to establish a strict correlation between macrophage tropism and utilization of the CC CKR 5 chemokine receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Researchers demonstrated that these HIV 1 strains require , in addition to CD 4 , a cell surface molecule called CC CKR 5 in order to fuse with the membranes of immune system cells . ^^^ The NIAID researchers found that macrophage tropic isolates ( the strains found in patients during the symptom free stage of HIV disease ) failed to fuse with cells expressing only CD 4 , but fused with cells that have both CD 4 and CC CKR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 dependencies for infections by primary patient and laboratory adapted isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 . ^^^ We have used a focal infectivity method to quantitatively analyze the CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 dependencies for infections by diverse primary patient ( PR ) and laboratory adapted ( LA ) isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) . ^^^ When assayed in HeLa CD 4 cells transfected with an expression vector for CCR 5 , macrophage tropic HIV 1 isolates that had been molecularly cloned shortly after removal from patients were equally infectious for cells that had low or high CD 4 quantities . ^^^ In contrast , macrophage tropic HIV 1 appears to interact weakly with CD 4 although it can infect cells that coexpress CCR 5 and small quantities of CD 4 . ^^^ We propose that cooperative binding of macrophage tropic HIV 1 onto CCR 5 and CD 4 may enhance virus adsorption and infectivity for cells that have only a trace of CD4 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CONCLUSIONS : These data support recent findings that members of the chemokine family , including CCR 5 and LESTR / Fusin ( CXCR 4 ) , function as coreceptors in combination with CD 4 for HIV 1 invasion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Simian immunodeficiency virus ( SIV ) productively infects human cells expressing CD 4 and the human allele of the chemokine coreceptor CCR 5 as efficiently as it infects macaque cells expressing human CD 4 , suggesting that SIV can function with either a simian or a human coreceptor in conjunction with human CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The CXCR 4 chemokine receptor and CD 4 behave as coreceptors for cell line adapted human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 ( HIV 1 and HIV 2 ) and for dual tropic HIV strains , which also use the CCR 5 coreceptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have shown that HIV89 . 6 can utilize both the M tropic and T tropic cofactors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , respectively , in conjunction with CD 4 for fusion and entry into otherwise nonpermissive nonhuman cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ligation of CCR 5 by the CC chemokines RANTES , MIP 1alpha or MIP 1beta , and of CXCR 4 by the CXC chemokine SDF 1alpha , profoundly inhibits the replication of HIV strains that use these coreceptors for entry into CD 4 ( + ) T lymphocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Clinical isolates of primate immunodeficiency viruses , including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) , enter target cells by sequential binding to CD 4 and the chemokine receptor CCR 5 , a member of the seven transmembrane receptor family . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Antigen driven C C chemokine mediated HIV 1 suppression by CD 4 ( + ) T cells from exposed uninfected individuals expressing the wild type CCR 5 allele . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The beta chemokine receptor CCR 5 is essential for the efficient entry of primary macrophage tropic HIV 1 isolates into CD 4 ( + ) target cells . ^^^ To study CCR 5 dependent cell to cell fusion , we have developed an assay system based on the infection of CD 4 ( + ) CCR 5 ( + ) HeLa cells with a Semliki Forest virus recombinant expressing the gp120 / gp41 envelope ( Env ) from a primary clade B HIV 1 isolate ( BX 08 ) , or from a laboratory T cell line adapted strain ( LAI ) . ^^^ The domains in gp120 / gp41 involved in the interaction with the CD 4 and CCR 5 molecules were probed using monoclonal antibodies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : Recent research has found that entry of non syncytium inducing ( NSI ) , monocyte macrophage tropic HIV 1 isolates requires binding to both CD 4 and CCR 5 receptors , and that delta 32 / delta 32 homozygous individuals are protected against infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Envelope glycoproteins from human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 and simian immunodeficiency virus can use human CCR 5 as a coreceptor for viral entry and make direct CD 4 dependent interactions with this chemokine receptor . ^^^ The competition is dependent on binding of the SU glycoprotein to cell surface CD 4 and implies a direct interaction between envelope glycoproteins and CCR 5 . ^^^ Soluble CD 4 was found to potentiate binding of the HIV 2 ST and SIVmac 239 envelope glycoproteins to CCR 5 , suggesting that a CD 4 induced conformational change in SU is required for subsequent binding to CCR 5 . ^^^ These data suggest a common fundamental mechanism by which structurally diverse HIV 1 , HIV 2 , and SIV envelope glycoproteins interact with CD 4 and CCR 5 to mediate viral entry . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The chemokine receptor CCR 5 binds macrophage inflammatory protein ( MIP ) 1alpha , MIP 1beta , and regulated on activation , normal T cell expressed and secreted ( RANTES ) , and constitutes the major co receptor allowing infection of CD 4 ( + ) T lymphocytes , macrophages , and microglial cells by macrophage tropic strains of human and simian immunodeficiency virus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , and possibly CCR 3 , are the principal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) coreceptors , apparently interacting with HIV 1 envelope , in association with CD 4 . ^^^ One HIV 2 isolate replicating in normal or CCR 5 negative PBMC failed to infect CXCR 4+ cells or the U87MG CD 4 and sMAGI cell lines , which are permissive to infection by HIV 2 but not by HIV 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Macrophage tropic ( M tropic ) HIV 1 strains utilize the chemokine receptor CCR 5 in conjunction with CD 4 to infect cells , while T cell tropic ( T tropic ) strains generally utilize CXCR 4 as a coreceptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The relations among serum HIV RNA levels , CD 4 cell counts , presence of the mutant CCR 5 allele in heterozygous form , and clinical outcome was analyzed in 96 patients from the Copenhagen AIDS Cohort . ^^^ In the early years of the infection , patients with the CCR 5 delta32 / CCR5 genotype had significantly lower HIV RNA levels ( p = 0 . 005 ) and higher CD 4 cell counts ( p < 0 . 005 ) than did patients homozygous for the normal allele . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mice transgenic for human CD 4 and CCR 5 are susceptible to HIV infection . ^^^ Expression of human CD 4 transgene does not render mice susceptible to HIV infection because of structural differences between human and mouse CCR 5 . ^^^ To ascertain whether expression of human CD 4 and CCR 5 is sufficient to make murine T lymphocytes susceptible to HIV infection , the lck promoter was used to direct the T cell specific expression of human CD 4 and CCR 5 in transgenic mice . ^^^ Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and splenocytes isolated from these mice expressed human CD 4 and CCR 5 and were infectible with selected M tropic HIV isolates . ^^^ This indicated that although transgenic expression of human CD 4 and CCR 5 permitted entry of HIV into the mouse cells , significant HIV infection was prevented by other blocks to HIV replication present in mouse cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD 4 independent , CCR 5 dependent infection of brain capillary endothelial cells by a neurovirulent simian immunodeficiency virus strain . ^^^ We found that the envelope ( env ) proteins from SIV / 17E Fr and several additional SIV strains mediated cell cell fusion and virus infection with CD 4 negative , CCR 5 positive cells . ^^^ These results show that CCR 5 can serve as a primary receptor for SIV in BCECs and suggest a possible CD 4 independent mechanism for blood brain barrier disruption and viral entry into the central nervous system . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 are co receptors together with CD 4 for human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) 1 entry into target cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , in combination with CD 4 , mediate cellular entry of macrophage tropic ( M tropic ) and T cell tropic strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) , respectively , while dualtropic viruses can use either receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effects of CCR 5 and CD 4 cell surface concentrations on infections by macrophagetropic isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 . ^^^ To study these issues and to generate stable clones of adherent cells able to efficiently titer diverse isolates of HIV 1 , we generated two panels of HeLa CD4 / CCR5 cells in which individual clones express either large or small quantities of CD 4 and distinct amounts of CCR 5 . ^^^ The panels were made by transducing parental HeLa CD 4 cells with the retroviral vector SFF CCR 5 . ^^^ In cells with a large amount of CD 4 , an unexpectedly low trace of CCR 5 ( between 7 10 10 ( 2 ) and 2 . 0 10 10 ( 3 ) molecules / cell ) was sufficient for maximal susceptibility to all tested HIV 1 , including primary patient macrophagetropic and T cell tropic isolates . ^^^ In contrast , cells with a small amount of CD 4 required a much larger quantity of CCR 5 for maximal infection by macrophagetropic HIV 1 ( ca . 1 . 0 10 10 ( 4 ) to 2 . 0 10 10 ( 4 ) molecules / cell ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results indicate that the major restriction of M tropic HIV 1 infection in promonocytic cells occurs at the fusion / entry level , that differentiation into macrophage like phenotypes renders some of these cells highly susceptible to infection with M tropic HIV 1 , and that CD 4 and CCR 5 may not be the only determinants of fusion / entry of M tropic HIV 1 in these cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The large majority of anti CD3 / B7 . 1 activated cord blood CD8+ T cells coexpress CD 4 , the primary HIV receptor , as well as CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , the coreceptors used by M and T tropic HIV 1 strains , respectively , to enter target cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) infection requires binding of the envelope protein gp 120 to host CD 4 receptors and the action of the chemokine receptors CXCR 4 or CCR 5 , which define cell tropism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cellular infection by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) requires interaction of the viral envelope protein with CD 4 and at least one additional cell surface molecule , termed a `` cofactor ' ' or `` coreceptor . ' ' Recent discoveries have determined that macrophage tropic strains of HIV 1 which are largely responsible for sexual transmission require the beta chemokine receptor CCR 5 in addition to CD 4 , while the T cell tropic viruses that emerge later after infection use the alpha chemokine receptor CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Supernatants from CD40L stimulated macrophages protected CD 4 ( + ) T cells from infection by a nonsyncytium inducing strain of HIV 1 ( which uses CCR 5 as a coreceptor ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results suggest that immunization with SIV grown in human CD 4 ( + ) T cells induces CD 8 suppressor factor , RANTES , MIP 1alpha and MIP 1beta which may block CCR 5 receptors and prevent the virus from binding and fusion to CD 4 ( + ) cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The entry of SIVmac 239 , which uses the same coreceptors ( CD4 / CCR5 ) as HIV 1 , was not inhibited by FP 21399 , indicating that the antiviral effect of FP 21399 is specific for the HIV 1 envelope glycoprotein and is not dependent upon the cellular receptors CD 4 and CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show here that 10 % of fresh circulating B cells from HIV 1 seronegative donors ( 1 ) express the CD 4 receptor and CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , two recently described coreceptors for HIV 1 and ( 2 ) are permissive to HIV 1 with de novo proviral DNA integration following ex vivo infection by either SI ( syncytium inducing ) or NSI ( non syncytium inducing ) isolates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Other characteristics did not differ at study entry by CCR 5 genotype , including median CD 4 cell counts , plasma RNA levels , and infectious HIV 1 titers in circulating cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rabbit cells expressing human CD 4 and human CCR 5 are highly permissive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection . ^^^ To evaluate the feasibility of using transgenic rabbits expressing CCR 5 and CD 4 as a small animal model of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV ) disease , we examined whether the expression of the human chemokine receptor ( CCR 5 ) and human CD 4 would render a rabbit cell line ( SIRC ) permissive to HIV replication . ^^^ Histologically , SIRC cells expressing CD 4 and CCR 5 formed multinucleated cells ( syncytia ) upon exposure to BaL , a macrophagetropic strain of HIV that uses CCR 5 for cell entry . ^^^ Intracellular viral capsid p 24 staining showed abundant viral gene expression in BaL infected SIRC cells expressing CD 4 and CCR 5 . ^^^ In contrast , neither SIRC cells expressing CD 4 alone nor murine 3T3 cells expressing CCR 5 and CD 4 exhibited significant expression of p 24 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although infection by primary HIV type 1 ( HIV 1 ) isolates normally requires the functional interaction of the viral envelope protein with both CD 4 and the CCR 5 coreceptor , a subset of such isolates also are able to use the distinct CCR 3 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have investigated the role of the recently described mutation in CCR2b named 64I in relation to HIV resistance , CD 4 T cell counts , and disease progression in Danish individuals by polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) based methods as well as sequenced full length CXCR 4 and CCR 5 genes from HIV infected long term nonprogressors for possible mutations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The chemokine receptor CCR 5 can function as a coreceptor for human immunodeficiency virus 1 ( HIV 1 ) entry into CD 4 ( + ) T cells and macrophages , especially during the early stages of HIV 1 infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Macrophage inflammatory protein ( MIP ) 1alpha , MIP 1beta , and RANTES ( regulated on activation , normal T cell expressed and secreted ) , which are the natural ligands of the CC chemokine receptor CCR 5 , inhibit replication of MT 2 negative strains of HIV 1 by interfering with the ability of these strains to utilize CCR 5 as a coreceptor for entry in CD 4 ( + ) cells . ^^^ Supernatants derived from cultures of CD 16 cross linked NK cells stimulated with IL 2 or IL 15 dramatically inhibited entry of a MT 2 negative strain of HIV , BaL , in the CD 4 ( + ) CCR 5 ( + ) PM 1 T cell line . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CCR 5 and CCR 3 are coreceptors together with CD 4 for HIV 1 infection of microglia , the major target for HIV 1 infection in the CNS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
True primary strains of SIVsm , obtained from the naturally infected simian host , the sooty mangabey , use simian and human CCR 5 in a strongly CD 4 dependent manner . ^^^ However , some brain and lymphoid isolates from the experimental simian host , the macaque use CCR 5 independently of CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Signal transductions by the dual function CXCR 4 and CCR 5 chemokine receptors / HIV type 1 ( HIV 1 ) coreceptors were electrophysiologically monitored in Xenopus laevis oocytes that also coexpressed the viral receptor CD 4 and a G protein coupled inward rectifying K+ channel ( Kir 3 . 1 ) . ^^^ In contrast to chemokines , perfusion with monomeric or oligomeric preparations of the glycoprotein of Mr 120 , 000 ( gp 120 ) derived from several isolates of HIV 1 did not activate signaling by CXCR 4 or CCR 5 regardless of CD 4 coexpression . ^^^ However , adsorption of the gp 120 from a T cell tropic virus resulted in CD 4 dependent antagonism of CXCR 4 response to SDF 1alpha , whereas gp 120 from macrophage tropic viruses caused CD 4 dependent antagonism of CCR 5 response to MIP 1alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Such properties were initially reported for the cellular chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , which behave as CD 4 associated HIV 1 coreceptors . ^^^ We found that coexpression of US 28 and either CXCR 4 or CCR 5 in CD 4 ( + ) cells resulted in enhanced synctium formation with HIV 1 Env+ cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DESIGN : We analyzed 70 long term slow progressors ( diagnosis > 8 years previously ; CD 4 count > 500 / microl ; asymptomatic , never received antiretroviral therapy ) for CCR 5 genotype , plasma viral load , and lymphocyte subsets . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It differentially regulates the two major HIV 1 coreceptors , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells , increasing CXCR 4 and decreasing CCR 5 expression in primary CD 4 ( + ) T lymphocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Today it is known that the presence of the CD 4 molecule on the cells does not suffice for them to be able to be infected , being necessary the presence of co receptors such as CCR 5 and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 are used by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) in conjunction with CD 4 to infect cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Most importantly , anti CD3 / B7 activated neonatal CD 8 T cells coexpress CD 4 as well as CCR 5 and CXCR 4 and are susceptible to HIV 1 infection in vitro . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 are major co receptors / receptors for the CD 4 dependent and CD 4 independent entry of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , most if not all simian immunodeficiency virus ( SIV ) strains use CCR 5 as a coreceptor , and many SIV strains can use CCR 5 independently of CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To explore this paradox , we stimulated CD45RA+ CD 4 ( + ) ( nave ) and CD45RO+ CD 4 ( + ) ( memory ) cells with antibodies to CD 3 and CD 28 and infected them with either CCR 5 dependent ( R 5 ) or CXCR 4 dependent ( X 4 ) HIV 1 isolates . ^^^ While both nave and memory CD 4 ( + ) subsets downregulated CCR 5 expression in response to CD 28 costimulation , only the memory cells produced high levels of the beta chemokines RANTES , MIP 1alpha , and MIP 1beta upon stimulation . ^^^ Neutralization of these beta chemokines rendered memory CD 4 ( + ) cells highly sensitive to infection with R 5 HIV 1 isolates , indicating that downregulation of CCR 5 is not sufficient to mediate complete protection from CCR 5 strains of HIV 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Fifty eight sequential primary isolates were obtained from four rapid progressors , six late progressors , and three long term nonprogressors ( LTNP ) and their coreceptor usage was examined by infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) from donors with wild type or non functional CC chemokine receptor ( CCR ) 5 , and by infection of GHOST 4 cells expressing CD 4 and various chemokine receptors [ CCR 1 CCR 5 , CXC chemokine receptor ( CXCR ) 4 , BOB / GPR15 , BONZO / STRL33 ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Conversely , broadening chemokine receptor usage from CCR 5 to both CCR 5 and CXCR 4 was associated with infection by a virus having a syncytium inducing phenotype and correlated with a faster rate of CD 4 T cell decline and progression of disease . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV entry into CD34+ progenitor cells could be modulated by soluble CD 4 , HIV gp 120 third variable loop neutralizing mAb and the cognate ligands for the CXCR 4 and CCR 5 HIV coreceptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Impact of heterozygosity for the chemokine receptor CCR 5 32 bp deleted allele on plasma virus load and CD 4 T lymphocytes in perinatally human immunodeficiency virus infected children at 8 years of age . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human lymphoblastoid CD 4 ( + ) T cells become permissive to macrophage tropic strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 after passage into severe combined immunodeficient mice through in vivo upregulation of CCR 5 : in vivo dynamics of CD 4 ( + ) T cell differentiation in pathogenesis of AIDS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Highly purified human CD 34 cells derived from umbilical cord blood were shown not to express CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 on their cell membranes , as analyzed by immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometric analyses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Compared with persons with a wild type genotype for CCR 2 and CCR 5 , subjects with a CCR 2 64I / + or 64I / 64I ( but CCR 5 wild type homozygous genotype ) had significantly delayed disease progression ( relative hazard , 0 . 66 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0 . 44 0 . 99 ) with a 1 . 5 fold slower CD 4 T lymphocyte decline and a 1 . 2 fold lower RNA virus load . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Peptide presented to the CD 4 CTLs increased their secretion of RANTES and MIP 1beta , suppressed M tropic HIV 1 replication , downmodulated CCR 5 expression , and preserved CTL recognition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The CCR 5 gene encodes a cell surface chemokine receptor molecule that serves as the principal coreceptor , with CD 4 , for macrophage tropic ( R 5 ) strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , the levels of CD 4 , CD 14 , CCR 5 , and HLA DR expression are comparable to those of serum derived MACs ( SER MACs ) . ^^^ Our results suggest that besides the role of CD 4 and CCR 5 other microenvironmental factors , e . g . , growth factors , cytokines , or hormones , which are not provided by the target cell itself , are involved in the regulation of MAC infection and of replication by HIV 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we demonstrated mRNA and cell surface expression of HIV 1 receptors CD 4 and the chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 in fractionated cells representing multiple stages of hematopoietic development . ^^^ Productive infection by HIV 1 via these receptors was observed with the notable exception of stem cells , in which case the presence of CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 , as documented by single cell analysis for expression and function , was insufficient for infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : The chemokine receptor , CCR 5 , has been identified as an essential co receptor with CD 4 , which permits entry of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) into mammalian cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interaction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein V 3 loop with CCR 5 and CD 4 at the membrane of human primary macrophages . ^^^ These data show that V3Cs binds to MDM membrane proteins that comprise CD 4 and CCR 5 , and that multimolecular complexes involving at least gp 120 V3 , CD 4 , and CCR 5 are formed on the surface of MDMs as part of V 3 mediated postbinding events occurring during HIV 1 infection . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , both macrophage tropic SIVmac 316 and T cell tropic SIVmac 239 , which in addition to CD 4 require CCR 5 coreceptor for entry , significantly enhanced early MEK / ERK , p 38 MAPK , and JNK signaling in Jurkat cells expressing constitutively or transiently the CCR 5 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The human chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 have emerged as the predominant cofactors , along with CD 4 , for cellular entry of HIV 1 in vivo whereas the contribution of other chemokine receptors to HIV disease has not been yet determined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found no evidence of a significant role for CCR 5 Delta32 mutation in this population , nor did CD 4 ( + ) cell susceptibility to infection or HIV specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes correlate with resistance to infection in the individuals tested . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These data provide further evidence for cytokine mediated regulation of CCR 5 expression and are consistent with a novel paradigm in which cytokines regulate HIV infection and leukocyte migration by reciprocal and opposing effects on the expression of CD 4 and chemokine receptors . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To this end , we sought to ( 1 ) phenotype human hematopoietic cells for CD 4 and the HIV 1 coreceptors CXCR 4 , CCR 5 , CCR 3 , and CCR2b ; ( 2 ) correlate CD 4 and chemokine receptor expression with their susceptibility to HIV 1 infection ; and ( 3 ) examine any potential interplay between inflammatory cytokines released during HIV 1 infection and regulation of chemokine receptor expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 are the major coreceptors that , together with CD 4 , govern HIV 1 entry into cells . ^^^ We tested 11 primary HIV 2 isolates for coreceptor usage in human cell lines : U 87 glioma cells , stably expressing CD 4 and the chemokine receptor CCR 1 , CCR2b , CCR 3 , CCR 5 , or CXCR 4 , and GHOST ( 3 ) osteosarcoma cells , coexpressing CD 4 and CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , or the orphan receptor Bonzo or BOB . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activated primary CD 4 ( + ) T cells of CCR 2 64I / 64I donors expressed cell surface CCR 5 at levels comparable to those of CCR 2 + / + donors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Altered expression of CD 4 , CD 54 , CD62L , and CCR 5 in primary lymphocytes productively infected with the human immunodeficiency virus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast to earlier studies among homosexual men , no effect on disease progression of the CCR 5 Delta32 / + and the CCR2b 64I / + genotypes was found , when progression to AIDS , death , or a CD 4 cell count < 200 / microL was compared by a Cox proportional hazards model . ^^^ Furthermore , CD 4 cell decline ( by a regression model for repeated measurements ) and virus load in the first 3 years after seroconversion did not differ between the CCR 5 and CCR2b wild type and heterozygous genotypes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The human immunodeficiency virus 1 ( HIV 1 ) utilises CD 4 and certain beta chemokine receptors , mainly CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , for attachment and virus entry into T lymphocytes and monocytes / macrophages . