Pubmed abstracts for Protein-Protein Interaction search result :

Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.93505366
Interactions between DNA polymerase beta and the major covalent adduct of the carcinogen ( + ) anti benzo [ a ] pyrene diol epoxide with DNA at a primer template junction . 0.93505366^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.87795526
Interactions of rat DNA polymerase beta with a single stranded ( ss ) DNA have been studied using the quantitative fluorescence titration technique . 0.87795526^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.77912772
Lineweaver Burk plots revealed that 3 , 4 , and 6 exhibited mixed inhibition of DNA polymerase beta with respect to both activated DNA and dTTP . 0.77912772^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.71195556
Interactions between human DNA polymerase beta and the template primer , as well as gapped DNA substrates , have been studied using quantitative fluorescence titration and analytical ultracentrifugation techniques . 0.71195556^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.67598609
The interaction of a series of DNA substrates with human DNA polymerase beta has been studied in real time by using a surface plasmon resonance ( SPR ) biosensor technique . 0.67598609^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.69051461
XRCC 1 and DNA polymerase beta interaction contributes to cellular alkylating agent resistance and single strand break repair . 10 ray cross complementing 1 ( XRCC 1 ) protein has been suggested to bind to DNA single strand breaks ( SSBs ) and organize protein interactions that facilitate efficient DNA repair . 0.69051461^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Selective response of DNA polymerase beta to bleomycin induced breaks in DNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , DNA polymerase beta used beta 2 ' deoxy 6 thioguanosine 5 ' triphosphate at a much lower rate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interaction of human DNA polymerase beta with ions of copper , lead , and cadmium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Levels and patterns of DNA polymerase beta were similar in mock and virus infected cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta did not show this variation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta ( ovarian ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A low molecular weight DNA polymerase beta in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpurantus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Detection of a DNA polymerase beta stimulating protein in HeLa cell nuclear extracts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta and gamma activities show essentially no correlation with the rate of cell division . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase alpha was found to be more unstable in glycerol suspensions than DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
New properties of the DNA polymerase beta isolated from non stimulated normal human lymphocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The activity of low molecular weight DNA polymerase beta does not change significantly . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Only DNA polymerase beta was moderately inhibited by Sho saiko to . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta in lymphocytes was also activated by the addition of these proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CdG TP was not a potent inhibitor of either DNA polymerase beta or gamma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta activity was of same level in both tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the other hand , rat DNA polymerase beta was not affected by these analogues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta and DNA synthesis in Xenopus oocytes and in a nuclear extract . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta and poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) is a constitutively expressed DNA repair enzyme in vertebrate cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta activity was absent or recovered in only trace amounts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Calf testis DNA polymerase beta was also arrested efficiently at AG , GAG and G , but much more weakly at GG . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activity gels did not indicate the presence of a DNA polymerase beta in P . falciparum . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the contrary , the expression of DNA polymerase beta was increased in mesencephalon . 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sequence of human DNA polymerase beta mRNA obtained through cDNA cloning . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase , however , were relatively resistant to inhibition by HPA 23 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta activity was inhibited only by ddeTTP and ddeCTP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta was also more sensitive to TGQA when measured with MnCl 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The compound had also no inhibitory effect on DNA polymerase beta or gamma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Dideoxythymidine , a DNA polymerase beta inhibitor , led to complex results . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No DNA polymerase beta activity is present in the nuclear fraction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Progress toward molecular biology of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of human DNA polymerase beta in Escherichia coli and characterization of the recombinant enzyme . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Regulation of DNA polymerase beta gene expression and its physiological significance ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the other hand , it did not inhibit the activity of human DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , 3 ' amino 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxy CTP selectively inhibited DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Purification and characterization of a DNA polymerase beta from Drosophila * . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activity of mouse DNA polymerase beta is not affected by factor D with all the tested templates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Separation and characterization of protein factor of DNA polymerase B from developing rat brain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interaction of DNA accessory proteins with DNA polymerase beta of the Novikoff hepatoma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Under the same conditions DNA polymerase beta and gamma are much less inhibited . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta and DNA topoisomerase 1 activities sedimented with mature polyoma minichromosomes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , HeLa DNA polymerase beta was insensitive to the analogue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Stimulating factor for calf thymus DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Specificity of the catalytic interaction of human DNA polymerase beta with nucleic acid substrates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA damage increases the activity of both DNA polymerase beta and DNA ligase 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Only DNA polymerase alpha , not DNA polymerase beta and gamma , was inhibited by these drugs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta was isolated from embryonic cells of the sea urchin S . intermedius and purified 1040 fold . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta , 2 ' , 3 ' ddT ( dideoxythymidine ) was intermediately effective . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta was not inhibited by long chain fatty acyl CoA ' s . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , this enzyme was classified as a eukaryotic DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The DNA polymerase beta activity catalyzed by ( dA ) n . ( dT ) 12 was also inhibited by ( dAfl ) n . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No DNA polymerase beta activity could be detected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of DNA polymerase beta in isolated nuclei . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta was present in all testis cells with similar activities in spermatogonia and spermatocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta belongs to an ancient nucleotidyltransferase superfamily . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Construction and expression of a chimeric gene encoding human terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase and DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Message levels of DNA polymerase beta were unchanged in similar experiments . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , Cre was used to delete a segment of the DNA polymerase beta gene flanked by IoxP recombinase recognition sites . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These characteristics are similar to those of Coprinus DNA polymerase beta [ Sakaguchi and Lu ( 1982 ) Mol . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The repair is aphidicolin and N ethylmaleimide resistant , suggesting a repair action by DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta activity did not change with LH , FSH or TS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Purification and domain mapping of mammalian DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One fraction was extensively purified and by several criteria shown to be identical to DNA polymerase beta ( Polbeta ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , dideoxythymidine triphosphate , a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta , did not abrogate the KGF effect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta was not detectable in Xenopus ovary extracts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fold recognition programs identified the palm subdomain of rat DNA polymerase beta as the most likely fold for RD . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The biochemical inhibition mode of bredinin 5 ' monophosphate on DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mammalian base excision repair and DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In short patch repair , DNA polymerase beta accounts for both excision activity and single nucleotide repair synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta gene mutation in human breast cancer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mapping of the 5 ' 2 deoxyribose 5 phosphate lyase active site in DNA polymerase beta by mass spectrometry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA structure and aspartate 276 influence nucleotide binding to human DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The biochemical mode of inhibition of DNA polymerase beta by alpha rubromycin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is known from the well characterized mammalian DNA polymerase beta that this motif is at the active site of the enzyme . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In mammalian cells , the 5 ' sugar phosphate is removed by the AP lyase activity of DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Estrogenic upregulation of DNA polymerase beta in oocytes of preovulatory ovine follicles . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) transfection was ineffective in conferring resistance to methylmethane sulfonate ( MMS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Nuclear DNA polymerase beta from Leishmania infantum . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Repair synthesis may be carried out by DNA polymerase beta or replicative polymerases delta and epsilon . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
H , 13C and 15N resonance assignments for the perdeuterated 22 kD palm thumb domain of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Direct interaction between mammalian DNA polymerase beta and proliferating cell nuclear antigen . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta is the predominant crosslinked protein observed in the MEF extract . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta was the main target crosslinked by photoreactive BER intermediates in this nuclear extract . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Induction of a low level of microsatellite instability by overexpression of DNA polymerase Beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta activity in the livers of young rats irradiated with gamma rays was 2 fold that in aged rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rapid segmental and subdomain motions of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The proteins were also tested for effect on DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) interaction with DNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta and mammalian base excision repair . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fidelity mechanisms of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of the active site of DNA polymerase beta by molecular dynamics and quantum chemical calculation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A DNA polymerase beta mutant from colon cancer cells induces mutations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Evidence of finely tuned expression of DNA polymerase beta in vivo using transgenic mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A new ursane triterpene from Monochaetum vulcanicum that inhibits DNA polymerase beta lyase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
New neolignans that inhibit DNA polymerase beta lyase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Critical role of magnesium ions in DNA polymerase beta ' s closing and active site assembly . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using human DNA polymerase beta , deoxyoxanosine triphosphate is only incorporated opposite cytosine ( Cyt ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Marine sesquiterpenoids that inhibit the lyase activity of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In silico evidence for DNA polymerase beta ' s substrate induced conformational change . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A novel nuclear protein , MGC 5306 interacts with DNA polymerase beta and has a potential role in cellular phenotype . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The XRCC 1 , DNA polymerase beta and delta proteins were also elevated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Myristinin A , a naturally occurring DNA polymerase beta inhibitor and potent DNA damaging agent . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All the compounds were assayed for their ability to inhibit human DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prostate cancer associated I260M variant of DNA polymerase beta is a sequence specific mutator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Measurements with human DNA polymerase beta were used as a `` positive control ' ' . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Structure and mechanism of DNA polymerase Beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Comparison with two new structures of DNA polymerase beta lacking the 3 ' OH or catalytic Mg2+ is described . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Escherichia coli polB gene encodes DNA polymerase 2 and is regulated by the SOS system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The polB gene encodes DNA polymerase 2 in Escherichia coli . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Escherichia coli polB locus is identical to dinA , the structural gene for DNA polymerase 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we have investigated the role of DNA polymerase 2 ( Pol 2 ) ( polB gene product ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The DNA polymerase activity detected in mouse sperm nuclei has numerous properties of low molecular weight DNA polymerases ( DNA polymerase beta ) reported in several eukaryotic organisms . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The overall ratio between activites of DNA polymerase beta ( 3 . 1S ) and DNA polymerase alpha ( 5 . 5S ) remains fairly constant throughout infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It exhibits anomalous gel filtration behaviour on Sepharose 6B and it binds relatively weakly to DNA cellulose compared with DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Duck DNA polymerase beta , Escherichia coli DNA polymerase 1 , and avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase were not inhibited by phosphonoacetate . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Based on the elution pattern of these enzyme activities from DEAE cellulose and phosphocellulose columns in Tris HCl buffer , pH 8 . 0 , the apparent basicities of the enzymes can be arranged as follows : cytoplasmic ( C ) poly ( A ) polymerase greater than ( C ) DNA polymerase beta greater than ( C ) DNA polymerase alpha and nuclear ( N ) poly ( A ) polymerase greater than ( N ) DNA polymerase greater than ( N ) RNA polymerase 1 greater than ( N ) RNA polymerase 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The specific requirements with respect to bivalent cations and template primers for DNA polymerase alpha , DNA polymerase beta and DNA polymerase gamma , as well as for the reverse transcriptase , are reported . ^^^ Sedimentation velocity measurements of the purified enzymes gave values of 150000 , 40000 , 100000 and 70000 daltons for DNA polymerase alpha DNA polymerase beta , DNA polymerase gamma and the reverse transcriptase respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Antiserum directed against DNA polymerase A inhibits this enzyme but does not interfere with activity of DNA polymerase B or of mitochondrial DNA polymerase , nor does it precipitate the latter two enzymes . 2 . ^^^ Whereas DNA polymerase A is devoid of nuclease activity , DNA polymerase B catalyses an exonucleolytic release of mononucleotide units from the 3 ' end of polynucleotides . ^^^ The results of several experiments suggest that this nuclease activity is associated with the DNA polymerase B molecule . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Eukaryotic DNA dependent DNA polymerase beta , prokaryotic DNA dependent DNA polymerase 1 , several other nucleic acid polymerases and some completely unrelated enzymes are not affected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The reaction of DNA polymerase alpha was shown to be more sensitive to the inhibition than that of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ The K 1 value of DNA polymerase beta for araATP was 45 micrometer ; 15 times higher than that of DNA polymerase alpha ( 3 micrometer ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Additive effects of bleomycin and neocarzinostatin on degradation of DNA , inhibition of DNA polymerase beta , and cell growth . ^^^ The DNA polymerase beta is inhibited by BLM ( at higher concentrations ) and by NCS in a competitive way with respect to DNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Novikoff hepatoma DNA polymerase beta sediments as a 7 . 3S form in crude extracts but during purification sediments as a 4 . 1S form ( after diethylaminoethyl Sephadex chromatography ) or as a 3 . 3S form ( after DNA cellulose chromatography ) . ^^^ It is responsible for converting the 3 . 3S enzyme to the 4 . 1S form since the 3 . 3S homogeneous DNA polymerase beta sediments at 4 . 1 S in the presence of factor 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA synthesis in vitro was inhibited 38 % by 20 microgram of phosphonoacetic acid per ml , which is several fold higher than the inhibition obtained with purified DNA polymerase beta or gamma , but was similar to the degree of inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase gamma activity was also detected in the complexes , but DNA polymerase beta was not associated with the complexes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The HSV induced DNA dependent DNA polymerase was 39 fold more sensitive to ara ATP than was cellular DNA polymerase beta and 116 fold more sensitive than cellular DNA polymerase alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
N Ethylmaleimide ( 10 mM ) and iodoacetamide ( 1 . 5 mM ) inhibited DNA polymerase alpha activity completely , whereas only 35 40 % inhibition was observed for DNA polymerase beta under similar conditions . ^^^ DNA polymerase alpha activity was reduced 50 70 % in N 18 cells that had been induced to differentiate by 4 micro M bromodeoxyuridine , and the low molecular weight DNA polymerase beta activity remain unchanged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Concanavalin A and ricin specifically inhibited DNA polymerase alpha activity ( activity reduced to 19 % and 10 % , respectively ) , whereas DNA polymerase beta activity was inhibited ( reduced to 16 % ) by red kidney bean agglutinin ( PHA P ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
UV irradiation of neuronal nuclei from 60 day old rats resulted in a 7 to 10 fold stimulation of DNA repair synthesis attributable to DNA polymerase beta which , at this developmental stage , is virtually the only DNA polymerase present in the nuclei . ^^^ Based on these results and on the wealth of literature on DNA polymerase alpha , we conclude that DNA polymerase alpha is mainly responsible for DNA replication in nuclei , DNA polymerase beta is involved in nuclear DNA repair , and DNA polymerase gamma is the mitochondrial replicating enzyme . ^^^ However , minor roles for DNA polymerase alpha in DNA repair or for DNA polymerase beta in DNA replication can not be excluded . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The reaction of DNA polymerase alpha was shown to be more sensitive to the inhibition by araCTP than that of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ The Ki value of DNA polymerase beta for araCTP was 32 micron ; eight times higher than that of DNA polymerase alpha ( 4 micron ) for this inhibition . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activity levels of DNA polymerase alpha and DNA polymerase beta have been measured in mouse spermatogenic cells separated by sedimentation velocity . ^^^ A comparison of activity levels in fraction C from prepuberal and sexually mature mice revealed an increase in DNA polymerase alpha activity and a decrease in the activity of DNA polymerase beta in the cells from the 17 day old animals . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA synthesis in isolated nuclei and DNA polymerase alpha activity were very sensitive to araCTP whereas DNA polymerase beta was almost totally resistant to the inhibitor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Under the same conditions , DNA polymerase beta is more accurate , the error rate being 1 / 20 , 000 to 1 / 60 , 000 . ^^^ This greater accuracy of DNA polymerase beta is observed with a variety of homopolymer templates . ^^^ The greater accuracy of DNA polymerase beta over DNA polymerase alpha should be considered in relationship to their possible roles in DNA replication and repair . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Novel properties of DNA polymerase beta with poly ( rA ) . oligo ( dT ) template primer . ^^^ Purified DNA polymerase beta of calf thymus can utilize poly ( rA ) . oligo ( dT ) as efficiently as poly ( dA ) . oligo ( dT ) or activated DNA as a template primer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The size of the population of poly ( dT ) chains synthesized by DNA polymerase beta increased slowly and consistently during incubation up to at least 30 min . ^^^ Comparison of product number per enzyme molecule suggests that DNA polymerase beta acts on multiple primers in a distributive fashion while DNA polymerase gamma completes poly ( dT ) chains of large size in a one by one fashion . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The activity of DNA polymerase beta is not altered if the animals are treated with DES or with DES and progersterone ; however , the basic level of the enzyme in senescent animals in 50 % lower than in immature or in mature animals . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Steady state kinetics of mouse DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta from mouse myeloma has been purified to near homogeneity , and its properties have been examined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta from brain neurons is a repair enzyme . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta was isolated from rat cortex neurons and characterised . ^^^ In view of the similarity of the neuronal DNA polymerase beta with all other mammalian beta polymerases it may be speculated that the ability to perform repair DNA synthesis is not unique to the neuronal enzyme but is a general function of all beta polymerases . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
From purified mitochondria we have purified a DNA polymerase that behaves like DNA polymerase B on chromatographic and template specificity criteria . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Unique requirements for template primers of DNA polymerase beta from rat ascites hepatoma AH 130 cells . ^^^ The optimal condition for the rat DNA polymerase beta activity with ( rA ) n . ( dT ) 12 18 as a template primer was determined . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta requires higher primer concentration ( Km = 11 . 1 microM with respect to 3 ' OH of the primer ) than DNA polymerase gamma ( Km = 0 . 04 microM ) or oncornaviral DNA polymerase ( Km = 0 . 08 microM ) and the enzyme represented the maximum activity in the base ratio of 2 : 1 with ( dT ) 12 18 and ( rA ) n suggesting the difference in reaction mechanisms of these enzymes . ^^^ Under the optimized conditions , the specific activity of the near homogeneous preparation of DNA polymerase beta was 1 , 000 , 000 units per mg protein . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Total activity of DNA polymerase extracted by salt from chromatin is similar for dividing and quiescent young cells but the proportion of DNA polymerase beta is higher in the latter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta activity increases slightly between 7 and 14 days of incubation ; it then decreases slowly until seven days after hatching and remains constant thereafter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
More than half of the DNA polymerase beta in mouse ascites cell chromatin was found to be associated with monomeric nucleosomal particles ( produced by micrococcal nuclease treatment of chromatin ) . ^^^ The nucleosome associated enzyme was mainly DNA polymerase beta in chromatin from resting and mainly DNA polymerase alpha in chromatin from concanavalin A stimulated lymphocytes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The DNA polymerase beta sedimented at 3 . 4 S , constituted 5 % of total DNA polymerase activity , and was resistant to N ethylmaleimide and high ionic strength . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta from the nuclear fraction of sea urchin embryos : characterization of the purified enzyme . ^^^ Approximately 2 , 500 fold purifications of DNA polymerase beta from the nuclear fraction of blastulae of the sea urchin , Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus , was performed . ^^^ The above results indicate that the enzyme corresponds to DNA polymerase beta from vertebrate cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No low mol . wt ( 45 , 000 daltons ) DNA polymerase beta activity was detected . ^^^ Nuclear protein layered on 5 20 % sucrose gradients also showed an absence of low mol . wt DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase B is also most active with activated DNA , but will use denatured DNA and synthetic DNA templates . ^^^ DNA polymerase B is completely inactive in the presence of 100 micron heparin , which has no effect on DNA polymerase A activity . ^^^ Heparin dissociates DNA polymerase B into subunits that are still catalytically active , but which heparin inhibited . ^^^ DNA polymerase B possesses deoxyribonuclease activity that is inhibited by 5 micron heparin , suggesting that the deoxyribonuclease is an integral part of the DNA polymerase moiety . ^^^ DNA polymerase C is similar to DNA polymerase B in all these properties , though it is more active with RNA primers and has greater heat sensitivity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Removal of all measurable DNA polymerase alpha and 20 % of DNA polymerase beta leads to a 40 % fall in the replicative DNA synthesis . ^^^ Removal of 70 % of DNA polymerase beta inhibits replicative synthesis by 80 % . ^^^ The former nuclei lack DNA polymerase alpha and the reaction reflects the sensitivity of DNA polymerase beta to inhibiton by N ethylmaleimide and aCTP . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The gradient analysis performed on fractions enriched in meiotic and post meiotic cells revealed the presence of DNA polymerase beta only . ^^^ A quantitative analysis showed that the activity of the DNA polymerase beta reaches a maximum at middle late pachytene stage and then drops gradually during spermiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Purification and properties of DNA polymerase beta from guinea pig liver . ^^^ The DNA polymerase beta lacks detectable exonuclease or endonuclease activity , has an alkaline pH optimum and has a requirement for all four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates , a divalent cation and a primer template for maximal activity . ^^^ Guinea pig liver DNA polymerase beta is remarkably similar to the rat Novikoff hepatoma beta polymerase with respect to its isoelectric point of 8 . 4 and its molecular weight of 32 000 as determined by sucrose gradient centrifugation under high or low salt conditions or sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study demonstrates that araTTP inhibits both isolated DNA polymerases alpha and the DNA polymerase beta from L5178y cells competitively with respect to the analogous substrate dTTP . ^^^ The affinity of araTTP is higher to the DNA polymerase alpha than to the DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phylogeny of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Analyses of various organisms for DNA polymerase beta activity show that the enzyme is widely distributed in cells from multicellular animals but absent in bacteria , plants , and protozoa . ^^^ These results suggest that DNA polymerase beta may have evolved with the development of metazoan forms . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While DNA polymerase alpha activity declines gradually , firmly bound DNA polymerase beta activity in the nuclei drops abruptly after the cells finish DNA synthesis and dividing . ^^^ The amount of a low molecular weight DNA polymerase extractable with the cytoplasmic fraction , possibly DNA polymerase beta , is low in erythroblasts , increases in the more mature erythroid population and then declines to an undectable level in the fully mature erythrocytes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 490 quinone , a natural sulfhydryl arylating reagent from the mushroom , Agaricus bisporus , markedly inhibited L 1210 murine leukemia DNA polymerase alpha while resulting in little inhibition of DNA polymerase beta from this source . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the presence of single stranded template the protein stimulates mammalian DNA polymerase alpha but not the mammalian DNA polymerase beta and not some microbial DNA polymerases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This latter component contained DNA polymerase beta as characterized by DEAE cellulose chromatography and sedimentation studies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Elongation of the endogenous primer sequence in D loop mitochondrial DNA by human DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Whe incubated in the presence of Mn2+ as the divalent metal activator , highly purified human DNA polymerase beta performs a selective and limited replication of KB cell closed circular mtDNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Apart from two exceptions found with lower organisms , the nuclear DNA polymerase activity was always higher under conditions which favoured the in vitro expression of DNA polymerase beta rather than DNA polymerase alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
After aqueous subcellular fractionation and removal of the nuclear membranes , three species of DNA dependent DNA polymerases were characterized : 1 ) a DNA polymerase beta in the nuclei . 2 ) a DNA polymerase alpha in the cytosol which was not dissociated at high salt concentrations ; and 3 ) an intermediate form in the cytosol and in the Triton wash containing the nuclear membranes . ^^^ The latter form behaved like DNA polymerase alpha et low salt concentration but was dissociated at high salt concentrations to a low molecular weight species with properties like DNA polymerase beta ( resistance to inhibition by N ethylmaleimide , heparin and KCL ) . ^^^ In vitro reassociation experiments suggest that this intermediate form corresponds to the association of DNA polymerase beta with a membrane component or cytoplasmic protein ( s ) which appear ( s ) in regenerating rat liver . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These assay conditions permit a clear distinction between the gamma polymerase and DNA polymerase beta which is markedly inhibited by phosphate at this concentration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In comparison , the DNA polymerase beta which was purified from normal rat liver nuclear fraction , was much less sensitive to inhibition by MPC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The DNA polymerase beta is also increased in correspondence to the peak in DNA synthesis rate , but reaches its maximum at later times , between the eighth and tenth day of incubation . ^^^ The capacity of stimulated lymphocytes to perform repair synthesis following UV damage was measured in the same cells used for the enzyme activity determinations ; this capacity also shows two maxima : a first one correlated with the peak in DNA replication rate , and a second one correlated with the peak of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In conditions where viability of separated cell parts is high and recovery is quantitative , we find greater than 85 % of total DNA polymerase alpha ( and DNA polymerase beta ) activity in the nucleated cell fragments ( karyoplasts ) , from which we conclude that the location in vivo of DNA polymerase alpha is either nuclear or perinuclear . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All T and B cells had DNA polymerase gamma , DNA polymerase beta , and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase both in the soluble ( the latter 2 enzymes only in small amounts ) and chromatin fraction , whereas DNA polymerase alpha was found only in the soluble fraction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase alpha represented 70 % and DNA polymerase beta represented 30 % of the recovered activity from the nuclear extract . ^^^ This activity has been shown to represent DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A study was made of the repair of ionizing radiation induced DNA single strand breaks ( SSB ) in proliferating and quiescent mouse Swiss 3T6 cells and in those stimulated from the quiet status by epidermal growth factor in combination with insulin , in the presence of specific inhibitors of DNA polymerase alpha and delta ( aphidicolin ) and DNA polymerase beta ( 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxythymidine 5 ' triphosphate ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activity of DNA polymerase beta remained at the activity of day 7 during androgen administration and was almost the same as that in the sham operated group on day 21 . ^^^ These results indicate that in young rats activities of epididymal DNA polymerase alpha and gamma and DNA topoisomerase 1 are partially , and that of DNA polymerase beta wholly , dependent on androgens and may provide a means of investigating the regulation of epididymal cell proliferation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the basis of this finding we hypothesized that uracil , derived either from oxidative deamination of cytosine or misincorporation of dUMP in place of dTMP during DNA repair by the unique nuclear DNA polymerase present in adult neurons , DNA polymerase beta , might accumulate in neuronal DNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During glial development the activity of all enzymes tested , except DNA polymerase beta , markedly decreased , suggesting their coordinate regulation in respect to the proliferative state of the cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During this period , an increase in DNA polymerase beta activity and new induction of DNA polymerase alpha activity were observed by phosphocellulose column chromatography . ^^^ From these observations , it is concluded that : ( 1 ) repeated injections of BLM cause DNA injury in lung cells ; ( 2 ) there is a subsequent increase in the DNA repair function as supported by the finding of an increase in DNA polymerase beta activity ; and ( 3 ) these lead further to cell proliferation as supported by the increase in both DNA polymerase alpha activity and DNA content . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both compounds are incorporated into DNA chains during catalysis by reverse transcriptases of human immunodeficiency ( HIV ) and avian myeloblastosis ( AMV ) viruses , DNA polymerase beta from rat liver , terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase from calf thymus and ( at a very low rate ) is by E . coli DNA polymerase 1 , Klenow fragment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Structure function analysis of DNA polymerase beta using monoclonal antibodies : identification of a putative nucleotide binding domain . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta was purified from Novikoff hepatoma and used as an antigen in an in vitro immunization system to produce monoclonal antibodies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The values of Ki were determined to be 18 . 7 microM for DNA polymerase beta and 15 . 8 + / 0 . 8 microM for DNA polymerase gamma . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Involvement of DNA polymerase beta in proliferation of rat liver induced by lead nitrate or partial hepatectomy . ^^^ We have studied the expression pattern of DNA polymerase beta in two different models of in vivo cell proliferation . ^^^ Both mRNA levels and enzyme activity of DNA polymerase beta markedly increased before and / or during DNA synthesis in proliferating hepatocytes in mitogen treated and partially hepatectomized rats . ^^^ The time courses of the expression of the gene coding for DNA polymerase beta were significantly different in the two cell systems . ^^^ A 5 fold increase in DNA polymerase beta mRNA was observed 8 h after lead nitrate administration , i . e . well before the onset of DNA synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The requirement for Pol 1 was satisfied by alleles of the gene for Pol 1 encoding polymerase activity or by rat DNA polymerase beta ( which exhibits polymerase activity only ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibition was observed for DNA polymerase alpha but not for DNA polymerase beta or gamma from various eukaryotic species , nor did it inhibit DNA polymerase 1 from E . coli . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two regions in human DNA polymerase beta mRNA suppress translation in Escherichia coli . ^^^ Although human DNA polymerase beta ( DNA pol beta ) shows 96 % identity with rat DNA pol beta at the amino acid level , it is weakly expressed in Escherichia ( E . ) coli relative to the rat enzyme . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mammalian DNA polymerase beta : characterization of a 16 kDa transdomain fragment containing the nucleic acid binding activities of the native enzyme . ^^^ The 39 kDa DNA polymerase beta ( beta Pol ) molecule can be readily converted into two constituent domains by mild proteolysis ; these domains are represented in an 8 kDa N terminal fragment and a 31 kDa C terminal fragment [ Kumar et al . ( 1990a ) J . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The templates were replicated by Taq DNA polymerase , recombinant rat DNA polymerase beta and mouse DNA polymerase alpha primase complex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , the reversal of this resistance is associated with down regulation of dTMP synthase , DNA polymerase beta , topoisomerase 1 and hMTII A , genes previously linked to DNA synthesis and repair . ^^^ Thus these studies further implicate the role of the c fos gene in DNA synthesis through modulation of expression of dTMP syntase , DNA polymerase beta and topoisomerase 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta mutations in human colorectal cancer . ^^^ To test this hypothesis , the entire coding region of DNA polymerase beta , a repair enzyme , mRNA from colorectal tumors , and corresponding normal mucosa were amplified by polymerase chain reaction , cloned , and sequenced . ^^^ Mutations in the catalytic domain of DNA polymerase beta were detected in colorectal tumor specimens compared to the normal colorectal mucosa , placenta , and blood samples . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase A , a high molecular mass enzyme , and DNA polymerase B , a beta like DNA polymerase were compared to each other and to their mammalian counterparts regarding pH optimum , utilization of templates , and response to various inhibitors and ionic strengths . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of the mouse DNA polymerase beta gene promoter by adenovirus type 12 E1A proteins . ^^^ A plasmid carrying the 5 ' flanking region ( 1852 to +33 with respect to the transcription initiation site ) of the mouse DNA polymerase beta gene fused with the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( CAT ) gene was cotransfected into mouse N18TG2 cells with adenovirus type 12 E 1 genes expressing plasmids . ^^^ Both the 13S E1A and the 12S E1A activated the DNA polymerase beta gene promoter , indicating that the activation domain of E1A is in a common region ( s ) of 13S and 12S E1A products . ^^^ The major target sequence of E1A was mapped within the 10 base pair region ( 30 to 20 ) of the DNA polymerase beta gene promoter , which overlapped with the palindromic sequence known as the ATF ( CREB ) / E4F binding consensus . ^^^ The results suggest that the palindromic sequence is essential for E1A induced transcriptional activation of the mouse DNA polymerase beta gene . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta and poly ( ADP ) ribose polymerase mRNAs are differentially expressed during the development of male germinal cells . ^^^ We have examined the steady state mRNA levels in spermatogenic cells of two nuclear enzymes that appear to be involved in DNA repair , DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) and poly ( ADP ) ribose polymerase ( PADPRP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Experiments with enzyme inhibitors in mammalian cell extracts suggest that the repair replication step is catalyzed by DNA polymerase beta . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hypersensitivity to CDDP was associated with decreased activity of DNA polymerase beta ( 3 . 5 fold , P less than . 01 ) , but unaltered glutathione metabolism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase alpha activity with respect to DNA content revealed alpha cyclic change with the highest level on proestrus , while DNA polymerase beta activity showed no significant changes during the estrous cycle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase B from wheat embryos : a plant delta like DNA polymerase . ^^^ Previous work from this laboratory provided preliminary evidence of an association between DNA polymerase B from wheat embryo and an exonucleolytic activity . ^^^ In this paper , we present additional data on the biochemical properties of DNA polymerase B . ^^^ Moreover , this exonuclease confers a proofreading function to DNA polymerase B . ^^^ Comparison of DNA polymerase B properties ( template specificity , sensitivity to DNA replication inhibitors like aphidicolin and butyl phenyl dGTP , copurification of DNA polymerase and exonuclease activities ) with those of animal DNA polymerase delta indicates that these enzymes share many common features . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Replication of the ors plasmids was not inhibited by ddTTP , an inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta and gamma , and was sensitive to aphidicolin indicating that DNA polymerase alpha and / or delta was responsible for DNA synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Morphological alterations were accompanied by significant changes in pharmacological sensitivity in both c fos and fosRb transfected cells . pMAMneo fosRb transfectants revealed decreased c fos gene expression , concomitant with reduced thymidylate ( dTMP ) synthase , DNA polymerase beta , topoisomerase 1 , and metallothionein IIA mRNAs . ^^^ These studies establish a role for c fos in drug resistance and in mediating DNA synthesis and repair processes by modulating expression of genes such as dTMP synthase , DNA polymerase beta , and topoisomerase 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Changes in the expression pattern of the DNA polymerase beta gene during inhibition of spermatogenesis by busulphan and by temperature ( artificial cryptorchidism ) have been studied . ^^^ Involvement of DNA polymerase beta in meiotic recombination is discussed . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase beta is resistant to inhibition by BD 40 and slightly sensitive to that by BD 84 . ( 3 ) BD 84 is more inhibitory than BD 40 in DNA syntheses by various DNA polymerases except in those by DNA polymerase alpha and terminal deoxyneuclotidyltransferase to which both compounds are similarly inhibitory . ( 4 ) Kinetic analyses revealed that the observed inhibitions are due to competition between the drug or the drug bound template . primer and the free template . primer for the same binding site of the enzyme . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have shown that DNA polymerase beta , the only nuclear DNA polymerase present in adult neurons , can not discriminate between dTTP and dUTP , having the same Km for both substrates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The inhibition by baicalein of reverse transcriptase is highly specific , whereas quercetin and quercetagetin were also strong inhibitors of DNA polymerase beta and DNA polymerase 1 , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Deregulation of DNA polymerase beta by sense and antisense RNA expression in mouse 3T3 cells alters cell growth . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) and its mRNA are maintained at constitutive levels during the cell cycle and during stages of cell growth in culture . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reverse transcriptase of avian myeloblastosis virus , DNA polymerase beta of rat liver , terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase of calf thymus and E . coli DNA polymerase 1 , Klenow fragment , were shown to be capable to incorporate a nucleotide residue with fluorescent label into 3 ' terminus of oligonucleotide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cl F ara ATP was not a potent inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta , DNA polymerase gamma , or DNA primase . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Peplomycin induced , single strand breaks in pUC 18 DNA was repaired by incubating with a priming factor ( an exonuclease purified from mouse ascites sarcoma cells ) , DNA polymerase beta , four deoxynucleoside triphosphates , T 4 DNA ligase and ATP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analyses using selective inhibitors for DNA polymerases showed that both DNA polymerase Beta and aphidicolin sensitive DNA polymerases ( DNA polymerase alpha and / or delta ) were involved in the repair DNA synthesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reverse transcriptases of HIV and avian myeloblastosis virus , rat liver DNA polymerase beta , calf thymus terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and E . coli DNA polymerase 1 KF incorporated both compounds into the growing DNA chain , KF being the least effective . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mammalian DNA polymerase beta can substitute for DNA polymerase 1 during DNA replication in Escherichia coli . ^^^ Mammalian DNA polymerase beta is the smallest known eukaryotic polymerase and is expressed as an active protein in Escherichia coli harboring a plasmid containing its cDNA . ^^^ Since some catalytic functions of DNA polymerase beta and E . coli DNA polymerase 1 are similar , we wished to determine if DNA polymerase beta could substitute for DNA polymerase 1 in bacteria . ^^^ We found that the expression of mammalian DNA polymerase beta in E . coli restored growth in a DNA polymerase 1 defective bacterial mutant . ^^^ Sucrose density gradient analysis revealed that DNA polymerase beta complements the replication defect in the mutant by increasing the rate of joining of Okazaki fragments . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Induction of DNA polymerase beta during proliferation of mitogen stimulated human lymphocytes . ^^^ On induction of proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by phytohemagglutinin treatment , DNA polymerase beta activity increases markedly before and during DNA replication . ^^^ The increase of enzymatic activity seems to be well correlated with the increase of DNA polymerase beta mRNA , which is induced by enhanced expression of the DNA polymerase beta gene . ^^^ These data suggest that DNA polymerase beta is involved in DNA repair , which is linked to replicative DNA synthesis , or directly in replicative DNA synthesis in normal proliferating cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Like mammalian DNA polymerase beta the protozoan enzyme is of low molecular weight ( 40 , 000 ) , has a broad pH range , and is resistant to inhibition by N ethylmaleimide and aphidicolin . ^^^ It is unlike mammalian DNA polymerase beta in utilization of various templates and response to various inhibitors and sensitivity to high ionic strength , but similar to a beta like enzyme from a related organism Crithidia fasciculata . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retardation of DNA synthesis during tumor growth correlated with a decrease in TK , RR and DNA polymerase alpha activities , while DNA polymerase beta activity was markedly increased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The gene for the mammalian DNA repair enzyme DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) is constitutively expressed in most cells , but is regulated in a tissue specific fashion and can be induced in response to some types of DNA damaging agents . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Organization of mouse DNA polymerase beta gene silencer elements and identification of the silencer binding factor ( s ) . ^^^ Different portions of the 5 ' upstream region of the mouse DNA polymerase beta gene were combined with bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( CAT ) gene of the CAT vector . ^^^ A protein factor ( s ) that specifically bound to the silencer elements was detected in nuclear extracts of NIH / 3T3 cells and mouse liver in which DNA polymerase beta was expressed at a rather low level . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Another P . berghei DNA polymerase was isolated that showed characteristics of a DNA polymerase beta like enzyme , but which differed from host DNA polymerase beta in its insensitivity to dideoxynucleotides . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA repair synthesis induced by methyl methanesulfonate in preconditioned HeLa cells in which DNA replicative synthesis had been highly suppressed was inhibited by aphidicolin ( an inhibitor of DNA polymerases alpha and delta ) and dideoxythymidine ( ddThR , an inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Differential expression of poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase and DNA polymerase beta in rat tissues . ^^^ The activities of two DNA repair related enzymes , poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase and DNA polymerase beta , and their mRNA levels were measured in 17 tissues of Wistar rats . ^^^ A less satisfactory correlation could be evidenced for DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ The almost parallel amounts of the mRNAs for poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase and DNA polymerase beta in the tissues examined suggest a possible coexpression of the genes coding for these enzymes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Differential utilization of 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxyguanosine 5 ' triphosphate as a substrate for various DNA polymerases . 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxyguanosine 5 ' triphosphate ( ddGTP ) was found to be an efficient substrate for DNA polymerase beta when activated DNA was used as the template . primer . ^^^ Some of the kinetic properties of DNA polymerase beta revealed toward ddGTP are also described . ^^^ Since DNA polymerase beta plays a role in DNA repair , the present results predict possible appearance of cytotoxicity or clinical side effect ( s ) of 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxyguanosine ( ddG ) , known as a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus , when ddG is administered to the patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) or AIDS related complex . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mapping of the gene for DNA polymerase beta to mouse chromosome 8 . ^^^ We conducted Southern blot analysis of DNAs from mouse 10 hamster somatic cell hybrids and progeny of an interspecies backcross to localize the mouse gene for DNA polymerase beta ( Polb ) to the centromeric end of Chromosome 8 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No elevation in any of the following transcripts was observed : thymidylate synthase , dihydrofolate reductase , DNA polymerase alpha , DNA polymerase beta , topoisomerase 2 , Ha ras , beta tubulin , metallothionein and the DNA repair genes ERCC 1 and ERCC 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The modified nucleotide 9 ( 2 deoxy 5 O triphospho beta D ribofuranosyl ) N 6 , N 6 ethano 2 , 6 diaminopurine ( 6edDTP ) was prepared by total chemical synthesis and was found to be incorporated into DNA duplexes in the place of 2 ' deoxyguanosine 5 ' O triphosphate by the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase 1 , T 4 and T 7 DNA polymerases , avian myeloma virus reverse transcriptase , and rat DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta , dideoxythimidine 5 ' triphosphate , does not inhibit mismatch specific DNA synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The catalytic and physical properties of Novikoff hepatoma DNA polymerase beta were found to be similar under both in vitro and in situ conditions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These peptides share sequence similarity with a region in DNA polymerase beta that has been implicated in the binding of DNA template . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Aspartic acid residues at positions 190 and 192 of rat DNA polymerase beta are involved in primer binding . ^^^ The sequence Gly Asp Met Asp , spanning positions 189 192 of rat DNA polymerase beta , is similar to the sequence motif Gly Asp Thr Asp that is highly conserved in a number of replicative DNA polymerases from eukaryotic cells , viruses , and phages . ^^^ The role of this sequence in the catalytic function of rat DNA polymerase beta was investigated by individually changing each amino acid in this region by site directed mutagenesis . ^^^ Since neither DE 190 nor DE 192 had any significant alteration in secondary structure , our results suggest that both Asp 190 and Asp 192 are located in the active site and are involved in the interaction of DNA polymerase beta with primer . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inactivation of DNA polymerase beta by in vitro phosphorylation with protein kinase C . ^^^ The Mr = 38 , 300 polypeptide of the purified recombinant rat DNA polymerase beta served as an excellent substrate for protein kinase C ( PKC ) in vitro but not for the catalytic subunit of cAMP dependent protein kinase . ^^^ The phosphorylation by PKC resulted in inactivation of DNA polymerase beta activity , and recovery was achieved by dephosphorylation with alkaline phosphatase . ^^^ Since the phosphorylated DNA polymerase beta was retained with use of a single stranded DNA cellulose column , inactivation might occur at a site different from that for the DNA binding . ^^^ Amino acid sequence analysis of the phosphopeptides revealed that the phosphorylated sites were 2 serine residues at positions 44 and 55 from the NH 2 terminus , either or both of which might be involved in the catalytic activity of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The amino acid analysis showed a striking similarity with the animal low molecular weight DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ The latter observation , as well as the effect of inhibitors ( except N ethylmaleimide which does not inhibit the animal polymerase ) indicate that the DNA polymerase described in this work is a plant DNA polymerase very similar to the low molecular weight animal DNA polymerase beta , an enzyme believed to be involved in nuclear DNA repair . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of a putative promoter region of the human poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase gene : structural similarity to that of the DNA polymerase beta gene . ^^^ The 5 ' flanking region of poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase gene also showed promoter activity in chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay and structural similarity to that of DNA polymerase beta gene . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Levels of mRNA for DNA polymerase beta and for the human DNA repair gene ERCC 1 were not elevated in resistant cells , either under basal conditions or 18 hr after a 1 hr exposure to IC 20 concentrations of DDP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mismatch specific thymine DNA glycosylase and DNA polymerase beta mediate the correction of G . ^^^ We further show , using a specific antibody and inhibitors , that the single nucleotide gap , created upon processing of the AP site , is filled in by DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This inefficient repair in the oocyte may be due to the rapid packaging of foreign DNA into a minichromosome and / or to a very low level of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Dideoxythymidine also inhibited DNA repair synthesis but failed to block the excision , suggesting that polymerization by DNA polymerase beta might precede removal of damaged DNA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Striking similarity of the distribution patterns of the poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase and DNA polymerase beta among various mouse organs . ^^^ Striking similarity was observed between the patterns of organ distribution of enzymatic activities of poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase and DNA polymerase beta in various mouse organs . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects of aphidicolin , NEM , ddTTP , BuPdGTP , and DMSO on the enzyme activity showed that the purified enzyme was DNA polymerase alpha , but not DNA polymerase beta , gamma , or delta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , drug resistant tumor cells from PK and another patient ( HG ) displayed enhanced expression of dTMP synthase , c fos and DNA polymerase beta when compared to normal colon tissue and the HCT 8 human colon carcinoma cell line . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The inhibitors could be divided into three groups : ( a ) the diphosphoryl derivatives of acyclic nucleotide analogues ( PME type and HPMPA ) and ACV TP specifically inhibit HSV 1 DNA polymerase and DNA polymerase alpha and do not significantly inhibit DNA polymerase beta ; ( b ) AZT TP and ddTTP are effective only against DNA polymerase beta , and ( c ) araCTP inhibits all three enzymes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase alpha is sensitive to lower concentrations of suramin [ concentration to achieve 50 % inhibition ( IC 50 ) of 8 microM ] than is DNA polymerase delta ( IC 50 36 microM ) , whereas DNA polymerase beta is relatively insensitive to the drug ( IC 50 of 90 microM ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is also possible to find these three motifs in monomeric DNA dependent RNA polymerases and two of them in DNA polymerase beta and DNA terminal transferases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Site directed mutagenesis of recombinant rat DNA polymerase beta : involvement of arginine 183 in primer recognition . ^^^ By site directed mutagenesis using synthetic oligonucleotides , amino acid residues 181Phe Arg Arg 183 of recombinant rat DNA polymerase beta were replaced by other amino acids to clarify the roles of these residues in the DNA synthesizing reaction . ^^^ Therefore , it is concluded that Arg 183 occupies an important part of the primer recognition site of DNA polymerase beta . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Identification and properties of the catalytic domain of mammalian DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Rat DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) is a 39 kDa protein organized in two tightly folded domains , 8 kDa N terminal and 31 kDa C terminal domains , connected by a short protease sensitive region . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the contrary , the recovery of nuclear DNA polymerase beta activity bound to the matrix fraction is independent of the temperature at which the preincubation is performed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rat DNA polymerase beta gene can join in excision repair of Escherichia coli . ^^^ Though DNA polymerase 1 ( poll ) of Escherichia ( E . ) coli is understood to play a role in repair synthesis of excision repair , it is still obscure whether DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) plays a similar role in eukaryotic cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Changes in the DNA polymerase beta gene expression during development of lung , brain , and testis suggest an involvement of the enzyme in DNA recombination . ^^^ Changes in the expression pattern of DNA polymerase beta gene during rat lung , brain , and testis development have been investigated . ^^^ The changes in the expression pattern during lung and brain development , and during spermatogenesis , suggest involvement of DNA polymerase beta in gap filling DNA synthesis during recombination . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Evidence which could support this hypothesis exists : 1 ) DNA polymerase beta , the only nuclear DNA polymerase present in adult neurons which is able to repair damaged DNA , incorporates dUTP or dTTP with the same efficiency . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Several cis acting transcriptional silencer elements that are dispersed over a long ( more than 1 kb ) region upstream of the mouse DNA polymerase beta gene repress transcription not only of this gene but also of heterologous promoter enhancers of other genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The degree of the inhibition varied depending on the combination of the flavonoid and the enzyme species : baicalein was moderately inhibitory to DNA polymerase gamma and E . coli DNA polymerase 1 ; quercetin was strongly inhibitory to DNA polymerase beta and E . coli RNA polymerase and moderately inhibitory to DNA polymerase 1 ; quercetagetin was a potent inhibitor for all of DNA polymerases alpha , beta , gamma , and 1 and RNA polymerase ; myricetin was a strong inhibitor of DNA polymerases alpha and 1 and RNA polymerase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , studies of the level of expression of anionic glutathione transferase and DNA polymerase B failed to show any relationship between the RNA transcript levels of these enzymes and responsiveness to chemotherapy . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These G 1 and G 2 dependent anticlastogenic effects were not observed in the presence of 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxythymidine , an inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Based on these results , the anticlastogenic effect of vanillin was considered to be due to the promotion of the DNA rejoining process in which DNA polymerase beta acts . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The core promoter for human DNA polymerase beta contains discrete binding sites for mammalian nuclear proteins , as revealed by DNasel footprinting and gel mobility shift assays . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The reduction in the level of DNA polymerase beta after heat treatment however , correlated with the TER obtained for various leukemic cells . ^^^ Furthermore , the inactivation of DNA polymerase beta activity results in a higher amount of heat radiosensitization . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since this behavior of DNA ligase 2 is consistent with that of m rec and DNA polymerase beta , both of which have been shown to be involved in DNA recombination in meiotic cells , DNA ligase 2 might be an enzyme which works at the final step of meiotic recombination reaction . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Electrofocusing analysis of DNA polymerase beta in hypophysectomized rat testis . ^^^ Isoelectric focusing studies indicated that three peaks of DNA polymerase beta ( beta enzyme ) activity were focused at isoelectric point of 7 . 1 , 8 . 2 and 9 . 1 in testes of sham operated rats , whereas in testes of hypophysectomized rats only two peaks of the beta enzyme activity appeared at pH 7 . 1 and 9 . 1 and the peak at pH 8 . 2 was reconstituted by the treatment of gonadotropins and testosterone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of DNA polymerase activity in the liver nuclei have demonstrated that this increase is connected with activation of DNA polymerase beta . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Repair of 10 ray induced single strand breaks in pUC 19 plasmid DNA was demonstrated by agarose gel electrophoresis after incubating the damaged DNA with the exonuclease , DNA polymerase ( Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase 1 or DNA polymerase beta purified from SR C3H / He cells ) , four deoxynucleoside triphosphates , ATP and DNA ligase ( T 4 DNA ligase or DNA ligase 1 purified from calf thymus ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Studies of the domain structure of mammalian DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Characterization of the domain structure of DNA polymerase beta is reported . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The purified HTLV 3 RT was inhibited by a partially thiolated polycytidylic acid ( 5 mercaptopolycytidylic acid ) ; the cellular DNA polymerase beta from H 9 cells was not sensitive to 5 mercaptopolycytidylic acid . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibitor studies suggested that DNA polymerase alpha plays a preferential role in repair label in the intranucleosomal region of nuclear chromatin and DNA polymerase beta in the completion of repair patches in bleomycin pretreated permeable cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Isolated deprimerones not only inhibit DNA transcription , RNA translation in reconstituted cell free systems , but also DNA replication by DNA polymerase beta with single and double stranded DNA template and synthetic deoxyribonucleotide polymers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The resistant polymerases are : E . coli DNA polymerase 1 , Klenow ' s fragment of DNA polymerase 1 , phage T 4 DNA polymerase , calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha , rat liver DNA polymerase beta and calf thymus terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Properties of 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxy 2 ' , 3 ' dehydrothymidine 5 ' triphosphate in terminating DNA synthesis catalyzed by several different DNA polymerases . 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxy 2 ' , 3 ' dehydrothymidine 5 ' triphosphate ( dddTTP ) shows termination substrate properties in the DNA synthesis catalyzed by E . coli DNA polymerase 1 KF , rat liver DNA polymerase beta , reverse transcriptases of avian myeloblastosis virus and Raus sarcoma virus and calf thymus terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta is partially affected by N3dTTP ( ID 50 = 31 microM ) and by the other analogues ( ID 50 = 1 2 . 2 microM ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reverse transcriptase from avian myeloblastosis virus catalyzed termination of DNA synthesis by 3 ' azido 3 ' fluoro and 3 ' amino 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxythymidine 5 ' ( alpha thio ) triphosphates , whereas rat liver DNA polymerase beta and E . coli DNA polymerase 1 ( Klenow ' s fragment ) utilized only the second and the third compounds , and calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha failed to utilize any of the substrates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using selective inhibitors of DNA polymerases , it was shown that the DNA polymerase involved in the bleomycin induced DNA synthesis was DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ In addition to DNA polymerase beta , an exonuclease which converts bleomycin damaged DNA into suitable template primers for repair DNA synthesis appeared to be present in the permeable cell extract . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Km and Ki values obtained with activated calf thymus DNA as the primer template were 2 . 4 and 230 microM , respectively , for DNA polymerase alpha and 6 . 0 and 73 microM , respectively , for DNA polymerase beta . 3 ' Azido 3 ' deoxythymidine triphosphate could also serve as an alternate substrate for HIV reverse transcriptase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recovery of p 66 catalytic activity was approximately 10 % that of DNA polymerase beta , and the density of the autoradiographic band corresponding to p 66 was linear with enzyme concentration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The one nucleotide gap limited by 3 ' OH and 5 ' phosphate ends is then closed by DNA polymerase beta and DNA ligase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of DNA polymerase beta mRNA : cell cycle and growth response in cultured human cells . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( beta polymerase ) is a housekeeping enzyme involved in DNA repair in vertebrate cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A protein factor having exonucleolytic activity on bleomycin damaged DNA and providing priming sites for DNA polymerases existed in a DNA polymerase beta fraction partially purified by ion exchange chromatography from an extract of permeable mouse ascites sarcoma ( SR C3H / He ) cells . ^^^ The exonuclease was separated from DNA polymerase beta by single stranded DNA cellulose chromatography , and partially characterized . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is demonstrated here that rat liver DNA polymerase beta catalyzes the pyrophosphorolysis reaction with pyrophosphate ( PPi ) and its analogues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A system for repair of this bleomycin damaged DNA was constructed with a priming factor , DNA polymerase ( DNA polymerase beta or Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase 1 ) , ATP , T 4 DNA ligase and four deoxynucleoside triphosphates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Studies using selective inhibitors of DNA synthesis showed that aphidicolin sensitive DNA polymerase ( DNA polymerase alpha and / or delta ) and DNA polymerase beta were involved in the repair process . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have repaired DNA containing AP sites with an AP endonuclease ( E . coli endonuclease 4 or the chromatin AP endonuclease from rat liver ) , a DNA polymerase devoid of 5 ' 3 ' exonuclease activity ( Klenow polymerase or rat liver DNA polymerase beta ) and a DNA ligase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This coupling , defined as `` repair modification , ' ' is essentially functioning during the S phase , because the DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) is active during the whole cell cycle , whereas the DNA methylase ( met ) is active in S and appears to be repressed or inactive during the major part of G 1 and during the phases G 2 and M . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bleomycin induced DNA repair synthesis in the permeabilized HeLa cells was sensitive to aphidicolin , an inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha and delta , and to dideoxythymidine triphosphate ( ddTTP ) , a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the basis of these data and the relative sensitivity of bleomycin induced repair synthesis to N 2 ( p n butylphenyl ) 2 ' deoxyguanosine 5 ' triphosphate ( BuPdGTP ) , 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxythymidine 5 ' triphosphate ( ddTTP ) , and N ethylmaleimide ( NEM ) , long patch repair is attributed to DNA polymerase delta and short patch repair to DNA polymerase beta . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Azidothymidine triphosphate acted as an efficient inhibitor of cellular DNA polymerase gamma , whereas other enzymes of eucaryotic DNA metabolism , namely , DNA polymerase alpha primase and DNA polymerase beta , were not inhibited . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have investigated the ability of some nucleoside 5 ' triphosphate analogues to terminate the DNA synthesis catalyzed by calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase , rat liver DNA polymerase beta , E . coli DNA polymerase 1 ( Klenow ' s fragment ) and AMV reverse transcriptase . ^^^ It has been shown that lyxoanhydronucleoside 5 ' triphosphates terminate DNA synthesis catalyzed by reverse transcriptase and terminal deoxynucleotydil transferase . 2 ' , 3 ' O Isopropylidenecytidine 5 ' triphosphate inhibits the DNA synthesis catalyzed by reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase beta and its moiety was incorporated in the place of dTMP residue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Optimal conditions for polymerization reaction catalyzed on poly ( dA ) and poly ( dT ) templates by DNA polymerases from thermoacidophilic archaebacteria DNA polymerase A from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and DNA polymerase B from Thermoplasma acidophilum have been established . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Active site modification of mammalian DNA polymerase beta with pyridoxal 5 ' phosphate : mechanism of inhibition and identification of lysine 71 in the deoxynucleoside triphosphate binding pocket . ^^^ Pyridoxal 5 ' phosphate is a potent inhibitor of the DNA polymerase activity of recombinant rat DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Paradoxical effect of Simian virus 40 enhancer on the function of mouse DNA polymerase beta gene promoter . ^^^ Simian virus ( SV ) 40 enhancer ( nucleotide position 108 to 294 ) was combined with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( CAT ) plasmid whose expression is under control of mouse DNA polymerase beta gene promoter . ^^^ Although the SV 40 enhancer stimulated the transient CAT expression directed by the DNA polymerase beta gene promoter two to three fold in human HeLa cells , it repressed the CAT expression by 50 to 60 % in mouse NIH / 3T3 cells . ^^^ In mouse immature T cell line RV 1 in which the SV 40 promoter enhancer did not function , no effect of the SV 40 enhancer sequence on the DNA polymerase beta promoter directed CAT expression was observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Dual cis acting negative regulatory elements located upstream of the mouse DNA polymerase beta gene . ^^^ A 2 , 200 base pair ( bp ) fragment containing the 5 ' flanking region of the mouse DNA polymerase beta gene was placed adjacent to and upstream of the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase ( CAT ) coding region of the CAT vector . ^^^ A transient expression assay of CAT activity in mouse NIH / 3T3 cells transfected with this recombinant plasmid or a set of its 5 ' deletion derivatives was carried out to identify a cis acting regulatory element ( s ) for DNA polymerase beta gene expression . ^^^ We also mapped the promoter element of the DNA polymerase beta gene to within a 133 bp DNA fragment from nucleotide position 100 to +33 . ^^^ Either the NRE 1 region or the NRE 2 region alone can inhibit DNA polymerase beta gene promoter function . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Repression of polyoma virus DNA replication by 5 ' flanking region of mouse DNA polymerase beta gene containing transcriptional silencer elements . ^^^ Dual cis acting silencer elements are located upstream of the mouse DNA polymerase beta gene ( Yamaguchi , M . , Hayashi , Y . , and Matsukage , A . ( 1989 ) J . ^^^ When the 5 ' flanking regions of the DNA polymerase beta gene containing silencer elements were placed at the late gene border of alpha element , they effectively repressed the DNA replication . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is suggested that the fast recovery of ss in the 12 15 day old chick embryo is due to an efficient DNA repair system for which DNA polymerase beta is important . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , HIV reverse transcriptase , like host cellular DNA polymerase beta ( a repair enzyme ) and gamma ( a mitochondrial enzyme ) , is much more susceptible to the inhibitory effects of the dideoxynucleotides . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We measured the insertion fidelity of DNA polymerases alpha and beta and yeast DNA polymerase 1 at a template site that was previously observed to yield a high frequency of T G transversions when copied by DNA polymerase beta but not by the other two polymerases . ^^^ The results provide direct biochemical evidence that base substitution errors by DNA polymerase beta can result from a dislocation mechanism governed by DNA template primer misalignment . ^^^ In contrast to DNA polymerase beta , neither Drosophila DNA polymerase alpha nor yeast DNA polymerase 1 appear to misinsert nucleotides by a dislocation mechanism in either the genetic or kinetic fidelity assays . ^^^ Dislocation errors by DNA polymerase beta are characterized primarily by a substantial reduction in the apparent Km for inserting a `` correct , ' ' but ultimately errant , nucleotide compared to the apparent Km governing direct misinsertion . ^^^ For synthesis by DNA polymerase beta , dislocation results in a 35 fold increase in dCMP incorporation opposite template T ( T G transversion ) and a 20 35 fold increase in dTMP incorporation opposite T ( T A transversion ) ; these results are consistent with parallel genetic fidelity measurements . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta ( beta polymerase ) appears to have a synthetic role in DNA repair after certain types of DNA damage . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In confluent BHK 21 fibroblasts , basal levels of both DNA glycosylases , DNA polymerase beta , and parental DNA sedimented to the 20 % / 40 % sucrose border . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A kinetic study of rat recombinant DNA polymerase beta : detection of a slow ( hysteretic ) transition in polymerase activity and inhibition by butylphenyl deoxyguanosine triphosphate . ^^^ We have identified and characterized a distinct non linearity in the time course of the reaction of mammalian DNA polymerase beta with synthetic polynucleotides . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Levels and size complexity of DNA polymerase beta mRNA in rat regenerating liver and other organs . ^^^ A cDNA probe encoding DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) was used to study the level and size complexity of beta pol mRNA in regenerating rat liver and other rat tissues . ^^^ The observed changes in the level of beta pol mRNA in regenerating rat liver and in developing brain are correlated with reported changes in DNA polymerase beta activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A decreased activity of DNA polymerase beta and increased activity of RNA polymerase 1 in this chromatin fraction with aging were observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The stimulation of DNA repair synthesis in thymus cells caused by novobiocin with the aid of DNA polymerase beta could be compensated by hyperthermia . ^^^ The results suggest a special importance of DNA topology and of the DNA polymerase beta activity for the cellular effect of hyperthermia . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , at physiological ionic strength , it appears that either DNA polymerase beta or extramitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma might aid in short patch DNA repair of nuclear ( or transfecting ) DNAs , whereas mitochondrial gamma polymerase might fill small gaps in mitochondrial DNA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mouse DNA polymerase beta gene promoter : fine mapping and involvement of Sp 1 like mouse transcription factor in its function . ^^^ The promoter of mouse DNA polymerase beta gene was analyzed by combining 5 ' upstream region of this gene with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( CAT ) gene and by introduction of the recombinant plasmid DNA into mouse NIH / 3T3 cells . ^^^ The DNA polymerase beta promoter directed CAT expression was competitively inhibited by the simultaneous transfection of plasmid DNA containing SV 40 early promoter sequence . ^^^ The viral sequences which are competitive to the GC box of DNA polymerase beta gene promoter were the GC boxes of SV 40 promoter . ^^^ Therefore , it is concluded that transcription of mouse DNA polymerase beta gene is regulated by mouse trans acting factors equivalent to human Sp 1 which is known to be trans acting protein factor acting on SV 40 GC box sequences . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Structure of rat DNA polymerase beta revealed by partial amino acid sequencing and cDNA cloning . ^^^ A cDNA library of newborn rat brain poly ( A ) + RNA in phage lambda gt 11 was screened with a polyclonal antibody against chicken DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , the activity of DNA polymerase beta decreased by 43 % at 5 days ( P less than 0 . 01 ) and by 47 % at 7 days ( P less than 0 . 001 ) . ^^^ The amount of mRNA for DNA polymerase beta decreased in parallel with enzyme activity . ^^^ Since the sensitivity to heat inactivation of testicular DNA polymerase beta was exactly the same as that from liver , the decrease in DNA polymerase beta activity may be , at least in part , due to reduced biosynthesis of enzyme protein . ^^^ The morphological changes in cryptorchid testes suggested that the decrease in DNA polymerase beta and gamma activities might be related to the deleterious effects of elevated temperature on spermatogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Difference in the expression level of DNA polymerase beta among mouse tissues : high expression in the pachytene spermatocyte . ^^^ The expression level of DNA polymerase beta was determined in various mouse tissues . ^^^ Northern blot hybridization analysis using rat cDNA as a probe revealed that the mRNA of about 1 . 5 kb for this enzyme is present in all kinds of tissues examined , but its content widely varies among tissues ; the most abundant DNA polymerase beta mRNA was present in the testis , which was followed by brain , thymus , and spleen . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta activities in these tissues were closely correlated with the mRNA content , indicating that the expression of this enzyme is mainly regulated by the level of the mRNA . ^^^ A survey of DNA polymerase beta mRNA levels in the testes at successive postnatal developmental stages and in isolated spermatogenic cells indicated that DNA polymerase beta mRNA was most abundant in spermatocytes at early pachytene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MAP 2 also stimulated DNA polymerase alpha activity solubilized from nuclei , but not DNA polymerase beta activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The frequency of single base substitutions during copying of phi X 174 DNA by DNA polymerase beta is increased by , at most , 3 fold upon the addition of terminal transferase . ^^^ However , terminal transferase is highly mutagenic , either alone or with DNA polymerase beta , in a forward mutation assay using M13mp2 DNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using 3 independent assays we find that terminal transferase produces only a small increase in base substitution mutagenesis when assayed in the presence of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ We conclude that the majority of the scattered single base changes that occur during antibody gene differentiation are not catalyzed by terminal transferase , but instead result from another error prone DNA synthetic process ( possibly utilizing DNA polymerase beta ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results obtained were as follows : The activity of DNA polymerase alpha , which is responsible for DNA replication , has remained almost unchanged by any of the PG derivatives tested ( 77 87 % ) , whereas the activity of DNA polymerase beta ( repair enzyme ) was found to dramatically decrease to 13 to 20 % of that of the nontreated control cells by treatment with any of these PG derivatives . ^^^ The results indicate that ( a ) these PG derivatives inhibit , either directly or indirectly , the synthesis of DNA polymerase beta in the KBIII cell , and ( b ) DNA polymerase beta may also participate in DNA replication other than DNA repair . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The data show that the alpha DNA polymerases of either viral or cellular origin are required for viral DNA synthesis , and can not be substituted by the cellular DNA polymerase beta and gamma . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase alpha was more sensitive to inhibition by gold compounds than DNA polymerase beta ; ( 2 ) Inhibition of purified DNA polymerases by gold ( 1 ) compounds was noncompetitive with both DNA template and triphosphate substrates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These include single stranded DNA binding proteins , topoisomerases 1 and 2 , DNA polymerase alpha , a protein that binds Ap4A and might be classified as a DNA polymerase alpha accessory protein , RNase H , DNA polymerase beta , DNA ligase , an endo and an exonuclease of unknown function , DNA methyl transferase and poly ( ADPR ) synthase . ^^^ The few enzymes identified comprise uracil DNA glycosylase , DNA polymerase beta , DNA polymerase alpha ( which in neurons is present only at immature stages ) , DNA ligase , poly ( ADPR ) synthase , and O 6 alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Assignment of the gene for human DNA polymerase beta ( POLB ) to chromosome 8 . ^^^ A cloned cDNA segment of 442 bp which contains the region coding the N terminal sequence of rat DNA polymerase beta polypeptide was used as a probe in Southern hybridization analysis to identify the gene for this enzyme . ^^^ This probe hybridized with DNA from mouse and human in addition to rat DNA , and the BamHI fragment containing DNA polymerase beta gene sequence was unique in size in each species : 15 . 8 kb for rat DNA , 8 . 7 kb for mouse DNA and 10 . 1 kb for human DNA . ^^^ The results indicate that the gene for the human DNA polymerase beta sequence ( POLB ) is located on chromosome 8 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There was no inhibition of DNA polymerase beta or uracil DNA glycosylase activities in cells exposed to 50 microM mercuric acetate for 90 min . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When DNA polymerase beta activity was inhibited , cells with normal lipoprotein uptake exhibited [ 3H ] thymidine incorporation into BPDE damaged DNA but did not show an increase in DNA strand length . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of active rat DNA polymerase beta in Escherichia coli . ^^^ A recombinant plasmid for expression of rat DNA polymerase beta was constructed in a plasmid / phage chimeric vector , pUC 118 , by an oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis technique . ^^^ The insert contained a 1005 bp coding sequence for the whole rat DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ The recombinant plasmid was designed to use the regulatory sequence of Escherichia coli lac operon and the initiation ATG codon for beta galactosidase as those for DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ The DNA polymerase was purified to homogeneity from the IPTG induced JMp beta 5 cells by fewer steps than the procedure for purification of DNA polymerase beta from animal cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
F dATP was able to completely substitute for dATP using DNA polymerase alpha and gamma , but not with DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Based on these results , possible mechanisms underlying sister chromatid exchange formation in plants are discussed with special emphasis on the absence of DNA polymerase beta in somatic tissues . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Administration of ovine FSH ( 2 micrograms / day ) or oestradiol 17 beta ( 1 mg / day ) to hypophysectomized rats enhanced ovarian DNA content and DNA polymerase alpha activity , whereas DNA polymerase beta activity did not change significantly . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During this same interval , delayed heat sensitization also was observed for loss of DNA polymerase beta activity ( from 20 % in cells heated without DFMO treatment to 7 % in heated DFMO treated cells ) , but none was observed for DNA polymerase alpha activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IFN gamma inhibited the reaction of DNA polymerase alpha more strongly ( Ki , 1 . 2 10 10 ( 4 ) units / ml ) than IFN alpha , but not that of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ovine FSH ( 2 20 micrograms / mL ) significantly enhanced the DNA polymerase alpha activity in the follicles perfused for 180 300 minutes , whereas the DNA polymerase beta activity and DNA concentration showed no significant changes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It was shown that both DNA polymerases alpha and DNA polymerase beta were involved in the repair of damages induced by MNU and only DNA polymerase beta was involved in repair of damages induced by BCNU . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA repair synthesis in mouse spermatogenesis involves DNA polymerase beta activity . ^^^ The role of DNA polymerase alpha DNA primase complex and DNA polymerase beta in DNA replication and ultraviolet induced DNA repair synthesis has been analyzed in mouse spermatogenesis . ^^^ Autoradiographic experiments with germ cells in culture , indicating an involvement of DNA polymerase alpha and / or delta in DNA replication , and of DNA polymerase beta in DNA repair synthesis , have been confirmed by studying partially purified enzymes . ^^^ These findings support the idea that , different from other biological systems , in meiotic and post meiotic male mouse germ cells DNA polymerase beta is the main DNA polymerase form needed for DNA repair . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta and uracil DNA glycosylase were unchanged after differentiation , DNA polymerase alpha and DNA methylase decreased roughly threefold , and total apurinic apyrimidinic endonuclease activity increased roughly threefold after treatment . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fidelity of DNA polymerase beta in neurons from young and very aged mice . ^^^ The predominant catalytic activity is DNA polymerase beta and it is present in similar amounts in neurons from young and old mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , the reduction in the activity of DNA polymerase beta was determined after the same heat treatments . ^^^ The thermal enhancement ratios for cell killing , calculated on the 10 % survival level for the various experimental conditions , showed a clear cut correlation with the activity of DNA polymerase beta measured by the end of the various heat treatments . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Among three DNA polymerases , the level of DNA polymerase beta activity well correlated with the histological findings ( Johnsen ' s score ) , i . e . , the extent of differentiation of germinal cells . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta activity appeared to be the lowest in the patients whose sperm density was less than 5 10 10 ( 6 ) / ml . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) is a housekeeping enzyme considered to be involved in DNA repair in vertebrate cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta in human thyroid of Graves ' disease and thyroid tumors . ^^^ We have shown that the level of DNA polymerase beta of rat adrenal cortex is regulated by pituitary trophic hormones and may correlate with their endocrine function . ^^^ Here we measured DNA polymerase beta activity in human thyroid tissues of various benign and malignant thyroid disorders in order to verify the correlation between DNA polymerase beta activity and endocrine function . ^^^ In Graves ' disease ( hyperfunction ) , the level of DNA polymerase beta per cell was three times higher than in normal thyroid , while in undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas this enzyme level was lower than normal . ^^^ Furthermore , DNA polymerase beta in the crude extracts of cancer cells showed larger molecular forms , ranging from five to 12S , upon sucrose gradient sedimentation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta activity showed no significant change during the menstrual cycle or after estrogen and progesterone treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using various templates , it was shown that the increase in activity of DNA polymerase alpha correlated with the percentage of cells in S phase upon the different stimulation , while DNA polymerase beta activity after various times of stimulation showed that this activity increased only when cells began to enter S phase , regardless of the combination of growth factor and hormones . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The resulting gap was filled with DNA polymerase beta prepared from rat liver and finally ligated by Escherichia coli DNA ligase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Misincorporation opposite template BU residues catalyzed by Maloney murine leukemia virus DNA polymerase and DNA polymerase beta ( Novikoff hepatoma ) also increased with pH , but for these two enzymes , there was no apparent dependence on sequence context . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effects of 1 beta D arabinofuranosylcytosine incorporation on elongation of specific DNA sequences by DNA polymerase beta . 1 beta D Arabinofuranosylcytosine ( ara C ) is an effective antileukemic agent which acts as an inhibitor of DNA synthesis . ^^^ The present work has examined the effects of the triphosphate derivative , ara CTP , on purified DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ The results demonstrate that ara C is incorporated into DNA by DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Elevated DNA polymerase beta activity in a cis diamminedichloroplatinum ( 2 ) resistant P 388 murine leukemia cell line . ^^^ The activity of DNA polymerase beta , which is an enzyme involved in repair of DNA damage , was assessed in P 388 murine leukemia cell lines sensitive and resistant to cis diamminedichloroplatinum ( 2 ) ( cis Pt ) . ^^^ The DNA polymerase beta activity was found to be elevated 5 fold in the resistant line based upon activity per mg cell protein and elevated 4 fold based upon activity per 10 ( 7 ) cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chromosome sublocalization of a cDNA for human DNA polymerase beta to 8p11 p 12 . ^^^ We have localized a cDNA fragment that codes for human DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Using somatic cell and in situ hybridization techniques , this cDNA was cloned by screening a human KM 3 cell cDNA library in lambda gt 11 for expression of fused beta galactosidase human DNA polymerase beta proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A new terminator of DNA biosynthesis possible conformation analog of the substrate in a DNA synthesizing complex ] . 2 ' , 3 ' Dideoxy 2 ' , 3 ' dehydrothymidine 5 ' triphosphate ( dddTTP ) reveals the termination substrate properties in the DNA synthesis catalyzed by E . coli polymerase 1 ( Klenow fragment ) , rat liver DNA polymerase beta , calf thymus terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase , and reverse transcriptase of avian myeloblastosis virus but does not affect calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is shown that 3 ' azido and 3 ' amino 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxy ( E ) 5 ( 2 bromovinyl ) uridine 5 ' triphosphates effectively terminate DNA synthesis catalyzed by E . coli DNA polymerase 1 , rat liver DNA polymerase beta , and AMV reverse transcriptase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Genetic relatedness of human DNA polymerase beta and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase . ^^^ The Protein Identification Resource ( PIR ) protein sequence data bank was searched for sequence similarity between known proteins and human DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) or human terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase ( TdT ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chromosomal location of the human gene for DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Inhibition studies indicate that DNA polymerase beta has a synthetic role in DNA repair after exposure of mammalian cells to some types of DNA damaging agents . ^^^ Southern blot analysis of DNA from a panel of human rodent somatic cell hybrids , using portions of the cDNA as probe , indicates that the gene for human DNA polymerase beta is single copy and located on the short arm or proximal long arm of chromosome 8 ( 8pter 8q22 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reduction of DNA polymerase beta activity of CHO cells by single and combined heat treatments . ^^^ The effect of single and combined heat treatments on the activity of DNA polymerase beta was studied in CHO cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase alpha was detected in cells of developing chicken embryos by an immunofluorescent method using a monoclonal antibody specific for the high molecular weight polypeptide of chicken DNA polymerase alpha , and DNA polymerase beta was detected using a rabbit anti chicken DNA polymerase beta antibody . ^^^ In contrast to DNA polymerase alpha , DNA polymerase beta was detected in nuclei of both undifferentiated and differentiated cells of these tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Homology between mammalian DNA polymerase beta and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase . ^^^ Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cDNA and the genomic clones for rat DNA polymerase beta revealed the existence of a 1 , 005 base pair open reading frame capable of encoding a Mr = 38 , 269 polypeptide of 335 amino acid residues . ^^^ The region of 174 amino acid residues between the 42nd and 215th residues of the DNA polymerase beta polypeptide has extensive amino acid sequence homology with the region between the 195th and 366th residues of human terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase . ^^^ The genes for DNA polymerase beta and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase are proposed to be derived from a common ancestral DNA polymerase gene . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Murine DNA polymerase beta gene : mapping of transcription initiation sites and the nucleotide sequence of the putative promoter region . ^^^ The nucleotide sequence of the region ( total , 2 , 512 base pairs [ bp ] ) from intron 2 to the 5 ' flanking region was determined for the mouse DNA polymerase beta genomic clone , and the 300 bp region from intron 1 to the 5 ' flanking region was also sequenced for the rat clone . ^^^ Three major transcription initiation sites ( cap sites ) each for rat and mouse DNA polymerase beta mRNAs were localized precisely by primer extension analysis at 51 , 41 , and 0 bp upstream from the first ATG codon , suggesting that this codon is used for translation initiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the other hand , when aphidicolin , a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha , was used instead of araC , a partial inhibition of the rejoining was observed , and further addition of 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxythymidine , an inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta , augmented the inhibitory effect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , it has been shown that DNA polymerase delta is much more sensitive to inhibition by the nucleotide analogue 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxythymidine 5 ' triphosphate ( ddTTP ) than DNA polymerase alpha but is less sensitive than DNA polymerase beta [ Wahl , A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The stimulating activity of NB and / or NA could be eliminated specifically by the DNA polymerase beta inhibitor 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxythymidine . ^^^ It is suggested that NB ( and NA ) influence DNA topology in a rather cell specific manner , stimulating UDS of T cells by a DNA polymerase beta dependent repair like mechanism . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both DNA polymerases alpha and beta were shown to be involved in repair of DNA damages induced by MNU and only DNA polymerase beta was involved in the repair of damages induced by BCNU . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ability of DNA polymerase beta to synthesize DNA beyond the gap with displacement of the non replicated strand . ^^^ In contrast , in the reaction catalyzed by DNA polymerase beta the amounts of products were several times greater . ^^^ An analysis of the gap filling products by sucrose gradient centrifugation , gel electrophoresis and Southern hybridization showed that , contrary to DNA polymerase alpha , DNA polymerase beta exhibited the ability to synthesize DNA not only within but also beyond the gap . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gossypol also inhibited HeLa DNA polymerase beta in a dose dependent manner , but had no effect on DNA polymerase gamma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase alpha as well as the non replicative DNA polymerase beta , isolated from both sources , were remarkably similar with regard to their sensitivity against HNE , as indicated by the incorporation of radioactive label from [ 3H ] deoxy thymidine triphosphate into DNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In both R3230AC tumor and mammary gland regardless of host ' s lactational status , the majority ( 60 80 % ) of DNA polymerase beta activity was localized in the high salt soluble chromatin . ^^^ A constant localization of nuclear DNA polymerase beta in chromatin in both mammary gland and the tumor suggest it is not important in mammary cell proliferation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta is the least accurate enzyme , producing frameshift errors at an average frequency of one error for each 1 , 000 3 , 000 nucleotides polymerized , a frequency similar to its average base substitution accuracy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Poly ( ADP ribosyl ) ation of DNA polymerase beta in vitro . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta purified from bovine thymus is markedly inhibited when incubated in a reconstituted poly ( ADP ribosyl ) ating reaction system . ^^^ Analyses of the reaction product synthesized in this system by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subsequent fluorography of the gel indicated that ADP ribose is covalently attached to DNA polymerase beta molecule ( Mr = 44 , 000 ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A similar comparison was made between 2 , 5An synthesis and assay results for the activities of DNA polymerase alpha , regarded as the principal DNA replicating enzyme , and DNA polymerase beta , regarded as the DNA repair enzyme . ^^^ Less of a correlation existed with DNA polymerase beta activity ( r = 0 . 