| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.77433357 |
| The checkpoint kinases , Chk 1 and Cds 1 , are proposed to regulate the interactions between human Cdc25C and 14 3 3 proteins by phosphorylating Cdc25C on serine 216 . 14 3 3 proteins , in turn , function to keep Cdc25C out of the nucleus . 0.77433357^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Replication checkpoint requires phosphorylation of the phosphatase Cdc 25 by Cds 1 or Chk 1 . ^^^ We show by mutagenesis that Chk 1 functions redundantly with the kinase Cds 1 at the replication checkpoint and that both kinases phosphorylate Cdc 25 on the same sites , which include serine residues at positions 99 , 192 and 359 . ^^^ We conclude that both Cds 1 and Chk 1 regulate the binding of Cdc 25 to 14 3 3 proteins as part of the checkpoint response to unreplicated DNA . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A human homologue of the checkpoint kinase Cds 1 directly inhibits Cdc 25 phosphatase . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : These results suggest that , in human cells , the DNA damage checkpoint involves direct inactivation of Cdc 25 catalyzed by Cds 1 and / or Chk1 . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cdc 25 inhibited in vivo and in vitro by checkpoint kinases Cds 1 and Chk 1 . ^^^ Here , we present evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies , which indicates that Cds 1 also inhibits Cdc 25 , the phosphatase that activates Cdc 2 . ^^^ In an in vivo assay that measures the rate at which Cdc 25 catalyzes mitosis , Cds 1 contributed to a mitotic delay imposed by the S M replication checkpoint . ^^^ Cds 1 also inhibited Cdc 25 dependent activation of Cdc 2 in vitro . ^^^ In vitro , Cds 1 and Chk 1 phosphorylated Cdc 25 predominantly on serine 99 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Chk 1 and Chk 2 inhibit Cdc 2 by inactivating Cdc 25 , the phosphatase that normally activates Cdc 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We demonstrate that ( 1 ) CDC25B and C efficiently replace Cdc 25 for vegetative growth , ( 2 ) CDC25C is able to restore a functional checkpoint in response to ionizing radiation in both a Chk 1 and Cds 1 dependent manner , ( 3 ) CDC25B and C are equally efficient in the response to UV irradiation , CDC25B being only dependent on Chk 1 , while CDC25C depends on both Chk 1 and Cds 1 , and ( 4 ) CDC25C is able to restore a functional DNA replication checkpoint induced by hydroxyurea in a Cds 1 dependent manner . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The role of Cds 1 as a checkpoint kinase depends on its ability to phosphorylate cell cycle regulators such p 53 , Cdc 25 and Brca 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The DNA damage checkpoints employ damage sensor proteins , such as ATM , ATR , the Rad 17 RFC complex , and the 9 1 1 complex , to detect DNA damage and to initiate signal transduction cascades that employ Chk 1 and Chk 2 Ser / Thr kinases and Cdc 25 phosphatases . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Chk 1 , but not Chk 2 , inhibits Cdc 25 phosphatases by a novel common mechanism . ^^^ A C terminal site presumably equivalent to Thr 504 exists in all known Cdc 25 family members from yeast to humans , and its phosphorylation by Chk 1 ( but not Chk 2 ) can also inhibit all examined Cdc 25 family members from C terminally interacting with their Cdk cyclin substrates . ^^^ Thus , Chk 1 but not Chk 2 seems to inhibit virtually all Cdc 25 phosphatases by a novel common mechanism . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Chk 1 and Chk 2 kinases regulate Cdc 25 , Wee 1 and p 53 that ultimately inactivate cyclin dependent kinases ( Cdks ) which inhibit cell cycle progression . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Members of the eukaryotic Cdc 25 phosphatase family are key targets of the Chk 1 and Chk 2 checkpoint kinases , which inactivate Cdc 25 to halt cell cycle progression when DNA is damaged or incompletely replicated . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In vitro , Chk 2 phosphorylated Cdc25C on serine 216 , a site known to be involved in negative regulation of Cdc25C . ^^^ This is the same site phosphorylated by the protein kinase Chk 1 , which suggests that , in response to DNA damage and DNA replicational stress , Chk 1 and Chk 2 may phosphorylate Cdc25C to prevent entry into mitosis . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Like its fission yeast counterpart , human Cds 1 phosphorylated Cdc25C to promote the binding of 14 3 3 proteins . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using mass spectrometry , we found that , similar to Chk 1 , Chk 2 can phosphorylate serine 216 in Cdc25C , a site known to be involved in negative regulation of Cdc25C . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Further studies reveal that His 6 Prk phosphorylates Cdc25C on serine 216 , a residue also phosphorylated by Chk 1 and Chk 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We show that the checkpoint kinase CHK 2 , an upstream regulator of CDC25C , is phosphorylated and activated after CDT treatment . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both Chk 1 and Chk 2 , the checkpoint kinases , can phosphorylate Cdc25C and inactivate its in vitro phosphatase activity . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CHK 2 acts downstream of ataxia teleangiecstasia mutated ( ATM ) , modulates the function of p 53 and may help mediate cell cycle arrest at G2 / M by phosphorylation of Cdc25C . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Checkpoint kinase 2 ( Chk 2 ) monomers or dimers phosphorylate Cdc25C after DNA damage regardless of threonine 68 phosphorylation . ^^^ Chk 2 from unstressed human cells is largely monomeric and inactive in phosphorylating its substrate , Cdc25C . ^^^ Both Thr 68 phosphorylated and Thr 68 unphosphorylated forms of active Chk 2 are capable of phosphorylating Cdc25C . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cdc25C and p 53 have been reported to be physiological targets of checkpoint kinase 2 ( Chk 2 ) . ^^^ Surprisingly , although Chk 2 purified from DNA damage sustaining cells has dramatically increased ability to phosphorylate Cdc25C when compared with untreated cells , its ability to phosphorylate p 53 is weak before treatment , and there is no increase in its activity toward p 53 after DNA damage by gamma irradiation or the radiomimetic agent neocarzinostatin . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cell division cycle 25C ( CDC25C ) phosphorylation by CHK 2 is unaffected by the p 53 DNA binding domain peptides . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We examined the ATM , chk 2 , CDC25C , cdc 2 , and cyclin B 1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ Elevated or reduced expression rates of ATM , chk 2 , CDC25C , cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 were 4 . 5 % ( 1 / 22 ) , 0 % , 0 % , 0 % and 4 . 5 % ( 1 / 22 ) in EH and 3 . 3 % ( 2 / 61 ) , 4 . 9 % ( 3 / 61 ) , 13 . 1 % ( 8 / 61 ) , 9 . 8 % ( 6 / 61 ) and 9 . 8 % ( 6 / 61 ) in EC . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Upon ionizing radiation , Chk 2 is activated to phosphorylate Cdc25C , leading to G 2 phase arrest . p 53 has been reported as another substrate of Chk 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In marked contrast , CHK 2 expressed in either mammalian cells or in bacteria is already active as a kinase against itself and CDC25C and can delay cell cycle progression . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Chk 2 and Cdk 1 phosphorylation and Cdc25C expression also differed between FN and polystyrene cultures . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Colony forming assays , flow cytometric DNA analysis , immunoblotting ( Chk 1 , Chk 2 , Cdc25C , Cdk 1 , 14 3 3 , p 53 , p 21 ) , and protein kinase assays ( ILK , PKBalpha / Akt , GSK 3beta ) were performed with or without PI3K inhibition using LY 294002 or wortmannin . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Genistein enhanced the activity of the checkpoint kinase , Chk 2 , which phosphorylates / inactivates Cdc25C , induced accumulation of p 53 , and activated the ataxia telangiectasia mutated ( ATM ) gene . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In response to DNA damage , the cell cycle checkpoint kinase 2 ( CHEK 2 ) may phosphorylate p 53 , Cdc25A and Cdc25C , and regulate BRCA 1 function , leading to cell cycle arrest and DNA repair . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Increased Ser 216 phosphorylation of Cdc25C upon treatment with SFN was the result of activation of checkpoint kinase 2 ( Chk 2 ) , which was associated with Ser 1981 phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated , generation of reactive oxygen species , and Ser 139 phosphorylation of histone H2A . ^^^ These findings indicate that Chk 2 mediated phosphorylation of Cdc25C plays a major role in irreversible G ( 2 ) / M arrest by SFN . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Because CHK 1 and CHK 2 share some substrates such as CDC25C in vitro , this assay could also be used for CHK 2 activity assay , except that the CHK 2 antibody will replace the CHK 1 antibody . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We found that overreplication caused by depletion of geminin activated both Chk 1 and Chk 2 , which then phosphorylated Cdc25C on Ser 216 , resulting in its sequestration outside the nucleus , thus inhibiting cyclin B Cdc 2 activity . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We examined human papillomavirus ( HPV ) typing and the status of ATM , chk 2 , CDC25C , cdc 2 and cyclinB 1 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ( CIN ) and invasive cancer ( IC ) . ^^^ We analyzed ATM , chk 2 , CDC25C , cdc 2 and cyclinB 1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ Abnormal expression of ATM , chk 2 , CDC25C , cdc 2 and cyclinB 1 were 2 . 9 % , 32 . 4 % , 2 . 9 % 20 . 6 % and 0 % in CINs and 8 . 2 % , 30 . 6 % , 10 . 2 % , 46 . 9 % and 12 . 2 % in ICs . ^^^ However , the relationship between HPV typing and ATM , chk 2 , CDC25C and cyclinB 1 expression was not significant . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Proteasome mediated degradation of Cdc25A and phosphorylation of Cdc25C were induced by Ara C treatment , presumably due to the activation of Chk 2 and Chk 1 , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Moreover , beta elemene reduced the expression of Cdc25C , which dephosphorylates / activates Cdc 2 , but enhanced the expression of the checkpoint kinase , Chk 2 , which phosphorylates / inactivates Cdc25C . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Temozolomide treated control cells activated the DNA damage signal transducers Chk 1 , Chk 2 , and p 38 , leading to Cdc25C and Cdc 2 inactivation , prolonged G 2 arrest , and loss of clonagenicity by a combination of senescence and mitotic catastrophe . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Further upstream , we observed that resveratrol causes phosphorylation of cell division cycle 25C ( Cdc25C ) tyrosine phosphatase via the activation of checkpoint kinases Chk 1 and Chk 2 , which in turn were activated via ATM ( ataxia telangiectasia mutated ) / ATR ( ataxia telangiectasia Rad 3 related ) kinase in response to DNA damage , as resveratrol also increased phospho H2A . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we have studied the ability of MG to cause DNA damage , cell cycle arrest in mimosine synchronised and the possible roles of Chk 1 , Chk 2 , Cdc 2 , Cdc25C , 14 3 3 and Cyclin B 1 in control and MG transformed SHE cells in order to understand the differential mechanisms associated with G2 / M checkpoint control . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Functionally , Chk 2 can activate both apoptosis ( via p 53 , E2F1 and PML ) and cell cycle checkpoint ( via Cdc25A and Cdc25C , p 53 , and BRCA 1 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Chk 2 transmits signals from upstream phosphatidylinositol 3 ' kinase like kinases to effector substrates including p 53 , Brca 1 , Cdc25A , and Cdc25C . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These findings indicate that silymarin and silibinin modulate G 1 phase cyclins CDKs CDKIs for G 1 arrest , and the Chk 2 Cdc25C Cdc2 / cyclin B 1 pathway for G 2 M arrest , together with an altered subcellular localization of critical cell cycle regulators . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , under treatment with various concentrations of PA in MDA MB 231 cell line , we checked mRNA levels for cyclin A and cyclin B 1 and the protein levels of cyclin A and cyclin B 1 , Cdc 2 ( cyclin dependent kinases ) , p 21 ( waf1 / cip1 ) and P 27 ( Kip 1 ) ( cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors ) , Cdc25C , Chk 2 and Wee 1 kinase ( cyclin dependent kinase relative factors ) in cell cycle G2 / M phase . ^^^ From those results , we determined that PA arrests MDA MB 231 cells at the G2 / M phase by ( 1 ) inhibiting synthesis or stability of mRNA and their downstream protein levels of cyclin A and cyclin B 1 , ( 2 ) increasing p 21 ( waf1 / cip1 ) and P 27 ( kip 1 ) levels , ( 3 ) increasing Chk 2 , thus causing an increase in Cdc25C phosphorylation / inactivation and inducing a decrease in Cdc 2 levels and an increase in Wee 1 level . ^^^ According to the results obtained , PA appears to possess anticarcinogenic properties ; these results suggest that the effect of PA on the levels of phosphorylated / inactivated Cdc25C are mediated by Chk 2 activation , at least in part , via p 21 ( waf1 / cip1 ) and P 27 ( kip 1 ) cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors pathway to arrest cells at G2 / M phase in breast cancer carcinoma cells . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| When Chk 2 was immunoprecipitated from Daudi cells ( Plk 3 deficient ) , it had weak kinase activity towards Cdc25C compared with Chk 2 derived from T47D cells ( Plk 3 expressing cells ) . ^^^ These data describe a functional role for Plk 3 in a pathway linking ATM , Plk 3 , Chk 2 , Cdc25C and Cdc 2 in cellular response to DNA damage . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P30307 and O96017 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|