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sulfated tyrosines contribute to the binding of CCR 5 to MIP 1 alpha , MIP 1 beta , and HIV 1 gp120 / CD4 complexes and to the ability of HIV 1 to enter cells expressing CCR 5 and CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To clarify the inhibitory mode of T 22 and its analogs , we used a single round replication assay ( luciferase assay ) , in which different envelope bearing pseudotypes were used to infect CXCR 4 or CCR 5 bearing U 87 cells via CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This HHV 6 mediated anti HIV effect was DC specific , occurred when HHV 6 was added either before or after HIV , and was not due to decreased surface expression or function of CD 4 , CXCR 4 , or CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surprisingly , there was no correlation between the ability of a MAb to inhibit HIV 1 fusion entry and its ability to inhibit either the binding of a gp 120 soluble CD 4 complex to CCR 5 or CC chemokine activity . ^^^ The data support a model wherein HIV 1 entry occurs in three stages : receptor ( CD 4 ) binding , coreceptor ( CCR 5 ) binding , and coreceptor mediated membrane fusion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To address the issues of redundancy and specificity of chemokines and their receptors in lymphocyte biology , we investigated the expression of CC chemokine receptors CCR 1 , CCR 2 , CCR 3 , CCR 5 , CXCR 3 , and CXCR 4 and responses to their ligands on memory and naive , CD 4 and CD 8 human T cells , both freshly isolated and after short term activation in vitro . ^^^ In contrast , the effects of short term activation on expression of other chemokine receptors was modest , and expression of CCR 2 , CCR 3 , and CCR 5 on CD 4 cells was restricted to memory subsets . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Flow cytometry analysis of the nonhuman primate PBMC demonstrated that they do express CD 4 , CCR 3 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 on their cell surface . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Quantification of CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 levels on lymphocyte subsets , dendritic cells , and differentially conditioned monocyte derived macrophages . ^^^ CCR 5 and CXCR 4 are the major HIV 1 coreceptors for R 5 and X 4 HIV 1 strains , respectively , and a threshold number of CD 4 and chemokine receptor molecules is required to support virus infection . ^^^ Therefore , we used a quantitative fluorescence activated cell sorting assay to determine the number of CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 antibody binding sites ( ABS ) on various T cell lines , T cell subsets , peripheral blood dendritic cells ( PBDC ) , and monocyte derived macrophages by using four color fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis on fresh whole blood . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD 4 receptor dependent entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env pseudotypes into CCR 5 , CCR 3 , and CXCR 4 expressing human alveolar macrophages is preferentially mediated by the CCR 5 coreceptor . ^^^ We observed that , in addition to CD 4 receptors , AM from healthy adults expressed low levels of CCR 5 , CCR 3 , and CXCR 4 chemokine receptors by flow cytometry , and specific messenger RNA was detected for all three receptors by reverse transcriptase / polymerase chain reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Infection with CXCR 4 and CCR 5 tropic HIV requires initial binding to CD 4 , and chemotaxis induced by the CCR 5 tropic envelope has been reported to be strictly dependent on CD 4 binding . ^^^ We demonstrate that , in contrast to CD 4 dependent gp 120 signaling via CCR 5 , envelope signaling through CXCR 4 is CD 4 independent , inducing chemotaxis of both CD 4 and CD 8 T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Consistently , the SI V 3 recombinants used CXCR 4 , while the NSI V 3 recombinants used CCR 5 for infection of HOS CD 4 ( + ) cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chemokine receptors , particularly CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , act as essential coreceptors in concert with CD 4 for cellular entry by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ; reviewed in [ 1 ] ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Substitution of the 8x V 3 loop with that from the R 5 virus strain BaL resulted in an Env ( 8x V3BaL ) that mediated CD 4 independent CCR 5 dependent virus infection and a gp 120 that bound to CCR 5 in the absence of CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Primary isolates of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses ( HIV and SIV ) use the chemokine receptor CCR 5 , in association with CD 4 , as coreceptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Infection of CD 4 negative cells depended upon the viral envelope glycoproteins and upon the chemokine receptor , with CCR 5 and gpr 15 being more efficient than STRL 33 . ^^^ The sCD 4 mediated enhancement of virus infection of CD 4 negative , CCR 5 positive cells was related to the sCD 4 induced increase in binding of the viral gp 120 envelope glycoprotein to CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Levels of surface expression of CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , and CD 4 were low compared to those of blood monocytes , but CCR 3 was not detectable . mRNA for CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , CCR 2 , and CCR 3 were all detectable , but to varying degrees and with variability among donors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We demonstrate here that a recombinant envelope protein derived from an M tropic isolate of HIV 1 can transduce CD 4 dependent as well as CCR 5 dependent intracellular signals in primary human CD4+ T cells . ^^^ HIV envelope induced cellular association of FAK and CCR 5 was also demonstrated , suggesting that ligation of CD 4 and CCR 5 leads to the formation of an activation complex composed of FAK and CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This was investigated by coculturing CD 4 , chemokine receptor CCR 5 and CXCR 4 human fetal fibroblasts with apoptotic HIV 1 infected HuT 78 cells or apoptotic PBMC isolated from HIV 1 infected patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Infection with HIV 1 requires expression of CD 4 antigen and the chemokine receptor CXCR 4 ( X 4 ) or CCR 5 ( R 5 ) on the surface of target cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Conformational changes of gp 120 in epitopes near the CCR 5 binding site are induced by CD 4 and a CD 4 miniprotein mimetic . ^^^ Binding of the T cell antigen CD 4 to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) envelope glycoprotein gp 120 has been reported to induce conformational rearrangements in the envelope complex that facilitate recognition of the CCR 5 coreceptor and consequent viral entry into cells . ^^^ To better understand the mechanism of virus docking and cell fusion , we developed a three component gp 120 CD4 17b optical biosensor assay to visualize the CD 4 induced conformational change of gp 120 as seen through envelope binding to a neutralizing human antibody , 17b , which binds to epitopes overlapping the CCR 5 binding site . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently the chemokine receptors , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , have been identified as co receptors together with CD 4 for HIV 1 entry into the target cells , suggesting a possible role for these receptors in the pathogenesis of the HIV 1 infection in the brain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In these conditions , the kinetics and affinities of ( 125 ) 1 gp 120 adsorptions and their subsequent metabolisms were strongly dependent on CD 4 but were not significantly influenced by CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although the CD 4 CXCR4 hybrids yielded enhanced SU interactions with the chemokine receptor moiety , this did not overcome the specific coreceptor requirement of different HIV 1 strains : the X 4 virus HIV 1 ( LAI ) and the X4R5 virus HIV 1 ( 89 . 6 ) , unlike the R 5 strain HIV 1 ( SF 162 ) , infected Mv 1 lu cells expressing the CD 4 ( 2D ) CXCR 4 hybrid , but none could use hybrids of CD 4 and the chemokine receptor CCR2b , CCR 5 , or CXCR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Primary human immunodeficiency virus type 2 ( HIV 2 ) isolates infect CD 4 negative cells via CCR 5 and CXCR 4 : comparison with HIV 1 and simian immunodeficiency virus and relevance to cell tropism in vivo . ^^^ Moreover , the envelope glycoproteins of SIV of macaques ( SIV ( MAC ) ) can bind to and initiate infection of CD 4 ( ) cells via CCR 5 . ^^^ Here , we show that most primary HIV 2 isolates can infect either CCR 5 ( + ) or CXCR 4 ( + ) cells without CD 4 . ^^^ CD 4 independent HIV 2 strains that could use both CCR 5 and CXCR 4 to infect CD 4 ( + ) cells were only able to use one of these receptors in the absence of CD 4 . ^^^ Thus , many primary HIV 2 strains infect CCR 5 ( + ) or CXCR 4 ( + ) cell lines without CD 4 in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expanded tropism of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 R 5 strains to CD 4 ( + ) T cell lines determined by the capacity to exploit low concentrations of CCR 5 . ^^^ On CD 4 ( + ) cell lines expressing different coreceptors , these strains use CCR 5 predominantly and do not replicate in CCR 5 negative peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from individuals homozygous for Delta 32 CCR5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Experiments of immunostaining for CD 4 , CCR 5 , and GalAAG ( putative receptor for HIV in sperm ) , as well as reverse transcriptase ( RT ) PCR for CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 , which all suggested the absence of the mentioned receptors in mature oocytes and in follicular cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Antibodies to CCR 5 were studied in rhesus macaques immunized with SIV grown in human CD 4 ( + ) T cells . ^^^ We postulate that anti CCR 5 antibodies may be complementary to beta chemokines in blocking CCR 5 coreceptors to HIV or SIV binding and fusion of CD 4 ( + ) cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
B oligomer also blocked cocapping of CCR 5 and CD 4 induced by R 5 HIV 1 in primary T cells , but did not affect cocapping of CXCR 4 and CD 4 after inoculation of the cultures with X 4 HIV 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects of the CCR 5 and CCR 2 mutations were genetically independent and similar in the magnitude of their protective effect on progression to a CD 4 count < 200 cells . ^^^ A novel finding was an association of borderline significance between homozygosity for C at nucleotide position 59353 in the CCR 5 promoter region and a slower rate of CD 4 cell decline to < 200x106 / L ( HR , 0 . 58 ; 95 % CI , 0 . 34 0 . 996 ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Biological HIV 1 clones were isolated both early and late in infection from progressors and long term survivors with wild type or mutant CCR 5 or CCR2b genotypes and analyzed for their capacity to use CCR 1 , CCR2b , CCR 3 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 on U 87 cells coexpressing CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Highly enriched populations of B lymphocytes generated in the presence of interleukin 4 and oligomeric soluble CD40L upregulated costimulatory and activation markers , as well as HIV 1 receptors CD 4 and CXCR 4 , but not CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When compared with CCR 5 sequences from humans and other primates , our results demonstrate that : ( 1 ) nucleotide and amino acid sequences of CCR 5 among primates are highly homologous , with variations slightly concentrated on the amino and carboxyl termini ; and ( 2 ) site Asp 13 , which is critical for CD 4 independent binding of SIV gp 120 to Macaca mulatta CCR 5 , was also present in all other nonhuman primates tested here , suggesting that those nonhuman primate CCR5s might also bind SIV gp 120 without the presence of CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 2 latter variants severely depleted CD 4 ( + ) T cells , whereas cytopathicity of the virus that used CCR 5 only in lymphoid tissue was mild and confined to CCR 5 ( + ) / CD4 ( + ) T cells . ^^^ Thus , ( a ) HIV 1 coreceptor usage in vitro can not be unconditionally extrapolated to natural microenvironment of human lymphoid tissue ; ( b ) dual tropic viruses are not homogeneous in their coreceptor usage in lymphoid tissue , but probably comprise a continuum between the 2 polar variants that use CXCR 4 or CCR 5 exclusively ; and ( c ) cytopathicity toward the general CD 4 ( + ) T cell population in lymphoid tissue is associated with the use of CXCR4 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The importance of chemokine expression on HIV infection has been emphasized by the discovery that infection of CD 4 ( + ) T cells by M tropic strains of HIV 1 is antagonized by the chemokines RANTES , MIP 1alpha , and MIP 1beta , which are natural ligands of CCR 5 , a major coreceptor for macrophagetropic ( M tropic ) isolates of HIV 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Flow cytometric analysis of M CCR 5 mutants and bifunctional receptors composed of CD 4 domains fused to M CCR 5 mutants excluded the possibility that differences in coreceptor activity resulted from variations in cell surface expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
AIDS viruses ( HIVs ) enter immune cells with the aid of the CD 4 cell surface receptor in combination with a number of co receptors which include CCR 3 , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NKR cells , transfected to express the HIV 1 coreceptor CCR 5 to supplement the endogenous expression of CD 4 and the CXCR 4 coreceptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , cultures of CD 4 T cells continuously passaged on anti CD3 / anti CD 28 coated plates produced large amounts of p 24 despite decreased levels of CCR 5 expression and increasing production of beta chemokines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that the expression of CCR 5 is up regulated in HIV 1 infected individuals while CXCR 4 appears down regulated on both CD 4 and CD 8 T cells compared with normal controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The human CCR 5 chemokine receptor functions as a coreceptor with CD 4 for infection by macrophage tropic isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In a human lymphomyeloid progenitor cell line ( KG 1 ) HIV 1 gp 120 binds to chemokine receptors CXC R 4 and CCR 5 , only in the presence of CD 4 . ^^^ We have now analyzed the possible mechanism ( s ) underlying this phenomenon , in the light of the recent demonstration that at least two members of the chemokine receptor family , CXCR 4 ( LESTR / fusin ) and CCR 5 molecules , are the HIV 1 specific co receptors , necessary , together with the high affinity receptor CD 4 , for the entry into target cells of HIV 1 . ^^^ Cytofluorimetric analysis demonstrated that in KG 1 cells , after HHV 6 infection , more than 40 % of cell population became CD 4 positive and only in KG 1 cells expressing the CD4+ phenotype , the exposure to r gp 120 masks a significant amount , not only of CD 4 , but also of both CXCR 4 and CCR 5 chemokine receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Remarkably , when the V 3 loop of a CCR 5 tropic Env was substituted for the IIIBx Env , the resulting chimera was found to utilize CCR 5 but remained CD 4 independent . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Oligomeric , uncleaved JRFL gp 140 failed to bind CCR 5 despite its ability to bind CD 4 and monoclonal antibody 17b , suggesting that the uncleaved ectodomain of gp 41 interferes with full exposure of the chemokine receptor binding site . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fluorocytometry and calcium mobilization assay did not provide evidence of expression of any of the major HIV 1 coreceptors , including CXCR 4 , CCR 5 , CCR 3 , and CCR2b , as well as the CD 4 molecule on the cell surface of human fetal astrocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This strategy is consistent with antigen localization and effective entry into the lymph nodes , driving the immune response . c ) A dual immune mechanism may be necessary for effective mucosal protection , mediated by specific CD 4 and CD 8 T cell and antibody responses to the immunizing antigens , and innate antiviral factors and beta chemokines which down modulate CCR 5 co receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 receptor proteins on the progeny derived from HPCB CD34+AC133+ stem cells was detected and correlated with susceptibility to HIV 1 infection in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recombinant soluble CD 4 ( sCD 4 ) activated fusion between effector cells expressing Env and target cells expressing coreceptor ( CCR 5 or CXCR 4 ) but lacking CD 4 . sCD 4 activated fusion was dose dependent , occurred comparably with two and four domain proteins , and demonstrated Env coreceptor specificities parallel to those reported in conventional fusion and infectivity systems . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Antibodies to the bivalent vaccine formulation neutralized viruses possessing diverse phenotypes , including syncytia inducing and non syncytia inducing primary isolates , viruses using either the CCR 5 or the CXCR 4 chemokine receptors , and viruses differing in their sensitivity to soluble CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Its syncytium forming phenotype is not the result of a switch in coreceptor use but rather of the HIV 1 ( BORI 15 ) envelope mediated fusion of CD 4 ( + ) CCR 5 ( + ) cells with greater efficiency than that of its parental strain , either by itself or in the context of a recombinant virus . ^^^ Additionally , HIV 1 ( BORI 15 ) env pseudotyped viruses were less sensitive to decreases in the levels of CD 4 on transfected 293T cells , leading to the hypothesis that the differences in V1 / V2 alter the interaction between this envelope and CD 4 or CCR 5 , or both . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rather , the interaction between the virus and cell surface is critical for TNF alpha induction , as Abs against CD 4 or CCR 5 blocked the induction of TNF alpha synthesis by PBMC when added before virus exposure . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Binding of HIV type 1 ( HIV 1 ) envelope glycoproteins to the surface of a CD 4 ( + ) T cell transduces intracellular signals through the primary envelope receptor , CD 4 , and a coreceptor , either CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^ Envelope mediated activation of caspase 3 and caspase 6 depended on envelope CD 4 receptor interactions ; CCR 5 utilizing as well as CXCR 4 utilizing envelopes elicited this response . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) requires the presence of a CD 4 molecule and chemokine receptors such as CXCR 4 or CCR 5 on the surface of target cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast to what was observed in vitro , CCR 5 genotype did associate with CCR 5 surface expression levels in vivo in resting as well as in activated CD 4 ( + ) T cell populations that were identified by the expression of CD45RO , CD 27 , HLA DR , and CD 69 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These findings suggest that Th 1 type responses may favor CD 4 ( + ) T cell infection by R 5 tropic HIV 1 strains , but HIV 1 spread in Th 1 cells is limited by their ability to produce CCR 5 binding chemokines . ( Blood . 2000 ; 95 : 1167 1174 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD 4 expression was detected in five of the 10 placentas , while membrane protein expression of CCR 3 , CXCR 4 and CCR 5 was detected in every case , despite quantitative differences among individuals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This cell line expresses human CD 4 , the two major HIV 1 coreceptors , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , the reporter gene beta galactosidase driven by the HIV 1 LTR , and quantitates infection within 48 h . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chemokine receptor analysis determined that CD34+ cell derived megakaryocytes express CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 and are productively infected by both X 4 and R 5 HIV 1 isolates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immune animals had significantly attenuated disease with lowered viral RNA , interferon alpha , and chemokine receptor expression ( CXCR 4 and CCR 5 ) on CD 4 ( + ) T cells ; these features of infection have been linked to in vitro effects of Tat and respond similarly to extracellular Tat protein produced during infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the basis of this block by infecting a murine NIH 3T3 reporter cell line that stably expressed human CD 4 , CCR 5 , and cyclin T 1 and contained a transactivatable HIV 1 long terminal repeat ( LTR ) green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) cassette . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using a unified statistical model for CD 4 count progression and AIDS development , we examined whether the effect of CCR 5 heterozygosity on clinical AIDS is direct or indirect through its effect on CD 4 counts . ^^^ Based on data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study , we noted a protective effect of CCR 5 heterozygosity on both CD 4 cell count progression and on AIDS occurrence . ^^^ Additional adjustment for the effect of an initial viral load measurement indicate that CCR 5 heterozygosity did not have predictive value for either CD 4 progression or the development of AIDS beyond its association with early viral load . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Modulation of CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 makes human hematopoietic progenitor cell lines infected with human herpesvirus 6 susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 . ^^^ We have analyzed the possible mechanism ( s ) underlying this phenomenon in light of the recent demonstration that at least two members of the chemokine receptor family , CXCR 4 ( LESTR / fusin ) and CCR 5 molecules , are the HIV 1 specific coreceptors necessary , together with the high affinity receptor CD 4 , for entry into target cells of T tropic and M tropic HIV 1 isolates , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , although intestinal lymphocytes are susceptible to infection with either X 4 HIV particles or particles that use the chemokine receptor CCR 5 for viral entry ( R 5 HIV ) during ex vivo culture [ 5 ] , only systemic inoculation of R 5 chimeric simian HIV ( S HIV ) results in a rapid loss of CD 4 ( + ) intestinal lymphocytes in macaques [ 6 ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The PM 1 human T cell line was transduced with RH 5 and was further engineered to express the CCR 5 HIV 1 CD 4 coreceptor constitutively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CONCLUSIONS : These preliminary results suggest that this HIV 1 specific immune based therapy can stimulate antigen specific beta chemokine production in vitro and downregulate CCR 5 receptor expression on CD 4 cells in vivo . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Consistent with this , pretreatment of gp 120 with CV N inhibited soluble CD 4 ( sCD 4 ) dependent binding of gp 120 to cell associated CCR 5 . ^^^ To investigate possible effects of CV N at post CD 4 binding steps , we used an assay that measures sCD 4 activation of the HIV 1 envelope glycoprotein for fusion with CCR 5 expressing cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV 1 entry into CD 4 ( + ) cells requires the sequential interactions of the viral envelope glycoproteins with CD 4 and a coreceptor such as the chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although it is established that HIV 1 gp 120 interacts with CD 4 and the coreceptors CCR 5 or CXCR 4 at the plasma membrane during HIV entry , longer term interactions taking place between these molecules and HIV Env are less well understood . ^^^ We have measured the cell surface expression of CD 4 , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 on a CD4+ / CXCR4+CCR5+ T cell line following infection by cell line adapted X 4 and primary X 4 , X4R5 and R 5 viruses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that in cells with low to medium surface CD 4 density , coexpression of CCR 5 and CXCR 4 resulted in a significant reduction in the fusion with CXCR 4 domain ( X 4 ) envelope expressing cells and in their susceptibility to infection with X 4 viruses . ^^^ The inhibition could be reversed either by increasing the density of surface CD 4 or by antibodies against the N terminus and second extracellular domains of CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In particular , the CXCR 4 ( LESTR / fusin ) receptor allows fusion and entry of T tropic strains of HIV , whereas CCR 5 is the major coreceptor used by primary HIV 1 strains that infect macrophages and CD 4 ( + ) T helper cells ( M tropic viruses ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IL 13 and TNF alpha inhibit dual tropic HIV 1 in primary macrophages by reduction of surface expression of CD 4 , chemokine receptors CCR 5 , CXCR 4 and post entry viral gene expression . ^^^ A quantitative flow cytometric assay revealed that IL 13 induced a significant ( approximately 50 % ) reduction in the number of CD 4 and CC chemokine receptor 5 ( CCR 5 ) antibody binding sites while completely abrogating surface expression of CXC chemokine receptor 4 ( CXCR 4 ) . ^^^ In the presence of IL 13 and TNF alpha , expression of CCR 5 was completely abrogated while the expression of CD 4 and CXCR 4 remained significantly reduced as compared to untreated controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The HIV 1 envelope glycoprotein gp 120 interacts consecutively with CD 4 and the CCR 5 coreceptor to mediate the entry of certain HIV 1 strains into target cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These highly conserved residues are located on two strands that connect the gp 120 bridging sheet and outer domain , suggesting a mechanism whereby interdomain conformational shifts induced by CD 4 binding could facilitate CCR 5 binding . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD 4 T cells activated in vitro by anti CD3 / 28 coated beads are resistant to infection by CC chemokine receptor 5 ( CCR 5 ) dependent HIV 1 isolates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The initial targets are activated and resting memory T cells that express both CD 4 and CCR 5 , but both naive and memory CD 4 T cells are targeted by viruses capable of using CXCR 4 for entry , and macrophages become the primary target cells when most CD 4 T cells are depleted . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The envelope glycoprotein of the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) utilizes CD 4 as a receptor and CCR 5 and / or CXCR 4 as coreceptor to gain entry into the cell . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glycosphingolipids promote entry of a broad range of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates into cell lines expressing CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and / or CCR 5 . ^^^ Treatment of human osteosarcoma cells , expressing CD 4 and various chemokine receptors , with the glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor 1 phenyl 2 hexadecanoylamino 3 morpholino 1 propanol ( PPMP ) , blocked target membrane glycosphingolipid ( GSL ) biosynthesis and reduced the susceptibility of cells to infection and fusion mediated by envelope glycoproteins from a variety of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) isolates that utilize CXCR 4 and / or CCR 5 . ^^^ PPMP treatment of the cell lines did not significantly change the cell surface expression of CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and / or CCR 5 , nor did it alter the chemokine receptor association with CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CCR 5 is the major coreceptor together with CD 4 for HIV 1 infection of microglia , the major target cells for HIV 1 infection in the CNS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD4 and GHOST ( 3 ) engineered to express stably CD 4 and the chemokine receptors CCR 1 , CCR2b , CCR 3 , CCR 5 , or CXCR 4 , or the orphan receptors BOB / gpr15 or Bonzo / STRL33 / TYMSTR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
