| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , discrete populations of neurons target MOR 1 to their axons , including some primary afferent neurons that express DOR 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the present study , we examined the relationship of the cloned mu and delta receptors ( MOR 1 and DOR 1 , respectively ) to PAG neurons projecting to the RVM , and RVM neurons projecting to the dorsal spinal cord . ^^^ This was carried out by combining immunocytochemical staining for MOR 1 , DOR 1 , and serotonin with fluorescent retrograde tract tracing . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| KOR 3 chimeras were constructed in which the first coding exon of KOR 3 was exchanged for the corresponding first coding exon of either MOR 1 ( MOR 1 / KOR 3 ) or DOR 1 ( DOR 1 / KOR 3 ) . ^^^ Conversely , the modest affinity of naloxone benzoylhydrazone for KOR 3 ( 310 nM ) is greatly increased in both the MOR 1 / KOR 3 ( Ki 69 nM ) and DOR 1 / KOR 3 ( Ki 74 nM ) chimeras . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , the very poor affinity of OFQ / N for all the traditional opioid receptors and the insensitivity of OFQ / N analgesia to antisense oligodeoxynucleotides active against MOR 1 , DOR 1 or KOR 1 sequences that selectively block mu , delta or kappa 1 analgesia , respectively , make it unlikely that OFQ / N analgesia is mediated through typical opioid receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To investigate further the mechanisms underlying these opioid effects , the present study examined the presynaptic and postsynaptic localization of delta ( DOR 1 ) and mu ( MOR 1 ) opioid receptors in the dorsal and ventral striatopallidal enkephalinergic system using fluorescence immunohistochemistry combined with anterograde and retrograde neuronal tracing techniques . ^^^ DOR 1 immunostaining in the pallidum co localized only with TRD and not PHA L , whereas pallidal MOR 1 immunostaining co localized with PHA L and not TRD . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| While MOR 1 , DOR 1 and KOR 1 like immunoreactivity was absent from the external plexiform layer , high densities of opioid peptides were found in this layer suggesting that MOR1B may be a targeted receptor of these peptides . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the present study , we examined the relationship of the cloned mu and delta opioid receptors ( MOR 1 and DOR 1 , respectively ) to GABAergic neurons in brain and spinal cord . ^^^ This was done by combining immunofluorescent staining for MOR 1 or DOR 1 with that for GABA or glutamic acid decarboxylase ( GAD ) ; fluorescent retrograde tract tracing was used in some cases to identify neurons with particular projections . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Solution hybridization of mRNA extracts encoding mu ( MOR 1 ) or delta ( DOR 1 ) opioid receptors indicated some regional differences in gene expression between high and low lines . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Previous studies have suggested that activation of the cloned mu and delta opioid receptors ( MOR 1 and DOR 1 respectively ) in the RVM produces the antinociception mediated by spinally projecting neurons . ^^^ In the present study , we investigated the expression of mRNA encoding either MOR 1 or DOR 1 in the RVM of rats . ^^^ In addition , we examined quantitatively the expression of MOR 1 and DOR 1 mRNAs in spinally projecting RVM neurons including serotonergic ( 5HT ) cells by using in situ hybridization , immunocytochemistry , retrograde tract tracing , and the physical disector . ^^^ We found that 43 % of RVM projection neurons expressed MOR 1 mRNA and 83 % of RVM projection neurons expressed DOR 1 mRNA . ^^^ Of this population , half appeared to be labeled for the mRNA encoding MOR 1 and over three fourths appeared to be labeled for the mRNA encoding DOR 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Antisense to all three opioid receptors attenuated the effect of diazoxide , suggesting that diazoxide is inducing the release of endogenous opioids activating the mu ( MOR 1 ) , delta ( DOR 1 ) , and kappa ( KOR 1 ) opioid receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present study evaluated whether MA induced feeding in rats was mediated by the endogenous opioid system through systemic administration of the general opioid antagonist , naltrexone , through central administration of either general , mu , mu ( 1 ) , kappa ( 1 ) or delta opioid antagonists , and through central administration of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide ( AS ODN ) probes directed against specific exons of either the mu ( MOR 1 ) , kappa ( KOR 1 ) , kappa ( 3 ) ( KOR 3 / ORL 1 ) or delta ( DOR 1 ) opioid receptor clones . ^^^ MA induced feeding was significantly reduced by AS ODN probes directed against either exons 1 , 2 or 3 , but not exon 4 of the MOR 1 clone , exon 3 , but not exons 1 or 2 of the KOR 1 clone , exons 1 or 2 , but not exon 3 of the KOR 3 / ORL 1 clone , and exon 1 , but not exons 2 or 3 of the DOR 1 clone . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Since the mechanism of action of this compound remains unknown , improgan analgesia was characterized presently with the tail immersion nociceptive test in mutant mice lacking either the mu ( exon 1 of MOR 1 ) , delta ( exon 2 of DOR 1 ) or kappa ( exon 3 of KOR 1 ) opioid receptor . ^^^ These studies demonstrate that improgan analgesia does not require intact MOR 1 , DOR 1 , or KOR 1 genes , and support the hypothesis that improgan like analgesics act in the CNS by non opioid mechanisms . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Previous studies have reported that the mRNAs encoding the cloned mu opioid receptor ( MOR 1 ) and the cloned delta opioid receptor ( DOR 1 ) are expressed in the dorsal root ganglia ( DRG ) of rats . ^^^ In the present study , we determined the sizes of DRG neurons expressing DOR 1 and MOR 1 mRNAs and examined whether or not DRG neurons were likely to be the source of the DOR 1 and MOR 1 immunoreactivity previously observed in the spinal dorsal horn . ^^^ The proportion of DRG cell profiles expressing DOR 1 mRNA was significantly higher than that expressing MOR 1 mRNA ( P < 0 . 0001 , chi square test ) . ^^^ No significant differences were observed between small ( less than or = 700 microm ( 2 ) ) and large ( > 700 microm ( 2 ) ) FG labeled neurons in the proportions labeled for either MOR 1 mRNA ( 202 / 497 vs . 44 / 86 , P > 0 . 2 , chi square test ) or DOR 1 mRNA ( 555 / 651 vs . 132 / 138 , P > 0 . 3 , chi square test ) . ^^^ Most FG labeled neurons that expressed either MOR 1 mRNA or DOR 1 mRNA ( 82 . 1 and 80 . 8 % , respectively ) were smaller than 700 microm ( 2 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Three members of the opioid receptor family were cloned in the early 1990s , beginning with the mouse delta opioid receptor ( DOR 1 ) and followed by cloning of mu opioid receptor ( MOR 1 ) and kappa opioid receptor ( KOR 1 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , immunoreactivity for neither the cloned mu opioid receptor ( MOR 1 ) nor the cloned delta opioid receptor ( DOR 1 ) has been observed in PAG cells retrogradely labeled from the RVM . ^^^ In the present study , we examined the expression of DOR 1 and MOR 1 mRNAs in PAG neurons projecting to RVM using quantitative in situ hybridization and retrograde tract tracing . ^^^ Retrogradely labeled neurons that were also labeled for MOR 1 or DOR 1 mRNA were observed in the dorsomedial , lateral , and ventrolateral portions of the PAG . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To specifically address the relative pre and postsynaptic contribution to spinal opioid analgesia , we have quantitatively assessed the pre vs . postsynaptic distribution of the mu opioid ( MOR 1 , MOP ( 1 ) ) and delta opioid receptors ( DOR 1 , DOP ( 1 ) ) . ^^^ We also examined the rostro caudal arborization of MOR 1 and DOR 1 immunoreactive primary sensory neurons , using an isolated dorsal root preparation . ^^^ We estimate that approximately one half of MOR 1 and two thirds of DOR 1 immunoreactivity in the cervical spinal cord is located on primary afferent fibers . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In general , MOR and DOR activation lagged only slightly behind the appearance of MOR 1 and DOR 1 mRNA but delayed activation was particularly pronounced in the trigeminal ganglia , where MOR 1 gene expression was first detected at e13 . 5 , but MOR activity was not observed even at birth . ^^^ Thus , the data demonstrate temporal and often region specific differences in the appearance and magnitude of functional activity in cell groups expressing either the MOR 1 or DOR 1 genes , suggesting that interaction between the opioid receptors , G proteins , and other signaling cofactors is developmentally regulated . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The combined use of selective opioid antagonists directed against mu , delta or kappa receptors and antisense probes directed against specific exons of the MOR 1 , DOR 1 , KOR 1 and KOR 3 / ORL 1 opioid receptor genes has been successful in characterizing the precise receptor subpopulations mediating feeding elicited by opioid peptides and agonists as well as homeostatic challenges . ^^^ The present study examined the dose dependent ( 5 80 nmol ) cerebroventricular actions of general and selective mu , delta , and kappa 1 opioid receptor antagonists together with antisense probes directed against each of the four exons of the MOR 1 opioid receptor gene and each of the three exons of the DOR 1 , KOR 1 , and KOR 3 / ORL 1 opioid receptor genes upon feeding elicited by cerebroventricular NPY ( 0 . 47 nmol , 2 ug ) . ^^^ Moreover , NPY induced feeding was significantly and markedly reduced by antisense probes directed against exons 1 , 2 , and 3 of the MOR 1 gene , exons 1 and 2 of the DOR 1 gene , exons 1 , 2 , and 3 of the KOR 1 gene , and exon 3 of the KOR 3 / ORL 1 gene . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This review examines the roles of the three traditional gene related opioid peptides ( proopiomelanocortin , proenkephalin , prodynorphin ) and the three major opioid receptor subtypes and their clones ( mu [ MOR 1 ] , delta [ DOR 1 ] and kappa [ KOR 1 ] ) in mediating food intake under spontaneous , deprivation , glucoprivic , stressful and palatable ingestive situations . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| They produced decreased amounts of OprD and increased amounts of a 50 kDa protein ( OprN ) , which was almost the same molecular weight as that of OprM , but it was distinguishable from OprM by its heat modifiability on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In particular this organism has 3 large families of porins : the OprD family of specific porins ( 19 members ) , the OprM family of efflux porins ( 18 members ) , and the TonB interacting family of gated porins ( 35 members ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The approach is illustrated for the three cloned opioid receptor subtypes ( OPRD , OPRM , and OPRK ) . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Next , in four ciprofloxacin selected nfxC like mutants , levels of oprD , oprM and oprN mRNA were compared with those of their wild type counterparts . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : Nonselective opioid antagonists reduce alcohol consumption under various experimental situations , and several association studies have examined possible roles of opioid receptor mu ( OPRM ) , delta ( OPRD ) , and kappa ( OPRK ) genes in the development of alcohol dependence . ^^^ METHODS : We examined 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) across the OPRM , OPRD , and OPRK genes in 158 alcohol dependent subjects and 149 controls . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Effect of carbapenems on the transcriptional expression of the oprD , oprM and oprN genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa . ^^^ The effects of imipenem and meropenem on the transcriptional expression of resistance related genes oprD , oprM and oprN in Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied by quantitative real time PCR . ^^^ The derivative M 7 is a nalB mutant , overexpressing the MexAB OprM pump , and the derivative PT 149 is a nfxC type mutant , overexpressing the MexEF OprN pump while it is down regulated for the OprD protein . ^^^ The results showed that oprD was relatively stable against carbapenem antibiotics . oprM was induced significantly by imipenem in only one strain and oprN was induced by imipenem in most of the strains . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mu , delta and kappa opioid receptors ( encoded by Oprm , Oprd 1 and Oprk 1 , respectively ) mediate the biological activity of opioids . ^^^ We have generated Oprd 1 deficient mice and compared the behavioural responses of mice lacking Oprd 1 , Oprm ( ref . 6 ) and Oprk 1 ( ref . 7 ) in several models of anxiety and depression . ^^^ Our data show no detectable phenotype in Oprk 1 / mutants , suggesting that kappa receptors do not have a role in this aspect of opioid function ; opposing phenotypes in Oprm / and Oprd 1 / mutants which contrasts with the classical notion of similar activities of mu and delta receptors ; and consistent anxiogenic and depressive like responses in Oprd 1 / mice , indicating that delta receptor activity contributes to improvement of mood states . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The three opioid receptor genes , and in particular the mu and delta loci ( OPRM 1 and OPRD 1 , respectively ) , are compelling candidates to influence risk for substance dependence . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The biochemical and anatomical selectivity of wash resistant inhibition of binding of [ ( 3 ) H ] DAMGO ( Oprm 1 ) , [ ( 3 ) H ] DPDPE ( Oprd 1 , putative subtype 1 agonist ) , or [ ( 3 ) H ] deltorphin 2 ( Oprd 1 , putative subytpe 2 agonist ) in coronal sections was assessed using quantitative in vitro autoradiography following injection of 5 ' NTII into the nucleus accumbens in rats . 5 ' NTII decreased [ ( 3 ) H ] deltorphin 2 to a greater extent than the binding of the other two radioligands following administration of 0 . 05 2 . 5 nmol . ^^^ In contrast , administration of the nonselective opioid receptor alkylating antagonist beta chlornaltexamine ( beta CNA ) over a similar range of doses was found to be nonselective for either delta radioligand , and produced greater inhibition of Oprm 1 relative to Oprd 1 binding , consistent with the nonselective pharmacological activity of this antagonist . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P41143 and P35372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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