Pubmed abstracts for Protein-Protein Interaction search result :

Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.93019318
VEGF binds and activates two tyrosine kinase receptors called VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 and neuropilin 1 . 0.93019318^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.58807202
Although VEGF A binds two receptors , VEGFR 1 and 2 , a newly isolated ligand VEGF E ( Orf virus derived VEGF ) binds and activates only VEGFR 2 . 0.58807202^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.61720769
VEGF A , the prototype VEGF ligand , binds and activates two tyrosine kinase receptors : VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( KDR / Flk 1 ) . 0.61720769^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.78491128
Flk 1 binds VEGF with high affinity , undergoes autophosphorylation , and mediates VEGF dependent Ca2+ efflux in Xenopus oocytes injected with Flk 1 mRNA . 0.78491128^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.72026789
Flt 1 and Flk 1 have been shown to play key roles in vascular development ; these two receptors bind and are activated by vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) . 0.72026789^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.7031168
The potential binding site of VEGF with its receptor was identified using cellulose bound overlapping peptides of the extracytosolic part of the human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) . 0.7031168^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.51711057
We previously raised a neutralizing anti VEGF monoclonal antibody 2C3 that blocks the interaction of VEGF with VEGFR 2 ( KDR / Flk 1 ) but not with VEGFRI ( FLT 1 / flt 1 ) . 0.51711057^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.85370112
VEGF binds and activates two tyrosine kinase receptors , VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( KDR / Flk 1 ) , and stimulates endothelial cell growth , survival , and vascular permeability . 0.85370112^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.64371078
In conclusion , the present study showed that the up regulated expression of VEGF and its interaction with Flk 1 in small for size liver grafts might facilitate the activities of macrophages . . 0.64371078^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.64844798
These novel findings suggest that targeting the release of VEGF from tumor epithelial cells as well as blocking interactions between VEGF and VEGFR 2 on both endothelial and tumor epithelial cells may facilitate the development of new antiangiogenic therapies for progestin dependent breast tumors . 0.64844798^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Design of a variant of vascular endothelial growth factor A ( VEGF A ) antagonizing KDR / Flk 1 and Flt 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We demonstrate here the marked expression of VEGF A as well as VEGFR 2 and 3 in capillaries . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF A binds and activates two receptors , VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( KDR / Flk 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cardiac expression of VEGF A but not its receptor KDR is blunted in dilated cardiomyopathy ( DCM ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF A , KDR , ET 1 , and ET ( B ) R were variably expressed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF A 165 displays multiple effects through binding to KDR ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF A binds to and activates two tyrosine kinase receptors , VEGFR ( VEGF receptor ) 1 and VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we show that both VEGF A and VEGF C induce the interaction of NRP 2 with VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A VEGF A splice variant defective for heparan sulfate and neuropilin 1 binding shows attenuated signaling through VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , two VPF receptors , kdr and flt 1 , are overexpressed by papillary dermal microvascular endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
So far , two VEGF / VPF receptors ( VEGF / VPF R ) have been identified ( KDR , and flt 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF mRNA was also increased on day 3 , accompanied by an increase in flt family ( flt 1 and KDR / flk 1 ) mRNA expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The newly cloned FLT 4 receptor tyrosine kinase gene encodes a protein related to the VEGF receptors FLT 1 and KDR / FLK 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These structural characteristics are shared by the members of the recently discovered VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) family . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF possesses two high affinity receptors , KDR and FLT 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The specific receptors of VEGF , flt 1 and KDR were also detected in gastric mucosa . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two receptors , KDR and Flt 1 , have been identified for VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report in this in vivo study that hypoxia increases mRNA levels for both VEGF and Flk 1 in the rat lung . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF receptors 1 and 2 ( fit 1 and flk 1 ) are endothelial specific receptor tyrosine kinases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Several compounds , including anti VEGF antibodies and VEGFR 2 inhibitors are currently in clinical trial . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , we show that caveolin 1 can function as a negative regulator of VEGF R ( KDR ) signal transduction in vivo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These cells also showed an intense immunoreactivity for the VEGF receptor flk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There was differential expression of the VEGF receptors , Flt 1 and Flk 1 , in hypoxic T 6 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The different VEGF ' s recognize signalling tyrosine kinase receptors ( Flt 1 , Flk 1 and Flt 4 ) and accessory receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This can be explained by the upregulation of the VEGF receptors ( KDR & flt 1 ) by thrombin treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Such studies have attributed the majority of VEGF induced responses to activation of VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Acute elevation of VEGF in the mice plasma resulted in a similar kinetics of mobilization of VEGFR 2 ( + ) cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the endothelium , NRP is expressed together with KDR , a VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The biological effects of VEGF are mediated by two tyrosine kinase receptors , Flt 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) and KDR ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclic stretch resulted in phosphorylation of the VEGF receptor KDR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Normal , damaged , and regenerating glomerular endothelial cells expressed VEGF receptor flk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of KDR ( one of the VEGF receptors ) mRNA in tumor exceeded that in normal tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF initiates signaling by dimerizing the receptors VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SU 5416 is a competitive inhibitor of VEGF receptor subtypes VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 and stem cell factor receptor c kit . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Distribution of the administered antibody and expressions of VEGF and Flk 1 were examined immunohistochemically . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both VEGF receptors , FLT 1 and KDR , followed a similar pattern . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The biological effects of VEGF are mediated by two tyrosine kinase receptors , Flt 1 ( VEGFr 1 ) and KDR ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Their abnormal vascular phenotype resembled those of VEGF and VEGFR 2 knockouts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemistry staining revealed strong VEGF and VEGFR 2 ( Flk 1 ) expression in tumor cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we demonstrate that VEGF and its receptors VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 are expressed in human surgical samples of HD . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A neoangiogenesis and blood cell gene cluster included LCK , HCK , FGR , MMP 9 , CSFR 1 , VEGF , FLT 1 , and KDR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF acts via two high affinity receptors : KDR and FLT 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We studied by immunohistochemical techniques the expression of VEGF and its receptor flk 1 in meningiomas . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The viral VEGFs are unique among the family in that they recognize VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) but not VEGFR 1 or VEGFR 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Notch mediated reduction in VEGFR 2 expression results in decreased EC proliferation in response to VEGF but not bFGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of VEGF and VEGF receptors KDR and neuropilin 1 ( NRP 1 ) was detected in these cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PCPV ( VR 634 ) VEGF bound VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) but did not bind VEGFR 1 or VEGFR 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ; KDR ) could also be identified in microvessels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both VEGF receptors ( flt 1 and flk 1 ) were identified on endothelial cells of epicardial arteries and veins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect on VEGFR 2 function was due to direct binding and sequestration of VEGF 165 by ADAMTS 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF mediates its actions through activation of two receptor tyrosine kinases , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This was achieved even though the viral VEGFs bound VEGFR 2 less avidly than did VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Liver mRNA expression of VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) , VEGFR 3 , Smad 5 , and Smad 7 was also significantly altered . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mRNA for two VEGF receptors , Flt 1 and Flk 1 , was present in rMVECs and cMVECs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These cells also express the VEGF receptor Flk 1 and secrete VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SU 5416 is a small molecule inhibitor of VEGF mediated signaling through Flk 1 , a transmembrane tyrosine kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The biological activity of VEGF is mediated by two different receptor tyrosine kinases : VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This response is mediated by VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) and transcriptional activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gene transfer of human VEGF ( 121 ) increased KDR and MT 1 MMP expression in SHRs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the other hand , mRNA levels of VEGF receptor , KDR , decreased approximately by 50 % over the course of CI . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hypoxia also induced the expression in T cells of VEGFR 2 , suggesting that T cells might also respond to VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also performed immunohistochemical staining for the VEGF receptors Flt 1 and KDR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , VEGF A binds VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 and is an essential hemangiogenic factor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF receptor VEGFR 2 levels were also reduced at 5 wk ( by 51 % ) and returned to control values by 8 wk . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tyrosine kinases Flt 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) and Flk 1 / KDR ( VEGFR 2 ) are high affinity VEGF receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Biological effects of VEGF are mediated by endothelial cell surface receptors , KDR and Flt 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Dopamine in vivo inhibits VEGF induced phosphorylation of VEGFR 2 , MAPK , and focal adhesion kinase in endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Low oxygen increased expression of VEGF , but not that of the VEGF receptor ( Flk 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF receptor Flt 1 and Flk 1 play key roles in angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During hypoxia , expression levels of VEGF , Flk 1 , and Nrp 1 were elevated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , VEGF receptors ( VEGFR ) 1 , VEGFR 2 and neurophilin 1 are expressed in A 375 melanoma cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This finding is consistent with the altered expression of vegf , flt 1 , kdr , and tie 1 in the mutant embryos . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ZD 6474 is an orally available , small molecule , dual VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lung VEGF , VEGFR 2 , and eNOS protein expression were reduced after hyperoxia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor ( VEGFR ) are critical regulators of tumor angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tyrosine kinases Flt 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) and Flk 1 / KDR ( VEGFR 2 ) are high affinity VEGF receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using this strategy , we generated HAPs with K ( D ) s below 1 nM for VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) and c Met . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , VEGF receptors KDR and / or Flt 1 were decreased in BPD . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prostate cancer cells expressed the mRNA for VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) neuropilin 1 but not the VEGFRs Flt 1 or KDR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
After injury , VEGFR 2 expression increases and its distribution corresponds to VEGF one . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : VEGF , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 positive cells were immunodetected in E 14 and E 18 bladders . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Morphine as well as VEGF induced phospho STAT 3 and phospho Flk 1 immunoprecipitated with MOR associated proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bioactivity of TNF in tissues was confirmed by overexpression of Icam 1 , Sele , Vegfa , Flt 1 and Kdr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor A ( here referred to as VEGF ) is an endothelium specific growth factor that binds to two distinct receptor tyrosine kinases , designated Flt 1 and KDR / Flk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TGF beta 1 decreased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A ( VEGF A ) mRNA and protein , and the abundance of Flk 1 mRNA in the lung mesenchyme . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The activity of ZD 6474 versus KDR tyrosine kinase translates into potent inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor A ( VEGF ) stimulated endothelial cell ( human umbilical vein endothelial cell ) proliferation in vitro ( IC ( 50 ) = 60 nM ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES : In tumors , vascular endothelial growth factor A ( VEGF A ) stimulates angiogenesis and vascular permeability by activating the tyrosine kinase receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 or KDR / Flk 1 ) and 1 ( VEGFR 1 or Flt 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor A ( VEGF A ( 165 ) ) exerts multiple effects upon binding to the fms like tyrosine kinase 1 ( Flt 1 ) and the kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PURPOSE : Vascular endothelial growth factor A ( VEGF A ) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) are often coexpressed in breast cancer , and potentially affect cellular pathways and key proteins such as the estrogen receptor ( ER ) targeted by endocrine treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To analyze the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A ( VEGF A ) and receptors ( VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 ) in endometrial blood vessels , as well as microvascular density ( MVD ) , in endometrial biopsy samples from idiopathic menorrhagia patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor A ( VEGF A ) and its 2 transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , constitute a ligand receptor signaling system that is crucial for developmental angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The vascular endothelial growth factor A ( VEGF A ) is a cytokine that promotes angiogenesis through the activation of two tyrosine kinase receptors , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , on vascular endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor A ( VEGF ) , which binds to both VEGF receptor 1 ( Flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( KDR / Flk 1 ) , requires nitric oxide ( NO ) to induce angiogenesis in a cGMP dependent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , the gene encoding vascular permeability factor ( VPF ) or vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and the genes encoding its receptors ( kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) and fms like tyrosine kinase 1 [ fit 1 ] ) have been cloned . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Uterine smooth muscle cells express functional receptors ( flt 1 and KDR ) for vascular permeability factor / vascular endothelial growth factor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , also known as vascular permeability factor ( VPF ) , and its receptors Flt 1 and KDR ( Flk 1 in mouse ) and their localization in the human testis were analyzed by means of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) , Western blotting and immunohistochemistry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In an effort to obtain a more integrated understanding of vascular stroma formation in breast carcinoma , we examined expression of the angiogenic factor vascular permeability factor ( VPF ) / vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) ; the VPF / VEGF receptors flt 1 and KDR ; thrombospondin 1 , which has been reported to inhibit angiogenesis ; and the stromal components collagen type 1 , total fibronectin , ED A+ fibronectin , versican , and decorin by mRNA in situ hybridization on frozen sections of 113 blocks of breast tissue from 68 patients including 28 sections of breast tissue without malignancy , 18 with in situ carcinomas , 56 with invasive carcinomas , and 8 with metastatic carcinomas . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular permeability factor ( VPF ) / vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) achieves its multiple functions by activating two receptor tyrosine kinases , Flt 1 ( VEGF receptor 1 ) and KDR ( VEGF receptor 2 ) , both of which are selectively expressed on primary vascular endothelium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In situ hybridization was performed on formalin fixed paraffin sections using ( 35 ) S labeled riboprobes for collagen type 1 , total fibronectin , extra domain A ( ED A ) + fibronectin , thrombospondin 1 , vascular permeability factor ( VPF ) / vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , and one of its endothelial receptors , kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) ( vascular endothelial growth factor receptor [ VEGFR 2 ] ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) / vascular permeability factor induces both angiogenesis and vascular permeability mainly through VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF A induces expression of eNOS and iNOS in endothelial cells via VEGF receptor 2 ( KDR ) . ^^^ Using porcine aortic endothelial cells overexpressing either VEGF receptor 2 ( PAE / KDR cells ) or VEGF receptor 1 ( PAE / Flt 1 cells ) , we have studied the regulation of iNOS and eNOS expression in response to VEGF A stimulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Like VEGF A , VEGF E was found to bind with high affinity to VEGF receptor 2 ( KDR ) resulting in receptor autophosphorylation and a biphasic rise in free intracellular Ca2+ concentration , whilst in contrast to VEGF A , VEGF E did not bind to VEGF receptor 1 ( Flt 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report that tyrosine phosphorylated VEGFR 2 co immunoprecipitated with beta 3 integrin subunit , but not with beta 1 or beta 5 , from cells stimulated with VEGF A 165 . ^^^ VEGFR 2 phosphorylation and mitogenicity induced by VEGF A 165 were enhanced in cells plated on the alphavbeta 3 ligand , vitronectin , compared with cells plated on the alpha5beta1 ligand , fibronectin or the alpha2beta1 ligand , collagen . ^^^ BV 4 anti beta 3 integrin mAb , which does not interfere with endothelial cell adhesion to vitronectin , reduced ( 1 ) the tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR 2 ; ( 2 ) the activation of downstream transductor phosphoinositide 3 OH kinase ; and ( 3 ) biological effects triggered by VEGF A 165 . ^^^ Besides being the most important survival system for nascent vessels by regulating cell adhesion to matrix , alphavbeta 3 integrin participates in the full activation of VEGFR 2 triggered by VEGF A , which is an important angiogenic inducer in tumors , inflammation and tissue regeneration . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro , VEGF C induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR 2 , a receptor also for VEGF A , as well as that of VEGFR 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A novel function of VEGF receptor 2 ( KDR ) : rapid release of nitric oxide in response to VEGF A stimulation in endothelial cells . ^^^ While KDR expressing PAE / KDR cells responded to VEGF A stimulation with a significant elevation of intracellular cGMP already after 2 min , Flt 1 expressing PAE / Flt 1 cells did not show any signal in this RIA based cGMP assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One of the key molecules promoting angiogenesis is the endothelial cell specific mitogen , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF or VEGF A ) , which acts through two high affinity receptor tyrosine kinases ( VEGFR ) , VEGFR 1 ( or Flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( or KDR / Flk 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF A stimulates many actions of endothelial cells including proliferation , migration , and nitric oxide release via binding to and activation of the two primarily endothelial specific receptor tyrosine kinases KDR and Flt 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although treatment of KS 483 cells with soluble FLT 1 , an agent that blocks binding of VEGF A and B to VEGFR 1 , did not inhibit nodule formation , this observation does not exclude involvement of VEGFR 2 in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation . ^^^ As it is known that VEGF A , C , and D can act through activation of VEGFR 2 , other isoforms might compensate for VEGF A loss . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A possible contribution of VEGF A to the increased formation under hypoxic conditions is unlikely because there was no increased VEGF A expression detected under hypoxic conditions , and the hypoxia induced tube formation by FGF 2 and TNF alpha was not inhibited by soluble VEGFR 1 ( sVEGFR 1 ) , or by antibodies blocking VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results demonstrate that because VEGF C signaling through VEGFR 2 works synergistically with VEGF A , the binding of VEGF C to VEGFR 3 consequently regulates VEGFR 2 signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Molecular analysis using the endothelial markers fli 1 and flk 1 at 1 day of development demonstrates a fundamental distinction between VEGF A requirements for axial and intersegmental vascular structure specification . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Correspondingly , the VEGF C specific receptor flt 4 and the VEGF A receptors flt 1 and flk 1 were up regulated in a temporal sequence similar to that of their agonist proteins in the cortical ring lesion and the region at risk . ^^^ This study suggests that VEGF C and its receptor flt 4 may cooperate with VEGF A and its receptors flt 1 and flk 1 to promote early angiogenesis after stroke , which may in turn contribute to spontaneous reperfusion in this focal thromboembolic stroke model . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We aimed to assess the relationship of the angiogenic cytokines VEGF A , VEGF C , and VEGF D and their receptors VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 in the adenoma carcinoma sequence and in metastatic spread of colorectal cancer ( CRC ) . mRNA expression levels were measured using semi quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 70 CRC ( 35 with paired mucosae ) and 20 adenomatous polyps . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF A is a ligand for the two receptor tyrosine kinases VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( KDR / Flk 1 ) . ^^^ Most biological functions of VEGF A are mediated via VEGFR 2 , whereas the role of VEGFR 1 is largely unknown . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Involvement of VEGFR 2 ( kdr / flk 1 ) but not VEGFR 1 ( flt 1 ) in VEGF A and VEGF C induced tube formation by human microvascular endothelial cells in fibrin matrices in vitro . ^^^ Different forms of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and their cellular receptors ( VEGFR ) are associated with angiogenesis , as demonstrated by the lethality of VEGF A , VEGFR 1 or VEGFR 2 knockout mice . ^^^ Here we have used an in vitro angiogenesis model , consisting of human microvascular endothelial cells ( hMVEC ) cultured on three dimensional ( 3D ) fibrin matrices to investigate the roles of VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 in the process of VEGF A and VEGF C induced tube formation . ^^^ Soluble VEGFR 1 completely inhibited the tube formation induced by the combination of VEGF A and TNF alpha ( VEGF A / TNF alpha ) . ^^^ Blocking monoclonal antibodies specific for VEGFR 2 , but not antibodies specifically blocking VEGFR 1 , were able to inhibit the VEGF A / TNF alpha induced as well as the VEGF C / TNF alpha induced tube formation in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of this study was to examine immunohistochemically the presence of the VEGF family ( VEGF A to D ) and their receptors ( Flt 1 , Flk 1 , and Flt 4 ) in the surgically resected AVM nidus . ^^^ Formalin fixed , paraffin embedded specimens were stained immunohistochemically by the labeled streptavidin biotin method with antibodies against VEGF A to D , as well as Flt 1 , Flk 1 , and Flt 4 . ^^^ In contrast , there were no significant differences in nidus size and age in patients positive for VEGF A , VEGF B , and Flk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Based on the hypothesis that differential VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) expression in the retina is an important determinant of effects of VEGF , this study was conducted to investigate VEGFR expression in the diabetic retina and in an experimental monkey model of VEGF A induced retinopathy . ^^^ METHODS : In retinas of 27 eyes of diabetic donors , 18 eyes of nondiabetic control donors , and 4 monkey eyes injected with PBS or VEGF A , expression patterns of VEGFR 1 , 2 , and 3 in relation to leaky microvessels , as identified by the marker pathologische anatomie Leiden endothelium ( PAL E ) were studied by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ In VEGF A injected monkey eyes , VEGFR 1 , 2 , and 3 and PAL E were expressed in retinal microvessels . ^^^ In diabetic eyes , expression of retinal VEGFR 2 and 3 is increased , mainly in leaky microvessels , and VEGF A induces vascular expression of the VEGF A receptor VEGFR 2 and the VEGF C / D receptor VEGFR 3 . ^^^ These findings indicate a dual role of VEGFs in the physiology and pathophysiology of the retina and suggest that microvascular VEGFR 2 and 3 signaling by VEGFs occurs late in the pathogenesis of DR , possibly initiated by high levels of VEGF A in established nonproliferative DR . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An in vitro kinase assay failed to demonstrate activation of VEGFR 2 upon stimulation with either VEGF E or VEGF A , consistent with the idea that the effect of VEGF A on primary human osteoblasts is mediated via VEGFR 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF A ( 165 ) , B , C , Flt 1 , and KDR were analyzed . ^^^ At protein level , VEGF B and C , Flt 1 , and KDR were not detectable in tissue lysates , whereas VEGF A was increased in stages 3 and 4 . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : VEGF A ( 165 ) is one of the major angiogenesis regulators among the ligands ' family of VEGF , whereas its receptors KDR , and most probably Flt 1 , may contribute to a poor prognosis ( angiogenic ) phenotype , as indicated by their upregulated MRNA levels in stage 3 neuroblastoma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Invasive cytotrophoblasts in early gestation expressed VEGF A , VEGF C , placental growth factor ( PlGF ) , VEGFR 1 , and VEGFR 3 and , at term , VEGF A , PlGF , and VEGFR 1 . ^^^ In severe preeclampsia and hemolysis , elevated liver enzymes , and low platelets syndrome , immunolocalization on tissue sections showed that cytotrophoblast VEGF A and VEGFR 1 staining decreased ; staining for PlGF was unaffected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , neuropilin 1 ( NRP 1 ) has been described as a coreceptor of KDR which potentiates VEGF A activity . ^^^ To assess the contribution of NRP 1 to VEGF A mediated EC proliferation , migration , and PAF synthesis , we used porcine aortic EC ( PAEC ) recombinantly expressing Flt 1 , NRP 1 , KDR or KDR and NRP 1 . ^^^ Cells were stimulated with VEGF A , which binds to Flt 1 , KDR and NRP 1 , and VEGF C , which binds to KDR only . ^^^ VEGF A was 12 . 4 fold more potent than VEGF C in inducing KDR phosphorylation in PAEC KDR . ^^^ VEGF A and VEGF C showed similar potency to mediate PAEC KDR proliferation , migration , and PAF synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemical analysis of the cremaster muscle demonstrated that neovascularization induced by Ad VEGF D Delta N Delta C and by Ad VEGF A ( 165 ) ( an adenovirus encoding the 165 isoform of VEGF A ) was composed primarily of laminin and VEGFR 2 positive vessels containing red blood cells , thus indicating a predominantly angiogenic response . ^^^ In a skin model , Ad VEGF D Delta N Delta C induced angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis , as indicated by staining with laminin , VEGFR 2 , and VEGFR 3 , whereas Ad VEGF A ( 165 ) stimulated the selective growth of blood vessels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Whereas addition of exogenous VEGF A induced EC dispersion , VEGF C , which can also stimulate VEGFR 2 , promoted EC growth without disturbing the EC clusters . ^^^ As AFL 4 induced EC dispersion requires VEGF A stimulation , it is likely that VEGFR 3 signals negatively modulate VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF A is a multifunctional cytokine that is widely expressed by tumor cells and that acts through receptors ( VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , and neuropilin ) that are expressed on vascular endothelium and on some other cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF E is about 45 % homologous to VEGF A at amino acid levels , however , the amino acid residues in VEGF A crucial for the VEGFR 2 binding are not conserved in VEGF E . ^^^ These findings strongly suggest that a common rule exists for VEGFR 2 ligands ( VEGF E ( NZ 7 ) and VEGF A ) that they build up the binding structure for VEGFR 2 through the appropriate interaction between loop 1 and 3 regions . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that cytokines which bind VEGFR 2 ( human VEGF A , human VFM23A , human VEGF C ( deltaNdeltaC ) , and rat VEGF C ( 152 ) ) induced invasion , tube formation , urokinase type PA , tissue type PA , and PA inhibitor 1 , invasion and tube formation as well as signaling via the MAP kinase pathway were efficiently blocked by SU 5416 and anti VEGFR 2 antibodies . ^^^ Taken together , these findings point to the central role of VEGFR 2 in the angiogenic signaling pathways induced by VEGF C ( deltaNdeltaC ) and VEGF A . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine the role of VEGF signaling in embryonic vascular patterning , EBs mutant for a VEGF receptor ( flk 1 ( / ) ) or a signal ( VEGF A ( / ) ) were grafted into quail hosts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Adenoviruses expressing potent VEGFR 2 ligands , VEGF A and VEGF DDeltaNDeltaC , induced the strongest angiogenesis and vascular permeability effects as assessed by capillary vessel and perfusion measurements , modified Miles assay , and MRI . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We measured the gene expression of VEGF ligands ( VEGF A , VEGF B , VEGF C , and VEGF D ) and their receptors ( VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , and VEGFR 3 ) , in normal colorectal tissues ( n = 20 ) , adenomas ( n = 10 ) , and in CRC ( n = 71 ) representing different Duke ' s stages using ribonuclease protection assay , semi quantitative relative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction , together with the pattern of their expression by immunohistochemistry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF A induced autophosphorylation of c Fes only in KDR / PAE cells , suggesting that VEGFR 2 was required for its activation . ^^^ However , VEGFR 2 , insulin receptor substrate 1 , and c Src were also involved in VEGF A induced activation of PI 3 kinase , resulting in the compensation in cells expressing kinase inactive c Fes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the mechanisms responsible for survival of blood vessels in the developing retina , we characterized two VEGF A receptors , VEGF receptor 1 ( VEGFR 1 , also known as Flt 1 ) and VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 , also known as Flk 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : VEGF A and VEGFR 2 were localized using immunocytochemistry . ^^^ VEGF A and VEGFR 2 protein were identified and quantified by Western blot analysis . ^^^ RESULTS : VEGFR 2 sequences were present in adult human lens epithelial cells , and VEGF A transcripts were detected in chicken embryo , adult human , and mouse lens epithelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We generated a panel of eight rat IgG ( 2a ) monoclonal antibodies with high affinity for mouse VEGFR 2 ( KDR / Flk 1 ) , the main receptor that mediates the angiogenic effect of VEGF A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Neovascularization in the human heart is associated with expression of VEGF A and its receptors Flt 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) and KDR ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^ The transplanted muscle appeared severely degenerated and showed no immunoreactivity for von Willebrandt factor ( vWF ) and for VEGF A nor for its receptors KDR and Flt 1 . ^^^ In parallel , VEGF receptor KDR is present in capillaries passing into the subepicardial region supporting the idea of VEGF A induced angiogenesis . ^^^ The spatial expression pattern of VEGF A and KDR suggests VEGF A to be a promotor of angiogenesis leading to indirect myocardial revascularization . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF A mediated Flk 1 activation resulted in increased translocation of the endogenous Fps / Fes cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase to the plasma membrane and increased tyrosine phosphorylation , suggesting a role for Fps / Fes in VEGF A / Flk1 signaling events . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to address whether the observed changes in the structural organization of the nervous system were due to a direct and autocrine role of VEGF A on the neural population , we conditionally inactivated the main VEGF A receptor , Flk 1 , specifically in neuronal lineages , by using the Nestin Cre transgene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We studied the expression of VEGF D and its receptors ( VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 ) in normal and atherosclerotic human arteries , and compared that to the expression pattern of VEGF A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Levels of VEGF A , PlGF , and soluble VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) were assessed in maternal plasma . ^^^ In compromised pregnancies , elevated levels of VEGF A and VEGFR 1 mRNAs may reflect the hypoxic status of the placenta . ^^^ Preeclampsia was associated with low levels of circulating PlGF and increased levels of total VEGF A and soluble VEGFR 1 . ^^^ The first one is related to an overproduction of competitive soluble VEGFR 1 that may lead to suppression of VEGF A and PlGF effects . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Throughout a period of 14 days , in areas of cortical tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis , loss of VEGFR 2 and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule expressing peritubular capillaries was preceded by marked decreases in VEGF A transcript and protein levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Microarray analysis detected maximal mRNA expression for a wide variety of angiogenic factors including angiopoietin 1 and 2 , both Tie receptors , VEGF A and D , VEGFR 2 , and neuropilin 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previously , a gene encoding from the genome of parapox orf virus ( OV ) with about 25 % amino acid identity to mammalian VEGF A was named VEGF E and shown to bind and specifically activate the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor VEGFR 2 ( KDR / flk 1 ) . ^^^ This can be explained by our finding that binding of hbVEGF E but not of parental OV VEGF E to the VEGFR 2 is strongly increased by the addition of neuropilin 1 ( NP 1 ) , a cognate co receptor for VEGF A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Presence of GMP was associated with increased expression in tumour endothelium of the VEGF A receptors KDR , FLT 1 and neuropilin 1 , as well as VEGF D protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) D and VEGF A differentially regulate KDR mediated signaling and biological function in vascular endothelial cells . ^^^ VEGF D induced KDR and phospholipase C gamma tyrosine phosphorylation more slowly and less effectively than VEGF A at early times but had a more sustained effect and was as effective as VEGF A after 60 min . ^^^ The finding that differential KDR activation by VEGF A and VEGF D has distinct consequences for endothelial signaling and function has important implications for understanding how multiple ligands for the same VEGF receptors can generate ligand specific biological responses . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We determined the role of beta 3 integrin in mediating VEGF A induced blood vessel permeability through Flk 1 . ^^^ However , VEGF A induced leakage was abolished in beta 3 null mice by the inhibition of Flk 1 , indicating that the elevated levels of Flk 1 on beta 3 null endothelial cells enhance VEGF A induced permeability . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : beta 3 integrin deficiency increases the sensitivity of endothelial cells to VEGF A by elevating Flk 1 expression and , as a consequence , enhances VEGF A mediated permeability . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have compared the therapeutic potential of two subsets of human cord blood CD34+ progenitors , either expressing the VEGF A receptor 2 ( KDR ) or not . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Regulation of VEGF A , VEGFR 1 , thrombospondin 1 , 2 , and 3 expression in a human pituitary cell line ( HP 75 ) by TGFbeta 1 , bFGF , and EGF . ^^^ We used the human pituitary cell line ( HP 75 ) to examine the effects of the growth factors TGFbeta 1 , bFGF , and EGF on cell growth , and on the regulation of the pro angiogenic growth factor VEGF A and the VEGFR 1 and the anti angiogenic molecules thrombospondin ( TSP ) TSP 1 and TSP 2 along with TSP 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : The tissue expression levels of VEGF A , VEGF C , VEGFR 2 , and VEGFR 3 in 80 specimens of ovarian carcinoma were examined immnohistochemically . ^^^ RESULTS : VEGF A , VEGF C , VEGFR 2 , and VEGFR 3 were expressed both in tumor cells and in adjacent endothelial cells of blood and lymph vessels . ^^^ Conversely , there was no significant correlation between VEGF A and VEGFR 3 expression and clinicopathologic features of ovarian carcinoma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Angiopoietins ( Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) modulate the activity of the endothelial cell ( EC ) specific receptor tyrosine kinase Tie 2 , which together with vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF A ) and its EC specific receptors , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , regulate normal physiological vessel development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR2 / Flk 1 ) positive cells derived from embryonic stem ( ES ) cells serve as vascular progenitors , which differentiate into endothelial cells ( ECs ) in the presence of VEGF A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show here that bone marrow endothelial cells ( EC ) from 16 patients with MM ( MMEC ) highly expressed VEGF A ( the main VEGF isoform ) and VEGFR 2 at both mRNA and protein level , whereas EC from 14 patients with monoclonal gammopathy unassociated / unattributable ( MG [ u ] ) ( MG [ u ] EC ) and 12 human umbilical veins ( HUVEC ) expressed very low mRNAs and / or proteins . ^^^ Autophosphorylation , proliferation and capillarogenesis were prevented by a neutralizing anti VEGF A antibody , and more efficaciously by an anti VEGFR 2 antibody . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show here that the expression of VEGF A is dominant in the anterior portion of the embryo , whereas VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 are expressed in the posterior portion of the embryo . ^^^ These results suggest that the VEGF A protein concentrated in the anterior region plays an important role in the guidance of VEGFR positive cells from the posterior portion to the head region by interacting with VEGFR in the mouse embryo . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Migration of the tip cells depends on a graded distribution of VEGF A and activation of VEGFR 2 located on the tip cell filopodia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , it is unknown whether VEGF A ( 165 ) is mediating PGI ( 2 ) synthesis through VEGF receptor 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) and / or VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) activation and whether the coreceptor NRP 1 potentiates VEGF A ( 165 ) activity . ^^^ Treatment of BAEC with VEGF analogs , VEGF A ( 165 ) ( VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 and NRP 1 agonist ) and VEGF A ( 121 ) ( VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 agonist ) ( up to 10 ( 9 ) m ) , increased PGI ( 2 ) synthesis by 70 and 40 fold within 15 min . ^^^ Pretreatment with a VEGFR 2 inhibitor abrogated PGI ( 2 ) release mediated by VEGF A ( 165 ) and VEGF A ( 121 ) , and pretreatment of BAEC with antisense oligomers targeting VEGFR 1 or VEGFR 2 mRNA reduced PGI ( 2 ) synthesis mediated by VEGF A ( 165 ) and VEGF A ( 121 ) up to 79 % . ^^^ In summary , our data demonstrate that the activation of VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 heterodimer ( VEGFR 1 / R 2 ) is essential for PGI ( 2 ) synthesis mediated by VEGF A ( 165 ) and VEGF A ( 121 ) , which can not be reproduced by the parallel activation of VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 homodimers with corresponding agonists . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression ( mRNA ) of the VEGF A splice variants and related receptors [ VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 1 , VEGFR 2 , and neuropilin 1 ] was determined by using qPCR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tumor specific VEGF A and VEGFR 2 in postmenopausal breast cancer patients with long term follow up . ^^^ VEGF A and its receptor , vascular endothelial growth receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) , were therefore analyzed by immunohistochemistry in postmenopausal breast cancers enrolled in a clinical trial where patients were randomized to adjuvant tamoxifen treatment ( n = 124 ) for 2 years or no treatment ( n = 127 ) with a median follow up of 18 years . ^^^ Tumor specific expression of VEGFR 2 correlated strongly with expression of VEGF A and progesterone receptor ( PR ) negativity , whereas VEGF A was not associated with hormone receptor status . ^^^ VEGFR 2 status did not yield significant predicitve information for tamoxifen response in patients with ER fraction > 10 % , whereas in patients with ER fraction > 90 % both VEGF A and VEGFR 2 status were associated with tamoxifen treatment effect . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We characterized , at the mRNA and protein levels , the expression of VEGF A and VEGF D and their cognate receptors , VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , and VEGFR 3 in early and advanced stage prostate cancer specimens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we first examined the expression of VEGF family ( VEGF A , B , C and D ) , VEGF A isoforms ( VEGF 120 , 164 , 188 ) , and VEGF specific receptors ( VEGFR 1 : Flt 1 ; VEGFR 2 : Flk 1 and VEGFR 3 : Flt 4 ) by quantitative RT PCR in lungs from young and old mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibition of VEGFR 1 abrogated multiple myeloma cell proliferation and motility , suggesting that the functional interaction of VEGF A with its cognate receptor is essential for the growth of primary multiple myeloma cells . ^^^ Collectively , our results suggest that stromal dependent paracrine and intracrine VEGF A / VEGFR 1 signaling contributes to human primary multiple myeloma cell growth and therefore , VEGFR 1 blockade is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of multiple myeloma . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We used reverse transcriptase PCR to measure mRNA expression for VEGF A isoforms ( VEGF A ( 120 ) , ( 144 ) , ( 164 ) , and ( 188 ) ) and VEGF A receptors , Flt 1 and Flk 1 . ^^^ With advancing development , mRNA content increased only for VEGF A ( 188 ) ( p < 0 . 05 ) and for Flt 1 ( p < 0 . 02 ) and Flk 1 ( p < 0 . 005 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Formalin fixed , paraffin embedded sections of laryngeal squamous papillomas from the 12 patients with a diagnosis of RRP and the 5 control patients were examined by in situ hybridization for the presence of messenger RNA ( mRNA ) for VEGF A and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) activation by VEGF A is essential in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis . ^^^ Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) activation by VEGF A is essential in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , we show that activation of CD 36 by TSP 1 down modulates the VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) and p 38 mitogen associated protein kinase phosphorylation induced by VEGF A 165 , and this effect was specifically abolished by point mutation at C 464 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we investigated the mechanism of synergism between VEGF A and FGF 2 by using Matrigel plug assay in vivo and embryonic stem cell ( ESC ) derived VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) positive cells in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These phenotypes depend strongly on p110gamma rather than on p85alpha and were associated with decreased expression of Ang 1 , VCAM 1 , connexin 40 , and ephrinB 2 but increased expression of Ang 2 , VEGF A , VEGFR 1 , and VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In sarcoma / melanoma patients treated regionally with TNF and chemotherapy we observed a rise in VEGF A , SCF , VEGFR 2 , MMP 9 , Tie 2 and CRP , a correlation between CRP and IL 8 , and a decreased in sVEGFR 1 levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Increase in the renal expression of VEGF A , flk 1 , Ang 2 , an antagonist of angiopoietin 1 , transforming growth factor beta 1 , interleukin 6 , and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 was inhibited by endostatin peptide in diabetic mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF A overexpressing tumors contained high numbers of infiltrating inflammatory cells such as macrophages , which are known to express VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 1 . ^^^ It seemed that in the mouse cornea , VEGF A stimulated lymphangiogenesis through a VEGF C / D / VEGFR 3 independent pathway as a VEGFR 3 antagonist selectively inhibited VEGF C induced , but not VEGF A induced , lymphangiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Simulated microgravity impairs leukemic cell survival through altering VEGFR 2 / VEGF A signaling pathway . ^^^ VEGFR 2 is shuttled between the nucleus and membrane , and through an autocrine activation of its ligand , VEGF A , conveys signals that control cell survival . ^^^ Here , we provide evidence that the mechanical forces altered by simulated microgravity localize and maintain VEGFR 2 in the membrane , and also block VEGF A expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Unlike VEGF A , which binds to the two receptor tyrosine kinases VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( Flk 1 / KDR ) , VEGF B binds only to VEGFR 1 and the functional significance of VEGFR 1 signalling has remained problematic . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thirty colorectal cancers , 12 lymph node metastases and 9 liver metastases were immunostained for VEGF A , VEGF C , VEGF D and VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Breast cancer cells express VEGF A , VEGF B , VEGF C and their receptors VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) , VEGFR 2 ( Flk 1 / KDR ) and neuropilin ( NP 1 / NP 2 ) . ^^^ Moreover , these cells showed baseline VEGFR 2 tyrosine phosphorylation that could be enhanced by VEGF A stimulation . ^^^ We demonstrate that VEGFR 2 on the surface of breast cancer cells is functional and is capable of being stimulated by external VEGF A . ^^^ VEGF A production by and VEGFR 2 activation on the surface of breast cancer cells indicates the presence of a distinct autocrine signalling loop that enables breast cancer cells to promote their own growth and survival by phosphorylation and activation of VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF A signaling through Flk 1 is a critical facilitator of early embryonic lung epithelial to endothelial crosstalk and branching morphogenesis . ^^^ VEGF A , expressed in the epithelium , is a high affinity ligand for Flk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the mechanism of PlGF and VEGFR 1 mediated angiogenesis has remained unclear and some in vitro studies suggest that VEGF A / VEGFR 2 signaling may also play a role in PlGF mediated angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The bicyclic peptide , EG 3287 , potently ( K ( 1 ) 1 . 2 microM ) and effectively ( > 95 % inhibition at 100 microM ) inhibited VEGF A 165 binding to porcine aortic endothelial cells expressing NP 1 ( PAE / NP 1 ) and breast carcinoma cells expressing only NP 1 receptors for VEGF A , but had no effect on binding to PAE / KDR or PAE / Flt 1 . ^^^ Although EG 3287 had no direct effect on VEGF A 165 binding to KDR receptors , it inhibited cross linking of VEGF A 165 to KDR in human umbilical vein endothelial cells co expressing NP 1 , and inhibited stimulation of KDR and PLC gamma tyrosine phosphorylation , activation of ERKs1 / 2 and prostanoid production . ^^^ These findings characterize the first specific antagonist of VEGF A 165 binding to NP 1 and demonstrate that NP 1 is essential for optimum KDR activation and intracellular signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we examined the expression of VEGF A and its receptors VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , NP 1 , and NP 2 in conditionally immortalized mouse podocytes cultured in undifferentiated and differentiated conditions using RT PCR and Western analysis . ^^^ VEGF A functions in podocytes include promoting survival through VEGFR 2 , inducing podocin upregulation and increasing podocin / CD2AP interaction . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF B is closely related to VEGF A and placenta growth factor ( PlGF ) , but unlike VEGF A , which binds to two receptor tyrosine kinases VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( Flk 1 / KDR ) , VEGF B and PlGF bind to VEGFR 1 and not VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to VEGF A , the cells expressed mRNAs for various members of the VEGF family and for their receptors , including VEGF B , C , D , flt 1 , and KDR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pox viruses of the Orf family encode highly related proteins called VEGF E that show only 25 35 % amino acid identity with VEGF A but bind with comparable affinity to VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor A 165 ( VEGF A 165 ) exhibits diverse biological effects through binding to its receptor KDR ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^ The interaction between KDR bp and KDR was blocked by VEGF A 165 , and KDR bp specifically inhibited VEGF A 165 stimulated endothelial cell proliferation , indicating KDR bp is an antagonistic ligand for KDR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interestingly , activation of VEGFR 2 via VEGF E in vivo results in a strong angiogenic response in mice , with minor effects on inflammation and hypervascular permeability compared with VEGF A , suggesting that VEGF E is a useful tool for proangiogenic therapy in ischemic diseases . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Quail embryos were injected with soluble vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptors R 1 ( Flt 1 ) , R 2 ( Flk 1 ) , R 3 ( Flt 4 ) , VEGF Trap ( a chimera of R 1 and R 2 ) , or neutralizing antibodies to VEGF A , VEGF B , or fibroblast growth factor ( FGF ) 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cellular GSH levels , GSH : GSSG ratios , VEGF A mRNA and protein expression , as well as VEGF A secretion , and VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 receptor expression were determined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In conclusion , VEGF A function through Flk 1 mediates survival ( and not proliferative or fate change ) effects on NSCs , specifically . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For example , levels of proangiogenic VEGF A , VEGF B , neuropilin 1 , VEGFR 1 , and VEGFR 2 were reduced and the levels of antiangiogenic thrombospondin 1 and retinoblastoma like 2 were increased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Median expression levels were 1 . 5 arbitrary units ( AU ) for VEGF A , 8 . 2 AU for VEGFR 2 and median MVD was 96 / 0 . 26 mm ( 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The binding of VEGF A to VEGFR 2 causes receptor dimerization , kinase activation and autophosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues within the dimeric complex . ^^^ Y 951 mediated coupling of VEGFR 2 and TSAd is critical for VEGF A induced cell migration and actin reorganization , and for pathological angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF A 165 and VEGFR 2 mRNA levels were significantly increased in aortas of the diabetic rabbits , where a trend toward increased plaque vascularization was also observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , two VPF / VEGF receptors , flt 1 and kdr , are overexpressed by endothelial cells that line the microvessels that supply these tumors / inflammatory reactions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , the VPF / VEGF receptors , flt 1 and KDR , were up regulated in endothelial cells in superficial dermal microvessels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also used in situ hybridization to study the expression of two recently described endothelial cell surface VPF receptors , flt 1 and kdr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contact reactions , mRNAs for two VPF / VEGF vascular endothelial cell receptors , flt 1 and KDR , were also strikingly overexpressed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In situ hybridization studies that were performed on joint tissues from patients with active RA revealed that synovial lining macrophages strongly expressed VPF / VEGF mRNA , and that microvascular endothelial cells of nearby blood vessels strongly expressed mRNA for the VPF / VEGF receptors , flt 1 and KDR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Endothelial cells did not express detectable VPF mRNA , but did express high levels of mRNA for the VPF receptors flt 1 and KDR indicating that the endothelial cell staining likely reflects binding of VPF secreted by adjacent tumor cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The endothelial cells of nearby stromal blood vessels also stained for VPF by immunohistochemistry and in addition expressed mRNAs encoding the VPF receptors flt 1 and kdr as determined by in situ hybridization . ^^^ Endothelial cells away from the tumor did not stain for VPF and no definite mRNA expression for flt 1 or kdr was detected by in situ hybridization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF / VPF expression by cells of hypoxic tissues coincides with expression of its two receptors , KDR and flt 1 , by ECs in the same tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VPF / VEGF stimulates endothelial cell growth and increases microvascular permeability by interacting with two endothelial cell tyrosine kinase receptors , KDR and flt 1 . ^^^ We studied 16 cases of AIDS associated Kaposi ' s sarcoma ( KS ) , 2 cases of cutaneous angiosarcoma , and 6 cases of capillary hemangioma by in situ hybridization for expression of VPF / VEGF , KDR , and flt 1 mRNAs . ^^^ The strong expression of both KDR and flt 1 in small stromal vessels in and around tumors suggests that VPF / VEGF may be an important regulator of the edema and angiogenesis seen in these tumors . ^^^ The strong expression of KDR by tumor cells in KS and angiosarcoma implies that VPF / VEGF may also have a direct effect on tumor cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The purpose of the present study was to define the expression of VPF / VEGF and its receptors flt 1 and KDR in ovarian tumors . ^^^ In addition , microvascular endothelial cells strongly expressed mRNA of the VPF / VEGF receptors flt 1 and KDR and immunostained for VPF / VEGF protein in the majority of malignant and borderline tumors examined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Histologic sections were subjected to in situ hybridization using 35S labeled riboprobes specific for VPF / VEGF and , in a subset of cases , riboprobes specific for the VPF / VEGF receptors flt 1 and KDR . ^^^ In contrast , no strong expression of VPF / VEGF , flt 1 , or KDR mRNA was observed in the seven examples of benign atrophic endometrium studied . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For this , we studied the expression levels and the sites of synthesis of VPF and its kinase insert domain receptor ( KDR ) in kidneys of patients with CNF using Northern and in situ hybridization techniques and immunohistologic staining with anti VPF antibody . ^^^ The VPF receptor KDR was found in glomeruli in the endothelial cells , but it was not detected in the peritubular capillaries . no consistent differences in the levels of VPF or KDR mRNAs or in their sites of production were seen in CNF and control samples . ^^^ Thus , we propose that VPF and KDR are not directly involved in the pathogenesis of the proteinuria in CNF . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Expression of VPF and its receptor flk 1 in nasal polyps from 9 patients and inferior turbinates from 8 patients with chronic rhinitis were prospectively studied with immunohistochemistry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we report that a previously identified receptor tyrosine kinase gene , KDR , encodes a receptor for VEGF . ^^^ Expression of KDR in CMT 3 ( cells which do not contain receptors for VEGF ) allows for saturable 125I VEGF binding with high affinity ( KD = 75 pM ) . ^^^ Affinity cross linking of 125I VEGF to KDR transfected CMT 3 cells results in specific labeling of two proteins of M ( r ) = 195 and 235 kDa . ^^^ The KDR receptor tyrosine kinase shares structural similarities with a recently reported receptor for VEGF , flt , in a manner reminiscent of the similarities between the alpha and beta forms of the PDGF receptors . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We examined the temporal and spatial expression of VEGF and its receptors , Flk 1 and Flt 1 , in the mouse uterus during the peri implantation period ( days 1 8 ) using Northern and in situ hybridization to assess the involvement of VEGF in the process of implantation . ^^^ The expression of the VEGF receptors , Flk 1 and Flt 1 , was also examined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The two genes for VEGF receptors , kinase insert domain containing receptor ( kdr ) and fms like tyrosine kinase 1 ( flt 1 ) , were found to be constitutively expressed in endothelial cells , and their relative mRNA levels were ranked in that order . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To elucidate the putative effects of stimulation of the Flk 1 receptor , fetal rat islet like structures were cultured in the presence of the ligand for this receptor , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , a second tyrosine kinase receptor which binds VEGF with high affinity , designated KDR or flk 1 , has been described . ^^^ We performed in situ hybridization for VEGF mRNA , flt 1 mRNA and KDR mRNA on serial sections of normal brain , low grade and high grade glioma specimens . ^^^ Since flt 1 and KDR are not expressed in endothelial cells in the normal adult brain , the coordinate up regulation of 2 receptors for VEGF appears to be a critical event which controls tumor angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , an endothelial cell specific mitogen which is also known to induce vascular permeability in vivo , and its high affinity tyrosine kinase receptors flt 1 and KDR . ^^^ Endothelial cells did not express detectable amounts of VEGF mRNA but coexpressed flt 1 and KDR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In hepatic metastases of VEGF antibody treated mice , neither blood vessels nor expression of the mouse KDR homologue flk 1 could be demonstrated . ^^^ Two receptors for VEGF , KDR and flt 1 , were also demonstrated in most of the tumors examined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The antiagiogenic factor 16 kDa N terminal fragment of human prolactin inhibits activation of MAPK distal to autophosphorylation of the putative VEGF receptor , Flk 1 , and phospholipase C gamma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We examined the role of VEGF and the high affinity , signal transducing VEGF receptor 2 ( flk 1 ) in the avian embryo . ^^^ VEGF receptor 2 ( flk 1 ) was found to be upregulated only in those areas where VEGF was overexpressed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor gene , KDR , in hematopoietic cells and inhibitory effect of VEGF on apoptotic cell death caused by ionizing radiation . ^^^ In this study , we demonstrated the expression of the KDR gene transcript , which encodes a cell surface receptor for VEGF , in normal human hematopoietic stem cells , megakaryocytes , and platelets as well as in human leukemia cell lines , HEL and CMK 86 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of the Flk 1 receptor is restricted to endothelial cells and their embryonic precursors , and is complementary to that of its ligand , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , which is an endothelial specific mitogen . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its high affinity binding receptors , the tyrosine kinases Flt 1 and Flk 1 , are thought to be important for the development of embryonic vasculature . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We describe here that cultured human retinal pigment epithelial ( HRPE ) cells express both KDR and flt 1 receptors , bind VAS / VEGF on two high affinity sites ( apparent Kd of 9 and 210 pM corresponding to 940 and 18 , 800 sites per cell ) and proliferate or migrate upon recombinant VAS / VEGF addition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of the high affinity flk 1 receptor for VEGF was demonstrated in newly formed retinal vessels , confirming that the secreted VEGF acts on the vessels , in a paracrine fashion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report the detailed developmental expression profiles of three endothelial specific receptor tyrosine kinases ( RTKs ) flk 1 , tek , tie , as well as vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , the flk 1 ligand . ^^^ We also examined the expression of the other VEGF receptor , flt 1 , during placental development . flk 1 , tek , and tie transcripts were detected sequentially at one half day intervals starting at E7 . 0 , suggesting that each of these RTKs play a unique role during vascularization of the mouse embryo . ^^^ VEGF transcripts were detected as early as E7 . 0 in the endoderm juxtaposed to the flk 1 positive mesoderm , and later in development VEGF expression displayed an expression profile both contiguous with that of flk 1 , and also in tissues found some distance from the flk 1 expressing endothelium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemical analyses using antibodies against VEGF , bFGF , their receptors ( KDR , flt 1 , bek , and flg ) , factor 8 , and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were carried out on archival specimens of 52 human colon carcinomas and 10 adenomas . ^^^ Expression of VEGF and KDR was higher in metastatic than in nonmetastatic neoplasms and directly correlated with the extent of neovascularization and the degree of proliferation , whereas expression of bFGF , flt 1 , bek , and flg did not differ among tumor types . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