V 2 loop glycosylation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 SF 162 envelope facilitates interaction of this protein with CD 4 and CCR 5 receptors and protects the virus from neutralization by anti V 3 loop and anti CD 4 binding site antibodies . ^^^ Our studies indicate that glycosylation of the V 2 loop , in particular at its base , facilitates the interaction of the HIV envelope with the CD 4 and CCR 5 receptor molecules present on the surface of target cells and affects viral replication kinetics in a cell type dependent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to the primary cell surface receptor CD 4 , CCR 5 or another coreceptor is necessary for infections by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) , yet the mechanisms of coreceptor function and their stoichiometries in the infection pathway remain substantially unknown . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Secreted uncleaved gp 140 trimers were purified to homogeneity and analyzed for their capacity to interact with cellular receptors CD 4 and CC chemokine receptor 5 ( CCR 5 ) . ^^^ Receptor binding was analyzed on CD 4 and CCR 5 expressing cells as well as on peripheral blood mononuclear cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Neither coreceptor usage nor the expression level of CD 4 , CCR 5 , or CXCR 4 on chimpanzee PBMC compared to human cells could explain the phenotypic changes observed in these chimpanzee passaged viruses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , Murabutide stimulated cells expressed reduced CD 4 and CCR 5 receptors and secreted high levels of beta chemokines , although neutralization of the released chemokines did not alter the HIV 1 suppressive activity of Murabutide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cellular entry of HIV is mediated by the specific interaction of viral envelope glycoproteins with the cell surface marker CD 4 and a chemokine receptor ( CCR 5 or CXCR 4 ) . ^^^ R5Rbz transduced CD34+ cells differentiated normally into mature macrophages that carried CD 14 and CD 4 surface markers , expressed the anti CCR 5 ribozyme , and showed significant resistance to viral infection upon challenge with the HIV 1 BaL strain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A tyrosine sulfated peptide based on the N terminus of CCR 5 interacts with a CD 4 enhanced epitope of the HIV 1 gp 120 envelope glycoprotein and inhibits HIV 1 entry . ^^^ The sequential association of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) envelope glycoprotein gp 120 with CD 4 and a seven transmembrane segment coreceptor such as CCR 5 or CXCR 4 initiates entry of the virus into its target cell . ^^^ The N terminus of CCR 5 , which contains several sulfated tyrosines , plays a critical role in the CD 4 dependent association of gp 120 with CCR 5 and in viral entry . ^^^ The sulfated peptide also inhibited the association of CCR 5 expressing cells with gp 120 soluble CD 4 complexes and , less efficiently , with MIP 1alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of CD 4 receptor together with CXCR 4 and / or CCR 5 coreceptor in the four lineages correlates with hematopoietic precursor susceptibility to T lymphotropic and macrophage ( M ) tropic HIV strains infection : ( 1 ) CD 4 ( ) G and E cells were resistant to both M tropic and T lymphotropic strains ; ( 2 ) HPC derived Mks were susceptible to T tropic , but resistant to M tropic , infection ; ( 3 ) Mo differentiating cells efficiently replicate both HIV strains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that T tropic gp120s were capable of priming co down modulation with tailless CD 4 by interacting with CXCR 4 , whereas M tropic SF 162 gp120 could not after PMA treatment even in the presence of CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mucosal lymphocytes isolated from normal human intestine expressed CD 4 ( 14 , 530+ / 7970 antibody binding sites [ ABSs ] / cell ) , CCR 5 ( 2730+ / 1524 ABSs / cell ) , and CXCR 4 ( 2507+ / 1840 ABSs / cell ) , but intestinal macrophages , which also expressed CD 4 ( 2959+ / 2695 ABSs / cell ) , displayed no detectable CCR 5 or CXCR 4 ABS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Before initiation of HAART Delta32CCR5 heterozygous patients ( d / w ) did not differ from homozygous CCR 5 wild type patients ( w / w ) regarding viral load and CD 4 counts . ^^^ Furthermore , 20 / 24 ( 83 . 3 % ) of the Delta32CCR5 heterozygous patients achieved CD 4 counts above 200 / microliter , but only 57 / 83 ( 68 . 7 % ) of the patients homozygous for CCR 5 wild type ( p = 0 . 011 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Kinetics of CXCR 4 and CCR 5 up regulation and human immunodeficiency virus expansion after antigenic stimulation of primary CD 4 ( + ) T lymphocytes . ^^^ To mimic physiologic conditions , highly purified primary Staphylococcus enterotoxin B ( SEB ) reactive CD 4 T lymphocytes were stimulated in the presence of autologous antigen presenting cells and the kinetics of CCR 5 and CXCR 4 surface expression and HIV replication were studied . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Adenoids provide a microenvironment for the generation of CD 4 ( + ) , CD45RO ( + ) , L selectin ( ) , CXCR 4 ( + ) , CCR 5 ( + ) T lymphocytes , a lymphocyte phenotype found in the middle ear effusion . ^^^ It was found that most CD 4 ( + ) T lymphocytes in the middle ear effusion express the memory phenotype marker CD45RO and the chemokine receptors CXCR 4 and CCR 5 , but are negative for the lymphocyte homing receptor L selectin . ^^^ The results suggest that the adenoids provide a microenvironment for the generation for CD 4 ( + ) , CD45RO ( + ) , L selectin ( ) , CXCR 4 ( + ) and CCR 5 ( + ) T lymphocytes . ^^^ As the adenoidal CD 4 ( + ) memory phenotype CD45RO ( + ) T cells expressed the activation antigen CD 69 and included cells expressing the HIV co receptors CXCR 4 and CCR 5 at a high level , they may be permissive for HIV infection . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The most important finding was that an increased number of CD 4 ( + ) cells expressing CCR 5 correlated with pCCR 5 59029A homozygosity without the interference of both the CCR 2 64 and the CCR 5 delta 32 ( deleted 32 bp ) mutations ( P : = 0 . 0453 ) , which is consistent with the previous data on the association of the genotype to AIDS progression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MS A showed a significant increase of CD 4 ( + ) CD45RA ( ) CCR 5 ( + ) cells ( Th 1 cells ) through the relapse and remission phases in comparison to HC , while MS W showed a significant increase of CD 4 ( + ) CD45RO ( + ) CD62L ( ) cells ( Th 1 cells ) only at the relapse phase . ^^^ HAM / TSP showed a significant increase of CCR 5 ( + ) and CD62L ( ) memory CD 4 ( + ) T cells as well as CD 30 ( + ) memory CD 4 ( + ) T cells ( Th 2 cells ) in comparison to HC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All ENV containing the GPG V 3 crown showed CCR 5 binding in the presence of soluble CD 4 , whereas it was not detected with the GAG variants . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lamina propria lymphocytes expressed CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 . ^^^ In contrast , lamina propria macrophages expressed CD 4 but not CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of CD 4 and CCR 5 receptors was examined . ^^^ Flow cytometric analysis of surface expression of CD 4 and CCR 5 indicates that GM CSF does not affect HIV 1 entry into MDM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Expression of CCR 5 and CXCR 4 was quantified by flow cytometry on isolated mucosal CD 4 lymphocytes obtained from endoscopic biopsies and blood from healthy controls . ^^^ The percentage of mucosal CD 4 T lymphocytes that expressed CCR 5 and the per cell expression of CCR 5 were both significantly increased compared with that in peripheral blood CD 4 T lymphocytes . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Enhanced expression of CXCR 4 and CCR 5 on CD 4 lymphocytes in normal intestinal mucosa predicts increased vulnerability to infection by both R 5 and X 4 HIV 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Flow cytometry revealed that uninfected AML14 . 3D10 cells were positive for the HIV 1 receptor CD 4 and coreceptors CXCR 4 and CCR 5 ; the cell line was negative for CCR 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Up regulation of HIV coreceptors CXCR 4 and CCR 5 on CD 4 ( + ) T cells during human endotoxemia and after stimulation with ( myco ) bacterial antigens : the role of cytokines . ^^^ The expression of CXCR 4 and CCR 5 on CD 4 ( + ) T cells was increased 2 to 4 fold , 4 to 6 hours after LPS injection . ^^^ In whole blood in vitro , LPS induced a time and dose dependent increase in the expression of CXCR 4 and CCR 5 on CD 4 ( + ) T cells . ^^^ Intercurrent infections during HIV infection may up regulate CXCR 4 and CCR 5 on CD 4 ( + ) T cells , at least in part via the action of cytokines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The fMLF binding to its receptor , formyl peptide receptor ( FPR ) , resulted in significant attenuation of cell responses to CCR 5 ligands and in inhibition of HIV 1 envelope glycoprotein mediated fusion and infection of cells expressing CD 4 , CCR 5 , and FPR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NSI variants were CCR 5 restricted and could be isolated throughout infection from CD45RO ( + ) CD 4 ( + ) cells . ^^^ We observed a differential expression of HIV 1 coreceptors within CD45RA ( + ) and CD45RO ( + ) cells , which allowed us to isolate virus from purified CCR 5 ( + ) CXCR 4 ( ) and CCR 5 ( ) CXCR 4 ( + ) CD 4 ( + ) cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Increased expression of CD 25 and the Th 1 associated chemokine receptor CCR 5 was also seen on CD 4 ( + ) and CD 8 ( + ) PP T cells , but not blood T cells , stimulated with betalg . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Consistent with this finding , IFN gamma induced a decrease in fusion with M tropic envelopes that correlated with a modest reduction in surface CCR 5 and CD 4 on MDMs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We sought to unravel the relationships between this oligomeric structure and the requirements for sequential interactions with CD 4 and coreceptor ( CCR 5 or CXCR 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV ( human immunodeficiency virus ) 1 Env is displayed on the surface of infected cells and subsequently incorporated into virions , which is necessary for the initiation of a viral infection by recognition of the CD 4 and the chemokine receptors ( such as CCR 5 or CXCR 4 ) on the surface of new target cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have therefore utilized H 9 cells to test the effects of Product R on expression of mRNAs encoding the chemokine receptors , CD 4 , CXCR 4 and CCR 5 , as well as their ligands , IL 16 , SDF 1 , MIP 1alpha , MIP 1beta , and RANTES , by RT PCR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No intergroup differences were found in the surface expression of HLA DR , CD 25 , CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , CCR 3 on CD 4 T cells , or monocytes before infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For example , both the T tropic simian immunodeficiency virus ( SIV ) SIVmac 239 and the macrophagetropic ( M tropic ) SIVmac 316 can utilize CD 4 and CCR 5 as coreceptors , and both viruses can infect primary T lymphocytes , yet only SIVmac 316 can efficiently infect CCR 5 expressing primary macrophages from rhesus monkeys . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Dynamics of CCR 5 expression by CD 4 ( + ) T cells in lymphoid tissues during simian immunodeficiency virus infection . ^^^ Here we show that a much higher percentage of CD 4 ( + ) T cells in the intestine express CCR 5 compared with those found in the peripheral blood , spleen , or lymph nodes . ^^^ In addition , the selectivity and extent of the CD 4 ( + ) T cell loss in SIV infection may depend upon these cells coexpressing CCR 5 and having a `` memory ' ' phenotype ( CD45RA ( ) ) . ^^^ Following intravenous infection with SIVmac 251 , memory CD 4 ( + ) CCR 5 ( + ) T cells were selectively eliminated within 14 days in all major lymphoid tissues ( intestine , spleen , and lymph nodes ) . ^^^ The CD 4 ( + ) T cells that remain after 14 days of infection lacked CCR 5 and / or were naive ( CD45RA ( + ) ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate chemokine receptor expression by T ( h ) subsets in vivo , we analyzed cytokine ( IL 2 , IL 4 and IFN gamma ) and chemokine receptor ( CXCR 3 , CXCR 4 , CCR 3 , CCR 4 and CCR 5 ) mRNA expression by individual peripheral CD 4 ( + ) memory T cells after short term stimulation , employing a single cell RT PCR method . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although HIV 2ROD and SIVmnd infected both NP 2 / CD4 / CXCR4 and NP 2 / CD4 / CCR5 cells , only CXCR 4 and CCR 5 , respectively , were used in CD 4 independent infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using pseudotype reporter viruses to quantitate infection , soluble CD 4 ( sCD 4 ) was tested for its ability to induce fusion by viruses utilizing CCR 5 as their coreceptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interestingly , major fractions of circulating CCR 4 ( + ) memory CD 4 lymphocytes coexpress the Th 1 associated receptors CXC chemokine receptor 3 and CCR 5 , suggesting a potential problem in using these markers for Th 1 vs Th 2 lymphocyte cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Flow cytometric analyses revealed that Mono Mac 1 are positive for the HIV 1 primary receptor ( CD 4 ) , as well as for the coreceptors ( CXCR 4 , CCR 5 , and CCR 3 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The rates of CCR 5 internalization and reexpression were compared using the potent n nonanoyl ( NNY ) RANTES derivative and CD 4 ( + ) T cells derived from donors with different CCR 5 gene polymorphisms . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The pivotal discovery that two chemokine receptors , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , serve along with the T cell receptor interacting CD 4 molecule as the principal co receptors for HIV 1 entry stimulated a search for common genetic polymorphism in their genes which might affect the course of AIDS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Infiltrating T cells around high endothelial venules in RA synovium and 90 + / 3 % of SF CD 3 ( + ) CD 4 ( + ) T cells expressed CXCR 3 , and 85 + / 2 % of SF CD 3 ( + ) CD 4 ( + ) T cells expressed CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study we show that activation of the CD 4 or CCR 5 receptor by R 5 HIVenv causes a caspase 8 dependent death of both uninfected and infected CD 4 T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the laboratory , HIV 1 variants that are capable of bypassing CD 4 and utilizing only the CCR 5 chemokine receptor for virus entry have been generated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CCR 5 ( + ) T cells predominated in the CD 38 ( ) subset , although cell surface expression of CD 4 and CXCR 4 was almost similar between both subsets . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In an in vitro coculture model of monocyte derived , cultured human dendritic cells ( DC ) with autologous CD 4 ( + ) resting T cells , CCR 5 ( R 5 ) tropic strains of HIV 1 , but not CXCR 4 ( X 4 ) tropic strains , were transmitted to resting CD4+ T cells , leading to prolific viral output , although DC were susceptible to infection with either strain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Productive HIV infection in these three DC populations correlated positively with cell surface expression of CD 4 , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Patients with active tuberculosis have increased expression of HIV coreceptors CXCR 4 and CCR 5 on CD 4 ( + ) T cells . ^^^ Expression of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) coreceptors CXCR 4 and CCR 5 was found to be elevated on CD 4 ( + ) T cells ( 1 ) in blood samples obtained from patients with tuberculosis and ( 2 ) in blood samples obtained from healthy subjects and stimulated with mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan in vitro . ^^^ These data suggest that the increase in HIV viremia that occurs in association with tuberculosis may result from up regulation of CXCR 4 and CCR 5 on CD 4 ( + ) T cells , thereby causing acceleration of HIV infection . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Increased turnover of CCR5+ and redistribution of CCR 5 CD 4 T lymphocytes during primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection . ^^^ The early decline of CD 4 T lymphocytes during PHI resulted from depletion of CCR 5 CD 4 T lymphocytes . ^^^ After antiretroviral therapy , Ki 67 CCR 5 CD 4 T cell counts rapidly increased in the circulation , which suggests that the initial decrease was due to an alteration in trafficking and / or sequestration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To initiate infection , HIV 1 requires a primary receptor , CD 4 , and a secondary receptor , principally the chemokine receptor CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To address the potential role of anti CCR 5 antibodies in HIV infection , we analyzed anti CCR 5 antibody levels in plasma from HIV infected patients who present a wide range of CD 4 ( + ) T cell counts and viral load . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The fusion of HIV 1 with the plasma membrane of CD4+ cells is triggered by the interaction of HIV 1 surface envelope glycoprotein gp 120 with the CD 4 receptor , and requires coreceptors ( CCR 5 and CXCR 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In murine 3T3 fibroblasts , the block to HIV 1 entry is relieved by the introduction of human CD 4 and CCR 5 or CXCR 4 , and proviral expression is increased by the introduction of the Tat cofactor , human cyclin T 1 ; however , because of the assembly block , virus fails to spread . ^^^ A panel of rodent cell lines expressing human CD 4 , CCR 5 , and cyclin T 1 was established and studied for the ability to support virus replication . ^^^ Fusion of human cells to HIV 1 infected mouse cells expressing CD 4 , CCR 5 , and cyclin T 1 caused a 12 fold increase in virion release and a 700 fold increase in infectious virus production . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The gp 120 envelope glycoprotein of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) promotes virus entry by sequentially binding CD 4 and the CCR 5 chemokine receptor on the target cell . ^^^ Previously , we adapted a primary HIV 1 isolate , ADA , to replicate in CD 4 negative canine cells expressing human CCR 5 . ^^^ Here we show that elimination of a single glycosylation site at asparagine 197 in the V1 / V2 stem is sufficient for CD 4 independent gp 120 binding to CCR 5 and for HIV 1 entry into CD 4 negative cells expressing CCR 5 . ^^^ Deletion of the V1 / V2 loops also allowed CD 4 independent viral entry and gp 120 binding to CCR 5 . ^^^ The binding of the wild type ADA gp 120 to CCR 5 was less dependent upon CD 4 at 4 degrees C than at 37 degrees C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Molecular modeling on human CCR 5 receptors and complex with CD 4 antigens and HIV 1 envelope glycoprotein gp 120 . ^^^ AIM : To investigate the interaction between human CCR 5 receptors ( CCR 5 ) and HIV 1 envelope glycoprotein gp 120 ( HIV 1 gp 120 ) and HIV 1 receptor CD 4 antigens ( CD 4 ) . ^^^ RESULTS : Human CCR 5 interacted with both an HIV 1 gp 120 and CD 4 . ^^^ The N terminal residues ( especially Met 1 and Gln 4 ) of human CCR 5 contacted with CD 4 residues , mainly with one span ( 56 59 ) of CD 4 in electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonds . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The pseudotypes were used to infect cells expressing various amounts of CD 4 and CCR 5 on the surface . ^^^ In contrast to the parent recombinant , the rB 15 and rV1V2 pseudotypes retained their infectability in cells expressing low levels of CD 4 independent of the levels of CCR 5 , and they infected cells expressing CD 4 with a chimeric coreceptor containing the third extracellular loop of CCR2b in the context of CCR 5 or a CCR 5 Delta4 amino terminal deletion mutant . ^^^ Adaptation to growth in microglia cells that have reduced expression of CD 4 in comparison with other cell types appears to be associated with changes in gp 120 that modify its ability to utilize CD 4 and CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD 4 , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 on the surface of the sperm , by flow cytometry . ^^^ Spermatozoa did not express significant levels of CD 4 , CCR 5 or CXCR 4 , suggesting that they are unlikely to be major targets for HIV infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV 1 infection of susceptible cells is mediated by the specific interaction of viral envelope glycoproteins with the cell surface CD 4 receptor and a chemokine coreceptor , CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro susceptibility was positively correlated to CD4+ cell mean fluorescence intensity and negatively correlated to CCR 5 expression levels , suggesting that infection of PBMCs was primarily dependent on expression levels of CD 4 and that CCR 5 expression , above a certain threshold , did not further increase susceptibility . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surface expression of CD 4 and the beta chemokine receptor CCR 5 was reduced on MDM in response to treatment with CD40L . ^^^ In addition , treatment of CCR 5 and CD 4 transfected 293T cells with secretory products from CD40L stimulated MDM prior to infection with a CCR 5 tropic HIV 1 reporter virus led to inhibition of viral entry . ^^^ In conclusion , we demonstrate that CD40L mediated inhibition of viral entry coincides with a broad range of MDM immune effector responses and the down modulation of CCR 5 and CD 4 expression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A CCR 5 dependent novel mechanism for type 1 HIV gp 120 induced loss of macrophage cell surface CD 4 . ^^^ We report a novel CCR 5 dependent mechanism of gp 120 induced CD 4 loss from macrophages . ^^^ An M tropic gp 120 , using CCR 5 , is able to induce 70 % loss of cell surface CD 4 from macrophages within an hour . ^^^ The rapid and substantial CD 4 loss induced by M tropic gp 120 is not observed on macrophages homozygous for the ccr5Delta32 mutation , which fail to express cell surface CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cells were stimulated with IL 10 for 24 h and stained with specific antibodies to CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , CD 4 , CD 3 , CD11c and CD 14 for flow cytometry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A chimeric virus containing the C2V3 region from an A clade brain derived sequence preferentially used CD 4 and CCR 5 for infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PARTICIPANTS : Eighty six men ( not receiving antiretroviral therapy ) in whom CD 4 cell count and semen volume were available , and 24 women in whom the number of endocervical CCR 5 receptors were determined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The capsianoside G treated cells had no change in the expression level of CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 , however , colocalization and capping of CD 4 and CXCR 4 , but not of CD 4 and CCR 5 was observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We designed a multicomponent biosensor assay to investigate the kinetic mechanism of interaction between gp 120 and its receptors and the cooperative effect of the CCR 5 binding site on the CD 4 binding site , using 17b as a surrogate of CCR 5 . ^^^ The results also suggest that the neutralizing effect of 17b may arise not only from partially blocking the CCR 5 binding site but also from reducing the CD 4 binding affinity of gp 120 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , mixed CNS cell cultures were infected by HIV 1 ( 9533 ) and this was inhibited by anti CD 4 mAb in 4 / 4 tested cultures and by anti CCR 5 mAb in 2 / 4 . ^^^ Thus , the HIV 1 R 5 strain requires CD 4 to penetrate into brain cells , suggesting that CCR 5 can not be used as the primary receptor for M tropic HIV 1 strains in astrocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CCR 5 independent fusion was not mediated by CXCR 4 and was CD 4 dependent , while CCR 5 mediated fusion was partly independent of CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Preliminary findings from cervical scrapings show a high concentration of a chemokine receptor known as CCR 5 , an HIV co receptor that must be present for HIV to enter and infect CD 4 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mast cells / basophils in the peripheral blood of allergic individuals who are HIV 1 susceptible due to their surface expression of CD 4 and the chemokine receptors CCR 3 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 . ^^^ This study now shows that these metachromatic cells express on their surface the high affinity IgE receptor ( FcepsilonRI ) , CD 4 , and the chemokine receptors CCR 3 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 , but not the T cell surface protein CD 3 and the monocyte / macrophage surface protein CD 68 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The CCR 5 chemokine receptor acts as a coreceptor with CD 4 to permit infection by primary macrophage tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) strains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To measure CCR 5 and CXCR 4 chemokine receptor expression on CD 4 and CD 8 T cells in HIV 1 infection and to relate levels to the distribution of CD45RO memory and CD45RA naive subsets , measures of disease activity , and response to highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) . ^^^ METHODS : Four color cytofluorometry with appropriate conjugated monoclonal antibodies ( mAbs ) was performed to define CD45RA and CD45RO subsets of CD 4 and CD 8 T cells and measure their expression of CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , and CD 38 . ^^^ RESULTS : HIV 1 infected patients had higher CCR 5 levels and lower CXCR 4 levels on CD 4 and CD 8 T cells and their CD45RO / CD45RA subsets than control subjects did . ^^^ However , CCR 5 elevation was statistically significant only for CD 4 T cells and their subsets , and CXCR 4 depression was significant for CD 8 T cells and their subsets ( and for CD 4 : CD45RO cells ) . ^^^ CCR 5 elevation on CD 4 T cells was significantly restored toward normal by HAART , but the CXCR 4 depression was not . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While HIV 1 DNA in the CCR 5 positive population showed no correlation with CD 4 count , the increase of total HIV 1 DNA with lower CD 4 count was mainly contributed by the increase of HIV 1 DNA in the CCR 5 negative population . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells ( pcDC ) and myeloid dendritic cells ( myDC ) are shown to express CD 4 and low levels of CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , but only myDC express DC SIGN , a C type lectin that binds human immunodeficiency virus but does not mediate virus entry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As host factors which may influence the viral infection we determined the expression of virus receptors CD 4 , CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 3 as well as the secretion of the natural ligands of CCR 5 , which altogether showed no correlation with HIV 1 infectibility of the cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SLS also inhibited the infectivity of HIV 1 based luciferase reporter viruses pseudotyped with the amphotropic murine leukemia virus envelope ( which enters cells in a CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 independent manner ) , indicating that SLS may inactivate other envelope viruses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mice immunized with gp 120 and ISS , or a gp 120 : ISS conjugate , developed gp 120 specific immune responses which included : 1 ) Ab production ; 2 ) a Th 1 biased cytokine response ; 3 ) the secretion of beta chemokines , which are known to inhibit the use of the CCR 5 coreceptor by HIV ; 4 ) CTL activity ; 5 ) mucosal immune responses ; and 6 ) CD 8 T cell responses that were independent of CD 4 T cell help . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The enhanced C / EBPbeta activity correlated with a higher frequency of circulating CCR 5 ( + ) lymphocytes in AIDS patients and with a decline in CD 4 lymphocyte numbers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study examines the involvement of different intracellular signaling pathways and their physiopathologic consequences following the CD 4 independent interaction between CXCR 4 or CCR 5 and gp 120 in different cell types : primary T cells , CD 4 ( ) / CXCR4 ( + ) / CCR5 ( + ) T cells , or glioma cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Monoclonal antibodies ( MAb ) to CD 4 , CXCR 4 , CCR 5 , and CCR 3 were tested for their ability to block VSV ( HIV 1 ) infection of syncytiotrophoblast cells . ^^^ Neither the anti CD 4 nor the anti CXCR 4 , anti CCR 5 , and anti CCR 3 MAb had any inhibitory effect on infection of syncytiotrophoblast cells with VSV ( HIV 1 ) pseudotypes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The recent discovery of CCR 5 and CXCR 4 as essential entry co receptors together with CD 4 has highlighted a novel and potentially important step in the pharmacological hunt for more effective antiviral agents . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Nb 2 cells were rendered permissive to HIV 1 R 5 viruses by coexpression of human CD 4 and CCR 5 , indicating that the major restriction on HIV 1 replication was at the level of cellular entry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The gp 120 CXCR4 interaction was blocked by anti gp 120 antibodies directed against the third variable ( V 3 ) loop and CD 4 induced epitopes , structures that have also been implicated in the binding of gp 120 to the other HIV 1 coreceptor , CCR 5 . ^^^ Compared with the binding of R 5 HIV 1 gp120s to CCR 5 , the gp 120 CXCR4 interaction exhibited a lower affinity ( K ( d ) = 200 nm ) and was dependent upon prior CD 4 binding , even at low temperature . ^^^ Thus , although similar regions of X 4 and R 5 HIV 1 gp120s appear to be involved in binding CXCR 4 and CCR 5 , respectively , differences exist in nonspecific binding to cell surfaces , affinity for the chemokine receptor , and CD 4 dependence at low temperature . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A critical role for IL 12 in CCR 5 induction on T cell receptor triggered mouse CD 4 ( + ) and CD 8 ( + ) T cells . ^^^ However , TCR triggered T cells expressed IL 12 receptor , and stimulation with recombinant IL 12 resulted in high levels of CCR 5 expression on both CD 4 ( + ) and CD 8 ( + ) T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The induction of tissue factor by gp 120 is mediated by two biologically relevant coreceptors for HIV infection , CXCR 4 and CCR 5 , and is also dependent on the presence of functional CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phosphorylation of the mitogen activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) isoforms , extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 ( ERK 1 ) and ERK 2 , was increased in a CD 4 ( + ) CCR 5 ( + ) U 87 cell line treated with AOP RANTES or with an NSI / R5 HIV 1 isolate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The presence or absence of the receptor CD 4 and the coreceptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 restrict the cell tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To demonstrate an application of this method , human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with tetanus toxoid or interleukin 2 for up to 6 days in the presence of BrdU , harvested , and immunostained for the cell surface markers CD 3 , CD 4 , CD 8 , CD 14 , CD 19 , and the cytokine receptor , CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MATERIAL AND METHODS : KS derived cells and KS Y 1 cells were investigated using RT PCR for the expression of CD 4 , CCR 3 , CCR 5 , CCR 8 and CXCR 4 mRNA . ^^^ RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : With the exception of CCR 8 which is expressed by KS derived spindle cell cultures but not by KS Y 1 cells , unstimulated KS cells express no significant levels of CD 4 , CCR 3 , CCR 5 or CXCR 4 mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The molecular mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) entry into cells involves specific interactions between the viral envelope glycoprotein gp 120 and two target cell proteins , CD 4 and either CCR 5 or CXCR 4 chemokine receptors . ^^^ These chimeric constructs were employed in cell cell fusion and cell free virus infectivity assays using cell lines expressing CD 4 and the CCR 5 chemokine receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD 4 T cell surface CCR 5 density as a host factor in HIV 1 disease progression . ^^^ OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN : We have recently shown that the number of CCR 5 molecules at the surface of peripheral blood CD 4 T cells ( CCR 5 density ) correlates with the viral RNA plasma level in HIV 1 infected individuals . ^^^ RESULTS : CCR 5 density was stable over time on non activated , HLA DR ( ) CD 4 T cells of infected individuals . ^^^ In a study cohort of 25 patients , asymptomatic and non treated , we observed a correlation between CCR 5 density on HLA DR ( ) CD 4 T cells and the CD 4 T cell slope ( P = 0 . 026 ) , which was independent of the presence or absence of the Delta 32CCR5 deletion . ^^^ CONCLUSION : These results are compatible with the hypothesis that CCR 5 density , which is a key factor of HIV 1 infectability , determines in vivo HIV production , and thereby the rate of CD 4 cell decline . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
With CD 4 T cells from HIV infected patients , this expansion usually is accompanied by complete suppression of viral replication , presumed to be caused by down regulation of the viral coreceptor CCR 5 and up regulation of CCR 5 ligands . ^^^ The lack of complete suppression in these memory cells , typically comprising 10 40 % of total CD 4 T cells , occurs despite high levels of CCR 5 ligand secretion and down regulation of CCR 5 . ^^^ Our results show that inhibitory mechanisms , expressed predominantly by strongly stimulated naive CD 4 T cells and mediated independently of CCR 5 binding chemokines , play a role in the inhibition of R 5 HIV replication in CD 4 T cells upon CD 28 costimulation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Patients who had experienced an IRD demonstrated increased levels of bioavailable IL 6 and increased expression of CCR 5 and CCR 3 on monocytes and granulocytes , but numbers of gammadeltaT cells were similar to patients with similar CD 4 T cell counts without an IRD . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , infection of transfected cells expressing different amounts of CD 4 or CCR 5 with M tropic and non M tropic R 5 isolates revealed a similar dependence on CD 4 and CCR 5 levels for entry , suggesting that the entry block was not due to low levels of either receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) interacts with its target cells through CD 4 and a coreceptor , generally CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^ Macrophages display CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 that are competent for binding and entry of virus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Macrophage tropic ( M tropic ) human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) infection of primary human T cells and macrophages requires optimal cell surface expression of the chemokine receptor CCR 5 in addition to CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We then examined HIV infection , HIV receptor ( CD 4 , CCR 5 ) expression , and beta chemokine [ macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha and 1beta ( MIP 1alpha , MIP 1beta ) ] production by placental cord monocyte derived dendritic cells ( MDDC ) as compared to that of autologous cord monocyte derived macrophages ( MDM ) . ^^^ This limited susceptibility of cord MDDC to M tropic HIV infection may be due to lower expression of CD 4 and CCR 5 on the cell membrane and higher production of MIP 1alpha and MIP 1beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Results confirmed a lack of association in patients with HIV disease between CCR 5 wtDelta32 heterozygosity and a slow progression to AIDS and to a CD 4 cell count < 200 cells / microL . ^^^ When the analysis was restricted to patients with a VDR bb genetic background , patients with CCR 5 wtDelta32 heterozygosity were overrepresented in CDC 1993 nonprogressors ( P= . 033 ; OR , 0 . 28 ; 95 % CI , 0 . 08 0 . 92 ) and in those with > 200 CD 4 cells / microL ( P= . 062 ; OR , 0 . 26 ; 95 % CI , 0 . 06 1 . 08 ) . ^^^ Also , patients with CCR 5 wtDelta32 heterozygosity showed a slow progression both to AIDS CDC 1993 and to a CD 4 cell count < 200 cells / microL . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The antibody significantly interfered with chemotaxis induced by macrophage inflammatory protein , 1beta , and at a concentration of 1 . 67 nM it almost completely inhibited infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) R 5 , but not by HIV 1 X 4 , as observed by use of a new phenotypic assay for drug susceptibility of HIV 1 using the CCR 5 expressing HeLa CD 4 ( + ) cell clone 1 10 ( MAGIC 5 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV 1 infects target cells via a receptor complex formed by CD 4 and a chemokine receptor , primarily CCR 5 or CXCR 4 ( ref . 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The finding that in addition to CD 4 molecule HIV 1 uses , CCR 5 or CXCR 4 receptors to enter target cells prompted the research to identify polymorphisms in coreceptor genes affecting disease progression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The membrane fusion assay is based on HIV 1 long terminal repeat directed beta D galactosidase reporter gene expression in CD 4 and CCR 5 expressed HeLa ( MAGI CCR 5 ) cells after cocultivation with effector 293T cells expressing HIV 1 Env . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemical and confocal microscopy data indicated that DC SIGN was coexpressed and colocalized with CD 4 and CCR 5 on alveolar macrophages , underscoring the physiological significance of these cis enhancement effects . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We identified five human T lymphoid cell lines ( PB 1 , Sez 4 , C19PL , HUT 102B and ATL 2 ) which highly express CD 4 in addition to CXCR 4 and CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Infection was inhibited by SDF 1 on cells expressing CD 4 and CXCR 4 for both viruses , whereas RANTES abolished infection of cells expressing CCR 5 in addition to CD 4 in studies of the RV expressing HIV 1 ( 89 . 6 ) Env . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Via this mechanism , DC SIGN significantly enhances the infection of CD 4 ( + ) co receptor ( CCR 5 or CXCR 4 ) ( + ) T lymphocytes in trans . ^^^ The DC SIGN ( + ) Hofbauer cells co express CD 4 and the chemokine receptors , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , observations which may account for the ability of these cells to become infected with HIV . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 313 4 PM sequence also conferred increased infectivity for CD 4 ( + ) CCR 5 ( + ) cells and the ability to infect CCR 5 ( + ) cells upon all of these four and two of these four HIV 1 envelopes , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We screened a number of Epstein Barr virus ( EBV ) positive and negative Burkitt ' s lymphoma ( BL ) B cell lines as well as subpopulations of normal B cells that include tonsillar naive and germinal center / memory B cells for the expression of HIV 1 receptors CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 . ^^^ Cell lines and resting or activated normal B cells lacked CD 4 and CCR 5 but expressed CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CCR 5 and CXCR 3 are also expressed by discrete memory CD 4 ( + ) populations in blood , as well as by tissue infiltrating lymphocytes from a number of sites . ^^^ To characterize the similarities and differences among tissue infiltrating lymphocytes , and to shed light on the specialization of lymphocyte subsets that mediate inflammation and immune surveillance in particular tissues , we have examined the expression of CCR 4 , CXCR 3 , and CCR 5 on CD 4 ( + ) lymphocytes directly isolated from a wide variety of normal and inflamed tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These findings indicate that expansion of the peripheral T cell pool mediated the increase in CD 4 counts and suggest that approaches to reconstitute CD 4 helper cell activity and decrease CCR 5 expression may augment natural immunity to HIV infection . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All six pseudoviruses were infectious and exhibited expected coreceptor usage phenotype in HOS CD 4 cells expressing either CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Triple color analysis of rectal tissue indicated that CCR 5 ( + ) CD 4 ( + ) DC SIGN ( + ) DCs were localized just beneath the luminal epithelium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Utilizing highly purified full term trophoblasts , we demonstrate that full term trophoblasts express CXCR 4 but are negative for CCR 5 and CD 4 cell surface proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
M tropic human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV 1 ) strains enter the cell after interaction with their receptors , CD 4 and the G protein coupled chemokine receptor CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using self organizing maps , we identified nine genes ( CD 4 , CCR 3 , CCR 5 , LT beta , MIP 1 alpha , MIP 2 , CD 8 alpha , IP 10 , and RANTES ) , each with a unique profile of transcriptional expression , that reproduce the differentiation of states of rejection in dendrograms . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Results showed that the virus induced clonal expansion of antigen specific T cells was augmented in CCR 5 ( / ) mice especially with regard to the CD 4 ( + ) subset . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CCR 5 expression was increased in both CD 4 + and CD 8 + subsets , whereas CXCR 4 expression was upregulated only in CD 4 + cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although SIVmac 239 is strongly dependent on both CD 4 and a coreceptor for entry , envelope protein lacking the V 1 and V 2 loops was able to mediate fusion with CD 4 ( ) CCR 5 ( + ) cells at 60 % the level observed with CD 4 ( + ) CCR 5 ( + ) cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of this study was to determine whether variabilities observed in the susceptibility of THP 1 cells to HIV 1 infection may be related to the differential expression of CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 . ^^^ Both propagation and PMA treatment of THP 1 cells resulted in a marked decrease in CD 4 positive cells , whereas the expression of CCR 5 and CXCR 4 was not reduced during propagation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Oral contraceptive use induces upregulation of the CCR 5 chemokine receptor on CD 4 ( + ) T cells in the cervical epithelium of healthy women . ^^^ The level of cervical CCR 5 expression per cell was shown to increase on both activated CD 4 ( + ) ( CD 69 ( + ) , P < 0 . 05 ; HLA DR ( + ) , P < 0 . 01 ) and CD 8 ( + ) ( CD 69 ( + ) , P < 0 . 05 ; HLA DR ( + ) , P < 0 . 05 ) T lymphocytes compared with COC use . ^^^ These data show that with COC use , the expression of CCR 5 on CD 4 ( + ) T lymphocytes is increased . ^^^ Furthermore , the cell surface density of CCR 5 is increased on both CD 4 ( + ) and CD 8 ( + ) T lymphocyte subsets . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Envs from macrophage tropic ( M tropic ) virus strains SIVmac 316 , 1A11 , 17E Fr , and 1100 facilitated infection of CCR 5 positive , CD 4 negative cells . ^^^ Antibodies to the V 3 loop , as well as antibodies that block SIV gp 120 binding to CCR 5 , efficiently neutralized CD 4 independent , M tropic Envs but not the 239 Env . ^^^ However , triggering the 239 Env with soluble CD 4 , presumably resulting in exposure of the CCR 5 binding site , made it as neutralization sensitive as the M tropic Envs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using monoclonal antibodies directed against CD 4 or CCR 5 , we were able to show that antibody mediated enhancement was CD 4 dependent . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three CCR 5 + / + seroconverters who showed the uncommon pattern of early SI virus and rapid CD 4 decline had uniformly high viral load and more heterogeneous coreceptor usage . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GHOST ( 3 ) cells were derived from the human osteosarcoma cell line , HOS , and have been engineered to stably express CD 4 and one or another of the chemokine receptors CCR 3 , CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , Bonzo , or the orphan receptor BOB . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sequential isolates from eight cynomolgus monkeys experimentally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus ( SIVsm , of sooty mangabey origin ) were tested for coreceptor use in the human osteosarcoma indicator cell line , GHOST ( 3 ) , expressing CD 4 and one or another of the chemokine receptors CCR 3 , CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , BOB , or the orphan receptor Bonzo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We examined the role of CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 in HIV envelope mediated apoptosis by measuring the response of activated PBMCs to recombinant envelope proteins derived from CXCR 4 and CCR 5 utilizing viruses . ^^^ Treatment of CCR5Delta32 homozygote PBMCs with a CCR 5 specific envelope induced apoptosis in T cells , demonstrating that envelope CD 4 interactions are sufficient to induce apoptosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) entry into a host cell requires the fusion of virus and cellular membranes that is driven by interaction of the viral envelope glycoproteins gp 120 and gp 41 ( gp120 / gp41 ) with CD 4 and a coreceptor , typically either CXCR 4 or CCR 5 . ^^^ The stoichiometry of gp120 / gp41 : CD 4 : CCR 5 necessary to initiate membrane fusion is not known . ^^^ Collectively , these observations are consistent with the view that gp120 / gp41 driven membrane fusion requires the formation of a threshold number of fusion active intercellular gp120 / gp41 : CD 4 : CCR 5 complexes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rats transgenic for human CD 4 ( hCD 4 ) and the human chemokine receptor CCR 5 ( hCCR 5 ) were generated that express the transgenes in CD 4 ( + ) T lymphocytes , macrophages , and microglia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To study CD 4 ENV coreceptor interactions , we characterized hybrid receptors having domains 1 and 2 of CD 4 ( D1D2 CD 4 ) joined to the N terminus of chemokine receptors CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , CXCR 2 , and DARC . ^^^ Although D1D2 CD 4 CCR5 was sufficient to permit ENV mediated fusion , D 1 CD4 CCR 5 and human D1 / mouse D 2 CD4 CCR 5 lacked CD 4 function and binding to a neutralizing antibody mapped to D 1 CD4 . ^^^ Chimeric D1D2 CD 4 joined to CCR 5 revealed that the C terminal 20 residues of human D 2 CD4 are required for efficient ENV mediated fusion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) are classified according to the chemokine receptor ( coreceptor ) used in conjunction with CD 4 to target and enter cells : viruses using CCR 5 and CXCR 4 are classified as R 5 and X 4 , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chemokine receptors CCR 3 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 3 on CD 4 ( + ) T cells from eight patients with MS were analysed using directly conjugated fluorescent labelled monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To understand host mechanisms that affect human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) pathogenesis by modulating expression of coreceptors , cytokine regulation of CC chemokine receptor 5 ( CCR 5 ) and CD 4 expression on monocytes , monocyte derived macrophages ( MDMs ) , and microglia was investigated . ^^^ Interleukin ( IL ) 4 and IL 10 enhanced the entry and replication of HIV 1 in microglia through up regulation of CD 4 and CCR 5 expression , respectively . ^^^ IL 4 stimulated HIV 1 replication in MDMs but down regulated CD 4 and CCR 5 expression and inhibited virus entry , whereas IL 10 had the opposite effects . ^^^ Thus , mechanisms independent of CCR 5 and CD 4 expression levels are involved in pathways that regulate HIV 1 replication in MDMs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mononuclear infiltrates in the renal tissue of SLE patients were analyzed for the expression of CCR 4 , CCR 5 , and CD 4 by immunohistochemical staining . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HLA DR ( ) CD4+ T cell surface CCR 5 density was constant over time and correlated with the bioclinical stage and with the CD 4 cell slope observed before antiretroviral treatment . ^^^ In addition , CCR 5 density was negatively correlated with the intensity of the decrease in viremia during antiretroviral therapy and was positively correlated with CD 4 cell slope since birth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No differences in clinical characteristics , exposure time , sexual practices , CD 4 counts , or polymorphism in CCR 5 were found between transmitter and nontransmitter groups . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Biochemical fractionation and confocal imaging of HIV 1 receptor distribution in live cells demonstrated that CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 colocalized with raft resident markers , ganglioside GM 1 , and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored CD 48 . ^^^ While confocal microscopy analysis revealed that HIV 1 receptors localized most likely to the same lipid microdomains , sucrose gradient analysis of the receptor localization showed that , in contrast to CD 4 and CCR 5 , CXCR 4 was associated preferentially with the nonraft membrane fraction . ^^^ Colocalization of CCR 5 with GM 1 and gp 120 upon engagement of CD 4 and CXCR 4 by HIV 1 further supports our observation that HIV 1 receptors localize to the same lipid rafts in PM 1 T cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV 1 entry into cells involves formation of a complex between gp 120 of the viral envelope glycoprotein ( Env ) , a receptor ( CD 4 ) , and a coreceptor , typically CCR 5 . ^^^ Its binding was significantly increased by CD 4 and slightly enhanced by CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The number of observed cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ) , toxoplasmosis , Mycobacterium avium complex ( MAC ) and cryptosporidiosis reported as a first ADI was substantially fewer in people heterozygous for the CCR 5 Delta32 mutation than for those without the mutation , despite similar age , CD 4 T cell count at AIDS diagnosis , year of AIDS diagnosis and receipt of antiretroviral treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have identified a subset of CD 56 ( + ) CD 3 ( ) human natural killer ( NK ) cells that express CD 4 and the HIV coreceptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 . ^^^ These cells can be productively infected in vitro by both CCR 5 and CXCR 4 using molecular clones of HIV 1 in a CD 4 dependent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PCR analysis revealed a significant delay in production of early in vitro reverse transcription intermediates in macaque 359 cells compared to susceptible controls , but cell fusion assays showed that SIV entered the CD 4 ( + ) CCR 5 ( + ) cells of macaque 359 as readily as cells of macaques susceptible to SIV infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Full length Env clones from UK 1 br required lower CCR 5 and CD 4 levels than Env clones from MACS 2 br to function efficiently in cell to cell fusion and single round infection assays . ^^^ Relatively high levels of UK 1 br and MACS 2 br Envs bound to CCR 5 in the absence of soluble CD 4 . ^^^ These results predict the presence of HIV 1 variants with increased CCR 5 affinity and reduced dependence on CCR 5 and CD 4 in the brains of some AIDS patients with central nervous system disease and suggest that R 5 variants with increased CCR 5 affinity may represent a pathogenic viral phenotype contributing to the neurodegenerative manifestations of AIDS . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the surface expression of CCR 5 on CD 4 ( + ) cells from PBMC , analysed by flow cytometry , appeared to be similar in all MS subtypes and controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Increased CD 4 and CCR 5 expression and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 entry in CD 40 ligand stimulated macrophages . ^^^ The effects of a soluble trimeric CD 40 ligand ( CD40L ) agonist on the expression of CD 4 and CCR 5 and on human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) type 1 entry into and replication in human macrophages were investigated . ^^^ CD40L increased the number of CD 4 and CCR 5 antibody binding sites and the percentage of CD 4 and CCR 5 expressing cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results show the presence of mRNA for CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 chemokine receptors on baboon microglial cells . ^^^ We also show productive infection of baboon microglial cells by two SHIV isolates , SHIV KU and SHIV 89 . 6P , and blockade of the infection with soluble CD 4 protein , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 monoclonal antibodies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The virus in the supernatant from p95TNIH022 transfected 293T cells showed infectivity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs ) as well as in MAGIC 5 cells , which express CD 4 and CCR 5 , but not in the original MAGI cells , indicating that p95TNIH022 is an infectious molecular clone with CCR 5 tropism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The chemokine receptor , CCR 5 , is used as a human immunodeficiency virus coreceptor in combination with CD 4 during transmission and early infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Memory and naive CD 4 ( + ) T cells expressed similarly high levels of CCR 1 ; however , CCR 5 was only expressed in memory CD 4 ( + ) T cells at low levels . ^^^ Thus , a failure of the ligand induced activation of CCR 1 mediated downstream signaling event as well as a deficiency of CCR 5 expression may be involved in the hyporesponsiveness of naive CD 4 ( + ) T cells to CCL 3 and CCL5 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interestingly , although both isolates were nearly equally potent in depleting CCR 5 ( + ) CD 4 ( + ) T cells , the cytotoxic effect of the 1999 isolate toward CCR 5 ( ) CD 4 ( + ) T cells was significantly higher . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Macrophage colony stimulating factor ( M CSF ) enhances the susceptibility of macrophages to infection with HIV 1 , in part by increasing the expression of CD 4 and CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Besides CD 4 , which is the major receptor for HIV 1 and SIV , a number of chemokine receptors including but not limited to APJ , CCR 3 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 may be coreceptors for HIV 1 / SIV , not only in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues but also in the central nervous system ( CNS ) . ^^^ The present studies reveal the lack of CD 4 , but the significant expression of various chemokine receptors , APJ , CCR 3 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 , plus C type lectins DC SIGN and L SIGN on isolated primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells ( MVECs ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , both CD 4 ( + ) and CD 4 ( ) NKT cells frequently express both CXCR 4 and CCR 5 HIV coreceptors . ^^^ HIV infection experiments in vitro show preferential depletion of CD 4 ( + ) NKT cells relative to regular CD 4 ( + ) T cells , in particular with virus that uses the CCR 5 coreceptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There was no experimental evidence that this difference was due to a lower availability of target cells for viral infection ( PBMCs positive for CD 4 and CCR 5 molecules ) or to a differential susceptibility to apoptosis ( PBMCs positive for CD 4 and CD 95 molecules ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Some retroviruses such as HIV 1 and HIV 2 utilize one receptor for high affinity binding ( CD 4 ) , and a separate coreceptor to mediate fusion of the viral envelope with the cell membrane ( CCR 5 or CXCR 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CCR 5 mediates Fas and caspase 8 dependent apoptosis of both uninfected and HIV infected primary human CD 4 T cells . ^^^ Isolated activation of CCR 5 by membrane bound , or soluble R 5 Env causes a Fas and caspase 8 dependent death also of uninfected CD 4 T cells . ^^^ Additional studies demonstrate that isolated CCR 5 activation by R 5 Env leads to both de novo expression of FasL and induction of susceptibility to Fas mediated apoptosis in resting primary CD 4 T cells . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : These results ascribe to CCR 5 a novel role in activating the Fas pathway and caspase 8 as well as triggering FasL production when activated by R 5 Env , ultimately causing CD 4 T cell death . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CCR 5 encodes a cell surface chemokine receptor molecule that serves as the principal coreceptor , with CD 4 , for HIV type 1 ( HIV 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have further shown that CCR 5 , but not CD 4 , is coexpressed with DC SIGNR on hepatic sinusoidal and placental capillary endothelial cells . ^^^ However , CD 4 positive CCR 5 positive cells , such as hepatic Kupffer cells , placental Hofbauer cells , and CD 4 positive T lymphocytes in lymph nodes , can be found adjacent to DC SIGNR positive endothelium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human adipose cells express CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 [ corrected ] receptors : a new target cell type for the immunodeficiency virus 1 . ^^^ The aim of this paper is to present evidence of the expression of CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 receptors by human adipocytes and to test whether adipose cells support HIV entry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previous studies have suggested that these interactions are possible because HIV 1 receptors CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 partition in cholesterol enriched membrane raft domains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein gp 120 interacts with CD 4 and the CCR 5 coreceptor in order to mediate viral entry . ^^^ A CD 4 induced surface on gp 120 , primarily composed of residues in the V 3 loop and the C 4 domain , interacts with CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A growing body of evidence suggests that a dual mechanism may be required for effective mucosal protection , mediated by specific CD 4 and CD 8 T cell and antibody responses to the immunizing agents , plus innate antiviral factors and beta chemokines that down regulate CCR 5 coreceptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Posttranslational sulfation of tyrosine residues in the N terminal tail of CCR 5 is critical for high affinity interaction of the receptor with the HIV 1 envelope glycoprotein gp 120 in complex with CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Entry of most primary human immunodeficiency virus , type 1 ( HIV 1 ) isolates into their target cells requires the cellular receptor CD 4 and the G protein coupled chemokine coreceptor CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Efficient HIV 1 entry typically requires binding of the viral envelope glycoproteins and host cell receptors , CD 4 and either CCR 5 or CXCR 4 chemokine receptors . ^^^ These results demonstrate that the CD 4 and CCR 5 proteins of New World monkeys represent the major restriction against HIV 1 replication in these primates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Upon binding to the host cell receptor CD 4 , gp 120 assumes a conformation that is recognized by the second receptor , CCR 5 and / or CXCR 4 , and by the CD 4 induced ( CD4i ) antibodies . ^^^ Another mutant , 423 I / P , in which the gp 120 bridging sheet was disrupted , did not bind CD 4 , CCR 5 , or CD4i antibodies , even though recognition by CD4BS antibodies was efficient . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cell entry is mediated through the CD 4 receptor and a variety of coreceptors , most importantly the chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IPC express surface molecules CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 , which are known coreceptors required for human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , HIV 1 replicates in activated human CD 4 ( + ) T cells , monocytes , and metabolically active human cells of a variety of cell types become permissive for HIV 1 replication when transduced to express CD 4 and CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^ The molecular basis of this species restriction to HIV 1 replication was investigated by using African green monkey and rhesus macaque cell lines that were stably transduced to express human CD 4 and CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CCR 5 surface expression was up regulated in resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CD 4 ( + ) clones from both kinds of patients , rendering them more susceptible to CCR 5 dependent ( R 5 ) HIV 1 infection . ^^^ Neutralization of IFN gamma increased CCR 5 expression and decreased CC chemokine secretion by CD 4 ( + ) clones from healthy and IL 12Rbeta1 ( / ) individuals , suggesting an IFN gamma dependent control of CCR 5 expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A subset of TCRgammadelta cells and CD 161 expressing thymocytes express CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 during development in the thymus and are susceptible to HIV 1 infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In particular , the studies presented herein concern the role of the gp 120 V3 loop in the CD 4 binding , the importance of the N terminal sequence of HIV coreceptor CCR 5 , the sequences patterned on CXCR 4 natural ligand ( stromal derived factor 1 [ SDF 1 ] ) as inhibitory peptides , and the importance of substrate secondary structure in determining the enzymatic processing of gp 120 precursor ( gp 160 ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These HIV inhibitory V 3 peptides exhibited specific binding to target cells that was not competed by antibodies to either the primary receptor CD 4 or the co receptors CXCR 4 and CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunoprecipitation experiments showed that CCR 5 , but not CD 4 nor Na ( + ) / H ( + ) exchanger , coprecipitates with all three subtypes ( mu , delta , and kappa ) of opioid receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although CCR 4 was found on a higher percentage of CD 4 ( + ) cells , CCR 5 ABS was twofold greater than CCR 4 ABS on CD 4 ( + ) cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV 1 entry into T cells is not dependent on CD 4 and CCR 5 localization to sphingolipid enriched , detergent resistant , raft membrane domains . ^^^ In particular , we asked whether the CD 4 and CCR 5 HIV 1 receptors need to associate with sphingolipid enriched , detergent resistant membrane domains ( rafts ) to allow viral entry into primary and T cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have recently reported that the mean number of CCR 5 coreceptors at the surface of CD 4 ( + ) T cells ( CCR 5 density ) correlates with viral load and disease progression in HIV 1 infected persons . ^^^ We sorted HOS CD 4 ( + ) CCR 5 ( + ) cells into two subpopulations , HOS ( high ) and HOS ( low ) , the former expressing seven times more cell surface CCR 5 molecules than the latter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Low levels of co receptor CCR 5 are sufficient to permit HIV envelope mediated fusion with resting CD 4 T cells . ^^^ The susceptibility of phenotypically CCR 5 negative resting CD 4 T cells for membrane fusion with a CCR 5 specific HIV 1 envelope was analysed using a novel sensitive fusion assay . ^^^ A very low overall density of CCR 5 on T cells expressing high levels of CD 4 was shown to be sufficient for HIV envelope mediated membrane fusion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Macrophages in lesions had significantly increased expression of CCR 5 and CXCR 4 compared with peripheral blood cells , and CD 4 T cells had significant up regulation of CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cells containing integrated HIV 1 LTR linked to the beta gal gene and expressing CD 4 and coreceptors CXCR 4 or CCR 5 were used to measure virus infectivity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 3 on CD 4 and CD 8 positive T cells in blood , measured by flow cytometry , was studied in 124 patients with different clinical subtypes of multiple sclerosis ( MS ) and 22 healthy controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Subsequent interaction of the envelope protein ( Env ) with the CD 4 receptor causes conformational changes that enable Env to interact with a coreceptor , generally the chemokine receptors CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We infected cultures of unstimulated human microglial cells and astrocytes of embryonic origin and of monocyte derived macrophages ( MDM ) with HCMV strain AD 169 and observed down regulation of the plasma membrane expression of CCR 5 in the three cell types , and of CXCR 4 and CD 4 in microglial cells only . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Functional expression of chemokine receptor CCR 5 on CD 4 ( + ) T cells during virus induced central nervous system disease . ^^^ The role of chemokine receptor CCR 5 in trafficking of virus specific CD 4 ( + ) T cells into the CNS of MHV infected mice was investigated . ^^^ CD 4 ( + ) T cells from immunized CCR 5 ( + / + ) and CCR 5 ( / ) mice were expanded in the presence of the immunodominant epitope present in the MHV transmembrane ( M ) protein encompassing amino acids 133 to 147 ( M 133 147 ) . ^^^ Adoptive transfer of CCR 5 ( + / + ) derived CD 4 ( + ) T cells to MHV infected RAG 1 ( / ) mice resulted in CD 4 ( + ) T cell entry into the CNS and clearance of virus from the brain . ^^^ Conversely , CD 4 ( + ) T cells from CCR 5 ( / ) mice displayed an impaired ability to traffic into the CNS of MHV infected RAG 1 ( / ) recipients , which correlated with increased viral titers , diminished macrophage accumulation , and limited demyelination . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD 4 binding site antibodies inhibit human immunodeficiency virus gp 120 envelope glycoprotein interaction with CCR 5 . ^^^ Upon binding the host cell receptor , CD 4 , gp 120 assumes a conformation that is able to bind the chemokine receptors CCR 5 or CXCR 4 , which act as coreceptors for the virus . ^^^ Here , we show that Fab fragments and complete immunoglobulin molecules of CD4BS antibodies inhibit CD 4 independent gp 120 binding to CCR 5 and cell cell fusion mediated by CD 4 independent HIV 1 envelope glycoproteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tat and Rev are indispensable regulatory factors for HIV 1 replication , whereas Env mediates virus entry by direct interaction with surface receptor CD 4 and coreceptor CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^ Macrophages that differentiated from the transduced CD 34 ( + ) cells expressed anti tat rev and env ribozymes and Rev aptamers and displayed their normal characteristic surface markers CD 14 , CD 4 , and CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV entry receptor ( CCR 5 , CD 4 , and CXCR 4 ) expression was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry assays . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) and simian ( SIV ) immunodeficiency virus entry is mediated by binding of the viral envelope glycoprotein ( Env ) to CD 4 and chemokine receptors , CCR 5 and / or CXCR 4 . ^^^ CD 4 independent Env ' s of HIV type 1 ( HIV 1 ) , HIV 2 , and SIV have been identified that exhibit exposed chemokine receptor binding sites and can bind directly to CCR 5 or CXCR 4 in the absence of CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The beta chemokine receptor , CCR 5 , is the major co receptor in conjunction with CD 4 for macrophage ( M ) tropic or ( R 5 ) isolates of HIV 1 , whereas the alpha chemokine receptor , CXCR 4 , facilitates entry of T tropic or ( X 4 ) HIV 1 strains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Evidence for CD 4 enchanced signaling through the chemokine receptor CCR 5 . ^^^ The chemokine receptor CCR 5 is constitutively associated with the T cell co receptor CD 4 in plasma cell membranes , but the physiological role of this interaction has not been elucidated . ^^^ Here we show that detergent solubilized , purified CCR 5 can directly associate with purified soluble fragments of the extracellular portion of CD 4 . ^^^ We further demonstrate that the physical association of CCR 5 and CD 4 in membrane vesicles results in the formation of a receptor complex that exhibits macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta ( MIP 1beta ) binding properties that are distinct from CCR 5 . ^^^ The affinity of the CD 4 CCR5 complex for MIP 1beta was 3 . 5 fold lower than for CCR 5 , but the interaction of CD 4 and CCR 5 resulted in a receptor complex that exhibited enhanced G protein signaling as compared with CCR 5 alone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The chemotactic activity of the Mtb infected DC supernatants was evaluated by migration assays using activated NK , CD 4 ( + ) , and CD 8 ( + ) cells that expressed both CCR 5 and CXCR 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No CD 4 , CXCR 4 or CCR 5 expression was evident on the surface of Leydig cells and transduction with a CD 4 expressing adenovirus did not induce HIV 1 infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ectopic CCR 5 expression in CD 4 ( + ) transformed cells or pharmacological inhibition of G ( alpha ) 1 proteins coupled to CCR 5 left unsolved whether CCR 5 dependent cell activation is necessary for the HIV life cycle . ^^^ In this study , we investigated the role played by HIV induced CCR 5 dependent cell signaling during infection of primary CD 4 expressing leukocytes . ^^^ We conclude that in a primary , CCR 5 reconstituted CD 4 ( + ) cell environment , G protein signaling is dispensable for R 5 HIV 1 isolates to actively infect primary CD 4 ( + ) T lymphocytes or macrophages . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report that CCR 5 Delta 32 heterozygous individuals had a greater CD 4 ( + ) T cell response to continuous intravenous IL 2 ( CIV IL 2 ) treatment than those homozygous for the wild type allele ( median = 427 vs 237 cells / mm ( 3 ) ; P = 0 . 03 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To identify the putative receptor , we tested the cell surface expression of previously described receptors such as CD 4 , nucleolin , galactosylceramide , and CCR 1 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 by cytometry and RT PCR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) entry into CD 4 ( + ) cells requires the chemokine receptors CCR 5 or CXCR 4 as co fusion receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In mature female macaques , 54 % 67 % of the vaginal CD 4 ( + ) T cells expressed C chemokine receptor 5 ( CCR 5 ) , whereas 84 % 99 % coexpressed CXC chemokine receptor 4 . ^^^ In contrast , only 4 . 4 % 14 . 8 % of peripheral blood and 2 . 4 % 13 % of lymph node CD 4 ( + ) T cells coexpressed CCR 5 . ^^^ Moreover , CCR 5 mean channel fluorescence was significantly higher on CD 4 cells from the vagina , compared with those from blood . ^^^ In macaques intravenously infected with SIV , rapid depletion of CD 4 ( + ) T cells was observed in the vagina , particularly among the CCR 5 ( + ) CD 4 ( + ) subset . ^^^ This demonstrates that large numbers of CD 4 ( + ) T cells expressing high levels of CCR 5 reside within the vagina and that these cells are preferentially targeted for elimination by SIV infection . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The inhibitory effects of anti CD 63 in primary macrophages could not be explained by changes in the levels of CD 4 , CCR 5 , or beta chemokines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MATERIALS AND METHODS : Expression of CCR 5 and related receptors CCR 1 and CCR 3 on CD 4 and CD 8 positive T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) and CSF was determined by flow cytometry in 20 patients with ON , 16 control patients with lumbar spondylosis , 20 healthy controls ( HC ) and 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We postulated that a larger pool of CD 4 T cells expressing CCR 5 would be present among individuals in the Indian population . ^^^ To validate this hypothesis , we estimated the percentage of CD 4 cells expressing CCR 5 or CXCR 4 molecules among healthy south Indian adults and HIV infected individuals . ^^^ A two colour flowcytometry examination of the blood sample was done using the following monoclonals ; anti CD 45 ( FITC ) / CD14 ( PE ) , anti IgG 1 ( FITC ) / IgG2a ( PE ) , anti CD 3 ( FITC ) / CD4 ( PE ) , anti CD 3 ( FITC ) / CD8 ( PE ) , anti CD 4 ( FITC ) and anti CCR 5 ( PE ) or anti CXCR 4 ( PE ) . ^^^ RESULTS : In the healthy population ( n = 30 ) studied , 24 . 6 per cent of CD 4 T cells expressed CCR 5 and the percentage of CD 4 T cells expressing CXCR 4 was 80 . 4 . ^^^ Among the HIV infected individuals ( n = 51 ) the percentage of CD 4 T cells expressing CCR 5 and CXCR 4 was 26 . 8 and 78 . 7 per cent respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Con A activated macaque CD 4 enriched PBMCs retained 88 % of CXCR 4 and 39 % of CCR 5 expression over 17 days compared with PHA activated cells ( 50 % for CXCR 4 , 16 % for CCR 5 ) and anti CD3 / CD28 activated cells ( 34 % for CXCR 4 , 37 % for CCR 5 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although MDM activation by immobilized IgG induced high levels of macrophage derived chemokine secretion as well as a sustained down regulation of CD 4 and a transient decrease in CCR 5 expression , these factors did not appear to play a major role in the suppression of HIV 1 replication . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cloned Du 151 env gene encoded a functional protein as demonstrated by fusion of VRP infected cells with cells expressing CD 4 and CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to infect a target cell , the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp 120 has to interact with both the cellular receptor CD 4 and an HIV coreceptor , i . e . the CC or CXC chemokine receptor CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Localization of CD 4 and CCR 5 in living cells . ^^^ Using high resolution deconvolution fluorescent microscopy of living cells , we found that both CD 4 and CCR 5 accumulate in protruding membrane structures containing actin and ezrin . ^^^ Although CD 4 and CCR 5 extensively colocalize in these structures , they do not exist in a stable complex . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Purified trophoblast or trophoblastic cell lines express low levels of chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 but not CD 4 on the cell surface . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) utilizes CD 4 as a primary receptor for viral entry and any of several 7 transmembrane chemokine receptors , including CCR 5 , as a co receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This article demonstrates that SIV infected sooty mangabeys have significantly reduced CCR 5 expression on their CD 4 ( + ) T cells compared with uninfected mangabeys or rhesus macaques . ^^^ Combined , this suggests that either CD 4 ( + ) T cells downregulate CCR 5 expression , or that CCR 5 ( + ) CD 4 ( + ) T cells are lost and not replenished in early SIV infection of sooty mangabeys . ^^^ Regardless of the mechanism involved , significantly lower levels of CCR 5 expression on CD 4 ( + ) T cells of SIV infected mangabeys may play a major role in the diminished immune responses and the lack of disease progression in this natural host species . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lu cell line stably expressing human CD 4 and CCR 5 receptors supported a spreading HIV 1 infection with few , if any , deficiencies compared to findings in human cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) entry is mediated by the consecutive interaction of the envelope glycoprotein gp 120 with CD 4 and a coreceptor such as CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PBMCs were stained by anti CCR 3 , CCR 4 , CCR 5 , CXCR 3 , CD 4 , CD 8 , CD45RO and beta 7 integrin , and the expression of the chemokine receptors were determined by flow cytometry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast to a previous study , we found that the 589T polymorphism was associated with a delayed acquisition of X 4 HIV 1 variants ( RH , 0 . 56 ; P = 0 . 02 for IL 4 589 C / T or T / T ) and a reduced number of CCR 5 expressing memory CD 4 T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this report , we evaluated expression of HIV receptors and coreceptors on epithelial cells in the uterus and found they express several receptors critical for HIV infection including CD 4 , CXCR 4 , CCR 5 and galactosylceramide ( GalC ) . ^^^ Expression of CD 4 and CCR 5 on uterine epithelial cells is high throughout the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle when blood levels of oestradiol are high . ^^^ During the secretory phase of the cycle when both oestradiol and progesterone are elevated , CD 4 and CCR 5 expression decreased whereas CXCR 4 expression remained elevated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chronically infected individuals exhibited striking depletion of GALT CD 4 ( + ) T cells expressing CXCR 4 , CCR 5 , and alpha E beta 7 integrin , but CD 4 ( + ) / CD8 ( + ) T cell ratios in blood and GALT were similar . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