600 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The DNA polymerases resembled eucaryotic DNA polymerase beta by several criteria and were functionally indistinguishable from each other . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha , DNA polymerase beta , terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase , and DNA ligase 2 by poly ( ADP ribosyl ) ation reaction in vitro . ^^^ Incubation of DNA polymerase alpha , DNA polymerase beta , terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase , or DNA ligase 2 in a reconstituted poly ( ADP ribosyl ) ating enzyme system markedly suppressed the activity of these enzymes . ^^^ Furthermore , the suppressed activities of DNA polymerase alpha , DNA polymerase beta , and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase were largely restored ( 3 to 4 fold stimulation was observed ) by a mild alkaline treatment , a procedure known to hydrolyze alkaline labile ester linkage between poly ( ADP ribose ) and an acceptor protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For DNA polymerase beta and gamma activities , no obvious correlation with changes in the proliferative state of cells was detected . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They were treated with ( 1 ) aphidicolin , a specific inhibitor of eucaryotic DNA polymerase alpha , ( 2 ) dideoxythymidine ( d2Thd ) , the precursor of dideoxythymidine triphosphate ( d2TTP ) , a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta and ( 3 ) d2TTP itself . ^^^ Thirdly , the onset and progress of DNA endoreduplication in trophoblastic cells is carried out by DNA polymerase alpha during the first part of gestation instead of DNA polymerase beta , as has previously been shown to be the case for mid gestation rat trophoblast cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During oocyte growth , DNA polymerase alpha 1 and alpha 2 increased by more than 100 fold , DNA polymerase beta by 15 fold , and DNA polymerase gamma by only 8 fold . ^^^ The absolute levels of DNA polymerase beta remained constant , and the levels of DNA polymerase gamma increased 2 fold throughout embryogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase alpha was more inhibited than DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Also , the derivative B [ a ] P trans 9 , 10 dihydrodiol was a potent inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha under conditions where DNA polymerase beta was less affected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mutational specificity of DNA polymerase beta during in vitro DNA synthesis . ^^^ The frequency and specificity of mutations produced in vitro by eucaryotic DNA polymerase beta have been determined in a forward mutation assay using a 250 base target sequence in M13mp2 DNA . ^^^ Homogeneous DNA polymerase beta , isolated from four different sources , produces mutations at a frequency of 4 6 % / single round of gap filling DNA synthesis . ^^^ The characteristics of the mutations at these sites suggest that certain base substitution errors result from dislocation of template bases rather than from direct mispair formation by DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A human low density lipoprotein ( LDL ) receptor deficient diploid fibroblast cell line ( GM 1915 ) was determined to be short patch competent ( DNA polymerase beta ) and long patch deficient ( DNA polymerase alpha ) for DNA excision repair . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This treatment reduced the levels of DNA polymerase beta activity to 20 30 % and DNA polymerase alpha activity to 40 50 % of their control activity for both G 1 and S phase . ^^^ The activity of DNA polymerase beta recovered fully during 20 25 hr after heating for both G 1 phase or S phase cells . ^^^ Survival was measured when cells were irradiated ( 4 Gy ) at various times after hyperthermia ( 10 min at 45 . 5 degrees C ) , and for both G 1 and S phase the interaction between heat and 10 rays disappeared by 20 25 hr after heating and the same increase was observed for the recovery of DNA polymerase beta activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Measurement of DNA polymerase beta in skin fibroblast cell lines from patients with ataxia telangiectasia . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta levels were measured in 4 cell lines of normal human skin fibroblasts and in 5 cell lines of skin fibroblasts from patients with ataxia telangiectasia , an autosomal recessive disease exhibiting marked 10 ray sensitivity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results indicate that DNA polymerase beta is more firmly bound with the nuclear matrix in the cells of normal liver but this enzyme is eluted almost completely from the nuclei of regenerating liver cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Deoxy 3 ' fluorothymidinetriphosphate : inhibitor and terminator of DNA synthesis catalysed by DNA polymerase beta , terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and DNA polymerase 1 . 3 ' deoxy 3 ' fluorothymidine 5 ' triphosphate ( dFTTP ) was examined with respect to its capacity to inhibit and to terminate DNA synthesis catalysed by DNA polymerases alpha and beta , terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase ( TdT ) and E . coli DNA polymerase 1 ( Klenow fragment ) . ^^^ In analogy with 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxythymidine 5 ' triphosphate ( ddTTP ) it was found that DNA polymerase beta was much more sensitive to dFTTP inhibition than DNA polymerase alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta from the rat liver . ^^^ A simple and reproducible purification procedure of homogeneous DNA polymerase beta from rat liver is developed , including sedimentation and saline extraction of rat liver chromatin , chromatography of the extract on DEAE cellulose , phosphocellulose , Gel Blue A , and DNA sepharose . ^^^ Incorporation of [ 3H ] TTP into activated DNA catalysed by DNA polymerase beta was strongly inhibited by dNTP ( 3 ' NH2 ) , ddTTP , dNTP ( 3 ' F ) and slightly inhibited by aCTP and aNTP ( 3 ' NH2 ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Finally , HeLa DNA polymerase beta was able to fill the short gaps created after dimer excision , and these patches were sealed by T 4 DNA ligase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of a homogeneous adenosinetriphosphatase that stimulates DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ ATPase 3 is capable of stimulating DNA polymerase beta on duplex DNA , but this effect is abolished in the presence of ATP gamma S . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In these cell lines , levels of DNA polymerase beta , glutathione ( GSH ) , GSH transferase , GSH reductase ( NAD ( P ) H ) , gamma glutamyltransferase did not correlate with radiation parameters of sensitivity . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta and GSH levels were , however , higher than those in a line of normal skin fibroblasts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Referring to the differential sensitivity of DNA polymerases alpha and beta to 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxythymidine triphosphate and to other related information reported previously , the present results suggested that DNA polymerase alpha is playing a major role in replicative DNA synthesis , and DNA polymerase beta in unscheduled DNA synthesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The combined action of DNA polymerase alpha and DNA polymerase beta leads to the synthesis of full length linear DNA strands with phi X 174 DNA templates containing an RNA primer . ^^^ In the second stage , DNA polymerase beta elongates the DNA strand covalently attached to the RNA primer to full length . ^^^ With DNA primers , DNA polymerase alpha catalyzes only limited deoxynucleotide addition whereas DNA polymerase beta alone elongates DNA primed templates to full length . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta can also stimulate the synthesis of adenovirus DNA in vitro in the presence of a cytosol extract from adenovirus infected cells . ^^^ In all of these systems , dNMP incorporation catalyzed by DNA polymerase beta was sensitive to N ethylmaleimide ; however , this polymerase activity was resistant to N ethylmaleimide with poly ( rA ) 10 ( dT ) as the primer template . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the other hand , DNA polymerase beta synthesized long DNA products by a highly distributive reaction mechanism . 3 5 sDNA pieces synthesized by DNA polymerase alpha were not elongated any further by DNA polymerase alpha , but were converted into long DNA chains by DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rat liver DNA polymerase beta : thermal inactivation of RNA and DNA dependent activities . ^^^ Purified DNA polymerase beta from rat liver was exposed to thermal inactivation and the remaining activities were then measured either with a hybrid template such as poly ( A ) . ( dT ) 12 18 ( R activity ) or with a DNA template such as poly ( dA ) . ( dT ) 12 18 ( D activity ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both nucleoside triphosphate analogs inhibited DNA polymerase alpha activity by competing with dATP ; only araATP was inhibitory to DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The sensitivity of repair synthesis , as well as replicative synthesis and purified DNA polymerase beta activity , to inhibition by the DNA polymerase inhibitors dideoxythymidine triphosphate , aphidicolin , cytosine arabinoside triphosphate , and N ethylmaleimide was determined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The bleomycin action on DNA template increases severalfold the rate of synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase beta inhibits the activity of DNA polymerase 1 from Escherichia coli and suppresses severalfold the activity of DNA polymerase alpha and DNA polymerase of bacteriophage T 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Unscheduled , i . e . , repair , DNA synthesis in rat liver nuclei , and in bleomycin treated permeable SR C3H / He and XC cells was mostly attributed to DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Peaks 1 and 2 eluted at 0 . 45 M and 0 . 65 M NaCl , respectively , while the cellular DNA polymerase beta eluted earlier at 0 . 3 M NaCl . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Apurinic sites were excised from phi X 174 RF DNA with two enzymes isolated from rat liver chromatin : an apurinic / apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease and a 5 ' 3 ' exonuclease ; the resulting gap was filled with DNA polymerase beta also prepared from rat liver chromatin and the repair was fully terminated with T 4 ligase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunofluorescent methods using a monoclonal antibody against chick DNA polymerase alpha and a rabbit antibody against chick DNA polymerase beta demonstrated that both DNA polymerases alpha and beta are present mainly in nuclei of cultured chick embryo cells . ^^^ Fluorescence produced by anti DNA polymerase alpha was more intense in the small granules than in other parts of the nucleus but , fluorescence produced by anti DNA polymerase beta was distributed evenly in the nucleus . ^^^ Fluorescence produced by anti DNA polymerase alpha was still detectable in the granules after these treatments , but most of the fluorescence produced by anti DNA polymerase beta disappeared . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Restoration of the primer activity of gamma irradiated DNA by nucleases from rat liver chromatin ] . gamma Irradiation of DNA results in a several fold decrease of its primer activity measured as one substrate synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The DNA polymerase beta reaction with ultraviolet irradiated DNA incised by correndonuclease . ^^^ Incised Col E 1 DNA stimulated no reaction with calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha but was recognized as a template by DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ The length of the DNA polymerase beta product was comparable to the anticipated length of the DNA region within which the hydrogen bonds were disrupted owing to dimer formation . ^^^ The present results testify to the ability of DNA polymerase beta to repair synthesis by the `` patch and cut ' mechanism . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Evidence implying DNA polymerase beta function in excision repair . ^^^ In contrast , damaged native DNA was 6 30 times more extensively replicated by DNA polymerase beta than alpha . ^^^ We propose that this is due to the greater ability of DNA polymerase beta compared with alpha to replicate single stranded gaps , the presence of which is more likely in damaged BU DNA than in T DNA and act . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both anhydro araIC 3 ' acetate and anhydro araIC were potent inhibitors of the activity of DNA polymerase alpha from the L 1210 leukemia at the nucleoside level , while anhydro araC 3 ' acetate and anhydroaraC were non inhibitory ; none of the agents caused inactivation of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Avian retrovirus pp 32 , a DNA endonuclease which is structurally related to the avian retrovirus DNA polymerase beta polypeptide , has been demonstrated to be partially phosphorylated in vivo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For instance , as little as 1 microM BVdUTP inhibited the utilization of dTTP by HSV 1 DNA polymerase 50 % , whereas the same concentration inhibited the DNA polymerase alpha and the DNA polymerase beta activities only 9 % and 3 % , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When various DNA polymerases are compared , inhibition by cGMP seems to be restricted to those enzymes , which are involved in DNA replication , DNA polymerases with an associated nuclease activity are not inhibited , DNA polymerase B from yeast is even activated by cGMP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Coincidence of subnuclear distribution of poly ( ADP ribose ) synthetase and DNA polymerase beta in nuclei of normal and regenerating liver . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , there was a reciprocal relationship between the levels of EBV DNA polymerase and DNA polymerase alpha i . e . , in cell line containing the highest level of EBV DNA polymerase , activity of DNA polymerase alpha , but not of DNA polymerase beta , was reduced to an insignificantly low level . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These small dNA chains are blocked at their 5 ' ends with the 80 kilodalton protein but possess free 3 ' OH ends that are susceptible to degradation by exonuclease 3 and can be elongated to replicative form 2 products with DNA polymerase 1 of Escherichia coli or eukaryotic DNA polymerase beta preparations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Under conditions of nondenaturing microgel electrophoresis , DNA polymerase b aggregates to molecular weight species of 300000 and higher . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 5 ' triphosphate ( BVaraUTP ) competed with dTTP in DNA synthesis by the herpes viral and cellular DNA polymerases ; the apparent Ki values of HSV 1 DNA polymerase , DNA polymerase alpha , and DNA polymerase beta were 0 . 14 , 0 . 32 , and 5 microM , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Regulation of DNA polymerase beta in rat adrenal gland by adrenocorticotropic hormone . ^^^ Analysis of extracts of rat adrenal glands showed that the activity of DNA polymerase beta was preferentially decreased upon hypophysectomy , whereas that of DNA polymerase alpha or gamma stayed relatively constant . ^^^ The large form of DNA polymerase beta was stable in 0 . 1 M KCl or 0 . 5 % Nonidet P 40 but was converted into a 3 . 3S form in 0 . 5 M KCl . ^^^ These changes in adrenal DNA polymerase beta were reversed by the daily injection of adrenocorticotropic hormone but were not reversed by exogenous glucocorticoid . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The EBV DNA polymerase and DNA polymerase beta were less sensitive . ^^^ ACVTP inhibition was competitive with dGTP with Ki values of 0 . 03 , 0 . 15 , 9 . 8 and 11 . 9 microM for HSV 1 DNA polymerase , DNA polymerase alpha , EBV DNA polymerase and DNA polymerase beta , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results suggest that neither HSV induced DNA polymerase nor cellular DNA polymerase alpha was involved in the repair synthesis of viral and cellular DNA but that cellular DNA polymerase beta was . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Differential substrate specificity of DNA polymerase beta and of a DNA polymerase induced by herpes simplex virus type 2 towards thymidine triphosphate analogues . ^^^ Several triphosphates of 5 substituted deoxyuridine ( dU ) , such as 5 ethyl , 5 n propyl , 5 n hexyl and 5 isopropyldeoxyuridine triphosphates and 5 trifluorothymidine triphosphate are substrates for HeLa cell DNA polymerase beta ( 2 ' deoxynucleoside 5 ' triphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) and for a DNA polymerase isolated from HeLa cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 ( HSV 2 ) strain 75 . ^^^ At the concentration tested ( 50 microM ) , all these analogues were incorporated more readily into DNA by the virus coded enzyme than by DNA polymerase beta from the host cell . ^^^ The DNA polymerase coded by HSV 2 showed an affinity for deoxythymidine triphosphate ( dTTP ) and the analogues studied higher than that of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ In contrast , arabinosylthymine 5 ' triphosphate was readily incorporated into DNA by the host cell DNA polymerase beta , but inhibited the DNA polymerase specified by HSV 2 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is shown that 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxy 3 ' aminonucleoside 5 ' triphosphates with adenine , guanine , cytosine and thymine bases are effective inhibitors of DNA polymerase 1 , calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha and rat liver DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Conservation of molecular structure of DNA polymerase beta in vertebrates probed by tryptic peptide mapping . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ' s from mouse myeloma , chick embryo , and cherry salmon testis were all composed of a single polypeptide of about 40K daltons as judged by a sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of extensively purified enzyme preparations . ^^^ All the enzymes tested cross reacted immunologically with the antibody against chick DNA polymerase beta , indicating that they have a common molecular structure , at least in part . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
With a polyclonal , but highly specific , antibody against DNA polymerase beta , this enzyme was also shown to be present in nuclei . ^^^ On the other hand , similar amounts of DNA polymerase beta were detected in proliferating and resting cells . ^^^ Furthermore , DNA polymerase beta was detected in nuclei of most cells , while DNA polymerase alpha was detected only in large round nuclei in seminiferous tubules of chick testis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The activity of DNA polymerase alpha may be more sensitive to both 4 ' epiadriamycin ( Ki , 9 microM ) and THP adriamycin ( Ki , 5 . 5 microM ) than that of DNA polymerase beta ( Ki 30 microM for 4 ' epiadriamycin and 22 microM for THP adriamycin ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since it is known that DNA polymerase beta is more thermally labile than is DNA polymerase alpha , the data are consistent with the hypothesis that DNA polymerase beta might be responsible for endoreduplication as was reported in mouse trophoblast cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta is implicated in this alternate pathway , both by the known specificity of the inhibitors and by evidence from their sensitivity to S 1 nuclease that the patches arise from displacement synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prostaglandin D 2 pretreatment of the cells reduced endogenous DNA polymerase beta activity to 68 % of the control value ; the sedimentation coefficients of the enzymes from treated and untreated cells were both 3 . 5 S . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The content of DNA polymerase beta in whole rat testes drastically decreased upon hypophysectomy : at 1 and 2 weeks , to 12 . 5 % and 5 % of the control testes of sham operated rats , respectively . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta activity per cell ( per milligram DNA ) also decreased to 14 % of the control within 2 weeks after hypophysectomy . ^^^ The testicular DNA polymerase beta from hypophysectomized rats sedimented at 4 . 5 S , whereas that from sham operated controls sedimented at 3 . 3 S . ^^^ The reduced level of testicular DNA polymerase beta and the change in molecular size induced by hypophysectomy were largely reversed by daily injections of LH and FSH . ^^^ These results suggest that the level of DNA polymerase beta in the rat testis depends largely on the level of testosterone produced by Leydig cells in the testis itself , but is also regulated by pituitary gonadotropins . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Considered along with related information reported previously , the present results suggest that both aphidicolin sensitive and insensitive DNA polymerases , DNA polymerase alpha and a non alpha DNA polymerase ( possibly DNA polymerase beta ) , are involved in in situ UDS in these ultraviolet irradiated cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It appears that C . capitata cells represent a rather peculiar system in the phylogeny of DNA polymerases since they are devoid of DNA polymerase beta and present a DNA polymerase alpha partially resistant to aphidicolin . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Stimulation of DNA polymerase beta activity in permeabilized mouse P 815 mast cells after neocarzinostatin treatment . ^^^ The two major DNA polymerase activities ( form alpha and form beta ) were determined in permeabilized cells during the lag phase of growth , after NCS treatment , and an 8 . 5 fold higher DNA polymerase beta activity was observed in NCS treated cells than in controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro DNA polymerase alpha activity was suppressed by fraction 2 , whereas DNA polymerase beta and gamma activities remained unchanged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By using avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase and DNA polymerase beta ( enzymes without a proofreading 3 ' leads to 5 ' exonucleolytic activity ) , substitution of deoxycytidine thiotriphosphate in the reaction mixture did not alter fidelity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , HeLa DNA polymerase beta utilize as primer templates all of the gapped DNA substrates tested though it acted more efficiently with the smaller gaps . ^^^ In the case of the gaps that remained after partial closure by DNA polymerase alpha , DNA polymerase beta incorporated roughly 15 nucleotides and formed a product which was a substrate for DNA ligase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , a majority of the endogenous DNA template sites for DNA polymerase beta ( a presumptive repair enzyme ) were closely associated with the peripheral nuclear lamina . ^^^ Our results also suggest that the sites of nuclear DNA polymerase beta driven DNA synthesis are uniquely sequestered within the characteristic peripheral heterochromatin shell and associated nuclear envelope structure , where they may potentially participate in DNA repair and / or replicative functions . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Escherichia coli DNA polymerase 1 ( Klenow fragment ) , DNA polymerase alpha from both calf thymus and human lymphoma cells and DNA polymerase beta from calf thymus and Novikoff hepatoma cells can incorporate nucleotides opposite N guanin 8 yl acetyl 2 aminofluorene in DNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The concentration required for 50 % inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha was 5 6 10 10 ( 6 ) M , while those for DNA polymerase beta and gamma were several times higher . ^^^ By using DNA polymerase beta as a model , and based on the enzyme and template primer concentration effects and also from the kinetic analysis on PR toxin inhibition , we concluded that two action mechanisms of PR toxin inhibition on in vitro DNA synthesis are operative . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Determinations of the extractable activities of DNA synthesizing enzymes from cefodizime treated Molt 4 cells showed a direct correlation between cell growth and DNA polymerase alpha as well as terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity ; the DNA polymerase beta activity remained unchanged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All the compounds tested showed remarkable inhibitory effects on DNA polymerase alpha , but lesser extent on DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ The inhibitory action of the hydrophobic 5 substituents against DNA polymerase alpha was stronger than against DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results show a positive correlation between cell killing by heat and loss of DNA polymerase beta activity , both when cells were sensitized to heat by treatment at pH 6 . 7 with or without glycerol and when cells were protected from heat by treatment with 5 % glycerol at pH 7 . 4 or 6 . 7 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Determinations of the activities of DNA synthesizing enzymes from bestatin treated Molt 4 cells revealed a direct correlation between the decrease of the surface bound microsomal leucine aminopeptidase activity and the increase of the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and DNA polymerase alpha activity ; the DNA polymerase beta activity remained unchanged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the cloacal gland , testosterone induced an important increase in DNA polymerase alpha while DNA polymerase beta was not found to be altered . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta increased the activity 2 3 fold within a period of 3 months following birth . gamma polymerase underwent more than a 10 fold increase in activity through adjustment of the amount of DNA within the same period . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The specific activity of DNA polymerase beta , the purported repair enzyme , declined to an appreciably lesser extent during the lifespan of the mouse . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The alpha type , DNA polymerase A , was of high molecular weight and sensitive to N ethylmaleimide , whereas the beta type , DNA polymerase B , was of low molecular weight and resistant to N ethylmaleimide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characteristics of the DNA polymerase beta directed unscheduled DNA synthesis in isolated nuclei from adult rat liver . ^^^ Isolated nuclei from adult rat liver have been used as a model system to define several characteristics of the unscheduled DNA synthesis supported by DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Many of these characteristics have been found to reflect some catalytic properties ( pH optimum , divalent cations requirement , dependence on all four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates , apparent Km for dTTP ) as well as sensitivity to various agents ( differential inhibitors of eukaryotic DNA polymerases , phosphate , DNA intercalating drugs , chemical or thermal denaturation ) commonly regarded as typical of DNA polymerase beta itself . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA from T 7 phage containing AP ( apurinic / apyrimidinic ) sites was repaired by the successive actions of three chromatin enzymes [ AP endodeoxyribonuclease , DNAase 4 ( 5 ' 3 ' exodeoxyribonuclease ) and DNA polymerase beta ] prepared from rat liver and T 4 phage DNA ligase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
High mol . wt . peptides are heterogeneous in size and correspond to active fragments of DNA polymerase alpha , whereas low mol . wt . peptides show the same migration rate as purified DNA polymerase beta and are not generated by proteolysis of the high mol . wt . cluster , In the three species of fungi studied , only high mol . wt . peptides are found . ^^^ The same is true in plant cells , where no DNA polymerase beta activity is detectable and the pattern of the high mol . wt . cluster is similar to that observed in E . coli extracts ( which also lack low mol . wt . peptides ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase B , representing less than 10 % of the polymerase activity in homogenates , is similar to DNA polymerase beta from vertebrate cells in that its activity is not inhibited by N ethylmaleimide , aphidicolin , or KCl at a concentration below 200 mM . ^^^ Like DNA polymerase beta , the activity of Dictyostelium DNA polymerase B is sensitive to 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxythymidine 5 ' triphosphate . ^^^ However , it differs from vertebrate DNA polymerase beta in that it chromatographs as an acidic protein and has an apparent molecular weight of 70 , 000 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Aphidicolin , a potent inhibitor of DNA synthesis , selectively inhibited the activity of partially purified DNA polymerase alpha from the nucleus and the cytosol of mastocytoma cells , but did not affect the activity of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Considering the difference in sensitivity of DNA polymerase alpha and beta to aphidicolin , and other related information reported previously , the results are compatible with the idea that DNA polymerase alpha is involved in replicative DNA synthesis and DNA polymerase beta in unscheduled DNA synthesis in the present systems . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Biosynthesis of DNA polymerase beta in chick embryonic cells . ^^^ A monospecific antibody to chick embryo DNA polymerase beta was prepared from a rabbit immunized with the homogeneous enzyme preparation . ^^^ The antibody has high neutralizing ability to the enzyme activity and , in the presence of formalin fixed Staphylococcus aureus , precipitates a Mr = 40 , 000 polypeptide from the crude extract and the partially purified DNA polymerase beta which were prepared from [ 35S ] methionine labeled chick embryonic cells . ^^^ Pulse chase experiments were carried out to clarify the process of the biosynthesis of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ We have attempted to detect a precursor polypeptide which would be expected to have the following properties : 1 ) a polypeptide which is specifically precipitated by the antibody and has a molecular weight different from 40 , 000 , 2 ) the amount of the 35S labeled polypeptide decreases in the chase period , and 3 ) 35S labeled polypeptide which is eliminated from the immunoprecipitate by adding an excess amount of purified unlabeled DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Polymerase A bears many similarities to DNA polymerase alpha of higher eukaryotes and polymerase B also bears similarities to DNA polymerase beta except as regards N ethylmaleimide sensitivity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA with AP sites can be repaired in vitro with enzymes purified from chromatin ; AP endonuclease , 5 ' 3 exonuclease , DNA polymerase beta and ligase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the presence of Mn2+ , DNA polymerase beta produces a product size corresponding to full copying of the template whether irradiated or not . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Aphidicolin specifically inhibits eukaryotic DNA polymerase alpha , while 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxythymidine 5 ' triphosphate ( d2TTP ) inhibits DNA polymerase beta and gamma but not alpha . 1 beta D Arabinofuranosylcytosine 5 ' triphosphate ( araCTP ) inhibits both DNA polymerase alpha and beta although to a different extent . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A novel single stranded DNA binding protein from the Novikoff hepatoma which stimulates DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ This protein is distinguished from other eukaryotic DNA binding proteins by binding weakly , but cooperatively , to single stranded DNA , by its ability to partially destabilize a double helix at 37 degrees C , and by its ability to stimulate DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Excision repair and DNA synthesis with a combination of HeLa DNA polymerase beta and DNase 5 . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta carried out limited strand displacement synthesis from 3 ' hydroxyl nucleotide termini made by HeLa apurinic / apyrimidinic ( AP ) endonuclease 2 at the 5 ' side of apurinic sites . ^^^ Larger patches of DNA synthesis were produced by nick translation from one nucleotide gaps with HeLa DNA polymerase beta and HeLa DNase 5 . ^^^ HeLa DNase 5 also stimulated both the rate and extent of DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase beta from AP endonuclease 2 incisions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of messenger RNA for chick embryo DNA polymerase beta and its translation product in vitro . ^^^ A specific immunoprecipitation method , using rabbit anti ( chick DNA polymerase beta ) IgG was applied to detect the polypeptide of DNA polymerase beta among translation products obtained in vitro with mRNA extracted from chick embryos . ^^^ A polypeptide of Mr = 40 000 was specifically immunoprecipitated from [ 35S ] methionine labeled translation products and was competitive with the purified DNA polymerase beta for the antibody . ^^^ The mRNA for DNA polymerase beta was polyadenylated and its content was estimated as the range of 0 . 001 % of total poly ( A ) rich RNA on the basis of [ 35S ] methionine incorporation in the translation in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Contrary to the replicational DNA polymerase alpha , DNA polymerase beta did not show any affinity to the skeleton . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effect of hyperthermia on isolated DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Hyperthermia has been shown to inhibit the activity of DNA polymerase beta when either the intact Chinese hamster cells or partially purified enzyme samples from CHO cells are heated ( 42 . 2 or 45 . 5 degrees C ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , DNA polymerase beta ( presumptive repair enzyme ) endogenous and exogenous template activities are randomly distributed in the nuclear subfractions through the proliferative response . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IC 50 for DNA polymerase alpha was 10 micrograms / ml and for DNA polymerase beta 100 micrograms / ml at low concentrations of enzyme . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase from basidiocarp tissues at zygotene pachytene stage has been purified 3 , 500 fold and defined as DNA polymerase b by virtue of its insensitivity to N ethylmaleimide and by its low molecular weight ( 76 , 000 ) . ^^^ It is possible that DNA polymerase b is responsible for pachytene repairs involved in recombination . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A protein fraction isolated from the cytosol of adenovirus infected HeLa cells , which contained DNA polymerase alpha , catalyzed adenoviral DNA replication in the presence of adenovirus DNA binding protein , eukaryotic DNA polymerase beta , ATP , all four dNTPs , and MgCl 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Evolutionary conservation of DNA polymerase beta structure . ^^^ An immunological procedure that uses antiserum against homogeneous calf thymus DNA polymerase beta to detect immunoreactive peptides on NaDodSO4 / polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrates a high degree of conservation of protein sequence and molecular weight for this enzyme , from parastic protozoans to man . ^^^ The persistence of sequence and molecular weight for the catalytic peptide of DNA polymerase beta through eons of evolutionary time suggests an essential role for this enzyme in DNA metabolism of complex cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the other hand , a different behaviour between induced and uninduced cultures is observed for the DNA polymerase beta : its activity is constant in uninduced cultures , whereas it changes in induced cultures at various stages of differentiation , dropping to lower values at early times and rising to values similar to those observed in uninduced cultures at later times . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It was found that the rate of elimination of the DNA damage in hepatocytes of 20 month old mice is lower than that of 2 month old mice although the activities of DNA polymerase beta and apurinic endonuclease remain equal in the liver of both senescent and young mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It was found that DNA polymerase beta was highly sensitive inhibition by the irradiated DNA as well as DNA polymerases 1 of E . coli , while DNA polymerase alpha was at least two hundred times more resistant to inhibition than DNA ploymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase alpha from L 1210 cells was equally sensitive to 9 beta D arabinofuranosyl 2 fluoroadenine 5 ' triphosphate and 9 beta D arabinofuranosyladenine 5 ' triphosphate , and DNA polymerase beta from L 1210 cells was much less sensitive to both triphosphates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta involvement in DNA endoreduplication in rat giant trophoblast cells . ^^^ In contrast , N ethylmaleimide and the DNA polymerase beta inhibitors , 50 mM potassium phosphate , and 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxythymidine triphosphate inhibit DNA synthesis in isolated nuclei to a degree identical with that seen with partially purified trophoblast DNA polymerase beta , suggesting that polymerase beta is the major polymerase activity in Day 13 trophoblast nuclei . ^^^ The results suggest that DNA endoreduplication in these nuclei is being carried out by DNA polymerase beta . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta appeared as a single spot on two dimensional gel at the position of 40 , 000 daltons and pI 8 . 0 using non equilibrium pH gradient gel electrophoresis for the first dimensional run . ^^^ By overlapping gel slabs , it was possible to identify the distinct spot of DNA polymerase beta among many polypeptide spots of a crude enzyme fraction . 10S DNA polymerase alpha showed two clusters of polypeptide spots on two dimensional gel slab . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The antibody did not crossreact with rat DNA polymerase alpha , calf DNA polymerase beta , virus DNA polymerase and E . coli DNA polymerase 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mechanism of inorganic phosphate mediated inhibition of calf thymus DNA polymerase beta and Rauscher leukemia virus dna polymerase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , DNA polymerase alpha and DNA polymerase beta activities in the spleen of the EHB tumor bearing hamsters were higher than in the controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the activity and fidelity of chromatin associated hepatic DNA polymerase beta in aging murine species of different life spans . ^^^ Chromatin isolated from livers of mature adults of both species copied efficiently exogenous DNA templates using predominantly DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ The fidelity of poly [ d ( A T ) ] copying catalyzed by DNA polymerase beta dissociated from liver chromatin was comparable to that of the chromatin directed synthesis . ^^^ In all ages of both species examined , the murine liver DNA polymerase beta , both chromatin associated and solubilized , exhibited high error frequencies ; approximately one dGMP was incorporated for every 500 1 , 000 complementary nucleotides polymerized . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Participation of DNA polymerase alpha in the replication of embryonal nuclear DNA and DNA polymerase beta in the synthesis of hepatic nuclear DNA ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Like DNA polymerase beta , it sedimented at 3 . 8S , was resistant to reagents blocking sulfhydryl groups , and was inhibited by phosphate , but it differed from DNA polymerase beta with respect to elution positions from DEAE cellulose , phosphocellulose and DNA cellulose columns , Km value ( lower by one order of magnitude for dTTP ) , and template primer preference . ^^^ Enzyme A was found in the mitochondrial fraction , in which DNA polymerase beta was not detectable . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The HBV associated DNA polymerase met in many respects the characteristics of the repair enzyme of the host : the DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ The HBV associated DNA polymerase differs also from most DNA polymerase beta in its sensitivity ot ddTTP and its optimal pH . ^^^ The fact that DNA polymerase beta of different origin vary considerably in their response to chemical agents and that the DNA polymerase beta from human liver has not been studied allows no definite conclusion as to the nature of the Dane particle associated DNA polymerase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , aphidicolin , a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha , did not inhibit the poly ( rA ) . oligo ( dT ) dependent activity . 2 ' , 3 ' DideoxyTTP , a potent inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta or gamma , slightly inhibited the reactions with poly ( rA ) . oligo ( dT ) , while it did not inhibit the reactions with activated DNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta also prefers the activated DNA as a template primer but shows a sedimentation coefficient of 3 . 0 S . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta is present at 0 . 3 3 % of total cellular activity and its specific activity does not correlate with cellular growth rate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These and binding data suggest that DNA polymerase beta , the putative repair enzyme , is highly resistant to carcinogen damage . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Net DNA synthesis catalysed by calf thymus DNA polymerase beta . 1 . ^^^ The amounts of the corresponding DNA polymerase beta products were several times higher . ^^^ The DNA polymerase beta reaction on this template was continued till substrate exhaustion . 2 . ^^^ The reaction of DNA polymerase beta with activated DNA , leading to net DNA synthesis , was template directed , required Mg2+ and four deoxynucleoside triphosphates ; was not inhibited by DNA polymerase alpha inhibitors , but was sensitive to 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxythymidine triphosphate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Persistent cytoplasmic location of a DNA polymerase beta in sea urchins during development . ^^^ A subcellular localization study of a low molecular weight DNA polymerase beta indicates that this enzyme , as well as a high molecular weight DNA polymerase alpha , is found in large quantities in the cytoplasm of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus eggs . ^^^ At blastula stage , a period of rapid cell proliferation , similar studies of DNA polymerase subcellular localization using two different methods of nuclear isolation indicate that the DNA polymerase beta remains largely cytoplasmic while the alpha enzyme is found to be predominantly nuclear . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase alpha was more sensitive to both drugs than DNA polymerase beta with all the template primers tested . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chick embryo DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ The molecular weight of DNA polymerase beta is about 40 , 000 as judged by gel filtration on Sephadex G 150 column . ^^^ The fingerprint analysis of tryptic peptides of polypeptide shows that 14 out of 24 125I peptides from the Mr = 40 , 000 polypeptide are the same as those of the Mr = 40 , 000 polypeptide of DNA polymerase beta purified from rat ascites hepatoma cells . ^^^ Thus , it is concluded that chick embryo DNA polymerase beta consists of a single polypeptide of Mr = 40 , 000 . ^^^ The minimal number of DNA polymerase beta molecules per chick embryo cell was estimated as about 5 , 000 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , L dTTP did not inhibit DNA polymerases alpha and was slightly inhibitory to DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Crystal structure of rat DNA polymerase beta : evidence for a common polymerase mechanism . ^^^ Structures of the 31 kilodalton catalytic domain of rat DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) and the whole 39 kilodalton enzyme were determined at 2 . 3 and 3 . 6 angstrom resolution , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They exhibited high selectivity and were not recognized by human DNA polymerases alpha and epsilon , DNA polymerase beta from rat liver , Escherichia coli DNA polymerase 1 , and HSV 1 and CMV DNA polymerases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Structures of ternary complexes of rat DNA polymerase beta , a DNA template primer , and ddCTP . ^^^ Two ternary complexes of rat DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) , a DNA template primer , and dideoxycytidine triphosphate ( ddCTP ) have been determined at 2 . 9 A and 3 . 6 A resolution , respectively . ddCTP is the triphosphate of dideoxycytidine ( ddC ) , a nucleoside analog that targets the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) and is at present used to treat AIDS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Despite altered hydrolysis profiles , both enzymes covered primarily the template primer duplex , contradicting recent predictions based on the structure of rat DNA polymerase beta . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , D ddCTP and D FddCTP inhibited human DNA polymerase beta , with Ki values of 0 . 5 and 2 . 5 microM , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The insensitivity of DNA polymerase beta and the poor response of DNA polymerase alpha to peyssonol A make this inhibitor more attractive for the future development of a potent anti HIV RT drug . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Structural studies of complexes of the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase 1 , HIV type 1 reverse transcriptase , and rat DNA polymerase beta with DNA are leading to generalized models for catalysis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human DNA polymerase alpha as well as DNA polymerase beta ( rat liver ) , terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase ( calf thymus ) or HSV 1 and CMV DNA polymerases did not incorporate NITTP into a growing DNA chain . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Identification of mutations in DNA polymerase beta mRNAs from patients with Werner syndrome . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta gene has been mapped to chromosome 8p12 11 and thought to be involved in DNA repair and possibly in recombination . ^^^ The functions of DNA polymerase beta gene and its position prompted us to examine this gene in WS patients . ^^^ We have found the novel DNA polymerase beta cDNA species in blood samples from WS patients , which contain 107 bp insertions or 87 bp deletions in the catalytic domain of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ These mutations change the structure of DNA polymerase beta and thus the capacity of the DNA repair system would be impaired , which may account for the high mutation rate observed in WS . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The bovine DNA polymerase beta promoter : cloning , characterization and comparison with the human core promoter . ^^^ The core promoter of the human DNA polymerase beta ( beta Pol ) encoding gene ( POL beta ) is regulated through cis elements for the ATF / CREB protein ( s ) , and GC box binding and initiation site binding proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Primer extensions using the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase 1 , the modified T 7 DNA polymerase ( Sequenase ) , or the human DNA polymerase beta paused strongly at specific loci in the CTG repeats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta and DNA ligase activities were also seen to increase and decline in a way analogous to PARP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In Northern blot analysis no differences in expression of topoisomerase 1 and 2 ( alpha and beta ) , DNA polymerase beta , or HSP 70 and HSP 60 genes were observed between POGB and POGB / DX . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The resistance cell lines exhibited an enhanced expression of multi drug resistance ( MDR 1 ) , thymidylate synthase ( TS ) , c fos and DNA polymerase beta genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phorbol ester abrogates up regulation of DNA polymerase beta by DNA alkylating agents in Chinese hamster ovary cells . ^^^ Mammalian DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) , a DNA repair polymerase , is known to be constitutively expressed in cultured cells , but treatment of cells with the DNA alkylating agents MNNG or methyl methanesulfonate has been shown to up regulate beta pol mRNA level . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Excision of deoxyribose phosphate residues by DNA polymerase beta during DNA repair . ^^^ Eukaryotic DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) can catalyze DNA synthesis during base excision DNA repair . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Primer extension past O 6 meG by DNA polymerase alpha and Sequenase was partially blocked in a manner which varied with the site of O 6 meG in the template while primer extension by DNA polymerase beta was completely blocked ( < 2 % full length extension ) with O 6 meG at sites 1 4 . ^^^ Substitution of MnCl 2 for MgCl 2 in the reaction mixture greatly increased the bypass of O 6 meG by Klenow fragment and DNA polymerase alpha but not Sequenase or DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As the DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) activity was extremely high in the thymic lymphomas , we screened mutations in the pol beta gene to examine the possibility of involvement of mutated pol beta in reduction of the fidelity of DNA synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of DNA polymerase beta mutants with amino acid substitutions located in the C terminal portion of the enzyme . ^^^ We used quantitative complementation assays to characterize individual DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) mutants for their ability to function in DNA replication and DNA repair . ^^^ We also describe a screen for detecting mutator activity of DNA polymerase beta mutants . ^^^ By using these bioassays , together with DNA polymerase activity gels , we characterized 15 new DNA polymerase beta mutants that display a wide spectrum of phenotypes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PHYLPA , a unique Physarum lysophosphatidic acid ( LPA ) , showed selective inhibition of a family of DNA polymerase alpha , including DNA polymerases alpha , delta and epsilon ; but no inhibition of DNA polymerase beta or gamma was observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The single stranded ras gene fragment was used as a template for in vitro DNA synthesis with the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase 1 , Taq DNA polymerase , rat DNA polymerase beta and mouse DNA polymerase alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that dTTP incorporation into the isolated nuclei is dependent on DNA polymerase alpha ( a principal polymerase in DNA replication ) but that DNA polymerase beta ( a principal polymerase in DNA repair processes ) does not play a significant role in this system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Modified nucleoside 5 ' triphosphates containing 2 ' , 3 ' fused three membered rings as substrates for different DNA polymerases . 5 ' Triphosphates of 1 ( 2 ' , 3 ' epithio 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxy beta D lyxofuranosyl ) thymine , 1 ( 2 ' , 3 ' epithio 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxy beta D ribofuranosyl ) thymine and 2 ' , 3 ' lyxoanhydrothymidine have been shown to be termination substrates for human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) and avian myeloblastosis virus ( AMV ) reverse transcriptases as well as DNA polymerase 1 from E . coli and DNA polymerase beta from rat liver . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Polymorphisms in the human DNA polymerase beta gene . ^^^ The DNA polymerase beta gene is one of the DNA repair genes , and mutations in it have been detected in 83 % of human colorectal cancers . ^^^ This information should be taken into consideration at the time of sequence analysis of the DNA polymerase beta gene . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When a primed template with 2 OH Ade was treated with an exonuclease deficient Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase 1 ( KFexo ) , recombinant rat DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) or calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha ( pol alpha ) , incorporation of dTMP and dAMP was observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Increased expression of ERCC 1 was not found to be associated with nitrogen mustard resistance , nor did we find altered expression of the DNA repair enzymes : ERCC 2 , DNA polymerase beta , or topoisomerase 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta can substitute for DNA polymerase 1 in the initiation of plasmid DNA replication . ^^^ We previously demonstrated that mammalian DNA polymerase beta can substitute for DNA polymerase 1 of Escherichia coli in DNA replication and in base excision repair . ^^^ We have now obtained genetic evidence suggesting that DNA polymerase beta can substitute for E . coli DNA polymerase 1 in the initiation of replication of a plasmid containing a pMB 1 origin of DNA replication . ^^^ Specifically , we demonstrate that a plasmid with a pMB 1 origin of replication can be maintained in an E . coli polA mutant in the presence of mammalian DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Our results suggest that mammalian DNA polymerase beta can substitute for E . coli DNA polymerase 1 by initiating DNA replication of this plasmid from the 3 ' OH terminus of the RNA DNA hybrid at the origin of replication . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta bypasses in vitro a single d ( GpG ) cisplatin adduct placed on codon 13 of the HRAS gene . ^^^ On the other hand , DNA polymerase beta efficiently bypassed the cisplatin adduct . ^^^ Furthermore , we observed that DNA polymerase beta was the only polymerase capable of primer extension of a 3 ' OH located opposite the base preceding the lesion . ^^^ Likewise , DNA polymerase beta was able to elongate the arrested replication products of the other three DNA polymerases , thus showing its capacity to successfully compete with polymerases alpha , delta , and epsilon in the stalled replication complex . ^^^ Our data suggest ( 1 ) a possible mechanism enabling DNA polymerase beta to bypass a d ( GpG ) cisplatin adduct in vitro and ( 2 ) a role for this enzyme in processing DNA damage in vivo . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Specific inhibition of DNA polymerase beta by its 14 kDa domain : role of single and double stranded DNA binding and 5 ' phosphate recognition . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( beta polymerase ) has been implicated in short patch DNA synthesis in the DNA repair pathway known as base excision repair . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The activity of DNA polymerase beta remained relatively constant from 1 day before birth to 21 days after birth , varying by only about 5 % . ^^^ From these results , it is concluded that : ( 1 ) cellular proliferation in the lung is most active during the first 2 weeks after birth as supported by the increases in DNA polymerase alpha activity and DNA content , and ( 2 ) anticipating the oxygen enriched atmosphere after birth , the level of DNA polymerase beta , involved in the DNA repair system , is already elevated during the prenatal period and remains constant throughout the postnatal period . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA damage induced transcriptional activation of a human DNA polymerase beta chimeric promoter : recruitment of preinitiation complex in vitro by ATF / CREB . ^^^ Treatment of hamster cells in culture with the DNA alkylating agent N methyl N ' nitro N nitrosoguanidine ( MNNG ) induces DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) gene expression and cellular levels of the enzyme . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta conducts the gap filling step in uracil initiated base excision repair in a bovine testis nuclear extract . ^^^ A neutralizing polyclonal antibody against DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) inhibited the repair reaction . ddCTP also inhibited the repair reaction , whereas aphidicolin had no significant effect , suggesting that activity of beta pol was required . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the ' active ' molecules of DNA polymerase beta in aging rat brain . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta , a 38kD protein is essentially considered to be a repair enzyme at least with respect to some forms of DNA damage . ^^^ Through northern and western blotting , it was found that mRNA and immunologically reactive molecules of DNA polymerase beta are reduced by 30 % and 20 % respectively in old rat brain as compared to the young . ^^^ These data are taken to indicate accumulation of catalytically inactive molecules of DNA polymerase beta in rat brain with age . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A DNA polymerase beta in the mitochondrion of the trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata . ^^^ In all of these characteristics , the enzyme resembles DNA polymerase beta , a nuclear enzyme thought to be involved in DNA repair . ^^^ The mitochondrial polymerase has significant homology , about 33 % identity at the amino acid level , with human DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ This enzyme is the first example of a mitochondrial DNA polymerase beta . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the negative regulatory region showed almost no repressing effect on the functions of the heterologous gene promoters such as the simian virus 40 enhancer promoter , the enhancer promoter in the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat and the mouse DNA polymerase beta gene promoter . ^^^ This unique property is discussed in comparison with that of the negative regulatory elements of the mouse DNA polymerase beta gene . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the other hand , DNA polymerase CI was not stimulated by PCNA and , like animal DNA polymerase beta , was distributive in all cases . ^^^ From these results , we propose that wheat DNA polymerase A could correspond to a DNA polymerase alpha , DNA polymerases B and CII could correspond to the delta like enzyme , and DNA polymerase CI could correspond to DNA polymerase beta . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cyclin binding of the chimeric protein of the N terminal ( residues 1 68 ) or the C terminal ( residues 195 261 ) region of PCNA and rat DNA polymerase beta which does not bind to the cyclins by itself supports this notion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Differential effect of p 53 on the promoters of mouse DNA polymerase beta gene and proliferating cell nuclear antigen gene . ^^^ A plasmid carrying the 5 ' flanking region of the mouse proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) gene or DNA polymerase beta gene was fused with the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( CAT ) gene , then cotransfected into mouse N18TG2 cells with the expression plasmid for the p 53 gene . ^^^ Expression of the wild type p 53 repressed the CAT expression directed by the PCNA gene promoter , while it had little effect on the DNA polymerase beta gene promoter . ^^^ By analysis with various deletion mutants in the DNA polymerase beta gene promoter , we identified the unique 10 bp palindromic sequence ( 24 to 15 ) , in the presence of which p 53 was not able to repress the promoter activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The human DNA polymerase beta gene structure . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) is a single copy gene that is considered to be part of the DNA repair machinery in mammalian cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta was able to replace DNA polymerase delta only for repair of natural AP sites in a reaction that did not require PCNA . ^^^ This result indicates that AP sites can be repaired by two distinct pathways , the PCNA dependent pathway and the DNA polymerase beta dependent pathway . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta gene expression was comparable in all the tested testicular lines established from previously untreated patients , but markedly lower than that identified in the 833K testicular line , established from a drug treated patient and identified earlier as proficient in Pt GG adduct removal ( Cancer Res 1988 , 48 , 3019 3024 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast to the observations with these chemicals , ddTTP ( 20 microM ) , a potent inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta , did not produce any measurable effect on DNA repair in gamma irradiated permeable fibroblasts , nor did it enhance the efficacy of araC , araCTP or aphidicolin to inhibit repair . ^^^ These results strongly suggest that DNA polymerase beta plays no significant role in the repair of gamma radioproducts in human fibroblasts . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Such an increase detected by anti BrdU monoclonal antibodies has been found to be related mainly to DNA polymerase beta activity as revealed by the kinetic analysis of in vitro DNA synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of the tryptophan fluorescence and hydrodynamic properties of rat DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ We have examined the biophysical properties of DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) in solution . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Ki values toward DNA polymerase beta in increasing order were 1 . 32 , 1 . 43 , 140 , and 520 microM for ddCTP , FIAUTP , AZTTP and HPMPCpp , respectively . ^^^ Therefore , HPMPC would be expected to have less inhibitory effects on DNA repair ( DNA polymerase beta ) and mitochondrial DNA synthesis ( DNA polymerase gamma ) than ddC , FIAU or AZT . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Elevated DNA polymerase alpha , DNA polymerase beta , and DNA topoisomerase 2 in a melphalan resistant rhabdomyosarcoma xenograft that is cross resistant to nitrosoureas and topotecan . ^^^ Measurement of additional enzyme activities that might be involved in DNA repair revealed significant elevations in DNA polymerase alpha ( 46 + / 8 ( SD ) units / mg protein in TE 671 , 69 + / 6 units / mg protein in TE 671 MR , P < 0 . 05 ) and DNA polymerase beta ( 0 . 43 + / 0 . 01 units / mg protein in TE 671 , 0 . 78 + / 0 . 12 units / mg protein in TE 671 MR , P < 0 . 05 ) but not DNA polymerase delta or total DNA ligase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Deletion of a DNA polymerase beta gene segment in T cells using cell type specific gene targeting . ^^^ Deletion of the promoter and the first exon of the DNA polymerase beta gene ( pol beta ) in the mouse germ line results in a lethal phenotype . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Studies of gapped DNA substrate binding by mammalian DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Purified mammalian DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) fills short gaps of up to 6 nucleotides by a processive mechanism , and this gap filling activity requires a PO 4 group on the 5 ' side of the gap ( Singhal , R . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effects of DNA polymerase beta gene over expressed in transgenic Drosophila on DNA repair and recombination . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) cDNA of rat fused to an enhancer promoter region plus a poly ( A ) signal sequence of actin 5C gene of Drosophila ( abbreviated pol beta ) was transferred to the Drosophila genome . ^^^ The popular idea that DNA polymerase beta participates in DNA repair was not supported by the observation that a pair of a normal and a pol beta strain , and the other pair of a mei 9 mei 41 ( DNA repair deficient double mutations ) strain and a pol beta mei 9 mei 41 strain , showed no difference in survival within each pair after treatment with ultraviolet light , methylmethane sulfonate and mitomycin C . ^^^ The other idea that DNA polymerase beta participates in recombination was supported by the findings that spontaneous frequency of recombination , either meiotic or mitotic , is significantly higher in a transgenic pol beta strain than in a non transgenic strain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We identified and purified a new DNA polymerase ( DNA polymerase 4 ) , which is similar to mammalian DNA polymerase beta , from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and suggested that it is encoded by YCR14C ( POLX ) on chromosome 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Assignments of 1H , 15N , and 13C resonances for the backbone and side chains of the N terminal domain of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta consists of an N terminal single stranded DNA binding domain and a C terminal catalytic domain separable by mild proteolysis [ Kumar et al . ( 1990 ) J . ^^^ The secondary structure and tertiary contacts within the cloned N terminal domain ( residues 2 87 ) of mammalian DNA polymerase beta have been determined using multidimensional NMR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since these ras transformants did not affect the cellular metallothionein content , transcriptional level of DNA polymerase beta or activity of glutathione S transferase which is not associated with cisplatin sensitivity , these results suggest that cisplatin resistance is brought about by the H ras oncogene , but not by K ras , and that induction of cisplatin resistance by H ras is mainly due to a reduction of cisplatin accumulation and an impairment of Na+ , K ( + ) ATPase activity in the membrane fraction . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MMS sensitivity of a cdc 2 2 mutant at 20 degrees C is complemented by expression of mammalian DNA polymerase beta , an enzyme that fills single strand gaps in duplex DNA in vitro and whose only known catalytic activity is polymerization of deoxyribonucleotides . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Correlation between thermal radiosensitization and heat induced loss of DNA polymerase beta activity in CHO cells . ^^^ The increase in radiosensitivity caused by various kinds of single and combined heat treatments was studied in CHO cells and related to the heat induced loss of the DNA polymerase beta activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The absence of the repair enzyme DNA polymerase beta and the presence of substantial levels of polymerase epsilon in the silk glands suggest a possible role for the latter in DNA repair in that tissue . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , the reversal of this resistance is associated with down regulation of dTMP synthase , DNA polymerase beta , topoisomerase 1 and hMT 2 A , which are genes previously linked to DNA synthesis and repair . ^^^ Thus , these studies further implicate the role of the c fos gene in DNA synthesis through modulation of expression of dTMP synthase , DNA polymerase beta and topoisomerase 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
B23 . 1 purified from rat Novikoff hepatoma ascites cell nucleoli stimulated the activity of DNA polymerase alpha by as much as 3 to 4 fold in a dose dependent manner , while it showed little effect on the activities of DNA polymerase beta , gamma , and primase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This was associated with increases of 9 . 4 fold and a 2 . 3 fold , respectively , in DNA polymerase beta and total DNA ligase activities in cells of the treated tumor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In all of these respects , the polymerase resembles a DNA polymerase beta , a gap filling enzyme thought to function in DNA repair in the nucleus of other eukaryotes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A crystal structure of the catalytic domain of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ The crystal structure of the catalytic domain of rat DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) has been determined at 2 . 3 A resolution and refined to an R factor of 0 . 22 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Evidence against DNA polymerase beta as a candidate gene for Werner syndrome . ^^^ Since the structural gene for DNA polymerase beta maps within the region of the WS mutation on the short arm of chromosome 8 and is involved in both DNA repair and DNA replication , we evaluated its candidacy as the WS gene . ^^^ Several independent lines of evidence did not support that hypothesis : ( 1 ) activity gels showed normal enzyme activity and electrophoretic mobility ; ( 2 ) nucleotide sequence analysis of the entire coding region failed to reveal mutations ( although indicated mistakes in the published sequence ) ; ( 3 ) single strand conformation polymorphism ( SSCP ) and heteroduplex analyses failed to reveal evidence of mutations in the promoter region ; ( 4 ) a newly discerned polymorphism failed to reveal evidence of homozygosity by descent in a consanguineous patient ; and 5 ) fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH ) analysis placed the DNA polymerase beta gene centromeric to D8S135 at 8p11 . 2 and thus beyond the region of peak LOD scores for WS . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta gene mutation in human prostate cancer . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta is a nuclear protein essential to DNA repair in mammalian cells . ^^^ To clarify the tumorigenesis steps of human prostate cancers in the molecular basis , we examined the entire coding region of the human DNA polymerase beta gene in human prostate cancer tissues using polymerase chain reaction , single strand conformational polymorphism analysis of RNA , and sequencing analysis . ^^^ Consequently , we detected DNA polymerase beta gene mutations in 2 of 12 cases ( 17 % ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Enhancement of DNA polymerase beta activity in the pituitary gland by hormonal feedback . ^^^ The activity of DNA polymerase beta ( beta enzyme ) in bovine and rat pituitary glands was remarkably higher in the anterior than in the posterior lobe . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Identification of residues in the single stranded DNA binding site of the 8 kDa domain of rat DNA polymerase beta by UV cross linking . ^^^ Rat DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) is a 39 kDa monomeric protein , organized in two structurally and functionally distinct domains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This transcriptional regulation results from poly ( ADP ribosyl ) ation and inactivation of DNA sequence specific regulatory proteins such as silencer element binding proteins , thereby inducing transcription of DNA polymerase beta , which is a DNA repair enzyme in higher eukaryotes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It was shown that ( 3 ' azido 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxythymidine 5 ' O methylenephosphonate ) diphosphate , ( 3 ' azido 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxythymidine 5 ' phosphate ) dibromomethylenediphosphonate , ( 3 ' azido 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxythymidine 5 ' phosphate ) phosphonoacetate terminate DNA synthesis catalyzed by reverse transcriptases . ( 2 ' Deoxythymidine 5 ' phosphate ) phosphonoacetate displays substrate properties for DNA polymerase beta , different reverse transcriptases , terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase , but not for DNA polymerase alpha , Klenow ' s fragment DNA polymerase 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Aphidicolin , an inhibitor of DNA polymerases alpha and delta , and dideoxy thymidine , an inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta , inhibited DNA repair synthesis of irradiated splenocytes stimulated with AS 101 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A probable homolog of mammalian DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ These results strongly suggest that DNA polymerase 4 is encoded by the POLX gene and is a probable homolog of mammalian DNA polymerase beta . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Isolation of DNA polymerase beta from human placenta and study of its substrate specificity ] . ^^^ A method of purification of DNA polymerase beta with a specific activity of 1300 units / mg from human placenta was developed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , DNA polymerase beta , which is not associated with the 21 S complex , is diffusely distributed throughout the nucleoplasm . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Crystallization of 31 kDa C terminal fragment of rat DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ A 248 residue C terminal fragment of rat DNA polymerase beta ( 335 amino acid residues ) , a eukaryotic DNA repair enzyme , has been crystallized from polyethylene glycol 6000 solution . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Short gap filling synthesis by DNA polymerase beta is processive . ^^^ Mammalian DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) is considered to be part of the DNA repair machinery . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of the TS and DNA polymerase beta genes as a drug resistant gene were compared with the human colon carcinoma cell line HCT8S and a subline that was 4 . 5 fold resistant to cisplatin . ^^^ Resistant cells ( HCT8DDP ) exhibited 3 . 4 fold and 2 . 5 fold increase in mRNA for both TS and DNA polymerase beta gene when compared with the parent cells by Northern blotting analysis , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To inhibit repair , nontoxic concentrations of aphidicolin ( inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha ) and dideoxythymidine ( inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta and gamma ) were used . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , a different trend of mutations was observed when a primer on a DNA template with a cis syn dimer was extended in vitro by either DNA polymerase beta or alpha . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The activity was inhibited by 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxythymidine 5 ' triphosphate which is an inhibitor of mammalian DNA polymerase beta and gamma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It had no effect on the activities of DNA polymerase beta , DNA polymerase gamma , and primase , indicating that its effect is specific for DNA polymerase alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Detection of DNA polymerase beta gene expression by competitive polymerase chain reaction in human ovarian carcinoma cells . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta gene expression was detected in human ovarian cancer cell lines displaying a different degree of cisplatin resistance . ^^^ The level of DNA polymerase beta cDNA in the resistant cell line was threefold that of the parental sensitive line . ^^^ Our results indicate that competitive PCR is a reproducible and sensitive method to detect differences in gene expression in small samples and open the possibility of using this approach to detect DNA polymerase beta cDNA in small samples from clinical tumors . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mechanisms of mutation by oxidative DNA damage : reduced fidelity of mammalian DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ To characterize the types of mutations produced in mammalian cells , we copied DNA damaged by reactive oxygen species with mammalian DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ The gap then was filled by purified recombinant rat DNA polymerase beta , and the DNA was transfected into Escherichia coli . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
O 4 ' nor 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxy 2 ' , 3 ' didehydronucleoside 5 ' triphosphates are shown to be effective termination substrates of DNA biosynthesis catalyzed by human placental DNA polymerases alpha and epsilon , rat liver DNA polymerase beta , reverse transcriptases of human immunodeficiency virus and avian myeloblastosis virus , and calf thymus terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Oligodeoxynucleotides modified site specifically with 8 oxo dA were used as templates in primer extension reactions catalyzed by DNA polymerase 1 ( Klenow fragment ) , DNA polymerase alpha ( pol alpha ) , or DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) . dTMP or dGMP is incorporated opposite 8 oxo dA when either of these dNTPs is provided as substrate for DNA polymerase . dTMP is incorporated exclusively opposite 8 oxo dA when all four dNTPs are present in the reaction mixture at equimolar concentrations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta from the pupal ovaries of Bombyx mori . ^^^ The silk glands of Bombyx mori , a highly replicative tissue contains high levels of DNA polymerases alpha , delta and epsilon but not DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ The enzyme satisfied the criteria to be designated as DNA polymerase beta based on its small size , requirement for high concentration of monovalent cations for catalytic activity , sensitivity to ddTTP and insensitivity to aphidicolin . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta is biochemically and immunologically distinct from DNA polymerase alpha from the silk glands of B . mori . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Detection and characterization of mammalian DNA polymerase beta mutants by functional complementation in Escherichia coli . ^^^ We have designed and utilized a bacterial complementation system to identify and characterize mammalian DNA polymerase beta mutants . ^^^ In this complementation system , wild type rat DNA polymerase beta replaces both the replicative and repair functions of DNA polymerase 1 in the Escherichia coli recA 718 polA12 double mutant ; our 263 DNA polymerase beta mutants replace E . coli polymerase 1 less efficiently or not at all . ^^^ The mutants possessing a split phenotype contain amino acid residue alterations within a putative nucleotide binding site of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Single strand breaks are repaired by the sequential action of a 3 ' phosphodiesterase , DNA polymerase beta and a DNA ligase . ^^^ Repair is completed by DNA polymerase beta and a DNA ligase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Structure function analysis of the mammalian DNA polymerase beta active site : role of aspartic acid 256 , arginine 254 , and arginine 258 in nucleotidyl transfer . ^^^ The crystal structure of the catalytic domain of rat DNA polymerase beta revealed that Asp 256 is located in proximity to the previously identified active site residues Asp 190 and Asp 192 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the basis of similarities with HIV 1 RT and rat DNA polymerase beta , we have modeled template / primer and deoxyribonucleoside 5 ' triphosphate substrates into the MMLV RT structure . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Requirement of mammalian DNA polymerase beta in base excision repair . ^^^ Synthesis of DNA by DNA polymerase beta is distributive on single stranded DNA templates , but short DNA gaps with a 5 ' PO 4 in the gap are filled processively to completion . ^^^ Because genetic studies are essential for determining the physiological role of a gene , we established embryonic fibroblast cell lines homozygous for a deletion mutation in the gene encoding DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Dominant negative rat DNA polymerase beta mutants interfere with base excision repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta is one of the smallest known eukaryotic DNA polymerases . ^^^ Using a novel competition assay in Escherichia coli , we isolated two DNA polymerase beta dominant negative mutants . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The induction of repair enzymes poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase , DNA polymerase beta and DNA ligase was significantly higher in riboflavin deficient rats following DNA damage caused by the administration of carcinogens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta gene mutations in human bladder cancer . ^^^ We examined 24 human bladder cancer tissues for possible mutations in the entire coding region of the human DNA polymerase beta gene using polymerase chain reaction analysis , single strand conformational polymorphism analysis of RNA , and sequence analysis . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta gene mutations were observed in four of the 24 cases ( 16 . 7 % ) and included three missense point mutations and a single base insertion . ^^^ The single base insertion was also observed in our previous study of human prostate cancer , suggesting that this region may be a hot spot for mutation of the DNA polymerase beta gene . ^^^ Three of the four cases with DNA polymerase beta gene mutation had mutations of the p 16 or RB genes or loss of heterozygosity of the p 53 and APC gene loci . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 5 ' triphosphates showed remarkable inhibitory effects on DNA polymerase beta and DNA polymerase alpha primase purified from testes of the cherry salmon , Oncorhynchus masou , but not on common DNA polymerase alpha from same source . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cloning and characterization of the 5 ' part of the high molecular weight transcript of rat DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Three identical clones of about 2 . 2 kb representing high molecular weight DNA polymerase beta transcript were found . ^^^ Sequencing proved our earlier suggestion that both high and low molecular weight DNA polymerase beta transcripts have the same open reading frame and differ mainly at the 3 ' end . ^^^ Because of that , alternative polyadenylation is discussed as a possible mechanism for tissue and development specific regulation of the DNA polymerase beta gene expression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NTP binding site in rat DNA polymerase beta revealed by controlled proteolysis and azido photoprobe cross linking . ^^^ Mild proteolysis of rat DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) generates an N terminal 8 kDa domain and a C terminal 31 kDa domain ; the 31 kDa domain is degraded to 6 and 27 kDa fragments by further proteolysis [ Kumar , A . , Widen , S . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the DNA polymerase beta mRNA level was markedly higher in the J82 / MMC 2 cell line compared with either J82 / WT or J82 / MMC . ^^^ Thus , emergence of a higher level of resistance to MMC in J82 / MMC 2 cells compared with J82 / MMC may be attributed to ( 1 ) impaired drug activation through further reduction in DT diaphorase activity and ( 2 ) enhanced DNA repair through over expression of DNA polymerase beta . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three dimensional solution structure of the N terminal domain of DNA polymerase beta and mapping of the ssDNA interaction interface . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( beta Pol ) consists of an N terminal ssDNA binding domain with deoxyribose phosphodiesterase activity and a C terminal domain with nucleotidyltransferase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Purification and characterization of a DNA polymerase beta promoter initiator element binding transcription factor from bovine testis . ^^^ A low abundance DNA binding protein for the DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) promoter initiator element was purified from bovine testis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Enzyme DNA interactions required for efficient nucleotide incorporation and discrimination in human DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ In the crystal structure of a substrate complex , the side chains of residues Asn 279 , Tyr 271 , and Arg 283 of DNA polymerase beta are within hydrogen bonding distance to the bases of the incoming deoxynucleoside 5 ' triphosphate ( dNTP ) , the terminal primer nucleotide , and the templating nucleotide , respectively ( Pelletier , H . , Sawaya , M . ^^^ Our results indicate that specific interactions between DNA polymerase beta and the template base , but not hydrogen bonding to the incoming dNTP or terminal primer nucleotide , are required for both high catalytic efficiency and nucleotide discrimination . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutations in DNA polymerase beta mRNA of stilbene estrogen induced kidney tumors in Syrian hamster . ^^^ We report here the alteration ( s ) in the expression of the DNA repair gene , DNA polymerase beta , in kidney tumors induced by stilbene estrogen ( diethylstilbestrol , DES ) . ^^^ RT PCR , slot blotting , and Northern blotting experiments revealed that expression of DNA polymerase beta ( DNA pol beta ) was several fold lower in stilbene estrogen induced kidney tumors than in age matched controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Repair is inhibited by aphidicolin at concentrations specific for blocking DNA polymerase alpha and dideoxynucleotide triphosphates at concentrations specific for inhibiting DNA polymerase beta . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro bypass replication of the cisplatin d ( GpG ) lesion by calf thymus DNA polymerase beta and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase is highly mutagenic . ^^^ Eukaryotic DNA polymerase beta and the reverse transcriptases are the most inaccurate of the known DNA polymerases . ^^^ We report here mutagenic replication in vitro past intrastrand N ( 7 ) G N ( 7 ) G chelates of the cis diamminedichloroplatinum ( 2 ) , the major DNA adduct of the antitumor agent cisplatin by calf thymus DNA polymerase beta and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase ( 42 % and 26 % mutations , respectively ) . ^^^ Only one mutational hot spot opposite the platinated guanines was observed with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase , while two hot spots were generated by DNA polymerase beta , one at the base situated 5 ' to the lesion and the other situated 4 6 nucleotides 5 ' to the adduct . ^^^ An unusual mutagenic event , tandem replication of a 12 base pair sequence , was observed with DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Specific interaction of DNA polymerase beta and DNA ligase 1 in a multiprotein base excision repair complex from bovine testis . ^^^ Using bovine testis crude nuclear extract , we have shown that G : U is repaired efficiently in vitro , and DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) is responsible for the single nucleotide gap filling synthesis ( Singhal , R . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Evidence for an imino intermediate in the DNA polymerase beta deoxyribose phosphate excision reaction . ^^^ A recent study demonstrated that rat DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) releases 5 ' deoxyribose phosphate ( dRP ) termini from preincised apurinic / apyrimidinic DNA , a substrate generated during certain types of base excision repair . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sequence and secondary structure comparisons of regions surrounding these aspartates with sequences of other polymerases revealed a significant homology to the palm structure of DNA polymerase beta , terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase and DNA polymerase 4 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae , all members of the family 10 of polymerases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Enhancement of melphalan activity by inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha and DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Our previous studies exploring melphalan resistance in the human rhabdomyosarcoma xenograft TE 671 MR revealed elevation of DNA polymerase alpha and DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ The present study evaluated the alteration of melphalan activity in TE 671 ( melphalan sensitive ) and TE 671 MR ( melphalan resistant ) subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice after DNA polymerase alpha was inhibited using aphidicolin glycinate ( AG ) and DNA polymerase beta was inhibited using dideoxycytidine ( DDC ) . ^^^ AG ( 90 mg / m2 and 180 mg / m2 ) inhibited DNA polymerase alpha to 80 % and 72 % of control in TE 671 and 64 % and 37 % in TE 671 MR , and DDC inhibited DNA polymerase beta to 59 % in TE 671 and 48 % in TE 671 MR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta : pre steady state kinetic analysis and roles of arginine 283 in catalysis and fidelity . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) is the smallest and least complex DNA polymerase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta , apurinic / apyrimidinic endonuclease , and lactate dehydrogenase activities were present in all specimens tested , including Mer specimens from brain tumor patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of the human DNA polymerase beta promoter by a DNA alkylating agent through induced phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein 1 . ^^^ Treatment of cells with the DNA alkylating agent N methyl N ' nitro N nitrosoguanidine ( MNNG ) induces expression of the endogenous mammalian DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) gene and of the cloned promoter in transient expression studies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NTP binding to HIV 1 reverse transcriptase and mammalian DNA polymerase beta as revealed by affinity labeling with a photoreactive dNTP analog . ^^^ The dNTP binding pocket of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase ( RT ) and DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) were labeled using a photoreactive analog of dCTP , exo N [ beta ( p azidotetrafluorobenzamido ) ethyl ] deoxycytidine 5 ' triphosphate ( FABdCTP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Subsequent to DNA damage , the induction of repair enzymes poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase , DNA polymerase beta and DNA ligase was found to be significantly higher in vitamin A deficient rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The radiobiologic characteristics of DNA polymerase beta in hepatomas ] . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta activity , its content and gene transcription levels in SMMC LTNM hepatoma were investigated , using 3H TTP incorporation , immunocytochemistry and cytoplasmic dot hybridization , respectively . ^^^ It was found that DNA polymerase beta activity , its content and the amount of its mRNA were much higher in hepatoma than those in normal hepatocytes ( P < 0 . 01 ) . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta participated in DNA repair synthesis and this effect was different between hepatoma and hepatocyte because of the biological differences of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ The results presented here indicated that DNA polymerase beta could affect radiation damage and radiotherapy of cancer . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Identification of novel mRNA isoforms for human DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Recently , we reported the organization of the thirteen exons of the human DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) gene and the sequences of the exon intron junctions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Induction of DNA polymerase beta and gamma in the lungs of age related oxygen tolerant rats . ^^^ The activity of DNA polymerase beta , which is related to nuclear DNA ( nDNA ) repair , was approximately seven times higher in 3W rats than in 8W rats . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta activities in 3W rats decreased up to 48 h with oxygen exposure , but recovered to pre exposure levels by 72 h . ^^^ From these results , we conclude that the induction of DNA polymerase beta and DNA polymerase gamma in lung tissue plays a key role in oxygen tolerance in very young rats . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The enzyme requires Mg+2 , high KCl , and is highly sensitive to dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphate but is unaffected by aphidicolin , suggesting a plant counterpart of mammalian DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Replication of M13mp18 single stranded DNA by extension of 5 ' 32P labeled 17 mer primer ( 40 ) showed distributive type of DNA synthesis by the rice DNA polymerase beta , which is a characteristic feature of mammalian DNA polymerase beta . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , we propose that the superfamily can now be divided into two ( and possibly three ) subfamilies : class 1 , which contains the archaeal CCA adding enzyme , eukaryotic poly ( A ) polymerases , and DNA polymerase beta ; class 2 , which contains eubacterial and eukaryotic CCA adding enzymes , and eubacterial poly ( A ) polymerases ; and possibly a third class containing eubacterial polynucleotide phosphorylases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The kinetics of inhibition by linoleic acid showed that DNA polymerase alpha was non competitively inhibited with respect to the DNA template and substrate ( dTTP ) , while DNA polymerase beta was inhibited competitively with both DNA and substrate . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Potential role of DNA polymerase beta in gene therapy against cancer : a case for colorectal cancer . ^^^ Mutations of DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) and related chromosomal alterations appear to be consistent with the causal role of a `` mutator phenotype ' in carcinogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The damage to gamma actin and DNA polymerase beta genes was detected within 20 min of reperfusion based on the presence of formamidopyrimidine DNA N glycosylase sensitive sites . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have found that different DNA dependent DNA polymerases like DNA Polymerase 1 from Escherichia coli and eukaryotic enzymes like DNA polymerase alpha and gamma exhibit RT like activities in this assay , whereas DNA polymerase beta and Klenow enzyme show only minor activities . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Crystal structures of human DNA polymerase beta complexed with DNA : implications for catalytic mechanism , processivity , and fidelity . ^^^ Mammalian DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) is a small ( 39 kDa ) DNA gap filling enzyme that comprises an amino terminal 8 kDa domain and a carboxy terminal 31 kDa domain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A structural basis for metal ion mutagenicity and nucleotide selectivity in human DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ When crystals of human DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) complexed with DNA [ Pelletier , H . , Sawaya , M . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of the metal ion binding helix hairpin helix motifs in human DNA polymerase beta by 10 ray structural analysis . 10 ray crystallographic studies have shown that DNA binding by human polymerase beta ( pol beta ) occurs primarily through two structurally and sequentially homologous helix hairpin helix ( HhH ) motifs , one in the fingers subdomain and the other in the 8 kDa domain [ Pelletier , H . , Sawaya , M . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase alpha activity appeared strongly reduced from the early phases of methotrexate treatment , while the rate of DNA polymerase beta synthesis was found to increase progressively along with the time of drug treatment . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta appears thus to be the enzyme preminently correlated to cell attempts to repair the methotrexate induced DNA damage . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They also differ in dependence on the DNA repair protein O 6 methylguanine DNA methyltransferase for alkylating agent resistance and in levels of the DNA repair activities apurinic / apyrimidinic endonuclease and DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Elevated expression of DNA polymerase beta gene in glioma cell lines with acquired resistance to 1 ( 4 amino 2 methyl 5 pyrimidinyl ) methyl 3 ( 2 chloroethyl ) 3 nitrosourea . ^^^ We investigated the expression of DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) and O 6 methylguanine DNA methyltransferase ( MGMT ) in human glioma cells with acquired resistance to 1 ( 4 amino 2 methyl 5 pyrimidinyl ) methyl 3 ( 2 chloroethyl ) 3 nitrosoure a ( ACNU ) and in the parent cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Modulation by dietary copper of aflatoxin B 1 induced activity of DNA repair enzymes poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase , DNA polymerase beta and DNA ligase . ^^^ Induction of poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase , DNA polymerase beta and DNA ligase was found to be significantly higher in copper deficient rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Alternative splicing of DNA polymerase beta mRNA is not tumor specific . ^^^ Mammalian DNA polymerase beta is a crucial enzyme in cell genomic maintenance . ^^^ One alternative splice DNA polymerase beta mRNA , generated by 87 nt deletion ( exon 11 ) in the catalytic domain of this enzyme , was suggested to be responsible for genomic instability in tumorigenesis and in genetic disorder ( Werner syndrome ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Of the N terminal 30 amino acid residues of salmon liver DNA polymerase beta , 21 ( 70 % ) were identical to those of the rat enzyme sequence . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Replication across O 6 methylguanine by human DNA polymerase beta in vitro . ^^^ Replication in vivo across unrepaired O 6 methylguanine ( m6dG ) lesions by mammalian DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) during short patch repair may contribute to the cytotoxicity and mutagenesis of m6dG . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase B showed the same pattern during germination with very similar changes in activity . ^^^ Our results indicate a striking correlation between maximal activities of DNA polymerase A , DNA polymerase B and optimal levels of DNA synthesis . ^^^ Concerning DNA polymerase B we have previously shown that PCNA stimulates its processivity . ^^^ After 48 h , the absence of PCNA is concomitant with an important decrease in DNA polymerase B activity . ^^^ In this report we confirm the behaviour of DNA polymerase B as a delta like activity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Alternative polyadenylation of the gene transcripts encoding a rat DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Rat cells produce two different transcripts of DNA polymerase beta ( beta Pol ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because mice deficient in DNA polymerase beta die perinatally , we studied the effects of DNA polymerase beta deficiency in mosaic animals . ^^^ The fraction of DNA polymerase beta deficient cells in mosaic embryos decreased during embryonic development , presumably because wild type cells had a competitive advantage . ^^^ In the case of DNA polymerase beta , deficient cells are already selected against during embryonic development , demonstrating the general importance of this protein in multiple cell types . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