High affinity VEGF binding and developmental expression suggest Flk 1 as a major regulator of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis . ^^^ Identification of the angiogenic mitogen , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , as the high affinity ligand of Flk 1 and correlation of the temporal and spatial expression pattern of Flk 1 and VEGF suggest a major role of this ligand receptor signaling system in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We used two transplantable rat glioma cells lines , C 6 and GS 9L , to analyze VEGF regulation in vitro and expression of VEGF and its high affinity tyrosine kinase receptors , flt 1 and flk 1 , in vivo . ^^^ In situ hybridization showed that VEGF is expressed in vivo in rat glioma cells which reside along necrotic areas and therefore closely mimicks the expression pattern of VEGF observed in human glioblastoma . flt 1 and flk 1 are specifically expressed in endothelial cells in the tumor and at the border between tumor and normal brain but are absent from endothelial cells in the normal brain proper . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The known human receptors for VEGF , flt and KDR , are both cell surface tyrosine kinases and are expressed predominantly on endothelial cells . ^^^ METHODS : VEGF , flt , and KDR expression was localized by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in frozen sections of primary tumors from five patients with ovarian carcinoma and from metastases of ovarian carcinoma from three different patients . ^^^ Reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay were used to analyze VEGF , flt , and KDR expression in six epithelial cell lines derived from ovarian carcinoma ascites from five additional patients . ^^^ RESULTS : Messenger RNAs ( mRNAs ) encoding VEGF , flt , and KDR were detected in primary ascitic cells and in three of four ovarian carcinoma cell lines examined by RT PCR . ^^^ Its receptors , flt and KDR , are expressed by some tumor cells that coexpress VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF receptor subtypes KDR and FLT 1 show different sensitivities to heparin and placenta growth factor . ^^^ Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is an angiogenic growth factor which binds to two structurally related tyrosine kinase receptors denoted KDR and FLT 1 . ^^^ Heparin augmented VEGF binding to KDR expressing cells ( ABAE and WM 35 ) , but inhibited VEGF binding to FLT 1 expressing cells ( SK MEL 37 and WM 9 ) . ^^^ The concentration of heparin required for half maximal stimulation of VEGF binding to KDR expressing cells ( 500 ng / ml ) was 25 times greater than that required for half maximal inhibition of binding to FLT 1 expressing cells ( 20 ng / ml ) . ^^^ PIGF 1 had a negligible or no effect on 125I VEGF binding to KDR expressing cells ( ABAE , WM 35 ) , but did complete for binding to FLT 1 expressing cells ( SK MEL 37 and WM 9 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and VEGF receptor 2 ( flk 1 ) are expressed during vasculogenesis and vascular differentiation in the quail embryo . ^^^ The receptor tyrosine kinase flk 1 and its high affinity ligand vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) represent an endothelial specific signal transduction system expressed during embryonic vascular growth in the mouse . ^^^ We have cloned the quail homologs of VEGF and flk 1 using PCR and have investigated their expression pattern in vivo . ^^^ As shown by Northern analysis and reverse transcription PCR , VEGF and flk 1 mRNA ( 3 . 9 and 5 . 8 kb , respectively ) were already present in the unincubated blastodisc at low levels and were largely upregulated during gastrulation at Embryonic Day 1 . ^^^ Thus , the time course and the pattern of expression during embryogenesis in different species suggest a major role for the VEGF / flk 1 signal transduction system in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The trophoblast like choriocarcinoma cell line BeWo also expresses this receptor and the related receptor , kinase domain containing receptor ( KDR ) , which is also a receptor for VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of VEGF , the closely related placental growth factor ( PIGF ) , the newly cloned endothelial high affinity VEGF receptors KDR and FLT 1 , and the endothelial orphan receptors FLT 4 and Tie were analyzed by in situ hybridization in normal human brain tissue and in the following CNS tumors : gliomas , grades 2 , 3 , 4 ; meningiomas , grades 1 and 2 ; and melanoma metastases to the cerebrum . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To further elucidate the role of VEGF in human kidney , expression of VEGF and its receptors , the specific tyrosine kinase receptors , fit 1 and KDR , were studied . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is a homodimeric peptide growth factor which binds to two structurally related tyrosine kinase receptors denoted Flt 1 and KDR . ^^^ Binding analyses using 125I VEGF revealed Kd values of 16 pM for Flt 1 and 760 pM for KDR . ^^^ The KDR expressing cells showed striking changes in cell morphology , actin reorganization and membrane ruffling , chemotaxis and mitogenicity upon VEGF stimulation , whereas Flt 1 expressing cells lacked such responses . ^^^ KDR was found to undergo ligand induced autophosphorylation in intact cells , and both Flt 1 and KDR were phosphorylated in vitro in response to VEGF , however , KDR much more efficiently than Flt 1 . ^^^ Members of the Src family such as Fyn and Yes showed an increased level of phosphorylation upon VEGF stimulation of cells expressing Flt 1 but not in cells expressing KDR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently it has been shown that the FLT 1 and KDR / FLK 1 proteins function as high affinity receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) . ^^^ Also , FLT 4 did not interact with KDR in response to VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Biological activity and phosphorylation sites of the bacterially expressed cytosolic domain of the KDR VEGF receptor . ^^^ Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is a potent angiogenic factor which binds to two structurally similar receptor tyrosine kinases , KDR and FLT 1 . ^^^ Towards the goal of clarifying the signal transduction pathways by which VEGF activates endothelial cells , we expressed in bacteria an enzymatically active form of the cytosolic domain of the KDR receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we investigate the biological relevance of the VEGF / Flk 1 receptor / ligand system for angiogenesis using a retrovirus encoding a dominant negative mutant of the Flk 1 / VEGF receptor to infect endothelial target cells in vivo , and find that tumour growth is prevented in nude mice . ^^^ Our results emphasize the central role of the Flk 1 / VEGF system in angiogenesis in general and in the development of solid tumours in particular . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Differential expression of the two VEGF receptors flt and KDR in placenta and vascular endothelial cells . ^^^ A novel tyrosine kinase receptor encoded by the KDR gene was also found to bind VEGF with high affinity when expressed in CMT 3 cells . ^^^ These data demonstrate that cultured human endothelial cells isolated from different tissues express both VEGF receptors in relative high levels and , additionally , that all investigated nonhuman endothelial cells in culture are also positive for KDR gene expression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Heparin modulates the interaction of VEGF 165 with soluble and cell associated flk 1 receptors . ^^^ Expression of a chimeric receptor containing the extracellular domain of the flk 1 receptor fused to the transmembrane and intracellular domains of the human c fms receptor in NIH 3T3 cells , resulted in the appearance of high affinity binding sites for 125I VEGF 165 on transfected cells . ^^^ The binding of 125I VEGF 165 to the flk 1 / fms chimeric receptor of the transfected cells as well as the VEGF 165 induced autophosphorylation of the chimeric receptors were inhibited in the presence of low concentrations of heparin ( 1 10 micrograms / ml ) . ^^^ A soluble fusion protein containing the extracellular domain of flk 1 fused to alkaline phosphatase ( flk 1 / SEAP ) was used to study the effects of heparin on the binding of 125I VEGF 165 to flk 1 in a cell free environment . ^^^ The effect of heparin on the binding of 125I VEGF 165 to flk 1 / SEAP could not be mimicked by desulfated heparin or by chondroitin sulfate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Melanoma cell lines express VEGF receptor KDR and respond to exogenously added VEGF . ^^^ Using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) , the expression of VEGF was found in 15 / 15 human tumour cell lines examined , while the VEGF receptor KDR was detected only in three melanoma cell lines ( MeWo and A 375 , both wild type and metastatic variant ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One marker , called Quek 1 , is the avian homologue of the mammalian VEGF receptor flk 1 and the other is the MB1 / QH1 monoclonal antibody . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying glioma angiogenesis , we studied the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its tyrosine kinase receptors VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 during normal brain development and glioma induced angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial cell growth factor ( VEGF ) is a ligand for the tyrosine kinase receptor Flk 1 / KDR and Flt 1 and is considered to be an endothelial cell specific mitogen that plays an important role in angiogenesis . ^^^ Since Flk 1 mRNA has been detected in primitive and more mature hematopoietic cells , recombinant human VEGF was evaluated for its influence on hematopoiesis , which was assayed as in vitro colony formation by myeloid progenitor cells from human bone marrow . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The endothelial cell specific vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its cellular receptors Flt 1 and Flk 1 have been implicated in the formation of the embryonic vasculature . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of VEGF and its high affinity receptor , flk 1 , in the retina of neonatal cats , and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunocytochemistry was used to assess astrocyte status . ^^^ After the degeneration of astrocytes , VEGF was expressed by neurones of the ganglion cell layer . flk 1 was expressed by intraretinal and preretinal vessels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using Northern blot analysis , we further could show that human monocytes express only the gene for the VEGF receptor type , flt 1 , but not for the second known VEGF receptor , KDR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A novel vascular endothelial growth factor , VEGF C , is a ligand for the Flt 4 ( VEGFR 3 ) and KDR ( VEGFR 2 ) receptor tyrosine kinases . ^^^ Angiogenesis , the sprouting of new blood vessels from pre existing ones , and the permeability of blood vessels are regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) via its two known receptors Flt 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) and KDR / Flk 1 ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^ VEGF C is proteolytically processed , binds Flt 4 , which we rename as VEGFR 3 and induces tyrosine autophosphorylation of VEGFR 3 and VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two high affinity receptors for VEGF , flt 1 and flk 1 , are expressed by endothelial cells both in normal islets and in the stages of tumorigenesis ; these receptors are not up regulated during this process . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To date , 3 structurally related cell surface receptors for VEGF , Flt 1 , Flt 4 and KDR , have been identified and shown to be human type 3 receptor tyrosine kinases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These amino acids confer upon VEGF 165 a heparin binding capability which VEGF 121 lacks . 125I VEGF 165 bound to three vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptors on endothelial cells , while 125I VEGF 121 bound selectively only to the flk 1 VEGF receptor which corresponds to the larger of the three VEGF receptors . ^^^ The binding of 125I VEGF 121 to flk 1 was not affected by the removal of cell surface heparan sulfates or by heparin . ^^^ Both VEGF 165 and VEGF 121 inhibited the binding of 125I VEGF 121 to a soluble extracellular domain of the flk 1 VEGF receptor in the absence of heparin . ^^^ These results contrast with previous observations which have indicated that the binding of 125I VEGF 165 to the flk 1 receptor is strongly dependent on heparin like molecules . ^^^ Heparin or cell surface heparan sulfates restored the flk 1 binding ability of damaged VEGF 165 but not the receptor binding ability of damaged VEGF 121 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF mediates endothelial cell proliferation , angiogenesis , vascular growth , and vascular permeability via the endothelial cell receptors , kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) / fetal liver kinase 1 ( Flk 1 ) and FLT 1 . ^^^ Alanine scanning mutagenesis was used to identify a positively charged surface in VEGF that mediates binding to KDR / Flk 1 . ^^^ Furthermore , this mutational analysis implicates KDR , but not FLT 1 , in VEGF induction of endothelial cell proliferation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While PLGF / VEGF heterodimers bind with high affinity to a soluble Flk 1 / KDR receptor , PLGF 129 homodimers fail to bind to this receptor . ^^^ VEGF 165 homodimers and PLGF / VEGF heterodimers stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of a 220 kDa protein , the expected size for the KDR receptor in human umbilical vein endothelial cells , whereas PLGF 129 homodimers are unable to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of this protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although the importance of the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) / VEGF tyrosine kinase receptor ( VEGFR ) system in angiogenesis is well established , very little is known about the regulation of VEGFR expression in vascular endothelial cells . ^^^ Cross linking experiments revealed a decrease in 125I VEGF binding to a cell surface monomeric protein corresponding to Flk 1 on the basis of its affinity for VEGF , molecular mass ( 185 190 kDa ) , and apparent internalization after VEGF binding . ^^^ These results imply that TGF beta 1 is a major regulator of the VEGF / Flk 1 signal transduction pathway in endothelial cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The class 3 receptor tyrosine kinases KDR and Flt 1 are high affinity receptors for VEGF , while Flt 4 is a receptor for the recently identified VEGF C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF toxin conjugate inhibited the growth of a murine hemangioma derived endothelial cell line ( Py 4 1 ) , which was positive for flk 1 expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The authors studied the hypoxic gene regulation of two known VEGF receptors ( KDR and Flt ) and its mechanism in cultured bovine retinal endothelial cells ( BREC ) . ^^^ These data suggest that hypoxia induces an initial decline in KDR mRNA levels and VEGF binding sites as mediated through adenosine binding to the A2R . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF 121 induces proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and expression of flk 1 without affecting lymphatic vessels of chorioallantoic membrane . ^^^ Using in situ hybridization , VEGF receptor 2 ( flk 1 / Quek1 ) and the homologous flt 4 ( Quek 2 ) receptor were studied in the CAM of normal quail embryos and after VEGF ( 121 ) application on the CAM of 11 day old quail embryos . ^^^ VEGF ( 121 ) application induces expression of flk 1 in capillaries that normally do not express the receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two distinct receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , the tyrosine kinase receptors Flt 1 and Flk 1 / KDR , have been described . ^^^ In contrast , endothelial cells expressing both the Flt 1 and the Flk 1 / KDR receptors produce more tissue factor upon stimulation with VEGF than after stimulation with PlGF . ^^^ Neutralizing antibodies to the KDR receptor reduce the VEGF stimulated tissue factor induction in endothelial cells to levels obtained by stimulation with PlGF alone , but do not affect PlGF induced tissue factor induction in endothelial cells nor the VEGF dependent tissue factor production in monocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Localization of VEGF and expression of its receptors flt and KDR in human placenta throughout pregnancy . ^^^ These results indicate that VEGF may exert an important role within both the placental villi and the maternal decidua in relation to the growth , differentiation and migration of trophoblast and that this is mediated primarily through the spatial and temporal regulation of the flt receptor rather than the KDR receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF exerts its effect through two known high affinity tyrosine kinase receptors , named kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) and the fms like tyrosine kinase ( Flt ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF receptors flt and KDR ( kinase domain receptor ) were also detected , suggesting autocrine regulation . ^^^ During the menstrual cycle , expression of flt was constant but that of KDR was increased in the luteal phase , at which time the cells migrated in response to VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Flk 1 , a high affinity signaling receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , is strongly and specifically expressed on endothelial cells during embryonic development of the vascular system and during tumor angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Flk 1 / KDR , a receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , is expressed exclusively in endothelial cells . ^^^ For initial screening , an ELISA in , a 96 well format was used to measure VEGF induced Flk 1 tyrosine phosphorylation in whole cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Northern analysis showed increased expression for both VEGF receptors ( flk 1 , flt 1 ) as well as the bFGF receptor 1 ( FGFR 1 ) in the collateral perfused region compared with that in the normally perfused region . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The endothelial cell mitogen vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) stimulates angiogenesis , and together with its two receptor tyrosine kinases VEGFR 1 ( FLT 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( KDR ) , is up regulated during the malignant progression of gliomas . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human sFLT 1 is shown to form a VEGF stabilized complex with the extracellular domain of KDR in vitro , suggesting that not only full length receptors are capable of forming ligand induced heterodimeric complexes but also sFLT 1 can form a dominant negative complex with the mitogenically competent full length KDR receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Flk 1 , a receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , is expressed by retinal progenitor cells . ^^^ In addition , we show that the ligand of Flk 1 , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , is expressed in the developing retina by differentiated cells and that a chimeric ligand of VEGF fused to alkaline phosphatase binds to proliferating retinal progenitors . ^^^ Furthermore , the neural retina derived Flk 1 protein kinase is activated by VEGF in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between microvessel density and mRNA measurement for vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) as well as the kinase domain receptor ( KDR ) in renal cell carcinoma ( RCC ) . ^^^ RESULTS : Northern blot hybridization demonstrated that 18 tumors ( 82 % ) expressed a higher level of VEGF gene than corresponding normal renal tissues ( T / N > 1 ) and that the expression of VEGF gene in the tumors correlated well with that of KDR gene ( r = 0 . 780 , p = 0 . 001 ) . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : The results indicate that RCC cells actively produce soluble VEGF and strongly suggest that VEGF and its receptor KDR cooperate to enhance the angiogenesis of this tumor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is a specific endothelial mitogen and chemoattractant that has been shown to be useful for inducing therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemic myocardium and found to stimulate mitogenicity and chemotaxis of endothelial cells through the receptor tyrosine kinase KDR . ^^^ Although VEGF expression is upregulated by hypoxic stimuli , regulation of KDR remained unknown under these conditions . ^^^ The activated state of increased VEGF function in hypoxic endothelial cells was associated with elevated tyrosine phosphorylation of KDR as demonstrated by anti phosphotyrosine blot . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Suramin inhibited VEGF inducible tyrosine phosphorylation of KDR as determined by in vitro kinase assay . ^^^ Moreover , suramin was shown to inhibit VEGF induced tyrosine phosphorylation of KDR in intact cells , indicating an interaction of suramin with the VEGF receptor KDR as the cause of its inhibitory activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Angiogenic growth factors and their receptors , such as basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) and Flg , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and Flk 1 , platelet derived growth factor ( PDGF ) B chain and PDGF beta receptor , and five intracellular signal proteins ( phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase [ PI3K ] , phospholipase C gamma [ PLC gamma ] , C Src , SHC , and mitogen activated protein kinase [ MAPK ] ) were examined by Western blot analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The presence of mRNA for aFGF , bFGF , and three isoforms of VEGF , as well as their receptors , FGFR 1 , FGFR 2 , Flt 1 , and KDR , in vessel outgrowths and the parent vessel , as identified by RT PCR , strongly implicated aFGF , bFGF , and VEGF as having an important role in this neovascularization response . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is an angiogenic inducer that mediates its effects through two high affinity receptor tyrosine kinases , Flt 1 and KDR . ^^^ Introduction of the second domain of KDR into an Flt 1 mutant lacking the homologous domain restored VEGF binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF , flk 1 , and flt 1 expression in a rat myocardial infarction model of angiogenesis . ^^^ Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is an endothelial cell mitogen that is thought to function by interacting with two high affinity receptors , flk 1 and flt 1 . ^^^ To determine the role played by VEGF , flk 1 , and flt 1 in this process in vivo , we studied the expression of the growth factor and its receptors in a rat infarct model . ^^^ After an acute myocardial infarction , we observed an initial rapid ( 1h ) rise in VEGF ( 275 % ) , flk 1 ( 375 % ) , and flt 1 ( 400 % ) mRNA expression throughout the entire heart . ^^^ Initial diffuse induction of VEGF , flk 1 , and flt 1 expression in the left ventricle was later replaced by an increase predominantly limited to perimyocardial infarction area where angiogenesis was taking place . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the finding of dramatic up regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , a potent endothelial cell growth factor with vascular permeability inducing activity , in stromal cells and the corresponding receptors , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , in tumor endothelial cells suggests that angiogenesis and cyst formation in hemangioblastomas may be regulated by this signaling pathway via a paracrine mechanism . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ELK and LERK 2 are expressed on endothelial progenitor cells of primitive microvasculature in a pattern similar to that of the VEGF receptor , flk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
AIDS KS cells and primary tumor tissues also expressed high levels of Flt 1 and KDR , the receptors for VEGF , while the normal skin of the same patients did not show any expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This effect of VEGF on endothelial cells may be mediated by the VEGF receptor kdr , since mRNA for kdr was detected using RT PCR in both HDMEC and HUVEC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we have examined the expression of VEGF and its tyrosine kinase receptors ( flt and flk 1 ) in isolated rat islets of Langerhans in vitro . ^^^ Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction revealed the presence of both flt and flk 1 in freshly isolated islets , and two VEGF isoforms , namely VEGF 120 and VEGF 164 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PURPOSE : The relationship between the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor , KDR , in human gastric carcinoma tissues and tumor angiogenesis , as well as patient outcome , were investigated . ^^^ MATERIALS AND METHODS : One hundred sixty three primary tumor specimens were investigated by immunohistochemical studies with anti VEGF , anti KDR , and anti CD 34 antibodies and by monitoring patients for at least 2 years after surgery . ^^^ No close correlation was found between VEGF and KDR expressions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We studied the correlation between microvessel density ( MD ) and gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , its receptor ( KDR ) and basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) in 30 human renal cell carcinomas ( RCCs ) . ^^^ Intratumoral expression of KDR gene significantly correlated with that of VEGF gene . bFGF gene expression was very weak , and no tumor overexpressed this gene . ^^^ The MD in the tumors significantly correlated with the expression intensity of VEGF gene and KDR gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ( VEGF ) mediates its actions through the Flt 1 and KDR ( Flk 1 ) receptor tyrosine kinases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have previously shown that the tyrosine kinase receptor Flk 1 and its ligand , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , may play a role in the development of fetal rat islet like structures in vitro , possibly by stimulating the maturation of endocrine precursor cells in the pancreatic ductal epithelium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A functional product of the KDR gene encoding a cognate VEGF receptor was also expressed by these stromal cells . ^^^ Transient transfection with antisense oligonucleotides targeted on the translation initiation codon of KDR abolished its tyrosine phosphorylation and mitogenic response of neonatal hemangioma cells to VEGF , confirming the existence of an autocrine loop of proliferation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , endothelial differentiation requires VEGF , whereas hemopoietic differentiation occurs in the absence of VEGF and is significantly reduced by soluble VEGFR 2 , showing that this process could be mediated by a second , yet unidentified , VEGFR 2 ligand . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In larger lesions , mitotic activity and expression of flk 1 , the cognate receptor of VEGF were induced in endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overexpression of VEGF C , a ligand of the VEGF receptors VEGFR 3 and VEGFR 2 , in the skin of transgenic mice resulted in lymphatic , but not vascular , endothelial proliferation and vessel enlargement . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rabbit uteri were examined using Northern and in situ hybridization to assess the temporal and spatial expression of VEGF and its receptor ( Flk 1 , Flt 1 ) mRNAs during the pre and peri implantation periods ( Days 0 8 ) . ^^^ VEGF receptor mRNAs were expressed in the uterus at all stages examined , with high levels of Flk 1 and Flt 1 at estrus and again just before implantation , 6 3 / 4 days pregnant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) stimulated the tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple components in confluent human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVECs ) including bands of Mr 205 , 000 , corresponding to the VEGF receptors Flt 1 and KDR , and Mr 145 , 000 , 120 , 000 , 97 , 000 , and 65 , 000 70 , 000 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor KDR ( kinase insert domain containing receptor ) is linked to endothelial cell proliferation , and VEGF receptor Flt 1 ( fms like tyrosine kinase ) is essential for the organization of embryonic vasculature . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors , Flt 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) and Flk 1 ( VEGFR 2 ) , as well as Angiopoietin 1 and its receptor , Tie 2 , represent key signal transduction systems involved in the regulation of embryonic vascular development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A quantitative reverse transcription PCR study revealed that genes for VEGF receptors ( Flt 1 and KDR ) were expressed in HUVEC , but not in HOB , and that 1 , 25 ( OH ) 2D3 increased the levels of expression of VEGF receptor genes in endothelial cells only when cocultured with HOB . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutational analysis of VEGF reveals that symmetrical binding sites for KDR are located at each pole of the VEGF homodimer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of VEGF receptor ( VEGFR 2 / Flk 1 / KDR ) was also examined by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ These findings suggest that over expression of VEGF and its receptor ( VEGFR 2 ) may play an important role in the initial step of the regulation of estrogen induced tumor angiogenesis in the rat pituitary . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases , VEGF R 1 ( flt 1 ) and VEGF R 2 ( flk 1 ) , are induced in a tumour stage dependent manner during glioma progression and are exclusively expressed in tumour vascular endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The recently identified vascular endothelial growth factor C ( VEGF C ) belongs to the platelet derived growth factor ( PDGF ) / VEGF family of growth factors and is a ligand for the endothelial specific receptor tyrosine kinases VEGFR 3 and VEGFR 2 . ^^^ The stepwise proteolytic processing of VEGF C generated several VEGF C forms with increased activity towards VEGFR 3 , but only the fully processed VEGF C could activate VEGFR 2 . ^^^ Recombinant ' mature ' VEGF C made in yeast bound VEGFR 3 ( K [ D ] = 135 pM ) and VEGFR 2 ( K [ D ] = 410 pM ) and activated these receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to explore factors regulating such angiogenesis and cyst formation in pilocytic astrocytoma , we examined expression of VEGF and its receptors ( KDR and Flt 1 ) using in situ hybridization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
FLT 4 represents a recently cloned member of class 3 receptor tyrosine kinases which include receptors for the angiogenic growth factor VEGF , namely FLT 1 and KDR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The receptor tyrosine kinase , Flk 1 or VEGFR 2 , and its ligand , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) are required for the development of the embryonic vasculature . ^^^ The Xenopus homologues of flk 1 and VEGF have been cloned and their expression has been examined throughout early embryonic development . ^^^ VEGF expression is found in tissues adjacent to the mesenchyme containing the flk 1 expressing endothelial precursors . ^^^ Expression of both flk 1 and VEGF is transient , appearing as the primary vascular plexus is forming and declining steadily after the onset of functional embryonic circulation . ^^^ Overall , these results support a role for VEGF / flk 1 signaling in both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in the Xenopus embryo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is an angiogenesis factor for which two signaling protein tyrosine kinase receptors , Flt 1 and KDR , have been identified . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its tyrosine kinase receptors VEGFR 1 ( flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( flk 1 / KDR ) are key mediators of physiological and pathological angiogenesis . ^^^ Up regulation of VEGFR 2 and of VEGF are observed in many pathological conditions under which angiogenesis is reinduced . ^^^ Although the temporal expression pattern of VEGFR 2 parallels VEGF expression to a high extent , little is known about its regulation . ^^^ Exogenously added recombinant VEGF led to an up regulation of VEGFR 2 expression , which could be inhibited by preincubation with a neutralizing anti VEGF antibody . ^^^ Our results suggest a differential but synergistic regulation by hypoxia of VEGF and VEGFR 2 : a direct induction of VEGF that subsequently up regulates VEGFR 2 in endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF binds to two different tyrosine kinase receptors , kinase domain receptor ( KDR ) and Fms like tyrosine kinase 1 ( Flt 1 ) , and a number of VEGF homologs are known with distinct patterns of specificity for these same receptors . ^^^ Mapping the receptor binding determinants on a multiple sequence alignment of VEGF homologs , suggests the differences in specificity towards KDR and Flt 1 may derive from both sequence variation and changes in the flexibility of binding loops . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of vasoformative collagen gel cultures of rat aorta demonstrated the expression of the alternatively spliced isoforms VEGF 165 , VEGF 189 , and the high affinity VEGF receptor flk 1 . ^^^ The flk 1 receptor was expressed by endothelial cells but not by fibroblasts or smooth muscle cells , which is consistent with the endothelial target specificity of VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of the VEGF / PIGF receptors , KDR and flt 1 , revealed the presence of flt 1 mRNA in isolated cytotrophoblast and in vitro differentiated syncytiotrophoblast . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) expression revealed no alteration in VEGFR 2 mRNA or total protein in anti bFGF antibody treated BME or bovine aortic endothelial ( BAE ) cells . ^^^ These findings demonstrate that : ( 1 ) VEGF induced in vitro angiogenesis and PA expression are dependent on endogenous bFGF , ( 2 ) that this phenomenon is not mediated by a decrease in VEGFR 2 expression and that apoptosis does not necessarily correlate with inhibition of invasion , and ( 3 ) that inhibition of endogenous bFGF in VEGF treated cells results in a net antiproteolytic ( and possibly also anti adherent ) effect , which could account in part for the inhibitory effect of the anti bFGF antibodies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the interaction between vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor , we have constructed a chimeric protein consisting of the extracellular ligand binding domain of the human VEGF receptor subtype KDR fused to a human IgG 1 Fc domain ( KDR Fc ) . ^^^ KDR Fc was expressed in human 293 kidney epithelial cells as a 300 kDa secreted , dimeric glycoprotein that bound 125I VEGF 165 with high affinity ( Kd = 150 pM ) . ^^^ Unlike the full length cellular receptor , KDR Fc did not require heparin for 125I VEGF 165 binding , although heparin did stimulate 125I VEGF 165 binding approximately 50 to 100 % . ^^^ Since yeast do not synthesize heparan sulfate proteoglycans , we conclude that cellular heparan sulfates do not account for the lack of a heparin requirement for 125I VEGF 165 binding to KDR Fc . ^^^ The polycationic protein protamine , which inhibits ( IC 50 = 1 microgram / ml ) 125I VEGF 165 binding to bovine aortic endothelial cells and other KDR expressing cells by blocking heparin interactions , had no effect on the heparin independent component of 125I VEGF 165 binding to KDR Fc . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Identification of a heparin binding peptide on the extracellular domain of the KDR VEGF receptor . ^^^ In this manuscript we provide results which are consistent with the hypothesis that an interaction between heparin and a site on the KDR receptor subtype is essential for VEGF 165 binding . ^^^ First , we demonstrate that expression of KDR into a CHO cell line deficient in heparan sulfate biosynthesis does not allow VEGF 165 binding unless heparin is exogenously added during the binding assay . ^^^ Secondly , we show that a ten amino acid synthetic peptide , corresponding to a sequence from the extracellular domain of the KDR , both inhibits VEGF 165 binding to the receptor and also binds heparin with high avidity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial cell growth factor ( VEGF ) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of angiogenesis by binding to its cognate receptor molecule type 2 ( VEGFr 2 , KDR ) . ^^^ An increasing number of reports indicate that VEGF / VEGFr 2 also play a fundamental role for tumor angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two VEGF receptors , fms like tyrosine kinase 1 ( FLT 1 ) and KDR , have been identified almost specifically on human endothelial cells . ^^^ Both mutant VEGF , which activates only KDR , and placenta growth factor , which activates only FLT 1 , were able to enhance FLT 1 expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , expression of VEGF and its receptors , fetal liver kinase 1 ( flk 1 ) and fms like tyrosine kinase 1 ( flt 1 ) , was examined in rat carotid arteries after balloon injury . ^^^ Although VEGF and flk 1 were not detectable , high levels of flt 1 mRNA and protein were expressed by smooth muscle cells ( SMCs ) in the neointima , as demonstrated by en face in situ hybridization and Western blotting . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors , KDR , Flt 1 and Flt 4 in oral SCCs was examined in relation to the vessel density and lymph node metastasis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analyses of VEGF D receptor specificity revealed that VEGF D is a ligand for both VEGF receptors ( VEGFRs ) VEGFR 2 ( Flk 1 ) and VEGFR 3 ( Flt 4 ) and can activate these receptors . ^^^ Vascular endothelial growth factor D ( VEGF D ) is a ligand for the tyrosine kinases VEGF receptor 2 ( Flk 1 ) and VEGF receptor 3 ( Flt 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Avian VEGF C : cloning , embryonic expression pattern and stimulation of the differentiation of VEGFR 2 expressing endothelial cell precursors . ^^^ We have isolated the quail VEGF C cDNA and shown that its protein product is secreted from transfected cells and interacts with the avian VEGFR 3 and VEGFR 2 . ^^^ The comparison of the VEGF and VEGFR 2 knockout phenotypes had suggested the existence of another ligand for VEGFR 2 . ^^^ We therefore investigated the effect of VEGF C on VEGFR 2 positive cells isolated from the posterior mesoderm of gastrulating embryos . ^^^ We have recently shown that VEGF binding triggers endothelial differentiation of these cells , whereas hemopoietic differentiation appears to be mediated by binding of a so far unidentified VEGFR 2 ligand . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , two endothelial cell surface receptors , flk 1 and flt 1 , have been shown to mediate the angiogenic activities of VEGF . ^^^ A soluble VEGF receptor was constructed by fusing the entire extracellular domain of murine flk 1 to a six histidine tag at the COOH terminus ( ExFlk . 6His ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retroviral vectors carrying mTNF alpha have been generated whose expression is controlled either by the retroviral long terminal repeat or by 5 ' proximal promoter sequences from the endothelial specific kinase insert domain receptor ( KDR ) / VEGF receptor and E Selectin promoters within the context of a self inactivating ( SIN ) vector backbone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF binds to the related receptor tyrosine kinases Flt 1 and KDR / Flk 1 with high affinity , whereas PlGF binds only to Flt 1 . ^^^ We examined VEGF and PlGF for their capacity to stimulate signal transduction in porcine aortic endothelial cells expressing Flt 1 or KDR . ^^^ VEGF had essentially no effect on Flt 1 expressing cells , but induced DNA synthesis and migration of KDR expressing cells . ^^^ In agreement , MAP kinase , examined as a marker for DNA synthesis , was activated both by VEGF stimulation of the KDR cells and by PlGF stimulation of the Flt 1 cells . ^^^ In contrast , phospholipase C gamma ( PLC gamma ) , was tyrosine phosphorylated only in VEGF stimulated KDR cells , and not in the PlGF stimulated Flt 1 cells , which is in agreement with a role for PLC gamma in cellular migration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We studied the expression and function of VEGF and its receptors fms like tyrosine kinase ( Flt 1 ) and fetal liver kinase ( designated as kinase insert domain containing receptor , KDR in the human ) in the human epididymis . ^^^ VEGF may act as a paracrine effector to influence the permeability of lymphatic vessels via Flt 1 , and of blood vessels via KDR . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of Flk 1 , and flt 1 ( the two VEGF receptors ) and also of tie 2 , which is crucial for blood island formation , was detected as early as day 4 , and also on days 8 and 21 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF activates the endothelial VEGF receptors ( VEGFR ) 1 and 2 , and VEGF C activates VEGFR 3 and VEGFR 2 . ^^^ Surprisingly , we found that the recombinant mature VEGF C in which Cys 156 was replaced by a Ser residue is a selective agonist of VEGFR 3 . ^^^ These data point out the critical role of VEGFR 2 mediated signal transduction for the vascular permeability activity of VEGF C and strongly suggest that the redundant biological effects of VEGF and VEGF C depend on binding and activation of VEGFR 2 . ^^^ The DeltaNDeltaC156S mutant may provide a valuable tool for the analysis of VEGF C effects mediated selectively via VEGFR 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The possible participation of VEGF and its high affinity tyrosine kinase receptors , flk 1 and flt 1 , in early background diabetic retinopathy was studied in the streptozotocin induced diabetic rat model of experimental retinopathy using in situ hybridization , blotting techniques , and immunohistochemistry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mRNA levels of the VEGF receptor , Flk 1 , and the endothelial cell specific receptor tyrosine kinase , Tie 1 , were increased in lung mesenchyme of the transgenic mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that the mRNA for the VEGF and VEGF C binding VEGFR 2 ( KDR / Flk 1 ) was stimulated by IL 1beta in human umbilical vein endothelial cells , whereas the mRNA levels of VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) and VEGFR 3 ( Flt 4 ) were not altered . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These findings suggest that Ang 2 might potentiate VEGF induced angiogenic activity through an increase of the VEGF receptor KDR / Flk 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , a major regulator of angiogenesis , binds to two receptor tyrosine kinases , KDR / Flk 1 and Flt 1 . ^^^ When coexpressed in cells with KDR , neuropilin 1 enhances the binding of VEGF 165 to KDR and VEGF 165 mediated chemotaxis . ^^^ Conversely , inhibition of VEGF 165 binding to neuropilin 1 inhibits its binding to KDR and its mitogenic activity for endothelial cells . ^^^ We propose that neuropilin 1 is a novel VEGF receptor that modulates VEGF binding to KDR and subsequent bioactivity and therefore may regulate VEGF induced angiogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is a dimeric hormone that controls much of vascular development through binding and activation of its kinase domain receptor ( KDR ) . ^^^ Deletion experiments in KDR indicate that of the seven IgG like domains in the extracellular domain , only domains 2 3 are needed for tight binding of VEGF . ^^^ Monomeric forms of the extracellular domain of KDR bind approximately 100 times weaker than dimeric forms showing a strong avidity component for binding of VEGF to predimerized forms of the receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To examine the association of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) expression with tumor angiogenesis , survival and thymidine phosphorylase / platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor ( dThdPase / PD ECGF ) expression in human colorectal cancer , immunohistochemical studies were performed on 136 cases of resected colorectal cancer specimens using antibodies for VEGF , KDR , CD 34 and dThdPase / PD ECGF . ^^^ Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that vessel counts and VEGF expression were significant and independent prognostic factors , but that KDR expression was not . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , several hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies against the VEGF : receptor ( Flk 1 ) complex or against VEGF itself have been raised . ^^^ Three of the antibodies ( 3E7 , GV39M , and 11B5 ) bind with high affinity to the VEGF : Flk 1 complex in ELISA and to tumor endothelium in frozen sections of human tumors , rodent tumors , and human tumor xenografts . 3E7 and GV39M localize selectively to tumor endothelium after i . v . injection into mice bearing human tumor xenografts . ^^^ Additionally , one antibody ( 2C3 ) was raised that blocks the interaction between VEGF and KDR / Flk 1 . 2C3 inhibits VEGF mediated growth of endothelial cells in vitro and localizes strongly to connective tissue in tumors after injection into mice bearing human tumor xenografts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemical analyses were conducted using antibodies against factor 8 ( endothelial cells ) , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors ( KDR andflt 1 ) , and basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) and its receptors ( bek andflg ) . ^^^ The expression of VEGF and bFGF , the vessel count , and positivity of KDR on endothelium were all significantly higher in MTPDA than in non MTPDA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) binds to its receptor tyrosine kinase Flt 1 and KDR / Flk 1 and stimulates their autophosphorylation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fetal and newborn explants had a highly complex network of branched vessels that immunoexpressed the flt 1 VEGF receptor , and flk 1 VEGF receptor expression was determined by reverse transcription PCR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In humans , the cellular actions of VEGF depend on binding to two specific receptors : Flt 1 and KDR . ^^^ The aims of this study were : ( 1 ) to localize VEGF receptor proteins in human renal ontogenesis ; ( 2 ) to quantify VEGF binding in human fetal and adult kidney ; and ( 3 ) to dissect the binding into its two known components : the KDR and Flt 1 receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The FLT 1 and KDR genes encode transmembrane tyrosine kinases which function as high affinity receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) . ^^^ Soluble KDR only partially inhibits cell migration even at high concentrations , in contrast to sFLT which can almost completely block ( 82 % ) VEGF induced cell proliferation and migration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The binding of VEGF to its two known receptors , KDR and Flt 1 , is modulated by cell surface associated heparin like glycosaminoglycans and exogenous heparin or heparan sulfate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we demonstrate that bFGF increases VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 / Flk 1 ) expression : mRNA levels were increased by 4 . 5 to 8 . 0 fold and total protein by 2 . 0 to 3 . 5 fold , in bovine microvascular endothelial ( BME ) , aortic endothelial ( BAE ) , and transformed fetal aortic ( GM 7373 ) endothelial cells . ^^^ VEGF itself did not affect VEGFR 2 expression , and neither bFGF nor VEGF altered expression of FGF receptor 1 . ^^^ These findings demonstrate that the level of VEGFR 2 expression can be modulated by environmental factors including cytokines and the geometry of the culture conditions and provide some insight into the mechanisms of synergism between bFGF and VEGF in the induction of angiogenesis in vitro . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They still retained expression of receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , Fit 1 , and kinase domain containing receptor ( KDR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Structure activity analysis for these compounds and their relative potency and selectivity to inhibit particular RTKs has determined that ( 1 ) 3 [ ( five membered heteroaryl ring ) methylidenyl ] indolin 2 ones are highly specific against the VEGF ( Flk 1 ) RTK activity , ( 2 ) 3 ( substituted benzylidenyl ) indolin 2 ones containing bulky group ( s ) in the phenyl ring at the C 3 position of indolin 2 ones showed high selectivity toward the EGF and Her 2 RTKs , and ( 3 ) the compound containing an extended side chain at the C 3 position of the indolin 2 one ( 16 ) exhibited high potency and selectivity when tested against the PDGF and VEGF ( Flk 1 ) RTKs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These mice demonstrated an increased density of tortuous cutaneous blood capillaries with elevated expression levels of the high affinity VEGF receptors , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , most prominently during the neonatal period . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The VEGF receptors , kinase domain region ( KDR ) and Fms like tyrosine kinase ( Flt 1 ) , also were upregulated in the tumor vasculature of glioblastoma multiforme , anaplastic oligodendrogliomas , and ependymomas with necrosis , whereas the astrocytomas grade 2 , anaplastic astrocytomas , and oligodendroglioma tumors tended to express a weak to nondetectable signal . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RNAse protection from cells activated in vivo demonstrated biphasic induction of flt 1 and flk 1 mRNAs , receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) . ^^^ Culture activation of stellate cells was associated with increased [ 125I ] VEGF binding and Flt 1 and Flk 1 receptor protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aptamers potently inhibit the binding of VEGF to the human VEGF receptors , KDR and Flt 1 , expressed by transfected porcine aortic endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Flk 1 , a receptor tyrosine kinase for vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , is the earliest known marker for endothelial precursors ( angioblasts ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Receptor tyrosine kinases Flt 1 and Flk 1 / KDR , and their ligand , the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , were shown to be essential for angiogenesis in the mouse embryo by gene targeting . ^^^ Flt 1 differs from Flk 1 in that it displays a higher affinity for VEGF but lower kinase activity , suggesting the importance of its extracellular domain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A single chain antibody phage display library was constructed from spleen cells of mice immunized with a soluble form of a human vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor , kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) . ^^^ Subsequent selection identified two clones that blocked VEGF binding to KDR . ^^^ One scFv , p1C11 , was shown to inhibit VEGF induced KDR phosphorylation and VEGF stimulated DNA synthesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells . ^^^ There is much experimental evidence to suggest that the VEGF / KDR / Flk 1 pathway plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis , a process that is essential for tumor growth and metastasis . ^^^ The antibodies discussed here , which block VEGF binding to KDR , have potential clinical application in the treatment of cancer and other diseases where pathological angiogenesis is involved . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , the localization and magnitude of VEGF , VEGF receptor 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) , and VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) gene expression were examined in the eye of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats using quantitative in situ hybridization . ^^^ The changes in retinal expression of VEGF and VEGFR 2 in association with diabetes suggest a role for this pathway in diabetic retinopathy . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is a homodimeric glycoprotein that promotes angiogenesis and vascular hyperpermeability and interacts with two receptors , fms like tyrosine kinase ( Flt 1 ) and kinase domain containing region ( KDR ) . ^^^ Results of immunocytochemical and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that both protein and mRNA of VEGF , Flt 1 , and KDR were expressed by cultured normal EVT cells as well as their premalignant derivative produced by SV 40 Tag immortalization , and BeWo choriocarcinoma cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutational analyses of the receptor tyrosine kinase flk 1 and its ligand vascular endothelial growth factor , VEGF , indicate that these molecules are critical for vascular development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hypoxia regulates the expression of both vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor ( KDR ) . ^^^ We have shown that cell density regulates VEGF expression in colon cancer and hypothesized that a similar mechanism regulates KDR in endothelial cells . ^^^ Northern blot analysis revealed that KDR and VEGF mRNA expression in confluent cells was more than two fold greater than in sparse cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , the mRNA expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 [ VEGF RS ( FLK 1 ) ] was lower in IPE than in RPE cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunolabeling with antibodies against the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor , Flk 1 , the EphB 1 receptor , and its ligand , ephrin B 1 , labeled discrete mesenchymal cells in embryonic and newborn kidney cortex , as well as developing microvessel and glomerular endothelium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors ( Flt 1 and Flk 1 ) following permanent and transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in the rat . ^^^ The present report describes the immunohistochemical distribution of VEGF and its 2 receptors , Flt 1 and Flk 1 at day 1 and 3 following permanent and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAO ) in the rat . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects of coronary artery disease ( CAD ) on human coronary microvascular responses to vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and the alterations of the myocardial expressions of VEGF and its flk 1 and flt 1 receptors were examined in 48 patients . ^^^ CAD is associated with reduced vascular responses to both VEGF and HGF ; this is not likely due to a reduced expression of VEGF or flt 1 or flk 1 receptors and not due to a generalized endothelium dysfunction despite the presence of mild hypercholesterolemia in these patients with CAD . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF receptors 1 and 2 ( flt 1 and flk 1 ) as well as the recently identified angiopoietin receptors ( tie 1 and tie 2 ) are receptor tyrosine kinases specifically expressed in endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Proof of concept was established by developing a monoclonal rat anti mouse VEGFR 2 antibody ( DC 101 ) and showing that it potently blocked the binding of VEGF to its receptor , inhibited VEGF induced signaling , and strongly blocked tumor growth in mice through an anti angiogenic mechanism . ^^^ Monoclonal antibodies targeting the VEGF receptor 2 ( Flk1 / KDR ) as an anti angiogenic therapeutic strategy . ^^^ The anti KDR antibodies compete on an equimolar basis with VEGF for binding to KDR and inhibit with similar potency the VEGF induced signaling and mitogenesis in human endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To explore the signal transduction pathway for the effect of VEGF on SMCs , we studied the expression of 2 high affinity VEGF receptors , the kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) and flt 1 , in human SMCs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Comparison of VEGF protein immunolabel with both of the VEGFR immunolabels revealed overlap and strong similarity on day 20 in the oxygen injured eyes . ^^^ Evidence for upregulation and redistribution of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptors flt 1 and flk 1 in the oxygen injured rat retina . ^^^ In this study we probed for the two VEGF receptors ( VEGFRs ) known to have highest affinity in the rat flt 1 and flk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results indicate that Sck binds to KDR and Flt 1 via its SH 2 domain and might play an important role in VEGF signal transduction . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the possibility that vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) treatment could regulate KDR / Flk 1 receptor expression in endothelial cells . ^^^ Western blot analysis showed a 3 5 fold increase in total KDR protein following 4 day VEGF treatment . ^^^ Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated a 3 fold increase in KDR mRNA levels following VEGF exposure . ^^^ VEGF induced KDR expression primarily occurred at the transcriptional level as demonstrated by a luciferase reporter assay system . ^^^ Inhibition of tyrosine kinase , Src tyrosine kinase , protein kinase C , and mitogen activated protein kinase activities all blocked VEGF induced KDR up regulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) expression revealed that BME , BAE , and BLE cell lines express VEGFR 1 and 2 , whereas of the three cell lines assessed , only BAE cells express VEGFR 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , VEGF E bound KDR / Flk 1 ( VEGFR 2 ) and induced its autophosphorylation to almost the same extent as VEGF 165 , but did not bind Flt 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) nor induce autophosphorylation of Flt 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) for vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) has been shown to be involved in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF expression as well as the expression of 2 VEGF receptors , flt 1 and Flk 1 , were studied with immunohistochemical techniques in these samples at the different stages of human coronary atherosclerosis progression . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : These results demonstrate distinct expression of VEGF and its receptors ( flt 1 and Flk 1 ) in atherosclerotic lesions in human coronary arteries . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Archival specimens of 51 intestinal type and 38 diffuse type human gastric carcinomas were examined for tumor vessel counts , angiogenic factor expression , and the presence or absence of angiogenic factor receptors on tumor endothelium using antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors ( KDR and flt 1 ) , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) and its receptors ( bek and flg ) , and factor 8 ( endothelial cells ) . ^^^ Vessel count correlated with VEGF expression and the presence of endothelial KDR in intestinal type gastric cancer ( P = 0 . 003 and P = 0 . 02 , respectively ) but not diffuse type gastric cancer . ^^^ Vessel count , VEGF expression , and presence of endothelial KDR increased with increasing stage of disease in intestinal type gastric cancer but not diffuse type gastric cancer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In situ hybridization experiments with probes for the flk 1 receptor and its high affinity ligand , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ; Terman et al . [ 1992 ] Biochem . ^^^ The physical separation of the VEGF producing cells from the flk 1 expressing endothelium ( due to the differentiation of the lens epithelial cells into lens fiber cells and the formation of the lenticular capsule ) may deprive the endothelium of an essential survival factor and , thus , may constitute the primary mechanism that is responsible for the induction of endothelial cell apoptosis in this model . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF C also induced an elongated , spindle like cell shape change and actin reorganization in both VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 and VEGFR 3 overexpressing endothelial cells , but not in VEGFR 1 expressing cells . ^^^ Further , both VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 could mediate proliferative and chemotactic responses in endothelial cells on VEGF C stimulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To characterize molecular and cellular systems that may play a role in regulating blood vessel maturation , we have ( a ) analyzed the spatiotemporal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors VEGF R 1 ( Flt 1 ) and VEGF R 2 ( Flk 1 ) throughout the ovarian cycle , ( b ) examined the recruitment of pericytes during vessel maturation , and ( c ) quantitatively measured the ratio of angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) to angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) throughout the ovarian cycle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is a dimeric protein which induces formation of new blood vessels ( angiogenesis ) through binding to VEGF receptor 2 tyrosine kinase ( VEGFR 2 TK ) or KDR ( kinase insert domain containing receptor ) on the surface of endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the time dependent changes in the expression of VEGF and its receptor KDR / Flk in a transient retinal ischemia reperfusion injury model . ^^^ In situ hybridization was used to identify the retinal cells synthesizing VEGF mRNA and KDR mRNA at various times following reperfusion . ^^^ RESULTS : In the control , non ischemic retinas , signals for VEGF mRNA and KDR mRNA were observed in the cells of the ganglion cell layer . ^^^ Immediately and 6 h after reperfusion , VEGF and KDR mRNA expression was markedly decreased , but recovered by 24 h to the levels observed in normal retinas . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : The hybridization pattern of VEGF and KDR mRNA in the ganglion cell layer strongly suggests that the ganglion cells are the major source of this growth factor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Intriguingly , the expression of VEGF receptor 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) was detected in certain spermatogenic cells in addition to vascular endothelium , and both VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 were also found in the Leydig cells of the testis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because myocardial and peripheral edema and systemic hypotension occur frequently after cardiac operations , we examined the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) and cardioplegia on gene expressions of VEGF protein and the VEGF tyrosine kinase receptor flk 1 and coronary vascular responses to VEGF . ^^^ Myocardial and skeletal muscle specimens were obtained for Northern analysis of VEGF protein , flk 1 receptor , and basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) mRNA before CPB and after 2 hours of reperfusion . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : This study shows that VEGF protein and its flk 1 receptor gene expressions are selectively increased and the potent VEGF induced vascular responses are enhanced in the coronary microcirculation after blood cardioplegia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , in addition to VEGF itself , expression of VEGF receptor 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) , but not VEGFR 2 , was induced by hypoxia in endothelial cells of lung , heart , brain , kidney , and liver . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The various VEGF forms bind to two tyrosine kinase receptors , VEGFR 1 ( flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( KDR / flk 1 ) , which are expressed almost exclusively in endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study aimed to investigate whether VEGF released from hypoxia exposed Hep G 2 cells alters expression of the two distinct receptors , kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) and fms like tyrosine kinase 1 ( flt 1 ) , in human umbilical venous endothelial cells ( HUVEC ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF receptors ( VEGFRs ) flt 1 / VEGFR 1 and Flk 1 / KDR / VEGFR 2 are restricted to activated endothelial cells , with the highest expression being in the tumor vasculature . ^^^ Because nearly all tumors induce local angiogenesis with high VEGFR expression , VEGF derived toxins may have wide application in cancer therapy . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Peptides that inhibit binding of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) to its receptors , KDR and Flt 1 , have been produced using phage display . ^^^ The peptides bind to a region of VEGF known to contain the contact surface for Flt 1 and the functional determinants for KDR binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The lymphangiomas developed in the peritoneal cavity and expressed the endothelial markers CD31 / PECAM ( platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule ) , CD54 / ICAM 1 ( InterCellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ) , and CD102 / ICAM 2 , as well as the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor Flk 1 , the endothelial cell specific receptors Tie 1 and Tie 2 and the lymphatic endothelial cell specific Flt 4 receptor as shown by in situ hybridization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its specific receptors Flt 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) and KDR ( VEGFR 2 ) compose potent ligand receptor systems involved in angiogenesis and microvascular hyperpermeability . ^^^ Immunohistochemical localization of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its two specific receptors , Flt 1 and KDR , in the porcine placenta and non pregnant uterus . ^^^ In the present immunohistochemical study , VEGF , Flt 1 and KDR were localized in uterus of cyclic non pregnant pigs and in the porcine epitheliochorial placenta throughout gestation . ^^^ In non pregnant pigs , VEGF , Flt 1 and KDR exhibited moderate to intense staining in uterine luminal epithelium and smooth muscle cells of the vessel walls . ^^^ In the fetal part of the placenta , VEGF , Flt 1 and KDR immunostaining displayed moderate to intense reactivity in the trophoblast throughout gestation , except during the second half of early gestation ( days 21 30 p . c . ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF ( 10 ( 10 ) M ) induced a two to threefold increase in Pa , which was blocked by a monoclonal antibody directed against the VEGF receptor Flk 1 / KDR , the phospholipase C ( PLC ) antagonist U 73122 , or the protein kinase C ( PKC ) antagonist bisindolylmaleimide ( BIM ) . ^^^ The results suggest that VEGF induces venular hyperpermeability through a KDR receptor mediated activation of PLC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma cells in the bone marrow from patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma were found to express VEGF , whereas both the Flt 1 and KDR high affinity VEGF receptors were observed to be markedly elevated in the normal bone marrow myeloid and monocytic cells surrounding the tumor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In crossbreeding experiments , hemizygous ablation of the tumor suppressor genes Rb and p 53 had no significant effect on the expression of VEGF , flt 1 , flk 1 , tie 1 , and tie 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the first trimester trophoblast cells , PIGF 1 increased the association of phosphorylated extracellular signal related kinase ( ERK ) with VEGFR 1 immunoprecipitates while both PIGF 1 and PIGF 2 also potentiated endogenous VEGF mediated association of phosphorylated extracellular related kinase ( ERK ) with VEGFR 2 ( KDR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) like protein from orf virus NZ 2 binds to VEGFR 2 and neuropilin 1 . ^^^ ORFV 2 VEGF was found to bind and induce autophosphorylation of VEGFR 2 and was unable to bind or activate VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 3 , but bound the newly identified VEGF 165 receptor neuropilin 1 . ^^^ These results indicate that , from a functional viewpoint , ORFV 2 VEGF is indeed a member of the VEGF family of molecules , but is unique , however , in that it utilizes only VEGFR 2 and neuropilin 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF , VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , microvessel density and endothelial cell proliferation in tumours of the ovary . ^^^ VEGF , VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 and EC proliferation were examined immuno histochemically , and in situ hybridisation ( ISH ) studies of VEGF mRNA expression were performed and assessed in regions of high ( HVD ) and average ( AVD ) vessel density . ^^^ VEGF immunostaining did not differ between tumour types ; however , the percentage of VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 positive vessels was significantly lower in mucinous tumours . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Autophosphorylation of KDR in the kinase domain is required for maximal VEGF stimulated kinase activity and receptor internalization . ^^^ We have previously reported the identification of four autophosphorylation sites on the KDR VEGF receptor . ^^^ VEGF binding to KDR ( Y951F ) and KDR ( Y996F ) expressing cells resulted in phosphorylation of all cellular substrates tested , although the level of PLCgamma phosphorylation was decreased for KDR ( Y996F ) . ^^^ VEGF binding to cells expressing KDR mutated at both tyrosine ' s 1054 and 1059 activated receptor autophosphorylation but at a level which was only 10 % of that seen for cells expressing native receptor . ^^^ We conclude from this result that VEGF induced autophosphorylation at tyrosines 1054 and 1059 is a required step for allowing maximal KDR kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate whether angiogenesis contributes to the pathogenesis of human colonic angiodysplasia , we examined the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , and its endothelial cell receptors flt 1 and KDR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results suggest that KDR , FLT 1 , PlGF and TIE 1 mRNAs are present in the mesenchymal cells of RCC , while VEGF and FGFR 4 genes are expressed in RCC cells themselves in vivo . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The immunolocalization and gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its cognate tyrosine kinase receptors , Flt 1 and KDR , has been studied in ocular melanomas and retinoblastomas using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry . ^^^ Flt 1 and KDR gene expression and immunolocalization occurred in VEGF expressing ganglion , Mller and amacrine cells in normal eyes . ^^^ Within the intra ocular tumours , VEGF receptor gene expression and protein was evident in the endothelial cells and also in cells close to the vessels , while in the adjacent retina , Flt 1 and KDR levels were elevated over normal , especially in the blood vessels . ^^^ This study suggests that VEGF , Flt 1 and KDR are expressed by neural , glial and vascular elements within normal human retina . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , we demonstrate that HGF / SF increases the expression of the VEGF receptor flk 1 in human endothelial cells and that , in an angiogenesis co culture assay of endothelial cells and keratinocytes , HGF / SF increases endothelial cell tube formation significantly . ^^^ This effect would be enhanced by an increased responsiveness of endothelial cells toward VEGF , resulting from the HGF / SF induced up regulation of flk 1 on these cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF and flk 1 protein expression and microvessel density of LNCaP cell tumors were quantified by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ In vivo , LNCaP LN 3 tumors exhibited higher levels of VEGF mRNA and protein ( 152 . 2+ / 28 . 5 and 200 . 5+ / 28 . 3 ) and of flk 1 protein ( 156 . 5+ / 20 . 6 ) and had higher microvessel density ( 16 . 4+ / 4 . 2 ) than either LNCaP tumors ( 89+ / 17 . 5 , 173 . 3+ / 23 . 0 , 124 . 6+ / 21 . 6 , and 12 . 4+ / 3 . 5 , respectively ) or LNCaP Pro 5 tumors ( 63+ / 14 . 7 , 141 . 2+ / 38 . 1 , 126 . 1+ / 20 , and 5 . 8+ / 2 . 2 , respectively ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The VEGF induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the VEGF receptor , Flk 1 , and its association with the Shc / Grb2 / Ras GAP ( guanosine triphosphatase activating protein ) complex were unaffected by 16K hPRL treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors ( VEGFRs ) , VEGFR 1 / Flt 1 and VEGFR 2 / Flk 1 , was investigated by immunohistochemical and northern blot analysis during lung carcinogenesis by N nitrosobis ( 2 hydroxypropyl ) amine ( BHP ) in male Wistar rats . ^^^ In addition , VEGF mRNA and VEGFR mRNAs were found to be overexpressed in most adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas as well as in one to three of the five adenomas tested . ^^^ Moreover , overexpression of VEGF was related to upregulation of VEGFR 1 / Flt 1 and VEGFR 2 / Flk 1 expression in malignant and premalignant lung lesions . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We obtained evidence that it is mainly vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) that mediates the angiogenic activity of insulin as follows . ( 1 ) Insulin upregulates the level of mRNA coding for secretory forms of VEGF , while the expression of the two VEGF receptor genes , kinase insert domain containing receptor ( kdr ) and fms like tyrosine kinase 1 ( flt 1 ) , was essentially unchanged by exposure to insulin . ( 2 ) A monoclonal antibody against human VEGF can completely neutralize both the proliferation and the tube formation of EC induced by insulin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Binding of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) to its receptor , VEGFR 2 ( Flk 1 / KDR ) , induces dimerization and activation of the tyrosine kinase domain of the receptor , resulting in autophosphorylation of cytoplasmic tyrosine residues used as docking sites for signaling proteins that relay the signals for cell proliferation , migration , and permeability enhancement . ^^^ We explored the VEGF / receptor signaling pathway by performing a two hybrid screen of a rat lung cDNA library in yeast using the intracellular domain of rat VEGFR 2 as bait . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Basic fibroblast growth factor induces expression of VEGF receptor KDR through a protein kinase C and p44 / p42 mitogen activated protein kinase dependent pathway . ^^^ We examined whether VEGF and bFGF affect expression of each other or alter expression of the VEGF receptor KDR in retinal capillary endothelial cells . ^^^ VEGF induced [ 3H ] thymidine uptake was tightly correlated with KDR mRNA and protein concentrations , suggesting that increased KDR expression might account for VEGF ' s synergistic activity in the presence of bFGF . bFGF ( 10 ng / ml ) induced KDR mRNA expression within 4 h and attained a 4 . 0 fold increase after 24 h . ^^^ VEGF ( = 50 ng / ml ) did not alter bFGF , VEGF , or KDR mRNA expression under serum deprived conditions . ^^^ In contrast , VEGF increased KDR mRNA expression 87 % under growth conditions and 2 . 