With the disulfide bond intact , these cells did not fuse to target cells expressing CD 4 and CCR 5 , but the fusion process did advance to an intermediate state : cleaving the disulfide bond with a reducing agent after but not before binding to target cells allowed fusion to occur . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To clarify the immunologic differences among patients with various severities of AITD , we examined two types of molecules on peripheral T lymphocytes : CD 195 ( CCR 5 ) , which express dominantly on CD 4 ( + ) type 1 helper T ( T ( H ) 1 ) cells , and CD 30 , which is known as a marker of CD 4 ( + ) type 2 helper T ( T ( H ) 2 ) cells and a regulatory molecule of CD 8 ( + ) autoreactive cytotoxic T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of conjugates between MDDCs and T cells revealed that , in the absence of antigen specific signaling , the HIV receptors CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 on the T cell were recruited to the interface while the MDDCs concentrated HIV to the same region . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To measure CCR 5 and CXCR 4 chemokine receptor expression on CD 4 and CD 8 T cells in HIV 1 infection and to relate levels to the distribution of CD45RO memory and CD45RA naive subsets after effective HAART . ^^^ METHODS : Four color cytofluorometry with appropriate conjugated monoclonal antibodies ( mAbs ) was performed to define CD45RA and CD45RO subsets of CD 4 and CD 8 T cells and measure the expression of CCR 5 , CXCR 4 in blood from 43 received HAART patients and 5 non treated HIV and 13 healthy controls . ^^^ RESULTS : The levels of CCR 5 and CXCR 4 on CD 4 and CD 8 T cells and their CD45RO / CD45RA subsets in HIV 1 infected patients had not any statistical significance than that on control subjects and effective HAART could adjust the expression on T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BMVECs were weakly positive for CD 4 but negative for CCR 5 and CXCR 4 and were susceptible to infection by the same subset of isolates that infected astrocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Unique pattern of convergent envelope evolution in simian immunodeficiency virus infected rapid progressor macaques : association with CD 4 independent usage of CCR 5 . ^^^ A cell cell fusion assay revealed that representative env clones utilized CCR 5 as a coreceptor , independent of CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Then , HIV and HCV loads , aminotransferases , and CD 4 and CD 8 cell counts were compared between the resulting subsets of CCR 5 Delta32 / wild type heterozygotes , CCR 5 Delta32 , and wild type homozygotes , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cytolysis by CCR 5 using human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins is dependent on membrane fusion and can be inhibited by high levels of CD 4 expression . ^^^ As is the case for CXCR 4 ( + ) target cells , HIV 1 envelope glycoproteins expressed by single round HIV 1 vectors killed transduced CD 4 ( + ) CCR 5 ( + ) cells in a membrane fusion dependent manner . ^^^ Furthermore , a CD 4 independent R 5 HIV 1 envelope glycoprotein was able to kill CD 4 negative target cells expressing CCR 5 , demonstrating that CD 4 is not intrinsically required for the induction of death . ^^^ These results demonstrate that the interaction of CCR 5 with R 5 HIV 1 envelope glycoproteins capable of inducing membrane fusion leads to cell lysis ; overexpression of CD 4 can inhibit cell killing by limiting envelope glycoprotein processing . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cells of this cell line express CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 on their surfaces and secrete human placental alkaline phosphatase into the culture supernatants during HIV 1 infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
LAD 1 and 2 cells have the ultrastructural features of human mast cells , and express FcepsilonRI , CD 4 , 9 , 13 , 14 , 22 , 31 , 32 , 45 , 64 , 71 , 103 , 117 , 132 , CXCR 4 ( CD 184 ) , CCR 5 ( CD 195 ) ; and intracytoplasmic histamine , tryptase and chymase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
High percentages of CCR 5 ( + ) cells among total cells ( relative hazard [ RH ] , 2 . 55 ; 95 % confidence interval [ 95 % CI ] , 0 . 99 6 . 52 ) , but not among CD45RO ( ) CD 4 ( + ) and CD45RO ( + ) CD 4 ( + ) cells preseroconversion and among total cells and CD45RO ( ) CD 4 ( + ) cells ( RH , 2 . 70 ; 95 % CI , 1 . 06 6 . 92 and RH , 3 . 54 ; 95 % CI , 1 . 27 9 . 90 , respectively ) 5 years after seroconversion were associated with more rapid progression to AIDS . ^^^ One year after seroconversion , high percentages of CXCR 4 ( + ) cells among total and CD45RO ( ) CD 4 ( + ) cells were associated with delayed development of X 4 variants ( RH , 0 . 49 ; 95 % CI , 0 . 20 1 . 21 and RH , 0 . 41 ; 95 % CI , 0 . 17 1 . 02 , respectively ) , whereas no association was observed for the percentage of CCR 5 ( + ) cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemical analysis of 15 cases has consistently revealed that infiltrating CD 4 ( + ) and CD 8 ( + ) T cells in the submucosa predominantly expressed CCR 5 and CXCR 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : A cross sectional analysis of CCR 5 expression was carried out on CD 4 and CD 8 T lymphocytes of 11 HGV positive and 12 HGV negative persons , who were homozygous for the CCR 5 wild type gene . ^^^ Finally , our cross sectional analysis revealed CCR 5 expression to be reduced by 53 % and 36 % on CD 4 and CD 8 lymphocytes of HGV infected subjects , respectively ( P < 0 . 01 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The dominant virus from Q 23 and Q 47 , but not from Q 45 , infected a significantly higher number of CCR 5 and CD 4 expressing GHOST cells than the weaker chimeras . ^^^ These data indicate that distinct envelope genotypes identified in clade A infected women near seroconversion confer unique phenotypes that affect viral fitness and that may be due , in part , to different requirements for relative configuration of CD 4 and CCR 5 on infected cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To address their migratory properties of CD 4 ( + ) CD 28 ( ) T cells we studied the expression of the inducible inflammatory Th 1 type chemokine receptor CCR 5 in localized WG and generalized WG . ^^^ In localized WG a larger fraction of CD 4 ( + ) CD 28 ( ) T cells displayed CCR 5 expression compared to generalized WG . ^^^ Higher levels of CCR 5 expression on CD 4 ( + ) CD 28 ( ) T cells in localized WG may favor stronger CCR 5 mediated recruitment of this T cell subset into granulomatous lesions in localized WG . ^^^ Expansion of Th 1 type CD 4 ( + ) CD 28 ( ) CCR 5 ( + ) effector memory T cells might contribute to disease progression and autoreactivity , either directly , by maintaining the inflammatory response , or as a result of bystander activation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV 1 entry into target cells is a multistep process : virus attachment is initiated by the binding of trimeric envelope glycoprotein gp 120 complexes on the virions to glycosylated T cell surface receptor ( CD 4 ) and HIV GPCR coreceptors ( CCR 5 or CXCR 4 ) leading to envelope glycoprotein gp 41 dependent fusion pore formation and membrane fusion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The current general model of HIV viral entry involves the binding of the trimeric viral envelope glycoprotein gp120 / gp41 to cell surface receptor CD 4 and chemokine co receptor CXCR 4 or CCR 5 , which triggers conformational changes in the envelope proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In a Th 2 dependent model of allergic pulmonary inflammation , CD 4 ( + ) lymphocytes bearing CCR 3 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 trafficked in reduced numbers to the lung after acute inhalation challenge with allergen ( OVA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interaction of soluble CD 4 with the chemokine receptor CCR 5 . ^^^ The chemokine receptor CCR 5 is constitutively associated with the T cell co receptor CD 4 in plasma cell membranes . ^^^ The CD 4 CCR5 complex exhibits distinct binding properties for macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta ( MIP 1beta ) and enhanced G protein signaling as compared with those of CCR 5 alone . ^^^ Here we report that recombinant soluble CD 4 , when refolded into its dimeric form , allosterically modulates CCR 5 and decreases the affinity for its natural ligand MIP 1beta . ^^^ Monomeric soluble CD 4 had little inhibitory effect on CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Like that of CCR 5 , antibody association with gp 120 is dependent on sulfate moieties , enhanced by CD 4 , and inhibited by sulfated CCR 5 derived peptides . ^^^ These studies identify a distinct subset of CD 4 induced HIV 1 neutralizing antibodies that closely emulate CCR 5 and demonstrate that tyrosine sulfation can contribute to the potency and diversity of the human humoral response . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The HIV 1 envelope glycoprotein gp 120 interacts consecutively with CD 4 and CCR 5 to mediate the entry of R 5 HIV 1 strains into target cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our previous studies demonstrated that a trimeric soluble form of CD40L ( CD40LT ) activates macrophages to produce beta chemokines and decrease CCR 5 and CD 4 cell surface expression , thus inducing resistance to HIV 1 infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Viruses were isolated from 17 patients at various time points after seroconversion and their coreceptor usage was examined using GHOST cells expressing CD 4 and one of the HIV 1 chemokine coreceptors CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , BOB / GPR15 , and Bonzo / STRL33 / CXCR6 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Monoclonal antibodies against CD 4 , CCR 5 or CRTH 2 were used as primary antibodies . ^^^ The number of cells expressing CD 4 , CCR 5 or CRTH 2 per unit area was calculated by using an image analyzer . ^^^ RESULTS : In the patients with UC , the numbers of CD 4 and CCR 5 positive cells were significantly increased in inflamed mucosa , and appeared to be correlated with the disease activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Propagation of R 5 strains of HIV 1 on CD 4 lymphocytes and macrophages requires expression of the CCR 5 coreceptor on the cell surface . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
M tropic HIV strains gain access to their host cell via interaction of the viral envelope protein gp 120 with the CCR 5 coreceptor and CD 4 located on the host cell . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , venous blood was obtained from MS patients concurrent with MRI examination of the brain , and expression of chemokine receptors CCR 1 , CCR 2 , CCR 5 , CXCR 3 and CXCR 4 by CD 4 T cells and monocytes , proportions of Tr cells , as well as expression of CD45RO , CD 95 , CTLA 4 , HLA DR and interleukin ( IL ) 10 by Tr cells and non Tr ( CD 25 ) CD 4 T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SIVagm needs the CD 4 molecule and a chemokine receptor , usually CCR 5 , Bonzo and / or Bob , for cell entry . ^^^ Molecular and functional analyses of AGM CD 4 and CCR 5 revealed evidence of a true co evolution between SIVagm and their natural hosts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV 1 infection requires initial interactions between the viral envelope surface glycoprotein gp 120 , the cell surface protein CD 4 , and a chemokine receptor CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therapeutic agents that interfere with the binding of the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp 120 to the CD 4 receptor ( e . g . , PRO 542 , PRO 2000 , and CV N ) or the coreceptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 ( e . g . , SCH C and AMD 3100 ) are briefly outlined in this review . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We next investigated the role of CXCR 3 on peripheral effector / memory CD 4 ( + ) T cells by comparing its pattern of expression with that of CCR 5 , another Th 1 cell associated chemokine receptor . ^^^ Analysis of cells directly from peripheral blood and after activation in vitro suggested that CXCR 3 expression preceded that of CCR 5 , supporting a model of sequential induction of chemokine receptors during CD 4 ( + ) T cell differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MS is a T helper type 1 ( Th 1 ) dominant condition , and Th 1 associated chemokine receptors ( CCR 5 and CXCR 3 ) on CD 4 and CD 8 positive T cells and their ligands are upregulated in the CNS of the patients with active disease . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Purified complexes of HIV 1 envelope glycoproteins with CD 4 and CCR 5 ( CXCR 4 ) : production , characterization and immunogenicity . ^^^ To begin to evaluate their potential also as vaccine immunogens we produced relatively large amounts of complexes of purified recombinant soluble truncated Env , gp 140 ( 89 . 6 ) or gp 120 ( 89 . 6 ) , with CD 4 and CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^ We found that gp 140 ( gp 120 ) CD 4 CCR5 complexes are stable and immunogenic in mice transgenic for human CD 4 and CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Individuals with CTL activity ( HIV 1 env ( IIIB ) or pol or gag ) were then compared to those without CTL activity in relation to plasma HIV 1 RNA , ICD p 24 antigen , beta ( 2 ) microglobulin , CD 4 and CD 8 T cell counts , CCR 5 and CCR2b genotypes , and progression to CD 4 < 500 cells / microl or commencement of antiretroviral treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The initial event by which M tropic HIV strains gain access to cells is via interaction of the viral envelope protein gp 120 with the host cell CCR 5 coreceptor and CD 4 . ^^^ The assay design uses human osteosarcoma ( HOS ) cells stably transfected with cDNAs expressing CCR 5 , CD 4 , and long terminal repeat ( LTR ) luciferase as the recipient host cell . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Increased density of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coreceptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 on the surfaces of CD 4 ( + ) T cells and monocytes of patients with Schistosoma mansoni infection . ^^^ Distribution of chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , which are also coreceptors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 invasion of cells , was measured on the surfaces of CD 4 ( + ) T cells and monocytes in peripheral blood samples from a group of Kenyan car washers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cell free HIV type 1 infection is restricted in the human trophoblast choriocarcinoma BeWo cell line , even with expression of CD 4 , CXCR 4 and CCR 5 . ^^^ CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , but not the CD 4 molecule , were detected at the cell surface . ^^^ Thus , BeWo is an interesting human placental cell line that is resistant to HIV 1 , even if CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 are expressed . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV 1 ) enters target cells by binding its gp 120 exterior envelope glycoprotein to CD 4 and one of the chemokine receptors , CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Additionally , a number of Envs mediated CD 4 independent fusion via CCR 5 and GPR 15 . ^^^ Envs from different inoculum viruses exhibited distinct dependencies on CD 4 for fusion via CCR 5 , ranging from strictly CD 4 dependent to efficiently CD 4 independent . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analyses of CD 4 , CXCR 4 and CCR 5 expression on preadipocytes and adipocytes revealed that receptor co expression levels did not permit HIV 1 entry into adipose cells from all biopsies tested . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because chemokine receptor CCR 5 is expressed predominantly in Th 1 cells and is physically associated with CD 4 , we investigated whether IL 16 / CD4 stimulation was enhanced in the presence of CCR 5 . ^^^ The presence of CCR 5 significantly increased IL 16 binding vs CD 4 alone ; however , IL 16 could not bind to CCR 5 alone . ^^^ Because CD 4 ( + ) CCR 5 ( + ) cells are prevalent at sites of inflammation , this intimate functional relationship likely plays a pivotal role for the recruitment and activation of Th 1 cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Peripheral blood lymphocytes were double stained for CD 4 or CD 8 , as well as CD11a , CD 25 , CD 26 , CD 29 and CD45RA or the chemokine receptors CCR 3 , CCR 4 , CCR 5 or CXCR 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) fuses with cells after sequential interactions between its envelope glycoproteins , CD 4 and a coreceptor , usually CC chemokine receptor 5 ( CCR 5 ) or CXC receptor 4 ( CXCR 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Protection from HIV 1 infection of primary CD 4 T cells by CCR 5 silencing is effective for the full spectrum of CCR 5 expression . ^^^ We have tested lentiviral vectors expressing shRNAs targetting CCR 5 in primary CD 4 T cells from donors representing various CCR 5 and CCR 2 genetic backgrounds covering the full spectrum of CCR 5 expression levels and permissiveness for HIV 1 infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Early in infection , human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) generally uses the CCR 5 chemokine receptor ( along with CD 4 ) for cellular entry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By using SAP , we identified two scFv antibodies , m 6 and m 9 , that were tested with a panel of 33 diverse primary HIV 1 infectious isolates in an assay based on a reporter cell line expressing high levels of CD 4 , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study demonstrates that the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) binding C type lectin DC SIGN is coexpressed with CD 4 and CCR 5 on dendritic cells / macrophages in human foreskin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Concerning the mechanism of inhibition of the Gal AMD 3100 conjugates , experiments performed with X 4 or R5HIV 1 strains and GHOST cells genetically modified to express CD 4 and CXCR 4 or CCR 5 indicated clearly that the conjugates interact with CXCR 4 and not with CCR5 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The numbers of CCR 5 ( + ) cells , which were composed of mainly CD 8 ( + ) and partly CD 4 ( + ) T cells , were positively correlated with the degree of neutrophil infiltration , and decreased in areas with intestinal metaplasia or mucosal atrophy . ^^^ RANTES / CCL5 , one of the ligands of CCR 5 , was localized mainly in CD 8 ( + ) and partly CD 4 ( + ) T cells with a characteristic dotted pattern , and such lymphocytes were most densely distributed around the neck region of gastric glands . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Receptor recognition by HIV 1 occurs via interactions between the viral surface envelope glycoprotein ( Env ) , gp 120 , and CD 4 and a chemokine receptor , CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , we observed that lower doses of FTY ( 0 . 25 2 mg , n = 11 ) did not affect peripheral CD 4 ( + ) CCR 5 ( + ) T lymphocyte counts , while the highest FTY dose of 3 . 5 mg ( n = 2 ) exerted a rapid reduction of CD 4 ( + ) CCR 5 ( + ) cells . ^^^ It seems that only FTY doses above 2 mg are able to reduce peripheral CD 4 ( + ) CCR 5 ( + ) T lymphocytes , which are potentially capable of infiltrating into the allograft during rejection . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we demonstrate that efficient expression of the CCR5Delta32 protein in primary CD 4 ( + ) cells by use of a recombinant adenovirus ( Ad5 / Delta32 ) was able to down regulate surface expression of both wild type CCR 5 and CXCR 4 and to confer broad resistance to R 5 , R5X4 , and X 4 HIV type 1 ( HIV 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The linear peptide 12p1 ( RINNIPWSEAMM ) was previously isolated from a phage display library and was found to inhibit interaction of HIV 1 gp 120 with both CD 4 and a CCR 5 surrogate , mAb 17b [ Ferrer , M . , and Harrison , S . ( 1999 ) J . ^^^ These results suggest that 12p1 preferentially binds gp 120 prior to engagement of CD 4 ; binding of the peptide to gp 120 limits the interaction with ligands ( CD 4 and CCR 5 ) that are generally crucial for viral entry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Functional expression of CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 in glycosphingolipid deficient mouse melanoma GM 95 cells and susceptibility to HIV 1 envelope glycoprotein triggered membrane fusion . ^^^ GM 95 cells expressing low levels of CD 4 and CXCR 4 or CCR 5 did not support HIV 1 Env mediated fusion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Peripheral blood lymphocytes of 18 patients with idiopathic intermediate uveitis and 6 patients with presumed sarcoid intermediate uveitis were evaluated for CD 4 ( + ) T cell expression of CD 69 , CCR 4 , CCR 5 , CXCR 3 and the intracellular cytokines IFNgamma , TNFalpha , and interleukin ( IL ) 10 by flow cytometry , and for IL 2 , IL 4 , IL 5 , IL 10 , IFNgamma , and TNFalpha production following unstimulated and activated culture using cytokine bead array and compared with healthy control subjects . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cells expressing a viral envelope glycoprotein and the N terminal alpha fragment of beta galactosidase were mixed with cells expressing the C terminal beta galactosidase fragment , CD 4 , CCR 5 , or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CXCR 4 antibodies , as well as the endogenous ligand SDF 1alpha , were effective in blocking Nef induced apoptosis , while CCR 5 and CD 4 antibodies were ineffective . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It has been found that infection of target cells with the CC chemokine receptor 5 restricted ( R 5 ) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) isolate requires the presence of CD 4 and CCR 5 molecules on the surface of target cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bispecific short hairpin siRNA constructs targeted to CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 confer HIV 1 resistance . ^^^ Dual specific short hairpin siRNA constructs , containing an 8 nucleotide intervening spacer , targeted against either CXCR 4 and CD 4 or CCR 5 and CXCR 4 were synthesized by in vitro transcription . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Amino acid 324 in the simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac V 3 loop can confer CD 4 independence and modulate the interaction with CCR 5 and alternative coreceptors . ^^^ These changes modulated CCR 5 engagement and , in some cases , allowed the efficient usage of CCR 5 in the absence of CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The envelope glycoprotein complex ( Env ) , encoded by the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV 1 ) , kills uninfected cells expressing CD 4 and / or the chemokine receptor CXCR 4 or CCR 5 , via at least three independent mechanisms . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To initiate infection , HIV 1 interacts with two cell surface receptors ; CD 4 is the primary receptor and the beta chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 usually serve as secondary receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Unlike microglia that express and utilize CD 4 and chemokine coreceptors CCR 5 and CCR 3 for HIV 1 infection , astrocytes fail to express CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The systemic ( peripheral blood ) and local ( decidua ) percentages of CD 4 ( + ) , CD 8 ( + ) , CD 26 ( + ) and CD 56 ( + ) cells as well as the number of Th 1 lymphocytes ( CCR 5 ( + ) cells ) were assessed in samples from women after SAs ( n = 20 ) and from women with normally progressing pregnancies ( NPs ) ( n = 27 ) using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to the CD 4 molecule that binds to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) envelope glycoprotein gp 120 , productive HIV 1 infection requires interaction with cellular receptors for alpha or beta chemokines ( CXCR 4 and CCR 5 respectively ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Changes in Env that increase affinity for CD 4 or CCR 5 or increase coreceptor binding site exposure enhanced the capacity of HIV 1 to induce bystander apoptosis following viral infection or exposure to nonreplicating virions . ^^^ Apoptosis induced by HIV 1 virions was inhibited by CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 antibodies or by the CXCR 4 inhibitor AMD 3100 , but not the fusion inhibitor T 20 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , siRNA directed to CXCR 4 or CCR 5 did not have an effect on CD 4 cells or green fluorescence protein expression . siRNA directed to CXCR 4 did not suppress CCR 5 expression or vice versa . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The amount of CCR 5 protein on CD 4 ( + ) cells analysed in 48 MS patients ( nine primary progressive MS , 18 secondary progressive MS , 21 relapsing remitting MS ) and 13 controls decreased with genotype , being 8 . 9 % in wt / wt , 7 . 7 % in wt / Delta32 and 4 . 3 % in Delta32 / Delta32 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although HIV uses CD 4 and coreceptors ( CCR 5 and CXCR 4 ) for productive infection of T cells , glycosphingolipids ( GSL ) may play ancillary roles in lymphoid and non lymphoid cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Along with CD 4 , HIV 1 requires a chemokine receptor , CCR 5 or CXCR 4 , as an entry co receptor , and differential co receptor selectivity is an important determinant of viral diversity and pathogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Flow cytometric analysis revealed that stromal cells express low levels ( 1 in 600 total cells ) of CD 4 and CCR 5 viral receptors , whereas CXCR 4 expression was not observed . ^^^ These data suggest the following : ( 1 ) SIV infection of HSCs requires some degree of differentiation for viral entry similar to findings for humans infected with HIV type 1 , and ( 2 ) SIV can infect bone marrow stromal cells that express CD 4 and CCR 5 in vitro , but infected stromal cells are not readily found in vivo . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To understand how changes in Env can impact entry inhibitor sensitivity , we introduced six mutations into the conserved coreceptor binding site of the R 5 HIV 1 strain YU 2 and measured the effect of these changes on CD 4 and coreceptor binding , membrane fusion levels and rates , virus infection , and sensitivity to the fusion inhibitors enfuvirtide ( T 20 ) and T 1249 , the CCR 5 inhibitor TAK 779 , and an antibody to CD 4 . ^^^ The mutations had little effect on CD 4 binding but reduced CCR 5 binding to various extents . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effects of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection on CCR 5 and CXCR 4 coreceptor expression on CD 4 T lymphocyte subsets in infants and adolescents . ^^^ HIV 1 infection alters expression of CCR 5 and CXCR 4 on CD 4 T cells in adults , although an effect by virus on expression of coreceptor genes in pediatric subjects is unknown . ^^^ We designed an exploratory study to evaluate surface expression of CXCR 4 and CCR 5 on CD45RA and CD45RO subsets of CD 4 T lymphocytes from 17 HIV 1 infected infants and adolescents and 16 healthy age matched individuals . ^^^ Among infected adolescents , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 expression was significantly increased on CD 4 CD45RO T cells , while CXCR 4 was diminished in the CD 4 CD45RA subset . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : The number of CD 4 T cells and CD 14 monocytes expressing CCR 3 ( p = 0 . 013 , p = 0 . 009 , respectively ) and CD 8 T cells expressing CCR 5 ( p = 0 . 040 ) as well as PHA stimulated secretion of IL 4 and IFNgamma ( p < 0 . 05 ) increased during treatment in patients with RA . 15 ( 60 % ) patients with RA achieved clinical response ( at least ACR 20 ) during the first 2 weeks . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine whether differential expression and functions of the CCR 7 occur in SLE patients , we examined CCR 3 , CCR 4 , CCR 5 , CCR 7 and CCR 9 on CD 4 ( + ) and CD 8 ( + ) T cells from normal and SLE subjects . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The entry of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) into target cells requires the interaction of viral envelope glycoprotein , gp 120 , with the human CD 4 glycoprotein and a chemokine receptor , usually CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The basis for such work stems from the fact that cellular proliferation of HIV 1 requires the cooperative assistance of both CCR 5 and CD 4 receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gp120s from CXCR 4 ( X 4 ) and CCR 5 ( R 5 ) using HIV 1 strains bound more efficiently to non N glycosylated than to N glycosylated CXCR 4 proteoliposomes in a CD 4 dependent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two discoveries in 1996 presented a novel opportunity to redress this issue : 1 ) the understanding that heptahelical G protein coupled chemokine receptors on the surface of T cells and macrophages functioned together with CD 4 to mediate viral entry , and 2 ) the observation that CD 4 positive T cells from individuals homozygous for the CCR 5 delta 32 null allele were resistant to infection by macrophage tropic strains of the virus in vitro and in vivo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thirteen of the envelopes were functional and conferred fusigenicity and infectivity for CD 4 ( + ) CCR 5 ( + ) cells . ^^^ Envelopes showed two very distinct phenotypes depending on their capacity to infect macrophages and to exploit low levels of CD 4 and / or CCR 5 for infection . ^^^ The enhanced macrophage tropism correlated with reduced sensitivity to inhibition by Q 4120 , a CD 4 specific antibody , but not with sensitivity to the CCR 5 inhibitor , TAK 779 . ^^^ The highly macrophage tropic envelopes were able to infect cells expressing low levels of CD 4 and / or CCR 5 . ^^^ These envelopes are able to infect cells that express low levels of CD 4 and / or CCR 5 and may have adapted for replication in brain macrophages and microglia , which are known to express limited amounts of CD4 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The HIV envelope glycoproteins ( Env ) play a crucial role in transducing this apoptotic signal after binding to its receptors , the CD 4 molecule and a coreceptor , essentially CCR 5 and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The gp 120 glycoprotein is used for binding to CD 4 receptor and CCR 5 co receptor of T helper 2 ( Th 2 ) cells and the virions shed gp 120 is able to induce FcepsilonRI+ hematopoietic cells to produce IL 4 , which inactivate the host adaptive immune response . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human CCR 5 is a G coupled receptor that binds to the envelope protein gp 120 and CD 4 and mediates the HIV 1 viral entry into the cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Strikingly , B 16 cells bearing CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and / or CCR 5 were highly resistant to CD 4 dependent HIV 1 Env mediated membrane fusion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