XRCC 1 polypeptide interacts with DNA polymerase beta and possibly poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase , and DNA ligase 3 is a novel molecular ' nick sensor ' in vitro . ^^^ Here , we demonstrate that XRCC 1 is additionally associated with DNA polymerase beta in human cells and that these polypeptides also directly interact . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cell lines generated in this manner contain the promoters and / or response elements representing DNA polymerase beta , p 53 , gadd ( growth arrest and DNA damage ) 45 and 153 , c fos , TPA response element , and tissue type plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Repair of alkylated bases in DNA is performed by O 6 methylguanine DNA methyltransferase ( MGMT ) and a set of enzymes of the base excision repair pathway involving N methylpurine DNA glycosylase ( MPG ) , apurinic endonuclease ( APE ) , DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) and DNA ligase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reconstitution of DNA base excision repair with purified human proteins : interaction between DNA polymerase beta and the XRCC 1 protein . ^^^ Repair of a uracil guanine base pair in DNA has been reconstituted with the recombinant human proteins uracil DNA glycosylase , apurinic / apyrimidinic endonuclease , DNA polymerase beta and DNA ligase 3 . ^^^ The XRCC 1 protein , which is known to bind DNA ligase 3 , is not absolutely required for the reaction but suppresses strand displacement by DNA polymerase beta , allowing for more efficient ligation after filling of a single nucleotide patch . ^^^ We show that XRCC 1 interacts directly with DNA polymerase beta using far Western blotting , affinity precipitation and yeast two hybrid analyses . ^^^ In addition , a complex formed between DNA polymerase beta and a double stranded oligonucleotide containing an incised abasic site was supershifted by XRCC 1 in a gel retardation assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overexpression of DNA polymerase beta sensitizes mammalian cells to 2 ' , 3 ' deoxycytidine and 3 ' azido 3 ' deoxythymidine . ^^^ Mammalian DNA polymerase beta is a DNA repair enzyme expressed constitutively at a low level . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Abasic translesion synthesis by DNA polymerase beta violates the `` A rule ' ' . ^^^ Novel types of nucleotide incorporation by human DNA polymerase beta at an abasic lesion in different sequence contexts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Nuclear matrix bound DNA polymerase beta in mouse fibrosarcoma : effect of gamma radiation . ^^^ Nuclear matrices isolated from the mouse fibrosarcoma tumour cells contain the eukaryotic replicative enzyme DNA polymerase alpha and the presumptive repair enzyme DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Exposure of tumors to various doses of gamma radiation ( 1 . 95 to 6 . 5 Gy ) causes a 2 fold increase in the levels of only DNA polymerase beta in the nuclear matrix . ^^^ The rise in the levels of the repair enzyme DNA polymerase beta could be indicative of radiation stress response of the tumour cells and their repair ability . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Exposure of Syrian hamsters to stilbene estrogen ( DES ) produces several changes in the nuclei of target organ for carcinogenesis ( kidney ) : ( 1 ) Products of nuclear redox reactions of DES modify transcription regulating proteins and DNA ; ( 2 ) transcription is inhibited ; ( 3 ) tyrosine phosphorylation of nuclear proteins , including RNA polymerase 2 , p 53 , and nuclear insulin like growth factor 1 receptor , is altered ; and ( 4 ) DNA repair gene DNA polymerase beta transcripts are decreased and mutated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The protection against DNA damage was found to be reduction in the induction of repair enzymes polymerase , DNA polymerase beta and DNA ligase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta : structure fidelity relationship from Pre steady state kinetic analyses of all possible correct and incorrect base pairs for wild type and R283A mutant . ^^^ The kinetic parameters ( kpol , Kd app ) for all possible correct and incorrect pairing between the A , T , G , and C bases were determined for wild type ( WT ) rat DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) and the R283A mutant under pre steady state kinetic assay conditions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A genetic system to identify DNA polymerase beta mutator mutants . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) is a 39 kDa protein that functions in DNA repair processes in mammalian cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Evidence for a role for DNA polymerase beta in mammalian meiosis . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) is an enzyme possessing both polymerase and deoxyribose phophatase activities . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The strand breaks were detected by an alkaline elution method with the use of inhibitors of DNA polymerase , aphidicolin ( aph ) and 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxythymidine ( ddT ) ; the former inhibits DNA polymerases alpha , delta and epsilon , and the latter inhibits DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Also , when DNA polymerase beta was inhibited with 10 mM ddT plus 1 microM methotrexate ( MTX ) , the exposure of L 132 cells to 10 mM DMAA for 6 h significantly induced DNA single strand breaks . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The DNA polymerase beta gene ( POLB ) , which encodes a DNA polymerase believed to be involved in short gap filling DNA synthesis , has been mapped to the proximal region of 8p ( 8p12 p 11 ) , a region commonly deleted in bladder carcinoma and a wide variety of other neoplasms . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Base excision repair removes many modified bases and abasic sites , and in mammalian cells this mainly involves DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta in abasic site repair : a structurally conserved helix hairpin helix motif in lesion detection by base excision repair enzymes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using various techniques , we have undertaken a systematic analysis of the natural TATA less human DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) gene promoter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Synthesis and evaluation of oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing an aryl ( trifluoromethyl ) diazirine moiety as the cross linking probe : photoaffinity labeling of mammalian DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta : analysis of the contributions of tyrosine 271 and asparagine 279 to substrate specificity and fidelity of DNA replication by pre steady state kinetics . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) from rat brain , overexpressed in Escherichia coli , was used as a model to study the factors responsible for substrate specificity [ kpol , Kd ( app ) and kpol / Kd ( app ) ] and fidelity during DNA synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The `` in vitro ' ' analysis of DNA polymerases alpha , beta , and gamma activities revealed that , in nuclei from control cells , DNA polymerase alpha was the principal DNA polymerase driving this `` in vitro ' ' system , while after 15 hr . of MTX treatment its activity was largely decreased and replaced by DNA polymerase beta , which is believed to be associated with DNA repair . ^^^ Taken together , these results suggest that among the intracellular processes elicited by MTX induced apoptosis in HL 60 cells , the redistribution of DNA polymerase alpha and the stimulation of DNA polymerase beta activity might represent an extreme attempt of the cell to preserve the replicative machinery during fragmentation and chromatin margination . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We previously showed that one fraction corresponds to DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Recombinant versions of UNG , HAP 1 , and DNA polymerase beta were able to substitute for the proteins purified from human cells . ^^^ Thus , complete base excision repair of uracil containing DNA was achieved by a combination of UNG , HAP 1 , DNA polymerase beta , and DNA ligase 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GAC by primer extensions in vitro using DNA polymerases ( the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase 1 , the modified T 7 DNA polymerase ( Sequenase ) , and human DNA polymerase beta ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interaction of human apurinic endonuclease and DNA polymerase beta in the base excision repair pathway . ^^^ Mammalian DNA polymerase beta ( Polbeta ) carries out most base excision repair synthesis and also can excise deoxyribose 5 phosphate after AP endonuclease incision . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human AP endonuclease , DNA polymerase beta and a DNA ligase ( either 3 or 1 ) were sufficient for the repair of a regular AP site . ^^^ The long patch BER pathway was largely dependent on DNA polymerase beta in cell extracts , but the reaction could be reconstituted with either DNA polymerase beta or delta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although its palm domain has the same topology as other polymerases , except rat DNA polymerase beta , one of the three carboxylates required for nucleotidyl transfer is located on a different beta strand . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is interesting to mention that beta , gamma CBr 2 substituted dTTP is neither a substrate nor an inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ This specificity distinguishes DNA polymerase beta from other DNA polymerases studied . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Replication of template primers containing propanodeoxyguanosine by DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ The effect of PdG on DNA synthesis by human DNA polymerase beta was evaluated using template primers containing PdG at defined sites . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The primase does not co localize with the mitochondrial topoisomerase 2 and DNA polymerase beta , both of which are associated with two protein complexes positioned on opposite sides of the kinetoplast disc . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Crystal structures of human DNA polymerase beta complexed with gapped and nicked DNA : evidence for an induced fit mechanism . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) fills single nucleotide ( nt ) gaps in DNA produced by the base excision repair pathway of mammalian cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A variant of DNA polymerase beta acts as a dominant negative mutant . ^^^ In eukaryotic cells , DNA polymerase beta ( polbeta ) carries out base excision repair ( BER ) required for DNA maintenance , replication , recombination , and drug resistance . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta : multiple conformational changes in the mechanism of catalysis . ^^^ Stopped flow fluorescence assay was applied to identify conformational changes in the catalytic cycle of DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) , using a synthetic DNA primer / template containing 2 aminopurine ( 2 AP ) at the template position opposite the incoming dNTP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Increased activity and fidelity of DNA polymerase beta on single nucleotide gapped DNA . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) is an error prone polymerase that plays a central role in mammalian base excision repair . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The inhibitory action of fatty acids on DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ For DNA polymerase beta ( pol . beta ) , NA acted by competing with both the substrate and template primer , but for DNA polymerase alpha ( pol . alpha ) or human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase ( HIV 1 reverse transcriptase or HIV RT ) , NA acted non competitively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A multiple alignment of family 10 DNA polymerases , together with the extrapolation to the crystal structure of mammalian DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) , showed the conservation in ASFV pol 10 of the most critical residues involved in DNA binding , nucleotide binding , and catalysis of the polymerization reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The photoreactive oligonucleotide was synthesized in situ by DNA polymerases . 5 [ N ( 2 nitro 5 azidobenzoyl ) trans 3 aminopropenyl 1 ] deoxyuridine 5 ' triphosphate ( NABdUTP ) was used as substrate for elongation of a radiolabeled primer logical ortemplate either by human DNA polymerase alpha primase ( polalpha ) , human DNA polymerase beta ( polbeta ) or Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase 1 ( KF ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Extracts prepared from DNA polymerase beta ( polbeta ) proficient mouse fibroblasts repaired AP sites on both circular and linear DNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Only two DNA repair enzymes , DNA polymerase beta and O 6 methylguanine DNA methyltransferase , have been shown to be inducible in mammalian cells by genotoxic agents . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GO ( 12 mU / ml ) resulted in more damage to the mitochondrial DNA ( 2 . 250 + / 0 . 045 lesions / 10 kb ) than in any one of three nuclear targets , which included the non expressed beta globin locus ( 0 . 436 + / 0 . 029 lesions / 10 kb ) ; and the active DNA polymerase b gene ( 0 . 442 + / 0 . 037 lesions / 10 kb ) ; and the active hprt gene ( 0 . 310 + / 0 . 025 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These mutational data indicate the importance of the putative functional regions in XRCC 1 , such as the BRCA 1 C terminal ( BRCT ) domain found in common with BRCA 1 and other DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint proteins , and also regions necessary for interaction with DNA polymerase beta and DNA ligase III . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Structural insights into DNA polymerase beta fidelity : hold tight if you want it right . ^^^ The structural and kinetic characterization of DNA polymerase beta indicates that this polymerase must stabilize the templating base to achieve efficient polymerization with high fidelity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cloning , purification and characterization of DNA polymerase beta from Xenopus laevis studies on its potential role in DNA end joining . ^^^ In extracts from Xenopus eggs , NEJ is inhibited by dideoxynucleotides , indicating a possible involvement of DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The inhibitory effect of novel triterpenoid compounds , fomitellic acids , on DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ On DNA polymerase beta , the fomitellic acids acted by competing with both the substrate and the template primer , but on DNA polymerase alpha , they acted non competitively . ^^^ At least on DNA polymerase beta , the evidence suggests that each of the fomitellic acids bind to the active region competing with the substrate and / or template primer , and subsequently inhibits the catalytic activity . ^^^ We therefore further investigated the enzyme binding properties by using DNA polymerase beta and its proteolytic fragments . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase alpha , which in controls was found to be the principal replicative enzyme driving DNA synthesis , underwent , upon apoptosis , a large decrease of its activity being replaced by DNA polymerase beta which is believed to be associated with DNA repair . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta : effects of gapped DNA substrates on dNTP specificity , fidelity , processivity and conformational changes . ^^^ Pre steady state kinetic analysis was used to compare the catalytic properties of DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) for single base gap filling and regular duplex DNA synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Compounds 1 5 inhibited calf DNA polymerase alpha and rat DNA polymerase beta , with respective minimum inhibitory concentration ( MIC ) ranges of 35 75 and 90 130 microM . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three sulfolipid compounds , 1 , 2 , and 3 , have been isolated from a higher plant , a pteridophyte , Athyrium niponicum , as potent inhibitors of the activities of calf DNA polymerase alpha and rat DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ The inhibition by the sulfolipids was concentration dependent , and almost complete inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha and DNA polymerase beta was achieved at 6 and 8 microg / mL , respectively . ^^^ The kinetic studies of the compounds showed that DNA polymerase alpha was inhibited non competitively with respect to the DNA template and substrate , whereas DNA polymerase beta was inhibited competitively with both the DNA template and substrate . ^^^ The binding to DNA polymerase beta could be stopped with non ionic detergent , but the binding to DNA polymerase alpha could not . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta is required in mammalian cells for the predominant pathway of base excision repair involving single nucleotide gap filling DNA synthesis . ^^^ Here we examine the relationship between oxidative stress , cellular levels of DNA polymerase beta and base excision repair capacity in vitro , using mouse monocytes and either wild type mouse fibroblasts or those deleted of the DNA polymerase beta gene . ^^^ Treatment with an oxidative stress inducing agent such as hydrogen peroxide , 3 morpholinosydnonimine , xanthine / xanthine oxidase or lipopolysaccharide was found to increase the level of DNA polymerase beta in both monocytes and fibroblasts . ^^^ This effect may be due to the enhanced DNA polymerase beta dependent base excision repair capacity of the cells , because a similar decrease in DNA lesions was not observed in cells deficient in base excision repair by virtue of DNA polymerase beta gene deletion . ^^^ This effect was not observed in cells deleted of the DNA polymerase beta gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mammalian cells possess two distinct pathways for completion of base excision repair ( BER ) : the DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) dependent short patch pathway ( replacement of one nucleotide ) , which is the main route , and the long patch pathway ( resynthesis of 2 6 nucleotides ) , which is PCNA dependent . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , DNA ligase 1 participates in a second BER pathway that is carried out by a multiprotein complex in which DNA ligase 1 interacts directly with DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Serum DNA polymerase beta as an indicator for fatal liver injury of rat induced by D galactosamine hydrochloride and lipopolysaccharide . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) is a nuclear enzyme that is tightly bound to chromatin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Functional analysis of the amino terminal 8 kDa domain of DNA polymerase beta as revealed by site directed mutagenesis . ^^^ The amino terminal 8 kDa domain of DNA polymerase beta functions in binding single stranded DNA ( ssDNA ) , recognition of a 5 ' phosphate in gapped DNA structures , and as a 5 ' deoxyribose phosphate ( dRP ) lyase . ^^^ The results indicate that Lys 35 is involved in 5 ' phosphate recognition of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While aphidicolin and arabinocytidine ( DNA polymerase alpha , delta , epsilon inhibitors ) totally inhibited NNK and NNKOAc induced UDS , dideoxythymidine ( DNA polymerase beta inhibitor ) inhibited NNK and NNKOAc induced UDS by 40 and 33 % , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Catalytic center of DNA polymerase beta for excision of deoxyribose phosphate groups . ^^^ The amino terminal 8 kDa domain of vertebrate DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) has an activity to excise deoxyribose phosphate ( dRP ) groups from 5 ' incised apurinic / apyrimidinic ( AP ) sites during base excision repair . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Pol beta 14 dominant negative rat DNA polymerase beta mutator mutant commits errors during the gap filling step of base excision repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . ^^^ We demonstrated recently that dominant negative mutants of rat DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) interfere with repair of alkylation damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The inhibition was dose dependent , and complete ( more than 90 % ) inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha ( pol . alpha ) , DNA polymerase beta ( pol . beta ) and HIV reverse transcriptase type 1 ( HIV RT ) was observed at concentrations of 5 , 10 , and 30 microM , respectively . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Given that XRCC 1 is also associated with DNA ligase 3 via a second BRCT module and with DNA polymerase beta , our results provide strong evidence that PARP is a member of a BER multiprotein complex involved in the detection of DNA interruptions and possibly in the recruitment of XRCC 1 and its partners for efficient processing of these breaks in a coordinated manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In a cell free infection system , baicalin inhibited the activity of HIV 1 reverse transcriptase ( RT ) , but not the activity of human DNA polymerases alpha and gamma ( DNA polymerase beta was slightly inhibited ) , suggesting that the anti HIV 1 effect of baicalin may at least partly be due to inhibition of HIV 1 RT . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human DNA polymerase beta deoxyribose phosphate lyase . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) cleaves the sugar phosphate bond 3 ' to an intact apurinic / apyrimidinic ( AP ) site ( i . e . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Oligodeoxynucleotides modified site specifically with cis thymine glycol or urea residue , two ionizing radiation / oxidation damages , were used as templates in primer extension reactions catalyzed by 3 ' > 5 ' exonuclease deficient Klenow fragment , human DNA polymerase beta , AMV reverse transcriptase , and a modified T 7 DNA polymerase ( Sequenase ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
XRCC 1 can interact with DNA polymerase beta , thereby suppressing strand displacement , and DNA ligase 3 , both of which have been implicated in base excision repair . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An ergosterol peroxide , a natural product that selectively enhances the inhibitory effect of linoleic acid on DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ The ergosterol peroxide ( EPO ) itself scarcely inhibited the activities of calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha ( pol . alpha ) or rat DNA polymerase beta ( pol . beta ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chromium ( 3 ) decreases the fidelity of human DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ This study was done to understand how Cr ( 3 ) , in the presence of physiological concentrations of magnesium , affects the kinetic parameters of steady state DNA synthesis in vitro across site specific O 6 methylguanine ( m6dG ) residues by DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) is one of the key enzymes in the base excision repair pathway . ^^^ Recent biochemical studies have identified the catalytic center of the 8 kDa domain and provided new insight into the mechanism of DNA repair by DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Their corresponding triphosphates were evaluated as inhibitors of DNA polymerase beta , terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase ( TdT ) , telomerase , Escherichia coli DNA polymerase 1 and reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thermodynamics of human DNA ligase 1 trimerization and association with DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ The interaction between human DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) and DNA ligase 1 , which appear to be responsible for the gap filling and nick ligation steps in short patch or simple base excision repair , has been examined by affinity chromatography and analytical ultracentrifugation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Klenow fragment and DNA polymerase beta showed no discontinuous DNA synthesis , although at much higher amounts of each enzyme , discontinuous synthesis was seen for both . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In mammalian cell nuclear extract , BER can be mediated by a macromolecular complex containing DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) and DNA ligase 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These cerebrosides selectively inhibited the activities of replicative DNA polymerases , especially the alpha type , from phylogenetically broad eukaryotic species , whereas they hardly influenced the activities of DNA polymerase beta , prokaryotic DNA polymerases , terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase , HIV reverse transcriptase , RNA polymerase , deoxyribonuclease 1 , and ATPase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We subsequently demonstrated that the concerted reactions of polynucleotide kinase and purified human DNA ligase 1 could efficiently repair DNA nicks possessing 3 ' phosphate and 5 ' hydroxyl termini , and similarly the combination of these two enzymes together with purified rat DNA polymerase beta could seal a strand break with a 1 nt gap . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The role of DNA polymerase beta in base excision repair is well established for mammalian systems , but in yeast , DNA polymerase delta appears to fulfill that function . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Probing the binding region of the single stranded DNA binding domain of rat DNA polymerase beta using nanosecond pulse laser induced cross linking and mass spectrometry . ^^^ In this paper , we present our results from a photocross linking study of the complex of the single stranded DNA binding domain of rat DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ss ) with the oligonucleotide d ( ATATATA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Wheat DNA polymerase CI : a homologue of rat DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ This enzyme shares some biochemical properties with animal DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overexpression of genes involved in base excision repair ( N methylpurine DNA glycosylase , apurinic endonuclease , DNA polymerase beta ) is in most cases not beneficial in increasing the protection level , whereas their down modulation or inactivation increases cellular sensitivity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By using pre steady state kinetic methods , we examined the incorporation of the diphosphate of PMPA , 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxyadenosine 5 ' triphosphate ( ddATP ) , and dATP catalyzed by wild type human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) reverse transcriptase , an exonuclease deficient T 7 DNA polymerase ( T 7 exo ) , and wild type rat DNA polymerase beta in order to evaluate the selectivity of PMPA as an antiviral inhibitor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overexpression of DNA polymerase beta in cell results in a mutator phenotype and a decreased sensitivity to anticancer drugs . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) is the most error prone of all known eukaryotic DNA polymerases tested in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two distinct pathways for completion of base excision repair ( BER ) have been discovered in eukaryotes : the DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) dependent short patch pathway that involves the replacement of a single nucleotide and the long patch pathway that entails the resynthesis of 2 6 nucleotides and requires PCNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Excision of C 4 ' oxidized deoxyribose lesions from double stranded DNA by human apurinic / apyrimidinic endonuclease ( Ape 1 protein ) and DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ We investigated whether two human DNA repair enzymes can mediate OAS excision in vitro : Ape 1 protein ( the main human abasic endonuclease ( also called Hap 1 , Apex , or Ref 1 ) ) and DNA polymerase beta , which carries out both the abasic excision and the resynthesis steps . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta excised the 5 ' terminal OAS formed by Ape 1 incision at a rate similar to its removal of unmodified abasic residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The DNA repair markers like unscheduled DNA synthesis ( UDS ) , activities of DNA polymerase beta and of two endodeoxy ribonucleases , ( UV and AP DNases ) were assessed under different conditions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The use of human DNA polymerase beta to increase Ape 1 activity by eliminating the incision product supports this conclusion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have measured the dose response for arsenic inhibition of several purified human DNA repair enzymes , including DNA polymerase beta , DNA ligase 1 and DNA ligase 3 and have found that most enzymes , even those with critical SH groups , are very insensitive to As . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human DNA polymerase beta recognizes single stranded DNA using two different binding modes . ^^^ Interactions between the human DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) and a single stranded ( ss ) DNA have been studied using the quantitative fluorescence titration technique . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that while both topoisomerase 2 and DNA polymerase beta colocalize in two antipodal sites flanking the kDNA during replication , they behave differently at other times . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Elimination of the DNA polymerase beta ( polbeta ) dependent single nucleotide base excision repair pathway in extracts prepared from polbeta deficient mouse cells resulted in extension of the repair gap to 4 5 nucleotides 3 ' to the lesion in 50 % of the repair events , suggesting the increased involvement of the long patch repair pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have analyzed the mutational spectra produced during in vitro DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase alpha primase and DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MsEPV genes with putative functions in prevention and repair of DNA damage include a complete base excision repair pathway ( uracil DNA glycosylase , AP endonuclease , DNA polymerase beta , and an NAD+ dependent DNA ligase ) , a photoreactivation repair pathway ( cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase ) , a LINE type reverse transcriptase , and a mutT homologue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A synthetic template containing a single 8 oxoG lesion was first treated with different one electron oxidants or under singlet oxygen conditions and then subjected to primer extension catalyzed by Klenow fragment exo ( Kf exo ) , calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha ( pol alpha ) or human DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two mammalian enzymes , DNA polymerase alpha and DNA polymerase beta , were used . ^^^ DNA polymerase alpha is a processive enzyme believed to be the primary lagging stand synthetase , whereas DNA polymerase beta is a non processive enzyme believed to function in DNA repair by filling single stranded gaps one base at a time . ^^^ Furthermore , the guanine specific pattern of arrests produced when an exonuclease free preparation of DNA polymerase beta was used corresponded exactly to the arrest patterns produced in vitro by the exonuclease free enzyme Sequenase and ex vivo by Taq polymerase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Base substituted photoreactive dUTP analogs were used as substrates for elongation of radiolabeled template primer by DNA polymerase beta in the absence or in the presence of RPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
With the small gap filling human DNA polymerase beta , which lacks intrinsic exonucleolytic activity , primer extension proceeds to the nucleotide opposite the lesion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These characteristics are also found in several genes important in the regulation of cell growth or DNA synthesis , such as transforming growth factor beta 1 , c Ha ras , nerve growth factor , epidermal growth factor receptor , and DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lithocholic acid , a putative tumor promoter , inhibits mammalian DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Base excision repair of DNA lesions caused by the DNA methylating agents requires DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The fidelity of DNA polymerase beta during distributive and processive DNA synthesis . ^^^ During base excision repair , DNA polymerase beta fills 1 6 nucleotide gaps processively , reflecting a contribution of both its 8 and 31 kDa domains to DNA binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Azido 3 ' deoxythymidine resistant mutants of DNA polymerase beta identified by in vivo selection . ^^^ We developed an in vivo selection to identify 3 ' azido 3 ' deoxythymidine ( AZT ) resistant mutants of rat DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have reconstituted this single residue replacement pathway with recombinant proteins , including the AP endonuclease HAP1 / APE , DNA polymerase beta , and DNA ligase 3 XRCC 1 heterodimer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , in estrogen induced kidney tumors in hamsters , several mutations have been observed in the DNA polymerase beta gene mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The compound , temporarily designated KM 043 , potently inhibited the activities of mammalian DNA polymerase alpha ( pol . alpha ) and DNA polymerase beta ( pol . beta ) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase ( TdT ) , and moderately , human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase ( HIV RT ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Alkylresorcinols from Panopsis rubescens that inhibit DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Bioassay guided fractionation of Panopsis rubescens , using an assay to detect DNA polymerase beta inhibition , led to the isolation of two new bis 5 alkylresorcinols ( 1 and 2 ) , in addition to one known bis 5 alkylresorcinol ( 3 ) . ^^^ Compounds 1 3 exhibited potent inhibition of calf thymus DNA polymerase beta , with IC 50 values of 7 . 5 , 6 . 5 , and 5 . 8 microM , respectively . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cells deficient in DNA polymerase beta are hypersensitive to alkylating agent induced apoptosis and chromosomal breakage . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) , which is involved in base excision repair , was investigated for its role in protection of cells against various genotoxic agents and cytostatic drugs using beta pol knockout mouse fibroblasts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Involvement of phenylalanine 272 of DNA polymerase beta in discriminating between correct and incorrect deoxynucleoside triphosphates . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta is a small monomeric polymerase that participates in base excision repair and meiosis [ Sobol , R . , et al . ( 1996 ) Nature 379 , 183 186 ; Plug , A . , et al . ( 1997 ) Proc . ^^^ A DNA polymerase beta mutator mutant , F272L , was identified by an in vivo genetic screen [ Washington , S . , et al . ( 1997 ) Proc . ^^^ Residue 272 is located within the deoxynucleoside triphosphate ( dNTP ) binding pocket of DNA polymerase beta according to the known DNA polymerase beta crystal structures [ Pelletier , H . , et al . ( 1994 ) Science 264 , 1891 1893 ; Sawaya , M . , et al . ( 1997 ) Biochemistry 36 , 11205 11215 ] . ^^^ Single enzyme turnover studies of misincorporation by wild type and F272L DNA polymerase beta demonstrate that there is a 4 fold decrease in fidelity of the mutant as compared to that of the wild type enzyme for a G : A mismatch . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sensitized photomodification of mammalian DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ A base substituted analog of TTP containing a pyrene group ( PyrdUTP ) was synthesized and used as an active site bound photosensitizer for photoaffinity modification of DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) . 5 ' [ 32P ] labeled primer was elongated in situ by pol beta with a photoreactive analog of TTP ( FAB 4 dUTP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Repetitive use of a phosphate binding module in DNA polymerase beta , Oct 1 POU domain and phage repressors . ^^^ We analyzed the modular organization of DNA polymerase beta and found that residues making contact with DNA phosphates were localized to five modules . ^^^ Structural comparison of these phosphate binding modules against others in transcription factors and DNA manipulation enzymes revealed that DNA polymerase beta , the Oct 1 POU domain , 434 Cro and the Arc repressor have a phosphate binding module with 3D structures similar to one another . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Role of DNA polymerase beta in the excision step of long patch mammalian base excision repair . ^^^ Whereas DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) is known to participate in the single nucleotide BER pathway , the identity of polymerases involved in long patch BER has remained unclear . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta was found to be the primary polymerase responsible for nucleotide incorporation at the lesion site following excision of the 3 ' PG blocking group . ^^^ In addition , repair reactions catalyzed by DNA polymerase beta were found to be most effective in the presence of DNA ligase 3 , while those catalyzed by DNA polymerase delta / straightepsilon appeared to be more effective in the presence of DNA ligase 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Action at a distance ' ' mutagenesis . 8 oxo 7 , 8 dihydro 2 ' deoxyguanosine causes base substitution errors at neighboring template sites when copied by DNA polymerase beta . 8 Oxo 7 , 8 dihydro 2 ' deoxyguanosine ( 8 oxo dG ) , a common oxidative DNA lesion , favors a syn conformation in DNA , enabling formation of stable 8 oxo dG . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overexpression of DNA polymerase beta : a genomic instability enhancer process . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) is the most inaccurate of the six DNA polymerases found in mammalian cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutator phenotype of BCR ABL transfected Ba / F3 cell lines and its association with enhanced expression of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Furthermore , we observed that BCR ABL transfection induced an overexpression of DNA polymerase beta , the most inaccurate of the mammalian DNA polymerases , as well as an increase in its activity , suggesting that inaccuracy of DNA replication may account for the observed mutator phenotype . ^^^ These data suggest that the Philadelphia abnormality confers a mutator phenotype and may have implications for the potential role of DNA polymerase beta in this process . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using a CC target site in the rat DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) gene and a thermostable restriction enzyme that cuts the wild type sequence but not the TT mutation , we demonstrate that the TT mutation can be preferentially amplified from plasmid DNA damaged by oxygen radicals but not other DNA damaging agents . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta expression differences in selected human tumors and cell lines . ^^^ We have shown recently that DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) provides a rate determining function during in vitro repair of abasic sites by one of the mammalian DNA base excision repair pathways . ^^^ This study reveals that the base excision repair enzyme DNA polymerase beta is up regulated in some types of adenocarcinomas and cell lines , but not in others . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Alteration of hMSH 2 and DNA polymerase beta genes in breast carcinomas and fibroadenomas . ^^^ We report evidence for expression of the wild type and a truncated form of DNA polymerase beta ( polbeta ) proteins , a base excision repair gene , in breast carcinomas and fibroadenomas , a benign breast disease . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Persimmon extract showed a weaker effect on DNA polymerase beta and slightly inhibited primase and DNA polymerase 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
With the use of DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) as a paradigm for family 10 polymerases , these homologies include both the catalytic core domain / subunit of each enzyme ( 31 kDa domain of pol beta and p 49 subunit of primase ) as well as the accessory domain / subunit ( 8 kDa domain of pol beta and p 58 subunit of primase ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In a reconstituted human DNA repair system containing DNA polymerase beta and DNA ligase 3 XRCC 1 , accurate rejoining of a 3 ' mismatched base residue at a single strand break is dependent on addition of the exonuclease . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This was verified by RNA blot analysis of DNA polymerase beta gene expression which was induced by myricetin in a dose dependent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lack of mutations in DNA polymerase beta of estradiol induced hamster kidney tumors : sequence of hamster DNA polymerase beta cDNA . ^^^ We examined the effects of estradiol ( E 2 ) , the natural estrogenic hormone , on the structure and expression of DNA polymerase beta ( DNA pol beta ) , a DNA repair gene , from E 2 induced primary kidney tumors of twelve Syrian hamsters , their metastases , and from kidney tissues surrounding the tumors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Base substitution specificity of DNA polymerase beta depends on interactions in the DNA minor groove . ^^^ To examine the hypothesis that interactions between a DNA polymerase and the DNA minor groove are critical for accurate DNA synthesis , we studied the fidelity of DNA polymerase beta mutants at residue Arg ( 283 ) , where arginine , which interacts with the minor groove at the active site , is replaced by alanine or lysine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The kinetoplast structure specific endonuclease 1 is related to the 5 ' exo / endonuclease domain of bacterial DNA polymerase 1 and colocalizes with the kinetoplast topoisomerase 2 and DNA polymerase beta during replication . ^^^ Although the protein does not contain a typical mitochondrial leader sequence , the enzyme is shown to colocalize with a type 2 DNA topoisomerase and a DNA polymerase beta at antipodal sites flanking the kinetoplast disc . ^^^ Cell synchronization studies with an epitope tagged construct show that the localization of the endonuclease to the antipodal sites varies in a cell cycle dependent manner similar to that of the DNA polymerase beta [ Johnson , C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cyanogenic glucoside , prunasin ( D mandelonitrile beta D glucoside ) , is a novel inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ A DNA polymerase beta ( pol . beta ) inhibitor has been isolated independently from two organisms ; a red perilla , Perilla frutescens , and a mugwort , Artemisia vulgaris . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By incorporating an SDS treatment after crosslinking , we report a significant improvement in the detection of two nuclear antigens ( i . e . ) the DNA binding proteins apurinic / apyrimidinic endonuclease and DNA polymerase beta ) and bromodeoxyuridine tagged DNA by indirect immunofluorescence of whole cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Harbinatic acid , a novel and potent DNA polymerase beta inhibitor from Hardwickia binata . ^^^ Bioassay guided fractionation of an active methyl ethyl ketone extract of Hardwickia binata , using an assay sensitive to DNA polymerase beta inhibition , resulted in the isolation of a potent inhibitor . ^^^ Compound 1 strongly inhibited calf thymus DNA polymerase beta , with an IC ( 50 ) value of 2 . 9 microM . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Variant forms of DNA polymerase beta in primary lung carcinomas . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) provides most of the gap filling synthesis at apurinic / apyrimidine sites of damaged DNA in the base excision repair pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Evidence for a DNA polymerase beta ( Pol 4 ) dependent pathway . ^^^ We transformed yeast with a series of linearized plasmids to examine the role of Pol 4 ( Pol 4 , DNA polymerase beta ) in repair at a variety of end configurations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA synthesis by either DNA polymerase beta or exonuclease deficient T 7 DNA polymerase produced deletions involving loss of from 1 to 8 of 9 or 15 of 17 repeats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Tyr 265 to Cys mutator mutant of DNA polymerase beta induces a mutator phenotype in mouse LN 12 cells . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta functions in both base excision repair and meiosis . ^^^ Using a complementation system , in which rat DNA polymerase beta substitutes for DNA polymerase 1 of Escherichia coli , we previously isolated a DNA polymerase beta mutant in which Tyr 265 was altered to Cys ( Y265C ) . ^^^ The Y265C mutant is dominant to wild type DNA polymerase beta and possesses an intrinsic mutator activity . ^^^ We now have expressed the wild type DNA polymerase and the Y265C mutator mutant in mouse LN 12 cells , which have endogenous DNA polymerase beta activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To understand why , unlike other DNA and RNA polymerases , they catalyze 2 ' 5 ' instead of 3 ' 5 ' phosphodiester bond formation , we used molecular modeling to compare the structure of the catalytic domain of DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) to that of a region of the P 69 isozyme of 2 5 ( A ) synthetase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mode analysis of a fatty acid molecule binding to the N terminal 8 kDa domain of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ We reported previously that long chain fatty acids are potent inhibitors of mammalian DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two new findings help to elucidate its role biochemical data suggest that this multidomain protein interacts not only with three different enzymes , but also with the nicked DNA itself , and NMR data reveal the structure of the domain that interacts with both DNA polymerase beta and DNA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta inhibitors from Sandoricum koetjape . ^^^ Bioassay guided fractionation of Sandoricum koetjape using an assay sensitive to DNA polymerase beta inhibition led to the isolation of three active compounds ( 1 3 ) having IC ( 50 ) values from 20 to 36 microM . ^^^ Derivatives 5 14 were prepared from compounds 1 and 2 ; derivatives 11 , 12 , and 13 showed activity against DNA polymerase beta with IC ( 50 ) values ranging from 16 to 36 microM . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclosporin A inhibits Ca2+ mediated upregulation of the DNA repair enzyme DNA polymerase beta in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells . ^^^ We identify the gene encoding the DNA repair enzyme DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) as a novel CsA sensitive transcription unit . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Repair synthesis catalysed by DNA polymerase beta at 1 nt gaps occurs in the main pathway of mammalian base excision repair . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta has no exonucleolytic proof reading ability , and exhibits high error frequency during DNA synthesis . ^^^ The resulting delay in joining after misincorporation by DNA polymerase beta during gap filling could allow for removal of the mismatched terminal residue by a distinct 3 ' exonuclease . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We identified the heterodimeric transcription factor ATF2 / CREB as constitutively binding to the essential cAMP response element ( CRE ) site within the Ca2+ regulated DNA polymerase beta promoter and contributing to the activation of this promoter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the contrary , the sequence fragments similar to the nucleotidyltransferase superfamily including DNA polymerase beta are not found in any RNA dependent RNA polymerase , suggesting their other lineage of polymerization motifs . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
New terpenes , lucidenic acid O ( 1 ) and lucidenic lactone ( 2 ) , prevented not only the activities of calf DNA polymerase alpha and rat DNA polymerase beta , but also these of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 10 ray repair cross complementing group 1 ( XRCC 1 ) protein plays a central role in the DNA base excision repair pathway by interacting with DNA ligase 3 and DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Functional mutation of DNA polymerase beta found in human gastric cancer inability of the base excision repair in vitro . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( polbeta ) is one of mammalian DNA polymerases and is known to be involved in a G : T / G : U mismatch repair . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Corrective role of autonomous 3 ' > 5 ' exonuclease in synthesis of DNA , catalyzed by DNA polymerase beta from rat liver ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The E249K mutator mutant of DNA polymerase beta extends mispaired termini . ^^^ The DNA polymerase beta mutant enzyme , which is altered from glutamic acid to lysine at position 249 , exhibits a mutator phenotype in primer extension assays and in the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase ( HSV tk ) forward mutation assay . ^^^ These results demonstrate that an enhanced ability to extend mispairs can produce a mutator phenotype and that the Glu 249 side chain of DNA polymerase beta is critical for mispair extension fidelity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two enzymes of base excision repair ( BER ) , uracil DNA glycosylase ( UDG ) and DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) , from HeLa cells co eluted from Superose 12 FPLC columns . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Translesion replication by DNA polymerase delta depends on processivity accessory proteins and differs in specificity from DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Under comparable conditions , DNA polymerase beta was unable to bypass the abasic site , unless its concentration was greatly increased . ^^^ Analysis of translesion replication products revealed a marked difference in the specificity of bypass : whereas 90 % of bypass events by DNA polymerase delta holoenzyme involved insertion of a dAMP residue opposite the abasic site , DNA polymerase beta tended to skip over the abasic site , producing mainly minus frameshifts ( 73 % ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Translesion replication by DNA polymerase beta is modulated by sequence context and stimulated by fork like flap structures in DNA . ^^^ By using synthetic oligonucleotides containing systematic variations of sequences flanking a synthetic abasic site , we show that translesion replication by the repair polymerase DNA polymerase beta is stimulated to a moderate extent by low stacking levels of the template nucleotides downstream of the lesion , combined with homopolymeric runs flanking the lesion both upstream and downstream . ^^^ A strong stimulation of translesion replication by DNA polymerase beta was seen when fork like flap structures were introduced into the DNA substrate downstream of the lesion . ^^^ These results suggest that DNA polymerase beta may participate in cellular DNA transactions involving higher order structures . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Protection against methylation induced cytotoxicity by DNA polymerase beta dependent long patch base excision repair . ^^^ Using a plasmid based uracil containing DNA substrate , we found that the long patch base excision repair ( BER ) activity of a wild type mouse fibroblast extract was partially inhibited by an antibody to DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using a HeLa cell nuclear extract ( NE ) based in vitro runoff transcription system , we have examined the effect of Sp 1 on the activation of a TATA containing chimeric DNA polymerase beta ( pAS 8 ) promoter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GTP incorporation by DNA polymerase beta is modified by active site residue Asn 279 . ^^^ To understand how the active site of a DNA polymerase might modulate the coding of 8 oxo 7 , 8 dihydrodeoxyguanine ( 8 oxodG ) , we performed steady state kinetic analyses using wild type DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) and two active site mutants . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta inhibitors from Baeckea gunniana . ^^^ Crude plant extracts were surveyed for their ability to inhibit DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Bioassay guided fractionation of the extract , using an assay to monitor the inhibitory potential of individual fractions toward DNA polymerase beta , led to the isolation of four active ursane and oleanane triterpenoids ( 1 4 ) . ^^^ Also isolated as a DNA polymerase beta inhibitor was oleanolic acid ( 3 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta inhibitors from Tetracera boiviniana . ^^^ Bioassay guided fractionation of an active methyl ethyl ketone extract of Tetracera boiviniana , using a sensitive assay to monitor DNA polymerase beta inhibition , resulted in the isolation of three known triterpenoids , betulinic acid ( 1 ) , 3 cis p coumaroyl maslinic acid ( 2 ) , and 3 trans p coumaroyl maslinic acid ( 3 ) . ^^^ Compounds 1 3 inhibited DNA polymerase beta with IC 50 values of 14 , 15 , and 4 . 2 microM in the presence of bovine serum albumin ( BSA ) and 6 . 5 , 7 . 5 , and 2 . 0 microM in the absence of BSA , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mice reconstituted with DNA polymerase beta deficient fetal liver cells are able to mount a T cell dependent immune response and mutate their Ig genes normally . ^^^ The ubiquitously expressed , error prone DNA polymerase beta ( polbeta ) plays a role in base excision repair , and the involvement of this molecule in the nonhomologous end joining ( NHEJ ) process of DNA repair has recently been demonstrated in yeast . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of in vitro DNA synthesis on oxidatively modified template by three DNA polymerases revealed that T 7 DNA polymerase and Klenow fragment of polymerase 1 from Escherichia coli were blocked mainly by oxidized pyrimidines in the template whereas some purines that were easily bypassed by the prokaryotic polymerases constituted a block for DNA polymerase beta from calf thymus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Backbone dynamics and refined solution structure of the N terminal domain of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Mammalian DNA polymerase beta functions in the base excision DNA repair pathway filling in short patches ( 1 5 nt ) in damaged DNA and removing deoxyribose 5 ' phosphate from the 5 ' side of damaged DNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
FEN 1 stimulation of DNA polymerase beta mediates an excision step in mammalian long patch base excision repair . ^^^ In single nucleotide BER , DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) accounts for both gap filling DNA synthesis and removal of the 5 ' deoxyribose phosphate ( dRP ) of the abasic site , whereas the involvement of various DNA polymerases in long patch BER is less well understood . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the other hand , oxazolone represents a blocking lesion when DNA synthesis is performed with DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Neonatal lethality with abnormal neurogenesis in mice deficient in DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( Polbeta ) has been implicated in base excision repair in mammalian cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
