| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ActR 2 , ActR IB , trkB and c fos ) showed other temporal patterns . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Activin A and receptors ( ActR 1 , ActR IB , ActR 2 ) are transcribed in corneal fibroblasts . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In contrast , all activins activate a combination of ActRIIA and ALK 4 with various levels of potency . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Activins exert their effects by inducing heteromeric complexes of either of two different type 1 receptors , ActR 1 or ActR IB , and either of two type 2 receptors , ActR 2 or ActR IIB . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effect of activin is most likely mediated through specific receptors as mRNAs encoding several forms of activin receptors , namely ActR 1 , ActR IB , ActR 2 and ActR IIB are found in the preovulatory follicles as well as in cultured granulosa luteal cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The recently cloned bone morphogenetic factor receptor type 2 ( BMPR 2 ) was compared with the ActR 2 and several type 1 receptors including ActR 1 , ActR IB , BMPR IA , BMPR IB and TbetaR 1 . ^^^ At E 15 , the expression of ActR 2 mRNA was stronger than that of BMPR 2 in the spinal cord , followed in intensity by the expression of ActR 1 , ActR IB , BMPR IA , BMPR IB and TbetaR 1 mRNA . ^^^ ActR 2 , ActR 1 , ActR IB and , weakly , TbetaR 1 were all expressed in the dentate gyrus . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The major activin receptors expressed on HaCaT cells were activin type 2 receptor ( ActR 2 ) and activin type IB receptor ( ActR IB ) . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : These results suggest that activin A binds to a receptor complex of ActR 2 and ActR IB , and preferentially activates Smad 3 in HaCaT human keratinocytes . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Primers specific for two type 1 and two type 2 activin receptors ( ActR 1 , ActR IB , ActR 2 , and ActR IIB ) were used in polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) to amplify cDNAs prepared from granulosa luteal cells , placental tissues and isolated trophoblast cells . ^^^ PCR products with the expected sizes for ActR 1 , ActR IB , ActR 2 , and ActR IIB mRNAs were detected in freshly dissociated and 5 day cultured granulosa luteal cells ; and in trophoblast cells from both first trimester and term placentas . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Messenger RNAs for activin beta ( A ) subunit , activin binding protein ( follistatin ) , and various activin receptors , including ActR IA , ActR IB , ActR IIA , and ActR IIB , were detected in JEG 3 cells by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both type 1 and type 2 activin receptor ( ActR 1 , ActR IB and ActR 2 ) mRNA expression was also detectable in the pheochromocytoma tissues . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| When coexpressed with type 1 activin receptor ActR 1 or ActR IB in concert with type 2 receptor ActR 2 , Smad 7 efficiently reduced an early transcriptional response mediated by ActR 1 but had only a minimal effect on the response mediated by ActR IB . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we found the expression of activin type 1 receptors ( ActR 1 and ActR IB ) and type 2 receptor ( ActR 2 ) on human fetal lung fibroblasts ( HFL 1 ) by RT PCR and immunocytochemistry . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The presence of inhibin subunits ( alpha , betaA and betaB ) , activin binding protein follistatin and activin receptors ( ActR 1 , ActR IB , ActR 2 and ActR IIB ) mRNA transcripts in bovine oocytes and preimplantation embryos was examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Actr Ib , Actr 2 and Actr IIb , Alk 1 , and Smad proteins ( Smads 1 5 and Smad 8 ) in the septal region of the basal forebrain during mouse development . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Molecular cloning has yielded genes encoding two type 2 receptors ( ActRII and ActRIIB ) and at least two type 1 receptors ( ALK 2 and ALK 4 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Activin A bound to ActR IB / ALK 4 and ActR 2 , and BMP 7 bound to ActR I / ALK 2 , BMP type 1 receptor ( BMPR 1 ) / ALK 3 , ActR 2 and BMPR 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Each of the alanine substituted ActRII mutants retaining activin binding maintains the ability to form cross linked complexes with activin and supports activin cross linking to the type 1 activin receptor ALK 4 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Activins bind specific type 2 receptor serine kinases ( ActRII or IIB ) to promote the recruitment and phosphorylation of the type 1 receptor serine kinase , ALK 4 ( refs 7 9 ) , which then regulates gene expression by activating Smad proteins . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Analysis in native tissues from 12 normal thyroids , 16 goiters , and 5 Graves thyroids demonstrated mRNA expression of the activin subunit betaA , TGFbeta receptor type 1 and 2 , activin receptors type 1 receptors alk 2 and alk 4 , and activin type 2 receptors actRII and actRIIb . ^^^ Semi quantitative RT PCR revealed a significant 2 . 5 fold decrease of mRNA for alk 4 1 type 1 activin receptors in goiter as compared to normal thyroid ( p < 0 . 05 ) , whereas expression of the type 2 receptor actRII was unchanged . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of dominant negative mutants of various receptors indicated that ALK 4 , and either ActRIIA or ActRIIB , function as type 1 and type 2 receptors for Nodal , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) demonstrated the presence of various BMPs ( BMP 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 , and 8A and 8B ) , BMP type 1 and 2 receptors ( ALK 2 , ALK 3 , ALK 4 , BMPR 2 , and ActR IIA and IIB ) , BMP antagonists ( DAN , gremlin , chordin , cerberus , noggin , and tsg ) , and Smads 1 8 . mRNA expression of these genes did not change during differentiation , except for BMP 3 , BMP 8a , and noggin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Surprisingly , activin had no effect on follistatin mRNA levels , despite the fact that FS / D1h cells express ActRII , ActRIIB , and ALK 4 ( ActRIB ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Activins , like other members of the transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) superfamily , initiate signaling by assembling a complex of two types of transmembrane serine / threonine receptor kinases classified as type 2 ( ActRII or ActRIIB ) and type 1 ( ALK 4 ) . ^^^ A kinase deleted version of ALK 4 can form an inactive complex with activin and ActRII / IIB and thereby acts in a dominant negative manner to block activin signaling . ^^^ Cross linking studies measuring binding of 125I activin A to the ALK 4 trunc mutants in the presence of ActRII implicated the same residues . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Activins control many physiologic and pathophysiologic processes in multiple tissues and , like other TGF beta superfamily members , signal via type 2 ( ActRII / IIB ) and type 1 ( ALK 4 ) receptor serine kinases . ^^^ Our goal was to identify activin A mutants able to bind ActRII but unable to bind ALK 4 and which would be , therefore , candidate type 2 activin receptor antagonists . ^^^ Unlike wild type activin A , the M108A mutant was unable to form a cross linked complex with ALK 4 in the presence of ActRII indicating that its ability to bind ALK 4 was disrupted . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Previous studies have demonstrated that primary ovine pituitary cells express different activin receptor subtypes : activin receptor like ( ALK ) 2 , ALK 4 , activin type 2 receptor A ( ActRIIA ) , ActRIIB and Smad proteins in vitro . ^^^ Using Northern blots , we have shown that the levels of ALK 2 , ALK 4 and ActRIIB mRNA were significantly higher before the preovulatory surge and during the secondary surge of FSH as compared with both during the preovulatory surge and the luteal phase , whereas the level of the ActRIIA mRNA was similar throughout the oestrous cycle . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Activin A mutants able to bind ActRII but unable to bind the activin type 1 receptor ALK 4 define ligand residues involved in ALK 4 binding and could potentially act as antagonists . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Our data showed that Alk 4 , ActRIIA , ActRIIB , and Smads 2 , 3 , and 4 , are expressed in fetal thymus ( E 14 > E 15 > E 16 ) and in thymocytes from adult mice ( mostly in the double negative [ DN ] subpopulation ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we show that beta : beta activin binds to the activin type 2 receptor kinase ( ActRII ) which induces activin binding to the type 1 receptor kinase SKR 2 to form ActRII . beta : beta . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Finally , using cell lines that can be induced to overexpress ActRII and ActRIB or ActRIB only , we show that the inhibin antagonistic effects on activin induced biological responses are mediated through a competition for the type 2 activin receptor but also require the presence of an inhibin specific binding component . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Seminomas expressed significantly lower levels of ActRIIA ( P < 0 . 05 , Mann Whitney U test ) and higher levels of ActRIA ( P < 0 . 05 ) and ActRIB ( P < 0 . 05 ) compared with non seminomas . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , both ACTR1B and ACTRIIB were detectable and down regulated by exogenous activin , although not to the degree observed for ACTRIIA and betaA . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , actRI , actRII and actRIIb were expressed in all cell lines and actRIb mRNA was evident in ASPC 1 , CAPAN 1 , COLO 357 and PANC 1 cells . ^^^ Pancreatic cancer tissues also markedly over expressed actRI , actRIb and actRII . ^^^ By in situ hybridization , activin / inhibin betaA , actRI , actRIb and actRII were strongly expressed in diffuse infiltrative and duct like cancer cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , mRNAs for all four activin receptor subtypes ( ActRIA , ActRIB , ActRIIA , and ActRIIB ) were easily detectable in both oocytes and granulosa cells and appeared to be differentially expressed in oocytes during nuclear maturation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Activin receptor types IA ( ActRIA ) , IB ( ActRIB ) , IIA ( ActRIIA ) and IIB ( ActRIIB ) mRNAs were generally expressed in prostate epithelial cells , with significantly lower levels of ActRIB mRNA in prostate tumour material when compared to non malignant tissue ( P < 0 . 05 ; Mann Whitney U test ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mRNAs of four activin receptors ( ActRI , ActRIB , ActRII , and ActRIIB ) were also detected in the peritoneal macrophages , and the mRNA levels , except for ActRIB , were decreased during the LPS treatment . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RT PCR revealed that cultured chondrocytes expressed mRNAs of inhibin / activin betaA and four activin receptors ( two type 1 ( ActRI and ActRIB ) and two type 2 ( ActRII and ActRIIB ) ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Activin / BMP receptors ( ActRIA , ActRIB , ActRIIA , and ActRIIB ) , beta glycan , and Smad 1 8 mRNAs were expressed by the ovary . ^^^ The emergence of antral follicles ( postnatal d 12 ) saw ActRIA , ActRIIB , and Smad 2 mRNA expression return to d 4 levels , whereas ActRIB , ActRIIA , and Smads 1 , 4 , 5 , and 7 remained at lower levels . beta glycan mRNA levels increased 2 fold between d 8 and 12 , suggesting expression by the developing theca . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Complementary DNA samples produced by reverse transcription were used in the real time PCR to quantify the expression of inhibin alpha subunit , inhibin / activin beta ( A ) , beta ( B ) , beta ( C ) subunits , follistatin , ACTRIA , ACTRIB , ACTRIIA , ACTRIIB , beta glycan and GAPDH genes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The objective of the present study was to determine effects of postnatal age on expression of follistatin , inhibin alpha subunit , betaA subunit , betaB subunit , activin receptor ( ActR ) type IA , ActRIB , and ActRII in the developing ovine uterus . ^^^ In all uterine cell types , ActRIA , ActRIB , and ActRII were expressed , with the highest levels observed in the endometrial LE and GE and myometrium . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The expression of the activin receptors ( ActRIIA , ActRIIB and ActRIB ) , the inhibin co receptor ( betaglycan ) , and ligand subunit ( alpha , beta A and beta B ) , mRNA was measured by semi quantitative RT PCR in these tissues . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The results showed that the entire activin signaling system is expressed by the full grown immature zebrafish oocytes ( approximately 0 . 65 mm in diameter ) , including ALK 4 like ( ActRIB ) , ALK 2 like ( ActRIA ) , ActRIIA , ActRIIB , Smad 2 , Smad 3 , Smad 4 , and Smad 7 , therefore supporting our hypothesis that the oocytes are one of the direct targets of activin actions in the zebrafish ovary . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| All villous samples expressed inhibin alpha , inhibin / activin betaA , betaB , betaC , follistatin , activin receptors ( ACTRIA , ACTRIB , ACTRIIA , ACTRIIB ) and beta glycan genes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and P27037 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| For SNU 16 , changes in ActRIA , ActRIB , ActRIIA , ActRIIB , Smad 2 , Smad 4 , Smad 7 , and p 21 ( CIP1 / WAF1 ) mRNAs were detected with RT PCR after the cells were cultured with activin A for 24 , 48 and 72 h . ^^^ |
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