R 5 HIV gp 120 mediated cellular contacts induce the death of single CCR 5 expressing CD 4 T cells by a gp 41 dependent mechanism . ^^^ Therefore , only the small ( < 10 % ) CCR5+ subset of primary CD 4 T cells was sensitive to cellular presentation of R 5 Env , and CCR 5 CD4 T cells showed complete resistance to R 5 Env mediated cell death . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Significant ( P < 0 . 05 ) increases were noted in the RP group in CXCR 4 and CCR 5 expression in CD 4 cells without major differences in chemokine and interleukin 7 levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , circulating CCR 5 ( + ) memory CD 4 ( + ) T cells were selectively depleted in rapidly progressing SIV infected monkeys . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , Z 100 also downregulated expression of the cell surface receptors CD 4 and CCR 5 in MDMs , suggesting some inhibitory effect on HIV 1 entry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mobility of the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) receptor CD 4 and coreceptor CCR 5 in living cells : implications for HIV fusion and entry events . ^^^ Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching technology , we find that both CD 4 and CCR 5 are mobile in the cell membrane . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We then examined whether ligation of CD 4 , CCR 5 and \ or CXCR 4 , the receptor and coreceptors of human immunodeficiency virus envelope gp 120 , respectively , affected DC activation or maturation , neither a monoclonal antibody to the gp 120 binding site on CD 4 nor CCL 5 nor CXCL 12 , the natural ligands of CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , respectively , nor gp 120 altered the DC activation and maturation processes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this context , our studies concern : the role of gp 120 V3 loop in CD 4 binding , the importance of the N terminal sequence of HIV CCR 5 coreceptor , the potential inhibitory properties of sequences patterned on CXCR 4 natural ligand ( SDF 1 ) and the role of secondary structure in determining gp 160 enzymatic processing into gp120 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV 1 infection is initiated by the interaction of the envelope glycoprotein gp 120 with the cellular receptor CD 4 that triggers conformational changes in gp 120 necessary for subsequent interaction with a coreceptor CCR 5 ( or CXCR 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Many SIV Envs have the ability to bind directly to CCR 5 in the absence of CD 4 , and CD 4 independent SIVs have been shown to exhibit macrophage tropism , enhanced neutralization sensitivity , and reduced pathogenicity in nonhuman primates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cell surface CCR 5 is a major coreceptor with CD 4 glycoprotein , mediating cellular entry of CCR 5 strains of HIV 1 or SIV . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CONCLUSIONS : This is the first evidence that the CCR 5 haplogroup E speeds the decline of the CD 4 cell count and may lead to accelerated disease progression among HIV infected Thais . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The major findings to emerge are the following : the GI tract has the most substantial CD 4 ( + ) T cell depletion at all stages of HIV disease ; this depletion occurs preferentially within CCR 5 ( + ) CD 4 ( + ) T cells ; HIV associated immune activation results in abnormal accumulation of effector type T cells within LNs ; HIV specific T cells in LNs do not account for all effector T cells ; and T cell activation in LNs is associated with abnormal collagen deposition . ^^^ Taken together , these findings define the nature and extent of CD 4 ( + ) T cell depletion in lymphoid tissue and point to mechanisms of profound depletion of specific T cell subsets related to elimination of CCR 5 ( + ) CD 4 ( + ) T cell targets and disruption of T cell homeostasis that accompanies chronic immune activation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In conclusion , apoptosis of monocytes , CD 4 ( + ) and CD 4 ( + ) CCR 5 ( + ) T cells could be involved in the failure of cell mediated immunity that is responsible for severe immune depression in VL . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) fusion with its target cells is initiated by sequential interactions between its envelope glycoprotein , CD 4 , and a co receptor , usually CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Flow cytometric analysis and monoclonal antibody binding studies and a PCR based assay revealed that GNA and HHA do not interfere with CD 4 , CXCR 4 , CCR 5 , and DC SIGN and do not specifically bind with the membrane of uninfected cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The assay utilises two stable cell lines : one expressing CD 4 , CCR 5 and an LTR promoter / beta galactosidase reporter construct , and the other expressing gp 160 and tat . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results indicate that prostratin induces down regulation of surface expression of CD 4 and CXCR 4 , but not CCR 5 , in various cell lines . ^^^ Altogether these results showed that prostratin , through the activation of conventional and / or novel PKC isoforms , rapidly reduces cell surface expression of CD 4 and CXCR 4 , but not CCR 5 , by inducing their internalization and degradation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Taken together , these observations suggest that CCR 5 ligands , and in particular MIP 1alpha and MIP 1beta , released in the course of memory responses may play a role in protecting CD 4 ( + ) memory T cells from infection . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recent investigations have described the ability of RNAi to decrease the replication of HIV 1 in lymphocytic cells using siRNA targeting viral ( eg , Tat , Gag and Rev ) and host ( eg , CCR 5 and CD 4 ) proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Forty eight hours after influenza vaccination , mean CCR 5 expression was significantly decreased on the CD 3 ( 21 . 1 % vs 11 . 3 % in HIV infected children ; P = . 02 ; and 18 . 3 % vs 10 . 7 % in controls ; P = . 008 ) and CD 4 ( 13 . 0 % vs 3 . 6 % in the HIV group ; P = . 04 ; and 13 . 6 % vs 6 . 5 % in controls ; P = . 02 ) lymphocytes . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Influenza virus vaccine markedly decreased chemokine receptor CCR 5 expression on CD 4 T lymphocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results indicate a close relationship between HIV 1 phenotypic changes and the pathogenic process , since the mode and efficiency of CCR 5 use as well as the decrease in the RANTES sensitivities of isolated viruses are significantly correlated with CD 4 ( + ) T cell decline in a patient . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between lymphocyte P glycoprotein ( P gp ) expression and genotype in vivo and the expression of lymphocyte receptors critical in the life cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) , i . e . , CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : The CD 4 ( + ) T cell surface CCR 5 densities were drastically lower in alcoholic patients [ mean , 5319 molecules / cell ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 4477 6162 ] as compared with CCR 5 densities of the controls ( 10 944 molecules / cell [ CI 9929 11959 ] ; P < 10 ( 4 ) ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To characterize the frequency of potential targets of HIV infection within the FRT , we performed a systematic study of the expression of HIV receptors ( CD 4 , galactosyl ceramide ( GalCer ) ) and coreceptors ( CXCR 4 and CCR 5 ) on epithelial cells and leucocytes from the ectocervix . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that nNK cells could suppress HIV replication in autologous CD 4 ( + ) T cells infected with a CCR 5 utilizing virus , but were unable to suppress replication by a CXCR 4 utilizing virus . nNK cell mediated suppression of HIV replication was comparable to that of nCD 8 ( + ) T cells and greater than that of NK cells from adults . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We engineered a CEM cell line that expresses constitutively CD 4 and CXCR 4 and CCR 5 after transfection . ^^^ Furthermore , sorting CEM populations expressing low , intermediate , and high densities of CCR 5 molecules but constant amount of CD 4 , we found that the capacity to induce T cell death depends at least in part on the level of CCR 5 when low amount of virus was used to infect the CEM cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The model was improved by using AML14 . 3D10 cells that were engineered to express CCR 3 in addition to the major HIV 1 coreceptors , CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 , thus making them more like primary eosinophils . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Alternatively , a fusion protein between vif and a cell surface receptor , e . g . , CD 4 or CCR 5 , might be used as vaccine antigen . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This novel envelope gene expresses a glycoprotein that binds soluble CD 4 , utilizes CCR 5 but not CXCR 4 as a coreceptor , and mediates HIV 1 entry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We highlight evidence supporting the hypothesis that enhanced M tropism of R 5 HIV 1 results from adaptive viral evolution , resulting in HIV 1 variants that have increased ability to utilize relatively low levels of CD 4 and CCR 5 expressed on macrophages . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The external HIV envelope glycoprotein , gp 120 , sequentially interacts with two cellular receptor molecules , the CD 4 glycoprotein and a chemokine receptor , such as CCR 5 or CXCR 4 , leading to the activation of the fusogenic domain of the transmembrane viral glycoprotein , gp 41 , which changes its conformation to create a hairpin structure that eventually triggers fusion between the viral and cellular membranes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PURPOSE OF REVIEW : HIV entry into cells is mediated through sequential interactions between HIV envelope proteins ( Env ) and two cellular molecules : CD 4 and a co receptor , typically either CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In serum samples from each group , IgG to CCR 5 , IgG to CD 4 and IgA to gp 41 were measured , which were previously described as markers of unconventional immunity in HIV exposed seronegative Caucasians . ^^^ HIV specific humoral responses ( IgA to gp 41 and IgG to CD 4 gp120 complex ) were extremely significant predictors of HIV exposure ( P < 0 . 0001 in both cases ) , whereas the predictive values of anti cell antibodies ( anti CCR 5 and anti CD 4 ) varied between populations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Constitutive association of cell surface CCR 5 and CXCR 4 in the presence of CD 4 . ^^^ Here , we show that transfection of CCR 5 into CXCR 4 and CD 4 expressing 3T3 cells enhances the cell surface level of CXCR 4 . ^^^ In CD 4 expressing CCR 5 and CXCR 4 double positive NIH 3T3 cells , immunoprecipitation followed by Western blot analysis revealed that CCR 5 was associated with CXCR 4 and CD 4 . ^^^ CXCR 4 and CCR 5 were not co immunoprecipitated in cells expressing CCR 5 and CXCR 4 but without CD 4 expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The infectivity was assayed on human cells , engineered to express the HIV receptor CD 4 and the co receptor CCR 5 , as well as on peripheral blood lymphocytes and macrophages . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show that the human rheumatoid synovial microenvironment directly induces functional inflammatory ( CCR 5 and CXCR 3 ) and constitutive ( CCR 7 and CXCR 4 ) chemokine receptors on infiltrating CD 4 ( + ) T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HCC patients exhibited lower proportions of CD 4 ( + ) and CD 8 ( + ) T cells with CCR 5 , CCR 6 , and CXCR 3 expression on PBL , which occurred concurrently with the increased expression of these chemokine receptors on TIL and NIL . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In a multivariate model , higher CD 4 cell count , lower viral load , and higher natural killer cell counts were significantly associated with CCR 5 usage . ^^^ CONCLUSION : The prevalence of CCR 5 tropic HIV 1 phenotype declines with decreasing CD 4 cell count and increasing viral load . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The affected glycosylation sites were predominantly clustered in regions of gp 120 that are not involved in the direct interaction with either CD 4 , CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , or gp 41 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Primary viruses were isolated from fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs ) using the traditional co culture method and their capacity of inducing syncytium was tested in MT 2 cells ; meanwhile , their coreceptor usage was determined with GHOST cell lines which stably express CD 4 and the chemokine receptor CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The HLA DR , CD 38 and CCR 5 expression on CD 4 , CD8+ T cells in AIDS patients was higher than in asymptomatic HIV 1 infected patients and normal controls ( p < 0 . 05 ) ; The activation and CCR 5 expression on T lymphocytes significantly correlated with CD4+ T lymphocyte number and viral load . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we investigate the effects of CD 4 engagement on the redistribution and localization of chemokine receptors , CXCR 4 and CCR 5 , adhesion molecules , and lipid raft components including cholesterol , GM 1 , and glycosyl phosphatidylinositol ( GPI ) anchored proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , CCR 4 ( + ) CD 4 ( + ) cells were significantly increased from days 0 28 ( P < 0 . 05 ) , while CCR 5 ( + ) CD 4 ( + ) cells were not . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In primary CD 4 ( + ) T cells , double infection occurred most frequently when both viruses had CCR 5 tropic HIV 1 Env and least frequently when the two viruses had different envelopes . ^^^ Furthermore , we demonstrated that the CD 4 expression level in primary T cells affects their susceptibility to CCR 5 tropic HIV 1 infection but not VSV G pseudotyped HIV 1 infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The first is a lag phase that is caused in part by the concentration dependent reversible association of virus with CD 4 and CCR 5 to form an equilibrium assemblage of complexes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The neuropathogenic effects of recombinant HIV 1 clones were investigated using a novel dorsal root ganglion culture system that was comprised of sensory neurons , macrophages and Schwann cells from transgenic rats expressing human CD 4 and CCR 5 on monocytoid cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In entry assays conducted with HeLa cell lines expressing various levels of CD 4 and CCR 5 , low levels of CD 4 influenced the efficiency of entry and fusion which were dependent on viral V 1 and V 2 envelope sequences . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HR 1 mutations had minimal effect on virus sensitivity to other classes of entry inhibitors , including those targeting CD 4 binding ( BMS 806 and a CD 4 specific monoclonal antibody [ MAb ] ) , coreceptor binding ( CXCR 4 inhibitor AMD 3100 and CCR 5 inhibitor TAK 779 ) , or fusion ( T 1249 ) , indicating that ENF resistant viruses can remain sensitive to other entry inhibitors in vivo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although there was little difference between the two CD 4 bearing T cell population in the expression level of CD 4 molecules and chemokine receptors such as CXCR 4 and CCR 5 , SIV replicated more efficiently in CD 4 ( + ) 8 ( + ) T cells than in CD 4 ( + ) T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Nef protein of human immunodeficiency virus establishes superinfection immunity by a dual strategy to downregulate cell surface CCR 5 and CD 4 . ^^^ Nef targets the CCR 5 coreceptor and the HIV binding receptor CD 4 via distinct cellular machineries to enhance the endocytosis rate of both HIV receptor components and to accelerate their degradation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Flow cytometric analysis showed that more than half of CD 8 ( + ) T cells and a fraction of CD 4 ( + ) cells isolated from fresh tumor tissues co expressed CCR 5 and CXCR 3 , and CD 8 ( + ) T cells and CD 4 ( + ) cells predominantly produced interferon gamma ( IFN gamma ) over interleukin 4 ( IL 4 ) after in vitro stimulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interaction of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) gp 120 envelope glycoprotein with the primary receptor , CD 4 , promotes binding to a chemokine receptor , either CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In terms of receptor binding the chimeric protein retains specificity for human CD 4 but , in relation to the membrane fusion event , it appears to lose the Env coreceptor specificity of the parental HIV 1 strains : NL 43 for CXCR 4 and JRFL for CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When compared with grafts from wild type recipients , however , significant decreases in CD 4 ( + ) and CD 8 ( + ) T cells and macrophages were observed in rejecting allografts from CCR 5 deficient recipients . ^^^ CCR 5 was more prominently expressed on activated CD 4 ( + ) than CD 8 ( + ) T cells in the spleens of allograft wild type recipients and on CD 4 ( + ) T cells infiltrating the cardiac allografts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , peripheral blood CD 4 ( + ) T cell phenotype and activation status were evaluated by flow cytometry before treatment and at 2 , 4 , and 12 weeks using CD 69 , chemokine receptor ( CCR 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 3 ) , and intracellular cytokine ( tumor necrosis factor alpha , interferon gamma , and interleukin 10 ) expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast to other gp 120 specific neutralizing MAbs , C108g did not block binding of soluble Env proteins to either the CD 4 or the CCR 5 receptor , but studies with a fusion arrested Env indicated that C108g neutralized at a step preceding the one blocked by the gp 41 specific MAb , 2F5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cryptic nature of a conserved , CD 4 inducible V 3 loop neutralization epitope in the native envelope glycoprotein oligomer of CCR 5 restricted , but not CXCR 4 using , primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains . ^^^ The external subunit of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) envelope glycoprotein ( Env ) , gp 120 , contains conserved regions that mediate sequential interactions with two cellular receptor molecules , CD 4 and a chemokine receptor , most commonly CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^ Strikingly , in CCR 5 restricted ( R 5 ) isolates , the D 19 epitope was invariably cryptic , although it could be exposed by addition of soluble CD 4 ( sCD 4 ) ; epitope masking was dependent on the native oligomeric structure of Env , since it was not observed with the corresponding monomeric gp 120 molecules . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we show that relative to R3B Env , R3A Env enhances viral entry of T cells , increases fusion induced cytopathicity , and shows elevated binding efficiency for both CD 4 and CXCR 4 , but not CCR 5 , in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we propose mathematical models that address the interdependence of the concentrations of CD 4 and CCR 5 for efficient infection by M tropic HIV 1 as well as additional complications originated by coreceptor competition caused by posttranslational modifications that positively or negatively affect the coreceptor ability to form complexes with CD 4 and / or HIV 1 envelope . ^^^ Understanding the role of in vivo alterations in CD 4 , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 densities on HIV 1 cell entry may help the development of optimal control strategies for AIDS pathogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Early proliferation of CCR 5 ( + ) CD 38 ( +++ ) antigen specific CD 4 ( + ) Th 1 effector cells during primary HIV 1 infection . ^^^ We investigated whether HIV 1 antigen specific CD 4 ( + ) T cells expressed the viral coreceptor CCR 5 during primary HIV 1 infection ( PHI ) . ^^^ In the peripheral blood of subjects with very early PHI ( < 22 days after onset of symptoms ) , there was a 10 to 20 fold increase in the proportion of highly activated ( CD 38 ( +++ ) ) and proliferating ( Ki 67 ( + ) ) CD 4 ( + ) T cells that expressed CCR 5 ( + ) , and were mostly T cell intracellular antigen 1 ( TIA 1 ) ( + ) perforin ( + ) granzyme B ( + ) . ^^^ However , in PHI subjects with later presentation , antigen specific CD 4 ( + ) T cells could not be readily detected ( median , 0 . 08 % ) , coinciding with a 5 fold lower level of the CCR 5 ( + ) CD 38 ( +++ ) CD 4 ( + ) T cells . ^^^ These results suggest that the antiviral response to HIV 1 infection includes highly activated CCR 5 ( + ) CD 4 ( + ) cytotoxic effector cells , which are susceptible to both apoptosis and cytopathic infection with HIV 1 , and rapidly decline . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The targeted residues , belonging to the beta16 / beta17 beta hairpin , modulate gp 120 binding to CD 4 and gp 120 CD4 complex binding to CCR 5 . ^^^ The mutations within the beta hairpin had a direct effect on the proximal surface of the bridging sheet , the putative CCR 5 surface , and the gp 120 YU2 HIV 1 CD 4 binding site . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We recently reported that , because these SHIVs exclusively use the CXCR 4 coreceptor for cell entry , they target naive CD 4 ( + ) T cells for depletion in infected monkeys , whereas SIVs , which use CCR 5 , not CXCR 4 , cause the selective loss of memory CD 4 ( + ) T lymphocytes in vivo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Except pooled serum from HIV 1 infected individuals , monoclonal anti envelope antibodies or antibodies / antagonists against CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 were not able to prevent infection by the 92UG046 T 8 isolate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate expression of cell surface receptors necessary for HIV 1 infection : CD 4 , CC chemokine receptor 5 ( CCR 5 ) , and Fcgamma receptors . ^^^ RESULTS : Human retinal microglia expressed detectable levels of CD 4 , CD 16 , CD 64 , and CCR 5 in vitro and Fcgamma receptor 1 ( CD 64 ) in situ . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
