| Interacting proteins: P81133 and P27540 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P81133 and P27540 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Drosophila single minded , which acts as a positive master gene regulator in central nervous system midline formation in Drosophila , its two mouse homologs SIM 1 and SIM 2 , and the mammalian aryl hydrocarbon receptor ( AHR ) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator ( ARNT ) proteins are members of the basic helix loop helix . ^^^ In the yeast two hybrid system , we demonstrate strong constitutive interaction of ARNT with SIM 1 and SIM 2 and fully ligand dependent interaction of ARNT with AHR . ^^^ Both the helix loop helix and the PAS regions of SIM 1 and of ARNT are required for efficient heterodimerization . ^^^ The interaction of ARNT with SIM 1 was confirmed with in vitro synthesized proteins . ^^^ Thus mouse SIM 1 and SIM 2 are novel heterodimerization partners for ARNT in vitro , and they may function both as positive and negative transcriptional regulators in vivo , during embryogenesis and in the adult organism . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P81133 and P27540 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ARNT 2 acts as the dimerization partner of SIM 1 for the development of the hypothalamus . ^^^ Here , we provide evidence that Sim 1 and Arnt 2 form dimers in vitro , that they are co expressed in the PVN and SON , and that their loss of function affects the development of the same sets of neuroendocrine cell types within the PVN and SON . ^^^ Together , these results implicate ARNT 2 as the in vivo dimerization partner of SIM 1 in controlling the development of these neuroendocrine lineages . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P81133 and P27540 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Taken together , our results demonstrate that Arnt 2 is an indispensable transcription factor for the development of the hypothalamus , and suggest that Arnt 2 is an obligatory partner molecule of Sim 1 in the developmental process of the neuroendocrinological cell lineages . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P81133 and P27540 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Arnt 2 ( / ) embryos die perinatally and exhibit impaired hypothalamic development , phenotypes previously observed for a targeted mutation in the murine bHLH PAS gene Sim 1 ( Single minded 1 ) , and consistent with the recent proposal that ARNT 2 and SIM 1 form an essential heterodimer in vivo [ Michaud , J . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P81133 and P27540 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In cell lines engineered to stably express SIM 1 and SIM 2 , we show that both are nuclear proteins that constitutively complex with the general bHLH / PAS partner factor , ARNT . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P81133 and P27540 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both SIM 1 and AHR require heterodimerization either with ARNT or ARNT 2 to function . ^^^ Here , we characterize the promoter for Sim 1 and show that a consensus AHR ARNT / 2 binding site positively regulates its activity in the context of transfection experiments in Neuro 2A cells . ^^^ A gel shift assay indicated that AHR ARNT / 2 can bind its putative site in the Sim 1 promoter . ^^^ Overexpression of Arnt , Arnt 2 , or Ahr increased the activity of a reporter construct containing the Sim 1 promoter by 1 . 8 , 1 . 5 , and 2 . 2 fold , respectively , but failed to do so when the AHR ARNT / 2 binding site was mutated . ^^^ We conclude that Sim 1 expression is regulated by AHR ARNT / 2 . ^^^ |
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