9 fold under serum deprived conditions in the presence of bFGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of this study was to quantify and localize the mRNA expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptors Flt 1 , KDR and sflt , in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study we examined whether retroviruses encoding a mutant VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) could suppress tumor angiogenesis and thereby prolong the survival of rats bearing syngeneic intracerebral glioma tumors . ^^^ These results suggest a dual mode of function of truncated VEGFR 2 , namely dominant negative inhibition of VEGFR 2 function and VEGF depletion by receptor binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the transcription of VEGF and its receptor KDR / flk 1 genes during the development of experimentally induced choroidal neovascularization . ^^^ METHODS : Rat VEGF or KDR cDNA was inserted in PGEM or pBluescript to prepare antisense or sense riboprobes . ^^^ The sections were subjected to in situ hybridization with digoxigenin ( DIG ) labeled single strand rat VEGF and KDR cDNA riboprobes . ^^^ RESULTS : In normal adult rat retinas , VEGF and KDR mRNA expression was mainly observed in the ganglion cell and the inner nuclear layers . ^^^ During the development of neovascularization , VEGF and KDR mRNAs were detected in retinal pigment epithelial like cells , fibroblast like cells and endothelial cells in neovascular lesions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) is the human vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor responsible for the mitogenic and angiogenic effects of VEGF . ^^^ There is much experimental evidence to suggest that the VEGF / KDR pathway plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis , a process essential for tumor growth and metastasis . ^^^ It effectively blocks VEGF KDR interaction and inhibits VEGF stimulated activation of KDR and MAP kinases p44 / p42 of human endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Production of VEGF and expression of the VEGF receptors Flt 1 and KDR in primary cultures of epithelial and stromal cells derived from breast tumours . ^^^ Production of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and expression of its receptors Flt 1 and KDR was determined in primary cultures of separated epithelial and stromal enriched cultures derived from ten primary human breast carcinomas . ^^^ Thus , production of VEGF and expression of VEGF receptors Flt 1 and KDR by breast cancer epithelial and stromal cells suggests that VEGF may fulfil not only an angiogenic role , but also play a fundamental role as an autocrine / paracrine regulator in breast cancer , thereby facilitating tumour proliferation and subsequent invasion . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Identification of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor 2 ( Flk 1 ) promoter / enhancer sequences sufficient for angioblast and endothelial cell specific transcription in transgenic mice . ^^^ The vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor 2 ( Flk 1 ) is the first endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase to be expressed in angioblast precursors , and its function is essential for the differentiation of endothelial cells and hematopoietic precursors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The reason why EPA suppressed endothelial cell proliferation induced by VEGF was that EPA selectively inhibited the expression of KDR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results suggest that the mAb binds primarily to a conformation dependent epitope on the VEGF dimeric form , encompassing one of the loop regions involved in KDR receptor binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : We report here the generation , kinetic characterization , and 2 . 4 A crystal structure of the catalytic kinase domain of VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we examined the protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its specific and functional receptor KDR in human breast tissue . ^^^ Immunostaining of KDR was localized to endothelium and epithelium of mammary ducts in malignant and benign breast tissue , while VEGF immunoreactivity was primarily found in the endothelium and also in tumor cells and macrophages . ^^^ Our data demonstrate that KDR activation is enhanced in breast cancer in vivo and emphasize the functional role of VEGF and KDR in the development of malignant breast disease . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both predimerized ( KDR Fc ) and monomeric ( KDR cbu ) receptors were examined with vascular endothelial cell growth factor ( VEGF ) homodimers and VEGF / placental growth factor ( PlGF ) heterodimers . ^^^ VEGF binds to KDR Fc with ka = 3 . 6 + / 0 . 07e6 , kd = 1 . 34 + / 0 . 19e 4 , and KD = 37 . 1 + / 4 . 9 pM . ^^^ In contrast , VEGF / PlGF bound to KDR Fc with ka = 7 . 3 + / 1 . 6e4 , kd = 4 . 4 + / 1 . 2e 4 , and KD = 6 + / 1 . 2 nM . ^^^ We were unable to detect association between VEGF / PlGF and monomeric KDR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors Flt 1 and KDR play important roles in physiological and pathological angiogenesis . ^^^ Ribozymes targeting Flt 1 or KDR mRNA sites reduced VEGF induced proliferation of cultured human vascular endothelial cells and specifically lowered the level of Flt 1 or KDR mRNA present in the cells . ^^^ Anti Flt 1 and KDR ribozymes also exhibited anti angiogenic activity in a rat corneal pocket assay of VEGF induced angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We used the middle cerebral artery occlusion model ( MCAO ) in the rat to investigate VEGF mRNA and protein localization , and VEGFR 1 mRNA and VEGFR 2 mRNA expression in cerebral ischemia . ^^^ By nonradioactive in situ hybridization we observed upregulation of VEGF mRNA and VEGFR 1 mRNA , but not of VEGFR 2 mRNA in the hemisphere ipsilateral to MCA occlusion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Genetic studies in mice have previously demonstrated an intrinsic requirement for the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor Flk 1 in the early development of both the hematopoietic and endothelial cell lineages . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor / vascular permeability factor ( VEGF / VPF ) and its receptors ( flt 1 and flk 1 ) during the peri implantation period ( days 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 and 7 post coitus ) in the golden hamster was investigated by in situ hybridization , immunohistochemistry and the reverse transcription / polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) . ^^^ At day 4 , the subepithelial stroma and embryo displayed immunoreactivity for VEGF and flt 1 , whereas endothelial cells expressed both flt 1 and flk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The VEGF receptor VEGFR 2 is the earliest marker known to be expressed by endothelial precursor cells of avian and mouse embryos . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its corresponding receptors ( flt 1 and flk 1 ) in the bovine oviduct . ^^^ Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) and ribonuclease protection assay ( RPA ) were used to show that the bovine oviduct expresses VEGF and its two receptors flk 1 and flt 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PP1 / AGL1872 did not inhibit phosphorylation of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor KDR ( VEGF receptor 2 ; kinase insert domain containing receptor ) in cell free assays as well as in intact human coronary artery endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunostaining showed that the VEGF receptor fetal liver kinase receptor ( flk 1 ) was found on nerve cell bodies in DRG and to a lesser extent on neurons in SCG . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This is based on the following observations : PF 4 peptide 47 70 inhibited FGF 2 or VEGF binding to endothelial cells ; it inhibited FGF 2 or VEGF binding to FGFRs or VEGFRs in heparan sulfate deficient CHO cells transfected with FGFR 1 ( CHOFGFR 1 ) or VEGFR 2 ( CHOmVEGFR 2 ) cDNA ; it blocked proliferation or tube formation in three dimensional angiogenesis assays ; and , finally , it competed with the direct association of ( 125 ) 1 PF 4 with FGF 2 or VEGF , respectively , and inhibited heparin induced FGF 2 dimerization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) in fibrogenesis , the distribution patterns of the VEGF receptors Flt 1 and Flk 1 were studied by immunohistochemistry , double immunofluorescence , and immunoelectron microscopy in normal ( n=2 ) and bleomycin treated ( n=21 ) adult rats . ^^^ Flt 1 , Flk 1 , and VEGF immunoreactivity localised predominantly to the pulmonary epithelium . ^^^ In control lungs , Flt 1 immunoreactivity was present in ciliated bronchial epithelium and type 2 pneumocytes , Flk 1 in Clara cells , and VEGF in Clara cells and type 2 pneumocytes . ^^^ Bleomycin induced fibrogenesis was characterised by a decrease in Flk 1 immunoreactivity of Clara cells , and an increase in VEGF immunoreactive myofibroblasts and type 2 pneumocytes by day 5 p . t . , followed by a progressive accumulation of Flk 1 immunoreactive mast cells by day 24 p . t . in fibrotic lesions containing VEGF immunoreactive myofibroblasts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of VEGF and its two receptors , Flk 1 and Flt 1 , is pivotal for the proper formation of blood vessels in embryogenesis as shown by gene targeting experiments . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results indicate that RPE secretes VEGF toward its basal side where its receptor KDR is located on the adjacent CC endothelium , suggesting a role of VEGF in a paracrine relation , possibly in cooperation with flt 4 and its ligand . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunolocalisation of the VEGF receptors FLT 1 , KDR , and FLT 4 in diabetic retinopathy . ^^^ AIM : To determine the spatial and temporal changes in the staining pattern of the VEGF receptors FLT 1 , KDR , and the putative receptor FLT 4 during the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy . ^^^ METHODS : Immunohistochemical localisation of VEGF receptors , using antibodies against FLT 1 , FLT 4 , and KDR , was carried out on specimens of normal human retina ( n = 10 ) , diabetic retinas ( a ) with no overt retinopathy ( n = 12 ) , ( b ) with intraretinal vascular abnormalities but no proliferative retinopathy ( n = 5 ) , ( c ) with active proliferative retinopathy ( n = 6 ) , and ( d ) with no residual proliferative retinopathy after scatter photocoagulation therapy ( n = 14 ) , and surgically excised diabetic fibrovascular membranes ( n = 11 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Flk 1 , a receptor tyrosine kinase which is activated upon binding of its ligand VEGF , is predominantly expressed in endothelial cells and essential for the formation of blood vessels since absence of Flk 1 prevents the development of mature endothelial cells in mice and in ES cell differentiation experiments . ^^^ To investigate the role of Flk 1 in PymT induced vascular tumor formation , we studied the expression of Flk 1 and VEGF in PymT transformed endothelial cells ( Endothelioma cells , END . cells ) . ^^^ The receptor and its ligand were both expressed in END . cells suggesting that a VEGF / Flk 1 autocrine loop might be causally involved in the formation of vascular tumors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Constitutive expression of VEGF , VEGFR 1 , and VEGFR 2 in normal eyes . ^^^ PURPOSE : The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its high affinity receptors VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 was investigated in normal eyes . ^^^ Ocular VEGF , VEGFR 1 , and VEGFR 2 expression was studied using a combination of in situ hybridization , northern blot analysis , immunohistochemistry , immunoassay , and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : VEGF , VEGFR 1 , and VEGFR 2 are constitutively expressed in the vascularized tissues of normal eyes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The changes in expression level of VEGF and VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) were measured using northern blot analysis after treatment with E 2 . ^^^ Ten nanomole E 2 also increased VEGF mRNA expression , which peaked after 24 hours ( 6 . 7 times , P < 0 . 05 ) , and VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) mRNA expression , which peaked after 9 hours ( 2 . 4 times , P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ The mRNA expression level of VEGFR 2 peaked with 10 nM E 2 ( P < 0 . 05 ) and that of VEGF reached maximum with 1 nM E 2 ( 15 times , P < 0 . 001 ) . ^^^ VEGFR 2 and VEGF proteins increased in parallel with their mRNA levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis reveals a time and dose dependent up regulation of mRNA for VEGF receptors ( KDR and flt 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , all cell lines and primary tumours expressed the mitogenic VEGF receptor FLK 1 , whilst the non mitogenic receptor FLT 1 was less frequently positive , suggesting that the tyrosine kinase FLK 1 is involved in malignant transformation of neuroblastoma cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
D induces angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro . c fos induced growth factor / vascular endothelial growth factor D ( Figf / Vegf D ) is a secreted factor of the VEGF family that binds to the vessel and lymphatic receptors VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 . ^^^ In vitro Figf / Vegf D induces tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 in primary human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells ( HUVECs ) and in an immortal cell line derived from Kaposi ' s sarcoma lesion ( KS IMM ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the finding that VEGF C also binds to and activates VEGFR 2 may explain why it induces angiogenesis under certain conditions , which makes it relevant to experimental or clinical settings in which one would wish to block or to stimulate angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The data showed that VEGF stimulates complex formation of the flk 1 / kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) VEGF receptor with c Src and that Src activation is required for VEGF induction of phospholipase C gamma 1 activation and inositol 1 , 4 , 5 trisphosphate formation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated the presence of both KDR and flt mRNA , two known VEGF receptors , in SMC cultures . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mRNA levels for both types of VEGF receptors , Flk 1 and Flt 1 were low but detectable in FRC cells by RT PCR and were not changed by OP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These cells express transcripts of the two VEGF receptors KDR and Flt 1 . ^^^ In HCAEC , VEGF stimulates phosphorylation of KDR in a concentration dependent manner proving that KDDR is a functional receptor tyrosine kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF binds to two cell surface tyrosine kinase receptors , KDR ( kinase domain region ) and Flt 1 ( fms like tyrosine kinase 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The HEEC were very responsive to VEGF growth stimulation likely due to elevated affinity , or increased levels of , KDR and FLT 1 on the cell surface . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF exerts its angiogenic and pro tumorigenic properties by way of two high affinity receptors , fms like tyrosine kinase 1 ( FLT 1 ) and fetal liver kinase 1 ( FLK 1 ) . ^^^ The expression of FLT 1 and FLK 1 on tumor cells themselves suggests a potential autocrine function for VEGF ( such as regulating tumor cell proliferation ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the role of VEGF in maintaining the absorptive function of the intramembranous microvessels , the present study was undertaken to determine the gestational change in gene expression of VEGF and its receptors , kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) and fms like tyrosine kinase ( Flt 1 ) , in ovine placenta , chorion , and amnion . ^^^ The relative abundance of VEGF , KDR , and Flt 1 mRNA was determined by Northern blot analysis , and VEGF molecular forms expressed were identified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction . ^^^ In the placenta , KDR was the primary VEGF receptor expressed , although Flt 1 was also detected at very low levels . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : The increase in VEGF gene expression with advancing gestation in the amnion and chorion where KDR is expressed suggests that VEGF and its receptor are important determinants of vascularity and permeability , and thus exchange capacity , of the intramembranous pathway . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The percentages of tumours with higher expression compared to the mean values of normal pleural tissues were 31 . 5 % ( 17 / 54 ) for VEGF , 66 . 7 % ( 36 / 54 ) for VEGF C , 20 . 4 % ( 11 / 54 ) for fms like tyrosine kinase ( flt ) 1 , 42 . 6 % ( 23 / 54 ) for kinase insert domain containing recepter ( KDR ) and 59 . 3 % ( 32 / 54 ) for flt 4 . ^^^ Significant positive correlations were found between VEGF C and flt 4 , VEGF and KDR , VEGF and flt 1 in tumour tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is an angiogenic growth factor that acts via two high affinity receptors ( KDR and Flt 1 ) , and its production is increased in preeclampsia . ^^^ The presence of an anti KDR receptor antibody had no effect on VEGF response . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors Flt 1 and Flk 1 in the rat kidney was examined during ontogeny using Northern blot analysis and immunocytochemistry . ^^^ In prevascular embryonic kidneys ( embryonic day 14 [ E 14 ] ) , immunoreactive Flt 1 and Flk 1 were observed in isolated angioblasts , whereas VEGF was not detected . ^^^ In late fetal kidneys ( E 19 ) , immunoreactive VEGF was detected in glomerular epithelial and tubular cells , whereas Flt 1 and Flk 1 were expressed in contiguous endothelial cells . ^^^ VEGF induced upregulation of Flk 1 and Flt 1 expression , as assessed by Western blot analysis . ^^^ Flt 1 , Flk 1 , and angiotensin converting enzyme containing cells were detected in VEGF treated explants , whereas control explants were negative . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Apart from the expected expression of VEGF receptors on endothelial cells we observed a tumor cell specific localization of FLT 1 in 29 tumors and KDR in 16 of 37 tumors analyzed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF is expressed in glioma cells and its receptors ( Flt 1 and KDR ) are expressed in the same gliomas . ^^^ KDR is a receptor for the various VEGF isoforms and for VEGF C ; Flt 1 is a receptor for the various isoforms . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
FLK 1 / vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) is one of the receptors for VEGF . ^^^ VEGF induces only very slight tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR 2 in confluent ( 95 100 % confluent ) pig aortic endothelial ( PAE ) cells . ^^^ In contrast , robust VEGF dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR 2 was observed in cells plated in sparse culture conditions ( 60 65 % confluent ) . ^^^ Stimulating cells with high concentrations of VEGF or replacing the extracellular domain of VEGFR 2 with that of the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor did not alleviate the sensitivity of VEGFR 2 to cell density , indicating that the confluent cells were probably not secreting an antagonist to VEGF . ^^^ In addition to lowering the density of cells , removing divalent cations from the medium of confluent cells potentiated VEGFR 2 phosphorylation in response to VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Consequently , we sought to evaluate by antisense knockdown of gene expression the contribution of VEGF receptors ( Flt 1 and Flk 1 ) on these events . ^^^ A treatment with two modified antisense oligomers ( 1 5 10 10 ( 7 ) M ) directed against Flk 1 mRNA blocked by 100 , 91 , and 85 % the proliferation , migration , and PAF synthesis mediated by VEGF , respectively . ^^^ These data illustrate the crucial role of Flk 1 in EC stimulation by VEGF . ^^^ The capacity to inhibit the protein synthesis of Flt 1 and Flk 1 by antisense oligonucleotides provides a new approach to block VEGF pathological effects in vivo . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
FACS analysis showed that Lin ( ) TIE 2 ( + ) Flk 1 ( + ) cells cocultured with OP 9 stromal cells gave rise to endothelial and hematopoietic cells in the presence of VEGF and Ang 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We examined VEGF mRNA expression , VEGF isoform pattern and VEGF receptor ( flt 1 and KDR ) by RT PCR analysis in 30 osteosarcomas . ^^^ All 30 osteosarcomas expressed VEGF mRNA . 17 osteosarcomas ( 57 % ) expressed flt 1 mRNA , whilst 20 ( 67 % ) expressed KDR mRNA . 6 / 30 ( 20 % ) osteosarcomas were positive for VEGF 121 only , 8 ( 27 % ) for VEGF 121 + VEGF 165 , and 16 ( 53 % ) for VEGF 121 + VEGF 165 + VEGF 189 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Assessment of VEGF , 125I VEGF binding , and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) in the kidney was performed after 3 and 32 weeks of streptozotocin induced diabetes . ^^^ Increased renal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor VEGFR 2 in experimental diabetes . ^^^ Gene expression of both VEGF and VEGFR 2 was assessed by Northern blot analysis and the localization of the ligand and receptor was examined by in situ hybridization . ^^^ VEGF and VEGFR 2 protein were also evaluated by immunohistochemistry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor [ fetal liver kinase 1 ( Flk 1 ) / kinase insert domain containing receptor ] play an important role in vascular permeability and tumor angiogenesis . ^^^ Previously , we reported on the development of anti Flk 1 and antikinase insert domain containing receptor monoclonal antibodies ( mAbs ) that potently inhibit VEGF binding and receptor signaling . ^^^ These findings support the conclusion that anti Flk 1 mAb treatment inhibits tumor growth by suppression of tumor induced neovascularization and demonstrate the potential for therapeutic application of anti VEGF receptor antibody in the treatment of angiogenesis dependent tumors . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression patterns of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its two receptors , flt 1 and KDR , were assessed in normal human melanocytes , transformed melanocytes expressing the simian virus 40 Tgene ( SV40T ) , and melanoma cells derived from primary and metastatic lesions . ^^^ Constitutive expression of VEGF , flt 1 , and KDR mRNA and proteins was observed in the majority of primary and metastatic melanoma cell lines , and in SV40T transformed melanocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor D ( VEGF D ) binds and activates the endothelial cell tyrosine kinase receptors VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) and VEGF receptor 3 ( VEGFR 3 ) , is mitogenic for endothelial cells , and shares structural homology and receptor specificity with VEGF C . ^^^ The VHD of VEGF D is sufficient to bind and activate VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 . ^^^ Biosensor analysis demonstrated that the VHD has approximately 290 and approximately 40 fold greater affinity for VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 , respectively , compared with unprocessed VEGF D . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Endothelial cell tyrosine kinase receptors , KDR and Flt 1 , have been implicated in VEGF responses including cellular migration , proliferation , and modulation of vascular permeability . ^^^ Our data indicate that NX 1838 inhibits binding of VEGF to HUVECs ( human umbilical vein endothelial cells ) and dose dependently prevents VEGF mediated phosphorylation of KDR and PLCgamma , calcium flux , and ultimately VEGF induced cell proliferation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , VEGF treatment increased eNOS expression in a KDR but not in an Flt 1 receptor transfected porcine aorta endothelial cell line . ^^^ Taken together , these data demonstrate that VEGF increases eNOS expression via activation of the KDR receptor tyrosine kinase and a downstream protein kinase C signaling pathway . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The VEGF receptors fms like tyrosine kinase 1 ( Flt 1 ) / VEGFR 1 and kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) / VEGFR 2 are up regulated on the surface of endothelial cells ( ECs ) in gliomas . ^^^ These properties prompted us to investigate Ets 1 expression in 32 human astroglial tumors of WHO grades 1 4 and to correlate the data with the expression pattern of VEGF , Flt 1 , and KDR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study we have made mutations of mouse VEGF in order to define the regions that are required for VEGFR 2 mediated functions . ^^^ One mutant ( VEGF 0 ) , which had amino acids 83 89 of VEGF substituted with the analogous region of the related placenta growth factor , demonstrated significantly reduced VEGFR 2 binding compared with wild type VEGF , indicating that this region was required for VEGF VEGFR 2 interaction . ^^^ In addition we have shown that the VEGF homology domain of the structurally related growth factor VEGF D is capable of binding to and activating VEGFR 2 but has no vascular permeability activity , indicating that VEGFR 2 binding does not correlate with permeability activity for all VEGF family members . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Similarly , endothelial cell migration was inhibited also by antibodies directed against the VEGF receptor 2 / Flk1 ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^ Regardless of cell exposure to exogenous VEGF , VEGFR 2 phosphorylation was recognized in cultured hypertrophic chondrocytes , supporting the idea of an autocrine functional activation of signal transduction in this non endothelial cell type as a consequence of the endogenous VEGF production . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated proliferative activity , apoptotic regulation , and expression of VEGF and VEGF receptor flk 1 by means of immunohistochemical techniques . ^^^ The positive immunoreaction of the tumor cells with antibodies against VEGF and VEGF receptor flk 1 may indicate the regulation of tumor growth by angiogenetic factors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated the presence of VEGF receptor mRNA ( flt 1 and KDR ) in HMCs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Compared to normal tissues , in thyroid neoplasias we observed a consistent increase in vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , VEGF C , and angiopoietin 2 and in their tyrosine kinase receptors KDR , Flt 4 , and Tek . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using immunohistochemistry , the results demonstrated that the tissue recombinants typically exhibited an overexpression of EGF , EGF R , bFGF , TGF beta ( 1 ) together with a concurrent downregulation of TGF alpha , IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and VEGF receptors ( flk 1 , flt 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Some of the compounds were found to inhibit the tyrosine kinase activity associated with isolated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGF R 2 ) [ fetal liver tyrosine kinase 1 ( Flk 1 ) / kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) ] , fibroblast growth factor receptor ( FGF R ) , and platelet derived growth factor receptor ( PDGF R ) tyrosine kinase with IC ( 50 ) values at nanomolar level . ^^^ Thus , compound 1 showed inhibition against VEGF R 2 ( Flk 1 / KDR ) and FGF R 1 tyrosine kinase activity with IC ( 50 ) values of 20 and 30 nM , respectively , while compound 16f inhibited the PDGF R tyrosine kinase activity with IC ( 50 ) value of 10 nM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Co expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors ( flk 1 and flt 1 ) in hormone induced mammary cancer in the Noble rat . ^^^ The action of VEGF is mediated by two high affinity receptors with ligand stimulated tyrosine kinase activity : VEGFR 1 / flt 1 and VEGFR 2 / flk 1 , which are expressed mainly in vascular endothelial cells . ^^^ Taking advantage of the animal model , we have demonstrated that mammary cancer cells expressed not only high levels of VEGF but also , surprisingly , its receptors ( fit 1 and flk 1 ) in mammary cancer cells . ^^^ Intense reactivities to VEGF , flt 1 and flk 1 were observed in mammary cancer cells , especially in invasive mammary carcinoma . ^^^ To further verify this hypothesis , we investigated the correlation between cellular proliferation and the expression of VEGF , flt 1 and flk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to define signaling pathways downstream of VEGF receptors ( VEGFR ) , the kinase domain of VEGFR 2 ( Flk 1 ) was used as a bait to screen a human fetal heart library in the yeast two hybrid system . ^^^ When used to infect cultured endothelial cells , this adenovirus directed high level expression of HCPTPA that resulted in impairment of VEGF mediated VEGFR 2 autophosphorylation and mitogen activated protein kinase activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is one of the key factors in tumor neoangiogenesis , acting through its receptors KDR ( VEGFR 2 ) and fit 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) expressed on endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor Flk 1 has been shown to prevent invasion of experimental squamous cell carcinomas ( SCC ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A series of substituted 4 anilinoquinazolines and related compounds were synthesized as potential inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor ( Flt and KDR ) tyrosine kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We conducted the present study to determine , by immunocytochemistry and computerized image analysis of the functionalis , the expression and modulation of the receptors Flk 1 / KDR and Flt 1 , which mediate VEGF effects on endothelial mitogenicity , chemotaxis , and capillary permeability . ^^^ Finally , strong expression of Flt 1 , but not Flk 1 / KDR , was observed on dilated capillaries during the premenstrual period and the late proliferative phase , suggesting preferential association of Flt 1 with nonproliferating capillaries at those times ; activation of this receptor by VEGF could be involved in premenstrual vascular hyperpermeability , edema , and extravasation of leukocytes . ^^^ We conclude that Flt 1 and Flk 1 / KDR in the functionalis are modulated in parallel or independently according to the phase of the cycle , and that these changes are responsible for VEGF actions on endometrial vascular growth and permeability . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF stimulates vascular endothelial cell proliferation by binding to a specific receptor named kinase insert domain containing receptor / fetal liver kinase ( KDR / FIk 1 , KDR ) . ^^^ Since the expression of KDR as well as VEGF was already upregulated in the retinas with background DR , VEGF appeared to start to induce the proliferative changes long before the actual onset of proliferative DR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Also , virtually all CD 34 ( + ) VEGFR 2 ( + ) cells express the chemokine receptor CXCR 4 and migrate in response to stromal derived factor ( SDF ) 1 or VEGF . ^^^ Subsequent isolation and plating of nonadherent FL derived VEGFR 2 ( + ) cells with VEGF and FGF 2 resulted in differentiation of AC 133 ( + ) VEGFR 2 ( + ) cells into adherent AC 133 ( ) VEGFR 2 ( + ) Ac LDL ( + ) ( acetylated low density lipoprotein ) colonies ( plating efficiency of 3 % ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By signaling through KDR , VEGF promoted the tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase , induced activation of Akt , protein kinase Cepsilon ( PKCepsilon ) , mitogen activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) , and promoted thymidine incorporation into DNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It inhibits ( 125 ) 1 VEGF ( 165 ) binding to endothelial and tumor cells and VEGF ( 165 ) induced tyrosine phosphorylation of KDR in endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A protein that binds the intracellular domain of KDR ( KDR IC ) , a receptor for vascular endothelial cell growth factor ( VEGF ) , was identified by two hybrid screening . ^^^ Two hybrid mapping showed that the VEGF receptor associated protein ( VRAP ) interacted with tyrosine 951 in the kinase insert domain of KDR . ^^^ In HUVEC , VEGF promotes association of VRAP with KDR . ^^^ Phospholipase C gamma and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase , effector proteins that are downstream of KDR and important to VEGF induced endothelial cell survival and proliferative responses , associate constitutively with VRAP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , we used immunohistochemistry to analyse the expression of VEGF , the VEGF receptors ( VEGFR ) 1 , 2 , and 3 , and the Tie 1 and Tie 2 receptors in placental and decidual tissue of women with a history of recurrent miscarriage and missed abortion ( MA ; n = 12 ) or blighted ovum ( BO ; n = 6 ) , and from normal early terminated pregnancies ( n = 12 ) . ^^^ Compared with controls , the MA and BO groups showed : ( 1 ) diminished placental trophoblastic VEGF immunoreactivity ; ( 2 ) weaker VEGFR 1 and 2 immunoreactivity in decidual vascular endothelium ; ( 3 ) reduced placental trophoblastic Tie 1 receptor immunoreactivity ; and ( 4 ) reduced decidual vascular endothelial Tie 1 and 2 receptor immunoreactivity . ^^^ Interestingly , placental villi from the BO group presented blood vessel like structures negative for von Willebrand factor , but positive for VEGF , VEGFR 1 , 2 , 3 , Tie 1 and Tie 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Finally , the two transcription factors , hypoxia inducible factor 1 ( HIF 1 ) and HIF 2 , known to be involved in the regulation of VEGF and VEGFR gene expression , were increased in the ischemic border after 72 hours , suggesting a regulatory function for these factors . ^^^ These results strongly suggest that the VEGF / VEGFR system , induced by hypoxia , leads to the growth of new vessels after cerebral ischemia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF acts via two tyrosine kinase family receptors : VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( KDR / Flk 1 ) . ^^^ Recent evidence suggests that neuropilin 1 ( NRP 1 ) , a receptor involved in neuronal cell guidance , is expressed in endothelial cells , binds to VEGF ( 165 ) and enhances the binding of VEGF ( 165 ) to VEGFR 2 . ^^^ We examined the spatiotemporal expression of vegf isoforms , nrp 1 and vegfr 2 as well as their interactions in the periimplantation mouse uterus . ^^^ This is consistent with coordinate expression of vegfr 2 , and nrp 1 , a VEGF ( 164 ) specific receptor , in uterine endothelial cells . ^^^ Crosslinking experiments showed that ( 125 ) 1 VEGF ( 165 ) binds to both NRP 1 and VEGFR 2 present in decidual endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ZD 4190 , a substituted 4 anilinoquinazoline , is a potent inhibitor of KDR and Flt 1 RTK activity , and VEGF stimulated HUVEC proliferation in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study we have defined the temporal and spatial expression of flk 1 mRNA , which encodes an endothelial cell specific vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor , in fetal and neonatal rat lung . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vegf , Vegf B , Vegf C and their receptors KDR , FLT 1 and FLT 4 during the neoplastic progression of human colonic mucosa . ^^^ Because the crucial role of angiogenesis has been demonstrated in tumor growth and metastasis , the present study was undertaken to characterize the relative expression of vascular endothelial growth factors VEGF ( vascular endothelial growth factor ) , VEGF B , VEGF C , and their receptors KDR ( kinase insert domain containing receptor ) , FLT 1 ( fms like tyrosine kinase ) , and FLT 4 in human colonic cancers , in relation to the Astler Coller pathological classification , and to prognosis . ^^^ In contrast to KDR and FLT 4 , the expression of VEGF C and FLT 1 genes increased in some pathological tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) driven actin based motility is mediated by VEGFR 2 and requires concerted activation of stress activated protein kinase 2 ( SAPK2 / p38 ) and geldanamycin sensitive phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase . ^^^ Using porcine endothelial cells expressing one or the other type of the VEGF receptors , VEGFR 1 or VEGFR 2 , or human umbilical vein endothelial cells pretreated with a VEGFR 2 neutralizing antibody , we show that VEGFR 2 is responsible for VEGF induced activation of the stress activated protein kinase 2 / p38 ( SAPK2 / p38 ) , phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase ( FAK ) , and enhanced migratory activity . ^^^ We conclude that VEGFR 2 mediates the physiological effect of VEGF on cell migration and that two independent pathways downstream of VEGFR 2 regulate actin based motility . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) binding to the kinase domain receptor ( KDR / FLK1 or VEGFR 2 ) mediates vascularization and tumor induced angiogenesis . ^^^ Since there is evidence that KDR plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis , we sought to identify peptides able to block the VEGF KDR interaction . ^^^ A phage epitope library was screened by affinity for membrane expressed KDR or for an anti VEGF neutralizing monoclonal antibody . ^^^ Of the synthetic peptides corresponding to selected clones tested to determine their inhibitory activity , ATWLPPR completely abolished VEGF binding to cell displayed KDR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although VEGF receptor 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) and VEGFR 2 are known to be high affinity receptors for VEGF , it is not clear which of the VEGFRs are responsible for the transmission of the diverse biological responses of VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Homeostatic modulation of cell surface KDR and Flt 1 expression and expression of the vascular endothelial cell growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor mRNAs by VEGF . ^^^ Regulation of the receptor tyrosine kinases , KDR and Flt 1 , to which VEGF binds on endothelial cells is incompletely understood . ^^^ Chronic incubation with tumor conditioned medium or VEGF diminished ( 125 ) 1 VEGF binding to human umbilical vein endothelial cells , incorporation of ( 125 ) 1 VEGF into covalent complexes with KDR and Flt 1 , and immunoreactive KDR in cell lysates . ^^^ Preincubation with VEGF or tumor conditioned medium down regulated cell surface receptor expression but up regulated KDR and Flt 1 mRNAs , an effect abrogated by a neutralizing VEGF antibody . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Despite much progress in recent years , the precise signalling events triggered by the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptors , fms like tyrosine kinase ( Flt 1 ) and kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) , are incompletely defined . ^^^ It has also been difficult to demonstrate VEGF induced phosphorylation of Flt 1 , which has led to speculation that KDR may be the more important receptor for the mitogenic action of VEGF on endothelial cells . ^^^ We have also shown that the SH 2 domain of Sck , but not that of Src homology collagen protein ( Shc ) , can precipitate phosphorylated KDR from VEGF stimulated porcine aortic endothelial cells expressing KDR , and that an N terminally truncated Sck protein can associate with KDR , in a phosphorylation dependent fashion , when co expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF internalization and subsequent nuclear accumulation only occurred for a short period of time after the wounding and was specifically abolished by antibodies that bind to the KDR binding site of VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overexpression of VEGF 121 in immortalized endothelial cells causes conversion to slowly growing angiosarcoma and high level expression of the VEGF receptors VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 in vivo . ^^^ This cell line expresses the VEGFR 2 ( Flk 1 / Kdr ) receptor for VEGF . ^^^ The angiosarcomas generated from MS 1 VEGF cells demonstrated up regulation of the VEGF receptors VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) in vivo compared with benign hemangiomas generated from MS 1 cells . ^^^ Treatment of these cells with the VEGFR 2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor SU 1498 led to decreased expression of ets 1 , a transcription factor which has been shown to be stimulated by VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial cell growth factor ( VEGF ) binds to and promotes the activation of one of its receptors , KDR . ^^^ The ability of TNF to diminish VEGF stimulated KDR activity was impaired by sodium orthovanadate , suggesting that the inhibitory activity of TNF was mediated by a protein tyrosine phosphatase . ^^^ Stimulation of HUVECs with TNF induced association of the SHP 1 protein tyrosine phosphatase with KDR , identifying this phosphatase as a candidate negative regulator of VEGF signal transduction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It mediates its activity mainly via two tyrosine kinase receptors , VEGFR 1 ( flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( flk 1 / KDR ) , although other receptors , such as neuropilin 1 and 2 , can also bind VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemically , the VEGF positive cancer tended to have an increased expression of VEGF receptor , kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Tissue content of VEGF or expression of KDR in colorectal carcinoma may be associated with disease status , including nutritional status , systemic oxygenation , and tumor progression . ^^^ The systemic local regulating mechanism of VEGF or KDR may play an important role in the constant growth of tumor cells , especially in wasted colorectal cancer patients . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor D ( VEGF D ) , the most recently discovered mammalian member of the VEGF family , is an angiogenic protein that activates VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 / Flk1 / KDR ) and VEGFR 3 ( Flt 4 ) . ^^^ We demonstrate , using bioassays for the binding and cross linking of VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 and biosensor analysis with immobilized receptors , that one of the mAbs , designated VD 1 , is able to compete potently with mature VEGF D for binding to both VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 for binding to mature VEGF D . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PTK787 / ZK 222584 inhibits VEGF induced autophosphorylation of kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) , endothelial cell proliferation , migration , and survival in the nanomolar range in cell based assays . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemically , the vascular component reacted with renin , cytokeratin 7 , ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and Flk 1 ( VEGF R 2 ) , whereas the tubular component was positive for renin , epithelial membrane antigen ( EMA ) , cytokeratin 7 , alpha 1 antitrypsin , VEGF and Flk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF functions via binding to the VEGF receptors Flk 1 and Flt 1 . ^^^ We hypothesized that this might occur via reduced VEGF , TGF beta ( 1 ) , bFGF , Flk 1 , and Flt 1 gene expression at rest and after exercise . ^^^ VEGF , TGF beta ( 1 ) , bFGF , Flk 1 , and Flt 1 mRNA were analyzed from the left gastrocnemius by quantitative Northern blot . ^^^ Exercise increased VEGF mRNA 4 . 8 fold , TGF beta ( 1 ) mRNA 1 . 6 fold , and Flt 1 mRNA 1 . 7 fold but did not alter bFGF or Flk 1 mRNA measured 1 h after exercise . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The kinase domain receptor ( KDR ) of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is the main human receptor responsible for the angiogenic activity of VEGF . ^^^ We have previously described antibodies directed against the extracellular region of KDR , including MAB 383 and MAB 664 , which were shown to block the binding of VEGF to the receptor and to inhibit both VEGF induced mitogenesis of human endothelial cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo . ^^^ Here we generated a series of KDR deletion mutants consisting of truncated extracellular regions and mapped out the domain ( s ) responsible for binding to VEGF and the neutralizing anti KDR antibodies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , wild type and P 4 treated PRLR / mice had similar expression of the implantation specific genes , LIF , amphiregulin , HB EGF , COX 1 , COX 2 , PPARdelta , Hoxa 10 , cyclin D 3 , VEGF , and its receptors , Flk 1 and neuropilin 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Measuring VEGF Flk 1 activity and consequences of VEGF Flk 1 targeting in vivo using intravital microscopy : clinical applications . ^^^ Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) Flk 1 / KDR tyrosine kinase signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in tumor angiogenesis . ^^^ However , recent experimental and clinical studies have suggested that VEGF Flk 1 / KDR activity is unevenly distributed throughout the tumor microvasculature . ^^^ To further evaluate this phenomenon , the regional differences in VEGF Flk 1 / KDR signaling activities in vivo were studied using intravital fluorescence videomicroscopy in an experimental murine brain tumor model . ^^^ Regional VEGF Flk 1 / KDR was assessed using the small molecule inhibitor SU 5416 , which selectively inhibits the tyrosine kinase receptor Flk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mitogenic actions of VEGF are mediated by the tyrosine kinase receptor KDR / murine homologue fetal liver kinase Flk 1 . ^^^ The objectives for the current study were to measure VEGF mRNA and Flk 1 mRNA in developing mouse lung and to measure the effects of dexamethasone treatment in vivo on VEGF and Flk 1 in newborn mouse lung . ^^^ Our results show that VEGF and Flk 1 messages increase in parallel during normal lung development ( d 13 embryonic to adult ) and that the distal epithelium expresses VEGF mRNA at all ages examined . ^^^ Dexamethasone ( 0 . 1 5 . 0 mg 10 kg ( 1 ) 10 d ( 1 ) ) treatment of 6 d old mice resulted in significantly increased VEGF , HLF , and Flk 1 mRNA . ^^^ The relatively high levels of VEGF and Flk 1 mRNA in adult lung imply a role for pulmonary VEGF in endothelial cell maintenance or capillary permeability . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Roles of two VEGF receptors , Flt 1 and KDR , in the signal transduction of VEGF effects in human vascular endothelial cells . ^^^ VEGF expresses its effects by binding to two VEGF receptors , Flt 1 and KDR . ^^^ However , properties of Flt 1 and KDR in the signal transduction of VEGF mediated effects in endothelial cells ( ECs ) were not entirely clarified . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the expression of MUC 1 protein and its relationship to the microvessel density and the expression of thymidine phosphorylase , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , VEGF receptor KDR , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) , and bFGF receptor ( FGFR 2 ) in non small cell lung cancer . ^^^ Although MUC 1 expression was found equally in poorly and highly vascularized tumors , a significant coexpression with multiple angiogenic factors and their receptors was noted ( P = 0 . 0002 , 0 . 03 , 0 . 19 , 0 . 10 , and 0 . 01 for thymidine phosphorylase , VEGF , KDR , bFGF , and FGFR 2 , respectively ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The stimulation of endothelial cells with CNF 1 resulted in a marked increase in the tyrosine phosphorylation of the VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 , which was correlated with a stimulation of its kinase activity and with its association with downstream tyrosine phosphorylated proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Biologically active VEGF was expressed along a time course that paralleled the expression of two specific VEGF receptors , Flk 1 and Flt 1 , and the progression of joint disease . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunoliposomes ( IL ) containing anti angiogenic drugs directed selectively to the easily accessible kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , which is predominantly expressed on tumour vessels are a promising tool to inhibit tumour angiogenesis . ^^^ The binding of 3G2 IL to KDR receptors could not be blocked by VEGF , suggesting that the binding site for VEGF is not identical with the epitope recognised by 3G2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two VEGF tyrosine kinase receptors have been reported fms like tyrosine kinase 1 ( Flt 1 ) and kinase domain region ( KDR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : The aim of this study has been to evaluate the clinical significance of expression of VEGF and its receptors , Flt 1 , KDR , and Flt 4 , in endometrial carcinomas . ^^^ The overall positive rates in the 86 carcinoma specimens were 66 % for VEGF , 51 % for Flt 1 , 38 % for KDR , and 57 % for Flt 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) acts primarily as an endothelial cell mitogen via the `` endothelial cell specific ' ' receptors VEGFR 1 ( flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( flk 1 / KDR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF / Flk 1 interaction , a requirement for malignant ascites recurrence . ^^^ Monoclonal antibody , ( mAb ) DC 101 generated against the mouse VEGF receptor Flk 1 prevented the recurrence of malignant ascites in mice similar to TNF inhibition . ^^^ These data demonstrate that the observed inhibitory effect of TNF on reestablishment of malignant ascites can be achieved equally by inhibition of the interaction of VEGF with its receptor Flk 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The interaction was dependent on the heparin binding domain of VEGF 165 and increased the affinity of VEGF 165 for its signaling receptor VEGFR 2 or kinase insert domain containing receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Flt 1 ( VEGF receptor 1 ) and KDR / Flk 1 ( VEGF receptor 2 ) are the high affinity receptors for the angiogenesis factor , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) . ^^^ These results suggest that there would be an angiogenesis mechanism via VEGF / Flt 1 or VEGF / KDR in HCC , and the VEGF / KDR system would take a more important role . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , a potent mitogen , is expressed in podocytes in the glomerulus , and VEGF receptors ( flt 1 , KDR , and neuropilin 1 ) are present on endothelial cells and other cell types . ^^^ In conclusion , flt 1 , KDR , and neuropilin 1 are present on cultured HMC , and VEGF ( 165 ) induces HMC proliferation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis disclosed an overall increase of up to 30 fold in endothelial lineage markers KDR ( VEGF receptor 2 ) , VE cadherin , CD 34 , alpha ( 5 ) beta ( 3 ) , and E selectin after VEGF gene transfer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Properties of two VEGF receptors , Flt 1 and KDR , in signal transduction . ^^^ The properties of two VEGF receptors , Flt 1 and KDR , in the signal transduction of VEGF in human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVECs ) were investigated by using two newly developed blocking monoclonal antibodies ( mAbs ) against Flt 1 and KDR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Osteoblasts produced VEGF and some factor ( s ) that could induce KDR upregulation in endothelial cells and could enhance tube formation . ^^^ These results lead to the speculation that the regulation of KDR expression as well as VEGF production is deeply involved in angiogenesis under various conditions . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The MET and KDR genes encode the tyrosine kinase receptors for Hepatocyte Growth Factor ( HGF ) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ( VEGF ) respectively . ^^^ Moreover , we report that KS IMM cells coexpress VEGF and KDR and that KDR is constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated , possibly as a consequence of the establishment of an autocrine loop . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The HIV 1 Tat has been shown to activate the VEGF receptor KDR in endothelial and KS spindle cells , suggesting this HIV protein could contribute to KS pathogenesis . ^^^ A function blocking anti KDR antibody was able to abrogate both VEGF and Tat induced KS chemotactic response , indicating a direct involvement of this receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is a pleiotropic factor that exerts a multitude of biological effects through its interaction with two receptor tyrosine kinases , fms like tyrosine kinase ( Flt 1 ) or VEGF receptor 1 and kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) or VEGF receptor 2 . ^^^ Whereas it is commonly accepted that KDR is responsible for the proliferative activities of VEGF , considerable controversy and uncertainty exist about the role of the individual receptors in eliciting many of the other effects . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF receptors , the tyrosine kinases Flt 1 and KDR , are expressed on vascular endothelial cells and initiate angiogenesis upon activation by VEGF . 1 Anilino ( 4 pyridylmethyl ) phthalazines , such as CGP 79787D ( or PTK 787 / ZK 222584 ) , reversibly inhibit Flt 1 and KDR with IC ( 50 ) values < 0 . 1 microM . ^^^ CGP 79787D also blocks the VEGF induced receptor autophosphorylation in CHO cells ectopically expressing the KDR receptor ( ED ( 50 ) = 34 nM ) . ^^^ Modification of the 1 anilino moiety afforded derivatives with higher selectivity for the VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases Flt 1 and KDR compared to the related receptor tyrosine kinases PDGF R and c Kit . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , an endothelial cell specific angiogenic mitogen , and its receptors , fms like tyrosine kinase ( Flt 1 ) and kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) , in the lungs of five cases with PH , were examined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , we cloned cDNAs encoding VEGF and its receptor ( a KDR / flk 1 or Quek 1 homologue ) from cultured 10 day old chick embryonic ventricular myocytes ( CEVM ) . ^^^ The expression levels of VEGF and flk 1 mRNA species were continuously high in the 6 , 8 and 10 day old chick embryonic hearts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF receptor ( VEGFR 1 and 2 ) expression was determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence activated cell sorting , and affinity was measured using Scatchard analysis . ^^^ Pretreatment with TGF beta 2 ( 10 ng / ml ) was associated with increased expression of the VEGFR 1 in RPE cells and increased receptor affinity for VEGF detected by Scatchard analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Differences in myocardial and peripheral VEGF and KDR levels after acute ischemia . ^^^ BACKGROUND : Recent clinical use of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) in the treatment of both myocardial and peripheral ischemia has suggested the possibility of tissue specific coregulation of VEGF and its receptors ( eg , kinase domain region [ KDR ] ) . ^^^ The present study was performed to detect the relationship between VEGF and KDR protein levels after acute myocardial and peripheral ischemia . ^^^ RESULTS : In myocardium , VEGF levels increased on average eightfold from baseline ( p < 0 . 05 ) both 3 hours and 6 hours after occlusion , whereas myocardial KDR levels dropped by about 60 % at 3 hours and 80 % at 6 hours ( p < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ With limb ischemia , both VEGF and KDR levels were significantly elevated at 3 hours . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Identification of substituted 3 [ ( 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 tetrahydro 1H indol 2 yl ) methylene ] 1 , 3 dihydroindol 2 ones as growth factor receptor inhibitors for VEGF R 2 ( Flk 1 / KDR ) , FGF R 1 , and PDGF Rbeta tyrosine kinases . ^^^ These compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory properties toward VEGF R 2 ( Flk 1 / KDR ) , FGF R 1 , PDGF Rbeta , p 60 ( c ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( Src ) ( ) , and EGF R tyrosine kinases and their ability to inhibit growth factor dependent cell proliferation . ^^^ The inhibitory activities of 9d against VEGF R 2 ( Flk 1 ) , 9h against FGF R 1 , and 9b against PDGF Rbeta were 4 , 80 , and 4 nM , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial cell growth factor ( VEGF ) regulates angiogenesis and metastasis of bladder cancer ( transitional cell carcinoma , TCC ) through binding to VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^ Combined treatment with both paclitaxel and DC 101 inhibited tumor induced neovascularity compared with all other groups ( P < 0 . 005 ) , without altering the expression of VEGF or flk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study examined the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) isoforms and VEGF receptors , Flt 1 , KDR and neuropilin 1 , in RA and osteoarthritis ( OA ) synovia , and studied the relationship between their expression and the synovial angiogenesis . ^^^ The expression of neuropilin 1 , an isoform specific receptor for VEGF ( 165 ) which enhances the binding of VEGF ( 165 ) to KDR , was also up regulated in the same RA synovia that expressed KDR . ^^^ Furthermore , there was a close correlation between the expression of isoform VEGF ( 165 ) and that of its receptors KDR and neuropilin 1 . ^^^ Morphometric analysis demonstrated that the vascular density is significantly higher in the RA synovial tissues with expression of VEGF ( 165 ) , KDR , and neuropilin 1 than in those without their expression ( p < 0 . 01 ) . ^^^ These results suggest that the selective up regulation of the isoform VEGF ( 165 ) and its signalling via KDR and neuropilin 1 play an important role in the synovial angiogenesis which occurs in RA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Coexpression of neuropilin 1 , Flk 1 , and VEGF ( 164 ) in developing and mature mouse kidney glomeruli . ^^^ Similar patterns of hybridization were seen in sections treated with antisense cRNA probes against another VEGF receptor , Flk 1 , and with VEGF probes . ^^^ However , the VEGF hybridization signal was markedly less in adult glomeruli than those for neuropilin 1 and Flk 1 . ^^^ We conclude that the expression of neuropilin 1 , in conjunction with Flk 1 and VEGF ( 164 ) , jointly contributes to the development and maintenance of glomerular capillaries . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Using nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction , we examined the biopsy specimens of 14 patients with human hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) and cirrhosis , for the expression of hepatic VEGF , and the VEGF receptors KDR and fit 1 . ^^^ However , mRNA expression of the VEGF receptors , KDR and fit 1 , was detected in 14 ( 100 % ) and 11 ( 79 % ) of the tumour portions , respectively , and in four ( 29 % ) and five ( 36 % ) of the corresponding non tumour portions , respectively ( chi 2 test : KDR , P < 0 . 01 ; fit 1 , P= 0 . 08 ) . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : KDR mRNA is significantly overexpressed in HCC lesions and could be associated with the angiogenesis and tumour growth induced by VEGF . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) has two highly homologous tyrosine kinase receptors : Flt 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) and KDR ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^ KDR is strongly phosphorylated on tyrosines and can transmit mitogenic and motogenic signals following VEGF binding , while Flt 1 is markedly less effective in mediating such functions . ^^^ When the juxtamembrane region of Flt 1 is replaced by that of KDR , Flt 1 becomes competent to mediate endothelial cell migration and phosphatidylinositol 3 ' kinase activation in response to VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
After 1 week in culture the cells showed a clear expression of endothelial cell markers , including von Willebrand factor ( vWF ) , CD 144 ( VE cadherin ) , CD 105 ( endoglin ) , acetylated low density lipoprotein ( AC LDL ) receptor , CD 36 ( thrombospondin receptor ) , FLT 1 , which is vascular endothelial cell growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor 1 , and , to a weaker extent , KDR ( VEGF receptor 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These findings suggest that VEGF , via VEGFR 2 signaling , functions as a survival factor for tumor endothelial cells in liver metastases from colon carcinoma . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we investigate the direct effect of a novel small molecule inhibitor of the Flk 1 mediated signal transduction pathway of VEGF , SU 5416 , on tumor angiogenesis and microhemodynamics of an experimental glioblastoma by using intravital multifluorescence videomicroscopy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PURPOSE : To help further define the possible role of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) in the pathogenesis of corneal neovascularization , the expression of VEGF and of its receptors Flt 1 and Flk 1 was investigated in various inflammatory corneal diseases . ^^^ Expression of both VEGF receptors , Flt 1 and Flk 1 , was increased on endothelial cells of newly formed vessels in the stroma of inflamed corneas compared with limbal vessels of normal control corneas . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : These results demonstrate that VEGF , Flt 1 , and Flk 1 are strongly expressed in inflamed and vascularized human corneas and , thus , may play an important role in corneal neovascularization . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Like VEGF , it is a potent angiogenic factor ; however , PlGF homodimers interact with the VEGF receptor Flt 1 ( fms like tyrosine kinase ) , but not with the kinase domain containing region ( KDR ) . ^^^ Expression of mRNA for the receptors of VEGF and PlGF ( KDR and flt 1 ) was determined using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the properties of two VEGF receptors , Flt 1 and KDR , by using two newly developed blocking monoclonal antibodies ( mAbs ) , i . e . , anti human Flt 1 mAb and anti human KDR mAb . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We demonstrate that certain leukemias not only produce VEGF but also express functional VEGFR 2 in vivo and in vitro , resulting in the generation of an autocrine loop that may support leukemic cell survival and proliferation . ^^^ VEGF ( 165 ) induced phosphorylation of VEGFR 2 and increased proliferation of leukemic cells , demonstrating these receptors were functional . ^^^ The neutralizing mAb IMC 1C11 , specific to human VEGFR 2 , inhibited leukemic cell survival in vitro and blocked VEGF ( 165 ) mediated proliferation of leukemic cells and VEGF induced leukemic cell migration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) intracellular signaling in endothelial cells is initiated by the activation of distinct tyrosine kinase receptors , VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( Flk 1 / KDR ) . ^^^ However , upon VEGF stimulation , STAT 1 associates with the VEGFR 2 in a tyrosine kinase dependent manner , indicating that VEGF induced STAT 1 activation is mediated primarily by VEGFR 2 . ^^^ Thus , our study shows for the first time that VEGF activates the STAT pathway through VEGFR 2 . ^^^ Because the growth promoting activity of VEGF depends upon VEGFR 2 activation , these findings suggest a role for the STATs in the regulation of gene expression associated with the angiogenic effects of VEGF . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the mechanism of neuroprotection by VEGF , the expression of known target receptors for VEGF was measured by Western blotting , which showed that HN 33 cells expressed VEGFR 2 receptors and neuropilin 1 , but not VEGFR 1 receptors . ^^^ The neuropilin 1 ligand placenta growth factor 2 failed to reproduce the protective effect of VEGF , pointing to VEGFR 2 as the site of VEGF ' s neuroprotective action . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At the molecular level , brief exposure of endothelial cells to thrombin causes an upregulation of the receptors ( KDR and Flt 1 ) of VEGF , the key angiogenic mediator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF also enhanced tube formation in dog endothelial cells and increased the expression of two VEGF receptors , Flt 1 and KDR / Flk 1 . ^^^ VEGF also increases the expression of the receptors , KDR and Flt 1 , and activates the p44 / 42 MAP kinase pathway . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Twenty six astrocytic tumors were examined using an anti Zo 1 Mab , and Zo 1 expression was compared with the expression of vasicular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , vascular endothelial growth factor receptor ( VEGFR ) ( fit 1 ) , and antiproliferative cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of VEGF , KDR , p 53 , E 6 HPV16 and HPV 18 in vulvar and cervix cancer ] . ^^^ The aim of the study was a comparison of expression of angiogenesis genes : vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , KDR , suppressor gene p 53 , E 6 HPV16 and HPV 18 , in tissue samples of normal , dystrophic , lymph nodes and malignant cancers of vulva and uterine cervix . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Serum deprived HN 33 cells expressed VEGFR 2 receptors , which , in the presence of VEGF , interacted with the downstream signaling molecules phosphatidylinositol 3 ' kinase and phospho Akt , as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation and Western blotting . ^^^ These findings support a neurotrophic role for VEGF in the central nervous system , which may be mediated through VEGFR 2 receptors , the protein kinases phosphatidylinositol 3 ' kinase and Akt , and the transcription factor NK kappaB . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors , VEGF receptor 1 ( VEGF R 1 ; FLT 1 ) and VEGF R 2 ( KDR ) , have been shown to play a major role in tumor angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF and its receptors flk 1 and flt 1 are the main actors of the morphogenic phase whereas PDGF BB and its receptor PDGF R beta , TGF beta 1 and its receptors ALK 5 and ALK 1 , angiopoietin 1 and its receptor tie 2 are implied in the vascular maturation phase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The objective of the present study was to demonstrate the expression of VEGF , VEGF receptor ( R ) 1 , and VEGFR 2 in detail by different methodological approaches in bovine corpora lutea ( CL ) obtained from different stages of the estrous cycle and during pregnancy . ^^^ The highest mRNA expression for VEGF and VEGFR 2 mRNA was detected during the early luteal phase , followed by a significant decrease of expression during the mid and late luteal phase and a further decrease of VEGF mRNA after regression . ^^^ High VEGF protein and transcript concentrations and increased VEGFR 2 expression during the early luteal phase coincided with luteal vascularization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we report that VEGF receptor type 2 ( KDR ) , normally expressed only in the vascular endothelium , was dramatically up regulated in the stromal cells of the superficial endometrial zones during the premenstrual phase in both human and macaque endometrium . ^^^ Because of reports that VEGF can enhance MMP expression , we hypothesize that VEGF KDR interactions may influence MMP expression in the superficial zones of the primate endometrium during the premenstrual phase , and that these interactions play a role in the induction of menstruation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF receptor 2 [ VEGFR 2 ( KDR / Flk 1 ) ] mediates endothelial cell mitogenesis and permeability increases , whereas the role of VEGF receptor 1 [ VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) ] has not been clearly defined . ^^^ In the present study , a monoclonal antibody , 2C3 , is shown to block the interaction of VEGF with VEGFR 2 but not with VEGFR 1 through ELISA , receptor binding assays , and receptor activation assays . 2C3 blocks the VEGF induced vascular permeability increase in guinea pig skin . 2C3 has potent antitumor activity , inhibiting the growth of newly injected and established human tumor xenografts in mice . ^^^ These findings demonstrate the usefulness of 2C3 in dissecting the pathways that are activated by VEGF in cells that express both VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , as well as highlighting the dominant role of VEGFR 2 in mediating VEGF induced vascular permeability increase and tumor angiogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF activated the tyrosine receptor phosphorylation of KDR and Flt 1 and increased the binding of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase ( PI 3 kinase ) p 85 subunit to KDR and Flt 1 , both of which could mediate CTGF gene induction . ^^^ These data suggest that VEGF can increase CTGF gene expression in bovine retinal capillary cells via KDR or Flt receptors and the activation of PI 3 kinase Akt pathway independently of PKC or Ras ERK pathway , possibly inducing the fibrosis observed in retinal neovascular diseases . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization methods we have here demonstrated that VEGF and its receptors Flk 1 , Flt 1 and Neuropilin 1 mRNAs and proteins are induced after incisions in the rat spinal cord . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