O 6 alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase or yeast AP endonuclease ) this approach has been successful in improving cellular protection from endogenous and exogenous mutagens , while overexpression of other enzymatic activities ( e . g . alkyl N purine glycosylase or DNA polymerase beta ) were detrimental and even produced a genome instability phenotype . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , the Ape 1 AP DNA footprint does not change along its reaction pathway upon active site coordination of Mg ( 2+ ) or in the presence of DNA polymerase beta ( polbeta ) , an interactive protein partner in AP site repair . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Domain specific interaction in the XRCC 1 DNA polymerase beta complex . ^^^ XRCC 1 ( 10 ray cross complementing group 1 ) is a DNA repair protein that forms complexes with DNA polymerase beta ( beta Pol ) , DNA ligase 3 and poly ADP ribose polymerase in the repair of DNA single strand breaks . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The efficiency and fidelity of translesion synthesis past cisplatin and oxaliplatin GpG adducts by human DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) is the only mammalian DNA polymerase identified to date that can catalyze extensive bypass of platinum DNA adducts in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An enzyme required in this pathway , DNA polymerase beta , was also down regulated . ^^^ In contrast , treatment of monocytes with a combination of ascorbate and alpha tocopherol up regulated base excision repair activity and expression of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Normal immune function in young and old DNA polymerase beta deficient mice . ^^^ The effect of the DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) deficiency on mitogenic response and cytokine production was studied in spleen lymphocytes from 4 5 and 20 22 month old beta pol ( / + ) mice and their age matched wild type littermates . ^^^ Thus , we found no evidence for alteration in immune function in DNA polymerase beta deficient mice , although they exhibit a decline in immunologic function with age . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The strongest of these anti inflammatory agents , 3 geranyl 4 hydroxy 5 ( 3 ' methyl 2 ' butenyl ) benzoic acid ( compound 1 ) , showed an inhibitory effect against enzymes involved in replication , such as calf DNA polymerase alpha ( pol . alpha ) , rat DNA polymerase beta ( pol . beta ) and one of the beta family polymerases , calf thymus terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase ( TdT ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Like a similar derivative of 2 ' deoxyuridine 5 ' triphosphate ( NAB dUTP ) , it was shown to be able to effectively substitute for dTTP in the synthesis of DNA catalyzed by eukaryotic DNA polymerase beta and to terminate DNA synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Autonomous 3 ' > 5 ' exonucleases can proofread for DNA polymerase beta from rat liver . ^^^ Such exonucleases from rat liver , calf thymus and Escherichia coli ( molecular masses of 28+ / 2 kDa ) are shown to increase more than 10 fold the accuracy of DNA polymerase beta ( the most inaccurate mammalian polymerase ) from rat liver in the course of reduplication of the primed DNA of bacteriophage phiX 174 amber 3 in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Biological response to ionizing radiation in mouse embryo fibroblasts with a targeted disruption of the DNA polymerase beta gene . ^^^ Base excision repair ( BER ) is carried out by two distinct pathways in mammalian cells , one dependent on DNA polymerase beta ( Polb ) and the other on proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( Pcna ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Minor groove interactions at the DNA polymerase beta active site modulate single base deletion error rates . ^^^ The structures of open and closed conformations of DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) suggests that the rate of single nucleotide deletions during synthesis may be modulated by interactions in the DNA minor groove that align the templating base with the incoming dNTP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We provided evidence that PARP 1 constitutively interacts with DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Using cell free extracts from mouse embryonic cells deficient in DNA polymerase beta , we demonstrated that DNA polymerase beta is involved in the repair of uracil derived AP sites via both the short and the long patch repair pathways . ^^^ When both PARP 1 and DNA polymerase beta were absent , the two repair pathways were dramatically affected , indicating that base excision repair was highly inefficient . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 10 ray repair cross complementing group 1 ( XRCC 1 ) protein plays a central role in the DNA base excision repair pathway by interacting with DNA ligase 3 and DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Identification and characterization of human DNA polymerase beta 2 , a DNA polymerase beta related enzyme . ^^^ Polymerase chain reaction based screening with degenerate primers targeted to the BRCT motif resulted in the isolation of a human cDNA for a previously unidentified DNA polymerase ( designated DNA polymerase beta 2 ) that is closely related to DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , AP 2 transcription factors , modulated by protein kinase A , are also implicated in cisplatin resistance by regulating genes encoding for DNA polymerase beta and metallothionines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta efficiently incorporated these analogues into synthetic primer template substrates in place of TTP , which allowed us to selectively introduce a photoreactive group at the 3 ' primer terminus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Finally , a 22 mer DNA oligomer bearing a 5 OH 5 Me dHyd residue was used as a template to study the in vitro nucleotide incorporation opposite the damage by the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli polymerase 1 , Taq DNA polymerase , and DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase 1 , DNA polymerase beta , and ligase 3 interact with 10 ray repair cross complementing protein 1 within the BER complex , which ensures that ATP is generated and specifically used for DNA ligation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta is required for efficient DNA strand break repair induced by methyl methanesulfonate but not by hydrogen peroxide . ^^^ We report here that mouse cells defective in the main BER DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) display a decreased rate of DNA single strand breaks ( ssb ) rejoining after methyl methanesulfonate damage when compared with wild type cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As expected , the catalytic domain of poly ( A ) polymerase shares substantial structural homology with other nucleotidyl transferases such as DNA polymerase beta and kanamycin transferase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Structural design of a eukaryotic DNA repair polymerase : DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta , the smallest eukaryotic DNA polymerase , is designed to synthesize DNA in short DNA gaps during DNA repair . ^^^ This domain has a modular organization with sub domains that bind duplex DNA , catalytic metals , and the correct nucleoside triphosphate in a template dependent manner . 10 ray crystal structures of DNA polymerase beta , with and without bound substrates , has inferred that domain , sub domain , and substrate conformational changes occur upon ligand binding . ^^^ This review will examine the structural aspects of DNA polymerase beta that facilitate its role in BER . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase alpha ( but not DNA polymerase beta ) and the characteristic nuclear expression of PCNA were both inhibited in the n butyrate treated IDL and C2C12 cells . n Butyrate , therefore , inhibited host and viral DNA synthesis in the undifferentiated cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Measurement of DNA polymerase beta and DNA polymerase beta revealed significant elevations in DNA polymerase beta ( 58 . 82 + / 3 . 67 units / mg protein in WSU CLL cells , as compared to 27 . 82 + / 4 . 39 units / mg protein in WIL 2 cells ; p < 0 . 01 ) but not DNA polymerase beta ( 0 . 82 + / 0 . 11 units / mg protein in WSU CLL cells , compared to 0 . 74 + / 0 . 09 units / mg protein in WIL 2 , p > 0 . 05 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inactivation of the PCNA binding site of DNA ligase 1 had no effect on its catalytic activity or its interaction with DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pentacyclic triterpenoids from Freziera sp . that inhibit DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ In a survey of crude plant extracts for DNA polymerase 1 inhibitors , a methyl ethyl ketone extract prepared from Freziera sp . exhibited potent inhibition of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Bioassay guided fractionation of the extract , guided by an assay to detect DNA polymerase beta inhibition , resulted in the isolation of six active pentacyclic triterpenoids ( 1 6 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activities of DNA polymerase beta , DNA ligase , and topoisomerase were found to increase in as early as the first week of NDEA treatment and reached the maximum at the fourth week , and thereafter declined to normal level by the eighth week of treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we report that all of these triterpenoids are potent inhibitors of calf DNA polymerase alpha , rat DNA polymerase beta and human DNA topoisomerases 1 and 2 , and show moderate inhibitory effects on plant DNA polymerase 2 and human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Nucleotide excision repair DNA synthesis by excess DNA polymerase beta : a potential source of genetic instability in cancer cells . ^^^ Using UV and cisplatin modified DNA templates , we measured in vitro that extracts from cells overexpressing the error prone DNA polymerase beta exhibited a five to sixfold increase of the ultimate DNA synthesis activity compared with control extracts and demonstrated the specific involvement of Pol beta in this step . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We describe here two novel mouse and human DNA polymerases : one ( pol lambda ) has homology with DNA polymerase beta while the other one ( pol mu ) is closer to terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hydrophobic interactions in the hinge domain of DNA polymerase beta are important but not sufficient for maintaining fidelity of DNA synthesis . ^^^ We previously described a general mutator form of mammalian DNA polymerase beta containing a cysteine substitution for tyrosine 265 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Under the same conditions , superoxide dismutase , catalase and the DNA repair enzymes apurinic endonuclease and DNA polymerase beta were not enhanced in expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Structure of lithocholic acid binding to the N terminal 8 kDa domain of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular action of lithocholic acid ( LCA ) , known as a selective inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Kinetic analysis of Sp 1 mediated transcriptional activation of the human DNA polymerase beta promoter . ^^^ In the present studies , we have examined the effect of Sp 1 on the activation of the human DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) , a TATA less promoter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lineweaver Burk plots of SQMG / SQDG indicated that DNA polymerase alpha was non competitively inhibited , but the SQMG / SQDG were effective as antagonists of both template primer DNA binding and nucleotide substrate binding of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A new 7 , 8 euphadien type triterpenoid from Brackenridgea nitida and Bleasdalea bleasdalei that inhibits DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Bioassay guided fractionation of extracts prepared from Brackenridgea nitida and Bleasdalea bleasdalei , using an assay to detect DNA polymerase beta inhibition , resulted in the isolation of the inhibitory principle , ( 24E ) 3beta hydroxy 7 , 24 euphadien 26 oic acid ( 1 ) , a new euphane triterpenoid . ^^^ Compound 1 inhibited rat DNA polymerase beta with an IC ( 50 ) value of 23 microM in the presence of bovine serum albumin ( BSA ) and 9 . 7 microM in the absence of BSA , consistent with the possibility that 1 may be of utility in vivo . ^^^ Compound 1 is the first euphane type triterpenoid found to inhibit DNA polymerase beta . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Structural homology between DNA binding sites of DNA polymerase beta and DNA topoisomerase 2 . ^^^ Unsaturated long chain fatty acids selectively bind to the DNA binding sites of DNA polymerase beta and DNA topoisomerase 2 , and inhibit their activities , although the amino acid sequences of these enzymes are markedly different from each other . ^^^ The four amino acid residues were Thr 596 , His 735 , Leu 741 and Lys 983 for yeast DNA topoisomerase 2 , corresponding to Thr 79 , His 51 , Leu 11 and Lys 35 for rat DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta : contributions of template positioning and dNTP triphosphate binding residues to catalysis and fidelity . ^^^ The specific catalytic roles of two groups of DNA polymerase beta active site residues identified from crystal structures were investigated : residues possibly involved in DNA template positioning ( Lys 280 , Asn 294 , and Glu 295 ) and residues possibly involved in binding the triphosphate moiety of the incoming dNTP ( Arg 149 , Ser 180 , Arg 183 , and Ser 188 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Loss of base excision repair in aging rat neurons and its restoration by DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Of the three polymerases tested ( calf thymus alpha polymerase , E . coli DNA polymerase 1 and rat liver DNA polymerase beta ) only polymerase beta gave consistent and encouraging results although the extension was slow and distributive in nature and mismatched primers were extended much less efficiently than the correctly paired primer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Y265H mutator mutant of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ One of these enzymes , DNA polymerase beta , offers a simple system to relate polymerase structure to the fidelity of DNA synthesis . ^^^ In this study , a mutator DNA polymerase beta , Y265H , was identified using an in vivo genetic screen . ^^^ These data suggest that proper geometric alignment of template , 3 ' OH of the primer , magnesium ions , dNTP substrates , and the active site residues of DNA polymerase beta are important factors in polymerase fidelity and provide the first evidence that Tyr 265 is important for this alignment to occur properly in DNA polymerase beta . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results suggest that DNA polymerase beta is closely related to abnormal replication when DNA polymerases alpha and delta are inhibited and that the effect of cytosol on DNA synthesis , as well as the DNA synthetic capacity of isolated nuclei , becomes lower in regenerating rat liver during ageing . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Stimulation of BER by p 53 is correlated with its ability to interact directly both with the AP endonuclease ( APE ) and with DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , its similarity to TdT , together with extrapolation to the crystal structure of DNA polymerase beta complexed ( Pol beta ) with DNA , allows us to discuss the structural basis for the unprecedented error proneness of Pol mu , and to predict that Pol mu is structurally well suited to participate also in DNA end filling steps occurring both during 5 ( D ) J recombination and repair of DNA double strand breaks that are processed by non homologous end joining . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : This study examines the effects of the HIV 1 regulatory proteins , Tat and Rev , on the expression of the DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) gene , which encodes a key protein in the DNA base excision repair pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human DNA polymerase beta initiates DNA synthesis during long patch repair of reduced AP sites in DNA . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) is responsible for the repair synthesis in this pathway and also removes a 5 ' sugar phosphate residue by catalyzing a beta elimination reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interactions of the 8 kDa domain of rat DNA polymerase beta with DNA . ^^^ Interactions between the isolated 8 kDa domain of the rat DNA polymerase beta and DNA have been studied , using the quantitative fluorescence titration technique . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of DNA structure on the catalytic efficiency and fidelity of human DNA polymerase beta on templates with platinum DNA adducts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Energetics and specificity of Rat DNA polymerase beta interactions with template primer and gapped DNA substrates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Insight into the catalytic mechanism of DNA polymerase beta : structures of intermediate complexes . ^^^ Here we report a functional intermediate structure of a DNA polymerase with only one metal ion bound , the DNA polymerase beta DNA template primer chromium ( 3 ) . 2 ' deoxythymidine 5 ' beta , gamma methylenetriphosphate [ Cr ( 3 ) . dTMPPCP ] complex , at 2 . 6 A resolution . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This site is distinct from the two antipodal positions at the perimeter of the disk that is occupied by DNA polymerase beta , topoisomerase 2 , and a structure specific endonuclease . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The C terminal part of the sequence includes 12 repeats , each repeat consisting of two similar but distinct helix hairpin helix motifs ; the same arrangement is seen in recombination protein RuvA and mammalian DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we report evidence for an enhanced activity of DNA polymerase beta , one of the repair enzymes , concomitant to the activation of the pathway phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase / AKT 1 ( PI 3 kinase / AKT 1 ) , which delivers a survival signal in Friend erythroleukemia cells exposed to 15 Gy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Enzymatic properties of rat DNA polymerase beta mutants obtained by randomized mutagenesis . ^^^ We have used random sequence mutagenesis to generate mutants of DNA polymerase beta in an effort to identify amino acid residues important for function , catalytic efficiency and fidelity of replication . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We observed potent inhibitory action of the triphosphate of 4 ' thio FAC ( 4 ' thio FACTP ) against DNA polymerase alpha , whereas it showed moderate inhibition of DNA polymerase beta and little inhibition of DNA polymerase gamma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have investigated the ability of recombinant forms of kinetoplast replication proteins , DNA polymerase beta and structure specific endonuclease 1 , to repair gaps in a model minicircle substrate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta mediated long patch base excision repair . ^^^ To further understand the role of PARP 1 in BER , we examined the DNA synthesis and flap excision steps in long patch BER using a reconstituted system containing a 34 base pair BER substrate and five purified human enzymes : uracil DNA glycosylase , apurinic / apyrimidinic endonuclease , DNA polymerase beta , flap endonuclease 1 ( FEN 1 ) , and PARP 1 . ^^^ PARP 1 stimulates strand displacement DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase beta in this system ; this stimulation is dependent on the presence of FEN 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pivotal to this process is the 5 ' deoxyribose 5 phosphate lyase ( dRP lyase ) activity of DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A novel role of XRCC 1 in the functions of a DNA polymerase beta variant . ^^^ In the base excision repair pathway , wild type DNA polymerase beta ( WT polbeta ) provides most of the gap filling synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta : pre steady state kinetic analyses of dATP alpha S stereoselectivity and alteration of the stereoselectivity by various metal ions and by site directed mutagenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta is not essential for the formation of palindromic ( P ) region of T cell receptor gene . ^^^ Formation of palindromic ( P ) region at the variable ( 5 ) diversity ( D ) joining ( J ) junction in DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) deficient mice were investigated by sequencing of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) products of mRNAs encoding the beta chain of T cell receptor ( TCR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MCF 7 ( human breast carcinoma cells ) and mutants transfected with the DNA polymerase beta gene were tested for response to cisplatin , radiation and combined treatments . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Antitumor activity of 2 ' , 3 ' dideoxycytidine nucleotide analog against tumors up regulating DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) , an error prone DNA synthesizing enzyme tightly down regulated in healthy somatic cells , has been shown to be overexpressed in many human tumors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overexpression of the 5 ' deoxyribophosphodiesterase ( dRPase ) domain of DNA polymerase beta , on the one hand , and of yeast APN 1 protein , containing an efficient 3 ' repair activity , on the other , may lead to improved BER in mammals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fidelity of uracil initiated base excision DNA repair in DNA polymerase beta proficient and deficient mouse embryonic fibroblast cell extracts . ^^^ Uracil initiated base excision DNA repair was conducted using homozygous mouse embryonic fibroblast DNA polymerase beta ( + / + ) and ( / ) cells to determine the error frequency and mutational specificity associated with the completed repair process . ^^^ Efficient repair was observed in both DNA polymerase beta ( + / + ) and ( / ) cell free extracts . ^^^ Addition of p 21 peptide or protein to DNA polymerase beta ( + / + ) cell free extracts increased the frequency of short patch ( 1 nucleotide ) repair by approximately 2 fold . ^^^ T ) DNA was determined to be 5 . 7 7 . 2 10 10 ( 4 ) when using DNA polymerase beta ( + / + ) and ( / ) cell free extracts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA ligase 1 interacts directly with proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) and DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) , linking this enzyme with both short patch and long patch BER . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Extension of these studies suggests that DNA polymerase beta plays a critical role not only in the short patch repair process but also in the long patch , PCNA dependent pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A DNA polymerase beta mutator mutant with reduced nucleotide discrimination and increased protein stability . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) offers a simple system to examine the role of polymerase structure in the fidelity of DNA synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Oligonucleotides bearing a photoreactive arylazido group at the 3 ' end of the primer were synthesized in situ by the action of DNA polymerase beta using base substituted photoreactive dUTP analogs as the substrates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta imbalance increases apoptosis and mutagenesis induced by oxidative stress . ^^^ Elevated expression of DNA polymerase beta , an event found in many human tumors , has been shown to generate a mutator phenotype . ^^^ Here , we demonstrated that overexpression of DNA polymerase beta strengthens the mutagenicity of oxidative damages , concomitantly with a higher cellular sensitivity and increased apoptosis . ^^^ Deregulated expression of DNA polymerase beta could represent a predisposition factor for mutagenic effects of oxidative stress and thus have implication in the generation and / or evolution of cancer . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Enhanced expression and activity of DNA polymerase beta in human ovarian tumor cells : impact on sensitivity towards antitumor agents . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta , one of the most inaccurate DNA synthesizing enzymes , has been shown to confer genetic instability when up regulated in cells , a situation found in several human cancers . ^^^ Such features being molecular signatures of DNA polymerase beta , these findings suggest that deregulation of its expression in cancer cells may contribute to the modulation of the response to antitumor treatments and therefore to tumor progression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An oligonucleotide substrate containing a reduced abasic site , which was pre incised with APE 1 , was employed to reconstitute the excision step of long patch BER with purified human DNA polymerase beta and FEN 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A photoreactive dUMP derivative was added to the 3 ' end of a gap flanking oligonucleotide with DNA polymerase beta , and an oligonucleotide containing a 5 ' photoreactive group was chemically synthesized . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta mediates protection of mammalian cells against ganciclovir induced cytotoxicity and DNA breakage . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
APE 1 initially cleaves the DNA and then facilitates the sequential binding and catalysis by DNA polymerase beta , DNA polymerase delta , FEN 1 , and DNA ligase 1 . ^^^ Differential regulation by p 21 is likely to relate to the utilization of DNA polymerase beta , which is not sensitive to p 21 , in the repair pathway . ^^^ APE 1 initially cleaves the DNA and then facilitates the sequential binding and catalysis by DNA polymerase beta , DNA polymerase delta , FEN 1 , and DNA ligase 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Site specific photomodification of elongation complex of DNA polymerase beta with arylazide derivatives of primers sensitized with fluorescent ATP gamma amide ] . ^^^ These compounds were used as sensitizers of site specific photomodification of the reconstituted elongating complex of the mammalian DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A plant phytotoxin , solanapyrone A , is an inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta and lambda . ^^^ Solanapyrone A , a phytotoxin and enzyme inhibitor isolated from a fungus ( SUT 01B1 2 ) selectively inhibits the activities of mammalian DNA polymerase beta and lambda ( pol beta and lambda ) in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three dimensional structural model analysis of the binding site of lithocholic acid , an inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta and DNA topoisomerase 2 . ^^^ The molecular action of lithocholic acid ( LCA ) , a selective inhibitor of mammalian DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) , was investigated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta is the major dRP lyase involved in repair of oxidative base lesions in DNA by mammalian cell extracts . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) was implicated recently as the major polymerase involved in repair of oxidative base lesions ; however , the identity of the lyase participating in the repair of oxidative lesions is unclear . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interaction of DNA polymerase beta with GRIP 1 during meiosis . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) is an essential enzyme that has been shown to localize as discrete foci to the synaptonemal complex during meiosis in the mouse . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Base excision repair ( BER ) capacity and the level of DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) are higher in mouse monocyte cell extracts when cells are treated with oxidative stress inducing agents . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Loss of DNA polymerase beta stacking interactions with templating purines , but not pyrimidines , alters catalytic efficiency and fidelity . ^^^ Upon binding a correct deoxynucleoside triphosphate , alpha helix N of DNA polymerase beta is observed to form one face of the binding pocket for the new base pair . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta may be the main player for defective DNA repair in aging rat neurons . ^^^ The activity of DNA polymerase beta , the most predominant DNA polymerase in neurons that is generally considered to be a short patch repair enzyme , shows a significant decrease in aging neurons . ^^^ These findings are taken to indicate an age dependent decline in the DNA repair capacity of neurons and that DNA polymerase beta is a key player in the DNA repair mechanisms of nerve cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using a gene specific assay based upon the presence of Escherichia coli Fpg protein sensitive sites , we noted that animals with stroke exhibited six and four ODLs per gene in the actin and DNA polymerase beta genes , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although dL residues are efficiently incised by the main human abasic endonuclease enzyme Ape 1 , we show here that subsequent excision by human DNA polymerase beta is impaired at dL compared with unmodified abasic sites . ^^^ Covalent trapping of human DNA polymerase beta by the oxidative DNA lesion 2 deoxyribonolactone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
X ray repair cross complementing gene 1 protein plays an important role in camptothecin resistance . 10 ray repair cross complementing gene 1 protein ( XRCC 1 ) in complex with DNA polymerase beta , DNA ligase 3 , and poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase is important in the base excision repair process . ^^^ In this study , we found the expression levels of XRCC 1 protein in KB 100 and KB 300 were > or =5 fold more than in their respective revertant cell lines , whereas there was no difference in the expression of XRCC 1 associated proteins such as DNA polymerase beta , DNA ligase 3 , poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase , and apurinic / apyrimidinic endonuclease . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of the pro apoptotic proteins , p 53 and p 21 ( waf 1 ) , and DNA repair enzymes , apurinic / apyrimidinic endonuclease ( APE ( ref 1 ) ) and DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) were quantitatively determined by Western blotting analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The crystal structure of the catalytic core of murine terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase ( TdT ) at 2 . 35 A resolution reveals a typical DNA polymerase beta like fold locked in a closed form . ^^^ In addition , the structures of two different binary complexes , one with an oligonucleotide primer and the other with an incoming ddATP Co ( 2+ ) complex , show that the substrates and the two divalent ions in the catalytic site are positioned in TdT in a manner similar to that described for the human DNA polymerase beta ternary complex , suggesting a common two metal ions mechanism of nucleotidyl transfer in these two proteins . ^^^ The inability of TdT to accommodate a template strand can be explained by steric hindrance at the catalytic site caused by a long lariat like loop , which is absent in DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Involvement of DNA polymerase beta in DNA replication and mutagenic consequences . ^^^ Overexpression in mammalian cells of the error prone DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) has been found to increase the spontaneous mutagenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human apurinic / apyrimidinic endonuclease ( APE 1 ) is an essential enzyme in DNA base excision repair that cuts the DNA backbone immediately adjacent to the 5 ' side of abasic sites to facilitate repair synthesis by DNA polymerase beta ( ref . 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One contributing factor is the abundance of DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) , an enzyme required for BER , which was almost absent in p 53 mutant and p 53 null cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found and report here that it is a potent inhibitor of calf DNA polymerase alpha ( IC ( 50 ) =7 . 7 microM ) and rat DNA polymerase beta ( IC ( 50 ) =12 . 9 microM ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Mammalian DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) is a single polypeptide chain enzyme of 39kDa . beta pol has enzymatic activities appropriate for roles in base excision repair and other DNA metabolism events involving gap filling DNA synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By testing polymerase activity on non damaged and damaged DNA , DNA polymerase lambda was purified trough five chromatographic steps to near homogeneity and identified as a 67 kDa polypeptide that cross reacted with monoclonal antibodies against DNA polymerase beta and polyclonal antibodies against DNA polymerase lambda . ^^^ DNA polymerase lambda had no detectable nuclease activities and , in contrast to DNA polymerase beta , was aphidicolin sensitive . ^^^ DNA polymerase lambda was a 6 fold more accurate enzyme in an M13mp2 forward mutation assay and 5 fold more accurate in an M13mp2T90 reversion system than human recombinant DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA duplication and cell growth can only be completely blocked if ddTTP , an inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta , is given together with aphidicolin . ^^^ This result implies that an aphidicolin resistant DNA polymerase , such as the repair associated DNA polymerase beta , can mediate DNA synthesis during endoreduplication and can substitute for polymerases alpha and delta when the latter are inhibited . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Deficiency in DNA polymerase beta provokes replication dependent apoptosis via DNA breakage , Bcl 2 decline and caspase 3 / 9 activation . ^^^ Cells deficient in DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) are impaired in base excision repair ( BER ) and hypersensitive to various DNA damaging agents , including methylating mutagens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Attenuation of DNA polymerase beta dependent base excision repair and increased DMS induced mutagenicity in aged mice . ^^^ We find in all tissues tested ( brain , liver , spleen and testes ) , the ability to repair damage is significantly reduced ( 50 75 % ; P < 0 . 01 ) with age , and that the reduction in repair capacity seen with age correlates with decreased levels of DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) enzymatic activity , protein and mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have found that an 8 oxoguanine located opposite to an abasic site does not affect either the efficiency or fidelity of repair synthesis by DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ In contrast , an 8 oxoguanine located one nucleotide 3 ' downstream of the abasic site significantly reduces both strand displacement synthesis supported by DNA polymerase beta or delta and cleavage by flap endonuclease of the generated flap , thus inhibiting the long patch base excision repair pathway . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The p 58 subunit of human DNA primase contains a region , M 288 K344 , that is homologous to part of the 8 kDa domain of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PARP 2 was also found to interact with three other proteins involved in the base excision repair pathway : 10 ray cross complementing factor 1 ( XRCC 1 ) , DNA polymerase beta , and DNA ligase 3 , already known as partners of PARP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Deregulated DNA polymerase beta strengthens ionizing radiation induced nucleotidic and chromosomal instabilities . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) is an error prone enzyme which has been found to be overexpressed in several human tumors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The large scale opening motion of mammalian DNA polymerase beta is followed at atomic resolution by dynamic simulations that link crystal `` closed ' ' and `` open ' ' conformations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Splice variants but not mutations of DNA polymerase beta are common in bladder cancer . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( POLbeta ) is a highly conserved protein that functions in base excision repair . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The DNA polymerase beta replication error spectrum in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene contains human colon tumor mutational hotspots . ^^^ We have found a significant concordance between the in vitro replication errors of human DNA polymerase beta and in vivo point mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli ( APC ) gene that leads to colon cancer . ^^^ We determined the error spectrum of DNA polymerase beta in the human APC gene under PCR conditions and compared it with the set of mutations reported in human colon tumors . ^^^ These data support the hypothesis that DNA polymerase beta errors are an important fraction of cancer causing APC mutations . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The K ( 1 ) of DNA polymerase beta for SCUL A was 12 microM and that for DNA polymerase alpha , 16 microM . ^^^ Therefore , deletion of the OH group at C 12 enhanced inhibition of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Heterogeneity in expression of DNA polymerase beta and DNA repair activity in human tumor cell lines . ^^^ The 39 kDa DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) is an essential enzyme in short patch base excision repair pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Deregulated DNA polymerase beta induces chromosome instability and tumorigenesis . ^^^ We report here that ectopic expression in cells of DNA polymerase beta , an error prone enzyme frequently over regulated in human tumors , induces aneuploidy , an abnormal localization of the centrosome associated gamma tubulin protein during mitosis , a deficient mitotic checkpoint , and promotes tumorigenesis in nude immunodeficient mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , the related mammalian DNA polymerase beta does not form a complex with Ku and XRCC 4 ligase 4 and is less effective than pol mu in facilitating joining mediated by these factors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The role of DNA polymerase beta in determining sensitivity to ionizing radiation in human tumor cells . ^^^ We retrovirally transduced human tumor cells with a dominant negative form of DNA polymerase beta , comprising the 14 kDa DNA binding domain of DNA polymerase beta but lacking polymerase function . ^^^ These results contrast with the lack of effect seen in DNA polymerase beta knockout cells , suggesting that polDN also inhibits the long patch , DNA polymerase beta independent repair pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hormonal regulation of DNA polymerase beta activity and expression in rat adrenal glands and testes . ^^^ We investigated whether DNA polymerase beta activity and expression in rat adrenal glands and testes are controlled by the cAMP dependent protein kinase ( A kinase ) phosphorylation system in addition to anterior pituitary hormones . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta mRNA expression in rat testes was decreased by hypophysectomy and recovered with administration of gonadotropic hormone , suggesting that this enzyme is controlled at the mRNA level by this pituitary hormone . ^^^ In addition , DNA polymerase beta activity in the adrenal glands and testes and the amount of mRNA in the testes increased when cAMP was administered to the normal rat . ^^^ Moreover , when alkaline phosphatase was added to the assay system in vitro , a decrease in DNA polymerase beta activity was observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Low expression of DNA polymerase beta in human testicular germ cell tumours impact on foetal gonocytic origin theory . ^^^ Analysis of telomeric length and DNA polymerase beta expression suggests that seminoma and nonseminoma , two main histological types of TGCTs , derive independently from transformed foetal primordial cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Threonine 79 is a hinge residue that governs the fidelity of DNA polymerase beta by helping to position the DNA within the active site . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) is an ideal system for studying the role of its different amino acid residues in the fidelity of DNA synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta mRNA determination by relative quantitative RT PCR from Leishmania infantum intracellular amastigotes . ^^^ We obtained and analyzed L . infantum DNA polymerase beta ( Li Pol beta ) , a suitable enzyme for differential expression studies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A study of DNA polymerase beta mutation in human esophageal cancer ] . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : To investigate whether DNA polymerase beta ( POLB ) gene mutations occur in esophageal cancer . ^^^ Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) , single strand conformation polymorphism ( SSCP ) and sequence analysis were used to examine the DNA polymerase beta genes . ^^^ CONCLUSION : DNA polymerase beta gene mutations are discovered in human esophageal carcinoma for the first time . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A photoactive 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 tetrafluoro 4 azidobenzoyl ( FAB ) group was incorporated at the 3 ; end of 5 ; [ 32P ] DNA primers synthesized by DNA polymerase beta or Tte in the presence of one of the dTTP analogs FAB 4 dUTP , FAB 9 dUTP , or FAB 4 ddUTP . ^^^ Using 10 fold molar excess of photoreagent to DNA polymerase beta , the labeling efficiency was shown to achieve 60 % , which is 2 fold higher than the efficiency of the direct DNA polymerase labeling under harsher conditions ( 334 365 nm ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mitochondrial DNA polymerase beta from Crithidia fasciculata has 5 ' deoxyribose phosphate ( dRP ) lyase activity but is deficient in the release of dRP . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) has long been described as a nuclear enzyme involved in DNA repair . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Local deformations revealed by dynamics simulations of DNA polymerase Beta with DNA mismatches at the primer terminus . ^^^ Nanosecond dynamics simulations for DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) / DNA complexes with three mismatched base pairs , namely GG , CA , or CC ( primer / template ) at the DNA polymerase active site , are performed to investigate the mechanism of polymerase opening and how the mispairs may affect the DNA extension step ; these trajectories are compared to the behavior of a pol beta / DNA complex with the correct GC base pair , and assessed with the aid of targeted molecular dynamics ( TMD ) simulations of all systems from the closed to the open enzyme state . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Misalignment mediated DNA polymerase beta mutations : comparison of microsatellite and frame shift error rates using a forward mutation assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present investigation , we treated isogenic mouse embryonic fibroblast ( MEF ) cell lines containing wild type ( MEF polbeta ) or DNA polymerase beta ( polbeta ) gene knockout ( MEFpolbetaKO ) with oxidative DNA damaging agent , plumbagin , and examined its effect on p 21 levels and BER activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Induction of DNA polymerase beta dependent base excision repair in response to oxidative stress in vivo . ^^^ Strong evidence supports the requirement of DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) in the BER pathway involving single nucleotide gap filling DNA synthesis in mammalian systems . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Weak strand displacement activity enables human DNA polymerase beta to expand CAG / CTG triplet repeats at strand breaks . ^^^ Using synthetic DNA constructs in vitro , we find that human DNA polymerase beta effectively catalyzes CAG / CTG triplet repeat expansions by slippage initiated at nicks or 1 base gaps within short ( 14 triplet ) repeat tracts in DNA duplexes under physiological conditions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