FP 21399 has been reported to interfere with the ability of the HIV envelope glycoproteins to use CXCR 4 and CCR 5 as co receptors when entering CD 4 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To better elucidate the pathogenesis of lymphocyte recruitment of memory CD 4 ( + ) T cells in inflammatory myopathies , we studied the expression of CCR 5 and CCR 7 on CD 4 memory T cells in muscle tissue from 11 patients with juvenile dermatomyositis , six adult patients with polymyositis , two patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy , and two patients with spinal muscular atrophy . ^^^ A prevalent infiltration of CCR 5 ( + ) effector CD 4 T memory cells is observed in inflammatory myopathies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We included members of all types of inhibitors currently identified : ( 1 ) agents that block gp 120 binding to CD 4 ( CD 4 IgG2 and monoclonal antibody [ MAb ] IgG1b12 ) , ( 2 ) compounds that block the interaction with CCR 5 ( the chemokine RANTES / CCL5 , the small molecule inhibitor AD 101 , and the anti CCR 5 antibody PRO 140 ) , ( 3 ) the fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide ( T 20 ) , and ( 4 ) neutralizing antibodies directed against gp 120 ( MAb 2G12 ) and gp 41 ( MAbs 2F5 and 4E10 ) . ^^^ No differences between viruses from acute and chronic infections in the susceptibility to inhibitors targeting the CD 4 binding site , CCR 5 , or fusion or to MAb 2G12 were apparent , rendering treatment with entry inhibitors feasible across disease stages . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The CD 4 dependent gp 120 binding to CCR 5 was decreased when Asp 324 was replaced with a charged or hydrophobic residue , but unchanged when replaced with Asn . ^^^ These findings indicate that Asp or Asn at position 324 of the V 3 stem stabilizes the conformation of V 3 loop and hence influences the intensities of interaction between CD 4 activated gp 120 and CCR 5 which results in viral entry . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that immature CD 123 ( + ) plasmacytoid DCs ( PDCs ) and CD11c ( + ) myeloid DCs ( MDCs ) were susceptible to both a CCR 5 and a CXCR 4 using HIV 1 isolate in vitro and were able to efficiently transfer that infection to autologous CD 4 ( + ) T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This gp 120 induced inhibition was strictly dependent on CXCR 4 or CCR 5 and lipid rafts but not on CD 4 or 5 ( H ) 3 expressing BCR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gp 120 binding to the main cell receptor , CD 4 , on the surface of cells expressing this molecule , and interaction with the cell chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , are among the key events for HIV 1 infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV 1 ) envelope glycoprotein ( GP ) 120 interacts with CD 4 and the CCR 5 coreceptor for viral entry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Treatment of Jurkat T cells , peripheral blood lymphocytes from HIV negative donors , or human osteogenic seroma ( HOS ) cells expressing CD 4 , CXCR 4 or CCR 5 with T tropic gp 120 , M tropic gp 120 , or agonistic antibodies against CD 4 , CXCR 4 or CCR 5 . ^^^ The increase in TRAIL death receptor expression and acquisition of TRAIL sensitivity requires the chemokine coreceptor CXCR 4 but not CCR 5 or the CD 4 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The importance of the chemokine co receptors , such as CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , for HIV entry may help to explain the limitations of earlier approaches using recombinant soluble CD 4 or polyanionic compounds to interfere non specifically with HIV glycoprotein function . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Baseline variables investigated included sociodemographic characteristics , plasma viral load ( pVL ) , CD 4 cell count , AIDS diagnosis , HIV 1 V 3 loop sequence , and human CCR 5 Delta 32 genotype . ^^^ RESULTS : Individuals harboring X 4 variants ( n = 178 of 979 phenotyped samples ; 18 . 2 % ) displayed a poorer baseline clinical profile than individuals harboring exclusively CCR 5 using HIV 1 ( `` R 5 variants ' ' ) ( median pVL , 175 , 000 vs . 120 , 000 copies of HIV 1 RNA / mL [ P = . 0006 ] ; median CD 4 cell count , 110 vs . 290 cells / mm ( 3 ) [ P < . 0001 ] ) . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Baseline CD 4 cell count , pVL , HIV 1 V 3 sequence , and CCR 5 Delta 32 genotype were the strongest determinants of CXCR 4 using HIV 1 in this population . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Meanwhile , their coreceptor usage was determined with two cell lines : Magi and GHOST ( 3 ) stably expressing CD 4 and the chemokine receptor CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The HIV 1 envelope protein gp 120 was able to induce COX 2 mRNA and protein in several human neuroblastoma cell lines , which express CXCR 4 and CCR 5 but not CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We here report that DAPTA potently inhibits specific CD 4 dependent binding of gp 120 Bal ( IC50=0 . 06 nM ) and CM 235 ( IC50=0 . 32 nM ) to CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The goal of this study was to determine whether cultured primary HGECs express significant levels of the major HIV 1 co receptors CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and / or CCR 5 to allow fusion interactions with HIV 1 . ^^^ The expression of CD 4 , CXCR 4 and CCR 5 was assessed in cultured HGECs by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) and flow cytometry using specific antibodies . ^^^ CD 4 and CCR 5 were not detected in HGECs , either by RT PCR or by surface immunostaining with specific antibodies . ^^^ Cultured primary HGECs express CXCR 4 but not CD 4 or CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A single amino acid change and truncated TM are sufficient for simian immunodeficiency virus to enter cells using CCR 5 in a CD 4 independent pathway . ^^^ Using these susceptible cells , we studied the entry of a well characterized molecularly cloned macrophage tropic SIV . xKLuSIV cells that express rhesus macaque CD 4 and / or the rhesus chemokine receptor CCR 5 are susceptible to infection with the macrophage tropic , neurovirulent strain SIV / 17E Fr , but only xKLuSIV cells expressing both CCR 5 and CD 4 were susceptible to infection by the macrophage tropic , non neurovirulent strain SIV / 17E Cl . ^^^ CCR 5 dependent , CD 4 independent infection by SIV / 17E Fr was abrogated by pre incubation of the cells with AOP RANTES , a ligand for CCR 5 . ^^^ Our data suggest that the envelope from the neurovirulent SIV / 17E Fr interacts with CCR 5 in a CD 4 independent manner , and changes in the TM protein of this virus are important components that contribute to neurovirulence in SIV . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to CD 4 and co receptors ( most often used CCR 5 and CXCR 6 by SIV ) , GHOST ( 3 ) cells have been engineered to express the green fluorescent protein following virus infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GHOST ( 3 ) cells were derived from the human osteosarcoma cell line , HOS , and have been engineered to stably express CD 4 and one or another of the chemokine receptors CCR 3 , CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , CXCR6 / STRL33 / Bonzo , or the orphan receptor GPR15 / BOB . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human macrophages expressing TRIM5alpha ( rh ) were also found to be phenotypically and functionally normal , expressing the characteristic surface markers CD 14 , CD 4 , CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , MHC 2 , and B7 . 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , the replication level hierarchy among sequential isolates and the levels of CCR 5 ( + ) CD 4 ( + ) T cell depletion caused by the R 5 isolates seemed to be controlled by viral factors . ^^^ The high depletion of CCR 5 ( + ) cells by HIV 1 isolates from nonswitch virus patients may explain the steady decline of CD 4 ( + ) T cells in patients with continuous dominance of R 5 HIV 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CCR 5 , but not CD 4 or CXCR 4 expression levels , were lower and the surface expression of globotriaosylceramide was negligible on activated patients ' cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) into the cell is initiated by the interaction of the viral surface envelope protein with two cell surface components of the target cell , CD 4 and a chemokine coreceptor , usually CXCR 4 or CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV uptake by CD 4 ( + ) T cells was dependent on cellular contacts mediated by the binding of gp 120 to CD 4 but was independent of the expression of the appropriate HIV coreceptor , CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The culture supernatants were then harvested and used to treat human peripheral blood monocyte derived macrophages and a HeLa cell line , which expresses CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 receptors ( MAGI cells ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Regardless of statistically significant differences between local structures of the HIV ( MN ) V 3 loop in water and in water / TFE solution , over one third of residues keeps their conformational states ; the register of these amino acids comprises Asn 25 critical for virus binding with primary cell receptor CD 4 as well as Arg 3 critical for utilization of CCR 5 coreceptor . 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The antiviral activity appeared to be mediated , at least partially , by the down regulation of the expression of CD 4 and the HIV 1 co receptors , CXCR 4 and CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV 1 cell entry is mediated by sequential interactions of the envelope protein gp 120 with the receptor CD 4 and a coreceptor , usually CCR 5 or CXCR 4 , depending on the individual virion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Enhanced replication of R 5 HIV 1 over X 4 HIV 1 in CD 4 ( + ) CCR 5 ( + ) CXCR 4 ( + ) T cells . ^^^ To enter human cells , HIV 1 usually uses CD 4 and 1 of 2 coreceptors : CCR 5 and CXCR 4 . ^^^ We hypothesized that such high R 5 viral loads may be sustained because , relative to CXCR 4 tropic ( X 4 ) HIV 1 infection , R 5 HIV 1 infection of permissive CD 4 ( + ) CCR 5 ( + ) CXCR 4 ( + ) T cells results in the production of significantly more infectious virus particles per target cell . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A molecular mechanism involved both in HIV entry and fusion steps has been disclosed in detail : The interaction of an HIV envelope protein , gp 120 , with chemokine receptors , CXCR 4 and CCR 5 , which were identified as major co receptors in association with CD 4 , triggers conformational changes in the gp 120 gp41 ( another envelope protein ) complex , and subsequently forms the trimer of hairpins structure of gp 41 followed by virus cell membrane fusion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These compounds are BMS 378806 , a small molecule that binds the viral gp 120 glycoprotein and prevents its attachment to the CD 4 and CCR 5 receptors , CMPD 167 , a small molecule that binds to CCR 5 to inhibit gp 120 association , and C52L , a bacterially expressed peptide inhibitor of gp 41 mediated fusion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we introduce a single molecule analysis that directly probes the binding interactions between an individual viral subunit gp 120 and a single receptor CD 4 and / or chemokine coreceptor CCR 5 in living cells . ^^^ This analysis differentiates single molecule binding from multimolecule avidity and shows that , while the presence of CD 4 is required for gp 120 binding to CCR 5 , the force required to rupture a single gp 120 coreceptor bond is significantly higher and its lifetime is much longer than those of a single gp 120 receptor bond . ^^^ This `` bond transfer ' ' occurs only if CCR 5 is in close proximity to CD 4 and CD 4 is still attached to gp 120 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Either enhanced cyan or yellow fluorescent protein ( CFP and YFP , respectively ) was fused to the end of the cytoplasmic regions of the HIV 1 receptors ( CD 4 and CCR 5 ) and Env proteins . ^^^ In addition , the FRET analysis of receptor interactions in the presence of fusion inhibitors showed that not only inhibitors acting on CCR 5 but also the gp 41 derived peptide T 20 interfered with CD 4 CCR5 interaction during fusion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two receptors , CD 4 and one of several chemokine receptors , are required for cellular HIV 1 infection , with CCR 5 being the main coreceptor for macrophage tropic strains . ^^^ We have designed bifunctional fusion proteins , consisting of RANTES / CCL5 and a single chain Fv Ab fragment against CD 4 to simultaneously block CD 4 and CCR 5 . ^^^ Moreover , after short incubation and subsequent washout , a significant down modulation of CCR 5 was only seen with the fusion proteins and only on CD4+ cells , but not with unmodified RANTES or on CD 4 cells , indicating a preferential targeting of CCR 5 on CD4+ T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV 1 infects host cells by sequential interactions of its fusion protein ( gp 120 gp41 ) with receptors CD 4 , CXCR 4 and / or CCR 5 followed by fusion of viral and host membranes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both brain and spleen derived envelope clones mediated fusion in cells expressing both CD 4 and CCR 5 and brain envelopes also used CCR 3 as co receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have constructed VSV recombinants lacking the viral glycoprotein gene and instead expressing rhesus macaque SIV receptors CD 4 and CCR 5 with or without the receptor DC SIGN . ^^^ The recombinant expressing CD 4 and CCR 5 specifically infected SIV envelope protein expressing cells . ^^^ Inclusion of DC SIGN in the particles definitely enhanced infection , indicating that the enhancement by coexpression of DC SIGN with CD 4 and CCR 5 does not require internalization of the virus into cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There was no association between alleles carried at CCR5Delta32 , CCR 5 59029 , CCR 5 59353 , CCR2+190 ( V64I ) , SDF 1 3 ' UTR , IL1A+4845 , IL1B+3953 , IL 4 589 , IL 10 592 , IL 10 R1+536 , IL 10 R1+1112 , IL12B 3 ' UTR , TNFA 308 , or TNFA 1031 and CD 4 T cell counts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expansion occurred in both the CD 4 and CD4+ subsets of NKT cells , and expanded cells expressed the CD 161 maturation marker while expression of the HIV coreceptor CCR 5 was reduced . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we show that murine small intestinal CD 4 ( + ) lamina propria lymphocytes express a heterogeneous but restricted array of chemokine receptors including CCR 5 , CCR 6 , CCR 9 , CXCR 3 , and CXCR 6 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The infection of cultured monocyte derived dendritic cells ( DCs ) with HIV 1 involves CD 4 and CCR 5 receptors , while transmission to T cells is enhanced at least in part by the lectin DC SIGN / CD209 . ^^^ These cells express CD 4 and low levels of CCR 5 and CXCR 4 coreceptors , but not DC SIGN . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To initiate infection , the HIV 1 external envelope glycoprotein , gp 120 , sequentially interacts with two cellular receptors , CD 4 and a chemokine receptor ( or coreceptor ) like CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD 4 , CCR 5 , CXCR 4 and apoptosis were determined by fluorescent antibody cell sorting . ^^^ A model fusion system comprising a cell line transfected with either CD 4 and CXCR 4 or CCR 5 , cocultured with a cell line expressing gp 120 from either X 4 , R 5 tropic HIV 1 or HIV 2 virions , was used . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MATERIALS AND METHODS : Blood samples were collected from 10 patients with an acute MS exacerbation and the levels of CCR 5 on CD 4 ( + ) and CD 8 ( + ) T cells and CD 14 ( + ) monocytes were analyzed by using flow cytometry before IVMP , 24 h , 1 and 3 weeks after commencement of treatment . ^^^ RESULTS : During the 3 week period the percentages of CCR 5 expressing CD 4 ( + ) T cells and CD 8 ( + ) T cells tended to decrease ( P = 0 . 09 and 0 . 05 , respectively ) , but the effect did not reach statistical significance . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : A tendency to a reduction of CCR 5 expressing CD 4 ( + ) and CD 8 ( + ) blood cells induced by IVMP suggests inhibition of their potential to transmigrate into the central nervous system , which is consistent with the short term beneficial effect of IVMP in acute exacerbation of MS . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These studies demonstrate an intimate functional relationship among CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 3 , in which CCR 5 can act as an adaptor molecule for CD 4 signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The increase in chemokine expression was associated with an increase in the infiltration of CD 4 and / or CD 8 T cells into the trigeminal ganglion and brainstem of CCR 5 / mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV envelope binds to and signals through its primary cellular receptor , CD 4 , and through a coreceptor , either CC chemokine receptor 5 ( CCR 5 ) or CXC chemokine receptor 4 ( CXCR 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Antiviral agents interfering with receptor ( i . e . , CD 4 ) or coreceptor ( e . g . , CCR 5 and / or CXCR 4 ) engagement comprise a special subset of viral entry inhibitors . ^^^ This review focuses on compounds blocking viral attachment to CD 4 , CCR 5 or CXCR 4 , highlights the challenges they present , and attempts to offer possible solutions . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This CD40L related molecule is produced by monocytes upon CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 engagement by gp 120 and cooperates with IL 4 and IL 10 to up regulate MCLRs on B cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hemin induced HO 1 induction in the CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , and CD 4 coexpressing GHOST ( 3 ) cells was consistent with the inhibition of Tat dependent activation of long terminal repeat promoter leading to reduced GFP expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Following the cross linking of CCR 5 , monocytes synthesized high levels of M CSF , RANTES , MIP 1 alpha , and MIP 1 beta associated with a readily detectable down modulation of CD 14 , CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Entry of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) into target cells is mediated by the viral Envelope glycoprotein ( Env ) and its coordinated interaction with a receptor ( CD 4 ) and a coreceptor ( usually the chemokine receptors CCR 5 or CXCR 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By three independent approaches , BMS 488043 was further shown to induce conformational changes within gp 120 in both the CD 4 and CCR 5 binding regions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As one approach to understand the molecular interactions that support HIV virion binding to human mucosal surfaces , we have examined the distribution of the primary HIV receptor CD 4 , the alternate HIV receptors heparan sulfate proteoglycan ( HS ) and galactosyl ceramide ( GalCer ) and the co receptors CXCR 4 and CCR 5 in palatine tonsil . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The binding affinity of KP to CD 4 , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 was evaluated on CD 4 CCR5 or CD 4 CXCR4 transfected astroglioma cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of leukocyte markers ( CD 3 , CD 4 , CD 8 , CD4 / CD8 ratio , CD 16 , CD 19 , and CD 14 ) and chemokine receptors ( CXCR 1 , CXCR 4 , CCR 2 , CCR 5 , and CCR 7 ) was studied in 73 effusions by using flow cytometry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As assessed by FACS analysis , the hES CD 34 cell derived macrophages displayed characteristic cell surface markers CD 14 , CD 4 , CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , and HLA DR suggesting a normal phenotype . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rat derived dorsal root ganglion ( DRG ) cultures , transgenic for human CD 4 and CCR 5 treated with ARTs or HIV infected , or both , were studied with respect to quantitative neuronal injury . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The last decade has driven an in depth knowledge of the HIV entry process , unravelling the multiple engagements of the HIV envelope proteins with the cellular receptorial complex that is composed of a primary receptor ( CD 4 ) and a co receptor ( CCR 5 or CXCR 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We characterized the binding of nine HIV gp 120 variants and identified a truncated construct ( YU2DV1V2 ) that bound CCR 5 independent of CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A better knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the entry process has led to the development of agents , which may inhibit each of the different steps of the viral entry process : attachment of the gp 120 to the CD 4 cell receptor ; binding of the gp 120 to CCR 5 or CXCR 4 coreceptors ; and the fusion of viral and cell membranes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we tested the distribution of CD4 / CCR5 tropic [ MLV ( HIV ) ] pseudotype vectors in transgenic mice expressing CD 4 and either CXCR 4 or CCR 5 of human origin . ^^^ Expression of the transferred marker gene EGFP and vector sequences could be detected exclusively in lymphocytes expressing ( hu ) CD 4 and ( hu ) CCR 5 , whereas MLV vectors pseudotyped with the VSV G envelope glycoprotein mediated gene transfer in mice of all genotypes investigated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Nef also functions as an adaptor or connector protein downregulating CD 4 and CCR 5 , the key receptor and one of the coreceptors for HIV . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 ( HIV 1 ) infects cells by membrane fusion that is mediated by the envelope proteins gp120 / gp41 and the cellular receptors CD 4 and CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Entry of HIV 1 into target cells involves interactions of the viral envelope protein ( Env ) with CD 4 and a coreceptor , usually CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The efficiency of R 5 HIV 1 infection is determined by CD 4 T cell surface CCR 5 density through G alpha 1 protein signalling . ^^^ OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN : The intensity of replication of CCR 5 using HIV 1 strains is highly dependent on the number of CCR 5 molecules on the surface of CD 4 positive T cells . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : The signalling through G alpha 1 protein induced upon R 5 virion binding to CCR 5 is responsible for the difference in HIV 1 infectability between CD 4 positive T cells expressing low or high levels of cell surface CCR 5 density . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Compared with MDM , MDMi expressed higher CD 4 but lower CCR 5 levels ; they could be infected by HIV 1 ( BaL ) , but produced less virus progeny than MDM did . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Through investigation of the inhibition of Env binding to cell lines expressing CD 4 , CCR 5 , DC SIGN , syndecans or combinations thereof , we found that the broadly neutralizing mAb , 2G12 , directed to a unique carbohydrate epitope of gp 120 , inhibited Env CCR 5 binding , partially inhibited Env DC SIGN binding , but had no effect on Env syndecan association . ^^^ Furthermore , 2G12 inhibited Env attachment to primary monocyte derived dendritic cells , that expressed CD 4 and CCR 5 primary HIV receptors , as well as DC SIGN , and suggested that the dual activities of 2G12 could be valuable in vivo for inhibiting initial virus dissemination and propagation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CXCR 3 , CCR 5 , and CCR 4 expression in blood CD 4 + T cells and CXCR 3 expression in CD8+ T cells were increased after interleukin 15 ( IL 15 ) stimulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This review discusses mechanisms underlying the neurotropism of HIV , focusing on the role of the HIV envelope glycoproteins and their interactions with CD 4 and the chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Flow cytometry and immunostaining studies were performed , which demonstrated that the HIV 1 receptors CD 4 , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 were not expressed by villous trophoblast cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At ' steady state ' ( > / =1 day after the most recent IFN beta injection ) , IFN beta treatment increased CD 4 ( + ) T cell surface expression of CC chemokine receptor ( CCR ) 4 , CCR 5 and CCR 7 after 3 months of treatment , whereas that of CXC chemokine receptor ( CXCR ) 3 was unaltered . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also show that this differential HIV 1 replication did not depend on differences in cell proliferative capabilities , cell surface expression of CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 , or in the amount of PCR products of reverse transcription , DNA synthesis , and translocation of preintegration complex into the nucleus in cord and adult T lymphocytes and MDM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Preparation of transgenic rats expressing human CD 4 , CCR 5 and MHC class 2 transactivator and HIV 1 infection of peripheral mononuclear cells ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Finally , anti CD3 / 28 expanded CD 4 ( + ) T cells uniformly exhibited a central memory phenotype , absence of CCR 5 expression , marked CXCR 4 expression in vitro , low levels of caspase 3 but also of Bcl 2 expression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It has been hypothesized that the lower CCR 5 concentration on the surface of the CD 4 T lymphocytes compared to that on cell lines used for the neutralization assays could be a contributing factor to the observed differences in neutralizing activity . ^^^ To test this hypothesis and to further elucidate the contribution of CCR 5 concentration differences on antibody neutralizing activity , we used a panel of HeLa cell lines with well defined and differential surface concentrations of CCR 5 and CD 4 in a pseudovirus based assay . ^^^ We observed that the CCR 5 cell surface concentration but not the CD 4 concentration had a significant effect on the inhibitory activity of X 5 and several other CD4i antibodies including 17b and m 9 , as well as that of the gp 41 specifc antibodies 2F5 and 4E10 but not on that of the CD 4 binding site antibody ( CD4bs ) , b 12 . ^^^ The 50 % inhibitory concentration ( IC 50 ) decreased up to two orders of magnitude in cell lines with low CCR 5 concentration corresponding to that in CD 4 T cells used in PBMC based assays ( about 10 ( 3 ) per cell ) compared to cell lines with high CCR 5 concentration ( about 10 ( 4 ) or more ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NBD 556 , like CD 4 , activates the binding of gp 120 to the HIV 1 coreceptor , CCR 5 , and to the 17b monoclonal antibody , which recognizes the coreceptor binding site of gp 120 . ^^^ NBD 556 stimulates HIV 1 infection of CD 4 negative , CCR 5 expressing cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pseudotyped viruses bearing chimeric envelopes with early infection V 1 V2 sequences showed a trend in infecting cells with low CD 4 concentrations more efficiently , while engineered viruses with V 1 V2 sequences isolated during chronic infection were moderately better at infecting cells with low CCR 5 concentrations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue slides were stained for a variety of cell markers ( CD 3 , CD 4 , CD 8 , CD 20 , CD 68 , CD79a ) , chemokines ( monokine induced by interferon [ MIG ] , interferon inducible protein 10 [ IP 10 ] , interferon inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant [ ITAC ] , RANTES [ regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted ] , and fractalkine ) , and chemokine receptors ( CXCR 3 , CCR 5 , and CX3CR1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of CKR 5 with CD 4 enables nonpermissive cells to form syncytia with cells expressing M tropic , but not T tropic , HIV 1 env proteins . ^^^ Expression of CKR 5 and CD 4 enables entry of a M tropic , but not a T tropic , virus strain . ^^^ Cells expressing the 89 . 6 env protein form syncytia with QT 6 cells expressing CD 4 and either Fusin or CKR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The chemokine receptor 5 ( CKR 5 ) protein serves as a secondary receptor on CD 4 ( + ) T lymphocytes for certain strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51681 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Heterozygosity for a deletion in the CKR 5 gene leads to prolonged AIDS free survival and slower CD 4 T cell decline in a cohort of HIV seropositive individuals . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Individuals who are heterozygous for the 32 base pair deletion in the CKR 5 gene have a slower decrease in their CD 4 T cell count and a longer AIDS free survival than individuals with the wild type gene for up to 11 years of follow up . . ^^^