| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.62552688 |
| TRAIL has been shown to interact with the cell surface through five distinct receptors , named death receptor ( DR ) 4 , DR 5 , decoy receptor ( Dc ) R 1 , DcR 2 , and osteoprotegrin . 0.62552688^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Treatment of human leukemic cells with etoposide , Ara C , or doxorubicin increased DR 5 but not DR 4 , Fas , DcR 1 , DcR 2 , Fas ligand , or Apo 2L levels . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Decoy receptor 2 ( DcR 2 ) , a nonfunctional receptor that binds to TNF related apoptosis inducing ligand ( TRAIL ) / APO 2L , showed the opposite expression pattern . ^^^ Decoy receptor 2 ( DcR 2 ) , a nonfunctional receptor that binds to TNF related apoptosis inducing ligand ( TRAIL ) / APO 2L , showed the opposite expression pattern . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Past studies have shown that apoptosis mediated by TNF related apoptosis inducing ligand ( TRAIL ) is regulated by the expression of two death receptors [ TRAIL receptor 1 ( TRAIL R 1 ) and TRAIL R 2 ] and two decoy receptors ( TRAIL R 3 and TRAIL R 4 ) that inhibit apoptosis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) was applied to assay mRNA expression of TRAIl ( the TNF related apoptosis inducing ligand ) receptors ( DR 5 , DcR 1 , and DcR 2 ) in 3 cases of normal ovarian tissues , 6 cases of ovarian benign tumors , and 16 cases of ovarian cancers . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : As advanced prostate cancers are resistant to currently available chemotherapies , we evaluated the cytotoxic effect of TNF related apoptosis inducing ligand ( TRAIL ) and characterized the involvement of its five receptors DR 4 , DR 5 , DcR 1 , DcR 2 , and osteoprotegerin ( OPG ) and of the death inducing signaling complex ( DISC ) forming proteins caspase 8 and c FLIP in prostate cell lines . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Upon overexpression , DcR 2 did not activate apoptosis or nuclear factor kappaB ; however , it substantially reduced cellular sensitivity to Apo2L induced apoptosis . ^^^ These results suggest that DcR 2 functions as an inhibitory Apo2L receptor . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| APO2L ( TRAIL ) is a novel CD95L ( Fas / APO 1 L ) homologous cytotoxic cytokine that interacts with various receptors which transmit ( DR 4 , DR 5 ) or inhibit ( DcR 1 , DcR 2 ) an apoptotic signal . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| AP 02 ligand ( APO2L ) is a CD 95 ligand ( CD95L ) related cytokine of the tumor necrosis factor family that interacts with agonistic ( DR 4 , DR 5 ) and antagonistic ( DcR 1 , DcR 2 ) receptors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Transfection experiments indicate that DcR 1 and DcR 2 act as decoys that prevent Apo2L from inducing apoptosis through DR 4 and DR 5 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Apo2L / TRAIL also binds to `` decoy ' ' receptors ( DcR 1 and DcR 2 ) that can antagonize its interaction with DR 4 and DR 5 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RNA and flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that resistance to Apo2L / TRAIL was paralleled by progressive acquisition of the decoy receptor , DcR 2 . ^^^ Blocking of DcR 2 function with a specific anti DcR 2 antibody restored sensitivity to Apo2L / TRAIL in a dose dependent manner . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Apo2L / TRAIL is a homotrimeric protein that interacts with five receptors : death receptor 4 ( DR 4 ) and DR 5 mediate apoptosis activation , whereas decoy receptor 1 ( DcR 1 ) , DcR 2 , and osteoprotegerin counteract this function . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The novel receptor TRAIL R 4 induces NF kappaB and protects against TRAIL mediated apoptosis , yet retains an incomplete death domain . ^^^ A fourth member of the emerging TRAIL receptor family , TRAIL R 4 , has been cloned and characterized . ^^^ TRAIL R 4 encodes a 386 amino acid protein with an extracellular domain showing 58 % 70 % identity to those of TRAIL R 1 , TRAIL R 2 , and TRAIL R 3 . ^^^ The signaling capacity of TRAIL R 4 is similar to that of TRAIL R 1 and TRAIL R 2 with respect to NF kappaB activation , but differs in its inability to induce apoptosis . ^^^ Yet TRAIL R 4 retains a C terminal element containing one third of a consensus death domain motif . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Herein , we report the identification of another member of the TRAIL receptor family , TRUNDD ( TRAIL receptor with a truncated death domain ) . ^^^ TRUNDD , a new member of the TRAIL receptor family that antagonizes TRAIL signalling . ^^^ TRUNDD is highly homologous to all known TRAIL receptors and has an extracellular TRAIL binding domain but lacks a functional intracellular death domain and does not induce apoptosis . ^^^ Consistent with an inhibitory role , ectopic expression of TRUNDD attenuated TRAIL induced apoptosis in mammalian cells . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two additional TRAIL receptors , TRID / DcR1 and DcR 2 , lack functional death domains and function as decoy receptors for TRAIL . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In contrast , the expression of TRAIL R 3 or TRAIL R 4 did not appear to be a significant factor in determining the resistance or sensitivity of these tumor target cells to the effects of TRAIL . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recently , TRAIL has been demonstrated to selectively induce apoptosis in transformed cell lines , and subsequently four receptors ( TRAIL R 1 TRAIL R 4 ) have been identified . ^^^ In contrast , TRAIL R3 / TRAIL R 4 are unable to activate apoptotic pathways and have therefore been suggested to act as `` decoys ' ' protecting normal tissues from cell death . ^^^ Exceptional expression of TRAIL R 4 transcripts does not suggest a significant regulatory role of this receptor in the human brain and its tumors . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Tumor necrosis factor ( TNF ) related apoptosis inducing ligand ( TRAIL ) is a member of the TNF family that interacts with several receptors , including TRAIL R 1 , TRAIL R 2 , and TRAIL R 4 . ^^^ TRAIL R 4 can activate NF kappaB and protect cells from TRAIL induced apoptosis . ^^^ Here we show that TRAIL R 1 , TRAIL R 2 , and TRAIL R 4 induced NF kappaB activation are mediated by a TRAF 2 NIK IkappaB kinase alpha / beta signaling cascade but is MEKK 1 independent . ^^^ We also show that activation of NF kappaB or overexpression of TRAIL R 4 does not protect TRAIL R 1 induced apoptosis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It has been hypothesized that this difference in TRAIL sensitivity between normal and transformed cells might be due to the expression of the non death inducing TRAIL receptors ( TRAIL R ) TRAIL R 3 and TRAIL R 4 , presumably by competition for limited amounts of TRAIL . ^^^ Yet both cell types exhibited similar TRAIL receptor surface expression , suggesting that expression of TRAIL R 3 and TRAIL R 4 may not be the main regulator of sensitivity to TRAIL . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TRAIL binds to the proapoptotic death receptors DR 4 and the p 53 regulated proapoptotic KILLER / DR5 as well as to the decoy receptors TRID and TRUNDD . ^^^ The expression level of KILLER / DR5 , TRID , TRUNDD or TRID , and TRUNDD did not correlate with TRAIL sensitivity ( P > 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The family of tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand ( TRAIL ) receptors , including the pro apoptotic DR 4 and p 53 regulated KILLER / DR5 , as well as the decoys TRID and TRUNDD , are all located on human chromosome 8p21 22 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , TRAIL also binds to 3 `` decoy ' ' receptors , DcR 2 , a receptor with a truncated death domain , DcR 1 , a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored receptor , and OPG a secreted protein which is also known to bind to another member of the TNF family , RANKL . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It is regulated by 2 death receptors , TRAIL receptor 1 ( TRAIL R 1 ) and TRAIL R 2 , and 2 decoy receptors , TRAIL R 3 and TRAIL R 4 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TRAIL sensitivity of the PNET cell lines was correlated with mRNA expression levels of TRAIL , its agonistic ( TRAIL R 1 , TRAIL R 2 ) and antagonistic ( TRAIL R 3 , TRAIL R 4 ) receptors , cellular FLICE like inhibitory protein ( cFLIP ) , caspase 3 and caspase 8 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of the decoy receptors DcR 1 and DcR 2 did not correlate with TRAIL sensitivity . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TRAIL triggers apoptosis by binding to its two proapoptotic receptors DR 4 and DR 5 , a process which is negatively regulated by binding of TRAIL to its two decoy receptors TRID and TRUNDD . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The ( auto ) antigen specific T cells were also resistant to specific TRAIL R1 / TRAIL R 2 directed induction of apoptosis , indicating that coexpression of the truncated TRAIL R 3 and TRAIL R 4 in these T cells is not responsible for the observed resistance . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The TRAIL decoy receptor TRUNDD ( DcR 2 , TRAIL R 4 ) is induced by adenovirus p 53 overexpression and can delay TRAIL , p 53 , and KILLER / DR5 dependent colon cancer apoptosis . ^^^ The cell surface decoy receptor proteins TRID ( also known as DcR 1 or TRAIL R 3 ) and TRUNDD ( DcR 2 , TRAIL R 4 ) inhibit caspase dependent cell death induced by the cytotoxic ligand TRAIL in part because of their absent or truncated cytoplasmic death domains , respectively . ^^^ In the present studies we provide evidence that expression of the TRAIL decoy receptors TRUNDD and TRID increases following infection of cancer cells with p 53 expressing adenovirus ( Ad p 53 ) , in a manner similar to other p 53 target genes such as KILLER / DR5 and p21WAF1 / CIP1 . ^^^ Subsequent overexpression of TRUNDD in colon cancer cell lines caused a significant delay in killing induced by TRAIL . ^^^ This protective effect of TRUNDD was not dependent on the presence of TRAIL , and overexpression of TRUNDD did not alter the protein levels of either p 53 or KILLER / DR 5 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two additional TRAIL receptors ( DcR 1 and DcR 2 ) do not transmit an apoptotic signal and have been proposed to confer protection from TRAIL induced apoptosis . ^^^ Resistance to TRAIL did not correlate with DcR 1 or DcR 2 protein expression and was overcome by protein synthesis inhibition in 50 % of the resistant cell lines . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Drug exposure resulted in enhanced TRAIL R 2 expression , but decreased TRAIL R 4 expression in U87MG cells . ^^^ Ectopic expression of dominant negative p 53 ( V135A ) abrogated the drug induced changes in TRAIL R 2 and TRAIL R 4 expression , but had no effect on synergy . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand ( TRAIL ) , a member of the tumor necrosis factor ( TNF ) family , binds to several cell surface receptors with distinct functions ( agonistic receptors 1 and 2 [ TRAIL R 1 , TRAIL R 2 ] ; decoy receptors 3 and 4 [ TRAIL R 3 , TRAIL R 4 ] ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Susceptibility of the prostate cancer cell types to Apo 2L / TRAIL induced apoptosis did not appear to correlate with the levels of the Apo 2L / TRAIL receptors death receptor ( DR ) 4 ( TRAIL receptor 1 ) or DR 5 ( TRAIL receptor 2 ) , decoy receptor ( DcR ) 1 and DcR 2 , Flame 1 , or the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins family of proteins . ^^^ Treatment with paclitaxel or taxotere increased DR 4 and / or DR 5 protein levels ( up to 8 fold ) without affecting the protein levels of DcR 1 and DcR 2 , Apo 2L / TRAIL , Fas , or Fas ligand . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Decoy receptor ( DcR 1 and DcR 2 ) expression was limited in the glioma cell lines and did not correlate with TRAIL sensitivity . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TRAIL binds to death receptors ( DRs ) DR 4 , DR 5 , DcR 1 , and DcR 2 . ^^^ Levels of DcR 1 and DcR 2 or levels of the FLICE inhibitory protein ( FLIP ) did not correlate with TRAIL resistance , and protein synthesis inhibition did not sensitize the TRAIL resistant line to TRAIL . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Four related receptors bind TRAIL , two death receptors ( DR 4 and DR 5 ) that signal apoptosis and two decoy receptors ( DcR 1 and DcR 2 ) that act as dominant negative inhibitors of TRAIL mediated apoptosis . ^^^ Our results indicate that overexpression of cRel or activation of endogenous Rel / NF kappaB factors by TNFalpha in HeLa cells up regulates DcR 1 without changing the expression of DcR 2 , DR 4 , and DR 5 and makes cells resistant against TRAIL induced apoptosis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although three other TRAIL receptors DR 5 , DcR 1 , and DcR 2 are induced by DNA damage and are regulated by the wild type p 53 tumor suppressor , it was not known whether these factors also affect DR 4 expression . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TRAIL ( tumor necrosis factor ( TNF ) related apoptosis inducing ligand ) , a recently identified member of the growing TNF superfamily , binds to its cognate `` death ' ' receptors DR 4 and DR 5 as well as `` decoy ' ' receptors DcR 1 and DcR 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : Five pancreatic cell lines were investigated for the expression of FasL / Fas , DcR 3 , DR 4 , DR5 / TRAIL , DcR 1 , DcR 2 , and other death pathways related molecules such as Bax , bcl xL , bcl 2 , FADD , and caspase 3 by flow cytometry , immunoblotting , and RT / PCR , both semiquantitative and real time ( TaqMan ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| AZT and IFN alpha mediated apoptosis in PEL was blocked by stable overexpression of dominant negative Fas Associated Death Domain ( FADD ) , decoy receptor 2 ( DcR 2 ) , soluble TRAIL receptor fusion proteins ( DR 4 and DR 5 ) and thymidine . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Differential expression of TRAIL R 3 and TRAIL R 4 in human pancreatic cancer . ^^^ TRAIL R 3 and TRAIL R 4 , which belong to the TRAIL receptor family , can inhibit TRAIL induced apoptosis . ^^^ In contrast , TRAIL R 4 mRNA and protein were expressed at moderate to high levels in human pancreatic cancer tissues , but demonstrated weak to negative expression in the normal pancreas . ^^^ CONCLUSION : TRAIL R 4 but not TRAIL R 3 levels were significantly different in pancreatic cancer in comparison to the normal pancreas . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Compared to these primary cells , PrEC were found to contain significantly fewer TRAIL receptors DcR 1 and DcR 2 which are not capable of conducting the apoptotic signal . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : We investigated the presence and functional status of TRAIL and its receptors , DR 4 , DR 5 , and DcR 2 on tumor as well as tumor infiltrating lymphocytes ( TIL ) in primary ( n=37 ) , and metastatic gastric carcinoma from malignant ascites ( n=37 ) by a flow cytometry . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : These results suggest that TRAIL ( + ) and DcR 2 ( + ) metastatic carcinoma from malignant ascites could not only have resistance to DR4 / DR5 induced apoptosis , but also might take the TRAIL mediated counterattack against activated CD 3 ( + ) T cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TRAIL R 3 and TRAIL R 4 are receptors that do not transmit an apoptotic signal . ^^^ RESULTS : Normal colonic epithelial cells express TRAIL , TRAIL R 1 , TRAIL R 2 , and TRAIL R 4 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TRAIL can bind to four different receptors , two pro apoptotic death receptors ( DRs ) , DR 4 and DR 5 , and two antiapoptotic decoy receptors ( DcRs ) , DcR 1 and DcR 2 . ^^^ We studied the tumor specific down regulation of the TRAIL receptors DcR 1 and DcR 2 , as well as DR 4 and DR 5 , in a group of pediatric tumor cell lines [ nine neuroblastoma and three peripheral primitive neuro ectodermal tumors ( PNETs ) ] and three cell lines from adult tumors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Our immunohistochemical studies indicate that TRAIL , DR5 / TRAIL R 2 , and DcR 2 TRAIL R 4 are detected in Leydig cells , whereas ligand and all receptors are localized in germ cells . ^^^ The mRNAs of the decoy receptors , DcR 1 and DcR 2 , were present in the rat testis at all ages studied , but the DcR2 / TRAIL R 4 mRNa level was higher from the pubertal period to adulthood . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Thus , 4 1BB ligand ( L ) , APRIL , CD27L , CD40L , FasL , LIGHT , TRAIL receptor 4 were upregulated , while TRAIL receptor 3 was downregulated . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TRAIL ( Apo 2 L ) and Apo 3 L are capable of inducing cell death via their receptors Trail R 1 to Trail R 4 and TRAMP . ^^^ RESULTS : For RPE cells derived directly from the eye , we detected mRNAs of Trail R 2 , Trail R 3 , TRAIL , and APO 3 L , but not Trail R 1 , Trail R 4 , and TRAMP . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TRAIL binds four different membrane bound receptors : DR 4 , DR 5 , DcR 1 , and DcR 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| All four TRAIL receptors ( TRAIL R 1 through TRAIL R 4 ) are expressed in these cell lines . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Low levels of the death inducing TRAIL receptors , TRAIL R 1 and TRAIL R 2 but not the putative ' decoy ' receptors , TRAIL R 3 and TRAIL R 4 , were expressed on the surface of B CLL cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TRAIL interacts with four receptors : two signalling receptors ( TRAIL R 1 and TRAIL R 2 ) and two decoy receptors ( TRAIL R 3 and TRAIL R 4 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This was confirmed by quantitative immunocytochemical image analysis of BAL eosinophils and alveolar macrophages , which demonstrated that expression levels of TRAIL and DcR 2 increased , whereas expression levels of the TRAIL Rs DR 4 and DR 5 decreased in asthmatic subjects after SAC . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TRAIL receptor ( TRAIL R ) 1 and TRAIL R 2 , but not TRAIL R 3 and TRAIL R 4 , mediate apoptosis . ^^^ RESULTS : In normal colon mucosa , TRAIL and TRAIL R 2 were expressed mostly in the surface epithelium , whereas TRAIL R 1 and TRAIL R 4 were detected all along the crypt axis . ^^^ TRAIL , TRAIL R 2 , TRAIL R 3 , and TRAIL R 4 expression did not correlate statistically with disease free survival ( multivariate analysis : P = 0 . 54 , P = 0 . 67 , P = 0 . 45 , and P = 0 . 69 , respectively ) , but TRAIL R 1 expression was significantly associated with disease free survival in colon cancer ( multivariate analysis : P = 0 . 003 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TRAIL receptor mRNAs ( DR 4 , DR 5 , and DcR 2 ) were induced by doxorubicin but these changes were not reflected at the protein level . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| AIM : To observe the localization of TRAIL / TRAIR ( DR 4 , DR 5 , DcR 1 , DcR 2 ) in the fetal pancreas . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The expression levels of DR 4 and the decoy receptors , DcR 1 and DcR 2 , did not correlate with TRAIL sensitivities . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It is regulated by 2 death receptors , TRAIL receptor 1 ( TRAIL R 1 ) and TRAIL R 2 and 2 decoy receptors , TRAIL R 3 and TRAIL R 4 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To determine the molecular mechanisms involved in the enhanced apoptosis , we examined the expression of two TRAIL death receptors ( DR 4 and DR 5 ) and two TRAIL decoy receptors ( DcR 1 and DcR 2 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : Biopsies from 66 patients ( 28 Helicobacter pylori negative , 38 H . pylori positive ) were investigated for phenotypic distribution of TRAIL and its receptors DR4 / DR5 and DcR 2 on mucosal epithelium , and infiltrating mucosal lymphocytes using flow cytometry . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The SK N MC neuroblastoma cell line , which expresses surface tumour necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand ( TRAIL ) receptors TRAIL R 2 and TRAIL R 4 , was used as a model system to examine the effect of TRAIL on key intracellular pathways involved in the control of neuronal cell survival and apoptosis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TRAIL R 3 and TRAIL R 4 are receptors that do not transmit an apoptotic signal . ^^^ In normal pancreas , a minor subset of acinar cells coexpressed TRAIL R 2 and TRAIL R 4 , whereas ductular epithelium and interstitial fibroblast like cells ( FLC ) expressed TRAIL R 4 . ^^^ Islets focally neoexpressed TRAIL R 1 and R 2 and intensely expressed TRAIL R 4 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The RT PCR and Western blotting results demonstrated that the levels of both mRNA and protein for death receptor 4 , death receptor 5 and decoy receptor 2 remained unchanged in response to etoposide , indicating that the synergistic effect of TRAIL and etoposide is not a result of increasing the expression for TRAIL receptors , but rather is associated with amplification of the mitochondrial signal pathway . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Preparation and characterization of a set of monoclonal antibodies to TRAIL and TRAIL receptors DR 4 , DR 5 , DcR 1 , and DcR 2 . ^^^ Among TRAIL receptors , death receptor 4 ( DR 4 ) and DR 5 containing death domain ( DD ) in their cytoplasmic region mediate apoptosis signaling upon TRAIL binding , while decoy receptor 1 ( DcR 1 ) and DcR 2 with a truncated or non functional DD play `` decoy ' ' role . ^^^ In this study , we raised hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies against TRAIL ( FMU1 . 1 , 1 . 2 , 1 . 3 ) , DR 4 ( FMU1 . 4 ) , DR 5 ( FMU1 . 5 , 1 . 6 ) , DcR 1 ( FMU1 . 7 ) and DcR 2 ( FMU1 . 8 , 1 . 9 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Four membrane bound receptors for TRAIL have been identified , two apoptosis mediating receptors , DR 4 and DR 5 , and two apoptosis inhibiting receptors , DcR 1 and DcR 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Death receptors DR 4 and DR 5 can induce and decoy receptors DcR 1 and DcR 2 can inhibit TRAIL mediated apoptosis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Four TRAIL / Apo2L receptors ( DR 4 , DR 5 , DcR 1 , and DcR 2 ) have been identified . ^^^ We found that although half of the MRT cell lines examined were sensitive to TRAIL / Apo2L , Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of DcR 2 was low in TRAIL sensitive MRT cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Decoy receptors expressed included a novel soluble form of TNFRSF 25 ( formerly DR 3 or Apo 3 ) , implicated in rheumatoid arthritis linkage studies , as well as osteoprotegerin , a well characterized osteoblast protein that binds TRAIL and RANKL , and DcR 2 , which binds TRAIL . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Western blot analysis also shows that the low extracellular pH enhanced TRAIL cytotoxicity does not involve modulation of the levels of TRAIL receptors ( DR 4 , DR 5 , and DcR 2 ) , FLIP , inhibitor of apoptosis ( IAP ) , and Bcl 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TRAIL is known to bind to 4 different receptors , 2 proapoptotic ( DR 4 and DR 5 ) , and 2 potentially antiapoptotic receptors lacking death domains ( DcR 1 and DcR 2 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The combined cytotoxicity of TRAIL and EPI was significantly inhibited by the TRAIL neutralizing fusion protein DR 5 : Fc , although EPI did not affect the mRNA expression of DR 4 , DR 5 , DcR 1 or DcR 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recent studies show that death receptors ( DR 4 and DR 5 ) , decoy receptors ( DcR 1 and DcR 2 ) , and death inhibitors ( FLIP , FAP 1 , and IAP ) are responsible for the differential sensitivity to TRAIL of normal and tumor cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We show that both mRNA and protein of TRAIL receptors death receptors ( DR 4 , DR 5 ) and decoy receptors ( DcR 1 , DcR 2 ) are present in GCT stromal tumor cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Resting NK and CD 8 ( + ) T cells expressed the mRNA for all TRAIL receptors , but TRAIL R 4 was the only receptor clearly detectable on the surface of both cell types . ^^^ TRAIL R 1 , however , was never expressed at any time point examined , whereas the expression of TRAIL R 4 , which showed a progressive increase in CD 8 ( + ) T cells , remained constant in NK cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Membrane expression of TRAIL receptors DR 4 ( death receptor 4 ) , DR 5 ( pro apoptotic ) , DcR 1 ( decoy receptor 1 ) , DcR 2 ( anti apoptotic ) was assessed by flow cytometry . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The expression levels of DR 4 , DR 5 , DcR 1 and DcR 2 were measured in TRAIL treated and chemotherapeutic agent treated A 549 cells by Western blotting . ^^^ The expression levels of DR 4 and DR 5 were not significantly different and the expression of DcR 2 was slightly downregulated , but the expression of DcR 1 was not detected in non treated , TRAIL treated and chemotherapeutic agent treated A 549 cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , it may also bind the decoy receptors ( DcRs ) , DcR 1 and DcR 2 , which lack an intracellular signaling domain , thus negatively regulating TRAIL induced apoptosis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , co methylation patterns were observed for the TRAIL receptor pairs DCR 1 and DCR 2 and between DR 4 and DR 5 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OCs overexpressed TRAIL decoy receptor DcR 2 in the presence of MM T cells and death receptor DR 4 in T cell depleted cultures . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TRAIL / FP induced no discernible changes in FLIP , DR 4 , DR 5 , Mcl 1 , or survivin expression , modest declines in levels of DcR 2 and c IAP , but resulted in the marked transcriptional downregulation of XIAP . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Antisera against human TRAIL R 1 , TRAIL R 3 and TRAIL R 4 failed to reveal any other murine TRAIL receptor analogue . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Western blot analysis showed that combined treatment with TRAIL and amiloride did not change the levels of TRAIL receptors ( death receptor ( DR ) 4 , DR 5 , and DcR 2 ( decoy recepter 2 ) or antiapoptotic proteins ( FLICE inhibitory protein ( FLIP ) , inhibitor of apoptosis ( IAP ) , and Bcl 2 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TRAIL is unusual as compared to the other cytokines of this family , as it interacts with a complex system of receptors consisting of two pro apoptotic death receptors ( TRAIL R 1 and TRAIL R 2 ) and three decoy receptors ( TRAIL R 3 , TRAIL R 4 and osteoprotegerin ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression levels of TRAIL death ( DR 