More importantly , increased expressions of VEGF and its receptor 2 ( KDR ) under hypoxic / serum deprived condition suggest that VEGF may act as a survival factor in a self promoting manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although BREC expressed Flt 1 and Flk 1 as VEGF receptors at similar levels , VEGF stimulation preferentially enhanced the activity of Flt 1 tyrosine kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : VEGF , KDR / flk 1 , and flt 1 expression were examined by immunohistochemistry , in situ hybridization , reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction , enzyme linked immunosorbent assay , and receptor phosphorylation . ^^^ VEGF stimulated mitogenesis was investigated by mitogen activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) phosphorylation , transactivation of a c fos promoter reporter construct , DNA synthesis assays , and stable transfection of a dominant negative flk 1 complementary DNA ( cDNA ) construct . ^^^ VEGF expression was observed in all human pancreatic tumor cell lines examined , and the KDR / flk 1 and flt 1 receptor was detected in 2 cell lines . ^^^ VEGF treatment results in phosphorylation of MAPKs , transactivation of a c fos promoter construct , and growth stimulation in KDR / flk 1 expressing cell lines , which could be blocked by VEGF antagonists . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Endothelial cells express two related vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor tyrosine kinases , KDR ( kinase insert domain containing receptor , or VEGFR 2 ) and Flt 1 ( fms like tyrosine kinase , or VEGFR 1 ) . ^^^ Although considerable experimental evidence links KDR activation to endothelial cell mitogenesis , there is still significant uncertainty concerning the role of individual VEGF receptors for other biological effects such as vascular permeability . ^^^ VEGF mutants that bind to either KDR or Flt 1 with high selectivity were used to determine which of the two receptors serves to mediate different VEGF functions . ^^^ KDR selective VEGF was also able to induce angiogenesis in the rat cornea to an extent indistinguishable from wild type VEGF . ^^^ We also demonstrate that KDR , but not Flt 1 , stimulation is responsible for the induction of vascular permeability by VEGF . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ) have been shown to synergistically increase tissue factor ( TF ) expression in endothelial cells ; however , the role of the VEGF receptors ( KDR , Flt 1 , and neuropilin ) in this process is unclear . ^^^ Here we report that VEGF binding to the KDR receptor is necessary and sufficient for the potentiation of TNF induced TF expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells . ^^^ In the absence of TNF alpha , wild type VEGF or KDR receptor selective variants induced an approximate 7 fold increase in total TF expression . ^^^ Treatment with TNF alone produced an approximate 110 fold increase in total TF expression , whereas coincubation of TNF alpha with wild type VEGF or KDR selective variants resulted in an approximate 250 fold increase in TF expression . ^^^ These data demonstrate that KDR receptor signaling governs both VEGF induced TF expression and the potentiation of TNF induced up regulation of TF . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , through activation of its endothelial receptors VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , is an important positive modulator of tumor angiogenesis and edema in solid tumors such as malignant astrocytomas . ^^^ Npn 1 has been postulated to function as a co factor in activation of the biologically relevant VEGFR 2 , by the most abundant VEGF 165 isoform . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the possible role of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors in the human corpus luteum ( CL ) , expression of VEGF and its receptors , the fms like tyrosine kinase and the kinase insert domain containing region ( KDR ) , was analyzed in the CL during the menstrual cycle and in early pregnancy . ^^^ Immunohistochemistry revealed that VEGF was localized in luteal cells and both flt 1 and KDR were also localized in luteal cells , in addition to vascular endothelial cells . ^^^ Messenger RNA ( mRNA ) expression of VEGF , flt 1 , and KDR remained constant in the CL during the luteal phase and was lower in the regression phase . ^^^ In the pregnant CL , VEGF mRNA expression was higher compared with that in the midluteal phase , and mRNA expression of both flt 1 and KDR was the same as that in the midluteal phase . ^^^ Western blot analyses revealed that the change in protein expression of VEGF , flt 1 , and KDR was similar to that in their mRNA expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) specific Flk 1 and Flt 1 tyrosine phosphorylation was observed at Day 4 . 5 by receptor immunoprecipitation and requisite immunoblotting . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The angiogenesis / vasculogenesis pathway is required for embryonic survival and includes several receptors ( VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , Tie 2 ) and ligands ( VEGF , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , neuropillin ) . ^^^ Abnormal development of the labyrinth correlated with decreased binding of VEGF and decreased expression of VEGFR 2 . ^^^ In addition , VEGFR 2 seemed to be the primary VEGF binding receptor in the labyrinth and blood lacunae of the placenta , as binding could be eliminated by masking the VEGFR 2 receptor with inactive antibody complex . ^^^ VEGFR 1 may be primarily responsible for binding of VEGF to yolk sac and embryonic tissues , as masking VEGFR 2 did not reduce VEGF binding in those areas , and it is interesting that major structural defects were also not found in those regions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SU 5416 [ 3 ( 3 , 5 dimethyl 1H pyrrol 2 ylmethylene ) 1 , 3 dihydro indol 2 one ] , an inhibitor of VEGF ( vascular endothelial growth factor ) receptor tyrosine kinase , Flk 1 / KDR ( fetal liver kinase 1 / kinase insert domain containing receptor ) , also known as VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) is in advanced clinical trials for treatment of AIDS related Kaposi ' s sarcoma and colorectal and nonsmall cell lung cancers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SU 5416 treatment led to a decrease in lung expression of VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) , phosphorylated VEGFR 2 , and Akt 1 in the complex with VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , VEGF C , a new VEGF family member , has been identified that binds to the tyrosine kinase receptors flt 4 [ VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 3 ] and KDR ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^ We have therefore measured the level of VEGF C , flt 4 , and KDR mRNA by RNase protection assay and the pattern of VEGF C expression by immunohistochemistry in 11 normal breast tissue samples and 61 invasive breast cancers . ^^^ There was a significant correlation between VEGF C and both flt 4 ( P = 0 . 02 ) and KDR ( P = 0 . 0002 ) , but no association was seen between VEGF C and either lymph node status ( P = 0 . 66 ) or number of involved nodes ( P = 0 . 88 ) , patient age ( P = 0 . 83 ) , tumor size ( P = 0 . 20 ) , estrogen receptor status ( P = 0 . 67 ) , or tumor grade ( P = 0 . 35 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report here the expression and modulation of VEGF and its receptors , Flk 1 / KDR and Flt 1 , in the functionalis throughout the menstrual cycle . ^^^ The localization of VEGF on the endothelium correlates with the presence of Flt 1 and Flk 1 / KDR receptors on vascular structures , including capillary strands that have not yet formed a lumen and that have been previously described in tumors as angiogenic capillaries . ^^^ The strongest immunoreactivity for both VEGF and Flk 1 / KDR receptor on endothelial cells is detected in the proliferative and midsecretory phases . ^^^ Enhanced expression of VEGF and its Flk 1 receptors on narrow capillary strands during the proliferative phase may account for the rapid capillary growth associated with endometrial regeneration from the residual basal layer following menstrual shedding of the functionalis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of mRNA for VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 1 and VEGFR 2 was very weak in GC , without any regulatory change during final follicle growth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : VEGF , kinase domain region ( KDR ) / fetal liver kinase 1 ( flk 1 ) , and flt 1 expression were examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation in 15 human HCC tissues . ^^^ Both VEGF receptors were detected in vascular endothelia of HCC while only KDR / flk 1 receptors were detected in endothelial cells of cirrhotic livers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HGF and VEGF activated the Met / HGF receptor and the KDR / VEGF receptor , respectively , whereas NK 4 inhibited HGF induced Met tyrosine phosphorylation but not VEGF induced KDR phosphorylation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we used in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry to study the VEGF receptor flk 1 in cultured superior cervical ganglia ( SCG ) and dorsal root ganglia ( DRG ) from adult mice , and also the effects of VEGF on regeneration in vitro . ^^^ In SCG , but not in DRG , double immunostaining for flk 1 and VEGF revealed coexpression in many neurons , implying that VEGF may exert both autocrine and paracrine actions . ^^^ We also found that the VEGF induced axonal outgrowth was blocked by the flk 1 inhibitor SU 5416 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the vasculature of the adult organism , the high affinity signaling VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) is downregulated but is reinduced during transient phases of physiological angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 binding VEGF homologues , VEGF C and VEGF D , are mitogens for both vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells . ^^^ The orf virus encoded VEGF E homologue binds and activates only the VEGFR 2 and thus may be the prototype of a vascular endothelial cell specific growth factor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our study presents the first evidence for the Ang Tie system ' s involvement in early stages of myocardial angiogenesis along with the VEGF Flk 1 Flt 1 system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , fibroblast growth factor 2 ( FGF 2 ) and its receptors FGFR 1 and FGFR 2 , as well as epidermal growth factor ( EGF ) and its receptor EGFR are believed to be important in the control of angiogenesis in the human endometrium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular development in the implants was evaluated by mRNA expression of Flt 1 and KDR , two receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we show that VEGF receptor 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) negatively regulates VEGFR 2 mediated proliferation via nitric oxide ( NO ) in an epithelial cancer cell line ECV 304 . ^^^ VEGF ( 1 ng / ml ) stimulated DNA synthesis and increased ECV 304 cell number in a manner that was inhibited by a neutralizing anti VEGFR 2 antibody . ^^^ Cell cycle analysis showed that inhibition of VEGFR 1 increased the transition from G ( 1 ) to S phase whereas inhibition of VEGFR 2 blocked the VEGF mediated transition from G ( 1 ) to S phase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since VEGFR 2 is the earliest known VEGF receptor this suggests that VEGF is not involved in angioblast induction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Two replication defective retroviral vectors were made , one encoding both the soluble , truncated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor ( VEGF R 2 ) , flk 1 , together with green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) , and the other encoding GFP alone . ^^^ RESULTS : Purified flk 1 ( 0 . 1 micromol / L ) was able to inhibit basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) stimulated HUVEC proliferation by 44 % and VEGF stimulated migration by 30 % . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Engineered expression of flk 1 , a competitive inhibitor of VEGF , by tumor cells results in the production of an inhibitor of endothelial cell proliferation and migration that greatly restricts the growth of the tumor cells in vivo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , neuropilins ( Npn ) , semaphorin receptors associated with neuronal guidance , were demonstrated to bind VEGF isoforms with high affinity , facilitating VEGF ( 165 ) binding to the tyrosine kinase receptor VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While VEGF binds to two receptor protein tyrosine kinases , VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( KDR ) , most biological functions of VEGF are mediated via VEGFR 2 , and the role of VEGFR 1 is currently unknown . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GF109203X , calphostin C and the PKCdelta selective inhibitor , rottlerin , did not inhibit activation of the KDR receptor for VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibition of the VEGF receptor activity can be accomplished using catalytic RNA molecules known as ribozymes , which downregulate VEGF receptor function by specifically cleaving the mRNAs for the primary VEGF receptors , Flt 1 and KDR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PTK787 / ZK 222584 inhibits VEGF induced autophosphorylation of KDR , and endothelial cell proliferation , migration and survival in the nanomolar range in cell based assays . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The system was applied to generate recombinant immunotoxins and coaguligands directed against endoglin , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) : VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) complex and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 ( VCAM 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of the signalling VEGF receptors R 1 ( flt 1 ) and R 2 ( flk 1 ) was restricted to the endothelial cells of the cortex whereas neuropilin 1 was expressed by both endothelial and steroidogenic cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine whether vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors , KDR and flt 1 , may play a role in the progression of both types of sarcomas , we used mRNA in situ hybridisation ( ISH ) to study VEGF , KDR and flt 1 expression in selected cases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its two receptors , Fms like tyrosine kinase 1 ( Flt 1 ) ( VEGFR 1 ) and KDR / Flk 1 ( VEGFR 2 ) , have been demonstrated to be an essential regulatory system for blood vessel formation in mammals . ^^^ Flt 1 has a unique biochemical activity , 10 fold higher affinity to VEGF , whereas much weaker tyrosine kinase activity compared with KDR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Measurement of VEGF B together with other angiogenic factors may identify a poor prognostic patient group , which may benefit from anti VEGF receptor therapy targeted to flt 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) as well as kdr ( VEGFR 2 ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The molecular regulation of these distinct mechanisms is discussed in respect to the most important positive regulators , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors flk 1 ( KDR ) and flt 1 , the Angiopoietin / tie system and the ephrin B / EpH B system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The function of VEGF in laryngeal carcinoma was studied by observing either the expressions of VEGF and its receptor flk 1 in laryngeal carcinoma , or the effect of anti VEGF antibody and anti VEGF receptor antibody on the growth of human laryngeal cancer cell line HEP 2 in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because systemic hypertension increases vascular stretch , we evaluated the expression of VEGF , VEGF R 2 ( kinase insert domain containing receptor [ KDR ] ) , and VEGF R 1 ( fms like tyrosine kinase [ Flt ] ) in bovine retinal endothelial cells ( BRECs ) undergoing clinically relevant cyclic stretch and in spontaneously hypertensive rat ( SHR ) retina . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , MM cells expressed the tyrosine kinase related VEGF receptors Flt 1 and KDR . ^^^ Recombinant human VEGF phosphorylated both Flt 1 and KDR and increased proliferation of all four MM cell lines in a dose dependent fashion . ^^^ Neutralizing antibodies against either VEGF , Flt 1 or KDR significantly reduced MM cellular proliferation . ^^^ In addition , expression of VEGF , Flt 1 , and KDR was observed in MM biopsies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SU 5416 , a potent inhibitor of the VEGF receptor 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) and VEGFR 2 receptor tyrosine kinases , did not abolish the inhibitory effect of VEGF , indicating that the VEGF effect is mediated by a mechanism unrelated to VEGFR 1 or VEGFR 2 tyrosine kinase activity . ^^^ Thus , VEGF appears to inhibit TNF alpha induced NF kappaB activation by VEGFR kinase independent inhibition of IKK . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The prototype VEGF binds VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 1 and VEGFR 2 and is angiogenic , whereas VEGF C , which binds to VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 , is either angiogenic or lymphangiogenic in different assays . ^^^ Immunohistochemical analysis showed that VEGF C upregulated VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 expression and VEGF upregulated VEGFR 2 expression at 4 days after injection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The receptor tyrosine kinases , kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) and fms like tyrosine kinase ( Flt 1 ) , and their ligand vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) are essential for the development and maintenance of placental vascular function during pregnancy . ^^^ To further understand the role of VEGF in mediating angiogenesis and vascular permeability during development , the cellular localization of KDR and Flt 1 mRNA and protein , and the distribution of ( 125 ) 1 VEGF binding sites in placenta , chorion and amnion of ovine fetuses were examined at three different gestational ages . ^^^ In placentae at 62 , 103 and 142 days , the predominant site of KDR mRNA and protein , and VEGF binding was the maternal vascular endothelium . ^^^ At 103 and 142 days but not 62 days gestation , KDR mRNA and protein as well as VEGF binding sites were abundantly present in the endothelium of villous blood vessels . ^^^ In the fetal membranes at 62 , 103 and 142 days gestation , KDR mRNA and protein were expressed in the amniotic epithelium and intramembranous blood vessel endothelium , where binding of ( 125 ) 1 VEGF was strong . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Administration of VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 neutralizing antibody DC 101 reduced vascular density and permeability of both VC+ and mock transduced T 241 tumors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To elucidate the sequence of molecular events intricate with angiogenesis and the initiation and progression prostate cancer , the temporal and spatial expression patterns of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 ( PECAM1 / CD31 ) , hypoxia induced factor 1alpha ( HIF 1alpha ) , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , and the cognate receptors VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 were characterized . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : The angiogenic effect of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ( 165 ) ) is mediated mainly through the high affinity tyrosine kinase receptor VEGF R 2 ( KDR / flk 1 ) . ^^^ This study examined the effects of VEGF overexpression by primary human endothelial cells ( ECs ) , which do not express VEGF under physiological conditions , on cell proliferation , VEGF binding to the kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) , and KDR expression . ^^^ Proliferation rate , bromodeoxyuridine incorporation , ( 125 ) 1 labeled VEGF ( 165 ) binding to the KDR receptor , and KDR expression were tested in the infected cells and in cells supplemented with VEGF protein . ^^^ Enhanced proliferation and a significant increase in ( 125 ) 1 VEGF ( 165 ) binding to the KDR receptor were induced by rAdVEGF infection of ECs ( autocrine effect ) as well as by addition of recombinant VEGF ( 165 ) to noninfected cells . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : The effect of VEGF ( 165 ) on proliferation and upregulation of KDR receptor expression demonstrated an autocrine phenomenon of EC sensitization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently VEGF B and VEGF C , two new VEGF family members , have been identified that bind to the tyrosine kinase receptors flt 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) , KDR ( VEGFR 2 ) , and flt 4 ( VEGFR 3 ) . ^^^ In addition , although VEGF receptors were higher in tumors than normal kidney , there was a significant up regulation of only flt 1 ( P = 0 . 003 ) but not KDR ( P = 0 . 12 ) or flt 4 ( P = 0 . 09 ) . ^^^ There was also a significant correlation between VEGF C and both of its receptors flt 4 ( P = 0 . 006 ) and KDR ( P = 0 . 03 ) but no association between VEGF B and its receptor flt 1 ( P = 0 . 23 ) . ^^^ A significant increase was observed in flt 1 ( P < 0 . 001 ) , KDR ( P = 0 . 02 ) , and flt 4 ( P = 0 . 01 ) but not VEGF B ( P = 0 . 82 ) or VEGF C ( P = 0 . 52 ) expression in clear cell compared with chromophil ( papillary ) carcinomas . ^^^ No significant association was demonstrated between VEGF B , VEGF C , flt 1 , KDR , and flt 4 with patient sex , patient age , or tumor size ( P > 0 . 05 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using iNOS knockout mice and the iNOS inhibitor 1400W , we demonstrate that iNOS expression inhibits angiogenesis locally in the avascular retina , mediated at least in part by a downregulation of VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) in cells adjacent to iNOS expressing cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) , also termed KDR , is a high affinity vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To determine the expression and the change of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its acceptor KDR during the early stage of maxillofacial blast injury . ^^^ The expression of VEGF and KDR in wound tissue was determined by ABC immunohistochemistry of 6 hours , 1 day , 2 days , 3 days , 5 days , and 7 days after injury . ^^^ CONCLUSION : The stage of the VEGF expression at the maxillofacial blast injury site is similar to the angiopoietic stage during would healing , and KDR expression also occurs during that period . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effect of ionizing radiation on thymidine uptake , differentiation , and VEGFR 2 receptor expression in endothelial cells : the role of VEGF ( 165 ) . ^^^ The modulation of the VEGFR 2 receptor expression after irradiation and the overall potential radioprotective effect of VEGF ( 165 ) on these functions were assayed . ^^^ These effects can be prevented in part by pretreating cells with VEGF ( 165 ) , an effect potentially favored by the upregulation of VEGFR 2 receptor expression after irradiation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF A acts on two receptor tyrosine kinases , VEGF receptor 1 ( VEGF R 1 or flt 1 ) and VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGF R 2 , flk 1 or KDR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Studies of effects of peptides on cross linking of VEGF to its receptors and on binding of VEGF to porcine aortic endothelial cells expressing either KDR or neuropilin 1 showed that exon 6 encoded peptides effectively blocked the interaction of VEGF with both receptors . ^^^ Our findings indicate that VEGF exon 6 encoded peptides inhibit VEGF induced angiogenesis , at least in part through inhibition of VEGF binding to KDR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previous findings suggest that both the Tat polypeptide encoded by HIV 1 and Tat derived peptides can induce angiogenesis via activation of the KDR receptor for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ( VEGF ) . ^^^ We identified 20 amino acids and 12 amino acid peptides corresponding to the cysteine rich and basic domains of HIV 1 Tat which inhibited ( 125 ) 1 VEGF ( 165 ) binding to KDR and neuropilin 1 ( NP 1 ) receptors in endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
More importantly , using the novel 11B5 MAb , the activated `` VEGF / flk 1 ( KDR ) receptor ' ' microvessel density was assessed . ^^^ It is suggested that the angiogenic pathway VEGF / flk 1 ( KDR ) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA and OA . ^^^ Thus , failure of VEGF / flk 1 ( KDR ) activation , in the presence of increased VEGF expression , may indicate a synovium with an impaired capacity to establish a viable vasculature , consistent with the degenerative nature of OA . ^^^ On the other hand , the activated angiogenesis in RA shows a functional , still pathologically up regulated VEGF / flk 1 ( KDR ) pathway . ^^^ Whether restoration of an impaired VEGF / flk 1 ( KDR ) pathway in OA , or inhibition of this in RA , would prove of therapeutic importance requires further investigation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor ( VEGFR ) 1 , 2 , Tie 1 , 2 and von Willebrand factor ( VWF ) were assayed by reverse transcriptase mediated polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF ( 165 ) , but not VEGF ( 189 ) , induced a rapid mobilization of HSCs and VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 ( + ) circulating endothelial precursor cells ( CEPs ) . ^^^ Neutralizing monoclonal antibody to VEGFR 2 completely inhibited VEGF ( 165 ) , but not Ang 1 induced mobilization and splenomegaly . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF protects against oxidized LDL toxicity to endothelial cells by an intracellular glutathione dependent mechanism through the KDR receptor . ^^^ Placenta growth factor , which ligates to the VEGF Flt 1 receptor but not KDR / Flk 1 , failed to prevent Ox LDL toxicity and had no effect on intracellular GSH levels . ^^^ An anti KDR antibody completely blocked these beneficial activities of VEGF . ^^^ These results suggest that VEGF prevents Ox LDL induced endothelial cell damage via an intracellular GSH dependent mechanism through the KDR / Flk 1 receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Deposition of VEGF and VEGFR was determined by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ Expression of messenger RNA for the different VEGF splice forms and for VEGFR was analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) . ^^^ In addition to VEGF , VEGFR 2 ( kinase domain region / fetal liver kinase 1 ) , but not VEGFR 1 ( fms like tyrosine kinase 1 ) , could be detected by RT PCR in OA cartilage and immunostained on OA chondrocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study VEGF and its Flt 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) and KDR ( VEGFR 2 ) receptors were immunolocalized in the endotheliochorial mink placenta throughout gestation . ^^^ VEGF , Flt 1 and KDR co localized to fetal and maternal microvascular endothelial cells , but with a temporal difference , displaying KDR in endothelial cells throughout gestation , whereas the VEGF and Flt 1 maternal endothelial cell staining was most intense during late gestation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , 14 uveal melanomas were immunostained for the lymphatic growth factor vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) C ( with anti VEGF C polyclonal antibodies [ pAbs ] ) , its receptors Flt 4 ( with monoclonal antibody [ mAb ] 9D9 ) and KDR ( with anti KDR mAb [ Clone KDR 2 ] ) , and the hemangiogenic factor VEGF A ( with anti VEGF pAbs ) . ^^^ There was coexpression of VEGF C with Flt 4 and KDR in 6 ( 43 % ) of the 14 melanomas . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A single autophosphorylation site on KDR / Flk 1 is essential for VEGF A dependent activation of PLC gamma and DNA synthesis in vascular endothelial cells . ^^^ KDR / Flk 1 tyrosine kinase , one of the two vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptors , induces mitogenesis and differentiation of vascular endothelial cells . ^^^ To understand the mechanisms underlying the VEGF A induced growth signaling pathway , we constructed a series of human KDR mutants and examined their biological properties . ^^^ When the mutated KDRs were introduced into the endothelial cell lines by adenoviral vectors , only the Y1175F KDR , Tyr 1175 to phenylalanine mutant , lost the ability to tyrosine phosphorylate phospholipase C gamma and , significantly , reduced MAP kinase phosphorylation and DNA synthesis in response to VEGF A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have already reported that vessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) expression are higher in metastatic tumors than in nonmetastatic tumors and that VEGF and its receptor , the KDR ligand / receptor system , also correlate with metastasis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor tyrosine kinase subtype kinase insert domain receptor ( KDR ) contains seven extracellular Ig like domains , of which the three most amino terminal contain the necessary structural features required for VEGF binding . ^^^ To clarify the functional role of KDR Ig like domains 4 7 , we compared VEGF induced signaling in human embryonic kidney and porcine aortic endothelial cells expressing native versus mutant receptor proteins in which Ig like domains 4 7 , 4 6 , or 7 had been deleted . ^^^ As was the case for native KDR , ( 125 ) 1 VEGF ( 165 ) binding to the mutant receptors was dependent upon cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans , and ( 125 ) 1 VEGF ( 121 ) bound with an affinity equal to that of ( 125 ) 1 VEGF ( 165 ) to the native and mutant receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cloning of VEGF receptor KDR and its expression in insect cells ] . ^^^ The cDNA fragment of the first 3 loops of VEGF receptor , KDR , was cloned by PCR and inserted into a baculovirus expression plasmid pFASTBACI . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The three loci , designated Mmtg 1 3 , are unlinked to the angiogenic genes Fgf 2 , Flt 1 , Flk 4 , Flk 1 , Vegf , and Vegfc , as well as the precursors of the endogenous antiangiogenic molecules angiostatin and endostatin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The endothelial cells of plexiform lesions express intensely and uniformly the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor KDR and segregate phenotypically into cyclin kinase inhibitor p27 / kip1 negative cells in the central core of the plexiform lesion and p27 / kip1 positive cells in peripheral areas adjacent to incipient blood vessel formation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and VEGF receptor Flk 1 in benign , premalignant , and malignant prostate tissue . ^^^ In all benign glands , VEGF and Flk 1 expression was confined almost exclusively to the basal cell layer ( proliferative cell compartment ) . ^^^ We concluded that tumor growth stimulated by the VEGF Flk 1 system is promoted not only by neoangiogenesis , but also by tumor cell autostimulation . ^^^ The VEGF Flk 1 system may have an important role in the process of malignant transformation and tumor progression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors , Flt 1 and flk 1 ( KDR ) , constitute an important angiogenic pathway which , under hypoxic conditions , is up regulated in many solid tumours . ^^^ We used the monoclonal antibody 11B5 , specific for recognizing VEGF expression and the ' VEGF / flk 1 ( KDR ) complex ' on tumour endothelium , to assess free VEGF protein expression and VEGF / receptor activated microvessel density ( aMVD ) in a series of 104 inoperable locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck , treated with chemo radiotherapy . ^^^ It is concluded that activation of the angiogenic pathway VEGF / flk 1 ( KDR ) is tumor specific in a subgroup of locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck . ^^^ Selective destruction of this type of vasculature , using immunoconjugates directed against the VEGF / receptor complex , may prove therapeutically useful for patients with a high tumoral VEGF / flk 1 ( KDR ) activated microvessel fraction . . ^^^ Tumor specific activation of the VEGF / KDR angiogenic pathway in a subset of locally advanced squamous cell head and neck carcinomas . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Full thickness skin wounds were created in mice , and subsequent expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , the VEGF receptor Flk 1 , alpha 1 ( 4 ) collagen ( Col4a1 ) , and Sox 18 were studied using in situ hybridization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHOD : We examined immunohistochemically expressions of VEGF and its corresponding receptors Flt 1 and Flk 1 in a series of 50 astrocytic tumours . and correlated their expressions with the degree of angiogenesis , brain edema and prognosis . ^^^ FINDINGS : There were significant relationships between VEGF , Flk 1 expressions and glioma malignancy grading , intratumoural vascularity and peritumoural brain edema , respectively . ^^^ Additionally , overexpression of VEGF and Flk 1 were significantly associated with earlier recurrence in patients with low grade astrocytomas ( P = 0 . 0018 and 0 . 0240 , respectively ) . ^^^ INTERPRETATION : It is possible to subcategorize each grade of astrocytic tumours based on their VEGF and Flk 1 staining pattern , which may be crucial in predicting the biological behavior of tumours and thus provide useful information with regard to adequate treatment . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A significant positive correlation was found between VEGF C in cancer cells and VEGF receptor 3 ( VEGFR 3 ) in vascular endothelial cells , but not between VEGF C in cancer cells and VEGFR 2 in endothelial cells . ^^^ Although the independent prognostic impact of VEGF C and VEGFR 3 was not clear , VEGFR 2 expression in endothelial cells retained the independency as the prognostic indicator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we tested whether vascular smooth muscles cells ( VSMCs ) can express VEGF receptors , such as flk 1 , flt 1 , and neuropilin ( NP ) 1 , and respond to VEGF in vitro . ^^^ Although the functional mature form of Flk 1 protein is expressed at low levels in VSMCs , phosphorylation of Flk 1 following VEGF ( 165 ) stimulation was still observed . ^^^ Since VEGF E is a specific activator of flk 1 while PlGF specifically activates only flt 1 , SMC migration induced by VEGF ( 165 ) is likely to be mediated primarily through the flk 1 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previous studies have demonstrated the expression of VEGF and its receptors , flt 1 or KDR / flk 1 , in hemangiosarcomas by immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization . ^^^ In the present study , however , we demonstrated that tumor cells of the hemangiosarcoma cell line ISO HAS express mRNA of VEGF and its two receptors , flt 1 and KDR , and secrete VEGF protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Additionally , we summarize the properties of 2C3 , a novel monoclonal anti VEGF antibody that blocks VEGF from binding to VEGFR 2 but not VEGFR 1 . 2C3 may be utilized as both an anti angiogenic agent by inhibiting VEGFR 2 activity and potentially as a vascular targeting agent by binding to blood vessels that express the VEGF VEGFR 1 complex . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Shiga like toxin VEGF fusion proteins are selectively cytotoxic to endothelial cells overexpressing VEGFR 2 . ^^^ SLT VEGF / L inhibits protein synthesis in a cell free translation system and induces VEGFR 2 tyrosine autophosphorylation in cells overexpressing VEGFR 2 indicating that both SLT and VEGF moieties are properly folded in the fusion protein . ^^^ SLT VEGF / L selectively inhibits growth of porcine endothelial cells expressing 2 3x10 ( 5 ) VEGFR 2 / cell with an IC ( 50 ) of 0 . 1 nM , and rapidly induces apoptosis at concentrations > 1 nM . ^^^ In contrast , SLT VEGF / L does not affect three different types of endothelial cells ( PAE / KDR ( low ) , HUVE , MS 1 ) expressing between 5x10 ( 3 ) and 5x10 ( 4 ) VEGFR 2 / cell , and quiescent endothelial cells overexpressing VEGFR 2 . ^^^ The selective cytotoxicity of SLT VEGF proteins against growing endothelial cells overexpressing VEGFR 2 suggests that they may be useful in targeting similar cells at sites of angiogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We examined the regulation of the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its specific receptors , fetal liver kinase receptor ( Flk 1 ) , and fms like tyrosine kinase receptor ( Flt 1 ) during formation of the capillary network in the developing rat lung . ^^^ An immunohistochemical study of lung tissue from 19 and 21 d old fetuses and 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , and 14 d old animals revealed that the level of expression of both VEGF and Flk 1 is significantly higher before birth ( p < 0 . 0001 ) than after . ^^^ Immunostaining also revealed the colocalization of VEGF , Flt 1 , and Flk 1 in endothelial cells of the lung capillaries at the ultrastructural level . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase is strongly expressed in malignant mesothelioma but does not associate with vascular density or the expression of VEGF , FLK 1 or FLT 1 . ^^^ AIMS : To investigate endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ) expression in malignant mesothelioma and its association with expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , its receptors FLK 1 and FLT 1 , and vascular density . ^^^ METHODS AND RESULTS : eNOS , VEGF , FLK 1 and FLT 1 were studied in 36 histological mesothelioma samples by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ VEGF , FLK 1 and FLT 1 expression was found in 17 ( 45 % ) , 24 ( 69 % ) and 25 ( 71 % ) cases , respectively . ^^^ No significant association was found between FLK 1 , FLT 1 , VEGF and eNOS immunoreactivity and vascular density . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we report that Grb 10 , an adapter protein of which the biological role remains unknown , is tyrosine phosphorylated in response to VEGF in endothelial cells ( HUVEC ) and in 293 cells expressing the VEGF receptor KDR . ^^^ In conclusion , we propose that VEGF up regulates Grb 10 level , which in turn increases KDR molecules , suggesting that Grb 10 could be involved in a positive feedback loop in VEGF signaling . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two VEGF receptors , KDR ( kinase domain region ) and Flt 1 ( fms like tyrosine kinase ) are co expressed by glomerular and peritubular capillary endothelial cells . ^^^ In the present work we focused on the tubulo interstitial compartment ; by reverse transcription / polymerase chain reaction ( RT / PCR ) we evaluated the expression of VEGF , KDR , Flt 1 and the relationship between the two main type of VEGF isoforms , VEGF 121 and VEGF 165 in the tubulo interstitium of type 2 diabetic patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , we examined the effects of exercise training ( treadmill running at the same absolute intensity ) in normoxia and hypoxia ( inspired O ( 2 ) fraction = 0 . 12 ) on rat skeletal muscle capillarity and on resting and postexercise gene expression of VEGF , its major receptors ( flt 1 and flk 1 ) , TGF beta ( 1 ) , and bFGF . ^^^ Rats trained in hypoxia exhibited an attenuated VEGF mRNA response to exercise ( 1 . 8 fold compared 3 . 4 fold with normoxic training ; P < 0 . 05 ) , absent TGF beta ( 1 ) and flt 1 mRNA responses to exercise , and an approximately threefold ( P < 0 . 05 ) decrease in bFGF mRNA levels . flk 1 mRNA levels were not significantly altered by either normoxic or hypoxic training . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , monocytoid precursors in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia ( CMML ) expressed VEGF in an intense cytoplasmic pattern with membranous co expression of the Flt 1 or KDR receptors , or both . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MATERIALS AND METHODS : Tumors from 45 patients were assessed by immunohistochemistry for expression patterns of five growth factors and their receptors ; platelet derived growth factor A chain ( PDGF AA ) and PDGF receptor alpha ( PDGFalphaR ) , PDGF BB and PDGFbetaR , transforming growth factor alpha ( TGFalpha ) and its receptor epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 ( FLT 1 ) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( FLK 1 / KDR ) , two growth inhibiting factors ; transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGFbeta 1 ) and TGFbeta 2 and their receptor couple TGFbeta receptor 1 ( TGFbetaR 1 ) and TGFbetaR 2 , and basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is known to be a highly specific mitogen for endothelial cells through two high affinity tyrosine kinase receptors , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , which are almost specifically expressed in endothelial cells . ^^^ To further understand the functional expression of VEGF receptors by nonendothelial cells , our preliminary screening detected the expression of VEGFR 2 in 115 different paraffin embedded cancer specimens including 35 cases of bladder tumor , 30 cases of breast cancer , 25 cases of intestinal cancer , and 25 cases of lung cancer with immunohistochemistry . ^^^ By reverse transcription PCR , NCI H 23 , NCI H 460 , MGC 803 , MDA MB 231 , 293 , and MCF 7 cells were evaluated for the mRNA expression of both VEGF and VEGFR 2 . ^^^ The data indicated that all these tumor cell lines expressed detectable amounts of VEGF mRNA , but only 293 , MCF 7 , and MGC 803 cells coexpressed VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We demonstrate here that CMDB 7 inhibits the mitogenic effect of VEGF ( 165 ) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUV ECs ) by preventing the VEGF ( 165 ) induced VEGF receptor 2 ( KDR ) autophosphorylation and consequently a specific intracellular signaling . ^^^ Moreover , CMDB 7 reduces the ( 125 ) 1 VEGF ( 165 ) binding to coated heparin albumin and prevents a heparin induced increase in iodinated VEGF ( 165 ) binding to soluble ( 125 ) 1 KDR Fc chimera . ^^^ In the presence of VEGF ( 165 ) , ( 125 ) 1 KDR Fc binding to heparin is enhanced , and under these conditions , CMDB 7 interferes with KDR binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , enhanced endothelial cell proliferation induced by conditioned medium of macrophages isolated from the ascites of patients with SBP is abolished by anti VEGF antibody , and peritoneal tissue of cirrhotic patients expresses both VEGF receptors , Flt 1 and KDR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The known responses of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) are mediated through VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 / KDR ) in endothelial cells . ^^^ Here we report that VEGF stimulated nitric oxide ( NO ) release is inhibited by blockade of VEGFR 1 and that VEGFR 1 via NO negatively regulates of VEGFR 2 mediated proliferation and promotes formation of capillary networks in human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVECs ) . ^^^ VEGF induced capillary growth over 14 days was inhibited by anti VEGFR 2 blocking antibody as determined by reduced tube length between capillary connections ( P < 0 . 0001 ) in an in vitro angiogenesis assay . ^^^ VEGF stimulated NO release from VEGFR 1 but not VEGFR 2 transfected endothelial cells and placenta growth factor 1 stimulated NO release in HUVECs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibition of both paracrine and autocrine VEGF / VEGFR 2 signaling pathways is essential to induce long term remission of xenotransplanted human leukemias . ^^^ We recently have shown that certain leukemias not only produce VEGF but also selectively express functional VEGF receptors ( VEGFRs ) , such as VEGFR 2 ( Flk 1 , KDR ) and VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) , resulting in the generation of an autocrine loop . ^^^ Blocking either the paracrine or the autocrine VEGF / VEGFR 2 pathway delayed leukemic growth and engraftment in vivo , but failed to cure inoculated mice . ^^^ Therefore , effective antiangiogenic therapies to treat VEGF producing , VEGFR expressing leukemias may require blocking both paracrine and autocrine VEGF / VEGFR 2 angiogenic loops to achieve remission and long term cure . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we identified immunoreactivity for KDR , a major VEGF specific receptor , in distal lung epithelial cells of human fetal lung tissue , suggesting a possible autocrine or paracrine regulatory role for VEGF in pulmonary epithelial cell growth and differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Angiogenesis is stimulated by vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) acting via endothelial cell specific receptors , such as VEGFR 2 , that are overexpressed at the sites of angiogenesis . ^^^ We report here that VEGF fusion proteins induce tyrosine autophosphorylation of VEGFR 2 and its downstream targets , as well as cell contraction in cells overexpressing VEGFR 2 . ^^^ Although N terminal extensions decrease the affinity of VEGF fusion proteins to VEGFR 2 , at saturating concentrations these proteins are as efficient as correct size VEGF ( 165 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Proteolysis is essential to generate human VEGF D that binds the angiogenic receptor VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) and the lymphangiogenic receptor VEGFR 3 with high affinity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Other genes involved in cell migration which were up regulated included the matrix metalloproteinase MMP 9 , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor Flk 1 , the chemokine receptor CCR 3 , and the cell adhesion molecules vesicular cell adhesion molecule 1 ( VCAM 1 ) and integrin a 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overexpression of vegf also resulted in earlier onset of flk 1 , tie 1 , scl , and gata 1 expression in the embryo , indicating a possible role of vegf in stimulating the differentiation of both vascular and hematopoietic lineages . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) binds to and mediates its activity mainly through two tyrosine kinase receptors , VEGF receptor 1 [ or fms like tyrosine kinase receptor ( Flt 1 ) ] and VEGF receptor 2 [ or kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) ] . ^^^ We demonstrated previously that antagonistic antibodies to KDR specifically inhibited VEGF stimulated receptor activation , cell migration , and endothelial cell mitogenesis . ^^^ Here we constructed a recombinant bifunctional diabody that is capable of blocking both Flt 1 and KDR from binding to their ligands , including VEGF and placenta growth factor ( PlGF ) . ^^^ The diabody retained the capacity to bind both KDR and Flt 1 and effectively blocked interaction between KDR and VEGF , Flt 1 and VEGF , and Flt 1 and PlGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The abnormal endothelial cells in both forms of severe pulmonary hypertension expand because of the expression of angiogenesis related molecules such as VEGF , VEGFR 2 , HIF 1 alpha , and HIF beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , the VEGF / VEGFR 2 pathway can promote the growth of leukemic blasts in an autocrine and paracrine manner . ^^^ The VEGF / VEGFR 2 pathway seems to play an important role in AML . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interestingly , absence of TSP 1 resulted in increased association of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) with its receptor VEGFR 2 and higher levels of active matrix metalloproteinase 9 ( MMP 9 ) , a molecule previously shown to facilitate both angiogenesis and tumor invasion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Another VEGF receptor , flk 1 , was localized to Muller cell processes and the outer plexiform layer in normal and experimental mice . ^^^ Coincident with VEGF upregulation in the retinas of herpesvirus 1 injected mice , there was increased flk 1 in ganglion cells and the inner and outer nuclear layers . ^^^ The present study demonstrates that intraocular inoculation of herpesvirus is sufficient to induce VEGF , flk 1 , TGFbeta 2 , and IL 6 in the retinas of injected and contralateral eyes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is postulated that in lungs with SPH , endothelial cells in plexiform lesions express genes encoding for proteins involved in angiogenesis , in particular , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and those involved in VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) signalling . ^^^ On immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization , endothelial cells in the plexiform lesions expressed VEGF mRNA and protein and overexpressed the mRNA and protein of VEGFR 2 , and the transcription factor subunits HIF 1alpha and HIF 1beta of hypoxia inducible factor , which are responsible for the hypoxia dependent induction of VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we analyzed the expression of VEGF and its receptors ( Flk 1 and Flt 1 ) in a rabbit model of collateral artery growth after femoral artery occlusion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tat is an angiogenic factor able to induce the migration and invasion of endothelial and KS cells through the interaction of its basic domain with the VEGF receptor VEGFR 2 ( Flk 1 / KDR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to study basic factors related to angiogenesis and phenotypic changes of the capillaries located in tumor bearing alveolar walls , we examined 37 primary lung adenocarcinomas with electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy with antibodies for TM , vWf , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , and its receptors ( KDR and Flt 1 ) , and proliferating markers ( Ki 67 / proliferating cell nuclear antigen ) . ^^^ Besides cytoplasmic VEGF expression in neoplastic cells , tumor bearing alveolar walls showed significant expression of mRNA of VEGF 165 and KDR . ^^^ These findings imply that angiogenesis and phenotypic changes of the alveolar capillaries are closely related to a higher expression of tumor associated VEGF 165 and of KDR in the alveolar walls in primary lung adenocarcinoma . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of extracellular domain of VEGF receptor KDR with recombinant AAV ] . ^^^ The cDNA of extracellular domain of VEGF receptor KDR was cloned from primary cultured HUVEC by RT PCR and subcloned into AAV vector pSNAV . ^^^ The recombinant AAV expressing soluble KDR that can bind to VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF mediated decreased TER was also significantly attenuated by inhibition of ERK1 / 2 MAPK but not by inhibition of fetal liver kinase 1 ( flk 1 ) or Src kinase . ^^^ In contrast , VEGF mediated endothelial migration was not attenuated by ERK1 / 2 inhibition but was abolished by inhibition of either flk 1 or Src kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the intracellular events that regulate EC PAF synthesis upon Flk 1 stimulation by VEGF remain to be elucidated . 2 . ^^^ Using specific inhibitors and Western blot analysis , we herein report that in bovine aortic endothelial cells ( BAEC ) , VEGF induces the synthesis of PAF through the cascade activation of Flk 1 receptor , phospholipase Cgamma ( PLCgamma ) , protein kinase C ( PKC ) and p42 / 44 mitogen activated protein kinases ( MAPK ) . 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We assessed the effect of specific inhibitors of VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 tyrosine kinase activity in in vivo and in vitro models of VEGF and bFGF induced angiogenesis . ^^^ In an implant mouse model of angiogenesis , VEGFR 2 inhibitors completely blocked angiogenesis induced by VEGF , and , surprisingly , also inhibited the effect of bFGF to various extents . ^^^ In vitro , VEGF and bFGF induced bovine microvascular and aortic endothelial ( BME and BAE ) cell collagen gel invasion could be blocked by the VEGFR 2 inhibitors by 100 and approximately 90 % , respectively . ^^^ Thus , the unexpected inhibition of bFGF induced angiogenesis by VEGFR 2 antagonists reveals a requirement for endogenous VEGF and VEGF C in this process . ^^^ These findings broaden the spectrum of mediators of angiogenesis that can be inhibited by VEGFR 2 antagonists and highlight the importance of these compounds as agents for inhibiting tumor growth sustained by both VEGF and bFGF . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Targeting endothelial cells overexpressing VEGFR 2 : selective toxicity of Shiga like toxin VEGF fusion proteins . ^^^ SLT VEGF / L retains functional activities of both SLT and VEGF 121 moieties , since it inhibits protein synthesis in a cell free translation system and induces VEGFR 2 tyrosine autophosphorylation . ^^^ SLT VEGF / L selectively inhibits growth of porcine endothelial cells expressing 2 . 5 10 10 ( 5 ) VEGFR 2 / cell with an IC 50 of 0 . 2 nM and rapidly induces apoptosis at concentrations > 1 nM . ^^^ We found that sensitivity of VEGFR 2 transfected PAE cells to SLT VEGF / L declined as the cellular VEGFR 2 density decreased ; PAE cells expressing 25000 VEGFR 2 / cell were as sensitive as parental cells lacking the receptor . ^^^ Selective cytotoxicity of SLT VEGF / L against growing endothelial cells overexpressing VEGFR 2 suggests that it may be useful in targeting similar cells at the sites of angiogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 3 ( or Flt 4 ) is a VEGF C receptor with expression restricted to lymphatic endothelial cells . ^^^ When we performed immunohistochemical staining for VEGFR 3 in these tumors to investigate lymphangiogenesis by VEGF C , the number of vessels stained for VEGFR 3 in tumors and surrounding tissues was higher for AZ VEGF C than for controls . ^^^ VEGFR 3 positive vessels occupied 14 . 9 / 1000 of microscopically examined areas for AZ VEGF C , but only 1 . 30 / 1000 for controls ( P < 0 . 001 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have asked whether also the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) utilizes ROS as messenger intermediates downstream of the VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) / KDR receptor given that the proliferation of endothelial cells during neoangiogenesis is physiologically regulated by oxygen and likely by its derivative species . ^^^ In porcine aortic endothelial cells stably expressing human KDR , receptor activation by VEGF is followed by a rapid increase in the intracellular generation of hydrogen peroxide as revealed by the peroxide sensitive probe dichlorofluorescein diacetate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : To clarify the clinical significance of the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor , kinase domain containing receptor ( KDR ) in colorectal cancer , we evaluated the relationship between the expression of VEGF and KDR , and the microvessel counts and clinicopathological factors in colorectal cancer . ^^^ METHODS : A total of 259 specimens from sequential colorectal cancer patients who had undergone surgery were examined by the avidin biotin peroxidase complex method , using anti human VEGF , anti human KDR , and anti human von Willebrand factor antibodies . ^^^ The microvessel count at the tumor invasive edge in the patients whose tumor cells were positive for VEGF was significantly higher than that in the patients whose tumor cells were negative for VEGF ( 33 . 0 + / 7 . 8 vs 28 . 0 + / 7 . 9 ) ; the significant difference in microvessel counts was greater when there was a combination of VEGF and KDR expression . ^^^ Although there was no significant difference ( P = 0 . 0743 ) in the survival rates after potentially curative resection according to VEGF expression , the survival rate of the patients positive for both VEGF in tumor cells and KDR in endothelial cells was significantly ( P = 0 . 0026 ) lower than that in the patients who were negative for VEGF and / or KDR . ^^^ In addition , multivariate analysis revealed that the expression of both VEGF and KDR was an independent prognostic factor even after potentially curative resection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The most potent angiogenic cytokine is vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and there has been substantial research into the development of VEGF / VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) antagonists . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptors , the fms like tyrosine kinase ( flt 1 ) and kinase insert domain containing region ( KDR ) , in corpora lutea obtained at different stages of the oestrous cycle and during pregnancy in rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Co expression of VEGF C and its receptors , VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 , in endothelial cells of lymphangioma . ^^^ To extend the molecular basis of the pathogenesis of lymphangioma , we have characterized the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and VEGF receptors ( VEGFR ) in 29 cases of lymphangioma by RNA in situ hybridization . ^^^ Endothelial cells of lymphangioma co express transcripts of VEGF C and its receptors VEGFR 3 ( Flt 4 ) and VEGFR 2 ( Flk 1 ) , which are not detectable in the adjacent connective tissue . ^^^ In contrast , there is little or no expression of VEGF C , VEGFR 3 , and VEGFR 2 mRNA in endothelial cells of hemangiomas , angiosarcomas , or normal lymphatic vessels of the small or large intestines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Among the currently available antiangiogenic therapies , the inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , and their receptor ( VEGFR ) and matrix metallo proteinase ( MMP ) , some antivascular agents and the antiangiogenic scheduling of chemotherapy are beginning to show clinical efficacy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial cell growth factor ( VEGF ) binds to 2 related receptor tyrosine kinases , known as kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) and fms like tyrosine kinase ( Flt 1 ) . ^^^ The KDR has been shown to mediate VEGF stimulated endothelial cell mitogenesis , migration , and permeability . ^^^ In the present study , we have used 2 independent endothelial cell tube formation models and highly selective VEGF mutants for the KDR and Flt 1 receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : The expression and localization of the mRNA of VEGF and its receptors , flt 1 and flk 1 , were analyzed in the kidneys of puromycin aminonucleoside injected rats by use of Northern blotting and in situ hybridization . ^^^ In the normal rat kidney , VEGF mRNA was localized primarily to podocytes , and flk 1 mRNA was localized exclusively to endothelial cells with much higher intensity in glomeruli than in peritubular capillaries . ^^^ In PAN kidney , the intensities of both VEGF and flk 1 signals in podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells , respectively , appeared much lower at 7 days than in normal kidney . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Its stimulating effect on endothelial cells basically is dependent on the presence of specific VEGF receptors , such as the flk 1 ( KDR ) receptor . ^^^ This study investigates the roles of VEGF and of a functionally intact angiogenic pathway , `` VEGF / flk 1 ( KDR ) , ' ' in patients with endometrial carcinoma and their significance in prognosis and therapy . ^^^ VEGF / KDR complexes on tumor endothelium or activated microvessel density ( aMVD ) were identified using the MoAb 11B5 . ^^^ In multivariate analysis , disease stage was the most important independent prognostic factor ( P < 0 . 0001 ) , followed by VEGF / KDR ( P < 0 . 01 ) , and VEGF ( P < 0 . 04 ) . ^^^ Furthermore , VEGF and VEGF / KDR were the only independent prognostic variables for patients with Stage 1 endometrioid adenocarcinoma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Its precise role in angiogenesis is unclear , but several genes essential to vascular development , including those encoding vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , its receptor VEGFR 2 and Tie 2 , are thought to be targets of EPAS 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Blockade of in vivo VEGF mediated angiogenesis by antisense gene therapy : role of Flk 1 and Flt 1 receptors . ^^^ Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is a mitogenic and chimiotactic factor capable of inducing angiogenesis through the activation of its receptors , fetal liver kinase 1 ( Flk 1 ) and fms like tyrosine kinase 1 ( Flt 1 ) , expressed on endothelial cells . ^^^ The purpose of the present study was to assess if a treatment with antisense ( AS ) oligonucleotides directed against VEGF receptors Flk 1 or Flt 1 mRNA could prevent VEGF mediated angiogenesis . ^^^ With the use of miniosmotic pumps , phosphate buffered saline , VEGF , or VEGF combined with AS Flk 1 , AS Flt 1 , or AS scrambled oligonucleotides were released in mouse testis for 14 days . ^^^ The combination of AS Flk 1 or AS Flt 1 ( 200 microg ) to VEGF ( 2 . 5 microg ) reduced by 87 and 85 % the formation of new blood vessels , respectively , and the expression of their corresponding proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Immunohistochemical localization of ACE , VEGF , and VEGF receptor fetal liver kinase 1 ( Flk 1 ) was examined in cryosections of the retinas of streptozotocin injected diabetic rats . ^^^ Both VEGF and Flk 1 signals increased simultaneously with the increment of ACE immunoreactivity . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : ACE , expressed in the retinal vessel walls , increases simultaneously with the increment of both VEGF and Flk 1 in the retinas of diabetic rats , suggesting that upregulation of ACE might play some role in the progression of diabetic retinopathy through the VEGF / VEGF receptor system . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We provide evidence that the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and of the VEGF receptor 2 ( Flk 1 ) , a signaling system centrally involved in tumor angiogenesis , occurs efficiently in tumors formed by Ras transformed mammary epithelial cells and that both TGF beta 1 and hypoxia are potent inducers of VEGF expression in these cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF exerts its biologic activities through 2 transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors : the fms like tyrosine kinase receptor ( Flt 1 , or VEGFR 1 ) and kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR or VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^ These antibodies efficiently neutralized VEGF induced KDR activation and mitogenesis of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells ( HUVEC ) . ^^^ These human Fab fragments bind specifically to KDR with nanomolar affinity and block KDR / VEGF interaction with IC ( 50 ) of approximately 2 20 nM . ^^^ Epitope mapping studies demonstrated that all neutralizing human antibodies bound the epitope ( s ) located within the first 3 N terminal immunoglobulin like domains of KDR , the same region that encompasses the binding site of VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cloning and monoclonal antibody preparation of VEGF receptor KDR extracellular 5 7 domain and KDR expression in carcinomas of different origins ] . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : To examine the expression of VEGF receptor KDR in carcinomas of different origins and provide possibility of exploring its relation to tumor growth and metastasis . ^^^ METHODS : VEGF receptor KDR cDNA ( 5 7 ) fragment was cloned from human umbilical vein with RT PCR and expressed in E . coli Jm 109 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To begin to address these questions , we assayed expression of VEGF and one of its potential receptors , Flk 1 ( VEGFR 2 ) , in the embryonic mouse forebrain and embryonic cortical neurons grown in vitro . ^^^ Both VEGF and Flk 1 are present in subsets of post mitotic neurons in vivo and in vitro . ^^^ While the abundance of Flk 1 is unaffected by hypoxia , the receptor exhibits a higher level of tyrosine phosphorylation , as do downstream signaling kinases , including extracellular signal regulated protein kinase , p90RSK and STAT3a , demonstrating activation of the VEGF pathway . ^^^ This activation was diminished in the presence of specific inhibitors of Flk 1 function and agents that sequester VEGF , resulting in a dose dependent increase in apoptosis in these neuronal cultures . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor VEGFR 2 are among the best characterized of the various key elements in benign and neoplastic angiogenesis . ^^^ In 1997 , clinical trials were initiated to evaluate an anti VEGF monoclonal antibody and a VEGFR 2 antagonist as therapy for patients with different types of solid tumors and hematologic neoplasms . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although much is known about the biology of VEGF and its cognate receptors , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , the role of a recently identified co receptor for VEGF , neuropilin 1 , is not well understood . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found no evidence that the expression or functions of other integrins were altered as a consequence of the beta 3 deficiency , but we did observe elevated levels of VEGF receptor 2 ( also called Flk 1 ) in beta 3 null endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This paper studies the immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors Flt 1 and Flk 1 , and basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) in BOOP and UIP . ^^^ The expression of Flt 1 and Flk 1 was in agreement with the expression of VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Impact of extracellular gene of VEGF receptor KDR on growth of human bladder carcinoma in nude rats ] . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : To investigate the anti angiogenesis activity of the extracellular domain of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor KDR . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Inhibition of the VEGF / KDR signal transmission channel can inhibit the angiogenesis in tumor , thus delaying its growth . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVES : Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ; Flk 1 [ fetal liver kinase ] / KDR [ kinase insert domain containing receptor ] ) has been identified as a high affinity receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) on vascular endothelium . ^^^ The focal expression pattern of VEGFR 2 on tumor cells suggests an autocrine loop for VEGF in tumor cell growth . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) mRNA becomes markedly up regulated by Nox 1 both in cultured cells and in tumors , and VEGF receptors ( VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 ) are highly induced in vascular cells in Nox 1 expressing tumors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The deletion analyses indicated that the region between 115 and 97 ( containing Sp 1 binding region ) within the KDR promoter gene was required for the enhanced KDR expression induced by thrombin and VEGF . ^^^ Moreover , the nitric oxide synthase ( NOS ) inhibitor abolished both the accelerated cell proliferation and the increased KDR expression induced by thrombin and VEGF . ^^^ These findings suggest that thrombin might potentiate the VEGF induced angiogenic activity through increasing the level of the VEGF receptor KDR , in which production of NO is involved . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptors ( VEGFR ) play a major role in tumor angiogenesis and , thus , represent attractive targets for the development of novel anticancer therapeutics . ^^^ Physiological concentrations ( 0 . 01 1 microM ) of epigallocatechin 3 gallate , catechin 3 gallate , and , to a lesser extent , epicatechin 3 gallate induce a rapid and potent inhibition of VEGF dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Despite significant overlap between MDS and AML in many aspects , higher levels of cellular VEGF and lower levels KDR are seen in MDS than in AML . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : Recent studies show that vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors Flt 1 and KDR , and a series of other angiogenic molecules , are upregulated in advanced but not low stage human neuroblastoma . ^^^ The mRNA expression of VEGF ( 165 ) and its receptors Flt 1 , KDR , NRP 1 , and NRP 2 was evaluated by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction . ^^^ RESULTS : VEGF ( 165 ) mRNA was upregulated in Stage 3 and 4 and Flt 1 and KDR gene expression was increased in Stage 3 , while NRP 1 and 2 mRNA and protein levels were higher in Stages 1 4 vs . controls ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Localization of VEGF receptor 2 ( KDR / Flk 1 ) and effects of blocking it in oxygen induced retinopathy . ^^^ The goal of this study was to examine the immunohistochemical localization and relative levels of VEGF receptor 2 ( KDR ) in canine retina during postnatal vasculogenesis and during angiogenesis in oxygen induced retinopathy ( OIR ) and to investigate the effects of neutralizing KDR on these processes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : The expression of VEGF and its receptor kinase domain insert containing receptor ( KDR ) in human gastric cancer tissue were observed by immunohistochemical staining . ^^^ RESULTS : VEGF positive rate was 50 % , and VEGF was mainly localized in the cytoplasm and membrane of the tumor cells , while KDR was mainly located in the membrane of vascular endothelial cells in gastric cancer tissues and peri cancerous tissue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor FLK 1 in non small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) a preliminary report . ^^^ In this study , the expression of VEGF and FLK 1 was examined by immunohistochemistry in 67 archival tumour samples obtained from NSCLC patients treated by radical resection . ^^^ No correlation was noted between the expression of VEGF and FLK 1 ( p=0 . 35 , chi square test ) . ^^^ The expression of VEGF and FLK 1 in NSCLC cells was confirmed in this study . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TSA inhibited in a dose dependent and reversible fashion the VEGF induced expression of VEGF receptors , VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , and neuropilin 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To localize vascular endothelial growth factor C ( VEGF C ) and VEGF D in synovial specimens in relation to their VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 receptors in blood and lymphatic vessels . ^^^ The VEGF receptors VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 are present in most of the sublining blood vessels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro , MAPCs cultured with VEGF differentiate into CD 34 ( + ) , VE cadherin ( + ) , Flk 1 ( + ) cells a phenotype that would be expected for angioblasts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This effect of recombinant human VEGF 165 was abolished by neutralizing antisera to VEGFR 2 . ^^^ These data suggest that VEGF may not only mediate neovascularization associated with prostate cancer progression but may also directly stimulate prostate tumor cells via VEGFR 2 dependent autocrine and / or paracrine mechanisms . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects of the expression of VEGF and KDR on the angiogenesis , growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma ] . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : To investigate the effects of VEGF ( vascular endothelial growth factor ) and KDR ( kinase insert domain containing receptor ) on the angiogenesis , growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma . ^^^ Image analysis was followed , and the relationship between VEGF , KDR expression and the pathological characteristics of HCC was studied . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Comparison between pediatric acute myeloid leukemia ( AML ) and adult AML in VEGF and KDR ( VEGF R 2 ) protein levels . ^^^ In this study , cellular VEGF and its receptor , VEGF R 2 ( kinase domain receptor ( KDR ) ) , were analyzed in 45 pediatric AML patients using Western blot and solid phase radioimmunoassay ( RIA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS AND RESULTS : We investigated the expression of VEGF and its receptors ( flt 1 , KDR ) in acute KD tissues at 7 days to 5 weeks of illness . ^^^ Neuropilin 1 , which enhances the binding of VEGF ( 165 ) to KDR , was also studied . ^^^ Compared with controls , coronary vessels of acute KD had upregulation of VEGF and flt 1 but not KDR or neuropilin 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , transforming growth factor beta ( 1 ) ( TGF beta ( 1 ) ) , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) , Flt 1 , and Flk 1 mRNA were analyzed from the left gastrocnemius by quantitative Northern blot . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we investigated the expression of VEGF related factor genes ( VEGF , VEGF B , and VEGF C ) and their receptor genes ( VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 ) in renal cell carcinoma ( RCC ) . ^^^ There were significant differences in the expression level of VEGF , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 between RCC and the corresponding normal renal tissue . ^^^ The expression level of VEGF in the tumor tissue significantly correlated with those of VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 . ^^^ A moderate to high protein expression for VEGF , VEGFR 1 , and VEGFR 2 was observed in both the tumor cells and the endothelial cells , whereas the protein expression was low for VEGF B and VEGF C . ^^^ The present results suggested that VEGF and its receptors VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 cooperates to play a crucial role in the angiogenesis of RCC , while VEGF B and VEGFR C may not . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , the cellular distribution of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , a strong stimulator of new vessel formation , was assessed by both immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization for VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) mRNA expression . ^^^ VEGFR 2 may act as a key modulator of VEGF activity in endothelial cells and nonendothelial cells , indicating that VEGF plays an important role in the behavior of craniopharyngiomas . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three classes of disulfide constrained peptides that antagonize binding of the VEGF dimer to its receptors , KDR and Flt 1 , were identified previously using phage display methods . ^^^ The v 107 binding site on VEGF overlaps partially with the binding site of KDR and is similar to that for domain 2 of Flt 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To study the effects of hypoxia and hypoxia combined exercise on capillary density and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor KDR of skeletal muscle in rats . ^^^ VEGF and its receptor KDR were studied by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ VEGF protein was found primarily in the matrix between muscle fibers ; VEGF receptor KDR was shown mainly in endothelial cells of capillary . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Specifically , 1 ) VEGF / Flt and Ang 1 / Tie 2 may promote trophoblast growth , 2 ) VEGF / KDR and Ang 1 / Tie 2 may support fetoplacental vascular development and stabilization , 3 ) sFlt may balance VEGF actions , and 4 ) Ang 2 / Tie 2 may remodel the maternal vasculature . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have previously shown that 4 anilinoquinazolines can be potent inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor ( Flt 1 and KDR ) tyrosine kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemistry for vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors , fms like tyrosine kinase ( flt 1 ) and kinase insert domain containing region ( KDR ) , was performed on human endometrium obtained from patients with normal menstrual cycles , patients given oestrogen and progesterone , and women in early pregnancy . ^^^ Endometrial stromal cells isolated from proliferative phase endometrium were incubated with oestrogen ( 10 ( 8 ) mol l 1 ) and medroxyprogesterone acetate ( MPA ; 10 ( 6 ) mol l 1 ) for 18 days to study the regulation of VEGF , flt 1 and KDR in endometrial stromal cells by oestrogen and progesterone . ^^^ Expression of VEGF and KDR mRNAs was increased significantly by oestrogen and MPA , accompanied by decidualization , whereas flt 1 mRNA expression was not affected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When exposed to the flk 1 ligand , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , which is overexpressed by many tumors , these cells underwent extensive apoptosis . ^^^ In the current study , severe combined immunodeficient mice bearing s . c . tumors that expressed high levels of VEGF were treated either intratumorally or i . v . every 4 days for a total of five doses with saline control , free Taxol , and immortalized ECs ( imECs ) expressing the flk 1 : fas fusion protein ( imEC / HFF ) loaded with Taxol ( imEC / HFF T ) . ^^^ Significant apoptosis of flk 1 : fas expression cells was observed in tumor , apparently driven by VEGF secreted from tumor cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Similar to endothelial cells ( ECs ) , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) induces Bcl 2 expression on VEGF receptor positive ( VEGFR ( + ) ) primary leukemias and cell lines , promoting survival . ^^^ We also demonstrate that the generation of a VEGF / VEGFR autocrine loop on VEGFR ( + ) cells such as ECs , also protected them from apoptosis . ^^^ In summary , we demonstrate that Hsp 90 mediates antiapoptotic and survival promoting effects of VEGF , which may contribute to the survival advantage of VEGFR ( + ) cells such as subsets of leukemias . . ^^^ VEGF increased the expression of Hsp 90 by interacting with KDR and activating the mitogen activated protein kinase cascade . ^^^ Earlier , we showed that in some leukemias , a VEGF / KDR autocrine loop is essential for cell survival , whereas here we identified the molecular correlates for such an effect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) acts primarily as an endothelial cell mitogen via the specific receptors Flk 1 and Flt 1 . ^^^ To help further define the possible role of VEGF in the control of pituitary cell function , we examined Flk 1 expression in normal rat pituitaries and in GH 3 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To address the mechanisms underlying tumor initiation , we assessed the expression of VEGF , VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) , and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , as well as endothelial cell proliferation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Such markers include the complexes that are formed when vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) binds to its receptors ( VEGFR ) . ^^^ The receptors , VEGFR 1 ( FLT 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( KDR / Flk 1 ) , are upregulated on vascular endothelial cells in tumors by hypoxia and by the increased local concentration of VEGF . ^^^ Here , we review the concept of vascular targeting and the development of monoclonal antibodies that bind to VEGF : VEGFR complexes and their use as tumor vascular targeting agents . ^^^ A promising monoclonal antibody is 2C3 , which blocks VEGF from binding to VEGFR 2 but not VEGFR 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , since its stimulating effect on endothelial cells is basically dependent on the presence of VEGF receptors , i . e . the flk 1 ( KDR ) , the detection of a functionally intact angiogenic pathway VEGF / flk 1 ( KDR ) is a more reliable and , indeed , independent prognostic parameter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A significant inhibition of the angiogenic effect of PAF was achieved by anti VEGF antibodies or soluble VEGF receptors such as KDR and flt 1 but not by antibodies against tumor necrosis factor alpha , interleukin 1alpha , or basic fibroblast growth factor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and VEGF receptor 2 [ fetal liver kinase 1 ( Flk 1 ) / kinase insert domain containing receptor ] have been shown to play a major role in tumor angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemical results and semi quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction indicated that the VEGF receptors flk 1 and flt 1 were up regulated in response to the infusion trauma ; flt 1 was localized to reactive astroglia , while flk 1 was expressed in vascular endothelium but predominantly in neuronal somata and processes adjacent to the delivery site . mRNA for the VEGF ( 121 ) , VEGF ( 165 ) and VEGF ( 188 ) isoforms was also increased after delivery of the recombinant protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the expression pattern of NP 1 / NP 2 , their co receptors , vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 and 2 ( VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 ) , and their ligands , class 3 semaphorins , VEGF and PLGF , following experimental cerebral ischemia in mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We studied the expression of VEGF and VEGFR 2 in ischemic human and rabbit skeletal muscle by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization . ^^^ In chronically ischemic human skeletal muscle VEGF and VEGFR 2 expression was restricted to atrophic and regenerating skeletal myocytes , whereas in acutely ischemic limbs VEGF and VEGFR 2 were expressed diffusely in the affected muscle . ^^^ Hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha was associated with VEGF and VEGFR 2 expression both in acute and chronic ischemia but not in regeneration . ^^^ VEGFR 2 expression was co localized with VEGF expression in regenerating myotubes . ^^^ Macrophages and an increased number of capillaries were associated with areas of ischemic muscle expressing VEGF and VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both VEGF and PlGF , acting through the tyrosine kinase receptors VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , have been implicated in playing a role in ovine placental vascular development . ^^^ Furthermore , alterations in VEGF , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 mRNA expression , during the period of maximal placental growth , may contribute to the development of placental insufficiency , and ultimately intrauterine growth restriction . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , its receptors VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , and angiopoietin 1 mRNA tended to be higher in the mammary fat pad tumors than in the cranial tumors ( 1 . 5 , 1 . 5 , 3 , and 2 fold , respectively ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tumors removed at 1 week intervals up to week 6 were probed by immunohistochemistry ( n = 3 11 samples ) for vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , placental growth factor ( PlGF ) , flk 1 and flt 1 , angiopoietin 1 and 2 , and Tie 1 and 2 . ^^^ The increased VEGF of HT 29 was paralleled by a 2 fold ( week 4 ) rise in VEGF receptor flk 1 on vessels as well as increased ang 2 / Tie 2 . ^^^ Antiangiogenic therapy may require a tumor specific combination of inhibitors for PlGF , the angiopoietins , or their receptors , in addition to VEGF / flk 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , we found that vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor VEGFR 2 ( KDR ) were dramatically upregulated in the stromal cells of the superficial endometrial zones by progesterone ( P ) withdrawal during the premenstrual phase . ^^^ A unique role of VEGF at this stage of the cycle may be to stimulate MMP expression in stromal cells because VEGF , KDR , and MMPs were all coordinately induced in these cells in the superficial zone of the primate endometrium by P withdrawal . ^^^ In sum , menstrual tissue is rich in VEGF , KDR , MMPs , leukocytes , chemokines , cytokines , and prostaglandins , all factors that may facilitate attachment and angiogenesis when menstrual fragments exit from the tubes and implant on pelvic sites . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we report that VE cadherin is associated with VE growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) on the exposure of endothelial cells to VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemistry on paraffin sections was performed with anti human factor 8 antibody to study the microvascular density ( MVD ) , and with antibodies to VEGF , Flt 1 , and KDR to investigate the expression of these three proteins in different cellular compartments . ^^^ Survival analysis showed that the high MVD group was associated with a high risk of death . ( 3 ) There was no significant difference between low MVD and high MVD groups in VEGF expression in tumor cells , but in endothelial cells both Flt 1 and KDR were correlated with high microvessel count . ( 4 ) The high expression of VEGF in tumor cells was correlated with that in stromal fibroblasts . ^^^ The level of expression in both cells was consistent . ( 5 ) In both tumor cells and endothelial cells , high co expression of VEGF and KDR was consistent , but that of VEGF and Flt 1 showed inconsistency . ^^^ VEGF and its receptors thus appear to be new therapeutic targets for lung carcinoma . ( 3 ) VEGF appears to be produced by both tumor cells and stromal fibroblasts . ( 4 ) The result suggests that tumor expansion and angiogenesis are mainly induced by an autocrine pathway and a paracrine loop of VEGF via KDR . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Taken together , these results suggest that the activated Stat3alpha found in brain tumors may be due to the endothelial tyrosine kinase VEGFR 2 and that Stat3alpha may play a central role in autocrine VEGF activation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Renal ischemia reperfusion increases endothelial VEGFR 2 without increasing VEGF or VEGFR 1 expression . ^^^ Expression of the angiogenic growth factor vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors ( VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 ) is up regulated by hypoxia in a variety of organs and cell lines . ^^^ RESULTS : VEGFR 2 mRNA and protein expression were up regulated without an increase in VEGF or VEGFR 1 expression . ^^^ VEGFR 2 up regulation in renal ischemia reperfusion may be important in mediating the mitogenic and anti apoptotic actions of VEGF on endothelial cells , thereby preserving the integrity of the endothelium and the potential for blood supply to ischemic tissues . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using quantitative RT PCR , VEGF and its receptors , Flk 1 and Flt 1 , were detected in CK MVECs . ^^^ CK+ MVECs expressed VEGF and Flt 1 mRNA , but were devoid of Flk 1 transcripts . ^^^ After hypoxia , neither VEGF , nor Flk 1 , nor Tie 2 mRNA expression was altered in either MVEC type . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Small molecules that selectively inhibit the VEGF receptor associated tyrosine kinase activities of Flk 1 ( KDR ) and Flt 1 have been developed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ( VEGF ) through interaction with its receptors VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 1 expressed on endothelial and hematopoietic stem cells promote recruitment of these cells into the sites of tissue injury accelerating vascular healing . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Currently , three high affinity tyrosine kinase receptors for VEGF have been identified , of which VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) Flk 1 / KDR ( VEGFR 2 ) is exclusively expressed in vascular endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
After transduction of primary murine CD 8 lymphocytes by such vectors , the transduced cells were shown to possess an efficient killing specificity for cells expressing the VEGF receptor , Flk 1 , as measured by in vitro cytotoxicity assays . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HUCMEC produce vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and express the receptors , kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) and fms like tyrosine kinase , through which VEGF mediates its actions in the endothelium . ^^^ VEGF induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of KDR and a proliferative response from HUCMEC comparable to that elicited from human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVEC ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In pathological conditions , increased levels of expression of the VEGF receptors VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , and VEGFR 3 accompany VEGF activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Many cellular effects of thrombin on endothelial cells can contribute to the angiogenic action of thrombin . ( 1 ) Exposure of endothelial cells to thrombin cause a time and dose dependent decrease in the attachment of these cells to basement membrane components , with a concomitant increase in matrix metalloproteinase 2 activation . ( 2 ) Thrombin upregulates the expression of integrin alphavbeta 3 , the marker of the angiogenic phenotype of endothelial cells . ( 3 ) Thrombin has chemotactic and aptotactic effects on endothelial cells and upregulates the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptors ( KDR and Flt 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We conclude that EC death induced by VEGFR 2 blockade with SU 5416 may trigger an EC selection process that allows for the expansion of apoptosis resistant EC , possibly driven by mechanisms independent of VEGF and VEGFR 2 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This paper describes the expression of VEGF and of VEGFR 2 in the vasculature of the chorioallantoic membrane ( CAM ) as revealed by in situ hybridization and immunoelectron microscopy . ^^^ Results showed that VEGFR 2 is expressed in both the endothelial cells and the pericytes , while VEGF in the chorionic epithelial cells . ^^^ VEGF may therefore be released to promote both angiogenesis , by initiating an angiogenic response by endothelial cells expressing VEGFR 2 , and the recruitment of pericytes along the capillary wall , playing also a crucial role in maturation and stabilization of the CAM blood vessels . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Among the known stem cell active chemokines , the angiogenic factor VEGF through interaction with its receptors , VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 1 expressed on endothelial and hematopoietic stem cells , promotes mobilization and recruitment of these cells into the neo angiogenic sites , thereby accelerating the revascularization process . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present investigation shows that although the proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor , Flk 1 , are primarily important for uterine vascular permeability and angiogenesis prior to and during the attachment phase of the implantation process , VEGF in complementation with the angiopoietins and their receptor , Tie 2 , directs angiogenesis during decidualization following implantation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PURPOSE : It has been reported that 17beta estradiol ( E 2 ) may enhance the proliferation of bovine retinal vascular endothelial cells ( BRECs ) by increasing the expression of VEGFR 2 and VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
KDR ( VEGF receptor 2 ) is the major mediator for the hypotensive effect of VEGF . ^^^ VEGF has 2 receptor tyrosine kinases , KDR and Flt 1 . ^^^ The KDR selective mutant induced vascular endothelial cell proliferation comparable to VEGF , whereas the Flt 1 selective mutant had no effect on proliferation . ^^^ Intravenous injection of KDR selective mutant , Flt selective mutant , or VEGF caused a dose related decrease in mean arterial pressure in conscious rats . ^^^ The hypotensive response to KDR selective mutant was significantly less than that to VEGF ( P < 0 . 01 ) but was greater than that to Flt selective mutant ( P < 0 . 01 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF and Flk 1 proteins were lower in hypoplastic lungs from pseudoglandular to alveolar stages than in normal lungs at equivalent developmental time points significant for induction of pulmonary vasculogenesis and angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Neutralizing antibodies against VEGF and blocking antibodies for VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) significantly inhibited but not completely obliterated capillary network formation , suggesting that the VEGF signaling pathway is important but not exclusive and that other fibroblast derived soluble factors and fibroblast endothelial cell contact are essential for endothelial cell survival and differentiation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF ( 121 ) / rGel bound to purified , immobilized Flk 1 , and the binding was competed by VEGF ( 121 ) . ^^^ The VEGF ( 121 ) / rGel fusion construct was highly cytotoxic to endothelial cells overexpressing the KDR / Flk 1 receptor . ^^^ Both VEGF ( 121 ) / rGel and VEGF ( 121 ) stimulated cellular kinase insert domain receptor ( KDR ) phosphorylation . ^^^ Dividing endothelial cells overexpressing KDR were approximately 60 fold more sensitive to VEGF ( 121 ) / rGel than were nondividing cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor fetal liver kinase 1 ( flk 1 ; VEGFR 2 , KDR ) is an endothelial cell specific receptor tyrosine kinase that mediates physiological and pathological angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , a soluble combined truncated form of the fms like tyrosine kinase ( Flt ) and kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) receptor fused to IgG ( VEGF Trap R1R2 ) was administered for 10 d during the follicular phase of the cycle . ^^^ Effects on gene expression of VEGF and its receptors , Flt and KDR , were studied by in situ hybridization . ^^^ VEGF expression in granulosa and thecal cells increased after treatment , whereas Flt and KDR expressions in thecal endothelial cells were markedly decreased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gene expression of adhesion molecules , interleukin 1alpha ( IL 1alpha ) , IL 1beta , monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 , macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha ( MIP 1alpha ) , MIP 2 , transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , Flt 1 , and Flk 1 was enhanced at the wound site . ^^^ In KO mice , an enhancement in angiogenesis , collagen content , and reepithelialization was accelerated with the increased gene expression of TGF beta 1 , CTGF , VEGF , Flt 1 , and Flk 1 at the wound sites , resulting in accelerated wound healing compared with WT mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , VEGF C can have potent effects on blood vessels because its receptor VEGFR 3 is expressed in certain blood vessels and because the fully processed form of VEGF C also binds to the VEGFR 2 of blood vessels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Intracellularly acting small molecule inhibitors of VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) tyrosine kinase dramatically reduced colony formation of HSCs , thus mimicking deletion of the VEGF gene . ^^^ However , blocking VEGF by administering a soluble VEGFR 1 , which acts extracellularly , induced only minor effects . ^^^ Not only ligands selective for VEGF and VEGFR 2 but also VEGFR 1 agonists rescued survival and repopulation of VEGF deficient HSCs , revealing a function for VEGFR 1 signalling during haematopoiesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The immature blood vessels show a relative absence of smooth muscle actin ( SMA ) positive mural cells and express VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 and matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) 9 on their exterior . ^^^ Coexpression of VEGF C and its receptor VEGFR 3 on lymphatic vessels is demonstrated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PTC lumina and the expression of VEGF and its receptor Flk 1 were immunohistochemically detected . ^^^ Concomitantly , labeling of the VEGF receptor Flk 1 in PTC endothelial cells decreased and PTC lumina began to regress , demonstrating endothelial cell apoptosis ( as detected in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP biotin nick end labeling and electron microscopic studies ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its cellular receptor KDR ( VEGFR 2 ) in the bone marrow of patients with acute myeloid leukemia . ^^^ Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its cellular receptor VEGFR 2 have been implicated as the main endothelial pathway required for tumor neovascularization . ^^^ However , the importance of the VEGF / VEGFR 2 system for angiogenesis in hematologic malignancies such as AML remains to be elucidated . ^^^ In 32 patients with newly diagnosed untreated AML , we observed by immunohistochemical analysis of bone marrow biopsies significantly higher levels of VEGF and VEGFR 2 expression than in 10 control patients ( P < 0 . 001 ) . ^^^ Expression of VEGF and VEGFR 2 was significantly higher in patients with a high degree of microvessel density compared to those with a low degree ( VEGF : P =0 . 024 ; VEGFR 2 : P =0 . 040 ) and correlated well with bone marrow microvessel density ( r ( s ) =0 . 566 and 0 . 609 , respectively ; P < 0 . 001 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As VEGF exerts its effects via two receptors , VEGF receptor 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) and VEGFR 2 , we evaluated the significance of VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 protein levels in AML and myelodysplastic syndrome ( MDS ) , and their relationship to VEGF protein levels . ^^^ We found a significant correlation between VEGF and VEGFR 2 levels in both AML and MDS ( P < 0 . 0000001 andP < 0 . 0002 respectively ) but not between VEGF and VEGFR 1 levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor [ fms like tyrosine kinase ( Flt 1 and fetal liver kinase 1 ( Flk 1 ) ] response to acute exercise . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In both models , expression of VEGF correlated with expression of mRNAs encoding other angiogenic cytokines ( angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 ) , endothelial cell receptor tyrosine kinases ( Flt 1 , KDR , Tie 1 ) , and endothelial cell adhesion molecules ( VE cadherin , PECAM 1 ) . ^^^ Relative to control , in dermis highly stimulated by VEGF , the Ang 2 mRNA transcript numbers increased 35 fold , PECAM 1 and VE cadherin increased 10 fold , Tie 1 increased 8 fold , KDR and Flt 1 each increased 4 fold , and Ang 1 increased 2 fold . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Coprecipitation studies confirmed a direct physical association between VEGF receptor 2 ( Flk 1 ) and the FN integrin , alpha5beta1 , which required intact FN because FN fragments lacking the VEGF binding domains failed to support receptor association . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We performed immunohistochemical analysis using specific antibodies to VEGF and to the known VEGF receptors , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , on paraffin sections of human nasal polyps ( n=11 ) and controls of human mucosa of the normal middle turbinates ( n=6 ) . ^^^ These findings support a role for VEGF and its receptors , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , in the development and perpetuation of edema and angiogenesis in nasal polyps . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of VEGF and of its two high affinity tyrosine kinase receptors ( KDR and Flt 1 ) in neuroblastoma surgical samples and cell lines . ^^^ PROCEDURE : The VEGF , KDR , and Flt 1 mRNA expression in neuroblastoma surgical samples and cell lines was studied by RT PCR . ^^^ It was also possible to demonstrate that the SK N BE cell line expressed VEGF , KDR , and Flt 1 mRNAs as well as biologically active receptors : The cells bound [ ( 125 ) 1 ] VEGF , and their growth was stimulated by exogenous VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During 8 days of culture under 5 % O ( 2 ) , but not room air , the addition of VEGF to explants stimulated the formation of CD 31 positive , Flk 1 positive , Gs IB ( 4 ) positive structures in a concentration dependent manner . ^^^ Our data suggest that low O ( 2 ) upregulates Flk 1 expression in embryonic aorta in vitro and renders it more responsive to VEGF . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hypoxia culture increased the mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , vascular endothelial ( VE ) cadherin , and fetal liver kinase 1 ( Flk 1 ) from 2 . 5 to fivefold in bone marrow cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : The TNP 470 with different concentrations was added to cultured lung adenocarcinoma cell strain AGZY 82A and the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) , p 53 , bcl 2 , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and VEGF receptor Flk 1 of the tumor cells were assessed by immunohistochemical methods . ^^^ RESULTS : The experimental data showed that TNP 470 inhibit the expressions of VEGF and Flk 1 by tumor cells with dose dependence . ^^^ In the group of cells without TNP 470 ( control group ) the expression could rates of VEGF and Flk 1 were 70 . 42 % and 50 % , respectively ; while in the group of cells with 10 ( 7 ) microgram / L TNP 470 , the expression rates of VEGF and Flk 1 decreased to 13 . 2 % and 7 . 2 % , respectively . ^^^ Under the lnfluence of 10 ( 4 ) microgram / L TNP 470 , the expression rates of VEGF , Flk 1 by the tumor cells decreased gradually with prolonging of the action time . ^^^ After 6 hours of action , the expression rate of VEGF decreased to 14 . 4 % and after 12 hours , the expression rate of Flk 1 decreased to 6 . 2 % . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The sites of expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and of KDR , its endothelial cell receptor , were investigated in leprosy reaction Type 1 , or reversal reaction ( RR ) , by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization . ^^^ In comparison with nonreactional leprosy , overexpression of both VEGF and KDR was seen in granuloma cells , especially epithelioid and foreign body type giant cells , the epithelium and the vascular endothelium of RR specimens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : In this study , we analyzed the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors ( VEGFR ) 1 / 2 and its ligand VEGF in AML cell lines and characterized the inhibitory activity of the protein tyrosine kinase ( PTK ) inhibitor SU 5614 on human endothelial and leukemic cells . ^^^ Although SU 5614 was a potent inhibitor of the VEGF induced endothelial cell sprouting in vitro , the sensitivity of leukemic cells toward the growth inhibitory activity of the compound was determined by the c kit , but not by the VEGFR 1 / 2 expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) has a tyrosine kinase domain , and , once activated , induces the phosphorylation of cytoplasmic signaling proteins . ^^^ The phosphorylated VEGFR 2 may be a substrate for intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatases ( PTPs ) which prevent VEGF signaling . ^^^ The inhibitor promoted the VEGF induced proliferation and migration of HUVEC by inhibiting the dephosphorylation of VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since factors regulating angiogenesis in tendons are largely unknown , we analyzed the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors VEGFR 1 ( flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( KDR ) in human fetal and adult tendon tissue by immunohistochemical , biochemical , and molecular biology methods . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although tumor angiogenesis in breast cancer is complex , the VEGF / vascular endothelial growth factor receptor ( VEGFR ) system provides a useful model for testing new angiogenesis inhibitors that target this pathway . ^^^ The VEGF / VEGFR system provides a number of opportunities for therapeutic intervention in breast cancer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tumor vessels positive for VEGF D were also positive for its receptors , VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) and / or VEGFR 3 but negative for VEGF D mRNA , indicating that VEGF D is secreted by tumor cells and subsequently associates with endothelium via receptor mediated uptake . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CGN incubated at 5 % O 2 for 9 hr showed increased levels of the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , the VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) , phosphorylated Akt / protein kinase B ( PKB ) , and extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 ( ERK 1 ) . ^^^ Incubation with a neutralizing anti VEGF antibody , a monoclonal antibody to VEGFR 2 , wortmannin , or antisense Akt / PKB , but not treatment with U 0126 , an ERK inhibitor , reverted the resistance acquired by hypoxic preconditioning . ^^^ Our data are indicating a sequential requirement for VEGF / VEGFR 2 activation and Akt / PKB phosphorylation for neuronal survival mediated by hypoxic preconditioning and propose VEGF as a hypoxia induced neurotrophic factor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibition of VEGF receptor Flk 1 did not affect arthritis or atherosclerosis , indicating that inhibition of Flk 1 driven angiogenesis alone was not sufficient to halt disease progression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) activates endothelial cells , in part , by interacting with the kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) receptor tyrosine kinase . ^^^ VEGF treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVECs ) and KDR transfected porcine aortic endothelial cells leads to the rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of FRS 2 . ^^^ FRS 2 is associated constitutively with KDR , and VEGF treatment has no effect on this interaction . ^^^ VEGF treatment of KDR expressing cells leads to the recruitment of Nck , p 21 activated kinase , Crk , Grb 2 , and protein kinase C l to FRS 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Dietary CLA decreased serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and whole mammary gland levels of VEGF and its receptor Flk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MATERIALS AND METHODS : We investigated intratumoral microvessel density ( MVD ) , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor flk 1 , and serum VEGF in 46 patients with breast cancer prior to surgery . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine whether disruption of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) signaling in the newborn has long term effects on lung structure and function , we injected 1 day old newborn rat pups with a single dose of Su 5416 , a VEGFR inhibitor , or vehicle ( controls ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This positive interaction was further supported by a transient increase in cytosolic free calcium concentration ( [ Ca ( 2+ ) ] ( 1 ) ) by VEGF after pretreatment with either CsA or MeVal 4 CsA and an increase in the expression and synthesis of VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^ Of functional importance , blockade of the interaction between VEGF and VEGFR 2 by a VEGFR 2 mAb abolished the cytoprotective effect of CsA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the response of orthotopic prostate cancer xenografts and prostate cancer bone metastasis to anti VEGF receptor ( flk 1 ) antibody ( DC 101 ) treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At different stages of tumor growth , the histological aspects were described and sections were immunostained for VEGF , Ang 2 and their receptors VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 and Tie 2 . ^^^ Immunostaining with VEGF ( on tumoral cells ) and VEGFR 2 ( on endothelial cells ) was present after 8 days of tumor growth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three anti VEGF agents were tested : an anti human VEGF ( 165 ) RNA based fluoropyrimidine aptamer ; a monoclonal anti human VEGF antibody ; and VEGF Trap , a composite decoy receptor based on VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 fused to an Fc segment of IgG 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The VEGF receptor KDR / Flk 1 ( a kinase domain receptor ) mediates various biological activities of VEGF related to proliferation , differentiation , and migration of endothelial cells . ^^^ By interfering with the VEGF KDR interaction , the peptide K 237 inhibited proliferation of cultured primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by recombinant human VEGF ( 165 ) in a dose dependent and cell type specific manner . ^^^ Taken together , these findings suggest that the peptide K 237 can functionally disrupt the interaction between VEGF and the KDR receptor and cause potent biological effects that include the inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor growth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although VEGF can bind to several cell surface receptors , VEGF receptor type 2 ( VEGFR 2 , a . k . a . ^^^ To determine whether the VEGF VEGFR 2 signaling axis has an important role in wound healing angiogenesis , we used a retrovirus to deliver a signaling defective truncated VEGFR 2 ( tm VEGFR 2 ) to block VEGF VEGFR 2 induced endothelial cell proliferation in murine wounds . ^^^ KDR or flk 1 ) is the primary receptor responsible for VEGF induced endothelial cell proliferation . ^^^ KDR or flk 1 ) is the primary receptor responsible for VEGF induced endothelial cell proliferation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During early fetal angiogenesis , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) and fms like tyrosine kinase 1 ( Flt 1 ) are required for the development of the systemic vasculature . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Targeted disruption of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) or its receptor kdr ( flk 1 , VEGFR 2 ) in mouse embryos results in a severe reduction of all blood vessels , while the complete loss of flt 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) leads to an increased number of hemangioblasts and a disorganized vasculature . ^^^ Overexpression of vegf ( 121+165 ) led to the formation of additional vessels only in sibling larvae , not in flk 1 mutants . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We therefore quantified and differentiated the angiogenic factor VEGF and its receptors ( VEGFR ) in a rat fracture model by immunohistochemical , biochemical and molecular biological methods . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interleukin 1alpha promotes angiogenesis in vivo via VEGFR 2 pathway by inducing inflammatory cell VEGF synthesis and secretion . ^^^ The angiogenic effect of IL 1a was blocked when the mice were treated with VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) neutralizing antibodies . ^^^ These observations indicate that IL 1alpha induces angiogenesis by activating the VEGF VEGFR 2 signaling pathway between inflammatory cells and blood vessel endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our prior studies show that multiple myeloma ( MM ) cell lines and patient cells express high affinity vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor ( VEGFR ) Flt 1 but not Flk 1 / KDR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The VEGF receptors fetal liver kinase 1 ( Flk 1 ) and Fms like tyrosine kinase 1 ( Flt 1 ) become highly expressed in epithelial tumor and endothelial cells in the mammary carcinomas , suggesting a potential autocrine effect for VEGF on tumor cell growth . ^^^ However , mRNA levels of a variety of proangiogenic factors ( VEGF , VEGF receptors Flk 1 and Flt 1 , angiopoietin 2 , Tie 1 , cadherin 5 and PECAM ) were significantly decreased in the endostatin treated group compared with controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated expression of the angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor KDR / Flk 1 in 103 human pituitary tumors , and we assessed functional relationships between these genes in vitro . ^^^ In vitro , PTTG induced VEGF , but not KDR , expression in fetal neuronal NT 2 cells ( 2 . 7 fold , P < 0 . 001 , n = 8 ) , MCF 7 breast carcinoma cells ( 1 . 9 fold , P = 0 . 03 , n = 10 ) , and choriocarcinoma JEG 3 cells ( P = 0 . 0002 , n = 8 ) . ^^^ Overall , our findings implicate altered VEGF and KDR signaling in pituitary tumorigenesis , and we propose that PTTG stimulation of FGF 2 and VEGF expression in the presence of up regulated growth factor receptors may account for angiogenic growth and progression of human pituitary tumors . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study demonstrates that 17beta estradiol , but not progesterone , increases vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor ( VEGFR ) expression on human myometrial MEC measured using biotin recombinant human ( rh ) VEGF ( 165 ) and flow cytometry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial ( HUVE ) cells with vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) leads to the recruitment of Sck to the KDR VEGF receptor and an enhanced Sck tyrosine phosphorylation . ^^^ Sck is recruited to KDR tyrosine 1175 , as co immunoprecipitation of KDR and Sck is not observed in VEGF treated porcine aortic endothelial cells expressing a receptor mutated at this autophosphorylation site . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of mRNA for the different VEGF splice forms and for VEGF receptors KDR and FLT 1 was analysed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) . ^^^ The results of our study suggest that the splice forms VEGF 121 and VEGF 165 and the receptors KDR and FLT 1 of the known angiogenetic peptide VEGF play a role in process of endochondral ossification . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To document the pattern of expression of the two angiogenic growth factors , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) B and VEGF C , and of their receptors , VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , and VEGFR 3 , in order to investigate their possible role in the regulation of angiogenesis in normal cycling human endometrium . ^^^ RESULTS : Vascular endothelial growth factor and VEGF C and their receptors were all expressed in and around endometrial blood vessels , with no obvious menstrual cycle dependent changes in expression except for VEGFR 2 , which showed stronger expression during the early secretary phase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SU 5416 is a small molecule antiangiogenic agent that inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) stimulation of the KDR tyrosine kinase receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In both amnion and choriodecidua , the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and the angiopoietin receptor , Tie 2 , were greater with term spontaneous labor than with term not in labor ( P < . 05 ) ; increased VEGF receptor 2 ( flk 1 ) expression was observed in term spontaneous labor choriodecidua ( P < . 05 ) but not amnion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors , kinase insert domain containing region ( KDR ) and fms like tyrosine kinase ( Flt ) mRNA , were localized and quantified in in situ hybridization . ^^^ No major differences were found in expression of VEGF , Flt , or KDR in these CL . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CAI prevented neither activation of VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) ( KDR / Flk 1 ) , phospholipase C g , or mitogen activated protein kinase ( MAP kinase ) nor translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cells ( NFAT ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results on Northern blot analysis clearly indicated a time dependent ( 0 24h ) inhibition by curcumin of VEGF , angiopoietin 1 and 2 gene expression in EAT cells , VEGF and angiopoietin 1 gene expression in NIH3T3 cells , and KDR gene expression in HUVECs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we designed an mRNA cleaving oligodeoxynucleotide that targets the VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) transcript ( VEGFR 2 DNAzyme ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A semiquantitative evaluation of the labeling revealed an induction of genes encoding EPAS 1 , VEGF , VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , endothelin receptor , type B ( ETB ) and endothelin receptor , type A ( ETA ) in malignant pheochromocytomas as compared to benign tumors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Integrins are essential for the mechanical activation of Flk 1 by shear stress but not for the chemical activation of Flk 1 by VEGF . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We used RT PCR to examine gene expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 ( NOS 2 ) , nitric oxide synthase 3 ( NOS 3 ) , endothelin , and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its flk 1 receptor ( VEGF R ) in main pulmonary arteries and in intraparenchymal arteries microdissected from alcohol fixed paraffin blocks . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , with the aim of elucidating the mechanisms of vascular involvement during brain impairment in Duchenne muscular distrophy ( DMD ) , we have correlated the vascular density with VEGF and VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) expression in the brain cortex of normal and mdx mouse , an animal model with a genetic defect in a region homologous with the human DMD gene . ^^^ Results showed that in mdx mouse , tissue area occupied by microvessels positive to factor 8 related antigen and VEGFR 2 increased in parallel to the tissue area occupied by neurons positive to VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is a key regulator for placental angiogenesis and vascular functions via activating two high affinity tyrosine kinase receptors , VEGF receptor 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) and 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^ Recently , a specific VEGF 165 receptor , neuropilin 1 ( NP 1 ) , was also identified in endothelial cells and upon VEGF binding , NP 1 , synergistically with VEGFR 2 , enhances VEGF induced cell proliferation and migration . ^^^ Using PCR analysis , we also identified partial sequences of multiple VEGF isoforms ( VEGF 188 , 183 , 164 , and 120 ) as well as VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , and neuropilin 2 ( NP 2 ) from the OFPAE cell cDNA library . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study demonstrates that TNF downregulates the VEGF receptor , fetal liver kinase 1 ( Flk 1 ) , on tumor endothelium in a human melanoma xenograft model . ^^^ NIH 1286 human melanoma cells were transduced with a 720 bp fragment of the human VEGF ( 121 ) gene to develop well vascularized tumors that served as an amplified system for measuring Flk 1 expression changes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression / function of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptors ( VEGFR1 / Flt1 and VEGFR2 / KDR / Flk1 ) in hematopoiesis is under scrutiny . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we investigated the dose dependent effects of VEGF on the differentiation of ES cell derived fetal liver kinase 1 ( Flk 1 ) / VEGF receptor 2 ( + ) ( VEGFR 2 ( + ) ) mesodermal cells into ECs on type 4 collagen under a chemically defined serum free condition . ^^^ VEGF requirement was greater at late than at early phase of culture during EC development , whereas response of VEGFR 2 ( + ) cells to VEGF E , which is a virus derived ligand for VEGFR 2 but not for Flt 1 / VEGFR1 , was not dose sensitive even at late phase of culture . ^^^ These results suggested that greater requirement of VEGF in the maintenance than induction of ECs was due to the activity of VEGFR 1 sequestering VEGF from VEGFR 2 signal . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Neuropilin 1 ( NP 1 ) is a receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor 165 ( VEGF 165 ) and acts as a coreceptor that enhances the function of VEGF 165 through VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^ We recently reported that clustered soluble NP 1 phosphorylates VEGFR 2 on endothelial cells with a low dose of VEGF 165 and rescues the defective vascularity of the NP 1 / embryo in vitro and in vivo . ^^^ Here we show that NP 1 is expressed by CD45+ hematopoietic cells in the fetal liver , can bind VEGF 165 , and phosphorylates VEGFR 2 on endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , addition of soluble VEGFR 2 , a receptor for VEGF family members A , C , D , and E , inhibited tube formation by only 43 % . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CONCLUSION : The imbalanced expression of VEGF and its vascular receptors suggest that the compensatory efforts to angiogenesis fail in SSc , in part due to insufficient local production of VEGF , which was low compared to VEGFR expression . ^^^ Since microvascular angiogenic stimuli normally induce first VEGF and then VEGFR , these findings also suggest that the angiogenic cascade is turned on , but there is a defect in the finalization of its effects . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since these pathological conditions are associated with the infiltration of microglial cells , we investigated the expression of VEGF receptors ( VEGFR ) and possible effects of VEGF on cultivated microglial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : This study evaluated the relative roles of the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptors KDR and Flt 1 in the mediation of altered gene expression elicited by VEGF . ^^^ METHODS AND RESULTS : We used mutants of VEGF selective for the KDR and Flt 1 receptors to differentiate gene expression patterns mediated by wild type VEGF ( VEGFwt ) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : The binding of VEGF to its receptor , KDR , is necessary and sufficient to induce the gene expression profile induced by this growth factor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blot analysis also indicated that there is no difference in the levels of proteins which are directly involved in angiogenesis , such as VEGF , Flt 1 , and Flk 1 , between cells transfected with vector , p33ING1 , and antisense p33ING1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
AIM : The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors KDR and Flt 1 by gastric carcinoma tissues and different gastric carcinoma cell lines was detected to elucidate the molecular mechanism of this growth factor in promoting tumor growth . ^^^ METHODS : The expression of VEGF , Flt 1 and KDR was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) in gastric cancer cell lines RF 1 , RF 48 , AGS 1 , NCI N 87 , NCI SNU 1 , NCI SNU 5 , NCI SNU 16 and KATO 3 . ^^^ RESULTS : All 8 gastric cancer cell lines analyzed expressed VEGF ( 121 ) and VEGF ( 165 ) and six of them expressed both Flt 1 and KDR , while cell line NCI SNU 5 expressed Flt 1 only and cell line KATOIII expressed neither Flt 1 nor KDR . ^^^ The exogenous VEGF stimulated the growth of KDR positive cell lines NCI N 87 and AGS 1 in a dose dependent manner but exhibited no effect on the growth of KDR negative cell line NCI N 87 . ^^^ CONCLUSION : VEGF and its receptors KDR and Flt 1 were expressed widely in gastric carcinoma cells and the VEGF stimulated KDR positive tumor cell growth directly . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Granulosa cells and thecal tissues in small ( diameter , < 4 mm ) , medium ( diameter , 4 5 mm ) , or large ( diameter , > 5 mm ) individual follicles were collected for detection of mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) 120 , VEGF 164 , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) , and epidermal growth factor ( EGF ) in granulosa cells and fms like tyrosine kinase ( Flt 1 ) , fetal liver kinase ( Flk 1 ) or the murine homologue of kinase domain region ( KDR ) , bFGF receptor ( bFGF R ) , and EGF receptor ( EGF R ) in thecal tissue by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We determined their abilities to inhibit the protein expression and phosphorylation of Flk 1 , a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor ( VEGF ) , and VEGF biological effects on endothelial cell proliferation , migration , and platelet activating factor synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor family in mammals contains three members , VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) , VEGFR 2 ( KDR / Flk 1 ) and VEGFR 3 ( Flt 4 ) , which directly regulate the formation of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels . ^^^ Recently , some novel findings on the phylogenetical conservation of VEGF receptor genes in animals were reported : the conservation of the VEGFR1 / soluble VEGFR 1 gene in birds , and the conservation of the VEGFR PDGFR like receptor gene in nonvertebrates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor Flk 1 / KDR play an important role in vascular permeability and tumor angiogenesis . ^^^ Prompted by the hypothesis that VEGF / Flk 1 system may have regulatory roles in breast carcinogenesis , we investigated the expression of Flk 1 in 141 invasive breast carcinomas in correlation with clinical and immunohistochemical prognostic parameters , including proliferation indices like Ki 67 and Topoisomerase IIalpha ( Topo IIalpha ) . ^^^ In conclusion , the significant correlation of Flk 1 expression in invasive breast carcinomas with proliferation indices like Ki 67 and topo IIalpha suggests that VEGF may exert a growth factor activity on mammary cancer cells through its receptor Flk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have investigated the expression patterns of VEGF , placental growth factor ( PlGF ) , and their receptors fms like tyrosine kinase ( Flt 1 ) and kinase insert domain containing region ( KDR ) in placentas with histopathological changes . ^^^ In the villi with characteristic hypoxic / ischemic changes ( HIC ) , including increased syncytial knots , infarction , or hypercapillarization , intense immunostaining for VEGF was detected in the media of blood vessels , and increased staining for KDR was demonstrated in the endothelial cells . ^^^ These findings suggested that in the hypoxic / ischemic regions , VEGF and KDR expression is increased within the villous vessels by paracrine regulation , whereas the expression of PlGF and Flt 1 is enhanced in villous trophoblasts by autocrine regulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Serum vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , histological , immunohistochemical [ factor 8 related antigen / von Willebrand factor ( fVIII ra / vWf ) ] , VEGF , VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) , glutathione S transferase pi , S phase ( BrdU ) , p 53 , apoptosis , and ultrastructural evaluations were performed on the liver . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Adenovirus mediated delivery of a soluble form of the VEGF receptor Flk 1 delays the growth of murine and human pancreatic adenocarcinoma in mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The data were insufficient to determine the prognostic value of VEGF in SCLC and that of its two receptors Flt 1 and KDR , with 1 , 2 and 1 published studies respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two readily synthesized anthranilamide , VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been prepared and evaluated as angiogenesis inhibitors . 2 [ ( 4 Pyridyl ) methyl ] amino N [ 3 ( trifluoromethyl ) phenyl ] benzamide ( 5 ) and N 3 isoquinolinyl 2 [ ( 4 pyridinylmethyl ) amino ] benzamide ( 7 ) potently and selectively inhibit recombinant VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 kinases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) induces angiogenesis by stimulating endothelial cell proliferation and migration , primarily through the receptor tyrosine kinase VEGF receptor 2 ( Flk1 / KDR ) . ^^^ Antioxidants , including N acetylcysteine ( NAC ) , various NAD ( P ) H oxidase inhibitors , and N17Rac1 significantly attenuate not only VEGF induced KDR tyrosine phosphorylation but also proliferation and migration of ECs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : After cell culture of ES cells in methylcellulose for 4 days , the cells expressing Flk 1 ( VEGF receptor 2 ) , a tentative marker of hemangioblasts , were increased , whereas cells expressing CD 31 ( PECAM 1 ) and E cadherin ( nonmesodermal adhesion molecule ) were dramatically reduced . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Thirty one specimens were resected from patients with neuroblastoma and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , and its receptor ( Flk 1 ) was examined using immunohistochemistry . ^^^ In addition , they examined the expression and location of VEGF and Flk 1 mRNA in 10 primary neuroblastoma using in situ hybridization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have shown that cyclic stretch of either cell type increases VEGF , and that endothelial cells respond to stretch by up regulation of VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) , and Tie 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors , the fms like tyrosine 1 ( flt 1 ) and kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) in endometrial carcinoma and investigate the functions of VEGF and its receptors for endometrial carcinoma angiogenesis and its relation to the grade of tumor . ^^^ METHODS : Immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization technique were used to measure the level of VEGF , flt 1 , KDR protein and mRNA in endometrial carcinoma tissue from 23 patients and endometrial samples from 6 normal menopausal women . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : The expression pattern of VEGF , flt 1 and KDR protein and mRNA increased with the increase of tumor grade in endometrial carcinoma indicates that VEGF and its receptors contribute to the neovascularization of tumors and is one of the factors that relate to rapid tumor growth of endometrial carcinoma . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interaction between vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its cognate receptors , KDR / Flk 1 and Flt 1 , of vascular endothelial cells is expected to induce an angiogenesis `` switch ' ' in tumors and other angiogenesis associated diseases . ^^^ In this study , we first observed that SU 5416 inhibited Flt 1 tyrosine kinase activity at similar doses , in addition to inhibiting KDR / Flk 1 tyrosine kinase activity in response to VEGF . ^^^ SU 5416 inhibited cell migration of human vascular endothelial cells expressing both Flt 1 and KDR in response to VEGF and also inhibited the cell migration in response to placenta growth factor ( PIGF ) , a specific ligand for Flt 1 . ^^^ The antiangiogenic effects by this VEGF receptor targeting compound appeared to be mediated through interference not only with KDR / Flk 1 but also with Flt 1 . ^^^ Cell migration of vascular endothelial cells and monocytic cells through Flt 1 , thus , might play a key role in VEGF induced tumor angiogenesis in concert with KDR / Flk 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While continued expression of VEGF and PDGF are associated with benign tumor phenotypes , activation of VEGFR 2 is a hallmark of malignant tumors and accompanies ongoing angiogenesis and tumor invasion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have coupled two of these therapeutic approaches , gene therapy and antiangiogenic therapy and tested them in two murine prostate cancer models Recombinant adenovirus encoding the ligand binding ectodomain of the VEGF receptor 2 ( Flk 1 ) fused to an Fc domain was administered to SCID mice carrying orthotopic human LNCaP tumors as well as to transgenic ( TRAMP ) mice with spontaneous prostate tumors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The biological significance of VEGF , EGF , and bFGF is mediated by their receptors , which belong to the family of tyrosine kinase receptors : Flt 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) , KDR ( VEGFR 2 ) , EGFR , FGFR 1 , FGFR 2 , FGFR 3 , and FGFR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In diabetic Ren 2 , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and VEGFR 2 mRNA were increased in retinae and irides and reduced with LIS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Src kinase becomes preferentially associated with the VEGFR , KDR / Flk 1 , following VEGF stimulation of vascular endothelial cells . ^^^ However , to date , it has not been determined which VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) is involved in binding to and activating Src kinase following VEGF stimulation of the receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We evaluated the ex vivo expression of IGF 1 , VEGF , and their receptors ( IGF IR , Flt 1 , and KDR ) in human penile cavernosal smooth muscle cells ( HCSMCs ) to identify cellular and molecular pathways involved in the regulation of penile tissue vascularity . ^^^ To evaluate gene expression of VEGF , Flt 1 , and KDR , total RNA was extracted from cavernosal cells and subjected to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) using custom synthesized primers . ^^^ RT PCR evaluation revealed the expression of four splice variants of VEGF messenger RNA ( VEGFs 121 , 145 , 165 , and 189 ) and two of its receptors ( Flt 1 and KDR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study was designed to explore the gene coexpression pattern of VEGF and its receptors ( Flt 1 and KDR ) in variety of human malignant cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) by tumor derived VEGF represents a key event in the initiation of angiogenesis . ^^^ In this work , we report that VEGFR 2 is localized in endothelial caveolae , associated with caveolin 1 , and that this complex is rapidly dissociated upon stimulation with VEGF . ^^^ The kinetics of caveolin 1 dissociation correlated with those of VEGF dependent VEGFR 2 tyrosine phosphorylation , suggesting that caveolin 1 acts as a negative regulator of VEGF R 2 activity . ^^^ Interestingly , we observed that in an overexpression system in which VEGFR 2 is constitutively active , caveolin 1 overexpression inhibits VEGFR 2 activity but allows VEGFR 2 to undergo VEGF dependent activation , suggesting that caveolin 1 can confer ligand dependency to a receptor system . ^^^ Removal of caveolin and VEGFR 2 from caveolae by cholesterol depletion resulted in an increase in both basal and VEGF induced phosphorylation of VEGFR 2 , but led to the inhibition of VEGF induced ERK activation and endothelial cell migration , suggesting that localization of VEGFR 2 to these domains is crucial for VEGF mediated signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHOD : VEGF and its receptor , fetal liver kinase 1 ( flk 1 ) expression were examined by immunohistochemistry using SP method in sections of NIPs from 11 patients and inferior turbinates from 6 patients with chronic simple rhinitis . ^^^ Gray scale , a half quantitative parameter , was used to describe the expression of VEGF and flk 1 . ^^^ The expressions of both VEGF and flk 1 in vascular endothelium were more intense in NIPs than that in inferior turbinates ( P < 0 . 001 , P < 0 . 001 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Training produced initial three to sixfold increases in VEGF , VEGF receptors ( KDR and Flt ) , the angiopoietin receptor ( Tie 2 ) , and endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA , which dissipated before the increase in capillarity , and a substantial ( 30 to 50 fold ) but transient upregulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Efforts to therapeutically stimulate or inhibit vessel growth have been primarily focused on vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor VEGFR 2 ( Flk 1 ) , while little attention has been devoted to the therapeutic potential for angiogenic disorders of placental growth factor ( PlGF ) , a VEGF family member , and its receptor VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF is a secreted growth factor that mediates its biological effects by binding to two transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Blockade of in vivo VEGF KDR / flk 1 signaling does not affect revascularization of freely transplanted pancreatic islets . ^^^ Animals were treated daily with the VEGF KDR / flk 1 antagonist SU 5416 ( 25 mg / kg intraperitoneally ) or received vehicle for control . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Because blockade of VEGF KDR / flk 1 function does not affect islet revascularization , we conclude that VEGF signaling through its high affinity receptor KDR / flk 1 is not an essential prerequisite for the process of new vessel formation in freely transplanted islets of Langerhans . . ^^^ BACKGROUND : The aim of this study was to analyze the role of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) binding to its high affinity receptor kinase insert domain ( KDR ) containing receptor / fetal liver kinase ( flk ) 1 in mediating revascularization of freely transplanted pancreatic islets in vivo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : To clarify the clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors , VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( Flk 1 ) , in esophageal cancers , we evaluated the relationships between the expression of VEGF and its receptors , tumor microvessel density ( MVD ) , clinicopathological factors and prognosis . ^^^ Although VEGF expression correlated significantly with the MVD ( p < 0 . 05 ) , the correlations between VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 expression and the MVD were not significant . ^^^ There were , however , significant intercorrelations in expression between VEGF , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 . ^^^ However , although VEGF expression correlates significantly with coexpression of its receptors , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , these receptors do not appear to contribute directly to tumor progression . ^^^ Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors ( Flt 1 and Flk 1 ) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A number of clinical and experimental studies suggest that tumor induced lymphangiogenesis driven by vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) C and / or VEGF D induced activation of VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 3 may promote metastasis to regional lymph nodes . ^^^ Firstly , ectopic expression of a soluble VEGFR 3 receptor globulin protein in MT 450 tumor cells that are highly metastatic via the lymphatics blocked VEGF C and VEGF D activity and suppressed metastasis formation in both the regional lymph nodes and the lungs . ^^^ Secondly , ectopic expression in the weakly metastatic NM 081 cell line of a mutant form of VEGF C that is only able to activate VEGFR 3 strongly promoted metastasis of these cells to the regional lymph nodes and lung . ^^^ These data show that expression of VEGF C and VEGF D in tissue culture does not reflect expression in vivo and that activation of VEGFR 3 in the absence of VEGFR 2 activation is sufficient to promote tumor induced lymphangiogenesis and metastasis , and they support the notion that blockade of VEGFR 3 activation will be useful as a novel form of cancer therapy . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mouse embryos mutant for the VEGF receptor , VEGFR 2 , Flk 1 , or Kdr , fail to form both endothelial and hematopoietic cells , suggesting a possible role in a common progenitor to both lineages . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effects of testosterone on VEGF and FLK 1 protein expression in the ventral prostate of rat ] . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : To investigate the effects of testosterone on VEGF and FLK 1 protein expression in the ventral prostate of Rat . ^^^ The histological changes were observed with the use of HE staining , and the protein expression of VEGF , FLK 1 were measured by immunohistochemical test . ^^^ In the castrated group , the proteins of VEGF , FLK 1 were positive in growth active epithelium and vascular endothelium ; the weight of prostate decreased ( P < 0 . 05 ) ; the histological appearance was epithelial atrophy , and there was significantly decreased protein expression of VEGF , FLK 1 in the prostatic epithelium ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ And a gradually increased protein expression of VEGF , FLK 1 in the prostatic epithelium was detected ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated the presence of transcripts encoding VEGF receptors ( VEGFR ) 1 , 2 , and 3 as well as neuropilins 1 and 2 in the trophoblast cells , and the presence of transcripts encoding VEGFR 2 and neuropilins 1 and 2 in the breast carcinoma cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To account for reproductive failure induced by surgical deletion of paternal accessory sex glands in the golden hamster in vivo , we studied expression of vegf , FLT 1 ( VEGF R 1 ) , FLK 1 ( VEGF R 2 ) , MMP and TGF beta in endometrium of the dam and sired embryos during 5 7 days post coitum by immunohistochemistry , in situ hybridisation , semiquantitative RT PCR and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Similarly , antibodies to VEGF receptor ( VEGFR 2 ) and VEGF C receptor ( VEGFR 3 ) were synergistic in inhibiting mesothelioma cell growth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The purpose of this study was to detect local mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor , flk 1 , in the glomeruli of normal rat kidneys using the LMD system . ^^^ Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) revealed the local mRNA expression of three isoforms of VEGF , flk 1 and GAPDH in the glomeruli . ^^^ Moreover , the real time PCR was performed to evaluate the experimental condition for quantification of VEGF and flk 1 mRNA expression using this system , and the results showed that at least 10 glomeruli might be needed for quantifying local VEGF mRNA expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cellular distribution of VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 suggests various specific functions of the VEGF family in normal retina , both in the retinal vasculature and in neuronal elements . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , we used the VEGF homologue placenta growth factor ( PlGF ) , which only binds to VEGFR 1 and VEGF E , which only recognizes VEGFR 2 . ^^^ Evaluation of collateral growth by determining collateral conductance and angiographic scores demonstrated that the VEGFR 1 specific PlGF contributed significantly more to arteriogenesis than the VEGFR 2 specific VEGF E . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its specific receptors FLT 1 and FLK 1 represent an important ligand receptor system involved in angiogenesis and permeability . ^^^ A complete VEGF system was found in endometrial tissue using RT PCR detecting the main VEGF isoform 188 aa , FLT 1 and FLK 1 . ^^^ Immunohistochemistry revealed FLK 1 and VEGF proteins in glandular and luminal epithelia of the endometrium with emphasized staining after P and P + EB treatment of ovx pigs . ^^^ Summarized , altered VEGF and FLK 1 expression during the implantation period as well as under steroid hormones suggest this growth factor as a potent regulator of hyperpermeability supporting the angiogenic process in porcine endometrium . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Among these is vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , which acts on endothelial cells by binding with 2 specific receptors , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 . ^^^ The aims of this study were to evaluate the expression of VEGF , VEGFR 1 , and VEGFR 2 in digestive endocrine tumors and to examine its correlation with MVD and malignancy . ^^^ A total of 84 specimens from endocrine neoplasms and normal gut and pancreatic tissue were immunohistochemically studied using specific antibodies directed against VEGF , VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , endothelial antigens , and gastroenteropancreatic hormones . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MATERIAL AND METHODS : We have measured the expression of angiogenesis regulating genes angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 2 ) and their receptor Tie 2 , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 in sorted population of CD34+ and CD34+ / CD133+ cells from human cord blood and bone marrow , and in their differentiating progeny , using real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) isoforms and its receptors , Flt 1 and KDR , was investigated during the period of peri implantation in mink , a species that displays obligate embryonic diapause . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is not known , however , whether the action of gonadotropins also includes up regulation of the VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) and whether increased VP is also found when milder stimulation is used . ^^^ The VP and the expression of whole VEGF and VEGFR 2 mRNAs were analyzed through time course experiments ( 0 , 24 , 48 , and 96 h after hCG ) . ^^^ Although eCG increased VP and the expression of VEGF and VEGFR 2 mRNAs in the ovaries of both mild and OHSS stimulated animals , hCG further augmented these parameters and produced the highest values after 48 h . ^^^ A linear correlation was found between increased expression of VEGF and VEGFR 2 mRNAs and enhanced VP in both mild and OHSS groups . ^^^ Immunohistochemistry showed the presence of VEGF and VEGFR 2 in the granulosa lutein and endothelial cells of the entire corpus luteum . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of the Flk 1 receptor and its ligand VEGF in the developing chick central nervous system . ^^^ The receptor tyrosine kinase Flk 1 is known to mediate signals of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) during vasculogenesis and hematopoiesis . ^^^ During the development of the avascular chick retina , Flk 1 mRNA is detected in the proliferative zone of the neural epithelium , whereas the VEGF ligand is expressed by differentiated retinal ganglion cells . ^^^ Moreover , expression patterns of Flk 1 in the retina are conserved among chick , quail and mouse , thus suggesting a distinct role of Flk 1 and VEGF in the development of the vertebrate central nervous system . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NRP 1 is a co receptor for VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) that enhances the binding of VEGF 165 to VEGFR 2 and VEGF 165 mediated chemotaxis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The VEGF 165 induced proliferation and migration of cells that express the VEGF tyrosine kinase receptor VEGFR 2 is enhanced in the presence of NRP 1 , suggesting that Neuropilins may also form complexes with VEGF tyrosine kinase receptors such as VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Neuropilin 1 ( NRP 1 ) acts as a coreceptor for VEGF 165 and increases its affinity for VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) in endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Antiangiogenic effects of butyric acid involve inhibition of VEGF / KDR gene expression and endothelial cell proliferation . ^^^ The decrease in VEGF mRNA and its receptor , KDR mRNA levels in EAT and endothelial cells respectively , suggests that the VEGF KDR system of angiogenesis is the molecular target for the antiangiogenic action of BuA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Kaposi ' s sarcoma associated herpesvirus G protein coupled receptor immortalizes human endothelial cells by activation of the VEGF receptor 2 / KDR . ^^^ Accordingly , we found that expression of vGPCR in human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVEC ) leads to immortalization with constitutive VEGF receptor 2 / KDR expression and activation . vGPCR immortalization was associated with anti senescence mediated by alternative lengthening of telomeres and an anti apoptotic response mediated by vGPCR constitutive signaling and KDR autocrine signaling leading to activation of the PI3K / AKT pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To detect the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors , the fms like tyrosine ( flt 1 ) , kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) in normal human endometrium during menstrual cycle and investigate the functions of VEGF and its receptors for development and differentiation of human endometrium . ^^^ METHODS : Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques were used to measure the level of VEGF , flt 1 and KDR protein and mRNA in normal endometrium from 50 women . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : VEGF , flt 1 and KDR , including both protein and mRNA , showed a pronounced menstrual cycle dependent expression in cycling endometrium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