XRCC 1 functions as a scaffold protein by interacting and modulating polypeptide components of the single strand break repair machinery , including AP endonuclease 1 , DNA ligase IIIalpha , poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase , DNA polymerase beta and human polynucleotide kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The utility of structure based combinatorial protein engineering ( SCOPE ) was demonstrated by its application to two distantly related members of the 10 family of DNA polymerases : rat DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) and African swine fever virus DNA polymerase 10 ( Pol 10 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Use of 2 aminopurine and tryptophan fluorescence as probes in kinetic analyses of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Although the use of 2 aminopurine ( 2 AP ) as a probe in stopped flow analyses of DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) had provided important mechanistic insight , the conditions used were limited by the location of 2 AP and the use of a combination of tryptophan ( Trp ) and 2 AP fluorescence . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Incorporation of the amino acid proceeded with reasonable efficiency at codon position 10 but less well at position 27 . ( Aminooxy ) acetic acid was also incorporated into position 72 of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An analysis of the efficiency of dNTP ( correct and incorrect ) insertion for a low fidelity mutant of DNA polymerase beta ( R283A ) and exonuclease deficient DNA polymerases from five families derived from a variety of biological sources reveals that a strong correlation exists between the ability to synthesize DNA and the probability that the polymerase will make a mistake ( i . e . base substitution error ) . ^^^ In contrast to the loss of fidelity observed with the catalytically inefficient R283A mutant , the fidelity of another inefficient mutant of DNA polymerase beta ( G274P ) is not altered . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A role for DNA polymerase beta in mutagenic UV lesion bypass . ^^^ We report here that DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) , the base excision repair polymerase , is highly expressed in human melanoma tissues , known to be associated with UV radiation exposure . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results indicate that while DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) is the predominant enzyme , significant levels of DNA polymerases alpha and delta / epsilon ( pols alpha and delta / epsilon ) are also present in both cell types at all the post natal ages studied . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show that exposure of cultured cortical neurons to beta amyloid induces the expression of DNA polymerase beta , proliferating cell nuclear antigen , and the p 49 and p 58 subunits of DNA primase . ^^^ Similar effects are observed by knocking down DNA polymerase beta or by using dideoxycytidine , a preferential inhibitor of this enzyme . ^^^ Thus , the reparative enzyme DNA polymerase beta unexpectedly mediates a large component of de novo DNA synthesis and apoptotic death in neurons exposed to beta amyloid . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Monocytes and DNA polymerase beta were monitored by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ The transient appearance of DNA polymerase beta in photoreceptors under these experimental conditions further suggests nuclear repair . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , we demonstrate that the excision repair pathway of an abasic site can be reconstituted on core particles using the known repair enzymes , AP endonuclease 1 , DNA polymerase beta and DNA ligase 3 . ^^^ Thus , base excision repair can proceed in nucleosome core particles in vitro , but the repair efficiency is limited by the reduced activity of the uracil DNA glycosylases and DNA polymerase beta on nucleosome cores . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three dimensional structural model analysis of the binding site of an inhibitor , nervonic acid , of both DNA polymerase beta and HIV 1 reverse transcriptase . ^^^ Previously , we reported the three dimensional molecular interactions of nervonic acid ( NA ) with mammalian DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) [ Mizushina et al . ( 1998 ) J . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Acetylation regulates the DNA end trimming activity of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ We describe a novel regulatory mechanism for DNA polymerase beta ( Polbeta ) , a protein involved in DNA base excision repair ( BER ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mapping of the interaction interface of DNA polymerase beta with XRCC 1 . ^^^ Residues of DNA polymerase beta ( beta Pol ) that interact with the DNA repair protein XRCC 1 have been determined by NMR chemical shift mapping ( CSM ) and mutagenesis . 15N / ( 13 ) C / ( 2 ) H / ( 1 ) H , ( 13 ) C methyl ( Leu , Ile , Val ) labeled beta Pol palm thumb domain was used for assignments of the 1H , 15N , and 13C resonances used for CSM of the palm thumb on forming the 40 kDa complex with the XRCC 1 N terminal domain ( NTD ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MGMG inhibited the activities of all mammalian DNA polymerases including repair related DNA polymerase beta with IC ( 50 ) values of 8 . 5 36 microg / mL , and the inhibition by MGMG was stronger than that by MGDG . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Involvement of DNA polymerase beta in protection against the cytotoxicity of oxidative DNA damage . ^^^ We had shown previously that DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) null mouse fibroblasts , deficient in base excision repair ( BER ) , are hypersensitive to monofunctional methylating agents but not to hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hypersensitivity of DNA polymerase beta null mouse fibroblasts reflects accumulation of cytotoxic repair intermediates from site specific alkyl DNA lesions . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) is required for efficient base excision repair of N alkyl adducts , and we make use of the hypersensitivity of beta pol null mouse fibroblasts to investigate such alkylating agents with a view towards understanding the DNA lesions responsible for the cellular phenotype . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Structure of DNA polymerase beta with the mutagenic DNA lesion 8 oxodeoxyguanine reveals structural insights into its coding potential . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hold tight ( but not too tight ) to get it right : accurate bypass of an 8 oxoguanine lesion by DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Crystal structures of DNA polymerase beta encountering an 8 oxoguanine lesion show how the polymerase selects an otherwise unfavorable conformation of a damaged template base to enable error free bypass . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although purified DNA polymerase beta was able to incorporate the correct nucleotide ( dAMP ) opposite to Tg , the rate of incorporation was reduced by 3 fold . ^^^ Tg does not affect 5 ' sugar phosphate removal by the 2 deoxyribose 5 phosphate ( dRP ) lyase activity of DNA polymerase beta , but further processing of the strand break by purified DNA ligase 3 was slightly diminished . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The head is structurally homologous to the palm domain of DNA polymerase beta but has additional structural features and functions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Site directed mutagenesis analysis of the structural interaction of the single strand break repair protein , 10 ray cross complementing group 1 , with DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Human 10 ray cross complementing group 1 ( XRCC 1 ) is a single strand DNA break repair protein which forms a base excision repair ( BER ) complex with DNA polymerase beta ( beta Pol ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The recent observation that Ape 1 cleaved dL sites can covalently trap DNA polymerase beta during the abasic excision process suggests that efficient incision of dL by Ape 1 may potentiate further problems in DNA repair . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This CR induced reversal of the aged BER phenotype is accompanied by a reversal in the age related decline in DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) , a rate limiting enzyme in the BER pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase mu ( pol mu ) is a member of the pol 10 family of DNA polymerases , and it shares a number of characteristics of both DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase ( TdT ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Brain nuclear extracts prepared from old mice showed a decreased abundance of DNA polymerase beta , but the addition of purified protein did not restore base excision repair activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase 1 ( PARP 1 ) is required in murine cell lines for base excision repair of oxidative DNA damage in the absence of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The primers that contained the photoreactive groups at their 3 ' termini were obtained using the rat DNA polymerase beta or the DNA polymerase from Thermus thermophilus in the presence of one of the dTTP analogues carrying the photoreactive group in position 5 of thymidine residue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Werner syndrome protein stimulates DNA polymerase beta strand displacement synthesis via its helicase activity . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) is a central participant in both short and long patch base excision repair ( BER ) pathways , which function to process most spontaneous , alkylated , and oxidative DNA damage . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta gene expression : the promoter activator CREB 1 is upregulated in Chinese hamster ovary cells by DNA alkylating agent induced stress . ^^^ The DNA alkylating agent N methyl N ' nitro N nitrosoguanidine ( MNNG ) upregulates the level of the base excision DNA repair enzyme DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) in several mammalian cell types . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PK C activates transcription of the poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase ( PARP ) gene and DNA polymerase beta gene , and makes posttranslation activation of apurinic / apyrimidinic endonuclease APE , which are participating in the base excision repair ( BER ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The recent demonstration of an intrinsic 5 ' deoxyribose 5 ' phosphate lyase activity , a template / primer dependent polymerase activity , a distributive manner of DNA synthesis and sequence similarity to DNA polymerase beta suggested a novel beta like enzyme . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Whereas DNA polymerase alpha inhibition was noncompetitive with the template primer , the inhibition of DNA polymerase beta was found to be competitive with the template primer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report here that recombinant human MDM 2 purified from insect cells or Escherichia coli stimulated the activity of DNA polymerase epsilon up to 10 and 40 fold , respectively , but not those of DNA polymerase beta or Klenow fragment of E . coli DNA polymerase 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Regulated over expression of DNA polymerase beta mediates early onset cataract in mice . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) , the major BER polymerase , has been found to be over expressed in human tumor tissues and more recently it has been shown that over expression of beta pol results in a mutator and genome instability phenotype . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The base substitution fidelity of DNA polymerase beta dependent single nucleotide base excision repair . ^^^ When human uracil DNA glycosylase , AP endonuclease , DNA polymerase beta , and DNA ligase 1 replace uracil opposite template A or G , base substitution error rates are < or=0 . 3 to < or=2 . 8 10 10 4 . ^^^ BER error rates are higher when excess incorrect dNTPs are included in the reaction or when wild type DNA polymerase beta is replaced by DNA polymerase beta variants that fill single nucleotide gaps with lower fidelity . ^^^ Thus other proteins in the BER reaction may enhance the base substitution fidelity of DNA polymerase beta during single nucleotide BER . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since DNA polymerase beta is the smallest , we used it to analyze the biochemical relationship with HA A . ^^^ Biochemical , BIAcore and computer modeling analyses demonstrated that HA A bound selectively to the N terminal 8 kDa DNA template binding domain of DNA polymerase beta , and HA A inhibited the ssDNA binding activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As shown using specific antibodies , the new binary system of photoreagents increases the efficiency of DNA polymerase beta labeling . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To further evaluate the BER capacity of the enzyme , the dRP lyase and DNA polymerase activities were characterized on DNA substrates representing BER intermediates , and we found that pol iota was able to complement the in vitro single nucleotide BER deficiency of a DNA polymerase beta null cell extract . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To test base excision repair ( BER ) activities on chromatin substrates , an in vitro system was developed that uses human uracil DNA glycosylase ( UDG ) , apyrimidinic / apurinic endonuclease ( APE ) , and DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) on homogeneously damaged , rotationally positioned DNA in nucleosomes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pol zeta is a member of DNA polymerase eta subfamily , which belongs to DNA polymerase B family , and exists in almost all eukaryotes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to investigate mRNA splicing in PELs , we examined mRNA splicing of three genes , DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) , Bcl 10 and CD 45 , in eight PEL cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human DNA polymerase lambda diverged in evolution from DNA polymerase beta toward specific Mn ( ++ ) dependence : a kinetic and thermodynamic study . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hypoxia induced modification of poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase and dna polymerase beta activity in cerebral cortical nuclei of newborn piglets : role of nitric oxide . ^^^ Previous studies have shown that poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase ( PARP ) and DNA polymerase beta , nuclear enzymes , are associated with cell replication and DNA repair . ^^^ Following isolation of the cortical neuronal nuclei , the activity of PARP and DNA polymerase beta was determined . ^^^ Endogenous DNA polymerase beta activity increased from 0 . 96+ / 0 . 13 in normoxic nuclei to 1 . 39+ / 0 . 18 nmol / mg protein / h in hypoxic nuclei ( P < 0 . 005 ) . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta activity in the presence of exogenous template increased from 1 . 54+ / 0 . 14 in the normoxic to 2 . 42+ / 0 . 26 nmol / mg protein / h in the hypoxic group ( P < 0 . 005 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The exonuclease activity is enhanced at 3 ' mismatches , which suggests a possible role in BER for Ape 1 as a proofreading activity for the relatively inaccurate DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A 3 ' phosphate group had little impact on Ape 1 exonuclease activity , and oligonucleotides harboring these blocking termini were activated by Ape 1 for DNA polymerase beta extension . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In repair of the N alkylated purine base lesion , for example , alkyl adenine DNA glycosylase ( Aag ) recognizes and removes the base , and DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) contributes the gap tailoring and DNA synthesis steps . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cloning and characterization of a novel member of the human ATF / CREB family : ATF 2 deletion , a potential regulator of the human DNA polymerase beta promoter . ^^^ The solitary cAMP response element ( CRE ) 1 in the human DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) core promoter plays a key role in both basal expression and the DNA alkylating agent response of the promoter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Use of pi allyltricarbonyliron lactone complexes in the synthesis of taurospongin A : a potent inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta and HIV revers transcriptase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta can incorporate ribonucleotides during DNA synthesis of undamaged and CPD damaged DNA . ^^^ Overexpression of the error prone DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) has been found to increase spontaneous mutagenesis by competing with the replicative polymerases during DNA replication . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This results in an acceleration of the overall repair process of oxidized purines to yield an APE 1 cleaved abasic site , which can be used as a substrate by DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SFN and quercetin showed no effect on DNA repair , neither in terms of the level of PhIP DNA adducts , when cells were treated with phytochemicals after the carcinogen exposure , nor the regulation of mRNA expression of two DNA repair enzymes , apurinic endonuclease and DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Variants of DNA polymerase Beta extend mispaired DNA due to increased affinity for nucleotide substrate . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta offers an attractive system to study the biochemical mechanism of polymerase dependent mutagenesis . ^^^ Variants of DNA polymerase beta , Y265F and Y265W , were analyzed for misincorporation efficiency and mispair extension ability , relative to wild type DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Overall , our results demonstrate that the Y 265 hinge residue is important for stabilizing the architecture of the nucleotide binding pocket of DNA polymerase beta , and that alterations of this residue can have significant impacts upon the fidelity of DNA synthesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Trypanosoma brucei has two distinct mitochondrial DNA polymerase beta enzymes . ^^^ The DNA polymerase beta from the trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata , however , was the first mitochondrial enzyme of this type described . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rather , the number of nucleotides incorporated by DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) during DNA repair synthesis is increased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To establish the role of DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) in BER and beta pol dependent BER in maintaining genomic stability , we have measured the impact of a gene targeted disruption in the beta pol gene on DNA repair capacity and on in vivo sensitivity to carcinogens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The D246V mutant of DNA polymerase beta misincorporates nucleotides : evidence for a role for the flexible loop in DNA positioning within the active site . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta , a member of the 10 family of DNA polymerases , is known to be involved in base excision repair . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Subsequently , we observed that the repair enzyme DNA polymerase beta was upregulated following light treatment , again suggesting the presence of a repair mechanism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The result showed that , the phylogenetic relationship within this family basically assorted with the distribution status of used species , of which two virus members and DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) of eukaryote were clustered together into sister group , indicating the likelihood that the two entomopoxviruses originated from eukaryote . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase mu ( pol mu ) , which is related to terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and DNA polymerase beta , is thought to be involved in non homologous end joining and 5 ( D ) J recombination . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The induced BER activity in ischemic cortex was attributed to the upregulation of gene expression and activation of selective BER enzymes , particularly DNA polymerase beta and OGG 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we show that Hsp 70 and its 48 and 43 kDa N terminal domains greatly stimulated filling in the single strand gaps by DNA polymerase beta , a novel finding that extends the role of Hsps in DNA repair . ^^^ Incorporation of deoxyguanosine monophosphate ( dGMP ) to fill in single strand gaps in DNA phagemid pBKS by DNA polymerase beta was stimulated by Hsp 70 . ^^^ Truncated proteins derived from the C terminus of Hsp 70 as well as unrelated proteins were less effective , but proteins derived from the N terminus of Hsp 70 remained efficient stimulators of DNA polymerase beta repair of DNA single strand gaps . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Through biochemical studies , two SSI repair subpathways have been identified : a pathway mediated by DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) and DNA ligase 3 ( Lig 3 ) , and a pathway mediated by DNA polymerase delta / epsilon ( Pol delta / epsilon ) and DNA ligase 1 ( Lig 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For a short period of time an incised AP site is occupied by poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase and then DNA polymerase beta adds one nucleotide into the repair gap and simultaneously removes the 5 ' sugar phosphate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A new acylated oleanane triterpenoid from Couepia polyandra that inhibits the lyase activity of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Bioassay directed fractionation of a n hexane extract of Couepia polyandra using an assay to detect inhibitors of the lyase activity of DNA polymerase beta resulted in the isolation of the new triterpene 3beta , 16beta , 23 triacetoxyolean 12 en 28 oic acid ( 1 ) and four known compounds , oleanolic acid , betulinic acid , stigmasterol , and beta sitosterol . ^^^ All five compounds inhibited DNA polymerase beta lyase activity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The activities of poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase ( PARP ) , DNA polymerase b and DNA ligase in fibrosarcoma , lymphosarcoma and ascites recorded varying degrees of increase following gamma irradiation ( 2 Gy ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we determined the expansion potential , during DNA replication by human DNA polymerase beta , of several tetranucleotide repeat tracts in which the repeat units varied by one or more bases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Study on DNA polymerase beta gene mutation in human cervical cancer ] . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : To investigate whether DNA polymerase beta ( POLB ) gene mutations occur in human cervical cancer ( CC ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interestingly the amino terminus of the long form aprataxin is homologous with polynucleotidekinase 3 ' phosphatase , which has been demonstrated to be involved in base excision repair , a subtype of single strand DNA break repair , through interaction with XRCC 1 , DNA polymerase beta , and DNA ligase 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Apurinic / apyrimidinic endonuclease ( APE / REF 1 ) haploinsufficient mice display tissue specific differences in DNA polymerase beta dependent base excision repair . ^^^ The observed changes in BER activity correlated tightly with changes in DNA polymerase beta and AP site DNA binding levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited calf DNA polymerase alpha and rat DNA polymerase beta , with the 50 % inhibition values of 45 . 5 microM ( 1 ) and 40 . 8 microM ( 2 ) , and 86 . 5 microM ( 1 ) and 30 . 0 microM ( 2 ) , respectively . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase alpha , delta and epsilon have been implicated to be responsible for DNA replication , whereas DNA polymerase beta , delta and epsilon have been suggested to work in DNA repair . ^^^ The triphosphates of 4 ' thio FAC ( 4 ' thio FACTP ) exhibited the potent inhibitory action against DNA polymerase alpha , whereas it showed moderate inhibition against DNA polymerase beta and little inhibition against DNA polymerase gamma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Orchestration of cooperative events in DNA synthesis and repair mechanism unraveled by transition path sampling of DNA polymerase beta ' s closing . ^^^ Our application of transition path sampling to a complex biomolecular system in explicit solvent , the closing transition of DNA polymerase beta , unravels atomic and energetic details of the conformational change that precedes the chemical reaction of nucleotide incorporation . ^^^ The collective cascade of these sequential conformational changes brings the DNA / DNA polymerase beta system to a state nearly competent for the chemical reaction and suggests how subtle residue motions and conformational rate limiting steps affect reaction efficiency and fidelity ; this complex system of checks and balances directs the system to the chemical reaction and likely helps the enzyme discriminate the correct from the incorrect incoming nucleotide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A type 2 DNA topoisomerase , a DNA polymerase beta , and a structure specific endonuclease have been localized to antipodal sites flanking the kDNA disk along with nascent DNA minicircles . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is a divergent member of the DNA polymerase beta nucleotidyl transferase superfamily , which includes CCA adding enzymes , DNA polymerases and eukaryotic nuclear poly ( A ) polymerases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Modulation of the 5 ' deoxyribose 5 phosphate lyase and DNA synthesis activities of mammalian DNA polymerase beta by apurinic / apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
APE 1 has long been thought to act on AP sites only in double stranded ( ds ) DNA , in order to generate the appropriate site for insertion of the correct nucleotide of DNA repair synthesis effected by DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ APE 1 has long been thought to act on AP sites only in double stranded ( ds ) DNA , in order to generate the appropriate site for insertion of the correct nucleotide of DNA repair synthesis effected by DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The presence of 3 ' 5 ' exonuclease activity in rat brain neurons and its role in template driven extension of 3 ' mismatched primers by DNA polymerase beta in aging neurons . ^^^ A three step reaction strategy has been developed to examine the mechanism of extension of a mismatched primer in an oligoduplex substrate by rat neuronal extracts and DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ The results revealed that in the case of duplexes with a mismatch at 3 ' end of primer , significant extension by DNA polymerase beta has taken place only after the removal of the mismatched base , thus indicating the presence of a proof reading 3 ' 5 ' exonuclease activity in neuronal extracts of all ages . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The active site of AT N 440 has been identified on the basis of structural comparisons with KNT , DNA polymerase beta , and polyadenylate polymerase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
XRCC 1 DNA polymerase beta interaction is required for efficient base excision repair . 10 ray repair cross complementing protein 1 ( XRCC 1 ) deficient cells are sensitive to DNA damaging agents and have delayed processing of DNA base lesions . ^^^ In support of its role in base excision repair , it was found that XRCC 1 forms a tight complex with DNA ligase IIIalpha and also interacts with DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) and other base excision repair ( BER ) proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta interacts with TRF 2 and induces telomere dysfunction in a murine mammary cell line . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( Polbeta ) is a DNA repair protein that functions in base excision repair and meiosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our evidence suggests a repair mechanism that triggers up regulation of the enzyme DNA polymerase beta , implying a rod specific mechanism that initially attempts DNA repair , but which subsequently fails , resulting in a second wave of damage leading to apoptotic rod cell death . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Highly organized but pliant active site of DNA polymerase beta : compensatory mechanisms in mutant enzymes revealed by dynamics simulations and energy analyses . ^^^ To link conformational transitions noted for DNA polymerases with kinetic results describing catalytic efficiency and fidelity , we investigate the role of key DNA polymerase beta residues on subdomain motion through simulations of five single residue mutants : Arg 283 Ala , Tyr 271 Ala , Asp 276 Val , Arg 258 Lys , and Arg 258 Ala . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase 1 inhibits strand displacement synthesis of DNA catalyzed by DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ The effect of PARP 1 on the DNA synthesis catalyzed in vitro by DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) was studied using analogs of DNA substrates produced during BER and imitating intermediates of the short patch and long patch subpathways of BER . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Is DNA polymerase beta important in thermal radiosensitization . ^^^ Thermal radiosensitization was tested in a pair of mouse cells ( MB+ wild type and MB , DNA polymerase beta knockout cells ) and in human breast carcinoma cells ( MCF 7 wild type and C 716 transfected to give elevated DNA polymerase beta expression ) . ^^^ Results showed that neither reducing DNA polymerase beta ( involved in base excision repair ) nor increasing it had any significant effect on thermal radiosensitization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 67 kDa rice DNA polymerase was found to be recognized by the polyclonal antibody ( purified IgG ) made against rat DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) both in solution and also on Western blot . ^^^ Immunological similarity of the ddNTP sensitive DNA polymerase beta of rice and rat and its involvement in BER revealed the conservation of structure and function of ddNTP sensitive DNA pol beta in plant and animal . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we used murine embryo fibroblasts wild type or homozygous null for DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) , which plays a central role in BER . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , no up regulation in either BER or its rate determining enzyme , DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) is observed in response to folate deficiency . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Identification of small molecule synthetic inhibitors of DNA polymerase beta by NMR chemical shift mapping . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) plays a central role in repair of damaged DNA bases by base excision repair ( BER ) pathways . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The metal ion coordinates alpha , beta , and gamma phosphate groups with tridentate geometry identical with that observed in the crystal structure of DNA polymerase beta complexed with magnesium and dNTP analog , revealing some common features in catalytic mechanism . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Is there a link between DNA polymerase beta and cancer . ^^^ Recent small scale studies have shown that 30 % of human tumors examined to date express DNA polymerase beta variant proteins . ^^^ One of the DNA polymerase beta colon cancer associated mutants , K289M , has been shown to synthesize DNA with a lower fidelity than wild type Pol beta . ^^^ Another DNA polymerase beta variant identified in colon carcinoma interferes with base excision repair in cells . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta has also been shown to be overexpressed in a variety of tumors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The first synthesis of mispyric acid ( 1 ) , an inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta with a novel triterpene skeleton , was achieved by starting from isoprene ( 2 ) , geraniol ( 6 ) and 1 , 5 dimethoxy 1 , 4 cyclohexadiene ( 14 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These analogs were incorporated into double stranded DNA using DNA polymerase beta and functioned as both the damage site and the cross linking reagent . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Structural relationship of lithocholic acid derivatives binding to the N terminal 8 kDa domain of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ We reported previously that lithocholic acid ( LCA , 3 alpha hydroxy 5 beta cholan 24 oic acid ) , one of the major compounds in the secondary bile acids , selectively inhibited the activity of mammalian DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) [ Mizushina , Y . , Ohkubo , T . , Sugawara , F . , and Sakaguchi , K . ( 2000 ) Biochemistry 39 , 12606 12613 ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The human Rad9 / Rad1 / Hus1 damage sensor clamp interacts with DNA polymerase beta and increases its DNA substrate utilisation efficiency : implications for DNA repair . ^^^ In this work , we showed that the 9 1 1 complex can physically interact with DNA polymerase beta in vitro . ^^^ Functional analysis revealed that the 9 1 1 complex had a stimulatory effect on DNA polymerase beta activity . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta stimulation resulted from an increase in its affinity for the primer template and the interaction with the 9 1 1 complex stimulated deoxyribonucleotides misincorporation by DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ In addition , the 9 1 1 complex enhanced DNA strand displacement synthesis by DNA polymerase beta on a 1 nt gap DNA substrate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Poly ( A ) polymerase ( PAP ) , a member of the nucleotidyltransferase family that includes DNA polymerase beta , incorporates ATP at the 3 ' end of mRNAs in a template independent manner . ^^^ Here we report a second bovine crystal structure , obtained in the presence of Mg2+ , where 3 ' dATP adopts a `` productive ' ' conformation similar to that seen in yeast PAP or DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , we characterized repair pathways by using repair defective mammalian cells and found that DNA polymerase beta accumulated at single strand breaks and oxidative base damage by means of its 31 and 8 kDa domains , respectively , and that XRCC 1 is essential for both polymerase beta dependent and proliferating cell nuclear antigen dependent repair pathways of single strand breaks . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Knock down ' of DNA polymerase beta by RNA interference : recapitulation of null phenotype . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) is the major DNA polymerase involved in the base excision repair ( BER ) pathway in mammalian cells and , as a consequence , BER is severely compromised in cells lacking pol beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
WRN interacts with DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) and stimulates pol beta strand displacement synthesis on a base excision repair ( BER ) intermediate in a helicase dependent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Biscoumarin derivatives from Edgeworthia gardneri that inhibit the lyase activity of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Bioassay guided fractionation of an active methyl ethyl ketone extract of Edgeworthia gardneri , using an assay to monitor DNA polymerase beta lyase inhibition , resulted in the isolation of three known biscoumarin derivatives , 7 hydroxy 3 , 7 ' dicoumaryl ether ( edgeworin , 1 ) , 7 hydroxy 6 methoxy 3 , 7 ' dicoumaryl ether ( daphnoretin , 2 ) , and 6 , 7 dihydroxy 3 , 7 ' dicoumaryl ether ( edgeworthin , 3 ) . ^^^ Compounds 1 3 inhibited the lyase activity of DNA polymerase beta with IC ( 50 ) values of 7 . 3 microg / mL ( 22 . 5 microM ) , 43 . 0 microg / mL ( 122 . 3 microM ) , and 32 . 1 microg / mL ( 94 . 8 microM ) , respectively . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta overexpression stimulates the Rad 51 dependent homologous recombination in mammalian cells . ^^^ Overexpression of DNA polymerase beta ( polbeta ) , an error prone DNA repair enzyme , has been shown to result in mutagenesis , aneuploidy and tumorigenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Structural insights into DNA polymerase beta deterrents for misincorporation support an induced fit mechanism for fidelity . ^^^ We report the structure of DNA polymerase beta with DNA mismatches situated in the polymerase active site . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The crystal structures of DNA polymerase beta in complex with two different mispairs ( A C and T C ) reveal that the two bases stack partially , rather than engage in hydrogen bonding with each other ( Krahn et al . , this issue of Structure ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Deficiency rescues neuronal apoptosis but not differentiation in DNA polymerase beta deficient mice . ^^^ In mammalian cells , DNA polymerase beta ( Polbeta ) functions in base excision repair . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta lyase inhibitors from Maytenus putterlickoides . ^^^ During a survey of plant secondary metabolites for DNA polymerase beta lyase inhibitors , we found that a crude methyl ethyl ketone extract prepared from Maytenus putterlickoides showed strong inhibition of the lyase activity of DNA polymerase beta in an in vitro assay . ^^^ Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited DNA polymerase beta lyase inhibitory activity with IC 50 values of 62 . 8 and 18 . 5 microM , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because many NRTI are not only inhibitors of reverse transcriptase but also inhibitors of the DNA polymerase beta and gamma , several toxic effects can be considered . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
New lupane triterpenoids from Solidago canadensis that inhibit the lyase activity of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Bioassay directed fractionation of a methyl ethyl ketone extract of Solidago canadensis L . ( Asteraceae ) , using an assay to detect the lyase activity of DNA polymerase beta , resulted in the isolation of the four new lupane triterpenoids 1 4 and the seven known compounds lupeol , lupeyl acetate , ursolic acid , cycloartenol , cycloartenyl palmitate , alpha amyrin acetate , and stigmasterol . ^^^ All 11 compounds were inhibitory to the lyase activity of DNA polymerase beta . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gene structure , purification and characterization of DNA polymerase beta from Xiphophorus maculatus . ^^^ The cDNA sequence encoding the 337 amino acid 10 . maculatus DNA polymerase beta ( Polbeta ) protein was subcloned into the Escherichia coli expression plasmid pET . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta mRNA and protein expression in Xiphophorus fish . ^^^ Herein we report Xiphophorus DNA polymerase beta ( XiphPolbeta ) mRNA and protein expression levels in brain , liver , gill , and testes tissues from Xiphophorus maculatus , Xiphophorus helleri , and Xiphophorus couchianus parental line fish and two different tumor bearing Xiphophorus interspecies hybrids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tumor suppressor APC blocks DNA polymerase beta dependent strand displacement synthesis during long patch but not short patch base excision repair and increases sensitivity to methylmethane sulfonate . ^^^ We identified a proliferating cell nuclear antigen interacting protein like box sequence in APC that binds DNA polymerase beta and blocks DNA polymerase beta mediated strand displacement synthesis in long patch BER without affecting short patch BER . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Like PCNA stimulation , 9 1 1 stimulation can not circumvent the tracking mechanism by which FEN 1 enters the substrate ; however , 9 1 1 does not substitute for PCNA in the stimulation of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta and flap endonuclease 1 enzymatic specificities sustain DNA synthesis for long patch base excision repair . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) and flap endonuclease 1 ( FEN 1 ) are key players in pol beta mediated long patch base excision repair ( LP BER ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , we developed an in vitro system using human uracil DNA glycosylase ( UDG ) , AP endonuclease ( APE ) , DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) and rotationally positioned DNA containing a single uracil associated with a ' designed ' nucleosome , to test short patch base excision repair ( BER ) in chromatin . ^^^ We found that UDG and APE carry out their catalytic activities with reduced efficiency on nucleosome substrates , showing a distinction between uracil facing ' out ' or ' in ' from the histone surface , while DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) is completely inhibited by nucleosome formation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This screen identified as interactors a number of cell replication related proteins such as DNA polymerase beta and subunits of DNA polymerase delta along with the EBV encoded DNase BGLF 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A survey of splice variants of the human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase and DNA polymerase beta genes : products of alternative or aberrant splicing . ^^^ In order to characterize the mutagenic and pathogenic potential of mis splicing , we have surveyed and quantified the aberrant splice variants in the human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase ( HPRT ) and DNA polymerase beta ( POLB ) in the presence and the absence of the Nonsense Mediated Decay ( NMD ) pathway , which removes transcripts with premature termination codons . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A detailed kinetic analysis of the insertion and extension steps of dNTP incorporation in the vicinity of the adduct shows that both DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) and DNA polymerase eta ( pol eta ) catalyze translesion synthesis past oxaliplatin GG adducts with greater efficiency than past cisplatin GG adducts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The accumulation of MMS induced single strand breaks in G 1 phase is recombinogenic in DNA polymerase beta defective mammalian cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Genetic interaction between DNA polymerase beta and DNA PKcs in embryogenesis and neurogenesis . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( Polbeta ) has been implicated in base excision repair . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Affinity capture of a mammalian DNA polymerase beta by inhibitors immobilized to resins used in solid phase organic synthesis . ^^^ The application of resins normally used in solid phase organic synthesis to the affinity capture of a mammalian DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) is reported . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
FAP dCTP is an efficient substrate of mammalian DNA polymerase beta in the reaction of primer elongation displaying substrate properties as an analogue of dCTP and dTTP . ^^^ FAP dCTP was used for the photoaffinity modification of mammalian DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ In one approach , photoreactive FAP dCTP was first incorporated into radiolabeled primer template , and photoreactive DNA was UV irradiated in the presence of DNA polymerase beta , which resulted in the polymerase labeling by photoreactive primer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Polymorphisms in DNA repair gene XRCC 1 and increased genetic susceptibility to breast cancer . 10 ray repair cross complementing 1 ( XRCC 1 ) gene encodes for a scaffolding protein , which plays an important role in base excision DNA repair by bringing together DNA polymerase beta , DNA ligase 3 and poly ( ADP Ribose ) polymerase ( PARP ) at the site of DNA damage . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reduced DNA gap repair in aging rat neuronal extracts and its restoration by DNA polymerase beta and DNA ligase . ^^^ The decreased activity could be restored by supplementing the neuronal extracts with pure recombinant rat liver DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ High levels of DNA polymerase beta supplementation resulted in gap filling activity that proceeded essentially through addition of nucleotides through a slow distributive strand displacement mode to achieve full template length ( 32 mer ) . ^^^ However , at lower concentrations of DNA polymerase beta , the gap repair takes place quickly through gap filling followed by ligation to downstream primer , in an energy efficient manner . ^^^ For this to happen , the conditions required are the presence of 5 ' PO 4 on the downstream primer and supplementation of aging neuronal extracts with DNA ligase in addition to recombinant DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of interactions of DNA polymerase beta and reverse transcriptases of human immunodeficiency and mouse leukemia viruses with dNTP analogs containing a modified sugar residue . ^^^ Substrate properties of various morpholinonucleoside triphosphates in the reaction of DNA elongation catalyzed by DNA polymerase beta , reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV 1 RT ) , and reverse transcriptase of Moloney murine leukemia virus ( M MuLV RT ) were compared . ^^^ Morpholinonucleoside triphosphates were utilized by DNA polymerase beta and HIV 1 reverse transcriptase as substrates , which terminated further synthesis of DNA , but were virtually not utilized by M MuLV reverse transcriptase . ^^^ The kinetic parameters of morpholinoderivatives of cytosine ( MorC ) and uridine ( MorU ) were determined in the reaction of primer elongation catalyzed by DNA polymerase beta and HIV 1 reverse transcriptase . ^^^ MorC was a more effective substrate of HIV 1 reverse transcriptase and significantly less effective substrate of DNA polymerase beta than MorU . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mouse fibroblasts , deficient in DNA polymerase beta , are hypersensitive to monofunctional DNA methylating agents such as methyl methanesulfonate ( MMS ) . ^^^ Both wild type and , in particular , repair deficient DNA polymerase beta null cells are highly sensitized to the cytotoxic effects of MMS by 4 amino 1 , 8 naphthalimide ( 4 AN ) , an inhibitor of poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase ( PARP ) activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Modulation of cellular response to cisplatin by a novel inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) is an error prone enzyme whose up regulation has been shown to be a genetic instability enhancer as well as a contributor to cisplatin resistance in tumor cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Colony forming assays with knockout and transfectant cells lines showed that DNA polymerase beta , but not ERCC 1 , conferred increased cell survival after cantharidin treatment , indicating that base excision repair ( BER ) , rather than nucleotide excision repair ( NER ) , is important for CAN induced DNA lesions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We demonstrated the utility of using the THAP / DAC MALDI matrix for peptide sequencing with DNA polymerase beta tryptic peptide mixture , as well as tryptic peptides derived from Xiphophorus maculatus brain extract proteins previously separated by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( 2D PAGE ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The murine DNA glycosylase NEIL 2 ( mNEIL 2 ) and human DNA polymerase beta bind microtubules in situ and in vitro . 8 oxoguanine DNA glycosylase ( OGG 1 ) , a major DNA repair enzyme in mammalian cells and a component of the base excision repair ( BER ) pathway , was recently shown to be associated with the microtubule network and the centriole at interphase and the spindle assembly at mitosis . ^^^ Purified recombinant human DNA polymerase beta ( DNA Pol beta ) and purified recombinant mNEIL 2 were chemically conjugated to fluorochromes and photosensitive dyes and used in in situ localization and binding experiments . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human base excision repair enzymes apurinic / apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 ( APE 1 ) , DNA polymerase beta and poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase 1 : interplay between strand displacement DNA synthesis and proofreading exonuclease activity . ^^^ We examined interactions between base excision repair ( BER ) DNA intermediates and purified human BER enzymes , DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) , apurinic / apyrimidinic endonuclease ( APE 1 ) and poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase 1 ( PARP 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Frequent mutation related with overexpression of DNA polymerase beta in primary tumors and precancerous lesions of human stomach . ^^^ To explore whether DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) contributes to the malignant transformation of gastric mucosa , we examined pol beta in gastric tumor cell lines , primary tumors and precancerous lesions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hinge residue Ile 260 of DNA polymerase beta is important for enzyme activity and fidelity . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta is a repair polymerase that provides a model system for a direct study of insertion fidelity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A variant of DNA polymerase beta is not cancer specific . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) carries out base excision repair ( BER ) required for DNA maintenance , replication , and recombination in eukaryotic cells . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta transcripts were analyzed in 8 breast cancer cell lines , snap frozen benign breast tissues from 10 women , and lymphocytes from 10 normal controls , using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) and three separate primer pairs . ^^^ We conclude that expression of the DNA polymerase beta variant ( pol betadelta 208 236 ) is ubiquitous and not breast cancer specific . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results indicated that the galloyl group of these compounds is very important for both activities . 3 , 3 ' ' Di O gallate dimers acted as strong inhibitor against DNA polymerase alpha and beta , whereas the desgalloyl and monogalloyl compounds did not exhibit any appreciable inhibitory activity against the DNA polymerase beta . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Use of viscogens , dNTPalphaS , and rhodium ( 3 ) as probes in stopped flow experiments to obtain new evidence for the mechanism of catalysis by DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In its most simplistic form , BER can be fully reconstituted with a minimum of four human proteins and is completed in just five sequential steps : ( 1 ) excision of an inappropriate base by a DNA glycosylase ( e . g . , uracil DNA glycosylase ) ; ( 2 ) incision of the DNA backbone immediately adjacent to the resulting abasic site by apurinic / apyrimidimic endonuclease 1 ; ( 3 ) removal of the 5 ' abasic terminal fragment , and ( 4 ) repair synthesis to fill the gap by DNA polymerase beta ; and ( 5 ) ligation to seal the remaining nick by DNA ligase 1 or a complex of DNA ligase 3 and 10 ray repair cross complementing 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Of particular note , DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) was found to be overexpressed at both the mRNA and protein level in approximately one third of all tumor types studied , with overexpression being particularly frequent in uterus , ovary , prostate and stomach samples . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By fractionation of human whole cell extracts and immunoprecipitation of fractions containing 3 ' 8 oxoG excision activity , we further demonstrate that APE 1 is the major activity involved in the repair of 3 ' 8 oxoG lesions in human cells and finally we reconstituted repair of the 3 ' 8 oxoG containing oligonucleotide duplex with purified human enzymes including APE 1 , DNA polymerase beta and DNA ligase IIIalpha . . ^^^ We find that 3 ' 8 oxoG inhibits ligation by DNA ligase IIIalpha or DNA ligase 1 , inhibits extension by DNA polymerase beta and that the lesion is resistant to excision by DNA glycosylases involved in the repair of oxidative lesions in human cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The very recently described interactions of Rad 9 Rad1 Hus 1 with MutY DNA glycosylase , DNA polymerase beta and Flap endonuclease 1 now complete our view that the long patch base excision machinery is an important target of the Rad 9 Rad1 Hus 1 complex , thus enhancing the quality control of DNA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The hydrophobic hinge region of rat DNA polymerase beta is critical for substrate binding pocket geometry . ^^^ The hydrophobic hinge of DNA polymerase beta facilitates closing and stabilization of the enzyme once the nucleotide substrate has bound . ^^^ Our results are also consistent with the interpretation that DNA polymerase beta discriminates the correct from incorrect substrate during the binding step . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we focus on the two identified DNA polymerases , the family B DNA polymerase B ( PabpolB ) and the family D DNA polymerase D ( PabpolD ) from the hyperthermophilic euryarchaeota Pyrococcus abyssi . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) null background renders mouse embryonic fibroblast ( MEF ) cells base excision repair deficient and hyper mutagenic upon treatment with the monofunctional alkylating agent , methyl methanesulfonate ( MMS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results showed that HIV 1 RT and human mitochondrial DNA polymerase ( Pol gamma ) incorporated KP 1212 TP with a significant level of efficiency , whereas mouse DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) did not . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transcriptional upregulation of DNA polymerase beta by TEIF . ^^^ The overexpression of DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) has been identified in lots of human cancers , but the mechanism has seldom been investigated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Comparison of functional properties of mammalian DNA polymerase lambda and DNA polymerase beta in reactions of DNA synthesis related to DNA repair . ^^^ Pol lambda has some properties in common with DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A highly cytotoxic concentration of the DNA methylating agent methyl methanesulfonate ( MMS ) results in cellular ATP depletion and cell death primarily by necrosis in both wild type and DNA polymerase beta null mouse fibroblasts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Radiosensitization by a dominant negative to DNA polymerase beta is DNA polymerase beta independent and XRCC 1 dependent . ^^^ BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE : DNA base damages and single strand breaks after ionizing radiation are repaired by base excision repair ( BER ) and single strand break repair ( SSBR ) , with both DNA polymerase beta ( polbeta ) and XRCC 1 playing key roles . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We used isogenic cells deficient in the BER enzymes DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) and alkyladenine DNA glycosylase ( Aag ) to determine the role of BER in the cytotoxic effect of temozolomide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The purpose of this study was to determine whether oligonucleotides the size of siRNA are permeable to gap junctions and whether a specific siRNA for DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) can move from one cell to another via gap junctions , thus allowing one cell to inhibit gene expression in another cell directly . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effect of DNA polymerase beta loop variants on discrimination of O 6 methyldeoxyguanosine modification present in the nucleotide versus template substrate . ^^^ We have examined the mechanism of DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) lesion discrimination using alkylated dNTP versus alkylated DNA template substrates and the pol beta variants R253M and E249K . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although the presence of the 8 oxoguanine residue near the 3 ' terminus did not affect either DNA polymerase beta activity or poly ( ADP ) ribose polymerase 1 affinity and turnover on an incised AP site , we find that 8 oxoguanine DNA glycosylase has reduced ability to remove an 8 oxoguanine residue located near the 3 ' terminus of the incised AP site . ^^^ We find that binding of the 8 oxoguanine DNA glycosylase to this 8 oxoguanine residue inhibits DNA repair synthesis by DNA polymerase beta , thus delaying repair . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta promotes recruitment of DNA ligase 3 alpha XRCC 1 to sites of base excision repair . ^^^ We find that after dissociation of AP endonuclease from the incised abasic site , both DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) and the DNA ligase IIIalpha XRCC 1 heterodimer efficiently bind / cross link to the substrate DNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutation of DNA polymerase beta in esophageal carcinoma of different regions . ^^^ AIM : To observe the variation of DNA polymerase beta ( polbeta ) in esophageal carcinoma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In support of this conclusion , we determined the induction of mRNA expression over time after oxidative stress followed by NR administration of three major enzymes in the DNA base excision repair ( BER ) pathway : 8 oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 ( hOGG 1 ) , apurinic / apyrimidinic endonuclease and DNA polymerase beta ( DNA poly beta ) . hOGG 1 and DNA poly beta mRNA expression in cells after 24 h exposure to NR was increased significantly compared with control cells without NR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mispyric acid is a novel natural triterpene dicarboxylic acid which has inhibitory activity against DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) isolated from the plant , Mischocarpus pyriformis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerol inhibitory mode analysis of rat DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) is one of the most important enzymes protecting the cell against DNA damage by base excision repair . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mitochondrial DNA integrity is not dependent on DNA polymerase beta activity . ^^^ In nuclear BER , the two penultimate steps are carried out by DNA polymerase beta ( Polbeta ) , which exhibits both 5 ' deoxyribose 5 phosphate ( 5 ' dRP ) lyase and DNA polymerase activities . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Structural insight into the DNA polymerase beta deoxyribose phosphate lyase mechanism . ^^^ A large number of biochemical and genetic studies have demonstrated the involvement of DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) in mammalian base excision repair ( BER ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fidelity discrimination in DNA polymerase beta : differing closing profiles for a mismatched ( G : A ) versus matched ( G : C ) base pair . ^^^ We report , using path sampling simulations and a reaction network model , strikingly different transition states in DNA polymerase beta ' s conformational closing for correct dCTP versus incorrect dATP incoming nucleotide opposite a template G . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An intrinsic 5 ' deoxyribose 5 phosphate lyase activity in DNA polymerase beta from Leishmania infantum supports a role in DNA repair . ^^^ This paper reports the expression in Escherichia coli and purification of the L . infantum gene product ( AF 182167 ) , as well as its characterization as a DNA polymerase beta ( Polbeta ) like , template dependent DNA repair enzyme , with a metal preference for Mn2+ over Mg2+ . ^^^ As is the case with mammalian Polbeta and DNA polymerase lambda ( Pollambda ) , L . infantum DNA polymerase beta ( Li Polbeta ) prefers gapped DNA substrates having a 5 ' phosphate end , in agreement with its role in DNA repair reactions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thirty percent of the 189 tumors studied to date express DNA polymerase beta variants . ^^^ Because DNA polymerase beta functions in base excision repair , our results suggest that mutations that arise during this process can lead to the onset or progression of cancer . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Long patch base excision DNA repair of 2 deoxyribonolactone prevents the formation of DNA protein cross links with DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Oxidized abasic sites are a major form of DNA damage induced by free radical attack and deoxyribose oxidation . 2 Deoxyribonolactone ( dL ) is a C1 ' oxidized abasic site implicated in DNA strand breakage , mutagenesis , and formation of covalent DNA protein cross links ( DPCs ) with repair enzymes such as DNA polymerase beta ( polbeta ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the case of DNA polymerase beta , the reaction is potentiated by incision of dL by Ape 1 , the major mammalian AP endonuclease . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The specific activities of the two error prone polymerase associated lyases are approximately 80 fold less than the associated lyase activity of human DNA polymerase beta , which is a key enzyme used in short patch BER . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results predict for pol 10 a substrate induced conformational change triggered by the presence of DNA and the correct incoming nucleotide in the active site , as in DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A thymine isostere in the templating position disrupts assembly of the closed DNA polymerase beta ternary complex . ^^^ The DNA repair enzyme , DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) , is among the most discriminating , being inactive when the thymine isostere difluorotoluene ( DFT ) is present in the templating base position . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lineweaver Burk plots of SQAGs indicated that DNA polymerase alpha was non competitively inhibited , but the SQAGs were effective as antagonists of both the template primer DNA binding and the nucleotide substrate binding of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Myristinins A and D from Knema elegans , which inhibit DNA polymerase beta and cleave DNA . ^^^ A survey of crude plant extracts for DNA polymerase beta inhibitors resulted in the identification of a methyl ethyl ketone extract prepared from Knema elegans that strongly inhibited the enzyme . ^^^ Subsequent bioassay guided fractionation of the extract , using an assay to monitor the activity of DNA polymerase beta , led to the isolation of two potent inhibitors , ( + ) myristinins A ( 1 ) and D ( 2 ) , which are known flavans having unusual structures . ( + ) Myristinins A and D exhibited IC 50 values of 12 and 4 . 3 microM , respectively , as inhibitors of DNA polymerase beta in the presence of bovine serum albumin ( BSA ) , and 2 . 7 and 1 . 2 microM in the absence of BSA . ^^^ As such , they are the most potent DNA polymerase beta inhibitors reported to date . ^^^ Accordingly , 1 and 2 exhibit two activities , namely , DNA polymerase beta inhibition and DNA damage . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The small unilamellar vesicles showed a potent inhibitory effect on DNA polymerase beta , whereas the large multilamellar vesicles had no such effect . ^^^ These smaller vesicles had a greater inhibitory effect on DNA polymerase beta activity than non extruded vesicles . beta SQDG C ( 18 : 0 ) vesicles , especially those of small size , were effective in DNA polymerase inhibition and are expected to have high applicability in DNA polymerase study . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Telomere repeat binding factor 2 interacts with base excision repair proteins and stimulates DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Using a screen for potential interactions between telomere repeat binding factor 2 ( TRF 2 ) and proteins involved in BER of oxidized bases in vitro , we found that TRF 2 physically bound DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) and flap endonuclease 1 ( FEN 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Decreased mutant frequency in embryonic brain of DNA polymerase beta null mice . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( Polbeta ) knockout mouse embryos exhibit extensive apoptosis in postmitotic neuronal cells and die immediately after birth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To estimate efficiency of recognition and processing of the chimeric structures by BER proteins , we studied the rate of DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) and the rate of nucleotide excision at the 3 ' end of the initiating primer by apurinic / apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 ( APE 1 ) compared with those for the natural DNA duplexes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The radiation resistant cell line was derived from the parental cell line and was transfected to over express DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Employing a reconstituted BER complex containing among others DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) , DNA ligase 3 ( Lig 3 ) and XRCC 1 , here we show that Lig 3 and XRCC 1 are essential mediators of this regulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Werner syndrome protein operates in base excision repair and cooperates with DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ We have previously reported that WRN helicase activity stimulates DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) strand displacement synthesis in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The base excision repair ( BER ) process requires removal of an abasic deoxyribose 5 phosphate group , a catalytic activity that has been demonstrated for the N terminal 8 kDa domain of DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) , and for the homologous domain of DNA polymerase lambda ( Pol lambda ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interestingly , the activity of DNA polymerase beta , which synthesize DNA with low fidelity increased in KG 1 cells treated with 8 oxo dG , whereas the expression of DNA polymerase alpha decreased . ^^^ In addition , the accumulation of 8 oxo Gua in KG 1 DNA was completely inhibited by a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Thus , our findings address that the insertion of 8 oxo dG into KG 1 DNA is not due to the direct incorporation of exogenous 8 oxo dG , but rather to the inaccurate incorporation of endogenous 8 oxo dGTP by DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 3 ' 5 ' exonuclease activity is considered important in proofreading of DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although this lesion is incised by AP endonucleases , suggesting a base excision repair mechanism for dL removal , subsequent excision and repair synthesis by DNA polymerase beta is inhibited due to accumulation of a protein DNA cross link . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The latter is preferentially exhibited towards mispaired ( non canonical ) nucleotides , this being the reason why APE 1 is considered as a proofreading enzyme correcting the misincorporations introduced by DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Photoreactive dNMP residues were incorporated at the 3 end of the lesion using DNA polymerase beta and photoreactive dNTPs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The extract of Ujyou , which was the optimal subspecies for the extraction of MGDG , inhibited the activity of calf DNA polymerase alpha with IC ( 50 ) values of 145 microg / mL but was not effective against DNA polymerase beta . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Polintons from all these species are characterized by a unique set of proteins necessary for their transposition , including a protein primed DNA polymerase B , retroviral integrase , cysteine protease , and ATPase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bioactive isomalabaricane triterpenoids from Rhabdastrella globostellata that stabilize the binding of DNA polymerase beta to DNA . ^^^ Four isomalabaricane triterpenoids were isolated from an extract of the sponge Rhabdastrella globostellata that was active in an assay measuring stabilization of the binding of DNA with DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ These compounds displayed varying levels of activity toward the A 2780 ovarian cancer cell line , revealing structure based effects on both the level of cytotoxicity and DNA polymerase beta binding . ^^^ This is the first report of natural products with the ability to promote stabilization of the DNA polymerase beta covalent binary complex . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Arginine methylation regulates DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ Here , a regulatory mechanism for DNA polymerase beta ( Pol beta ) is described . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase beta plays a critical role in base excision repair in vivo . ^^^ DNA polymerase lambda , a recently identified 10 family homolog of DNA polymerase beta , is hypothesized to be a second polymerase involved in base excision repair . ^^^ The full length DNA polymerase lambda is comprised of three domains : a C terminal DNA polymerase beta like domain , an N terminal BRCA 1 C terminal domain , and a previously uncharacterized proline rich domain . ^^^ Strikingly , pre steady state kinetic analyses reveal that , although human DNA polymerase lambda has almost identical fidelity to human DNA polymerase beta , the C terminal DNA polymerase beta like domain alone displays a dramatic , up to 100 fold loss in fidelity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate a possible structural basis for the higher G > T mutations induced by both lesions when their 3 ' neighbor was T , we carried out a molecular modeling investigation in the active site of DNA polymerase beta , which is known to incorporate both dCTP ( no mutation ) and dATP ( G > T substitution ) opposite 8 oxo G . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RNA aptamers selected against DNA polymerase beta inhibit the polymerase activities of DNA polymerases beta and kappa . ^^^ DNA polymerase beta ( polbeta ) , a member of the 10 family of DNA polymerases , is the major polymerase in the base excision repair pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Young ( 4 to 6 month old ) and aged ( 24 to 28 month old ) mice were exposed to 2 nitropropane ( 2 NP ) , a DNA oxidizing agent , and the ability to induce DNA polymerase beta ( beta pol ) and AP endonuclease ( APE ) was determined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Difference in expression level and localization of DNA polymerase beta among human esophageal cancer focus , adjacent and corresponding normal tissues . ^^^ The aim of this paper was to study the expression level and localization of DNA polymerase beta ( polbeta ) and the difference in those among the human esophageal cancer focus , cancer adjacent and corresponding normal esophageal tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It binds the DNA glycosylase MutY homolog , and stimulates DNA polymerase beta , flap endonuclease 1 , and DNA ligase 1 . 9 1 1 resembles proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) , which stimulates some of these same repair enzymes , and is loaded onto DNA in a similar manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Enhanced expression and activity of DNA polymerase beta in chronic myelogenous leukemia . ^^^ MATERIALS AND METHODS : The expression and activity of the error prone DNA polymerase beta ( pol beta ) were investigated in blood samples from CML patients , by Western blotting and by an in vitro replication assay , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In an attempt to advance the understanding of catalytic control , we analyze the effect of the protein residues , taking human DNA polymerase beta as a model system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Application of the model to nonspecific binding of human DNA polymerase beta to ssDNA demonstrates the significance of the CEE in determining Kobs and Sa Kobs of binding of a cationic site on a protein to a DNA oligomer . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BG also showed a protective effect in the presence of a DNA polymerase beta inhibitor ( cytosine arabinoside 3 phosphate , Ara C ) , demonstrating that BG does not act through an anti mutagenic mechanism of action involving DNA polymerase beta . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Haploinsufficiency in DNA polymerase beta increases cancer risk with age and alters mortality rate . ^^^ This study uses a base excision repair ( BER ) deficient model , the DNA polymerase beta heterozygous mouse , to investigate the effect of BER deficiency on tumorigenicity and aging . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In eukaryotic BER , DNA glycosylases generate abasic sites , which are then converted to deoxyribo 5 ' phosphate ( dRP ) and excised by a dRP lyase ( dRPase ) activity of DNA polymerase beta ( Polbeta ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Energy analysis of chemistry for correct insertion by DNA polymerase beta . 10 ray crystallographic structures of human DNA polymerase beta with nonhydrolyzable analogs containing all atoms in the active site required for catalysis provide a secure starting point for a theoretical analysis ( quantum mechanics / molecular mechanics ) of the mechanism of chemistry without biasing of modeling assumptions as required in previous studies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mechanism of nucleotide incorporation in DNA polymerase beta . ^^^ The significance of this catalytic step in serving as a kinetic check point of polymerase fidelity may be unique to DNA polymerase beta , and is discussed in relation to other known mechanisms of DNA polymerases . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase [ EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ] activities present in hypotonic extract from rat ascites hepatoma AH 130 cells were eluted in three separable peaks on DEAE cellulose column chromatography . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A stable deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ) polymerase ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) with a temperature optimum of 80 degrees C has been purified from the extreme thermophile Thermus aquaticus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ability of tryptophan tRNA ( tRNATrp ) to initiate reverse transcription of the 70S RNA of avian RNA tumor viruses suggested that the reverse transcriptase ( RNA dependent DNA polymerase ; deoxynucleosidetriphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase ; EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) might have a specific binding site for the tRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The HCCL cells released particles possessing the characteristics of oncornaviruses : density 1 . 175 g / ml , cores with a density of 1 . 22 1 . 26 g / ml , high molecular weight RNA ( 60 70S ) and RNA instructed DNA polymerase activity ( deoxynucleosidetriphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The RNA directed DNA polymerase ( deoxynucleosidetriphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) of avian oncornavirus requires a tryptophan tRNA ( tRNATrp ) primer molecule located close to the 5 ' end of the viral RNA genome for the initiation of DNA synthesis in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The pheasant viruses ( PV ) were similar to avian leukosis sarcoma viruses ( ALSV ) in their gross morphology , in the size of their RNA , in the presence of a virion associated RNA dependent DNA polymerase ( DNA nucleotidyltransferase ; deoxynucleoside triphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase ; EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) , and in their growth characteristics . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have compared the relative merits of several procedures for the isolation of RNA directed DNA polymerase ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 . ) from cells using a reconsituted model system consisting of a mixture of woolly monkey ( simian ) sarcoma virus and a cultured human lymphoblastoid cell line , NC 37 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Radioactively labelled DNAs ( 5 10 10 ( 6 ) cpm / mug ) complementary to human 18 S and 28 S ribosomal RNA were synthesized using RNA directed DNA polymerase ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A sequence of 20 nucleotide residues immediately adjacent to the 3 ' terminal poly ( A ) in Rous sarcoma virus ( Prague strain , subgroup C ) 35S RNA has been determined by extension of a riboguanylic acid terminated oligothymidylic acid primer hybridized at the 5 ' end of the 3 ' terminal poly ( A ) with purified reverse transcriptase ( RNA directed DNA polymerase ; deoxynucleosidetriphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) from avian myeloblastosis virus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The initiation of DNA synthesis in vitro by RNA directed DNA polymerase ( deoxynucleosidetriphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) of avian oncornaviruses requires a tRNAtrp primer molecule located close to the 5 ' end of the viral RNA genome . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sodium pyrophosphate inhibits synthesis of anticomplementary DNA during a reverse transcriptase ( RNA directed DNA nucleotidyltransferase , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) catalyzed reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Extracts from over 100 normal human placentas have been examined for RNA directed DNA polymerase ( DNA nucleotidyltransferase , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When tested with several highly purified DNA polymerases ( DNA nucleotidyltransferase , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) , the factors show a much greater stimulation of homologous , non mitochondrial enzymes ( rat liver nuclear , rat liver cytoplasmic , or Novikoff DNA polymerases ) when compared with rat liver or calf liver mitochondrial , Escherichia coli 1 , or sea urchin nuclear DNA polymerases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rat ascites hepatoma cell DNA polymerases ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) , especially low molecular weight polymerase , could incorporate a significant amount of single nucleotide into acid soluble products in the absence of the other three deoxynucleoside triphosphates when activated DNA was used as a template . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A new form of high molecular weight DNA polymerase [ EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ] ( polymerase N ) was isolated from the nuclei of rat ascites hepatoma cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase beta ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) FROM THE Novikoff hepatoma has been purified over 200 000 fold ( based on the increase in specific activity ) , by ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatography on DEAE Sephadex , phosphocellulose , hydroxylapatite , and DNA cellulose . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two dimensional tryptic peptide analyses of the [ 35S ] methionine labeled peptides demonstrate that the 180 , 000 dalton product is a polyprotein that can account for all the peptides of the avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase ( DNA nucleotidyltransferase , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) and those of the gag viral proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Decreased fidelity of DNA polymerase activity during N 2 fluorenylacetamide hepatocarcinogenesis . alpha and beta DNA polymerases ( DNA nucleotidyltransferase ; deoxynucleosidetriphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) were isolated from nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of rat livers exposed to a carcinogenic regimen with the hepatocarcinogen N 2 fluorenylacetamide and from 24 hr regenerating liver . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Synthesis on single stranded DNA by T 7 DNA polymerase ( DNA nucleotidyltransferase ; deoxynucleosidetriphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) does not affect the hydrolysis of NTPs by the gene 4 protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The influence of polyamines on the various activities of DNA polymerase 1 from Escherichia coli ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) has been investigated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An enzyme which enhances the priming activity of gamma irradiated DNA for type 1 DNA polymerase ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) was identified and partially purified from extracts of Bacillus subtilis cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA was isolated in a fairly pure and intact state from cultured mouse leukaemia cells ( L5178Y ) after gamma ray irradiation using a hydroxyapatite column chromatography method , and analysed further by sucrose gradient centrifugation or DNA polymerase ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 , enzyme A of Klenow from Escherichia coli ) assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cytoplasmic DNA polymerase ( DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) was partially purified from Physarum polycephalum . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This is the first report dealing with the effect of 1 beta D arabinofuranosylthymine 5 ' triphosphate ( araTTP ) , synthesized by a new method , on eukaryotic DNA polymerase [ EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In parallel , its template activity was determined by DNA polymerase ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 , enzyme A of Klenow from Escherichia coli ) assay as described previously . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
T 7 DNA polymerase ( DNA nucleotidyltransferase ; deoxynucleosidetriphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) is composed of an 84 , 000 dalton protein specified by the gene 5 of the phage and a 12 , 000 dalton protein ( TsnC protein ) specified by the tsnC gene of E . coli [ Modrich , P . & Richardson , C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It functions in the elongation of RNA or DNA primed single stranded DNA that is catalyzed by DNA polymerase 3 ( DNA nucleotidyltransferase ; deoxynucleosidetriphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase ; EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) in conjunctions with two other E . coli protein preparations referred to as DNA elongation factors 1 and 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Whereas an incubation with polynucleotide ligase can join only 25 % of the single strand breaks , a combined treatemnt with exonuclease 3 ( EC 3 . 1 . 4 . 1 ) , DNA polymerase 1 ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) , and polynucleotide ligase leads to repair of 80 % of the breaks . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previous studies have shown that a large fraction of the host cell deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ) polymerase 1 ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) becomes associated with the cell membrane shortly after infection with bacteriophages T 4 and T 7 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Elongation of a primed single stranded DNA template catalyzed by E . coli DNA polymerase 3 ( DNA nucleotidyltransferase , deoxynucleosidetriphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) requires dnaZ protein and two other protein factors , DNA elongation factors 1 and 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In each case , the ability of a compound to bind to DNA correlate with its ability to inhibit the activity of DNA dependent DNA polymerase ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) extracted from mouse leukemia L 1210 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The primed and unprimed synthesis of poly ( dA dA dT ) by calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha ( DNA nucleotidyltransferase ; deoxynucleoside triphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) has been compared to replication of activated DNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate substrates for DNA synthesis were hydrolysed during the DNA polymerase ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) assay with cytoplasmic subcellular fractions of rat intestinal mucosa . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The fractionated chromatin was assayed for DNA dependent DNA polymerase ( DNA mucleotidyl transferase EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) activity with and without exogenous activated DNA serving as template . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of intercalating compounds such as 9 aminoacridine , quinacrine ( atebrin ) , proflavine and daunomycin on the activity of DNA polymerase 1 ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) was studied in vitro and compared with the binding of these acridines to native DNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Enzymes of DNA synthesis , thymidine kinase ( ATP thymidine 5 ' phospho transferase , EC 2 . 7 . 1 . 21 ) , DNA polymerase ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) and nuclease activities were investigated in isolated purified nuclei of swine aorta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA synthesizing reactions catalyzed both large and small species of calf thymus DNA polymerase ( DNA polymerase alpha and beta ) [ EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ] were stimulated to comparable extents by the presence of spermidine or spermine , and it was not possible to differentiate these two species in terms of their sensitivities to polyamines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A factor which inhibited DNA polymerase [ EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ] activity was isolated from the cytoplasm of plasmodia of true slime mold , Physarum polycephalum . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In a reaction mixture containing calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha ( DNA nucleotidyltransferase ; deoxynucleosidetriphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase ; EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) , calf thymus DNA unwinding protein , DNA , deoxyadenosine 5 ' triphosphate and deoxythymidine 5 ' triphosphate , a copolymer of deoxyadenylate and deoxythymidylate is synthesized after a lag period of 1 2 hr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The endogenous DNA polymerase ( DNA nucleotidyl transferase ; deoxynucleosidetriphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase ; EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) reaction appears to repair this single stranded gap . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A procedure is described by which a discrete high molecular weight RNA transcription product can be used as a primer by DNA polymerase ( DNA nucleotidyltransferase ; EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ; deoxynucleoside triphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase ) for determining nucleic acid sequence in the template DNA beyond the 3 ' terminus of the transcript . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Only Be2+ altered the accuracy of DNA synthesis using purified DNA polymerase ( DNA nucleotidyltransferase ; deoxynucleosidetriphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase ; EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) from avian myeloblastosis virus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase ( deoxynucleosidetriphosphate : DNA nucleotidyltransferase , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 or DNA nucleotidyltransferase ) activity , isolated from late and early passage cells of the diploid human fibroblast line , MRC 5 , was compared . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase 1 ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ; deoxynucleosidetriphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase ) has been recovered as a complex of about 390 , 000 molecular weight . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During the fractionation of various enzymes concerned with DNA synthesis from the postmicrosomal supernatant fraction of various tissues , DNA polymerace [ EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ] , thymidine kinase [ EC 2 . 7 . 1 . 75 ] , dTMP kinase [ EC 2 . 7 . 4 . 9 ] , deoxycytidine kinase [ EC 2 . 7 . 1 . 74 ] , and deoxycytidine monophosphokinase ( dCMP kinase ) [ EC 2 . 7 . 4 . 14 ] were found in the pellet fraction of postmicrosomal supernatant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A stable DNA polymerase ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) has been purified from the extremely thermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga sp . strain FjSS 3 B . 1 by a five step purification procedure . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently we have found that only the acetylated form of the protein generates tetramers , stimulates the activity of DNA polymerase alpha ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) ( with activated DNA as a template ) and forms a specific complex with it . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The heavy membrane complex form of 3 ' 5 ' exonuclease 1 manifests enzymatic activities of DNA polymerase alpha ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) , non specific nucleoside triphosphatase ( EC 3 . 1 . 3 . 2 ) , nucleotidase ( EC 3 . 1 . 3 . 31 ) and faint activity of endonuclease ( EC 3 . 1 . 4 . 5 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Replication of UV irradiated circular single stranded phage M 13 DNA by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 6 ) and DNA polymerase 3 holoenzyme ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) in the presence of single stranded DNA binding protein yielded full length as well as partially replicated products . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Affinity labelling of human placenta DNA polymerase alpha ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) with the reactive oligodeoxyribonucleotide d ( pT ) 2pC [ Pt2+ ( NH 3 ) 2OH ] ( pT ) 7 was used for quantitative analysis of enzyme interaction with oligodeoxyribonucleotides as templates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA primase ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 6 ) produces an RNA oligomer of approximately 10 bases , which is required by DNA polymerase alpha ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) for the initiation of DNA synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human placental extracts contain a specific inhibitor of mammalian retroviral RNA directed DNA polymerase ( deoxynucleosidetriphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects of various new anthracycline antibiotics on DNA and RNA synthesis were studied using DNA polymerase 1 ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) , RNA polymerase ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 6 ) obtained from Escherichia coli and reverse transcriptase obtained from avian myeloblastosis virus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Viral particles and RNA directed DNA polymerase ( RDDP , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ; reverse transcriptase ) are both detectable in human breast tumors but the frequency and significance of these findings are unknown . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three ataxia telangiectasia homozygotes , one heterozygote and normal fibroblast strains were compared as to the capacity of their cellular extracts to enhance the priming activity of gamma irradiated colicin E 1 DNA for purified DNA polymerase ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) of Escherichia coli . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A novel form of DNA polymerase 1 ( deoxynucleosidetriphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase , DNA nucleotidyltransferase , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) activity has been isolated from Escherichia coli cells that had been activated for expression of the DNA damage inducible genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A multienzyme complex containing at least DNA polymerase ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) , thymidine kinase ( EC 2 . 7 . 1 . 21 ) , dTMP kinase ( EC 2 . 7 . 4 . 9 ) nucleoside diphosphokinase ( EC 2 . 7 . 4 . 6 ) and thymidylate synthetase was separated from the corresponding free enzymes of DNA precursor synthesis by gel filtration of a gently lysed preparation of HPB ALL cells ( a human lymphoblastoid cell line ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The triphosphate form of the acyclovir analog BW759U ( 9 [ [ 2 hydroxy 1 ( hydroxymethyl ) ethoxy ] methyl ] guanine ) inhibited the DNA polymerases ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) from several strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A monoclonal antibody against purified calf DNA polymerase alpha ( deoxynucleosidetriphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) was used to immunoprecipitate proteins from a crude soluble extract of growing monkey BSC 1 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Chinese hamster V 79 cell mutant aphr 4 2 , selected for its resistance to aphidicolin , a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha ( DNA nucleotidyltransferase , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) , is characterized by slow growth , UV sensitivity , and hypersensitivity to UV induced mutation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
With phi X 174 DNA as a template , the gene 4 protein enables T 7 DNA polymerase ( deoxynucleosidetriphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) to initiate DNA synthesis at 13 major sites . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The frequencies are in the range found for the reversion of the phage in vivo and so are consistent with errors in nucleotide selection by DNA polymerase ( deoxynucleosidetriphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) 3 being largely responsible for the rate of spontaneous mutation in vivo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A diadenosine 5 ' , 5 ' ' ' P 1 , P 4 tetraphosphate ( Ap4A ) binding subunit has been resolved from a high molecular weight ( 640 , 000 ) multiprotein form of DNA polymerase alpha [ deoxynucleoside triphosphate : DNA nucleotidyltransferase ( DNA directed ) , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ] from HeLa cells [ DNA polymerase alpha 2 of Lamothe , P . , Baril , B . , Chi , A . , Lee , L . & Baril , E . ( 1981 ) Proc . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thymidine kinase [ EC 2 . 7 . 1 . 21 ] activity and the pools of triphosphates of thymidine and deoxyadenosine were appreciably reduced in DL HAVA treated cells , whereas DNA polymerase [ EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ] activity was not changed significantly . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show that rATP DNP is a substrate for calf thymus deoxynucleotidyl terminal transferase ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 31 ) and E . coli DNA polymerase 1 ( Kornberg polymerase EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 . ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Specific inhibitors and anti DNA polymerase alpha IgG have been utilized to probe for similarities between cytoplasmic rat hepatic glucocorticoid receptors and DNA polymerase alpha [ DNA nucleotidyltransferase ( DNA directed ) , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The purified high molecular weight form of HeLa cell DNA polymerase alpha ( deoxynucleosidetriphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) was shown to associate tightly with several aminoacyl tRNA synthetase activities . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis by electron microscopy shows that T 7 DNA polymerase [ DNA nucleotidyltransferase ( DNA directed ) , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ] and gene 4 protein initiate DNA synthesis at randomly located nicks on duplex DNA to produce branched molecules . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three forms of DNA polymerase alpha [ DNA nucleotidyltransferase ( DNA directed ) , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ] were partially purified from the combined nuclear extract and postmicrosomal supernatant solution of synchronized HeLa cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunoglobulin ( IgG ) and the F ( ab ' ) 2 fragment of IgG were prepared from serum of a rabbit immunized with purified calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha ( deoxynucleosidetriphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase , EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The entire cDNA encoding the large subunit of mouse DNA polymerase delta ( mPol delta ; EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) has been cloned and expressed in various bacterial expression systems . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On an M 13 DNA template , RNA primed DNA synthesis catalyzed by the purified complex of DNA primase ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 6 ) and DNA polymerase alpha ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) was decreased an average of 70 % in the absence of GTP , compared with synthesis in the presence of 0 . 5 mM GTP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase epsilon [ DNA pol epsilon ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) ] is one of the four nuclear DNA polymerases in eukaryotic cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A consensus primer PCR method which amplifies a region of herpesviral DNA directed DNA polymerase ( EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 ) and which uses degenerate primers in a nested format was developed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerases ( deoxynucleosidetriphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 . ) were extracted from regenerating livers from young and aged rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerases ( deoxynucleoside triphosphate : DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase EC 2 . 7 . 7 . 7 . ) were extracted from the regenerating livers of rats of various ages . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In a polA polB dnaE strain strand rejoining occurred at 32 degree C but not at 42 degree C , indicating that some DNA synthesis was required for formation of intact recombinant molecules . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It was found that polA and polC extracts are deficient in the synthesis of supercoiled plasmid DNA , whereas the polB mutation has not effect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The polB gene encoding deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ) polymerase 2 has been located close to a mutator gene , mutT 1 , in Escherichia coli . ^^^ Recombinants formed from a mutant defective in DNA polymerase 2 ( polB 100 ) and mutT 1 are deficient in polymerase 2 and have the same mutator phenotype as mutT 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Isolation of DNA damage inducible promoters in Escherichia coli : regulation of polB ( dinA ) , dinG , and dinH by LexA repressor . ^^^ Additional experiments have revealed that the nucleotide sequence of the gene immediately downstream of the DNA damage inducible polB locus encodes a polypeptide which has extensive sequence homology to several known and putative DNA and RNA helicase proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have purified the DNA polymerase 2 of Escherichia coli from the recombinant strain carrying the plasmid which encodes the polB gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The polB gene of Escherichia coli encodes DNA polymerase 2 whose role in vivo is not defined . ^^^ The polB gene has been cloned and shown to be identical to a DNA damage inducible gene dinA which is regulated by the LexA repressor . ^^^ Nucleotide sequencing of polB reveals that E coli DNA polymerase 2 is highly homologous to replicative DNA polymerases of eukaryotes which include human DNA polymerase alpha and Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA polymerases 1 , 2 and 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Escherichia coli polB gene , which encodes DNA polymerase 2 , is regulated by the SOS system . ^^^ The dinA ( damage inducible ) gene was previously identified as one of the SOS genes with no known function ; it was mapped near the leuB gene , where the polB gene encoding DNA polymerase 2 was also mapped . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By the criteria of restriction pattern of the polB gene , molecular weight of the protein , and antibody inhibition of reaction , DNA polymerase 2 can be demonstrated to be a distinct DNA polymerase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate further the role of individual DNA polymerases in replication , we have isolated the polB gene on multicopy plasmids . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Many temperature resistant revertants of a polA 1 polB polCts ( HS 432 ) strain are PolI+ ( by either suppression of the polA 1 amber allele or intragenic reversion ) but remain polCts ( contain a temperature sensitive DNA polymerase 3 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cell survival , the rates of DNA and protein synthesis , stabilization and repair of single stranded DNA breaks were measured for Escherichia coli K 12 pol+ , polA 1 , polB 1 , polC ( ts ) cells during thymine deprivation . ^^^ The results indicate that single stranded breaks in DNA induced by thymine deprivation play no major role in thymineless death of thy polB cells , which is similar to thy recB mutant lacking exonuclease 5 . ^^^ Probably , the dependence of exonuclease 5 activity on the presence of DNA polymerase 2 ( the polB gene product ) exists which determines molecular mechanisms of thymineless death of thy polB cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of the balance of DNA and protein syntheses in thymine starvation on the mutability of thy cells deficient in polA , polB and polC genes ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The presence of a Pol 3 antimutator allele ( dnaE 915 ) reduced adaptive mutations in both polB+ cells and cells deleted for polB ( polB delta 1 ) to below the wild type level , suggesting that both Pol 2 and Pol 3 are synthesizing episomal DNA in nondividing cells but that in wild type cells Pol 3 generates the adaptive mutations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We screened the following host mutator mutations for effects on spontaneous mutation rates in T 4 : mutT ( destruction of aberrant dGTPs ) , polA , polB and polC ( DNA polymerases ) , dnaQ ( exonucleolytic proofreading ) , mutH , mutS , mutL and uvrD ( methyl directed DNA mismatch repair ) , mutM and mutY ( excision repair of oxygen damaged DNA ) , mutA ( function unknown ) , and topB and osmZ ( affecting DNA topology ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We examined the effects of mutations in the polA ( encoding DNA polymerase 1 ) and polB ( DNA polymerase 2 ) genes on inducible and constitutive stable DNA replication ( iSDR and cSDR , respectively ) , the two alternative DNA replication systems of Escherichia coli . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase 2 ( polB ) is involved in a new DNA repair pathway for DNA interstrand cross links in Escherichia coli . ^^^ Because cells deficient in either recombination ( recA ) or DNA polymerase 2 ( polB ) are hypersensitive to nitrogen mustard killing , E . coli appears to have two pathways for cross link repair : an NER / recombination pathway ( which is possible when the cross links are formed in cells where recombination can occur because there are multiple copies of the genome ) and an NER / DNA polymerase 2 pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase 2 ( pol 2 ) , encoded by the dinA ( polB ) gene , is induced as part of the global SOS response to DNA damage . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Neither polA ( DNA polymerase 1 ) nor polB ( DNA polymerase 2 ) genes are required for the mutA phenotype , suggesting that the phenotype is mediated through a modification of DNA polymerase 3 or the activation of a previously unidentified DNA polymerase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We describe here the isolation and characterization of a B type DNA polymerase ( PolB ) from the archaeon Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum DeltaH . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two different genes ( polA and polB ) encoding family B DNA polymerases were cloned from the organism by PCR using degenerated primers based on the two conserved motifs ( motif A and B ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results indicated that the DNA Pol 4 mutator activity is independent of polA , polB , recA , umuDC , uvrA , and mutS functions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The protein truncation test ( PTT ) was used to screen 136 healthy volunteers for protein truncating variants of 10 DNA repair genes : APE , CDK 7 , ERCC 1 , WAF 1 , HOGG 1 , MGMT , POLB , UNG , HAAG , and CCNH . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By constructing and using E . coli strain AM 124 ( polA polB umuDC dinB lexA 1 [ Ind ] ) , we show here that the UVM response is manifested in cells deficient for SOS induction , as well as for all four of the ' non replicative ' DNA polymerases , namely DNA polymerase 1 ( polA ) , 2 ( polB ) , 4 ( dinB ) and 5 ( umuDC ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we show that , depending upon the nature of the DNA damage and its sequence context , the two additional SOS inducible DNA polymerases , Pol 2 ( polB ) and Pol 4 ( dinB ) , are also involved in error free and mutagenic translesion synthesis ( TLS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inactivation of polB , dinB , and umuD , C genes coding for `` SOS ' ' DNA polymerases did not affect significantly the efficiency or fidelity of translesion synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While base substitutions induced by UV light or abasic sites require DNA polymerase 5 ( Pol 5 ; umuDC ) , the AAF induced 2 frameshift pathway requires DNA polymerase 2 , the polB gene product . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA polymerase 2 , the product of the damage inducible polB ( dinA ) gene plays a pivotal role in replication restart , a process that bypasses DNA damage in an error free manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Representatives of this motif are present in most sequenced members of the eubacterial DnaE , PolC , PolB , DinB , and UmuC families of DNA polymerases and the MutS 1 mismatch repair protein family . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we report that DNA pol 4 is involved in 1 frameshift mutagenesis induced by 4 nitroquinoline N oxide ( 4 NQO ) and that the expression level of the chromosomal pol 4 gene is 6 12 times higher than those for other SOS inducible DNA polymerases in E . coli , i . e . , DNA pol 2 ( PolB ) or DNA pol 5 ( UmuDC ) , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the pre UV stressed polB ( + ) cells were significantly more UV resistant and after UV synthesized larger DNA molecules than the pre UV stressed polB ( ) cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Selected SNPs belong to the following genes : ADH1B , ALDH 2 , APEX , CDKN2A , COMT , CYP1A1 , CYP1A2 , CYP1B1 , CYP2A6 , CYP2C19 , CYP2C9 , CYP2E1 , CYP3A4 , DRD 2 , DRD 4 , EPHX 1 , ERCC 1 , ERCC 2 , ERCC 4 , ERCC 5 , GRPR , GSTA 4 , GSTM 3 , GSTP 1 , GSTT 2 , LIG 3 , MDM 2 , MGMT , MPO , NAT 1 , NAT 2 , NQO 1 , OGG 1 , PCNA , POLB , SLC6A3 , SOD 2 , TP 53 , XRCC 1 , XRCC 2 , XRCC 3 , and XRCC 9 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No induction at the transcriptional level of any of the base excision repair genes , NTH 1 ( NTHL 1 ) , OGG 1 , NEIL 1 , NEIL 2 , NEIL 3 , APE 1 , POLB , or accessory protein genes , LIG 3 , XRCC 1 or XPG , was found at gamma radiation doses ranging from 1 cGy to 2 Gy in a 24 h period . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Molecular evolution of a mitochondrial polB gene , encoding a family B DNA polymerase , towards the elimination from Agrocybe mitochondrial genomes . ^^^ Two genes ( Ac polB O1and Ac polB O 2 ) , each encoding a family B DNA polymerase , were characterized from the mitochondrial genome of the basidiomycete Agrocybe chaxingu . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Here we report the identification and bioinformatics characterization of an intein in the DNA polymerase PolB gene of amoeba infecting Mimivirus , the largest known double stranded DNA virus , the origin of which has been proposed to predate the emergence of eukaryotes . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : The intriguing association of an extremophilic archaeal type intein with a mesophilic eukaryotic like PolB in Mimivirus is consistent with the hypothesis that DNA viruses might have been the central reservoir of inteins throughout the course of evolution . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The differentially expressed genes between diffuse and nodular samples included some related to DNA stability and repair ( TALDO 1 , PRDX 2 , DDB 1 , XRCC 1 , and POLB ) , RNA stability and degradation ( OASL and AUF 1 ) , protein synthesis and processing ( PFDN 5 , HSPD 1 , and NACA ) , cell growth ( CDC25C and GRPR ) , and tumorigenesis and cell cycle ( VIL 2 and TPD 52 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 1538 has six DNA polymerases and four of them are encoded by damage inducible SOS genes , i . e . polB ( ST ) ( pol 2 ) , dinB ( ST ) ( pol 4 ) , umuDC ( ST ) ( pol 5 ) and samAB . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated 44 single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) in 20 DNA repair genes including nucleotide excision repair ( NER ) genes XPA , ERCC 1 , ERCC2 / XPD , ERCC4 / XPF and ERCC5 / XPG ; base excision repair ( BER ) genes APE1 / APEX , OGG 1 , MPG , XRCC 1 , PCNA , POLB , POLiota , LIG 3 and EXO 1 ; double strand break repair ( DSB R ) genes XRCC 2 , XRCC 3 , XRCC 9 , NBS 1 and ATR ; and direct damage reversal ( DR ) gene MGMT / AGT . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To better understand the specificity of specialized DNA polymerases to bypass lesions , we have constructed a set of derivatives of Salmonella typhimurium TA 1538 harboring plasmids carrying the polB , dinB or mucAB genes encoding Escherichia coli DNA polymerase 2 , DNA polymerase 4 or DNA polymerase RI , respectively , and examined the mutability to 30 chemicals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06746 and P27695	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The candidate genes belong to different DNA repair pathways : base excision repair ( OGG 1 , LIG 3 , APEX , POLB , XRCC 1 , PCNA , and MUTYH ) , nucleotide excision repair ( ERCC 1 , ERCC 2 , ERCC 4 , and ERCC 5 ) , double strand breaks repair ( XRCC 2 , XRCC 3 , and XRCC 9 ) , and reversion repair ( MGMT ) genes . ^^^