4 and DR 5 ) and decoy ( DcR 1 and DcR 2 ) receptors were not different between primary and metastatic OC cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| DcR 2 and DcR 3 overexpression may partly contribute to the resistance of pancreatic cancer cells to TRAIL R and Fas mediated cytotoxicity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Of four tumour necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand ( TRAIL ) receptors analysed , DR 4 was most commonly methylated ( 41 % ; compared with DcR 2 ( 26 % ) , DcR 1 ( 23 % ) and DR 5 ( 10 % ) ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TRAIL and its receptors TRAIL R 1 and TRAIL R 4 were constitutively expressed in normal epidermis and not altered in a variety of inflammatory dermatoses including those associated with interface dermatitis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| On the other hand , `` death receptor ' ' TRAIL R 1 , `` decoy receptors ' ' TRAIL R 3 , and TRAIL R 4 were barely detectable or undetectable at any time point examined . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The selective tumoricidal activity of TRAIL is believed to be modulated by agonistic ( DR 4 and DR 5 ) and antagonistic receptors ( DcR 1 and DcR 2 ) , which appear to compete for ligand binding . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The expression of TRAIL receptors ( DR 4 , DR 5 , DcR 1 , and DcR 2 ) and the expression of death signal transducing proteins were investigated . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Western blot analysis showed that combined treatment with TRAIL and amiloride did not change the levels of TRAIL receptors ( DR 4 , DR 5 , and DcR 2 ) and anti apoptotic proteins ( FLIP , IAP , and Bcl 2 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Reverse transcription PCR analyses confirmed the regulation of a group of apoptosis related genes , including the up regulation of the decoy receptor that inhibits tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand ( TRAIL ) action , TRAIL receptor 4 , and the down regulation of Fas , the receptor that mediates the action of Fas ligand . ^^^ Knockdown of TRAIL receptor 4 by RNA interference or ectopic expression of Fas relieved the suppressive effect of 1 , 25 dihydroxyvitamin D 3 , showing that molecular manipulation of death receptors is a viable approach to overcome the protective effect of 1 , 25 dihydroxyvitamin D 3 on the apoptosis of ovarian cancer . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TRAIL R 4 signaling in T cells induces NFkappaB , which activates antiapoptotic programs . ^^^ Here , we demonstrate that in insulinoma cells CM , TGFbeta / IFNgamma / TRAIL in combination induced TRAIL R 4 surface expression . ^^^ In conclusion , islets in CP not only evade immune attack by nonexposure of functional death receptors in the presence of TRAIL R 4 but also additionally neoexpress NFkappaB and its target genes , survivin and cIAP 1 , to protect themselves from apoptosis . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Five distinct receptors have been described for TRAIL : TRAIL R 1 ( DR 4 ) , TRAIL R 2 ( DR 5 , TRICK ) , TRAIL R 3 ( TRID , DcR 1 ) , TRAIL R 4 ( TRUNDD , DcR 2 ) , and osteoprotegerin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , a DcR 2 siRNA approach and a complementary gene therapy modality involving IKK inhibition ( AdIKKbetaKA ) were also tested to verify if these approaches could sensitize MCF 7 breast cancer cells to adenovirus delivery of TRAIL ( Ad5hTRAIL ) . ^^^ Furthermore , a DcR 2 siRNA approach lowered TRAIL R 4 expression on surface and this sensitized MCF 7 cells to TRAIL . ^^^ Both adenovirus mediated IKKbetaKA expression and a DcR 2 siRNA approach sensitized MCF 7 breast cancer cells to TRAIL . . ^^^ Moreover , novel quantitative Real Time RT PCR assays suggested that while the level of TRAIL Decoy Receptor 4 ( TRAIL R 4 ) expression was the highest in MCF 7 cells , it was the lowest TRAIL receptor expressed in MDA MB 231 cells . ^^^ In addition , conventional flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that TRAIL resistant MCF 7 cells exhibited substantial levels of TRAIL R 4 expression but not TRAIL decoy receptor 3 ( TRAIL R 3 ) on surface . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| No changes were observed in DR 4 , DR 5 , DcR 1 , and TRAIL mRNA and protein levels in prostate after castration . ( 2 ) A specific decrease in DcR 2 expression was observed in the ventral prostate after treatment of rats with the anti androgen flutamide . ^^^ Androgen withdrawal , by reducing DcR 2 expression , might leave the cells vulnerable to cell death signals generated by TRAIL via its functional receptors . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two of them , death receptors 4 and 5 ( DR 4 and DR 5 ) , induce apoptosis , whereas decoy receptors 1 and 2 ( DcR 1 and DcR 2 ) are unable to evoke cell death upon TRAIL binding . ^^^ We observed frequent expression of TRAIL DcR 1 and DcR 2 , while expression of DR 4 and DR 5 was less frequent . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The `` decoy receptors ' ' TRAIL R 3 ( TR 3 ) and TRAIL R 4 ( TR 4 ) were believed to negatively regulate TRAIL induced cytotoxicity by competing for ligand binding with TRAIL R 1 ( TR 1 ) and TRAIL R 2 ( TR 2 ) . ^^^ Preligand assembly domain mediated ligand independent association between TRAIL receptor 4 ( TR 4 ) and TR 2 regulates TRAIL induced apoptosis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although chemotherapy treatment did not modulate mRNA or cell surface expression of the TRAIL receptors death receptor 4 , death receptor 5 , decoy receptor 1 , or decoy receptor 2 , it was found to down regulate expression of the caspase 8 inhibitor , c FLIP . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TSA induced the transcription of TRAIL death receptor DR 5 without affecting the transcription of DR 4 and the decoy receptors ; DcR 1 and DcR 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here , we have generated and characterised a set of monoclonal antibodies , together with mAbs from the HLDA workshop , against DcR 1 , DcR 2 , DR 4 , DR 5 , TRAIL , APRIL , BAFF , BAFF R , BCMA , and TACI , which may be useful in phenotypic and functional studies of the role of TNF and TNF receptor family in immune function and regulation in relation to health and disease . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Inhibition of TRAILR 4 expression by siRNA sensitized for TRAIL , but not CD95L induced apoptosis . ^^^ Thus , the apoptosis inducing action of interferons may not only rely on the well established induction of TRAIL in effector cells but also on concomitant down regulation of its antagonizing decoy receptor TRAILR 4 in target cells . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Decoy receptor 2 ( DcR 2 ) is one of the tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand ( TRAIL ) receptors and suppresses TRAIL induced apoptosis . ^^^ In addition , overexpression of DcR 2 conferred resistance to TRAIL mediated apoptosis and attenuated cell response to DNA damaging agents , whereas silencing of DcR 2 expression enhanced chemotherapeutic agent induced apoptosis . ^^^ Decoy receptor 2 ( DcR 2 ) is one of the tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand ( TRAIL ) receptors and suppresses TRAIL induced apoptosis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TRAIL can also bind decoy receptor 1 ( DcR 1 ) ( TRAIL R 3 ) and DcR 2 ( TRAIL R 4 ) that fail to induce apoptosis since they lack and have a truncated cytoplasmic death domain , respectively . ^^^ In addition , DcR 1 and DcR 2 inhibit DR 4 and DR 5 mediated , TRAIL induced apoptosis and we demonstrate here that this occurs through distinct mechanisms . ^^^ While DcR 1 prevents the assembly of the death inducing signaling complex ( DISC ) by titrating TRAIL within lipid rafts , DcR 2 is corecruited with DR 5 within the DISC , where it inhibits initiator caspase activation . ^^^ The specificity of DcR 1 and DcR 2 mediated TRAIL inhibition reveals an additional level of complexity for the regulation of TRAIL signaling . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In vitro study showed that TRAIL elicited significant cell apoptosis of cell lines 3AO , SKOV 3 , and OVCAR 3 in a dose and time dependent manner ( P < 0 . 05 ) , while normal ovarian epithelial cells were resistant ; this toxicity free effect may be the result of upregulation of TRAIL receptors DcR 1 and DcR 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TRAIL can also bind to decoy receptors ( DcR 1 , DcR 2 , and osteoprotegerin receptor ) that can not induce apoptosis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand ( TRAIL ) induces apoptosis in melanoma by interaction with death receptors TRAIL R 1 ( DR 4 ) or TRAIL R 2 ( DR 5 ) on melanoma cells or resists apoptosis by interaction with decoy receptors TRAIL R 3 ( DcR 1 ) or TRAIL R 4 ( DcR 2 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P50591 and Q9UBN6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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