According to the known functions of their genes , the clusters were designated as proliferating cell ( CDC 42 , TOP2A , FGFR 3 , MYC , etc . ) , neoangiogenesis and blood cell ( LCK , VAV 1 , KDR , VEGF , MMP 9 , SYK , PTPRS , and FLT 4 ) , invasion 1 and invasion 2 ( ADAM 17 , TRPM 2 , DUSP 6 , VIM , CAV 1 , CAV 2 , JAK 1 , PTPNS 1 , FYN , and PDGFB ) , HER 2 , and PSA / PSM / HER3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of the present study was to investigate if the mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , Fms like tyrosine kinase 1 receptor ( Flt 1 ) and kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) is regulated by shear stress . ^^^ The mRNA expression of VEGF , Flt 1 and KDR was measured with RT PCR . eNOS served as positive control and actin as housekeeping gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is involved in angiogenesis , wound healing , and inflammation and exerts its effect via tyrosine kinase receptors , fms like tyrosine kinase ( Flt 1 ) and fetal liver kinase ( Flk 1 or KDR ) . ^^^ Physiologic and histologic changes were studied in addition to the mRNA expression of VEGF and its receptors Flt 1 and KDR / Flk 1 by Northern blot and the protein expression of VEGF by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining . ^^^ On the other hand , KDR / Flk 1 mRNA expression was modulated in a fashion similar to VEGF . ^^^ Moreover , VEGF probably exerted its effect via the KDR / Flk 1 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) is utilized to measure the VEGF receptors flt 1 , KDR / flk 1 , flt 4 , neuropilin 1 ( NRP 1 ) , and neuropilin 2 ( NRP 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Nevertheless , HGF / NK4 did not affect phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 [ kinase domain region ( KDR ) / foetal liver kinase ( Flk ) 1 ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors ( VEGFR ) have been implicated in promoting solid tumor growth and metastasis via stimulating tumor associated angiogenesis . ^^^ We recently showed that certain ' liquid ' tumors such as leukemia not only produce VEGF , but also express functional VEGFR , resulting in an autocrine loop for tumor growth and propagation . ^^^ A chimeric anti VEGFR 2 ( or kinase insert domain containing receptor , KDR ) antibody , IMC 1C11 , was shown to be able to inhibit VEGF induced proliferation of human leukemia cells in vitro , and to prolong survival of nonobese diabetic severe combined immune deficient ( NOD SCID ) mice inoculated with human leukemia cells . ^^^ Like IMC 1C11 , both human antibodies block VEGF / KDR interaction with an IC ( 50 ) of approximately 1 nM , but IMC 1121 is a more potent inhibitor to VEGF stimulated proliferation of human endothelial cells . ^^^ These anti KDR antibodies strongly inhibited VEGF induced migration of human leukemia cells in vitro , and when administered in vivo , significantly prolonged survival of NOD SCID mice inoculated with human leukemia cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF is a soluble circulating angiogenic molecule that stimulates signaling via receptor tyrosine kinases ( RTKs ) , including VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor Flk 1 / KDR is responsible for the VEGF stimulated nitric oxide ( NO ) production from endothelial cells . ^^^ Here we show that Flk 1 is rapidly down regulated following VEGF stimulation of bovine aortic endothelial cells ( BAECs ) . ^^^ Consequently , VEGF pretreatment of endothelial cells prevents any further stimulation of Flk 1 , resulting in decreased NO production from subsequent VEGF challenges . ^^^ Ubiquitination of RTKs targets them for degradation ; we demonstrate that activation of Flk 1 by VEGF leads to its polyubiquitination in BAECs . ^^^ Furthermore , VEGF stimulation of BAECs or COS 7 cells transiently transfected with Flk 1 results in the phosphorylation of the ubiquitin ligase Cbl , the enhanced association of Cbl with Flk 1 , and the relocalization of Cbl to vesicular structures in BAECs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Studies on endothelial cell cultures further revealed that VEGF stimulated phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) , leading to activation of Rac as well as increased phosphorylation of phospholipase Cgamma ( PLCgamma ) , protein kinase B ( Akt ) , endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ) , and extracellular regulated kinase ( Erk1 / 2 ) . ^^^ We further found that phosphatidylinositol 3 OH kinase ( PI3K ) acted upstream of Rac and Akt eNOS in VEGF / VEGFR 2 signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF interacts with its receptors , VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 1 , expressed on endothelial and hematopoietic stem cells , and thereby promotes recruitment of these cells to neo angiogenic sites , accelerating the revascularization process . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SU 5416 is antiangiogenic by a specific inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) , and heparins are assumed to bind VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) is expressed on a population of hematopoietic cells , although its role in hematopoiesis is still unclear . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treatment with neutralising anti VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) antibodies against VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 suppressed proliferation of acid exposed A 549 cells but had no effect on control cells . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Exogenous VEGF interacts with VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 on the surface and regulates the proliferation of injured alveolar lining epithelial cells in an autocrine or paracrine fashion . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular permeability factor / vascular endothelial growth factor ( VPF / VEGF ) functions by activating two receptor tyrosine kinases , Flt 1 ( VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 1 ) and KDR ( VEGFR 2 ) , both of which are selectively expressed on primary vascular endothelium . ^^^ Heterotrimeric G alpha q / G alpha 11 proteins function upstream of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor 2 ( KDR ) phosphorylation in vascular permeability factor / VEGF signaling . ^^^ KDR is responsible for VPF / VEGF stimulated endothelial cell proliferation and migration , whereas Flt 1 down modulates KDR mediated endothelial cell proliferation . ^^^ Surprisingly , the Gq / 11 antisense oligonucleotide completely inhibits VPF / VEGF stimulated KDR phosphorylation . ^^^ In addition , a Gbetagamma minigene , hbetaARK 1 ( 495 ) , inhibits VPF / VEGF stimulated HUVEC proliferation , MAPK phosphorylation , and intracellular Ca2+ mobilization but has no effect on KDR phosphorylation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF is a soluble , circulating , angiogenic molecule that acts through receptor tyrosine kinases ( RTK ) , including VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Double staining combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to simultaneously detect the distribution of VEGF receptors ( flt 1 and flk 1 ) in the hippocampal section and isolated neuron . ^^^ Results showed that flt 1 positive staining , but not flk 1 , could be observed on the membrane of the hippocampal neuron in both preparations , suggesting the presence of neuronal membrane VEGF flt 1 receptors in the hippocampus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cardiac myofibroblasts : a novel source of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors Flt 1 and KDR . ^^^ VEGF actions are mediated via two major receptors , Flt 1 and KDR , and hence the expression of these receptors was investigated . ^^^ Flt 1 and KDR expression in myoFb was detected by RT PCR , RNA transcripts were confirmed by northern blot hybridization while western blot confirmed the presence of VEGF , Flt 1 and KDR proteins in myoFb . ^^^ In this study AngII upregulated VEGF and Flt 1 expression in myoFb , but not KDR ; this was mediated predominantly by AT 1 receptor . ^^^ We report for the first time that cardiac myoFb , isolated from the site of infarction express VEGF , its receptors , Flt 1 and KDR , with modulation of VEGF and Flt 1 expression by AngII . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We tested the hypothesis that intravenous infusion of human bone marrow stromal cells ( hMSCs ) promotes vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) secretion , VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) expression and angiogenesis in the ischemic boundary zone ( IBZ ) after stroke . hMSCs ( 1x10 ( 6 ) ) were intravenously injected into rats 24 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAo ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The specific action of the VEGF on the endothelial cells is mainly regulated by two types of RTK of the VEGF family , VEGFR 1 , or Flt 1 , and VEGFR 2 , or KDR / Flk 1 . ^^^ Data described to date from the studies of VEGF / RTK interactions agree to the hypothesis that KDR receptor is the main human receptor responsible for the VEGF activity in both physiological and pathological vascular development , and VEGF KDR signalling pathway has been validated as a priority target for the development of anti and pro angiogenic agents . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ZD 6474 is a p . o . bioavailable , VEGF flk 1 / KDR receptor ( VEGFR 2 ) tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antitumor activity in many human cancer xenografts and is currently in Phase 1 clinical development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PURPOSE : To evaluate the prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) D and VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 3 in endometrial carcinoma . ^^^ EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN : We assessed the levels of immunoreactivity for VEGF D and VEGFR 3 in 71 endometrial carcinomas , 14 complex atypical endometrial hyperplasias , and 16 normal endometria by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ A strong correlation was found between high levels of VEGF D immunoreactivity in carcinoma cells and VEGFR 3 in both carcinoma cells and adjacent endothelial cells . ^^^ Similarly , high levels of VEGF D immunoreactivity in stromal cells were significantly correlated with those of VEGFR 3 in both carcinoma cells and endothelial cells . ^^^ High levels of VEGF D in carcinoma cells and stromal cells , as well as those of VEGFR 3 in carcinoma cells and endothelial cells , were significantly related to myometrial invasion and lymph node metastasis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its interaction with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 [ VEGFR2 / murine fetal liver kinase 1 ( Flk 1 ) , human kinase domain receptor ] are an important angiogenic pathway leading to tumor vascularization . ^^^ A plasmid DNA encoding the complete extracellular domain ( ECD ) of murine Flk 1 including the endogenous signal sequence was designed as a possible competitor of the receptor to sequester VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To inhibit angiogenesis , mice were immunized with dendritic cells ( DCs ) transfected with mRNA that encode products that are preferentially expressed during neoangiogenesis : vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) and Tie 2 expressed in proliferating endothelial cells , and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) expressed in the angiogenic stroma as well as the tumor cells used in this study . ^^^ Immunization of mice against VEGF or VEGFR 2 stimulated cytotoxic T lymphocyte ( CTL ) responses and led to partial inhibition of angiogenesis . ^^^ Antiangiogenic immunity was not associated with morbidity or mortality except for a transient impact on fertility seen in mice immunized against VEGFR 2 , but not VEGF . ^^^ Tumor growth was significantly inhibited in mice immunized against VEGF , VEGFR 2 , and Tie 2 , either before tumor challenge or in the setting of pre existing disease in murine B16 / F10 . 9 melanoma and MBT 2 bladder tumor models . ^^^ Synergism was also observed when mice were coimmunized with various combinations of defined tumor expressed antigens , telomerase reverse transcriptase ( TERT ) or TRP 2 , and VEGF or VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We performed mutational analysis of FLT 3 , c kit , c fms , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptors ( Flt 1 , KDR [ kinase domain receptor ] ) , and ras genes in a group of 91 pediatric patients with AML treated on Children ' s Cancer Group clinical trial CCG 2891 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To further understand the role of VEGF in mediating angiogenesis during human early pregnancy , we employed a rhesus monkey early pregnancy model to study the temporal and spatial expression of VEGF and its receptors , fms like tyrosine kinase ( Flt ) 1 , and kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) mRNAs and proteins in the uteri on day 12 , 18 , and 26 of pregnancy using in situ hybridization , RT PCR , and immunohistochemistry . ^^^ The localization of VEGF in the endothelium correlates with the presence of Flt 1 and KDR receptors on vascular structure . ^^^ Expression of VEGF , Flt 1 , and KDR in the epithelial cells also hints some additionally functional roles of VEGF during early pregnancy . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : We demonstrated that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGF R 2 ) positive cells derived from mouse embryonic stem ( ES ) cells can differentiate into both endothelial cells and mural cells to suffice as vascular progenitor cells ( VPCs ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibition of interaction of VEGFR 2 or VEGFR 3 with VEGF D but not of Tie 2 angiopoietin 1 interaction with soluble receptors abrogated Akt activation and survival of TEC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The treatment of BAE cells with DPA caused the suppression of VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 , the kinase insert domain containing receptor , KDR ) expression in both plastic dish and collagen gel cultures . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interestingly , shear stress ( 20 dyne / cm ( 2 ) ) produced a rapid , marked , and sustained Tie 2 phosphorylation , while it produced a rapid but slight and transient phosphorylation of insulin receptor and VEGF receptor 2 ( Flk 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Placental growth factor ( PlGF ) competes with vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) for binding to VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 1 but does not bind VEGFR 2 . ^^^ This synergy has been hypothesized to be due to a combination of the following : signaling by PlGF through VEGFR 1 and displacement of VEGF from VEGFR 1 to VEGFR 2 by PlGF , causing increased signaling through VEGFR 2 . ^^^ Synergistic effects observed in that experiment thus appear unlikely to be due to VEGF displacement but to a shift from VEGF VEGFR 1 to PlGF VEGFR 1 complexes and an increase in total VEGFR 1 complexes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF and its receptors , the Fms like tyrosine kinase receptor ( FLT 1 , VEGFR 1 ) and the kinase insert domain containing receptor KDR ( VEGFR 2 / FLK 1 ) were detected immunohistochemically . ^^^ The VEGF receptors FLT 1 and KDR could be detected on endothelial cells of blood vessels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Placental growth factor ( PlGF ) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) are involved in placental angiogenesis through interactions with the VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Concentration of IL 6 , TNF alpha , VEGF , and VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) was measured in lung , liver , kidney , and heart . ^^^ After acid aspiration , mice ventilated with high VT manifested lung injury and increased IL 6 and VEGFR 2 in lung , liver , and kidney , whereas VEGF increased only in liver and kidney . ^^^ MV with low VT after acid aspiration attenuated lung injury , both IL 6 and VEGFR 2 expression in lung and systemic organs , and hepatic , but not renal , increased VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our aim was to identify an orally active , selective small molecule kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 with activity against both VEGF induced angiogenesis and vascular permeability . ^^^ Our data indicate that small molecule inhibitors of VEGFR signaling have the potential to ameliorate VEGF induced neovascularization as well as vascular permeability . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Comparing isogenic endothelial cells differing for vascular endothelial cadherin ( VE cadherin ) expression only , we found that the presence of this protein attenuates VEGF induced VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 phosphorylation in tyrosine , p44 / p42 MAP kinase phosphorylation , and cell proliferation . ^^^ VE cadherin truncated in beta catenin but not p 120 binding domain is unable to associate with VEGFR 2 and to induce its inactivation . beta Catenin null endothelial cells are not contact inhibited by VE cadherin and are still responsive to VEGF , indicating that this protein is required to restrain growth factor signaling . ^^^ Upon stimulation with VEGF , VEGFR 2 associates with the complex and concentrates at cell cell contacts , where it may be inactivated by junctional phosphatases such as DEP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The affinity of the fusion proteins for VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) ( K ( d ) =0 . 5 1 . 1 nM ) was similar to that of [ ( 125 ) 1 ] VEGF ( K ( d ) =0 . 5 nM ) ( ELISA ) or slightly higher ( K ( d ) =1 . 3 9 . 6 nM ) ( competitive RIA ) . ^^^ One protein , VEGF ( 115 ) CPG 2 ( Q ) 3 H ( 6 ) , possessed 140 % of the enzymic activity of secreted CPG 2 ( Q ) 3 , and had a faster half maximal binding time for VEGFR 2 ( 77 s ) , than the other candidates ( 330 s ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sections of testes fixed in Bouin solution and embedded in paraffin were subjected to immunofluorescent staining with specific antibodies against VEGF , and its receptors , VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( Flk 1 ) . ^^^ Thus , VEGF may play a potential role in regulating the initial stages of the process of spermatogonial proliferation through VEGFR 2 and spermiogenesis through VEGFR 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of the T 24 bladder tumor cell line reveals a functional autocrine loop involving VEGF and the Flk 1 receptor . ^^^ The Flk 1 receptor in T 24 cells is phosphorylated in response to VEGF 121 or VEGF 165 , and an Flk 1 inhibitor blocks VEGF to ERK signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The biological effects of VEGF are mediated by two receptor tyrosine kinases ( RTKs ) , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , which differ considerably in signaling properties . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine the involvement of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors Flk 1 and Flt 1 in capillary growth in ischaemic skeletal muscle , extensor digitorum longus muscles from hindlimbs of Sprague Dawley rats were studied at 1 , 2 and 5 week intervals after iliac artery ligation . ^^^ During more sustained ischaemia ( femoral ligation 3 weeks after iliac ligation ) , VEGF protein level at 5 weeks was even higher , but Flt 1 and Flk 1 were unchanged from control levels and no capillary growth occurred . ^^^ Intermittent electrical stimulation ( 10 Hz , 7x15 min / day ) of these ischaemic muscles between weeks 3 5 did not elevate VEGF further , but increased Flk 1 by 32 % , decreased Flt 1 by 71 % , and led to significant capillary growth . ^^^ Even when ischaemic muscle VEGF levels are high , capillary growth appears to be dependent on the presence of Flk 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Several measures which might reasonably be included in such a protocol are discussed below , and include : a low fat , low glycemic index vegan diet , which may down regulate the systemic IGF 1 activity that supports angiogenesis ; supplemental omega 3 rich fish oil , which has been shown to inhibit endothelial expression of Flk 1 , a functionally crucial receptor for VEGF , and also can suppress tumor production of pro angiogenic eicosanoids ; high dose selenium , which has recently been shown to inhibit tumor production of VEGF ; green tea polyphenols , which can suppress endothelial responsiveness to both VEGF and fibroblast growth factor ; and high dose glycine , whose recently reported angiostatic activity may reflect inhibition of endothelial cell mitosis , possibly mediated by activation of glycine gated chloride channels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissues adjacent to the infusion / wound site were analyzed for specific vascular and astroglial protein markers and proliferation , necrosis / apoptosis ( via TUNEL staining ) , VEGF , the VEGF receptors flt 1 and flk 1 , and bFGF expression using immunohistochemistry and semi quantitative RT PCR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cord formation in vitro by tumor cells is stimulated by hypoxia and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and inhibited by antibodies against VEGF and the VEGF KDR receptor ( VEGF receptor 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To study the expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor FLT 1 , FLK 1 mRNA in breast cancer tissues and their correlation with clinicopathological factors . ^^^ METHODS : The expression of VEGF and and its receptor FLT 1 , FLK 1 mRNA were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) in the specimens from 47 patients with breast cancer and 11 patients with benign breast disease . ^^^ Moreover , no correlation was observed between the expression of VEGF 121 , VEGF 165 , FLT 1 , FLK 1 mRNA in breast cancer tissues and patients ' age , tumor size , lymph node metastasis , tumor stages , estrogen or progesterone receptor status . ^^^ CONCLUSION : The expression of VEGF and its receptor FLT 1 , FLK 1 mRNA were up regulated in breast cancer tissues , suggesting its important role in angiogenesis of breast cancer . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) manifests its mitogenic and angiogenic effects mainly via VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 / Flk 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Role of PlGF in the intra and intermolecular cross talk between the VEGF receptors Flt 1 and Flk 1 . ^^^ Activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase ( RTK ) Flk 1 by vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is crucial , but molecular interactions of other factors with VEGF and Flk 1 have been studied to a limited extent . ^^^ Here we report that placental growth factor ( PGF , also known as PlGF ) regulates inter and intramolecular cross talk between the VEGF RTKs Flt 1 and Flk 1 . ^^^ Activation of Flt 1 by PGF resulted in intermolecular transphosphorylation of Flk 1 , thereby amplifying VEGF driven angiogenesis through Flk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of the present study was to evaluate vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , fms like tyrosine kinase 1 ( flt 1 ) , and fetal liver kinase ( flk 1 ) expression in the heart of experimental diabetic rats . ^^^ RT PCR was also performed for VEGF receptors flk 1 and flt 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PTK787 / ZK 222584 ( PTK / ZK ) is an oral potent and selective inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) mediated Flt 1 and KDR receptor tyrosine kinases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This proangiogenic effect was not associated with alterations in vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) protein levels nor VEGF or VEGFR 2 mRNA levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Stimulation by either 50 ng / ml VEGF A 165 or by 24 h of anoxia resulted in an altered pattern of receptor expression for VEGF R 2 ( Flk 1 ) , VEGF R 3 ( Flt 4 ) , neuropilin 1 , and neuropilin 2 , whereas VEGF R 1 ( Flt 1 ) remained unexpressed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ADAMTS 1 binds to VEGF and dampens VEGFR 2 phosphorylation . ^^^ The ability of ADAMTS 1 to bind VEGF and functionally inactivate VEGFR 2 is reversible as dissociation of the complex results in active growth factor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Integrin alphavbeta 3 , requirement for VEGFR 2 mediated activation of SAPK2 / p38 and for Hsp 90 dependent phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase in endothelial cells activated by VEGF . ^^^ In this study , we found that addition of VEGF to human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultivated on vitronectin triggers a synergistic interaction between the VEGF receptor VEGFR 2 and the clustered integrin receptor alphavbeta 3 . ^^^ The chaperone Hsp 90 is found in a complex that coprecipitates with inactivated VEGFR 2 , and the association is increased by VEGF and decreased by geldanamycin , a specific inhibitor of Hsp 90 mediated events . ^^^ We conclude that a necessary cross talk should occur between VEGFR 2 and the integrin alphavbeta 3 , to transduce the VEGF signals to SAPK2 / p38 and FAK and that Hsp 90 is instrumental in the building up of focal adhesions by allowing the phosphorylation of FAK and the recruitment of vinculin to VEGFR2 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunoprecipitation studies also showed that VEGF forms a complex with VEGFR 2 only in BREC and not in aortic macrovascular endothelial cells ( BAEC ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , to confirm extraexpression of the VEGF gene after injection , we assessed the expression of two isoforms of VEGF ( VEGF 120 and VEGF 164 ) in granulosa cells and expression of fms like tyrosine kinase ( Flt 1 ) , expression of fetal liver kinase ( Flk 1 ) , and density of capillary networks in theca cells . ^^^ Granulosa cells and thecal tissues in the antral follicles ( diameter , > 4 mm ) were collected to detect the mRNA expression of VEGF isoforms in the granulosa cells and of Flt 1 and Flk 1 in the thecal tissues by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction . ^^^ The Flt 1 , but not the Flk 1 , mRNA expression show a tendency toward increasing in the thecal tissues of antral follicles in the ovaries injected with VEGF gene fragments . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , ionizing radiation up regulated VEGF and basic fibroblast growth factor in PC 3 cells and VEGFR 2 in endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These included familiar endothelial cell associated genes such as VEGF , VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 1 , VEGFR 2 , angiopoietin 2 , Tie 1 , Tie 2 , Edg 1 receptor , VE cadherin , claudin 5 , connexin 37 , CD 31 , and CD 34 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression and levels of the VEGF C and VEGF D cytokines , the VEGF receptors VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 , and newly described lymphatic endothelial markers , LYVE 1 , Prox 1 , podoplanin and 5 ' nucleotidase were assessed . ^^^ There was no significant difference between the expression levels for both VEGF C and its receptor , VEGFR 2 , in background and cancer tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Examination of the VEGF C specific receptors VEGFR 2 / KDR / Flk 1 and VEGFR 3 / Flt 4 demonstrated intense endothelial immunoreactivity for VEGFR 2 , as well as VEGFR 2 and 3 expression on the majority of neoplastic cells , suggesting a possible role in autocrine / paracrine neoplastic growth regulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Drugs that block endothelial cell signaling via vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor ( VEGFR ) including rhuMAb VEGF , SU 5416 , SU 6668 , ZD 6474 , CP 547 , 632 and ZD 4190 are all in earlier stages of clinical trial . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast to VEGF and its receptor VEGFR 2 , PlGF and its receptor VEGFR 1 have been largely neglected and therefore their potential for therapy has not been previously explored . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of intracellular signal transduction after VEGF and VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) interaction has demonstrated the involvement of the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway . ^^^ However , several studies indicated that signal transducers and activators of transcription ( STAT ) is another important pathway downstream of VEGF / VEGFR interaction . ^^^ These data demonstrate that STAT 3 and its phosphorylation are involved in the downstream pathway of VEGF / VEGFR interaction and regulate VEGF induced HDMEC migration and tube formation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The action of VEGF is mediated by two different high affinity receptors VEGF receptor 1 ( VEGFR 1 ; flm like tyrosine kinase 1 ; flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( kinase insert domain containing receptor ; flk 1 ) predominantly located on the vascular endothelium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ZD 4190 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of VEGF receptor 2 ( KDR ) tyrosine kinase activity , which elicits broad spectrum antitumour activity in preclinical models following chronic once daily dosing . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Of the three VEGF receptors ( VEGFR ) , VEGFR 1 and 2 are expressed on blood vessels ; VEGFR 2 is found also on lymphatic vessels . ^^^ Interestingly , VEGF C stimulation of lymphatic endothelial cells also induced the formation of VEGFR 3 / VEGFR 2 heterodimers , in which VEGFR 3 was phosphorylated only at three of the five sites while the two most carboxyl terminal tyrosine residues appeared not to be accessible for the VEGFR 2 kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Such activation is induced by an autocrine vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) / VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 loop on the tumor cells , which also supports the growth and proliferation of prostate cancer cells . ^^^ Thus , prostate cancer cells expressing VEGF / VEGFR 2 will activate alphaVbeta 3 and alphaVbeta 5 on their surface and use these integrins to migrate toward SPARC in bone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 have been implicated as key players in vascular remodelling and placentation . ^^^ Implantation in marmosets occurs at day 11 of pregnancy ; hence , these time points were chosen so that the peri implantation period and very early pregnancy could be studied . mRNAs for VEGF , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 and their receptor Tie 2 were localized and quantified by in situ hybridization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They belong to the larger family which also includes VEGF , placenta growth factor ( PlGF ) and VEGF B , VEGF C and VEGF D are ligands for the endothelial cell specific tyrosine kinase receptors VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Only a small decrease in the expression of VEGF and Ang 2 was detected in the pecten oculi upon inhibition of the proteasome , while no major changes were observed in the expression of other angiogenic molecules , such as KDR or Ang 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : It has been shown that expression of the potent angiogenic factor , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , and its receptors , flt 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) and KDR / Flk 1 ( VEGFR 2 ) , increased during the development of liver fibrosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We previously identified several fully human neutralizing anti VEGF receptor 2 ( or kinase inserting domain containing receptor ( KDR ) ) antibodies from a large antibody phage display library . ^^^ These antibodies bind specifically to KDR , block VEGF / KDR interaction , and inhibit VEGF induced proliferation of human endothelial cells and migration of KDR+ leukemia cells . ^^^ Clone 1121 showed a > 30 fold higher binding affinity to KDR ( Kd , 100 pm ) because of improvement on both association and dissociation constants and blocked VEGF / KDR interaction with an IC 50 of approximately 1 nm , compared with that of 3 4 nm for the parent Fab fragments . ^^^ Further , clone 1121 was more potent in inhibiting VEGF stimulated KDR phosphorylation in endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tumour cells are the main source of VEGF in GBMs whereas VEGF receptors ( VEGFR 1 , its soluble form sVEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 and neuropilin 1 ) are expressed predominantly by endothelial cells . ^^^ We used quantitative RT PCR , Western blot , gelatin zymography and immunohistochemistry to study the expression of VEGF , VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , sVEGFR 1 , neuropilin 1 , MT 1 MMP , MMP 2 , MMP 9 and TIMP 2 in 20 human GBMs and 5 normal brains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Samples were analyzed for VEGF , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 mRNA expression using real time PCR and protein expression using Western Blot analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Such an autocrine loop is supported by constitutive VEGF receptor ( Flk 1 ) tyrosine phosphorylation , Flk 1 and Flt 1 nuclear localization , and mitogen activated protein kinase activation . beta catenin was also found to exhibit significant nuclear localization and constitutively associate with Flk 1 and Flt 1 in EOMA cells but much less so in HUVEC , and immunoprecipitated Flk 1 was able to phosphorylate purified beta catenin in an immune complex kinase assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) tyrosine kinase receptors KDR and Flt 1 are targets of current interest in anticancer drug research . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of the VEGF receptor Flk 1 , but not Flt 1 , was increased in colonic tissue of azoxymethane treated rats compared with control rats . ^^^ Overexpression of eNOS , VEGF and its receptor Flk 1 occurred early after azoxymethane administration in rat colonic tissue , even before morphological changes associated with tumour generation were observed , and aspirin prevented the overexpression of both eNOS and VEGF receptor Flk 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we describe the design , engineering , and characterization of a bispecific , tetravalent endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) targeted intradiabody for simultaneous surface depletion of two endothelial transmembrane receptors , Tie 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGF R 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated whether acute systemic exercise increases vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , VEGF receptor ( KDR and Flt 1 ) mRNA , and VEGF protein in sedentary humans . ^^^ Acute exercise significantly increased VEGF mRNA at 2 and 4 h and increased KDR and Flt 1 mRNA at 4 h postexercise . ^^^ The sustained increase in VEGF mRNA through 4 h and the increases in KDR and Flt 1 at 4 h are different from their respective time course responses in rats . ^^^ These results provide evidence in humans that 1 ) VEGF , KDR , and Flt 1 mRNA are increased by acute systemic exercise ; 2 ) the time course of the VEGF , KDR , and Flt 1 mRNA responses are different from those previously reported in rats ( Gavin TP and Wagner PD . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunostaining for vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and fetal liver kinase 1 ( Flk 1 ) , a VEGF receptor , was performed on fetal and neonatal pancreatic sections . ^^^ The number of cells showing immunoreactivity for VEGF and Flk 1 was reduced by 33 and 45 % , respectively , in islet cells from LP fetuses . ^^^ Both VEGF and Flk 1 were restored in pancreatic endocrine cells of fetuses and pups given taurine . ^^^ In conclusion , underexpression of VEGF and Flk 1 is associated with the lower fetal islet vascularization induced by the maternal malnutrition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Blockage of function of VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) alters follicular hormone secretion , suggesting that the intraovarian effect of VEGF might be mediated by this receptor . ^^^ We conclude that the intraovarian VEGF / VEGFR 2 pathway is critical for gonadotropin dependent angiogenesis and follicular development . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The roles of several growth factor receptor / ligand systems are also discussed , with an emphasis on the VEGF receptors , Flk 1 and neuropilin 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is known to play a predominant role in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis formation that is mediated by its interactions with two tyrosine kinase receptors , VEGFRI ( Flt 1 ) and VEGFRII ( KDR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The major receptor for VEGF on endothelial cells is KDR . ^^^ We hypothesized that an intrabody could bind newly synthesized KDR and block receptor transport to the cell surface , thereby inhibiting important VEGF effects . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , VEGF and its receptors VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 are prime targets for anti angiogenic intervention which is thought to be one of the most promising approaches in cancer therapy . ^^^ Recently , we have discovered a VEGFR 2 derived peptide ( ( 247 ) RTELNVGIDFNWEYP ( 261 ) ) representing a potential binding site to VEGF . ^^^ Using the spot synthesis technique , systematic D amino acid substitutional analyses of this peptide were conducted and the resulting D , L peptides inhibit VEGF binding to VEGFR 2 at half maximal concentration of 30 nM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) C and VEGF D stimulate lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in tissues and tumors by activating the endothelial cell surface receptor tyrosine kinases VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 and VEGFR 3 . ^^^ Here , we report that the serine protease plasmin cleaved both propeptides from the VEGF homology domain of human VEGF D and thereby generated a mature form exhibiting greatly enhanced binding and cross linking of VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 in comparison to full length material . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have shown a cyclic regulation of the soluble VEGF receptor , sflt , in human endometrium and have detected the expression of the transmembraneous VEGF receptors , Flt 1 and kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) throughout the menstrual cycle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression and localization of mRNAs for vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , VEGF receptor 1 ( Flt ) and VEGF receptor 2 ( KDR ) ( VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , respectively ) were investigated in pig corpora lutea . ^^^ Northern blot analysis of total RNA indicated hybridization of pig VEGF , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 cDNA probes to mRNA transcripts of approximately 3 . 9 , 7 . 0 and 5 . 0 kb , respectively . ^^^ In situ hybridization revealed that VEGF mRNA was localized predominantly in large luteal cells , whereas both VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 were localized to small cells . ^^^ Although the expression of VEGF mRNA was unchanged during the luteal phase , variations in the expression of VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 mRNAs indicate that differential regulation of expression of the VEGF receptors may play a role in the control of VEGF mediated vascular growth at different phases of development and maturation of the pig corpus luteum . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression and significance about VEGF , KDR , MMP 1 , and transcription factor Ets 1 in human cervical carcinoma ] . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : To study the expression of VEGF , KDR , MMP 1 , and its transcription factor Ets 1 on the interstitial neovasculogenesis in human cervical carcinoma on molecular level , which may provide further theoretic bases on judgement of prognosis and explain interregularity between neovasculagenetic factors . ^^^ METHODS : VEGF , KDR , MMP 1 , and Ets 1 were detected in 87 cervical carcinomas by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry . ^^^ KDR mRNA and its protein were mainly expressed in vascular endothelial cells , as correlation coefficient between KDR and VEGF was 0 . 892 . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : VEGF , KDR , MMP 1 , and Ets 1 are important factors on neovasculogenesis in cervical carcinoma , which may be considered to be reference indicator for determining biology behavior of cervical carcinoma , and may provide further theoretic bases on antineovasculagenetic therapy . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF binds to the tyrosine kinase receptors VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , and loss of VEGF or its receptors results in abnormal angiogenesis and lethality during development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using immunohistochemical techniques , we assessed the vascular density and distribution of angiogenesis ( FVIII ) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) expression as well as the expression of 2 VEGF receptors , Flt 1 and Flk 1 , in 55 nonrheumatic and 6 control aortic valves . ^^^ Diseased valves showed distinct VEGF , Flt 1 , Flk 1 , and eNOS positivity of activated endothelial , stromal fusiform myofibroblastic , and histocytic cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To gain insight into how this bacteria induces angiogenesis in vivo , we performed in situ hybridization of clinical specimens of verruga peruana for the angiogenesis factors vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , its receptors VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , and angiopoietin 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study immunohistochemical analysis showed that , in normoperfused mouse hindlimb , VEGF and its receptors Flk 1 and Flt 1 were expressed mostly in quiescent satellite cells . ^^^ At day 3 and day 7 after the induction of ischemia , Flk 1 and Flt 1 were expressed in regenerating muscle fibers and VEGF expression by these fibers was markedly enhanced . ^^^ Under these conditions , Flk 1 receptor exhibited constitutive tyrosine phosphorylation that was increased by VEGF treatment . ^^^ Moreover , VEGF administration to differentiating C2C12 myoblasts prevented apoptosis , while inhibition of VEGF signaling either with selective VEGF receptor inhibitors ( SU 1498 and CB 676475 ) or a neutralizing Flk 1 antibody , enhanced cell death approximately 3 . 5 fold . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To evaluate the impact of photodynamic therapy ( PDT ) on expression and distribution of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 3 , and pigment epithelium derived factor ( PEDF ) . ^^^ Immunolabeling using specific antibodies against VEGF , VEGFR 3 , and PEDF was performed in PDT treated areas , untreated collateral areas in study eyes , and untreated areas of control eyes . ^^^ Sites with positive VEGF labeling also demonstrated upregulation of VEGFR 3 . ^^^ VEGF , VEGFR 3 , and PEDF expression is enhanced after PDT . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , bFGF induced dose dependent phosphorylation of Flt 1 and another VEGF receptor , KDR , in HUVECs but not SMCs . ^^^ Additionally , the ability of bFGF to induce dose dependent phosphorylation of KDR in HUVECs highlights the important role of bFGF in VEGF mediated angiogenic processes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We studied the expression of VEGF and its receptors ( VEGFR 1 or Flt 1 and VEGFR 2 or Flk 1 / KDR ) by myeloma cell lines and plasma cells isolated from patients , using different methods . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previous studies were mainly focused on the extracellular domain of NRP 1 that can bind to VEGF 165 and , thus , enables NRP 1 to act as a co receptor for VEGF 165 , which enhances its binding to VEGFR 2 and its bioactivity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
After cellular expression of NRP 1 ( Delta exon 16 ) , we found ( unlike the two previously identified alternatively spliced NRP 1 isoforms ) no evidence that the extracellular domain of NRP 1 ( Delta exon 16 ) is secreted from cells as a soluble protein . ( 125 ) 1 VEGF bound with high affinity to NRP 1 and NRP 1 ( Delta exon 16 ) expressing cells , and VEGF treatment led to the formation of complexes between VEGFR 2 and either NRP 1 or NRP 1 ( Delta exon 16 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report here that Leydig cell tumours are characterised by an increased level of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) in testicular veins , the presence of VEGF mRNA and of its receptor , KDR , and an absence of detectable VEGF receptor Flt 1 , in blood vessels of tumour marginal zones and of peri tumour areas . ^^^ Local application of VEGF ( 165 ) to the normal testicular tissue induced significant ultrastructural destabilisation in the capillary walls which only expressed KDR . ^^^ These results suggest an autocrine role of VEGF on endothelial cells of tumour blood vessels in a region specific manner and implicate that VEGF interactions with KDR , in the absence of Flt 1 , may be involved in vascular destabilisation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) regulates blood vessel formation by binding to the receptor tyrosine kinases VEGF receptor 1 ( Flt 1 ) or VEGF receptor 2 ( KDR ) and to the structurally unrelated neuropilins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemical techniques were used to evaluate VEGF protein localization with rabbit polyclonal anti rat VEGF , VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) expression with rabbit polyclonal antibodies to VEGFR 1 and 2 , microvascular density with mouse monoclonal anti rat CD 31 , and astrocytic reactivity with polyclonal anti glial fibrillary acidic protein , in cerebral cortical tissue of the right middle cerebral artery territory . ^^^ Consistent with the VEGF protein expression findings , up regulation of VEGFR 1 but not VEGFR 2 expression on endothelial cells in the model brains was observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we identify a mechanism via which VEGF ( 165 ) interacting with its receptor VEGFR 2 rapidly induces prourokinase activation that is dependent on a change in integrin affinity , activation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 ( MMP 2 ) , and pro uPA being bound to its surface receptor uPAR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF induced NR4A family and Egr 3 expression was blocked by a KDR inhibitor , and placental growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor weakly increased expression of these genes . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : VEGF induces expression of NR4A nuclear receptors and Egr 3 via KDR and KDR mediated signaling mechanisms . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that part of this inhibition stems from the paracrine interaction between endothelial cells and preadipocytes and that VEGF VEGFR 2 signaling in endothelial cells , but not preadipocytes , mediates this process . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TNF induces a coordinated phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) and Etk , which is blocked by VEGFR 2 specific inhibitors . ^^^ Phosphorylation of VEGFR 2 at Tyr 801 and Tyr 1175 , the critical sites for VEGF induced PI3K Akt signaling , was not involved in TNF mediated Akt activation . ^^^ Furthermore , TNF but not VEGF induced activation of VEGFR 2 , Akt , and EC migration are blunted in EC genetically deficient with Etk . ^^^ Taken together , our data demonstrated that TNF induces transactivation between Etk and VEGFR 2 , and Etk directly activates PI3K Akt angiogenic signaling independent of VEGF induced VEGFR 2 PI3K Akt signaling pathway . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Shear stress and VEGF activate IKK via the Flk 1 / Cbl / Akt signaling pathway . ^^^ Because Flk 1 and Cbl form a complex upon shearing or VEGF applications ( 50 ) , these results suggest that shear stress and VEGF activate IKK via the receptor Flk 1 and its recruitment of the adapter protein Cbl . ^^^ Furthermore , SU 1498 and Cbl ( nm ) abolished the shear and VEGF induced Akt activity , indicating that Akt acts at a level downstream to Flk 1 and Cbl . ^^^ Therefore , our results indicate that the signaling events induced by shear stress and VEGF converge at the membrane receptor Flk 1 and that these stimuli share the Flk 1 / Cbl / Akt pathway in activating IKK activation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : The expression of the gene for VEGF and VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) was estimated using in situ hybridization in renal biopsy specimens taken from patients with nephrotic syndrome and diagnosed histologically as MCD . ^^^ RESULTS : The gene expression for VEGF , measured as the proportional glomerular area occupied by autoradiographic grains , was significantly less in the patients with MCD than in controls ( 1 . 9 + / 0 . 4 vs 4 . 8 + / 0 . 6 % , P < 0 . 0025 ) , whereas the gene expression for VEGFR 2 was no different to controls ( 1 . 9 + / 0 . 4 vs 2 . 0 + / 0 . 2 % ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study compares the mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors ( KDR and flt 1 ) in the hydrosalpinx with that in the healthy oviduct . ^^^ RESULTS : mRNA expression of VEGF and its receptor flt 1 in the hydrosalpinx was significantly higher than that in the healthy oviduct , but no significant difference was demonstrated for the KDR receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The antiangiogenic effect is mediated , in part , through a CLA induced decrease in serum VEGF ( vascular endothelial growth factor ) and mammary gland VEGF and flk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
STUDY DESIGN : We measured mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietin 1 and 2 ( Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) , their receptors VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , Tie 2 , fibroblast growth factor 2 ( FGF 2 ) , and its receptor FGF 2R in placental tissue of diabetes type 1 patients , in normal term placenta , and endometrium of non pregnant women by real time reverse transcriptase PCR . ^^^ The expression of VEGF and VEGFR 2 mRNAs was significantly lower in normal term or diabetes type 1 placenta compared to human endometrium ( P < or=0 . 01 ) . ^^^ We did not detect a significant difference in the expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 2 , VEGF , VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , FGF 2 , and FGF 2R in normal and diabetes type 1 placenta . ^^^ CONCLUSION : These data show differential expression of Ang 2 , VEGFR 1 , VEGF , and VEGFR 2 in placenta and endometrium . ^^^ The expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 2 , VEGF , VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , FGF 2 , and FGF 2R was not different in normal and type 1 diabetes placenta . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prognostic significance of VEGF receptors , VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( KDR / Flk 1 ) in breast carcinoma ] . ^^^ OBJECTIVES : The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptors , VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( KDR / Flk 1 ) in breast carcinoma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Normal and arterialized vein graft segments were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) for expression of VEGF R 1 ( flt ) , VEGF R 2 ( KDR ) , and neuropilin 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Snake venom vascular endothelial growth factors ( VEGFs ) exhibit potent activity through their specific recognition of KDR ( VEGF receptor 2 ) . ^^^ Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF 165 ) exhibits multiple effects via the activation of two distinct endothelial receptor tyrosine kinases : Flt 1 ( fms like tyrosine kinase 1 ) and KDR ( kinase insert domain containing receptor ) . ^^^ KDR shows strong ligand dependent tyrosine phosphorylation in comparison with Flt 1 and mainly mediates the mitogenic , angiogenic , and permeability enhancing effects of VEGF 165 . ^^^ A receptor binding assay revealed that snake venom VEGFs bound to KDR IgG with high affinity ( Kd = approximately 0 . 1 nm ) as well as to VEGF 165 but did not interact with Flt 1 , Flt 4 , or neuropilin 1 at all . ^^^ Snake venom VEGFs are a highly specific ligand to KDR and form a new group of the VEGF family . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Northern blot analyses of basic fibroblast growth factor , VEGF , Flt 1 and Flk 1 mRNA expression supported these findings and showed a dose dependent decrease in EtOH treated cultures compared to controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of this study is to determine the localization of VEGF and its receptors , Flt 1 and KDR , and bFGF expression in the rat ovary and to evaluate their distributions throughout the different follicular stages . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we examined the expression of these growth factors and their receptors ; fetal liver kinase 1 ( Flk 1 ) for VEGF and c Met for HGF , to acertain whether VEGF and HGF play a role in the neovascularization of transplanted islets . ^^^ Serial slices were immunostained for VEGF , HGF , Flk 1 , or c Met , respectively . ^^^ RESULTS : Islets in the normal pancreas were positively stained for VEGF , HGF , and c Met ; however , Flk 1 was only stained at the periphery of the islets . ^^^ In the transplanted islets , staining for VEGF , HGF , and c Met was positive , but Flk 1 was not stained . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the basis of microarray data analysis , we hypothesize that Dex induced inhibition of septation is associated with a block in angiogenesis due to downregulation of the kinase domain receptor ( KDR ) , also known as VEGF receptor 2 and fetal liver kinase , and that the downregulation of KDR is prevented by treatment with RA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The IR levels of HIF 1alpha and VEGF reached plateau at 4 weeks , and the IRs of VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 were strongly positive in the hypoxic group . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Molecules targeting vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) or its receptor ( VEGFR ) also seem to control tumour progression and may prolong survival . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These include drugs inhibiting matrix breakdown , the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors ( MMPIs ) , such as marimastat , prinomastat , BMS 275291 , BAY 12 9566 , and neovastat drugs that block endothelial cell signaling via vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor ( VEGFR ) including rhuMAb VEGF , SU 5416 , SU 6668 , ZD 6474 , CP 547 , 632 and ZD 4190 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It also inhibits VEGF stimulated autophosphorylation of VEGFR 2 in a whole cell assay with an IC ( 50 ) value of 6 nM . ^^^ A sponge angiogenesis assay was used to directly compare the inhibitory activities of CP 547 , 632 against FGF receptor 2 or VEGFR 2 ; this compound potently inhibits both basic FGF and VEGF induced angiogenesis in vivo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mice bearing PC 3 human prostate adenocarcinoma xenografts were treated with ZD 6474 , a VEGF receptor 2 ( KDR ) tyrosine kinase inhibitor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Selective inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) identifies a central role for VEGFR 2 in human aortic endothelial cell responses to VEGF . ^^^ Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 inhibition also reversed VEGF stimulated phosphorylation of CrkII and its Src homology 2 ( SH 2 ) binding protein p130Cas , which are known to play a pivotal role in regulating endothelial cell migration . ^^^ We studied the effects of VEGF on human aortic endothelial cells ( HAECs ) , which express VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , but not VEGFR 3 , in the absence or presence of ZM 323881 . ^^^ Inhibition of VEGFR 2 blocked activation of extracellular regulated kinase , p 38 , Akt , and endothelial nitric oxide synthetase ( eNOS ) by VEGF , but did not inhibit p 38 activation by the VEGFR 1 specific ligand , placental growth factor ( PIGF ) . ^^^ Inhibition of VEGFR 2 also perturbed VEGF induced membrane extension , cell migration , and tube formation by HAECs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To explore the effect of two dominating signaling pathways , VEGF / KDR and angiopoietins / Tie2 , on the formation of new blood vessel in hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) growth and metastasis . ^^^ METHODS : RT PCR and Western blot were employed to evaluate the VEGF / KDR and angiopoietins / Tie2 expression in samples from 23 patients with HCC . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : The two signaling pathways , VEGF / KDR and angiopoietins / Tie2 are activated in the process of angiogenesis in HCC and modulate the formation of new blood vessels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Purified B lymphocytes and lymphoid tissues from E micro c myc mice expressed increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) by immunohistochemical or immunoblot assays , which could promote blood and lymphatic vessel growth through interaction with VEGFR 2 , which is expressed on the endothelium of both vessel types . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is unclear , however , how PlGF , which is elevated in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and is a VEGF homolog that binds only to VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 1 , promotes pathological angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The multifunctionality of VEGF at the cellular level results from its ability to initiate a diverse , complex and integrated network of signalling pathways via its major receptor , kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vitamins C and E downregulate vascular VEGF and VEGFR 2 expression in apolipoprotein E deficient mice . ^^^ We examined the hypothesis that VEGF and VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) expression is upregulated in apoE / and , since it could be driven by oxidative stress , tested whether dietary supplementation with vitamins C and E could downregulate it . ^^^ Aortic VEGF and VEGFR 2 expression were measured by RT qPCR and western blot . ^^^ ApoE / showed significantly higher expression of aortic VEGF and VEGFR 2 mRNA ( P < 0 . 001 ) and protein ( P < 0 . 001 ) than wild type mice , as well as increased plasma VEGF ( P < 0 . 001 ) . ^^^ Vitamin C and alpha tocopherol significantly reduced aortic VEGF and VEGFR 2 expression in apoE / ( P < 0 . 001 ) , circulating VEGF ( P < 0 . 01 ) and plasma lipid peroxidation ( P < 0 . 01 ) . apoE / receiving vitamin C and beta tocopherol showed diminished lipid peroxidation and VEGFR 2 , but only partial reduction of VEGF expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immature B cell malignancies synthesize VEGF , VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( KDR ) . ^^^ Expression of VEGF and VEGFR support a role for angiogenic pathways in the pathogenesis of some hematological malignances . ^^^ We now show that transcripts of VEGF , and its receptors VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 are concomitantly expressed in both ALL cell lines and primary pre B ALL . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because gene knock outs of VEGF and its receptors flk 1 and flt 1 result in early embryonic lethality , determining roles for VEGF in CNS development has been particularly difficult . ^^^ We found that VEGF provided a significant dose responsive increase in the neuronal microtubule markers TUJ 1 and MAP 2 , as well as mRNA for MAP 2 and flk 1 . ^^^ Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to flk 1 , but not flt 1 , inhibited neuritic outgrowth , whereas inhibitors of the signaling pathways MEK 1 and P 13 AKT both abrogated VEGF induced growth . ^^^ VEGF applied to primary cortical neurons produced significant increases in neuronal cell body diameter and the number of emerging neurites mediated by flk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In accordance with the paracrine action of epidermally derived VEGF , vascular endothelial cells in lesional skin revealed increased expression of the VEGF receptor VEGFR 2 ( KDR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SUMMARY : The angiogenic role of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptors , flk 1 and flt 1 , and their downstream signaling pathways , MAPK / ERK and PI 3 kinase , were examined in a fetal rat cortical explant model after exposure to exogenous VEGF . ^^^ Treatment with VEGF resulted in substantial neovascularization characterized by increased vascular flk 1 receptor expression , whereas flt 1 receptor protein expression was absent . ^^^ Thus VEGF binding to the endothelial flk 1 receptor activates the MAPK / ERK and PI 3 kinase pathways , resulting in neoangiogenic events . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MATERIALS AND METHODS : Using RT PCR we examined the expression of VEGF and its receptors , KDR , Flt 1 , NP 1 and NP 2 , in 8 human prostate cancer cell lines and then correlated the expression patterns with the ability of these cell lines to invade and migrate through membranes in a modified Boyden Chamber assay in the presence and absence of VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF , Flt 1 , Flk 1 . ^^^ To estimate the dependence transcriptional activity of Flt 1 and Flk 1 on VEGF gene expression Spearman ' s correlation rank was performed . ^^^ Significant increase in the number of Flk 1 mRNA copies was observed in case of enhanced mRNA expression of VEGF 121 ( p < 0 . 05 ) , VEGF 145 ( p < 0 . 05 ) , VEGF 183 ( p < 0 . 05 ) , VEGF 189 ( p < 0 . 05 ) and VEGF 206 ( p < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro , 4HPR affected KS Imm and endothelial cell growth and KS Imm migration and invasion . 4HPR invasion inhibition was associated with decreased release of matrix metalloprotease 2 and rapid reduction of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) expression by KS cells and of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) by KS and endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF and its receptors ( VEGFR ) were localized by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ VEGF receptors VEGFR 2 ( KDR , flk 1 ) and VEGFR 1 ( flt 1 ) could be immunostained on osteoclasts and osteoblasts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of the VEGF receptors VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , and VEGFR 3 on B CLL cells , singly and combined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We demonstrate that progenitor cells express both VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 1 and VEGFR 2 , but signaling through VEGFR 2 specifically mediates the chemotactic effect of VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF and KDR gene expression during human embryonic and fetal eye development . ^^^ VEGF is a key growth factor during vascular development and one of its receptors , KDR , plays a pivotal role in endothelial cell proliferation and differentiation . ^^^ The purpose of this study was to analyze VEGF and KDR gene expression patterns during the development of the human eye during the embryonic and fetal stages . ^^^ METHODS : The gene expression of VEGF and KDR was analyzed by in situ hybridization in 7 week old embryos and in 10 and 18 week old fetuses . ^^^ In addition , we performed VEGF and KDR immunohistochemistry experiments on 18 week old fetus tissue sections . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF ( 121 ) and VEGF ( 165 ) regulate blood vessel diameter through vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in an in vitro angiogenesis model . ^^^ The two most abundant isoforms , VEGF ( 121 ) and VEGF ( 165 ) , both signal through VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^ Moreover , specific inhibition of VEGFR 2 signaling results in a dramatic reduction of EC sprouting in response to VEGF , indicating the critical importance of this receptor . ^^^ We conclude that the diameter of new capillary sprouts can be determined by the local concentration of VEGF and that the action of VEGF on angiogenic EC in this assay is critically dependent on signaling through VEGFR 2 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recent studies have shown that VEGF as well as its receptor VEGFR 2 are expressed on osteoarthritic chondrocytes , but not on normal adult chondrocytes . ^^^ To prove that increased MMP or decreased TIMP expression could be a result of the autocrine action of VEGF on chondrocytes , we repeated the experiments in the presence of a specific inhibitor for the kinase activity of the VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expressions of VEGF mRNA and VEGF protein and kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) protein were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) and modified SABC immunohistochemistry assay separately . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Smog exposure decrease the expression of VEGF and KDR in rat lung . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Neuroblastoma cells express platelet derived growth factor ( PDGF ) , stem cell factor ( SCF ) , and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and their respective receptors , PDGFR , c Kit , and Flk 1 . ^^^ Expression of VEGF , but not phosphorylation of Flk 1 , its receptor , was reduced in neuroblastoma cells treated with imatinib at 10 microM or higher . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Dermatomyositis with peripheral nervous system involvement : activation of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) in vasculitic lesions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of the tyrosine kinase receptor vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) by VEGF leads to the activation of stress activated protein kinase ( SAPK ) 2 / p38 and then to actin polymerization and reorganization into stress fibers in endothelial cells . ^^^ Phosphorylation of tyrosine 1214 on VEGFR 2 is required for VEGF induced activation of Cdc 42 upstream of SAPK2 / p38 . ^^^ These results indicate that Cdc 42 is upstream of SAPK2 / p38 in response to the activation of VEGFR 2 by VEGF . ^^^ Using a site specific mutant of the major autophosphorylation site Y 1214 on VEGFR 2 , we found that the mutant Y1214F inhibited the activation of both Cdc 42 and SAPK2 / p38 in response to VEGF . ^^^ We conclude that phosphorylation of Y 1214 on VEGFR 2 is required to trigger the sequential activation of Cdc 42 and SAPK2 / p38 and to drive the SAPK2 / p38 mediated actin remodeling in stress fibers in endothelial cells exposed to VEGF . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Internal and external autocrine VEGF / KDR loops regulate survival of subsets of acute leukemia through distinct signaling pathways . ^^^ While recent evidence suggests that VEGF supports hematopoietic stem cell survival via an internal loop , the molecular mechanisms whereby autocrine stimulation of VEGFR 2 ( KDR ) promotes leukemia growth are not well understood . ^^^ Here we show on acute myeloid primary leukemias and cell lines that VEGF / KDR autocrine loops operate both internally and externally . ^^^ First , we demonstrate that KDR is constitutively phosphorylated and located at the nucleus of VEGF producing leukemias . ^^^ Treatment with anti VEGF antibody , which acts externally , blocked KDR nuclear translocation and inhibited nuclear factor kappa B ( NF kappaB ; p 65 and c rel ) activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since angiogenesis is involved in wound repair , we hypothesized that adenovirus mediated gene transfer of a soluble form of VEGF receptor 2 ( Flk 1 ) would attenuate wound healing in mice . ^^^ C57Bl / 6J and genetically diabetic ( db / db ) mice ( each n=20 ) received intravenous ( i . v . ) injections of recombinant adenoviruses ( 10 ( 9 ) PFU ) encoding the ligand binding ectodomain of VEGF receptor 2 ( Flk 1 ) or cDNA encoding the murine IgG2alpha Fc fragment ( each n=10 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of VEGF receptors ( flt 1 , flk 1 ) , endoglin and hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha ( HIF 1alpha ) was assessed by quantitative RT PCR and for endoglin also by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ VEGF treatment decreased HIF 1alpha and increased flk 1 response in lean mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and VEGF type 2 receptor ( flk 1 ) in renal cortex assessed by immunostaining were higher in female RK rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A strategy for antagonizing vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) induced angiogenesis is to inhibit the kinase activity of its receptor , kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) , the first committed and perhaps the last unique step in the VEGF signaling cascade . ^^^ The compound was bioavailable in vivo , leading to a dose dependent decrease in basal and VEGF stimulated KDR tyrosine phosphorylation in lungs from nave and tumor bearing mice ( IC ( 50 ) = 23 nM ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF 164 ( 165 ) as the pathological isoform : differential leukocyte and endothelial responses through VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 . ^^^ In vivo blockade of VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 1 significantly suppressed VEGF ( 164 ) induced corneal inflammation . ^^^ In vitro , VEGF ( 165 ) more potently stimulated intracellular adhesion molecule ( ICAM ) 1 expression on endothelial cells , an effect that was mediated by VEGFR 2 . ^^^ VEGF ( 164 ) was also more potent at inducing the chemotaxis of monocytes , an effect that was mediated by VEGFR 1 . ^^^ In an immortalized human leukocyte cell line , VEGF ( 165 ) was found to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR 1 more efficiently . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Dietary conjugated linoleic acid ( CLA ) is a cancer chemopreventive agent that has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro , and to decrease vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and Flk 1 concentrations in the mouse mammary gland . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF receptor Flk 1 and TGF beta receptor 1 ( T beta R 1 ) expression were reduced in the Eng+ / mouse brain compared with control . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Expression of VEGF and its receptors ( VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 ) was examined in passive Heymann nephritis ( PHN ) and puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis ( PAN ) , by immunohistochemistry , in situ hybridization , Northern and Western blotting . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHOD : We investigated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor VEGFR 2 ( KDR / Flk 1 ) in the contusional brain tissue obtained during neurosurgery from 5 patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recent studies have demonstrated that vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor VEGFR 2 ( flk 1 ) are expressed by neurons during development and following hypoxic ischemic events . ^^^ Immunohistochemical analysis of the cultures demonstrated the presence of VEGFR 2 after VEGF treatment , as well as the expression of the VEGF receptor VEGFR 1 ( flt 1 ) . ^^^ Treatment of the cultures with antisense oligonucleotides against VEGFR 2 , but not against VEGFR 1 , abolished the effect of VEGF on the length of Map 2 ( + ) processes . ^^^ These experiments suggest that VEGF has a direct effect on neuronal growth and maturation under normoxic conditions during CNS development , which is mediated by the VEGFR 2 receptor via the MAPK pathway . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ZD 6474 is a small molecule VEGF flk 1 / KDR ( VEGFR 2 ) tyrosine kinase inhibitor that also demonstrates inhibitory activity against EGFR tyrosine kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Primary varicose veins : altered transcription of VEGF and its receptors ( KDR , flt 1 , soluble flt 1 ) with sapheno femoral junction incompetence . ^^^ Our aim was to examine transcription of genes for VEGF ( VEGF ( 121 ) / VEGF ( 165 ) ) and its receptors ( KDR , flt 1 , s . flt 1 ) in VVs , in relation to underlying venous incompetence . ^^^ RESULTS : VEGF ( 121 ) / ( 165 ) , KDR and flt 1 transcription was elevated in VVs overall ( p < 0 . 001 ) , and in VVs with an incompetent SFJ ( p < 0 . 001 ) , but not when the SFJ was functional ; s . flt 1 was unaltered . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A comparison of the mRNA expression of VEGF and its receptor FLK 1 in rabbit iris pigment epithelium cells and retinal pigment epithelial cells ] . ^^^ RESULTS : Rabbit IPE and RPE cells express VEGF mRNA and FLK l ; the express of VEGF and FLK 1 mRNA in IPE cells was relatively low compared with the expression in RPE cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the genetic basis of VEGF expression in patients with type 1 ( onset before age 40 y ) chronic plaque psoriasis compared to healthy controls and also measured plasma levels of VEGF and its receptors flt 1 and KDR . ^^^ Plasma levels of VEGF and flt 1 were significantly detectable in patients with psoriasis compared with controls ( p < 0 . 001 ) ; by contrast , mean plasma levels of KDR in psoriatic patients were comparable with controls . ^^^ VEGF , flt 1 , and KDR could provide attractive targets for future psoriasis therapy . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULT ( S ) : Immunohistochemical study localized VEGF R , both KDR and flt 1 , in the oviduct luminal epithelium , smooth muscle cells as well as blood vessels within the oviduct . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , expression of angiogenic factors , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) , VEGF receptors , kinase insert domain containing region ( KDR ) , and bFGF receptor Flg was characterized at the maternal embryonic boundary of the rhesus monkey on Day 17 , 19 , 28 and 34 of pregnancy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Podocytes produce endothelial factors , including angiopoietin 1 ( ang 1 ) , and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , whereas GEnC express their respective receptors Tie 2 and VEGFR 2 in vivo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF C is the ligand for the receptor tyrosine kinase VEGFR 3 ( also known as Flt 4 ) , which is expressed predominantly in lymphatic endothelium of adult tissues , but a proteolytically processed form of VEGF C can also activate VEGFR 2 of blood vessels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two distinct receptors for VEGF , the tyrosine kinase receptors VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( Flk 1 / KDR ) , have been identified . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Bone marrow culture supernatant was assayed for vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) by ELISA , bone marrow biopsies from 28 newly diagnosed AML patients were assayed for microvessel density ( MVD ) , VEGF and its receptors KDR , Flt 1 by immunohistochemical staining before and after induction chemotherapy . ^^^ The VEGF and KDR expressions and MVD were significantly higher in newly diagnosed AML patients ( 78 . 6 % , 78 . 6 % and 7 . 1 % , respectively ) than that of control group ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ There was a positive correlation between VEGF , KDR and MVD . ^^^ The positive rate of VEGF , KDR and MVD reduced to normal after the patients achieved complete remission , while in non remission patients did not . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : There is remarkable angiogenesis in AML and VEGF / KDR signaling pathway takes an important role in the pathological angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the effects of IFN alpha treatment on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , and its receptors KDR and Flt 1 , and CD 34 in CL during the first week of pseudopregnancy and pregnancy in hormonally induced rat ovaries by immunohistochemistry and Western blot techniques . ^^^ The daily subcutaneous administrations of 672 . 500 U IFN alpha2b had minimal effects on the expressions of VEGF , and its two receptors KDR and Flt 1 in either pregnant or pseudopregnant corpora lutea utilizing HSCORE . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since little is known about VEGF signalling in RCCs , the profile of phosphorylated KDR ( pKDR ) has been investigated and the intracellular location of the receptor has been examined in the present study . ^^^ Using two monoclonal antibodies raised against the phosphorylated KDR epitopes ( Y 1059 and Y 1214 ) known to mediate different VEGF functions , together with a commercial anti KDR antibody and immunohistochemistry , the expression of pKDR was investigated in a series of normal ( n = 25 ) and neoplastic kidneys ( n = 54 ; clear cell n = 35 ; papillary n = 10 ; oncocytomas n = 8 ) . pKDR was present in many tissue elements of both normal and neoplastic renal tissues , with strong expression in the cell membrane , cytoplasm , and nuclei of normal kidney and tumour cells , as well as endothelial cells in tumours of all histological types . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recent studies have shown that VEGF and its receptors ( VEGFR ) are expressed on osteoarthritic , but not on normal adult , chondrocytes . ^^^ VEGF increased secreted MMP 1 , MMP 3 , and especially MMP 13 , which could be effectively reduced by an inhibitor of VEGFR 2 kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The c Cbl / CD2AP complex regulates VEGF induced endocytosis and degradation of Flt 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) . ^^^ Here we report the down regulation of activated VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 1 / Flt 1 by endocytosis and proteolytic degradation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reverse transcription polymelase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that Ang 2 induced a significant increase of VEGF receptor kinase domain containing receptor ( KDR ) mRNA in a dose and time dependent manner ; the maximal increase , which was 3 fold the control value , occurred after a 4 h stimulation . ^^^ In conclusion , our data indicate that Ang 2 potentiates VEGF induced human EPCs proliferation and network formation through the up regulation of KDR . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The molecular regulation of these distinct mechanisms is discussed in respect to the most important positive regulators , VEGF and its receptors flk 1 ( KDR ) and flt 1 , the Angiopoietin / tie system and the ephrin B / EpH B system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In tumour induced angiogenesis of gliomas , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors fms like tyrosine kinase ( Flt 1 ) and kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) play a major role and are promising targets for tumour therapy . ^^^ Protein expression of VEGF , Flt 1 and KDR was analysed by immunohistochemistry in native tumour tissues of 63 glioblastomas . ^^^ Additionally and independently to the expected Flt 1 and KDR expression in tumour endothelia , we found a coexpression of VEGF with Flt 1 in tumour cells of 46 and with KDR in 45 glioblastomas . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we demonstrate that Shb is phosphorylated in an Src dependent manner upon vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) stimulation using porcine aortic endothelial cells expressing the human VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) ( KDR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Among the known angiogenic growth factors and cytokines implicated in the modulation of normal and pathological angiogenesis , the VEGF family ( VEGF A , VEGF B , VEGF C , VEGF D ) and their corresponding receptor tyrosine kinases [ VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) , VEGFR 2 ( Flk 1 , KDR ) , and VEGFR 3 ( Flt 4 ) ] play a paramount and indispensable role in regulating the multiple facets of the angiogenic and lymphangiogenic processes , as well as the induction of vascular permeability and inflammation . ^^^ Approaches to disrupting the VEGF / VEGFR signaling cascade range from biological agents ( soluble receptors , anti VEGF and anti VEGFR 2 antibodies , and VEGF transcription inhibitors ) to small molecule ATP competitive VEGFR inhibitors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This potentiation is accompanied by up regulation of the expression of VEGF receptors ( kinase insert domain containing receptor [ KDR ] and fms like tyrosine kinase [ Flt 1 ] ) . ( 3 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The introduction into human umbilical vein endothelial cells of a dominant negative inhibitor for either Nck or Crk blocked the recruitment of both endogenous proteins to the KDR VEGF receptor subtype indicating that both proteins are recruited to the same docking site . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) on the membrane of CD34+ progenitor cells was examined by immunocytochemistry . ^^^ ATWLPPR , an effective peptide screened from phage epitope library by affinity for membrane expressed VEGFR 2 and blocking the binding of VEGF to VEGFR 2 , was used to determine whether the activation of STAT pathway induced by VEGF was blocked . ^^^ The presence of VEGFR 2 was confirmed using anti VEGFR 2 antibody staining by immunocytochemistry , moreover , the phosphorylation of STAT 3 and STAT 5 failed to be activated by the co culture with ATWLPPR and VEGF , suggesting that activation of the STAT pathway be specifically mediated by VEGFR 2 in CD34+ progenitor cells . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : STAT signaling pathway participates in the signal transduction of VEGF via VEGFR 2 in CD34+ hemopoietic progenitor cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TIL expressing Vhgamma can selectively recognize and kill vascular endothelial cell and tumor cells which express VEGF receptor KDR . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , VEGF receptors ( VEGFR ) have recently been detected also on some tumor cells , and autocrine mitogenic effects of VEGF have been suspected . ^^^ Since glioma cells are known to produce large amounts of VEGF , we investigated VEGFR expression and effects of VEGF on glioma cells . ^^^ The three glioma cell lines and eight glioma cells cultivated from WHO grade 4 gliomas investigated strongly expressed VEGF 121 and VEGF 165 , but weakly either VEGFR 1 or 2 , sometimes for both , as evidenced by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) and immunocytochemistry . ^^^ In two glioma cell lines analyzed , VEGF induced a weak tyrosine phosphorylation of the VEGFR , but downstream signal transduction effects on the mitogen activated protein kinases p42 / p44 or transcription factors like AP 1 or NFKB were within the background of the methods . ^^^ In accordance , VEGF or the VEGFR agonists VEGF D or placenta growth factor ( P1GF ) did not produce significant effects on glioma cell proliferation or VEGF production . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All these actions were significantly inhibited by VEGF and VEGF receptor ( VEGFR 2 ) blockade . ^^^ With regard to gene expression , incubation with MG 63 CM abolished endogenous VEGF mRNA and protein but induced a clear cut increase in VEGFR 2 mRNA expression in EC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Combined systemic treatment with blocking antibodies against VEGF receptor 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) and VEGFR 2 potently inhibited inflammation and also decreased lymphatic vessel size . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have then utilized RNase protection and ELISA to measure the relative levels of VEGF B , C , D and flt 1 , KDR , flt 4 and flt 4t ( Delta 773 1081 ) expression in freshly isolated benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH tissue ( n=21 ) , primary prostate cancers ( n=82 ) and matching sentinel lymph node metastases from stage T2a T2b / T3 tumors ( n=52 ) . ^^^ Comparisons of the primary tumors with BPH showed that there was a significant upregulation of VEGF B ( P=0 . 003 ) , VEGF D ( P=0 . 005 ) , flt 1 ( P=0 . 003 ) , KDR ( P=0 . 002 ) , flt 4 ( P=0 . 007 ) , and flt 4t ( Delta 773 1081 ) ( P=0 . 001 ) , but not VEGF C ( P=0 . 543 ) . ^^^ There was no correlation between VEGF B and its receptor flt 1 ( P=0 . 545 ) , or VEGF C and flt 4 ( P=0 . 16 ) and KDR ( P=0 . 23 ) receptor expression in tumor specimens . ^^^ Statistical analysis further showed that there was no significant correlation between VEGF B , VEGF C , VEGF D , flt 1 , KDR , flt 4 and flt 4t ( Delta 773 1081 ) with patient age ( P > 0 . 10 ) , stage ( P > 0 . 10 ) , PSA value ( P > 0 . 15 ) or tumor size ( P > 0 . 15 ) . ^^^ Likewise , there was no significant correlation between VEGF B , VEGF C , flt 1 , KDR , and flt 4 with Gleason score ( P > 0 . 15 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Regulatory molecules for coronary expressions of VEGF and its angiogenic receptor KDR in hypoestrogenic middle aged female rats . ^^^ Following ovariectomy , protein and gene expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its angiogenic receptor ( KDR ) showed a marked decline in coronary vessels , as determined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization . ^^^ The changes in VEGF and KDR expressions were strongly associated with those in endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ) expression in coronary vessels . ^^^ We reached a conclusion that the VEGF KDR system plays a key role in coronary angiogenesis in hypoestrogenic elderly women and is critically regulated by estrogen , eNOS and HIF 1alpha . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Message for VEGF and the VEGF receptors KDR , flt 1 , flt 4 , neuropilin 1 ( NRP 1 ) , and neuropilin 2 ( NRP 2 ) are measured with RT PCR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We used immunohistochemistry to identify changes in infiltrating cells and in the angiogenesis modulators alphavbeta 3 integrin , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , flt 1 ( VEGF receptor 1 [ VEGFR 1 ] ) , kinase insert domain receptor [ KDR ] / flk 1 ( VEGFR 2 ) , and stromal cell derived factor 1 ( SDF 1 ) . ^^^ In the synovium , infliximab therapy induced a significant reduction in macrophages , the CD31+ vascular area , alphavbeta3+ neovessels / Ulex europaeus agglutinin+ vessels , VEGF and its receptor KDR / flk 1 ( VEGFR 2 ) , and SDF 1+ vessels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We demonstrate that bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP ) 4 was required for the generation of FLK 1 ( + ) and SCL ( + ) cells , and that vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) was necessary for the expansion and differentiation of SCL expressing hematopoietic progenitors . ^^^ Consistently , Flk 1 deficient ES cells responded to BMP 4 and generated TER 119 ( + ) and CD 31 ( + ) cells , but they failed to expand in response to VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cell proliferation , AR , ER alpha , EGFR , ErbB 2 , EGF , IGF 1R , IGF 1 , VEGFR 2 , ERKs 1 and 2 proteins and TGF alpha mRNA , but not ER beta and VEGF , were significantly increased in prostates of TRAMP compared to C57BL / 6 mice . ^^^ Genistein in the diet significantly down regulated cell proliferation , EGFR , IGF 1R , ERK 1 and ERK 2 , but not AR , ER alpha , ER beta , ErbB 2 , EGF , TGF alpha , IGF 1 , VEGF and VEGFR in prostates of TRAMP mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF A and VEGFR overexpression did not show any correlation with the clinicopathological features , including NRP expression . ^^^ These results suggest that NRP 1 overexpression , rather than VEGF A or VEGFR , contributes to tumor progression and has clinical significance for glioma . . ^^^ We examined the gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) A , Flt 1 , KDR , NRP 1 and NRP 2 in 37 gliomas by real time reverse transcriptase PCR ( real time RT PCR ) as well as immunohistochemical analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We observed increased numbers of circulating VEGFR 2 ( + ) / CD11b ( ) cells in the VEGF treated mice by fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis , which likely represent an endothelial precursor population . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Changes in gene expression were determined by RT PCR and quantified by real time PCR for urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , collagenase 1 ( MMP 1 ) , membrane type 1 metalloproteinase ( MT 1 MMP ) , gelatinases A and B ( MMP 2 , MMP 9 ) , tissue inhibitor 2 ( TIMP 2 ) , VEGF and its receptors , Flt 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) , KDR ( VEGFR 2 ) , and neuropilin 1 ( NP 1 ) . ^^^ VEGF receptors KDR and NP 1 were constitutively expressed in EC and up regulated under hypoxic conditions . ^^^ This induction is preceded by MT 1 MMP , MMP 2 , and TIMP 2 mRNA expression , as well as that of the VEGF 165 isoform and its receptors KDR and NP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interestingly , levels of VEGF , VEGF receptors ( KDR , Flt 1 ) , endothelial nitric oxide synthase , phosphorylated Akt ( pAkt ) , estrogen receptor alpha , aromatase , and capillary density in sham operated SHRSP were remarkably down regulated , whereas androgen receptor levels were up regulated , compared with age matched genetic control , Wistar Kyoto rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We previously reported that acute myeloid leukemia ( AML ) cells express VEGF and one or both VEGF A receptors , Flt 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) and KDR ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although N4IC reduced VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) and vascular endothelial ( VE ) cadherin expression , neither of these events is necessary and sufficient to explain N4IC mediated inhibition of sprouting . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) exists in three main splice variants , characterized by 121 , 165 and 189 amino acids ( VEGF 121 , VEGF 165 and VEGF 189 ) and acts via two specific receptors : VEGF R 1 or Flt 1 and VEGF R 2 or KDR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
EPAS 1 shares high homology with hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha ( HIF 1alpha ) and is reported to transactivate vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , fetal liver kinase 1 ( Flk 1 ) , and Tie 2 promoters . ^^^ Furthermore , using mouse wound healing models , we demonstrated that adenovirus mediated delivery of EPAS 1 gene significantly induced the expression of VEGF , Flt 1 , Flk 1 , and Tie 2 mRNA at the wound site and promoted mature angiogenesis . ^^^ In conclusion , EPAS 1 promotes Flt 1 gene expression and induces mRNA expression of VEGF , Flk 1 , and Tie 2 , leading to enhancement of mature angiogenesis in vivo . ^^^ Thus , EPAS 1 may contribute to the construction of mature vessels by modulating the coordinated expressions of VEGF , Flt 1 , Flk 1 , and Tie2 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interestingly , caveolin transfection in Cav / ECs redirected the VEGFR 2 in caveolar membranes and restored the VEGF induced ERK and eNOS activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have demonstrated that reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) derived from the small GTPase Rac 1 dependent NAD ( P ) H oxidase are involved in vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) mediated endothelial responses mainly through the VEGF type 2 receptor ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^ In cultured ECs , VEGF stimulation rapidly promotes recruitment of Rac 1 to IQGAP 1 , which inducibly binds to VEGFR 2 and which , in turn , is associated with tyrosine phosphorylation of IQGAP 1 . ^^^ These results suggest that IQGAP 1 functions as a VEGFR 2 associated scaffold protein to organize ROS dependent VEGF signaling , thereby promoting EC migration and proliferation , which may contribute to repair and maintenance of the functional integrity of established blood vessels . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors ( VEGFR ) have been implicated in promoting solid tumor growth and metastasis via stimulating tumor associated angiogenesis . ^^^ Here we show that certain `` liquid ' ' tumors such as acute myeloid leukemia not only produce VEGF but also express functional VEGFR , resulting in an autocrine loop for tumor growth and propagation . ^^^ A fully human anti VEGFR 2 ( or kinase insert domain containing receptor , KDR ) antibody , IMC 2C6 , strongly blocks KDR / VEGF interaction and neutralizes VEGF stimulated activation of KDR in endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF promotes the proliferation , survival , and differentiation of vascular endothelial cells by stimulating autophosphorylation and activation of VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 , fetal liver kinase 1 , and kinase insert domain containing receptor ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Foremost among these is the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) family including VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 and 1 . ^^^ Similar to sVEGFR 1 and other soluble circulating RTKs , sVEGFR 2 may have regulatory consequences with respect to VEGF mediated angiogenesis as well as potential to serve as a quantitative biomarker of angiogenesis and antiangiogenic drug activity , particularly for drugs that target VEGF or VEGFR 2 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) , and VEGF receptors , fms like tyrosine kinase ( Flt 1 ) and kinase insert domain containing region ( KDR ) , and bFGF receptor 1 ( Flg ) were examined in the endometrium of rhesus monkey on Day 5 , 10 , 16 , 20 , 25 of menstrual cycle and on Day 19 of early pregnancy . ^^^ The expression of mRNA and protein of VEGF was correlated with that of its receptor KDR , which was detected in epithelial , vascular , and myometrial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We demonstrate here that human lymphoma cells secrete vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and express VEGF receptor 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) and VEGFR 2 . ^^^ Proliferation of non Hodgkin lymphoma ( NHL ) cells under serum free conditions was enhanced by the addition of VEGF and was blocked by VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 specific antibodies . ^^^ To differentiate between VEGF mediated autocrine and paracrine effects on lymphoma growth , NOD / SCID mice engrafted with human diffuse large B cell lymphoma ( DLBCL ) were treated with species specific antibodies against human VEGFR 1 ( 6 . 12 ) , human VEGFR 2 ( IMC 1C11 ) , murine VEGFR 1 ( MF 1 ) , or murine VEGFR 2 ( DC 101 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Most interestingly , strong expression of PDGFR alpha and beta was found in spindle shaped tumour cells and tumour vessels in HP , while VEGF and VEGFR type 1 and 2 were negative in these regions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Exposure of endothelial cells to vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) induced tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase ( FAK ) on site Tyr ( 407 ) , an effect that required the association of VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) with HSP 90 . ^^^ Our findings underscore for the first time the key role played by the VEGFR 2 HSP90 RhoA ROCK FAK / Tyr ( 407 ) pathway in transducing the VEGF signal that leads to the assembly of focal adhesions and endothelial cell migration . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treating 293 cells ( but not HFF ) with a VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) inhibitor significantly lowered infection . ^^^ These findings suggest that targeting VEGF / VEGFR may prove efficacious in controlling HHV 8 associated pathogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro , the oxoindolinone MAE 87 inhibits angiogenic signal transduction by blocking tyrosine kinase receptors including VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) , IGF 1R , fibroblast GF 1R and epidermal GFR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The hyperglycemia induced expression of VEGF 165 and its receptor VEGF receptor 2 ( flk 1 ) was ameliorated in PKC alpha ( / ) mice , whereas expression of TGF beta 1 was not affected by the lack of PKC alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibition by flk 1 kinase inhibitor SU 1498 and failure of placental growth factor ( PlGF ) to up regulate DAF confirmed the role of VEGF R 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Coexpression of mutant KDR antagonized VEGF enhanced neurogenesis and learning without inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation . ^^^ These data support a model in which VEGF , acting through KDR , mediates the effect of the environment on neurogenesis and cognition . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We used old C57BL / 6J mice that are affected by rapid and severe age related hearing loss , and analyzed the expression pattern of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , a prototypical angiogenic cytokine , and its receptors Flt 1 and Flk 1 in the inner ear . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Biweekly treatment with vehicle or the VEGF Trap , a high affinity soluble decoy receptor incorporating regions of VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , was begun 1 week later ( 100 or 500 micrograms / dose , n=20 in each group ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of the VEGF receptor , KDR , and phospholipase Cgamma ( PLCgamma ) was unaffected in conditions in which PF 4 inhibited VEGF ( 121 ) induced DNA synthesis . ^^^ In contrast , VEGF ( 165 ) induced phosphorylation of KDR and PLCgamma was partially inhibited by PF 4 . ^^^ These observations are consistent with PF 4 affecting the binding of VEGF ( 165 ) , but not that of VEGF ( 121 ) , to KDR . ^^^ Finally , the mechanism by which PF 4 may inhibit the endothelial cell proliferation induced by both VEGF ( 121 ) and VEGF ( 165 ) , involving disruption of the MAP kinase signalling pathway downstream from KDR did not seem to involve CXCR3B activation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate whether VEGF and VEGF receptor [ kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) and Flt 1 ] expression are lower with obesity , vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained from eight obese and eight lean young sedentary men before and 2 h after a 1 h submaximal aerobic exercise bout for the measurement of VEGF , KDR , Flt 1 , and skeletal muscle fiber and capillary characteristics . ^^^ Exercise increased VEGF ( 10 fold ) , KDR ( 3 fold ) , and Flt 1 ( 5 fold ) mRNA independent of group . ^^^ There were no differences in VEGF , KDR , or Flt 1 protein between groups . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During the first week of treatment , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , VEGF receptor 1 ( Flt 1 ) , and basic fibroblast growth factor proteins were higher in the treated group , whereas VEGF receptor 2 ( Flk 1 ) , angiopoietin 1 , and angiopoietin 2 were not affected by treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Apart from its prominent role in angiogenesis , VEGF has been shown to have direct effects on neuronal and glial cells through activation of different VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) types . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The in situ production of superoxide anion and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , its receptor VEGFR 2 , hypoxia inducible factor ( HIF ) 1alpha , von Hippel Lindau ( VHL ) protein , and NAD ( P ) H oxidase ( p47phox and p67phox subunits ) were determined in cortical tissue . ^^^ In contrast , expression of HIF 1alpha , VEGF , and VEGFR 2 protein was downregulated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its family of receptors ( VEGFR ) play a critical role in cancer progression by promoting new blood vessel formation . ^^^ Overexpression of VEGF and VEGFR has been correlated with poor prognosis in a variety of malignancies . ^^^ Compounds currently under investigation in cancer therapy include anti VEGF / VEGFR antibodies , small molecule VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors , antisense suppression of VEGF , immunotherapy , viral directed targeting of VEGFR signaling , ribozymes , and various toxin conjugates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , the relationship between STAT 3 phosphorylation and VEGF stimulation in ovarian carcinoma cells was investigated using a peptide which could specifically bind VEGFR 2 and thus block the binding of VEGF to its receptors . ^^^ A small peptide specific for VEGFR 2 , blocked the increase of STAT 3 phosphorylation induced by VEGF in a dose dependent manner and 80 micro mol / L was the effective dose ( P < 0 . 001 ) . ^^^ It suggests that STAT 3 participates in the VEGF signal transduction mediated by VEGFR 2 in ovarian carcinoma cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The use of other methods ( ELISA , Western blotting , and confocal microscopy ) provided additional evidence that cannabinoids depressed the VEGF pathway by decreasing the production of VEGF and the activation of VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 , the most prominent VEGF receptor , in cultured glioma cells and in mouse gliomas . ^^^ Cannabinoid induced inhibition of VEGF production and VEGFR 2 activation was abrogated both in vitro and in vivo by pharmacological blockade of ceramide biosynthesis . ^^^ Moreover , intratumoral administration of the cannabinoid Delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol to two patients with glioblastoma multiforme ( grade 4 astrocytoma ) decreased VEGF levels and VEGFR 2 activation in the tumors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , production of the VEGF receptor Flk 1 was more enhanced in ischaemic + DMOG treated muscles ( P < 0 . 001 and P < 0 . 05 compared with controls and untreated ischaemic muscles , respectively ) , which may explain the intensive growth of capillaries in those muscles . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To explore the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors ( flt 1 and flk 1 ) in the retina of retinopathy of prematurity ( ROP ) , and its relation to the alteration of retinal blood vessels . ^^^ The expression of VEGF , flt 1 and flk 1 in the retina was measured by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ RESULTS : The retinal capillary density index ( RCDI ) in control group increased as days went on ( F = 21 . 589 , P < 0 . 01 , but it was the least on the 7th day in hyperoxia group , after the rats had been returned to air for 7 days , RCDI increased significantly ( F = 67 . 885 , P < 0 . 01 ) ; In the control group , the expression of VEGF and flk 1 was the strongest in the retina on the 7th day , the result had significant difference as compared with the 1st and 14th day ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ The expression of VEGF and flk 1 on the 7th day in hyperoxia group was weaker than that of control group ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ CONCLUSION : When the premature retina was exposed to hyperoxia , the expression of VEGF and flk 1 was reduced , and retinal blood vessels were also decreased ; but the expression of VEGF and flk 1 was stronger in retina when premature rats were exposed to relative hypoxia , and the retinal blood vessels also increased significantly . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
More importantly , spheroidal coculture of endothelial cells and osteoblasts leads to significant changes of gene expression in both cell populations ( upregulation of VEGFR 2 in EC ; downregulation of VEGF , and upregulation of alkaline phosphatase in osteoblasts ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Antitumour efficacy of VEGFR 2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor correlates with expression of VEGF and its receptor VEGFR 2 in tumour models . ^^^ During the development of indazolylpyrimidines as novel and potent inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) tyrosine kinase , we observed that some human tumour xenografts are more sensitive to VEGFR 2 kinase inhibitors than others . ^^^ We investigated the association between VEGF and VEGFR 2 expression and the antitumour efficacy of GW 654652 , in various xenograft models . ^^^ Statistically significant associations were observed between the antitumour efficacy of GW 654652 in xenografts and VEGF protein ( P=0 . 005 ) and VEGFR 2 expression ( P=0 . 041 ) . ^^^ The oral dose of GW 654652 producing 50 % inhibition of tumour growth ( ED ( 50 ) ) decreased with increasing levels of VEGF ( r= 0 . 94 ) ; and , in contrast , the ED ( 50 ) increased with the increased expression of VEGFR 2 ( r=0 . 82 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Members of the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) family are key stimulators that interact with two tyrosine kinase receptors , VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 1 and 2 ; binding to two other receptors that lack tyrosine kinase activity , the neuropilins , is also important . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vegf ( + / ) or Vegf ( / ) ES cells generate proper numbers of FLK 1 ( + ) cells but fewer BL CFCs , suggesting that additional factors regulated by HIF ( other than VEGF ) are involved in these early events . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : The tissue samples of 42 primary ovarian epithelial carcinoma , 29 benign ovarian tumor and 11 normal ovarian tissue were used to determine the expression of VEGF , VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , P STAT 1 , P STAT 3 , P STAT 5 and P STAT 6 proteins by immunohistochemical staining . ^^^ However , in ovarian carcinoma cells , expressions of VEGF , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 were significantly correlated with P STAT 3 and P STAT 5 , but not with P STAT 1 and P STAT 6 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human small cell lung cancer cells express functional VEGF receptors , VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 . ^^^ We examined expression of VEGF and VEGF C , and their receptors , VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 , in five SCLC cell lines , NCI H 82 , H 209 , H 510 , H 526 and H 660 , by Western blotting . ^^^ We also examined whether VEGF addition and VEGF D addition cause phosphorylation of the mitogen activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) as well as VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 . ^^^ VEGF , VEGF C , VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 were detectable by Western blotting in all five SCLC cell lines , . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Homologs of vascular endothelial growth factor and receptor , VEGF and VEGFR , in the jellyfish Podocoryne carnea . ^^^ Their effects are mediated by receptor tyrosine kinases of the VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) family located on endothelial cells and include stimulation of cell survival , proliferation , migration , and tube formation as well as regulation of vascular permeability . ^^^ Here , we report the presence of VEGF and VEGFR homologous genes in a basal invertebrate of the phylum Cnidaria . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the presence of FGF 2 in the medium up regulated the expression of both VEGF receptors ( VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 ) , whereas oestradiol or VEGF treatment showed no effect on the expression of these receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ZD 6474 , an inhibitor of inhibitor of VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) tyrosine kinase with additional activity against EGF receptor ( EGFR ) , on tumor growth and angiogenesis in an orthotopic model of gastric cancer . ^^^ In addition , VEGF mediated activation of VEGFR 2 and Erk 1 / 2 was decreased in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To compare the mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors ( KDR and flt 1 ) in the implantation and nonimplantation sites of the human oviduct with ectopic gestation . ^^^ RESULT ( S ) : The mRNA expression of VEGF and its receptors , both KDR and flt 1 , was significantly higher in the implantation site of the human oviduct with ectopic gestation compared with the nonimplantation site . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we describe such a molecular marker , increased plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , in normal or tumor bearing mice that received injections of an anti VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 monoclonal antibody , such as DC 101 . ^^^ RAFL 1 , another anti VEGFR 2 antibody , also caused a significant increase in plasma VEGF . ^^^ In contrast , increases in mouse VEGF levels were not seen when small molecule VEGFR 2 inhibitors were tested in normal mice . ^^^ Plasma VEGF should be considered as a possible surrogate pharmacodynamic marker for determining the optimal biological dose of antibody drugs that block VEGFR 2 ( KDR ) activity in a clinical setting . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VE cadherin induced changes in VEGFR 2 levels were paralleled by a corresponding shift in the VEGF dependent activation of MAPK signaling , which demonstrated the functional relevance of varying the VEGFR 2 levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At 7 days , there were persistently elevated levels of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) ( 2 . 5 fold ) and circulating VEGF receptor 2 / CD11 ( ) ( flk 1 ( + ) / CD11 ( ) ) cells ( 18 fold ) which correlated with increased numbers of BM derived EPCs within ischemic tissue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor VEGFR 2 in the regulation of corneal neovascularization and wound healing . ^^^ PURPOSE : To study the change in expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor VEGFR 2 in the rabbit cornea and limbus following a penetrating , central corneal alkali burn . ^^^ The influence of different cells on VEGF and VEGFR 2 expression was studied by excluding granulocytes from the wound area . ^^^ RESULTS : Both VEGF and VEGFR 2 are strongly expressed in the frontline of repopulating epithelial , stromal and endothelial cells during wound healing , irrespective of granulocyte presence . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have recently shown that stimulation of endothelial cells with vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) induces dissociation of caveolin 1 from the VEGFR 2 receptor , followed by Src family kinase dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of the protein ( Labrecque , L . , Royal , I . , Surprenant , D . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We analyzed the genetic polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors [ Fms related tyrosine kinase 1 , kinase insert domain receptor ( KDR ) ] in Japanese patients with Kawasaki disease ( KD ) and normal control subjects to examine whether these genes would contribute to the KD occurrence and / or the development of coronary artery lesion ( CAL ) in KD . ^^^ These findings suggested that VEGF and its receptor , KDR , genes contributed to the development of CAL in KD patients . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The sFlt 1 gene transfer did not affect plasma lipid levels but attenuated increased expression of VEGF , Flt 1 , Flk 1 , monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 , and other inflammation promoting factors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the other hand , the tyrosine kinase VEGF receptor VEGFR 2 was robustly expressed by endothelial cells throughout the extensive DRG capillary network , but not found at either the transcript or protein level in sensory neurons or other nonendothelial cells of the DRG . ^^^ Both soluble receptor sequestration of VEGF and small molecule kinase inhibition of VEGFR 2 signaling rapidly disrupted the connectivity , branching , and structural integrity of the capillary network of embryonic DRG ; this effect was no longer evident postnatally . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
After the tumor was harvested , the tumor volumes were determined , and the expressions of CD 34 , VEGF and Flk 1 were examined by immunohistochemical method . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Endostatin can inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis by blocking Vegf / Flk 1 pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemical staining revealed strikingly different distribution of VEGF , Flt 1 , and Flk 1 in lumbar motor neurons . ^^^ VEGF was observed both in the nuclei and perikarya , while Flk 1 had cytoplasmic and Flt 1 perinuclear localization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Increased migration of metastatic prostate cancer cells to fibronectin and bone sialoprotein was regulated by VEGF via VEGFR 2 . ^^^ Tumor suppressor PTEN was involved in control of VEGF / VEGFR 2 stimulated prostate cancer cell adhesion as well as proliferation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To explain the difference in pathology between these two very similar exposure protocols , retinal levels of proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) and anti angiogenic pigment epithelium derived factor ( PEDF ) were measured by ELISA and western blot analysis at 0 , 2 , and 6 days post exposure . ^^^ Therefore , the difference in pathology observed between these two experimental paradigms is associated with differences in whole retinal VEGF levels , but not changes in whole retinal VEGFR 2 or PEDF levels . ^^^ The results of this study suggest the existence of a threshold in the rat model of OIR , such that a small change in blood oxygen profile triggers a disproportionate increase in subsequent neovascularization , which is accompanied by more dramatic changes of retinal VEGF level than VEGFR 2 or PEDF level . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of placenta growth factor is regulated by both VEGF and hyperglycaemia via VEGFR 2 . ^^^ The increase in PlGF expression could be totally abolished by blocking VEGFR 2 , and in the case of glucose by neutralising VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using an endothelial tube formation assay , tyrosine kinase domain deleted VEGF receptor KDR effectively abolished the tube formation under the first intron . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemical staining of uteri and pituitaries was performed under strictly controlled conditions for VEGF and its receptor VEGFR 2 , Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 and their tyrosine kinase receptor Tie 2 , and platelet endothelial adhesion factor ( as an index of vascularity ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pharmacological blockade of VEGF , VEGFR 2 , or Src stabilizes endothelial barrier function and suppresses tumor cell extravasation in vivo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The role of the vascular endothelial growth factors ( VEGF ) receptors ( KDR and Flt 1 ) and their characteristics in VEGF induced vasodilation in human vessels is unclear . ^^^ The cumulative concentration ( 12 to 8 log10M ) relaxation curves were established for VEGF , KDR SM , Flt 1 SM , and placenta growth factor ( PlGF ) in the absence or presence of indomethacin ( INDO , 7 microM ) , N nitro L arginine ( L NNA , 300 microM ) , L NNA + oxyhemoglobin ( HbO , 20 microM ) , or INDO + L NNA + HbO . ^^^ The maximal relaxation induced by KDR SM ( 53 . 0 + / 4 . 0 % ) was only slightly less than that by VEGF ( P = 0 . 075 ) but significantly more than that by Flt 1 SM ( P = 0 . 001 , 95 % CI 7 . 8 41 . 1 % ) . ^^^ Pretreatment of INDO or L NNA + HbO significantly ( P < 0 . 001 ) inhibited the relaxation by VEGF ( 21 . 2 + / 3 . 9 % or 23 . 3 + / 4 . 3 % ) and KDR SM ( 9 . 8 + / 8 . 2 % or 10 . 1 + / 17 . 8 % ) . ^^^ INDO + L NNA + HbO completely inhibited the relaxation by VEGF , KDR SM , or Flt 1 SM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of both VEGF receptor 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) and VEGFR 2 was upregulated both in the satellite cells of the damaged muscles and during myotube formation in vitro ; the VEGF effect was mediated by the VEGFR 2 , since the transfer of PlGF , a VEGF family member interacting with the VEGFR 1 , was ineffective . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Self assembling nanoparticles with siRNA were constructed with polyethyleneimine ( PEI ) that is PEGylated with an Arg Gly Asp ( RGD ) peptide ligand attached at the distal end of the polyethylene glycol ( PEG ) , as a means to target tumor neovasculature expressing integrins and used to deliver siRNA inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGF R 2 ) expression and thereby tumor angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In endothelial cells , NRP 1 serves as a co receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and regulates VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) dependent angiogenesis . ^^^ Using RNA interference mediated silencing of NRP 1 or VEGFR 2 in primary human endothelial cells , we confirm that NRP 1 modulates VEGFR 2 signaling dependent mitogenic functions of VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Together with flt 1 ( VEGF receptor 1 ) and flk 1 ( VEGF receptor 2 ) , neuropilin ( NP ) is frequently described as being involved in the neuroprotective effects of VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF protein levels in tissue lysates were measured by ELISA , and VEGF and KDR mRNA levels were determined using quantitative PCR . ^^^ RESULTS : At the amputation level , VEGF protein and VEGF and KDR mRNA levels in CLI limbs were similar to those in controls . ^^^ VEGF and KDR mRNA levels in the vicinity of gangrene / ulcers ( VEGF P=0 . 01 , KDR P=0 . 03 ) also were elevated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PURPOSE : SU 5416 is a novel small organic molecule that non competitively inhibits the phosphorylation of the VEGF tyrosine kinase receptor , Flk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to the recognized mechanism of inhibition of VEGFR , we uncovered a novel mechanism of angiogenesis suppression by demonstrating reduced VEGF expression in SU 5416 treated xenografts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These phenomena are all linked to a decreased level of VEGF expression and loss of autocrine response of VEGFR 2 in HIF 1alpha null EC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) induces angiogenesis by stimulating endothelial cell ( EC ) proliferation and migration primarily through the receptor tyrosine kinase VEGF receptor 2 ( Flk1 / KDR ) . ^^^ VEGF binding initiates tyrosine phosphorylation of KDR , which results in activation of downstream signaling enzymes including ERK1 / 2 , Akt and eNOS , which contribute to angiogenic related responses in EC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Finally , we found that RGS 4 reduced endothelial cell response to VEGF by decreasing VEGF receptor 2 ( KDR ) expression . ^^^ We therefore propose RGS 4 as a novel antagonist of epithelial and endothelial cell tubulogenesis that selectively antagonizes intracellular signaling by G proteins and VEGF , thereby inhibiting cell proliferation , migration , and invasion , and VEGF and KDR expression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF receptor 2 ( Flk 1 ) protein levels increased in HUVEC and RCMEC in a time dependent manner , but the increase occurred much earlier in RCMEC than in HUVEC . ^^^ The enhancement of Flk 1 protein level was not inhibited by addition of VEGF neutralizing antibodies , indicating that VEGF is not involved in stretch induced Flk 1 expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Colonic specimens were taken from 42 patients with ulcerative colitis ( UC ) , 37 with Crohn ' s disease ( CD ) , 8 with non IBD colitis , and 21 normal controls . ( 1 ) Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , VEGF receptors ( Flt 1 , KDR ) , and Ets 1 proteins in colonic mucosa was immunohistochemically examined using specific antibodies . ( 2 ) Expression of Ets 1 protein or VEGF , Flt 1 , KDR , and Ets 1 mRNA in colonic mucosa was measured by Western blot or RT PCR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , we have investigated a series of proteins , known to be involved in angiogenesis , including von Hippel Lindau protein ( pVHL ) , hypoxia inducible factor 1a ( HIF 1a ) , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , fetal liver kinase 1 ( Flk 1 ) , and endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS , iNOS ) by immunohistochemistry on paraffin embedded lung tissue of CDH patients ( n = 13 ) , patients with lung hypoplasia due to other causes ( n = 20 ) , and normal controls ( n = 33 ) . pVHL was expressed more frequently in the arterial smooth muscle cells of CDH lungs compared with both other groups . ^^^ No differences were observed in the expression patterns of VEGF , Flk 1 , eNOS , and iNOS between the different groups . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Expression of VEGF / KDR and Angiopoietins / Tie2 was detected by RT PCR and Western blot in 15 cases with hepatocellular carcinoma , 15 tumor adjacent tissues ( < 1 cm , > 5 cm ) , 8 cirrhotic liver , and 4 normal liver . ^^^ CONCLUSION : VEGF / KDR and Angiopoietins / Tie2 may be the crucial signal pathways in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
EC proliferation in response to VEGF ( 165 ) ( 10 ng / ml ) with or without anti VEGFR 2 neutralization antibody pretreatment was analyzed by [ ( 3 ) H ] thymidine incorporation . ^^^ After blocking VEGFR 2 with neutralization antibody , TNF alpha treatment elicited a 30 % reduction of EC proliferation in response to VEGF ( 165 ) . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : These data demonstrate that HUVECs express higher mRNA levels of NRP 1 and NRP 2 than those of VEGFRs , and TNF alpha treatment significantly decreases the expression of VEGFR 2 , VEGFR 3 , and NRP 1 , which may be responsible for TNF alpha induced reduction of EC proliferation in response to VEGF ( 165 ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study was designed to test the hypothesis that ( a ) the cervix of pregnant rats expresses vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and components of the angiogenic signaling pathway [ VEGF receptors ( Flt 1 , KDR ) , activity of protein kinase B , Akt ( phosphorylated Akt ) , and endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ) ] and von Willebrand Factor ( vWF ) and that these molecules undergo changes with pregnancy , and ( b ) bilateral pelvic neurectomy ( BLPN ) alters levels of VEGF concentration in the cervix . ^^^ VEGF receptor 2 ( KDR ) ir was confined to the epithelium of the endocervix . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Other markers , such as the PECAM 1 ( CD 31 ) , VCAM 1 ( CD 54 ) and VEGF receptor ( flk 1 ) , have been shown to be upregulated on tumor endothelium and associated with angiogenesis but have not been used in imaging studies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : In 107 AML patients , the positive mRNA expression rate of VEGF , KDR and Flt 1 was 56 . 1 % , 49 . 5 % , and 2 . 8 % , respectively ; for bFGF and FGFR 1 4 , the positive rate was 21 . 5 % , 35 . 5 % , 9 . 4 % , 35 . 5 % and 23 . 4 % , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Alterations of angiogenic competence in ZDF rats were associated with altered expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , reduced expression of Flk 1 , and neuropilin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Compared with normal mice , 1 year old ApoE ( / ) mice fed on a high fat diet ( HFD ) had about 30 % less myocardial capillary ( P < 0 . 001 ) and arteriolar ( P < 0 . 03 ) densities , associated with decreased VEGF ( 55 % ) , VEGFR 1 ( 56 % ) and VEGFR 2 ( 78 % ) mRNA expressions and myocardial endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ) production ( 58 % ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , endothelial cells isolated from beta ( 3 ) null mice show elevated levels of Flk 1 ( VEGF receptor 2 ) expression , suggesting that beta ( 3 ) integrin can control the amplitude of VEGF responses by controlling Flk 1 levels or activity . ^^^ Moreover , beta ( 3 ) null endothelial cells exhibit enhanced migration and proliferation in response to VEGF in vitro , and this phenotype requires Flk 1 signaling . ^^^ Upon VEGF stimulation , beta ( 3 ) null endothelial cells exhibit higher levels of phosphorylated Flk 1 and extracellular related kinases 1 and 2 than wild type endothelial cells . ^^^ These data confirm that VEGF signaling via Flk 1 is enhanced in beta ( 3 ) integrin deficient mice and suggests that this increase may mediate the enhanced angiogenesis and tumor growth observed in these mice in vivo . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Shear stress induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Flk 1 in Flk 1 ( + ) ES cells that was blocked by a Flk 1 kinase inhibitor , SU 1498 , but not by a neutralizing antibody against VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Ovine left ( LV ) and right ventricle ( RV ) samples were obtained at four time points : 95 days ' and 140 days ' gestation ( term = 145 days ) and 7 days and 8 weeks postnatally . mRNA and protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , its respective receptors ( Flk 1 and Flt 1 ) , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) , transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) , and endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ) were measured at these different time points . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Developmentally regulated ventricle specific expression of VEGF , Flt 1 , Flk 1 , TGF beta 1 , bFGF , and eNOS was demonstrated in the ovine myocardium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of this study was to determine whether novel ERalpha selective agonists , propyl pyrazole triol ( PPT ) and the tetrahydrochrysene ( R , R THC ) , up regulate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) , and promote VEGF stimulated endothelial cell proliferation in primary cultures of adult female microvascular endothelial cells co expressing endogenous ERalpha and ERbeta . ^^^ METHODS : Confluent primary cultures of microvascular endothelial cells isolated from human myometrium were incubated with 17beta estradiol ( 1 and 10 nM ) , PPT ( 10 nM to 3 microM ) , or R , R THC ( 10 nM to 3 microM ) for 18 hours and VEGFR 2 expression measured by biotin VEGF 165 binding and flow cytometry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To evaluate a possible contribution of the VEGF receptors , we performed immunohistochemical stainings of VEGF R 1 ( flt ) , R 2 ( KDR , flk ) , and Neuropilin 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN : Real time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR was used to measure levels of mRNA of tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis related factors [ vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) A , VEGF C , VEGF D , Flt 1 , KDR , Flt 4 , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 1 , Tie 2 , cyclooxygenase 2 , fibroblast growth factor 2 ( FGF 2 ) , Egr 1 , Prox 1 , and LYVE 1 ] in tumor specimens of 16 inflammatory breast cancer and 20 noninflammatory breast cancer patients . ^^^ RESULTS : Inflammatory breast cancer specimens had significantly higher mRNA expression levels than noninflammatory breast cancer specimens of the following genes : KDR ( P = 0 . 033 ) , Ang 1 , ( P = 0 . 0001 ) , Tie 1 ( P = 0 . 001 ) , Tie 2 ( P = 0 . 001 ) , FGF 2 ( P = 0 . 002 ) , VEGF C ( P = 0 . 001 ) , VEGF D ( P = 0 . 012 ) , Flt 4 ( P = 0 . 001 ) , Prox 1 ( P = 0 . 005 ) , and LYVE 1 ( P = 0 . 013 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Urinary gonadotrophins but not recombinant gonadotrophins reduce expression of VEGF 120 and its receptors flt 1 and flk 1 in the mouse uterus during the peri implantation period . ^^^ RESULTS : Urinary gonadotrophin treatment caused lower levels of VEGF 120 , flt 1 and flk 1 mRNA levels , reduced the size of the embryo implantation site , delayed implantation and prolonged the gestational period . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) / VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) pathway regulates proliferation , survival , and permeability of vasculature . ^^^ We hypothesized that the VEGF / VEGFR 2 pathway plays a critical role in regulating angiogenic events in the corpora lutea of pregnancy . ^^^ Potential clinical applications of inhibitors of the VEGF / VEGFR 2 pathway include emergency contraception and medical treatment of ectopic and abnormal intrauterine pregnancies . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF produced by tumor cells stimulates endothelial cell growth through the binding and activation of the KDR / Flk 1 receptor ( VEGFR 2 ) on endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ZD 6474 is a novel , orally available inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor 2 ( KDR ) tyrosine kinase , with additional activity against epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) tyrosine kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Then we discuss the role of growths factors ( such as FGV , HIF 1 , PDGF B , TGFbeta 1 , VEGF , and VEGFR 2 ) and genes ( such as FOG 2 , VCAM 1 , Bves , and RALDH 2 ) at different states of coronary development . and we discuss the role of the cardiac neural crest in the concurrence of coronary anomalies with aortic root malformations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor flk 1 play a key role in tumor angiogenesis . ^^^ Blocking VEGF flk 1 pathway may inhibit tumor growth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) regulates vasculogenesis and angiogenesis by using two tyrosine kinase receptors , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 . ^^^ In VEGFR 1 ( TM TK ) ( / ) mice with growth arrest , membrane targeted VEGF was reduced , resulting in the suppression of VEGFR 2 phosphorylation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemical staining for vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , its receptors Flk 1 and Flt 1 , ephrin B 2 , MIB 1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) was performed using standard immunohistochemical techniques . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Some of these cells were simultaneously positive for CD 34 , VEGF , and one of its receptors , Flk 1 , and they showed definite mRNA as well as protein signals for tenascin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Exposure of wild type , VEGFR 1 ( / ) , or VEGFR 2 ( / ) embryonic stem cells to exogenous VEGF or the VEGFR 1 specific ligand , placental growth factor , revealed distinct roles of VEGF receptors . ^^^ VEGFR 1 is the primary mediator of the VEGF inhibition of DC maturation , whereas VEGFR 2 tyrosine kinase signaling is essential for early hemopoietic differentiation , but only marginally affects final DC maturation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although much is known about the biology of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its cognate receptors ( VEGFRs ) , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , little is known about the roles of the VEGFRs neuropilin ( NP ) 1 and NP 2 in the primate endometrium . ^^^ A recent study showed that blockade of VEGF action can inhibit luminal epithelial cell proliferation , but there is no evidence of VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 expression in these cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gene expression levels of VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) and ERs after photocoagulation were compared between genders using real time PCR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its cognate receptor KDR has been linked to a more aggressive phenotype of human prostate carcinomas . ^^^ The importance of signal transduction through the VEGF receptor 2 is illustrated by use of soluble KDR , which binds to VEGF and sequesters this ligand before its binding to cellular receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF activity is mediated by two receptors , VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( Flk 1 / KDR ) , which are expressed primarily in vascular endothelial cells . ^^^ Reduced cycle , specific primer , reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the expression of VEGF and its receptors , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 . ^^^ VEGF and its receptors , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , increase expression during skin development and dermal differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ZD 6474 ( N ( 4 bromo 2 fluorophenyl ) 6 methoxy 7 [ ( 1 methylpiperidin 4 yl ) methoxy ] quinazolin 4 amine ) is a potent VEGF receptor 2 ( KDR ) tyrosine kinase inhibitor ( TKI ) that has additional activity versus the epidermal growth factor receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ROP eyes were further analyzed for changes in VEGF and VEGF receptor ( Flt 1 and Flk 1 ) protein content following rapamycin treatment . ^^^ Quantitative analysis of total protein via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) confirmed an increase in Flt 1 and VEGF , following drug treatment , with no effect on Flk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA chip analysis revealed that T 3 specifically down regulates the expression of VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) in endothelial cells . ^^^ It is well known that VEGF regulates angiogenesis by binding to VEGFR . ^^^ Therefore , T 3 could block the intracellular signaling of VEGF via down regulation of VEGFR , which resulted in the inhibition of angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : The expression of VEGF and KDR protein in remission patients was 5 . 3 ( 3 . 3 9 . 0 ) and 2 . 0 ( 1 . 0 4 . 0 ) being significantly lower than newly diagnosed untreated patients 6 . 0 ( 3 . 3 12 . 0 ) and 5 . 3 ( 3 . 3 8 . 0 ) ( P < 0 . 05 , 0 . 01 ) . ^^^ In relapsed patients the expression of VEGF and KDR was significantly increased as compared with that in newly diagnosed patients . ^^^ Expression of VEGF and KDR protein was significantly higher in patients with a high degree of bone marrow microvessel counts as compared with those with a low degree and the expression correlated well with microvessel counts ( P < 0 . 01 ) . ^^^ There was a positive correlation of the percentage of bone marrow blasts with VEGF and KDR expression in AML patients ( r = 0 . 429 , 0 . 359 ; P = 0 . 005 , 0 . 02 ) , and with VEGF expression in ALL patients ( r = 0 . 522 ; P = 0 . 03 ) . ^^^ VEGF and its cellular receptor KDR may constitute promising targets for antiangiogenic and antileukemic treatment strategies . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor VEGFR 2 play a central role in angiogenesis , which is necessary for solid tumors to expand and metastasize . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Essential role of Flk 1 ( VEGF receptor 2 ) tyrosine residue 1173 in vasculogenesis in mice . ^^^ Flk 1 ( human counterpart , KDR ) tyrosine kinase , which is one of the two VEGF receptors , is crucial for vascular development . ^^^ Recently , we showed that , among tyrosine residues of KDR , tyrosine residues 1175 ( Y 1175 , corresponding to Y 1173 in murine Flk 1 ) and Y 1214 ( Y 1212 in Flk 1 ) are autophosphorylated in response to VEGF , and that Y 1175 is important for VEGF dependent phospholipase Cgamma / PKC / mitogen activated protein kinase activation leading to DNA synthesis in cultured endothelial cells . ^^^ Flk 1 ( human counterpart , KDR ) tyrosine kinase , which is one of the two VEGF receptors , is crucial for vascular development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF induced the expression of vasohibin , and this induction was abrogated by anti VEGFR 2 mAb but not by anti VEGFR 1 mAb . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
