| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| IGF 1 increases expression of VEGF A , TGFbeta , CTGF and Cyr 61 mRNA . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Xenograft tumors derived from CTGF transfectants grew more slowly than those from control transfected cells and had reduced expression of HIF 1alpha and VEGF A , vascularization ( as assessed by CD 31 expression ) , and metastasis ( all P < . 001 ) . ^^^ Xenograft tumors derived from CTGF overexpressing cells that were transfected with HIF 1alpha had higher VEGF A expression than CTGF overexpressing xenografts . ^^^ Transfection with antisense ARD 1 decreased the level of acetylated HIF 1alpha and restored HIF 1alpha and VEGF A expression in CTGF overexpressing cells . ^^^ CONCLUSION : CTGF inhibition of metastasis involves the inhibition of VEGF A dependent angiogenesis , possibly by promoting HIF 1alpha protein degradation . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Since connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) is a potent mitogen for fibrosis , extracellular matrix production , and angiogenesis , we have studied the effects and mechanism by which vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) regulates CTGF gene expression in retinal capillary cells . ^^^ In our study , VEGF increased CTGF mRNA levels in a time and concentration dependent manner in bovine retinal endothelial cells and pericytes , without the need of new protein synthesis and without altering mRNA stability . ^^^ VEGF activated the tyrosine receptor phosphorylation of KDR and Flt 1 and increased the binding of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase ( PI 3 kinase ) p 85 subunit to KDR and Flt 1 , both of which could mediate CTGF gene induction . ^^^ VEGF induced CTGF expression was mediated primarily by PI 3 kinase activation , whereas PKC and ERK pathways made only minimal contributions . ^^^ Furthermore , overexpression of constitutive active Akt was sufficient to induce CTGF gene expression , and inhibition of Akt activation by overexpressing dominant negative mutant of Akt abolished the VEGF induced CTGF expression . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To elucidate the role of CTGF in fibrovascular proliferative retinopathy , we investigated the regulation of CTGF gene expression in a cell line of retinal vascular endothelial cells ( RVEC ) stimulated with fetal calf serum ( FCS ) and angiogenic growth factors , including vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) , platelet derived growth factor BB ( PDGF BB ) , endothelial growth factor ( EGF ) , transforming growth factor beta 1 and beta 3 ( TGF beta 1 , TGF beta 3 ) , and insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) . ^^^ No response on CTGF gene expression could be detected to VEGF , PDGF BB , or IGF 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Human squamous cell carcinoma ( A 431 ) xenografts induced only a low level of neovascularization . ( 2 ) CTGF mRNA was strongly expressed in MDA 231 and in HT 1080 cells in vivo and in vitro , but not in A 431 cells . ( 3 ) CTGF protein was markedly produced in MDA 231 cells and HT 1080 cells and secreted into culture medium , and its production was greater during phases of growth rather than confluency . ( 4 ) Production of CTGF in bovine aorta endothelial cells was induced by CTGF , VEGF , bFGF and TGF beta . ( 5 ) Neovascularization induced by HT 1080 cells or MDA 231 cells on chicken chorioallantoic membrane was suppressed in the presence of neutralizing CTGF specific polyclonal antibody . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Connective tissue growth factor binds vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and inhibits VEGF induced angiogenesis . ^^^ To seek the binding inhibitors against VEGF , we screened the chondrocyte cDNA library by a yeast two hybrid system by using VEGF 165 as bait and identified connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) as a candidate . ^^^ The complex formation of VEGF 165 with CTGF was first established by immunoprecipitation from the cells overexpressing both binding partners . ^^^ A competitive affinity binding assay also demonstrated that CTGF binds specifically to VEGF 165 with two classes of binding sites ( Kd = 26 + / 11 nM and 125 + / 38 nM ) . ^^^ Binding assay using deletion mutants of CTGF indicated that the thrombospondin type 1 repeat ( TSP 1 ) domain of CTGF binds to the exon 7 coded region of VEGF 165 and that the COOH terminal domain preserves the affinity to both VEGF 165 and VEGF 121 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , there is evidence that glucocorticoids influence the expression of such growth factors as vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) , and connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) , which are known to influence the development or progression of renal diseases . ^^^ Glomerular expression of VEGF , TGF beta 1 , and CTGF , the amount of urinary protein , and glomerular ECM were measured on the seventh disease day . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Gene expression of adhesion molecules , interleukin 1alpha ( IL 1alpha ) , IL 1beta , monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 , macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha ( MIP 1alpha ) , MIP 2 , transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , Flt 1 , and Flk 1 was enhanced at the wound site . ^^^ In KO mice , an enhancement in angiogenesis , collagen content , and reepithelialization was accelerated with the increased gene expression of TGF beta 1 , CTGF , VEGF , Flt 1 , and Flk 1 at the wound sites , resulting in accelerated wound healing compared with WT mice . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have recently demonstrated that VEGF ( 165 ) , one of the VEGF isoforms , binds connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) and that its angiogenic activity is inhibited in the VEGF ( 165 ) . ^^^ CTGF complex to matrix metalloproteinases ( MMP 1 , 2 , 3 , 7 , 9 , and 13 ) , ADAMTS 4 ( aggrecanase 1 ) , and serine proteinases , and evaluated the recovery of the angiogenic activity of VEGF ( 165 ) after the treatment . ^^^ Among the MMPs , MMP 1 , 3 , 7 , and 13 processed CTGF of the complex into the major NH ( 2 ) and COOH terminal fragments , whereas VEGF ( 165 ) was completely resistant to the MMPs . ^^^ On the other hand , elastase and plasmin cleaved both CTGF and VEGF ( 165 ) of the complex , but they were completely resistant to ADAMTS 4 . ^^^ These results demonstrate for the first time that CTGF is a substrate of MMPs and that the angiogenic activity of VEGF ( 165 ) suppressed by the complex formation with CTGF is recovered through the selective degradation of CTGF by MMPs . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Among these genes , we found down regulation of 11 genes ( MMP 9 , protease M , uPAR , VEGF , neuropilin , TSP , BPGF , LPA , TGF beta 2 , TSP 1 , PAR 2 ) and up regulation of two genes ( connective tissue growth factor , connective tissue activation peptide ) , which are related to angiogenesis , tumor cell invasion and metastasis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We observed induction of proangiogenic VEGF ( vascular endothelial growth factor ) and of antiangiogenic sFlt 1 , angiostatin , p 43 , allograft inflammatory factor 1 , and connective tissue growth factor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We report on the presence of CTGF in pterygium and its simultaneous presence with vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These defects are linked to decreased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) in the hypertrophic zones of Ctgf mutants . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both proteins are transcriptionally activated in endothelial cells in response to basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) or vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , and endothelial cell proliferation and migration in vitro is reduced by antagonists of CTGF production or action . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To dissect the molecular basis of this process , we analyzed localization of proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , its receptor vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 ( VEGFR 1 , Flt 1 ) , of downstream VEGF effectors matrix metalloproteinase 1 ( MMP 1 ) and connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) , and of VEGF interacting antiangiogenic thrombospondin 1 and independent angiostatin in brains of patients who died with CM and controls by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting experiments . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The goal of this study was to test this hypothesis by examining the expression of hypertrophic chondrocyte markers ( transcription factor Cbfa 1 , MMP 13 , type 10 collagen , VEGF , CTGF ) and cartilage matrix proteins under cyclic tension and cyclic hydrostatic pressure . ^^^ Cyclic tension upregulated the expression of Cbfa 1 , MMP 13 , CTGF , type 10 collagen and VEGF and downregulated the expression of TIMP 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Therefore , attention is limited to factors that may be important in the development of early diabetic glomerulopathy , including transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) , insulin like growth factor ( IGF ) 1 , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) A , and connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Whereas the CTGF gene alone induced weak sprouting activity , it appeared to inhibit the angiogenic activity of the VEGF 165 gene during cotreatment . ^^^ This attenuating activity of CTGF on VEGF was reproduced in vivo in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia . ^^^ In a group of mice treated with both pJDK CTGF and pJDK VEGF 165 , the blood flow measured by laser Doppler imaging was significantly lower than that of the pJDK VEGF 165 treated group 10 days after femoral artery excision . ^^^ These results are consistent with recent reports that suggest that CTGF inhibits VEGF . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In parallel , genes involved in tissue remodeling and inflammation eg , CTGF , VCAM 1 , IL 1beta , MMP 7 , and VEGF were up regulated . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Transforming growth factor ( TGF ) beta 1 induced other growth factors such as connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , insulin growth factor ( IGF ) and many structural and extracellular matrix proteins . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The pathogenetic actions of the RAS and KKS in many tissues and possibly the diabetic retina are mediated by specific growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We discovered that these cells show an angiogenic program of gene expression , with up regulation of several genes previously implicated in angiogenesis , including VEGF , IL 6 , VEGF C , HB EGF , CTGF , tenascin C , integrin alpha 5 , and Eph receptor A 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Other up regulated genes , such as connective tissue growth factor , cysteine rich 61 , matrix metalloproteinase 1 , vascular endothelial cadherin , tenascin C , stanniocalcin 1 , and cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 are known to be involved in VEGF regulated angiogenesis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We hypothesise that TGF beta acts on peritoneal mesothelial cells ( PMC ) via VEGF and CTGF as downstream mediators . ^^^ VEGF and CTGF mRNA expression was examined by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( RT QPCR ) , and VEGF antigen level in cell supernatant by ELISA . ^^^ The effect of TGF beta on PMC CTGF , but not VEGF , gene expression was inhibited by Smad decoy oligodeoxynucleotide . ^^^ Furthermore , CTGF gene expression in TGF beta stimulated PMC was inhibited by co administration of recombinant VEGF . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Our data demonstrate that TGF beta induces PMC production of VEGF and CTGF via different signalling pathways . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| PURPOSE : To investigate whether triamcinolone acetonide ( TA ) affects the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) in retinal pigment epithelial ( RPE ) cells exposed to oxidative stress . ^^^ Cellular expression of VEGF , CTGF , and an inducer of both growth factors , transforming growth factor ( TGF ) beta was investigated with real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis . ^^^ RESULTS : Oxidative stress induced mRNA expression of VEGF , CTGF , and TGF beta by RPE cells . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : TA reduced VEGF expression and induced CTGF expression in ARPE 19 cells exposed to oxidative stress , and conditioned medium from these cells inhibited tube formation by HUVECs . ^^^ Because VEGF is a major cytokine involved in angiogenesis , and CTGF is a main cytokine related to fibrosis , these results suggest that changes in their expression may be important mechanisms underlying the decreased choroidal neovascularization and fibrosis after administration of TA . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We studied the processes involved in the regulation of fibrosis in trachoma by investigating the expression of the fibrogenic and angiogenic connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) and basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) , the angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , the angiogenesis associated endothelial cell marker CD 105 ( endoglin ) , and the ECM protein tenascin in the conjunctiva . ^^^ METHODS : Conjunctival biopsy specimens from six patients with active trachoma , and six control subjects were studied by immunohistochemical techniques using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies directed against CTGF , bFGF , VEGF , CD 105 , and tenascin . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : These findings suggest that macrophages play an active role in conjunctival scarring , upregulated local production of CTGF , bFGF , and VEGF contributes to both fibrous tissue growth and angiogenesis , vascular endothelial cells are activated and are undergoing active angiogenesis , and deposition of tenascin reflect remodelling of the conjunctiva in trachomatous conjunctivitis . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) , the cytoskeleton proteins lamininA 3 and alpha tubulin , and the signal transduction protein Rad was enhanced in the subchorionic lateral border compared to medial basal site ( 1 . 6 2 . 9 fold , p < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cluster analysis revealed a remarkable selectivity in the mode of action exerted by TGF beta on IL 1 regulated genes : antagonistic on pro inflammatory genes whereas additive on growth regulators such as vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| There was a modest correlation between AQP 3 and connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) mRNA expression in PDE ( r=0 . 30 , p=0 . 06 ) , while AQP 1 expression correlated closely with CTGF expression ( r=0 . 56 , p=0 . 0002 ) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) expression ( r=0 . 37 , p=0 . 02 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Independent TaqMan and Sybr Green quantitative PCR analysis significantly validated genes involved in regulation of cell proliferation ( platelet derived growth factor [ PDGF alpha ] ) , angiogenesis ( vascular endothelial growth factor [ VEGF ] ) , ECM accumulation and degradation ( CTGF , IL 11 , and ADAMT S 5 ) , and growth factor binding ( ESM 1 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Light microscopic immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect CTGF , transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , pancytokeratin , and smooth muscle actin ( SMA ) . ^^^ Immunohistochemical analysis of serial sections revealed colocalization of CTGF with TGF beta 1 and VEGF ; colocalization of CTGF with pancytokeratin and SMA was also found . ^^^ Colocalized TGF beta 1 and VEGF may also contribute the upregulation of CTGF . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : High glucose stimulated a striking increase in BRPC gremlin mRNA levels in parallel with increases in mRNA for the growth factors vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , transforming growth factor beta ( TGFbeta ) , and connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) and changes in other genes including fibronectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The purpose of this animal study was to evaluate the effects of cyclical tendon loading on the densities of cells producing growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , its receptor , vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) , and connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) in the Flexor Digitorum Profundus ( FDP ) tendon at the epicondyle . ^^^ VEGF , VEGFR 1 , and CTGF cell densities in tendon are increased with cyclical loading : An in vivo tendinopathy model . ^^^ The tendons at the medial epicondyle insertion sites were harvested , and sections were immunostained with antibodies directed against VEGF , VEGFR 1 , or CTGF . ^^^ VEGF ( p = 0 . 0001 ) , VEGFR 1 ( p = 0 . 046 ) , and CTGF ( p = 0 . 0001 ) cell densities were increased in the tendon of the loaded limb compared to the nonloaded limb . ^^^ In addition , regional differences in VEGF , VEGFR 1 , and CTGF cell densities were found . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of the angiomatrix and angiogenic proteins CYR 61 , CTGF , and VEGF in osteonecrosis of the femoral head . ^^^ VEGF , CYR 61 , and CTGF have been identified as signaling factors that control angiogenesis and could be important in fracture healing . ^^^ Immunohistochemistry for CD 34 , CYR 61 , CTGF , and VEGF expression was done on each bone cylinder representing the different regions of osteonecrosis ( necrosis , fibrosis , transition zone , and edematous area ) . ^^^ VEGF , CYR 61 , and CTGF were expressed in samples with osteonecrosis . ^^^ CYR 61 , CTGF , and VEGF are expressed to different degrees in the different repair zones of osteonecrosis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , VEGF levels were unaffected by Myc , but enhanced neovascularization correlated with downregulation of anti angiogenic thrombospondin 1 ( Tsp 1 ) and related proteins , such as connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Smad 7 gene transfer suppressed mRNA expressions of connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) , VEGF , and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in vivo and those of type 1 collagen , alphaSMA , and CTGF in vitro . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , five genes related to vascular endothelial cell physiology ( CTGF , WWP 2 , CD 274 , VEGF . and its receptor FLT 1 ) showed significantly reduced expression in the postperfusion biopsies of patients with need of therapeutic interventions due to graft related complications in the first month ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P15692 and P29279 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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