AIM : The aim of this study was to investigate the antivasculature effects and the antitumor effects of combining attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccine strain encoding murine vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor 2 ( flk 1 ) with plasmid DNA vector encoding the murine IL 12 ( mIL 12 ) gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we report that ellagic acid ( EA ) , a natural polyphenol found in fruits and nuts , inhibits VEGF induced phosphorylation of VEGFR 2 in endothelial cell ( EC ) as well as PDGF induced phosphorylation of PDGFR in smooth muscle cells , leading to the inhibition of downstream signaling triggered by these receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In parallel , we observed an increased association of VE cadherin with Flk 1 ( VEGF receptor 2 ) during hormonal angiogenesis . ^^^ Physical association between Flk 1 , Src , and VE cadherin may thus provide an efficient mechanism for amplification and perpetuation of VEGF stimulated angiogenic processes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We examined the radiological and histological features of , and the influences of the expression of VEGF and its two major receptors , Flt 1 and Flk 1 , on the development of peritumoral brain edema ( PTBE ) in patients with intracranial meningiomas . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vitamins C and E prevent endothelial VEGF and VEGFR 2 overexpression induced by porcine hypercholesterolemic LDL . ^^^ We examined the hypothesis that endothelial VEGF and VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) expression is upregulated by hypercholesterolemic low density lipoprotein ( LDL ) and , because it could be driven by oxidative stress , we tested whether vitamin C and E supplementation could modulate it . ^^^ VEGF , VEGFR 2 , HIF 1 alpha and superoxide anion ( O ( 2 ) ( ) ) productions were measured in porcine coronary endothelial cells ( ECs ) incubated for 48 h with native LDL . ^^^ RESULTS : HC LDL , with high cholesterol ( P < 0 . 05 ) and reduced tocopherol / cholesterol ratio ( P < 0 . 05 ) , increased significantly VEGF and VEGFR 2 ( p < 0 . 001 ) in EC , associated with higher O ( 2 ) ( ) and HIF 1 alpha expression , in comparison with C LDL and HCV LDL . ^^^ The addition of vitamin C and alpha or beta tocopherol to the culture medium prevented the induction of VEGF and VEGFR 2 expression by HC LDL , both at mRNA and protein levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Association between intratumoral free and total VEGF , soluble VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 and prognosis in breast cancer . ^^^ Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptors consist of three cell membrane type receptors ( VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 ) , and soluble form of VEGFR 1 ( sVEGFR 1 ) , an intrinsic negative counterpart of the VEGF . ^^^ In this study , we measured intratumoral protein levels of free and total VEGF , VEGFR 2 and sVEGFR 1 from 202 primary breast cancer tissues and examined their prognostic values . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The consequences of VEGF A sequestration on tumor growth and metastasis were examined by injecting the mice with a soluble VEGFR chimer ( VEGF Trap ) that binds VEGF A with high affinity . ^^^ Analysis of RNA from tumors generated with T3M4 cells revealed that VEGF Trap decreased the expression of VEGFR 1 and neuropilin 1 and 2 . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : VEGF Trap is a potent suppressor of pancreatic tumor growth and metastasis and also may act to attenuate neuropilin 1 and 2 and VEGFR 1 expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Microvessel density ( MVD ) was studied in 28 biopsies using an anti CD 31 antibody . mRNA expression of heparanase ( HPSE 1 ) , VEGF and the VEGF receptor KDR was analyzed in 23 effusions using RT PCR . ^^^ HPSE 1 and VEGF mRNA expression was detected in all 23 effusions using RT PCR , while KDR mRNA was found in 12 / 23 MM . ^^^ KDR mRNA expression correlated with that of both HPSE 1 ( P = 0 . 005 ) and VEGF ( P = 0 . 001 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : To test these hypotheses , we analyzed VEGF mediated responses in vitro using several renal epithelial cell lines [ immortalized rat proximal tubular cells ( IRPT ) , transformed mouse proximal tubular cells ( tsMPT ) , and normal rat kidney cells ( NRK 52E ) ] expressing VEGF receptors ( VEGFR ) . ^^^ RESULTS : We demonstrated that VEGFR 2 phosphorylates upon human recombinant VEGF ( rhVEGF ) exposure , indicating that VEGFR 2 is the signaling receptor . ^^^ CONCLUSION : These in vitro studies indicate that ( 1 ) tubular epithelial cells chemoattract endothelial cells in a paracrine fashion by secreting VEGF , and ( 2 ) VEGF stimulates proliferation and promotes survival of renal epithelial cells in an autocrine manner via VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To investigate the expression and pattern of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its fetal liver kinase 1 ( Flk 1 ) receptor in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia after neurotomy of sciatic nerve in rats . ^^^ Immunohistochemistry and image analysis were used to study the expression of VEGF and its Flk 1 receptor . ^^^ RESULTS : Both VEGF and Flk 1 receptor expressed in the normal rat spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atorvastatin increases VEGF , VEGFR 2 and BDNF expression in the ischemic border . ^^^ In addition , VEGF , VEGFR 2 and BDNF likely contribute to these restorative processes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( KDR / Flk 1 ) could play a role in tissue remodelling and angiogenesis in COPD . ^^^ METHODS : The cellular expression pattern of VEGF , Flt 1 , and KDR / Flk 1 was examined by immunohistochemistry in central and peripheral lung tissues obtained from ex smokers with COPD ( forced expiratory volume in 1 second ( FEV ( 1 ) ) < 75 % predicted ; n = 14 ) or without COPD ( FEV ( 1 ) > 85 % predicted ; n = 14 ) . ^^^ RESULTS : VEGF , Flt 1 , and KDR / Flk 1 immunostaining was localised in vascular and airway smooth muscle ( VSM and ASM ) cells , bronchial , bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium , and macrophages . ^^^ Pulmonary endothelial cells expressed Flt 1 and KDR / Flk 1 abundantly but not VEGF . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : VEGF and its receptors Flt 1 and KDR / Flk 1 may be involved in peripheral vascular and airway remodelling processes in an autocrine and / or paracrine manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The actions of VEGF are mediated through receptors possessing tyrosine kinase activity : VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) , VEGFR 2 ( Kdr / Flk 1 ) and VEGFR 3 ( Flt 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) stimulates endothelial cell ( EC ) migration and proliferation primarily through the VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^ We have shown that VEGF stimulates a Rac 1 dependent NAD ( P ) H oxidase to produce reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) that are involved in VEGFR 2 autophosphorylation and angiogenic related responses in ECs . ^^^ In this study , we show that overexpression of dominant negative ARF 6 [ ARF 6 ( T27N ) ] almost completely inhibits VEGF induced Rac 1 activation , ROS production , and VEGFR 2 autophosphorylation in ECs . ^^^ VEGF stimulation results in the release of VEGFR 2 from caveolae / lipid rafts and caveolin 1 without affecting localization of ARF 6 , Rac 1 , or caveolin 1 in these fractions . ^^^ Immunofluorescence studies show that activated VEGFR 2 and phosphocaveolin colocalize at focal complexes / adhesions after VEGF stimulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The documented salicylate serum VEGF modulation is interesting also for presence of the flk 1 receptor in mammary tumour cells of our model . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND AND AIMS : Recombinant erythropoietin upregulates the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptors , Flt 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) and KDR / Flk 1 ( VEGFR 2 ) , in endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This increase in TAL 1 positive cells was attributed to VEGF induction of VEGF receptor 2 ( Flk 1 ) positive NGM cells that would normally not have been induced due to the limited availability of VEGF in the NGM . ^^^ Finally , we showed that VEGF induced TAL 1 expression in the NGM which resulted in the formation of ectopic structures was mediated by Flk 1 but not Flt 1 signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Neuropilin 1 ( NRP 1 ) and the signaling VEGF receptor , VEGFR 2 , do not interact directly but are bridged by one VEGF isoform , VEGF ( 165 ) . ^^^ With the use of this rate , our model gives predictions in good quantitative agreement with several independent in vitro experiments involving VEGF ( 121 ) and VEGF ( 165 ) isoforms , confirming that VEGFR 2 NRP1 coupling through VEGF ( 165 ) can fully explain the observed differences in receptor binding and phosphorylation in response to these isoforms . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Relative to human VEGF 165 , the binding affinity of Pm VEGF to the VEGFR 1 was 1 . 7 fold higher while affinity to the VEGFR 2 was 17 fold lower . ^^^ Structural comparison among VEGF proteins from various viper venoms revealed that the two subfamilies of vipers ( Crotalinae and Viperinae ) have evolved with distinct receptor specificities for VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) play a key role in vasculogenesis and angiogenic sprouting , which are crucial for tumour development and metastasis . ^^^ VEGF and VEGFR 2 immunohistochemistry in human melanocytic naevi and cutaneous melanomas . ^^^ In order to determine their possible role in the acquisition of metastatic potential throughout melanocytic tumour progression , VEGF and VEGFR 2 immunohistochemical expression were evaluated in 36 human melanocytic tumours of the skin ( 24 malignant melanomas and 12 common naevi ) . ^^^ No associations were found between MVD and VEGF / VEGFR 2 expression . ^^^ Taken together , these data indicate that VEGF production is a common event in benign melanocytic tumours , whereas VEGFR 2 expression , co localized in the cytoplasmic and nuclear membrane , is associated with progression towards invasive melanoma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One such receptor , VEGFR 2 / KDR , plays a key role in VEGF induced angiogenesis . ^^^ Treatment of NIH3T3 / KDR cells with TKI 31 blocked VEGF induced phosphorylation of KDR in a dose dependent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SU 11657 ( SUGEN ) is a selective multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antitumor and antiangiogenic activity exerted by targeting PDGF receptors ( PDGFR ) , VEGF receptors ( VEGFR ) , stem cell factor receptor ( c KIT ) , and FMS related tyrosine kinase 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the expanded ICM , vegf and VEGF receptor 2 ( flk 1 ) were ectopically co expressed , suggesting that an autocrine / paracrine regulation of vegf expression may exist and contribute to the BMP induced hemangiogenic cell proliferation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine the individual roles of VEGF receptors ( VEGFR ) 2 and 1 on postnatal lung growth , neonatal mice were treated with neutralizing antibodies to VEGFR 2 ( DC 101 ) or VEGFR 1 ( MF 1 ) in the perinatal period . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 , also known as flk 1 in mouse ) mediated VEGF signaling is the key rate limiting step in angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Nitric oxide , VEGF , and VEGFR 2 : interactions in activity induced angiogenesis in rat skeletal muscle . ^^^ We studied its interactions with nitric oxide ( NO ) by examining the expression of endothelial NO synthase ( NOS ) , VEGF , and VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) proteins in relation to capillary growth in rat extensor digitorum longus muscles electrically stimulated for 2 , 4 , or 7 days with and without NOS inhibition by N ( omega ) nitro L arginine ( L NNA , 3 mg / day ) . ^^^ NOS inhibition eliminated the increased expression of VEGFR 2 and VEGF proteins in muscles stimulated for 2 and 4 days but not for 7 days . ^^^ We conclude that , in stimulated muscles , NO , generated by activation of neuronal NOS by muscle activity or endothelial NOS by increased blood flow and capillary shear stress , may increase capillary proliferation in the early stages of stimulation through upregulation of VEGFR 2 and VEGF . ^^^ With longer stimulation , capillary growth appears to require NO , and high levels of VEGF and VEGFR 2 may be contributing to maintenance of the increased capillary bed . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) signaling , a key regulator of tumor angiogenesis , through blockade of VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 by the monoclonal antibody DC 101 inhibits angiogenesis , tumor growth , and invasion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The proliferative activity of the endothelium and the neoangiogenetic capacity of these lesions were considered through immunohistochemical anaylsis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) , MIB 1 , Flk 1 , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , hypoxia inducible factor ( HIF ) 1alpha , and endoglin antibodies . ^^^ The expression of Flk 1 was observed in the endothelium of 71 % of the cases , for VEGF in 41 % , for HIF 1 alpha in 48 . 1 % , and for endoglin in 63 . 6 % of the cases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thalidomide induces the defect of major blood vessels , which is demonstrated by their morphologic loss and confirmed by the depletion of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptors such as neuropilin 1 and Flk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The angiogenesis inhibitor PTK 787 / ZK 222584 ( PTK / ZK ) blocks all known VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) tyrosine kinases , including the lymphangiogenic VEGFR 3 , in the lower nanomolar range . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
AIM : To observe the effect of Chinese traditional herbal decoction Weikang ning ( WKN ) on cell growth and expression of VEGF and its receptors KDR and Flt 1 in gastric cancer cell line MGC 803 . ^^^ The expression of mRNA of VEGF and its receptors KDR and Flt 1 was detected with RT PCR . ^^^ CONCLUSION : The decoction of WKN suppresses the growth of gastric cancer cell MGC 803 and decreases the expression of mRNA of both VEGF and its receptors KDR and Flt 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , its receptors ( VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 ) and neuropillin 1 ( NRP 1 ) are expressed at variable levels in bone marrow . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptors , VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( KDR / Flk 1 ) , and Tie2 / tek receptor tyrosine kinase in breast carcinoma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin 1 is expressed in human breast cancer and closely associated with VEGF and KDR expression . ^^^ A strong association was found between cytoplasmic cyclin 1 staining and VEGF ( p = 0 . 001 ) as well as the VEGF receptor KDR ( p = 0 . 001 ) , suggesting a link between cyclin 1 and angiogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The non angiogenic role of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , and its receptors flt 1 and flk 1 , together with downstream signaling pathways were examined in fetal and postnatal rat cerebral cortical organotypic explants . ^^^ The VEGF receptor flt 1 was observed on most , though not all astrocytes , while flk 1 receptor immunoexpression was absent . ^^^ Treatment with antisense oligonucleotides ( AS ODNs ) to flt 1 resulted in a dramatic decrease in GFAP and nestin immunoreactivity , which further confirmed the role of flt 1 in mediating VEGF ' s gliotrophic effects , while AS ODNs to flk 1 had no effect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fasting influences steroidogenesis , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) levels and mRNAs expression for VEGF , VEGF receptor type 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) , endothelin 1 ( ET 1 ) , endothelin receptor type A ( ET A ) and endothelin converting enzyme 1 ( ECE 1 ) in newly formed pig corpora lutea . ^^^ This study was designed to verify whether fasting influences vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) production and VEGF , VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) as well as endothelin ( ET ) system members ( endothelin converting enzyme 1 , ECE 1 ; ET 1 ; endothelin receptor type A , ET A ) mRNA expression in pig corpora lutea ; furthermore , we wanted to assess whether fasting affects steroidogenesis in luteal cells . ^^^ VEGF and steroid levels in luteal tissue were determined by ELISA and RIA , respectively ; VEGF , VEGFR 2 , ET 1 , ET A and ECE 1 mRNAs expression was measured by real time PCR . ^^^ VEGF , VEGFR 2 , ET 1 and ECE 1 ( but not ET A ) mRNA expression was significantly lower ( P < 0 . 05 ) in fasted versus normally fed animals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro studies revealed increased proliferative activity and upregulation of Flk 1 in the VEGF / MT tumor cells , compared with the MT only tumor cells . ^^^ Moreover , there was decreased proliferative activity with downregulation of Flk 1 in tumor cells isolated from conditional knockout ( VEGF ( / ) ) MT induced mammary carcinomas . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Many proposed therapeutics target vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) or the kinase insert domain receptor ( KDR / VEGF receptor 2 / FLK 1 ) , the mitogenic VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase expressed by endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factors ( VEGF ) and their receptors ( VEGFR ) have been implicated to play important roles in tumor associated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis , and hence in tumor growth and metastasis . ^^^ We previously produced a number of fully human antibodies directed against VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) and VEGF receptor 3 ( VEGFR 3 ) and showed that these antibodies are capable of inhibiting growth factor ( VEGF and VEGF C ) induced receptor activation , migration , and proliferation of human endothelial cells . ^^^ The diabody binds to both VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 in a dose dependent manner , and blocks interaction between VEGF / VEGFR2 , VEGF C / VEGFR2 , and VEGF C / VEGFR3 . ^^^ In cell based assays , the diabody neutralized both VEGF and VEGF C stimulated activation of VEGFR 2 , VEGFR 3 , and p44 / p42 mitogen activated protein kinase in endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Decades of investigation suggest that vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors , particularly VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 , or kinase insert domain containing receptor , KDR ) , play a critical role in tumor associated angiogenesis . ^^^ This manuscript reviews briefly the biology of VEGF family of ligands and receptors and of KDR in particular . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
LSAB immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the expression of VEGF , VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 and activated STATS ( P STAT 1 , P STAT 3 , P STAT 5 , P STAT 6 ) proteins . ^^^ In cancer cells , VEGF , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 were all significantly correlated with P STAT 3 and P STAT 5 ( P = 0 . 000 ) , but not with P STAT 1 or P STAT 6 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is reported to play a neuroprotective role through a VEGF receptor , fetal liver kinase 1 ( Flk 1 ) in vitro . ^^^ These results suggest that VEGF exerts its protective effect on motor neurons against hypoxia induced toxicity by the Flk 1 receptor through the PI 3 K / Akt and the MEK / ERK signaling pathways . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of VEGF and the VEGF receptors VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( Flk 1 ) were studied by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry . ^^^ It was also noted that Flt 1 / Flk 1 and VEGF positive vessels often were negative for SMI 71 , a marker for vessels in areas with blood brain barrier ( BBB ) . ^^^ In conclusion , we have demonstrated that TBI leads to an upregulation of VEGF , Flt 1 , and Flk 1 mRNA and protein in and around the lesion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The inhibition of FGFR 3 expression by ribozymes was associated with decreased vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) expression and upregulation of Flt 1 but not of the KDR receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our data lend support to the hypothesis that VEGF is essential for pregnancy establishment and that trophoblast derived VEGF , acting via its specific receptors Flt 1 and KDR , is necessary for blastocyst implantation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we investigated the anti vasculature effects and the antitumor effects of combining attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccine strain encoding murine vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor 2 ( flk 1 ) with plasmid DNA vector encoding the murine interleukin 12 ( mIL 12 ) gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) and receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) , are the high affinity VEGF receptors , which play an important role in de novo blood vessel formation and hematopoietic cell development . ^^^ The aim of our study was to compare the concentration of VEGF , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 in the serum of 83 , never treated B CLL patients in different stage of disease according to Rai classification , and 20 healthy volunteers . ^^^ In the group of CLL patients , the serum concentrations of VEGF and VEGFR 2 were significantly higher in patients in Rai stage 3 and 4 ( median 890 . 0 pg / mL and 4680 . 4 pg / mL respectively ) than in patients in Rai stage 0 2 ( 347 . 8 pg / mL and 2411 . 6 pg / mL respectively ) ( p < 0 . 0001 ) . ^^^ In the entire group of CLL patients , we have found a strong , positive correlation between the serum level of VEGF and VEGFR 2 ( p = 0 . 00001 , R = 0 . 46 ) . ^^^ We have also found a positive correlation between the number of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of CLL patients and the level of VEGF ( p = 0 . 05 , R = 0 . 24 ) and VEGFR 2 ( p = 0 . 02 , R = 0 . 29 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It has been shown that the interaction between the potent angiogenic factor ; the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors ( VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 ) , plays a pivotal role in tumor development , including hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) . ^^^ We examined the signaling cascades of VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 in the VEGF mediated HCC development in combination with a retroviral tetracycline ( tet ) regulated ( Retro Tet ) gene expression system , which can manipulate the gene expression in vivo by providing tet in the drinking water , as well as VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies ( R 1mAb and R 2mAb , respectively ) . ^^^ These results suggested that both VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 play important roles , and lie in the different signaling cascades by which VEGF augments HCC development and angiogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Breast cancer metastases to bone were immunohistochemically stained for VEGF , its receptors VEGFR 1 and 2 ( vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 and 2 ) , demonstrating that breast cancer metastases express VEGF strongly and that surrounding osteoclasts express both VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chronic stress in the adult dentate gyrus reduces cell proliferation near the vasculature and VEGF and Flk 1 protein expression . ^^^ Moreover , both these processes share similar modulating factors , like vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor Flk 1 . ^^^ We therefore measured the surface area covered by the vasculature , the proportion of vascular associated newborn cells , and analysed VEGF and Flk 1 protein expression in the hippocampus of a control , chronically stressed and recovery group of rats . ^^^ After chronic stress , both VEGF and Flk 1 protein levels were significantly decreased in the granular cell layer , and again recovered after 3 weeks . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This vascular effect follows binding to two receptors , VEGF receptor 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) and VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) , the latter of which is thought to be the main receptor responsible for the vasorelaxing effect of VEGF . ^^^ INTERVENTIONS : To determine the mechanisms of action of VEGF in the neonatal pulmonary vasculature , the effect of VEGF ( 10 10 M ) was tested in isolated perfused piglet lungs , alone and in the presence of a VEGFR 2 kinase inhibitor , N nitro l arginine ( L NNA ) , indomethacin ( Indo ) , L NNA + Indo , and GF109203X , a protein kinase C inhibitor . ^^^ VEGFR 2 kinase inhibitor did not prevent the reduction in perfusion pressure seen with VEGF but blocked the increase in cGMP . ^^^ VEGF vasorelaxation may not only occur through binding to VEGFR 2 , since PlGF , the specific VEGFR 1 agonist , also causes vasodilation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By immunohistochemical staining , VEGF was not detected in normal uterine smooth muscle , but VEGF receptor 1 ( flt 1 ) and VEGF receptor 2 ( flk 1 ) were observed in 14 and 4 of 14 normal smooth muscles , respectively . ^^^ Of 39 sarcomas , 25 expressed VEGF , and 38 and 34 sarcomas expressed flt 1 and flk 1 at various intensities , respectively . ^^^ The staining intensity of VEGF , flt 1 , and flk 1 was significantly higher in sarcoma than in normal uterine smooth muscle , but that of phospho flt 1 ( p flt 1 ) was significantly lower in sarcoma than in normal uterine smooth muscle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The increased expression of VEGFR 2 / flk 1 / KDR receptors on neurons subjected to hypoxia , glucose deprivation provides evidence that these receptors are mainly involved in neuroprotective effects of VEGF . ^^^ Promotion of neuronal cells proliferation by VEGF is also associated with the increased expression of VEGFR 2 receptors and up regulation of E2F family transcription factors , cyclin D 1 , cyclin E , and cdc 25 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , VEGF treatment significantly induced VEGF receptor 2 , flk 1 , osteopontin and TGF beta ( 1 ) proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The crude extract and fractionated fractions , except for Fra 2 , of A . cinnamomea polysaccharides significantly decreased VEGFR 2 phosphorylation on tyrosine 1054 / 1059 , cyclin D 1 promotor activity , and protein expression induced by VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surgical specimens and tumor cells in primary culture of salivary pleomorphic adenomas were used for immunohistochemistry for CD 31 , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors Flk 1 and Flt 1 , as well as for hypoxia markers , such as hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha ( HIF 1alpha ) and lactate dehydrogenase 1 ( LDH ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , we show that CD 154 induced CLL cell survival is reduced by anti VEGF neutralising antibody and by inhibiting VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) signalling with SU 5416 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemical analysis of 13 surgical specimens of human colon adenocarcinoma revealed that both tumor cells and tumor associated endothelial cells in 11 of the 13 specimens expressed the epidermal growth factor ( EGF ) , transforming growth factor alpha ( TGF alpha ) , EGF receptor ( EGFR ) , phosphorylated EGFR ( pEGFR ) , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) , and phosphorylated VEGFR ( pVEGFR ) . ^^^ HT 29 human colon cancer cells growing orthotopically in the cecum of nude mice expressed a high level of EGF , EGFR , pEGFR , VEGF , VEGFR , and pVEGFR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although mRNA for VEGF 121 , VEGF 165 , VEGFR 1 and NRP 2 was widely expressed , mRNA expression for VEGF 189 , VEGFR 2 and NRP 1 was linked to a malignant phenotype such as local invasion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Grb 10 gene on chromosome 7p11 . 2 p 12 belongs to a family of adapter proteins known to interact with a number of receptor tyrosine kinases , such as EGF , ErbB2 / Her2 , platelet derived growth factor ( PDGF ) , IGF 1 receptors and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor , KDR ( kinase insert domain containing receptor ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To study the distribution of isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 in pterygia and to compare it with that in healthy conjunctivas . ^^^ MAIN OUTCOME PARAMETERS : Vascular endothelial growth factor and VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 were analyzed to indentify the splice variants of VEGF as well as the distribution and amount of VEGF and both receptors in pterygia and the control tissues . ^^^ In addition to VEGF , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 were detected in pterygia and conjunctivas and immunostained within the epithelium of pterygia and conjunctivas and on intrapterygial and intraconjunctival endothelial cells . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : The results reveal similar behaviors in limbal and pterygium epithelial cells in terms of VEGF and VEGFR expression , with the presumption that pterygia arise from limbal epithelial cells and that human conjunctivas are not a suitable control for the analysis of pterygia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is shown that bevacizumab potently neutralizes VEGF and blocks its signal transduction through both the VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 receptors , as demonstrated by the inhibition of VEGF induced cell proliferation , survival , permeability , nitric oxide production , as well as migration and tissue factor production . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ZD 6474 is a novel inhibitor of VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) tyrosine kinase activity , which also has additional activity against epidermal growth factor ( EGF ) receptor tyrosine kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE : Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor ( VEGFR 2 ) play important roles in tumor angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mRNA species analyzed include VEGF and its receptors , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , and ANG 1 , ANG 2 and their receptor , Tie 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have designed a targeted library of compounds from which we identified a novel molecule , GFB 204 , that binds PDGF and VEGF , blocks binding of PDGF and VEGF to their receptors ( 200 500 nM ) and subsequently inhibits PDGFR and Flk 1 tyrosine phosphorylation and stimulation of the protein kinases Erk 1 , Erk 2 and Akt and the signal transducer and activator of transcription STAT 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This may be accomplished by inhibiting the kinase activity of VEGF receptor 2 ( KDR ) , which has a key role in mediating VEGF induced responses . ^^^ Concordant with this activity , in human umbilical vein endothelial cells , AZD 2171 inhibited VEGF stimulated proliferation and KDR phosphorylation with IC 50 values of 0 . 4 and 0 . 5 nmol / L , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Coordinated induction of iNOS VEGF KDR eNOS after resveratrol consumption : a potential mechanism for resveratrol preconditioning of the heart . ^^^ To further explore the role of NO in resveratrol mediated cardioprotection , the induction for the expression of the potential molecular targets of NO including VEGF and KDR as well as iNOS and eNOS were examined by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry . ^^^ Western blot detected an overexpression of iNOS and VEGF within 24 h of resveratrol treatment while the induction of KDR was not increased until after 3 days and eNOS expression after 5 days of resveratrol treatment . ^^^ The hearts obtained from resveratrol treated rats revealed enhanced expression for iNOS , eNOS and VEGF and KDR compared to control hearts at the end of reperfusion . ^^^ The results of this study demonstrate that resveratrol leads to a coordinated upregulation of iNOS VEGF KDR eNOS , which is likely to play a role in resveratrol mediated cardioprotection . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , inhibition of VEGF function by the treatment with an Flk 1 inhibitor , SU 1498 , or with the VEGF neutralizing antibody resulted in the reverse of the angiogenic effect on HUVECs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , we employed a recombinant adenoviral vector encoding a soluble dominant negative fragment of VEGF receptor 2 ( Flk 1 ) , AdsFlk 1 , to control pre established murine orthotopic and metastatic hepatomas . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using the selective VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 inhibitor , SU 1498 , LPA induced EOC invasion and migration were significantly inhibited in a concentration dependent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro , Npn 1 can complex with VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) to enhance VEGFR 2 mediated endothelial cell chemotaxis and proliferation . ^^^ To determine the role of Npn 1 / VEGFR2 complexes in VEGF induced endothelial barrier dysfunction , endothelial cells were stably transfected with Npn 1 or VEGFR 2 alone ( PAE / Npn and PAE / KDR , respectively ) , or VEGFR 2 and Npn 1 ( PAE / KDR / Npn 1 ) . ^^^ Activation of VEGFR 2 , and 2 downstream signaling intermediates ( p 38 and ERK1 / 2 MAPK ) involved in VEGF mediated permeability , also increased in PAE / KDR / Npn 1 . ^^^ Consistent with these data , inhibition of Npn 1 , but not VEGFR 2 , attenuated VEGF 165 mediated permeability of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells ( HPAE ) , and VEGF 121 ( which can not ligate Npn 1 ) did not alter TER of HPAE . ^^^ Npn 1 inhibition also attenuated both VEGF 165 mediated pulmonary vascular leak and activation of VEGFR 2 , p 38 , and ERK1 / 2 MAPK , in inducible lung specific VEGF transgenic mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Upon induction of unilateral hindlimb ischemia , endogenous angiogenesis , expression of VEGF , and phosphorylation of the VEGF receptor Flk 1 were evaluated in mice heterozygous for a deletion of the cystathionine beta synthase gene ( CBS ) and compared with those observed in CBS+ / + mice . ^^^ While VEGF expression and Flk 1 phosphorylation were not impaired in the ischemic muscles of CBS+ / mice , phosphorylation of the endothelial cell survival factor Akt was significantly inhibited by homocyst ( e ) ine in a dose dependent manner in human umbilical vein endothelial cell ( HUVECs ) in vitro . ^^^ This impairment , however , is not dependent on reduced expression of VEGF or impaired phosphorylation of its receptor Flk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 / KDR ) in lung tissues of emphysema patients . ^^^ The expression of KDR protein in lung was determined by immunohistochemistry , the expression of VEGF and KDR mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction , and the apoptosis in lung tissues was observed by terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling ( TUNEL ) . ^^^ The expression of KDR protein , VEGF mRNA and KDR mRNA of emphysema group were lower than those of control group ( P < 0 . 01 ) . ^^^ There was no significant difference between smoking group and control group in the expression of VEGF and KDR ( P > 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ CONCLUSION : The decrease of VEGF and KDR and the increase of alveolar septal cell apoptosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of emphysema . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
M 475271 inhibited VEGF induced Flk 1 and Src phosphorylation and their association . ^^^ Confocal laser microscopic examination confirmed the inhibitory effect of M 475271 on VEGF induced Flk 1 / Src association . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thirty experimental mice received on alternate days injections of 5 10 2 . 5 microg anti VEGF ( vascular endothelial growth factor ) and 5 10 2 . 5 microg anti Flk 1 ( VEGFR 2 ) antibodies to the site of cell implantation over a period of 10 d . ^^^ Anti angiogenic effects and regression of localized murine AML produced by anti VEGF and anti Flk 1 antibodies . ^^^ Anti angiogenic antibodies against VEGF and Flk 1 have therapeutic effects in murine AML . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 / KDR ) and its ligand vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) play an essential role in tumor angiogenesis and in haematological malignancies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
INTRODUCTION : Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors VEGFR 1 and 2 are considered to play a major in tumor angiogenesis , which is a prerequisite for growth of solid tumors . ^^^ Glioblastoma multiforme is a prominent example of VEGF induced tumor vascularization ; however , little is known about VEGF and in particular VEGFR expression in other types of brain tumors . ^^^ METHODS : VEGFR mRNA was quantified by real time RT PCR in 12 different types of brain tumors and compared to VEGF protein content measured by ELISA . ^^^ Both were highly expressed in glioblastomas , but in meningiomas VEGF was low and VEGFR high , and in metastatic tumors the reverse . ^^^ Interestingly , for the astrocytic gliomas , the expression of VEGFR correlated well to the tumor malignancy , even better than VEGF content . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NOR 1 up regulation by VEGF is processed through VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) and involves different signaling pathways including increase in cytosolic Ca ( 2+ ) , activation of protein kinase C and mitogen activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) pathways ( both extracellular signaling regulated kinase [ ERK ] and p 38 MAPK ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we report that the treatment of hES cells during EBs development with a combination of low dose hematopoietic cytokines , including stem cell factor ( SCF ) , Flt 3 ligand , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and human bone marrow stromal cells ( hBMSCs ) , generated cell clusters that contained 8 . 81 % KDR positive hemangioblasts , 9 . 94 % CD 34 positive hematopoietic stem cells and 25 . 7 % CD 45 positive mature hematopoietic cells , and expressed hematopoietic genes such as KDR , stem cell leukemia ( scl ) and runt related transcription factor 1 ( Runx 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of relaxin on the development of vascular tissue at wound sites in a novel VEGF receptor 2 luc ( VEGFR 2 luc ) transgenic mouse wound model by monitoring the rate of VEGFR 2 luc mediated gene expression using bioluminescence and real time imaging . ^^^ Whereas measuring relaxin ' s effect on angiogenesis indirectly via the VEGFR 2 model was not successful , photonic imaging provides an exciting new tool using alternative models ( i . e . , VEGF luc mouse ) to study relaxin induced gene expression in normal ( i . e . , wound healing ) or tumorigenic tissues in real time . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Substitution of SU 5416 with any one of ZD 6474 , SU 6668 , IMC 1121 , a monoclonal antibody to VEGFR 2 , or an antibody to VEGF ( bevacizumab ) did not cause a marked increase in the coagulation index , nor did the combination of SU 5416 with 5 fluorouracil and leucovorin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although not proving causality , expression analysis of VEGF and VEGFR 2 shows that enhanced sensitivity of irradiated vessels to a specific inhibitor of VEGFR tyrosine kinases correlates with increased expression of the molecular target . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We evaluated the effects of selective VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ; PTK787 / ZK222584 ) and ErbB ( PKI 166 and ZD 1839 ) inhibitors on tumor growth and angiogenesis and asked whether additional therapeutic benefit was conferred by combination treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , analysis of gene expression during hemangioblast development demonstrates that TPO is capable of increasing the mRNA expression of the VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) and its own receptor ( c mpl ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor 2 / kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) is expressed in primitive hematopoietic cells , in megakaryocytes and platelets . ^^^ In primitive hematopoiesis KDR mediates cell survival via autocrine VEGF , while its effect on cell growth and differentiation has not been elucidated . ^^^ We induced enforced KDR expression in the granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor ( GM CSF ) dependent TF 1 progenitor cell line ( TF 1 KDR ) , treated the cells with VEGF and analyzed their response . ^^^ Accordingly , we observed that MK differentiating cells , derived from hematopoietic progenitors , produce VEGF , express KDR , inhibition of which reduces MK differentiation , indicating a key role of KDR in megakaryopoiesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The VEGF receptor Flk 1 was intensely detected on the metastatic vessels in the control but not in the VEGF ( 121 ) / rGel treated group . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There are nine proteins in the immediate VEGF family : VEGFA , VEGFB , VEGFC , VEGFD , VEGF 3 , placental growth factor ( PGF ) , VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 1 , VEGFR 2 , and VEGFR 1 related . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We designed this consecutive study to evaluate the anti angiogenic effects of SM / SB in vivo , and on VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) gene expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) is mainly responsible for the dilator response to VEGF through nitric oxide ( NO ) release , whereas VEGFR 1 may sequestrate the ligand . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we found that VEGF rapidly and strongly stimulated PKD phosphorylation and activation in endothelial cells via VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In normal and transformed endothelial cells ( EC ) as well as in HEK 293 cells expressing KDR and IL 3R , VEGF and IL 3 treatment induces the formation of a KDR / IL 3R beta c complex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , VEGF receptor fms like tyrosine kinase 1 ( Flt 1 ) was elevated , whereas kinase insert domain containing receptor / fetal liver kinase 1 ( KDR ) was diminished in endothelial , but not epithelial , cells . ^^^ Like VEGF , FG 4095 and DMOG increased angiogenesis in vitro , both in 95 % and 21 % O 2 , an effect that could be blocked through either Flt 1 or KDR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Age related changes in cardiac expression of VEGF and its angiogenic receptor KDR in stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats . ^^^ On the other hand , KDR , an angiogenic receptor of VEGF , and endothelial nitric oxide synthase , which is important in the VEGF mediated angiogenic pathway , were markedly downregulated in SHRSP from 20 weeks of age . ^^^ We conclude that , in addition to overexpression of TGF beta 1 , which appears to play a pivotal role in promoting cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis , a defect of the VEGF KDR system could result in impaired physiologic coronary angiogenesis in SHRSP , contributing to cardiac deteroration associated with myocardial ischemia in this malignant hypertensive model . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At the early stage ( day 6 ) , glomerular expression of VEGF and receptors flk 1 and flt 1 as well as Ang 1 , and receptor Tie 2 were increased , and glomerular monocyte infiltration and the expression of angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , a natural antagonist of Ang 1 , were reduced . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF 165 ) and its receptor KDR ( kinase insert domain containing receptor ) are central regulators of blood vessel formation . ^^^ The interaction between KDR bp and KDR was blocked by VEGF 165 , and KDR bp specifically inhibited VEGF 165 stimulated endothelial cell proliferation , indicating KDR bp is an antagonistic ligand for KDR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVES : Coexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) has been reported in tumor cells , suggesting the presence of an autocrine VEGF / VEGFR 2 growth pathway in solid tumors . ^^^ Expression of VEGFR 2 was evaluated by Western blot and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and VEGF production was measured from culture supernatant by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay . ^^^ Growth inhibition and the expression of VEGF and VEGFR 2 were compared after treatment with the COX 2 inhibitor , NS 398 at doses ranging from 5 to 100 microM . ^^^ RESULTS : VEGF and VEGFR 2 were expressed in all four colon cancer cells and a blockade of VEGFR 2 with anti VEGFR 2 antibody treatment induced growth inhibition of colon cancer cells , supporting the presence of autocrine VEGF / VEGFR 2 growth pathway . ^^^ The amount of VEGF in culture supernatant was increased by NS 398 at 100 microM , suggesting increased secretion of VEGF in compensation for reduced VEGFR 2 expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 , 2 ( Flt 1 , KDR ) are the negative counterpoint to the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) signaling pathway , which has been characterized as one of the most important endothelial regulator in human angiogenesis . ^^^ In the present work , we tested the differential prognostic relevance of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , their receptors 1 ( Flt 1 ) , 2 ( KDR ) , and the ratio between sVEGF / sFlt 1 in 43 patients with acute myeloid leukemia ( AML ) . sVEGF and its soluble receptors were assessed using an ELISA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : There were no significant differences in the mRNA expression of VEGF and its receptors , both KDR and flt 1 , between the five study groups and the control group . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We now report that normal human melanocytes ( Mc ) maintained in serum free , hormone , and growth factor supplemented medium lacking phorbol ester and choleragen constitutively express VEGF receptor 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) , VEGFR 2 , and neuropilin 1 . ^^^ Furthermore , stimulation of Mc with VEGF 165 isoform leads to phosphorylation of VEGFR 2 , the receptor responsible for most of the VEGF mediated effects in endothelial cells , suggesting that the receptor is functional . ^^^ Interestingly , in Mc , VEGFR 2 expression is induced by ultraviolet irradiation and is downregulated by VEGF and tumor necrosis factor alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We then examined the activation of VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) to understand the mechanism . ^^^ We have made several new findings ; 1 ) heparin yielded a 1 . 7 fold enhancement of VEGF 165 induced phosphorylation of VEGFR 2 ; 2 ) depletion of cell surface heparan sulfate by heparinase / heparitinase treatment and preferential reduction of trisulfated disaccharide units of cell surface HS by sodium chlorate treatment resulted in the reduction of such phosphorylation , suggesting the involvement of a heparin like domain in the phosphorylation of VEGFR 2 ; and 3 ) VEGF 121 , an isoform without the exon 7 encoded region , which has no capacity to bind to heparin , did not show these effects . ^^^ It is therefore likely that a heparin like domain of heparan sulfate / heparin forms a complex with VEGF 165 and VEGFR 2 via the exon 7 encoded region , thereby enhancing VEGF 165 dependent signaling . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial cell growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor VEGFR 2 represent central molecular targets for antiangiogenic intervention , because of their integral involvement in endothelial cell proliferation and migration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This current opinion will focus on the temporal and spatial expression of VEGF and its receptors VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , and the angiopoietin receptors Tie 1 and Tie 2 in parallel to vascular maturation in human placental villi during very early stages of placental development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To examine the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors ( VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 ) in transdifferentiated human proximal tubular epithelial ( HK 2 ) cell induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGFbeta 1 ) . ^^^ The cellular VEGF , VEGFR 1 , and VEGFR 2 were measured with Western blot . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Increased expression of VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 and two phase change in VEGF expression occurred in the process of tubular epithelial transdifferentiation induced by TGFbeta 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF dose dependently induced glEND . 2 cell migration and proliferation , accompanied by up regulation of VEGFR 2 phosphorylation and mRNA expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the potential involvement of VEGF in the lesion induced reorganization in the brain , the expression changes of VEGF and its receptor Flk 1 were analyzed in the mouse hippocampus after transections of the entorhinal afferents . ^^^ Semi quantitative RT PCR analysis showed that VEGF receptor Flk 1 mRNA was also time dependently upregulated in the deafferented hippocampus with its maximal elevation at 7 15 days postlesion while the Flt 1 mRNA levels remained unchanged at any time point we examined . ^^^ Immunohistochemistry analysis also displayed the upregulation of Flk 1 protein in the denervated stratum lacunosum moleculare and outer molecular layer with a time course similar to that of VEGF mRNA upregulation . ^^^ From these data we suggest that the spatiotemporal upregulation of VEGF and Flk 1 in the hippocampus is induced by entorhinal deafferentation and that VEGF may be involved in the structural reorganization in the deafferented hippocampus via directly or indirectly promoting neurite growth . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , transcripts for VEGF 189 , VEGF 165 , and VEGF receptors ( Fms like tyrosine kinase 1 [ Flt 1 ] , kinase insert domain receptor [ KDR ] / fetal liver kinase 1 [ Flk 1 ] , and neuropilin 1 ) were suppressed in the BPD models . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The VEGF receptors VEGFR 1 ( flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( KDR ) , typically present on endothelial cells , have also been identified in human glioblastoma tissues and cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) has been shown to play a major role in inducing the full spectrum of VEGF biological response which is essential for tumor angiogenesis . ^^^ Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) has been shown to play a major role in inducing the full spectrum of VEGF biological response which is essential for tumor angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These morphogenic effects of VEGF 165 require activation of both VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) and neuropilin 1 ( Nrp 1 ) , since neutralizing antibodies to either of these receptors or the addition of semaphorin 3A ( which blocks VEGF 165 binding to Nrp 1 ) prevents the morphogenic response and the phosphorylation of VEGFR 2 along with the downstream signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , some angiogenic factors , namely vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) and soluble VEGF Receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) , were tested in the sera from 25 MDS patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When implanted in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane , alternatively activated DC elicit a marked angiogenic response , which is inhibited by neutralizing anti VEGF Abs and by the VEGFR 2 inhibitor SU 5416 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF and its receptors , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , have been found to be expressed on subsets of normal and malignant hemopoietic cells , but the role of the individual receptors in hemopoiesis requires further study . ^^^ Our findings indicate that VEGF signaling through VEGFR 2 promotes myelopoiesis through GM CSF dependent and independent mechanisms . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is a potent signalling molecule that acts through two tyrosine kinase receptors , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) , interleukin 1 receptor alpha ( IL 1Ralpha ) , IL 6 , IL 8 , VEGF receptors VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , and thrombopoietin ( TPO ) were measured in plasma samples of 95 patients by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) . ^^^ The multivariate model simultaneously included VEGF ( relative risk [ RR ] for death , 8 . 01 ; P = . 001 for levels less than or equal to 19 . 5 pg / mL ) , IL 1Ralpha ( RR , 5 . 12 ; P = . 007 for levels greater than 373 pg / mL ) , and VEGFR 2 ( RR , 4 . 01 ; P = . 04 for levels greater than 8222 pg / mL ) as independent factors for survival . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor and VEGF receptors ( flt 1 and flk 1 ) were evaluated by Western blot , reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) and real time RT PCR . ^^^ Remarkably , in diabetic patients , VEGF mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher , whereas flt 1 , flk 1 mRNA , and protein were lower when compared with non diabetic patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A total of 49 malignant pleural effusions and 68 corresponding solid tumors were studied for protein and mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor KDR , interleukin 8 ( IL 8 ) , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) and the alphaV integrin subunit using immunohistochemistry , mRNA in situ hybridization ( ISH ) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treatment with vascular endothelial cell growth factor ( VEGF ) gave rise to endothelial like cells , expressing Flt 1 , Flk 1 , von Willebrand Factor ( vWF ) , CD 31 , acetylated low density lipoprotein internalization , and the ability to form endothelial like cell chains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the importance of microvessel density ( MVD ) , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor ( Flk 1 ) immunohistochemical expression in a large series of small conventional clear cell renal carcinomas treated with partial nephrectomy and assessed the prognostic value of their expression in terms of patients survival at long term followup . ^^^ MVD , VEGF and Flk 1 expression do not depend on tumor size in pT1a RCC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using real time PCR , we found that VEGF , at 20 ng / ml , significantly increased the expression of VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 by approximately 4 fold and 31 fold , respectively , compared to untreated control ( p < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ However , the inducing effect of VEGF on VEGFR 2 expression and the internal expression of VEGF 121 in DOV 13 cells decreased with increasing of VEGF concentration , suggesting the existence of a negative feedback regulatory mechanism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , only the combination of VEGF with LH , E 2 , and P 4 upregulated mRNA for Ace 1 and Ang 2 release , but not VEGF alone . ( 2 ) Treatments of LH , with E 2 and / or P 4 increased the mRNA expression for VEGF , Flk 1 and Flt 1 , and ( 3 ) VEGF itself downregulated the expression of mRNA for VEGF , and LH , E 2 , and P 4 enhanced this downregulatory effect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study RT PCR was performed to evaluate VEGF expression and that of its receptor KDR ; VEGF production was assayed by Elisa test and western blot analysis ; sensitivity to VEGF was tested by thymidine incorporation . ^^^ VEGF and its receptor KDR were expressed in B 1647 and HEL , both as mRNAs and as proteins , while only KDR transcript was found in MO 7 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its tyrosine kinase family of receptors ( VEGFR ) ( Flt 1 , Flk 1 , Flt 4 ) have been implicated in vascular angiogenesis and remodelling in cerebral arteriovenous malformations ( CAVM ) . ^^^ In this study , we investigate the role of hypoxia inducible factor 1 ( HIF 1alpha ) in CAVM and its relationship to VEGF and VEGFR . ^^^ The expression of HIF 1alpha is significantly related to VEGF and VEGFR expression , suggesting a possible role for its induction and role in maintaining angiogenesis and vascular remodelling . . ^^^ METHODS : Surgical specimens from 26 patients undergoing CAVM resection were studied for HIF 1alpha , VEGF , Flt 1 , Flk 1 and Flt 4 . ^^^ HIF 1alpha expression was significantly associated with VEGF , Flt 1 and Flk 1 expression ( p < 0 . 05 ) CONCLUSIONS : HIF 1alpha is expressed in human CAVM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis before and at 4 h after a submaximal exercise bout for the measurement of morphometry , capillarization , VEGF , KDR , and Flt 1 in seven aged ( mean age 65 yr ) and eight young ( mean age 21 yr ) sedentary men . ^^^ Exercise increased muscle VEGF mRNA and protein and KDR mRNA independent of age group . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present report , we describe the construction of a vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) containing bioconjugate that potentially could be used to target up regulated VEGF receptors ( VEGFR ) , which are overexpressed on tumor neovasculature . ^^^ As would be predicted , the resulting VEGF BD / Cy5 bioconjugate was not cytotoxic to HEK 293 cells engineered to express 2 . 5 10 10 ( 6 ) VEGFR 2 per cell . ^^^ Furthermore , it showed binding and activation of VEGFR 2 comparable with that of native VEGF . ^^^ Internalization of VEGF BD / Cy5 by PAE cells expressing 2 . 5 10 10 ( 5 ) VEGFR 2 per cell was inhibited by excess VEGF , indicating a VEGFR 2 mediated mechanism of uptake . ^^^ Accumulation of VEGF BD / Cy5 in 4T1 breast carcinoma was diminished in mice pretreated with a toxin VEGF fusion protein that selectively killed VEGFR 2 overexpressing endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF receptor 1 ( VEGFR 1 / Flt 1 ) is a high affinity tyrosine kinase ( TK ) receptor for VEGF and regulates angiogenesis as well as monocyte / macrophage functions . ^^^ To examine which VEGFR is important and to clarify how colony stimulating factor 1 ( CSF 1 ) and VEGF signals interact in osteoclastogenesis , we introduced a VEGFR 1 signaling deficiency ( Flt 1 ( TK ) / ) into op / op mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The primary tumor and spontaneous metastases express VEGF and VEGF receptors and respond to treatment with VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of VEGF and VEGF receptors , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , was also examined by RT PCR . ^^^ VEGF , especially its isoform VEGF ( 165 ) , and VEGFR 2 were also upregulated in retinal glial cells by hypoxia , and hypoxia induced MT 1 MMP expression was inhibited in the presence of the VEGFR 2 inhibitor SU 1498 or the anti VEGF antibody . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because prostate cancer metastasis involves hematogenous and lymphatic routes , we also evaluated expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and receptors ( VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , and VEGFR 3 ) in the metastatic deposit by immunohistochemistry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemical staining for vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , its receptors Flk 1 and Flt 1 , transforming growth factor alpha ( TGFalpha ) , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) , hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha ( Hif 1alpha ) , MIB 1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) was performed using standard immunohistochemical techniques . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF binds two major VEGF receptors : VEGFR 1 ( flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( flk 1 / KDR ) . ^^^ RESULTS : The expression of VEGF , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 were significantly up regulated during allograft rejection as compared to isografts . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Our data suggest that VEGF VEGFR interactions function in the alloimmune response in vivo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The probe ( 2 ) is a potent VEGFR 2 inhibitor with an IC ( 50 ) value of 7 . 1 microM , and inhibits VEGF induced proliferation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVEC ) , with an IC ( 50 ) value of 40 . 3 microM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show that EGCG at physiological doses ( 0 . 5 10 microM ) markedly inhibits the formation of a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 complex formed upon the binding of its ligand VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we show that G CSF also augmented the number of circulating VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) EPCs as compared with untreated controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In pituitary adenoma , the association between MVD and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) with tumor behavior has been described , but correlation with other angiogenic factors such as fetal liver kinase 1 ( Flk 1 ) or proliferative markers is unknown . ^^^ We investigated MVD , VEGF , and its receptor Flk 1 expression in 60 human pituitary adenomas : 13 growth hormone cell adenomas , 7 prolactin cell adenomas , 5 corticotroph cell adenomas , 2 thyrotroph cell adenomas , and 33 nonfunctioning adenomas ( 30 gonadotroph cell adenomas and 3 null cell adenomas ) . ^^^ We performed immunohistochemistry for CD 34 , Ki 67 , VEGF , and Flk 1 . ^^^ Flk 1 score correlated with VEGF ( P = . 006 ) . ^^^ Our study shows that VEGF and Flk 1 are widely expressed in pituitary adenomas , predominantly in nonfunctioning adenomas and those presenting at older ages . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There is compelling evidence indicating that the beneficial effects of VEGF and VEGFR can be targeted as antiangiogenic therapy . ^^^ This review discusses the clinical significance of VEGF / VEGFR in human cancer , summarizes the more recent progress in the field , and further emphasizes the current development of agents that block VEGFR / VEGFR as angiogenesis inhibitors and the therapeutic significance of these agents in clinical trials . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS AND RESULTS : We report that VEGF blockade decreases lung VEGF and VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) expression in newborn rats and impairs alveolar development , leading to alveolar simplification and loss of lung capillaries , mimicking BPD . ^^^ In hyperoxia induced BPD in newborn rats , air space enlargement and loss of lung capillaries are associated with decreased lung VEGF and VEGFR 2 expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effects of oestradiol and tamoxifen on VEGF , soluble VEGFR 1 , and VEGFR 2 in breast cancer and endothelial cells . ^^^ Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , acting via the receptors VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , is a key mediator of tumour angiogenesis . ^^^ Our results suggest that tamoxifen and oestradiol exert dual effects on the angiogenic environment in breast cancer by regulating cancer cell secreted angiogenic ligands such as VEGF and sVEGFR 1 and by affecting VEGFR 2 expression of endothelial cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A number of agents are in development that target VEGF ( bevacizumab , a recombinant , humanized monoclonal antibody ) or its receptor , VEGFR ( PTK 787 , SU 011248 , and BAY 43 9006 , all of which are small molecule inhibitors ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors ( FLT 1 and KDR ) are overexpressed by human bladder cancer cells and tumor endothelial cells , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A second generation genetically engineered cell based drug delivery system , referred to as apoptotic induced drug delivery ( AIDD ) , was developed using endothelial cells ( ECs ) that undergo apoptosis upon binding of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) to a Flk 1 : Fas fusion protein ( FF ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of mouse VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 and mouse VEGFR 3 mRNA was detected in the KKLS / VEGF C and KKLS / VEGF D gastric tumors . ^^^ CONCLUSION : VEGF C and VEGF D may induce neoformation of lymphatic vessels in experimental gastric tumors by the induction of VEGFR 3 expression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction , expression of VEGF receptor 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) , but not VEGFR 2 , was detected in murine keratinocytes during wound repair and in normal human epidermal keratinocytes ( NHEKs ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) plays a key role in tumor angiogenesis , and blockade of VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) , with the monoclonal antibody DC 101 , inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Local VEGF , VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , syndecan , and FGFR 1 levels were 16 75 % upregulated after Ad PR 39 injections as assessed by real time PCR , suggesting upregulation of VEGF and FGF pathways . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : The aim of this study was to clarify the role of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) pathways in thyroid tumourigenesis . ^^^ METHODS : We examined VEGF , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 expression on 34 papillary thyroid carcinomas ( PTCs ) , 18 follicular thyroid carcinomas ( FTCs ) , eight poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas ( PDTCs ) and on a thyroid tumour derived cell line ( NPA ' 87 ) by immunohistochemistry , reverse transcriptase PCR , immunofluorescence and Western blotting . ^^^ In agreement with the idea that autocrine VEGF signalling plays an important role in thyroid carcinogenesis , the blockade of either VEGF or its receptors with neutralizing antibodies significantly reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis levels of the VEGFR positive thyroid tumour cell line NPA ' 87 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Localization of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 in bovine placentomes from implantation until term . ^^^ Interactions of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) with its receptors VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 promoting angiogenesis have been described in placentation of human , mink and pig . ^^^ The presence of VEGF , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 at the feto maternal interface and in vasculature indicates that in the bovine VEGF may have ( 1 ) classic functions in angiogenesis and vascular permeability , ( 2 ) growth factor properties , facilitating feto maternal exchange via paracrine action , ( 3 ) chemotactic activity on capillary endothelium , and ( 4 ) an autocrine influence on TGC migratory activity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and low affinity VEGF binding sites on human glomerular endothelial cells : Biological effects and advanced glycosilation end products modulation . ^^^ We demonstrated the presence of VEGF binding sites with high ( VEGFR 2 ) and low ( heparan sulfate proteoglycans , HSPG ) affinity . ^^^ VEGF 165 and VEGF 121 working through VEGFR 2 stimulated nitric oxide ( NO ) production at low doses ( 0 . 1 1 nM ) , whereas only VEGF 165 at high doses ( 10 100 nM ) increased thymidine incorporation . 1 nM VEGF 165 and VEGF 121 induced in GENC a significant peak of inducible NO synthase ( iNOS ) production and , at a lower level , of endothelial NOS ( eNOS ) . ^^^ These results identify in GENC VEGFR 2 as a mediator of iNOS and eNOS release under control of VEGF , whereas HSPG binding sites seem to mediate the weak growth effect . ^^^ The presence of AGEs , up regulating the VEGFR 2 and decreasing HSPG sites might participate to the block of glomerular angiogenesis addressing the VEGF effects on glomerular permeability . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mRNA expressions of VEGF and its receptors Flt 1 and Flk 1 were evaluated by semi quantitative reverse transcription PCR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In these studies , we designed small interfering RNA ( siRNA ) duplexes that targeted specific VEGFR subtypes in bovine aortic endothelial cells ( BAEC ) . siRNA mediated downregulation of VEGFR 2 by its cognate siRNA resulted in a significant attenuation of VEGF mediated signaling . ^^^ Compared to control siRNA treated cells , VEGFR 2 siRNA markedly inhibited VEGF mediated activation of PI3K / Akt / GSK3 beta as well as MAP kinase and PKC pathways . ^^^ VEGFR 2 siRNA also blocked VEGF stimulated phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ) at Ser ( 1179 ) and Ser ( 116 ) , respectively . ^^^ Taken together , our data suggest that VEGFR 1 receptor is a critical determinant of VEGFR 2 abundance , while VEGFR 2 is the key receptor directly responsible for endothelial cell signaling stimulated by VEGF . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the other hand , ADAM 15 expression in RA synovial fibroblasts was enhanced with VEGF 165 only if vascular endothelial growth factor receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 expression was induced by treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha , and the expression was blocked with SU 1498 , a specific inhibitor of VEGFR 2 . ^^^ These data demonstrate that ADAM 15 is overexpressed in RA synovium and its expression is up regulated by the action of VEGF 165 through VEGFR 2 , and suggest the possibility that ADAM 15 is involved in angiogenesis in RA synovium . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Levels of VEGF , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 were determined by enzyme immunoassay in tumor and adjacent normal tissue samples from 39 breast cancer patients . ^^^ Direct correlations were established between VEGF and VEGFR 1 , on the one hand , and VEGF and VEGFR 2 , on the other . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This effect was dependent on the binding of VEGF ( 165 ) to VEGFR 2 , as blocking antibodies to VEGFR 2 , but not VEGFR 1 , inhibited VEGF ( 165 ) induced migration . ^^^ The enhanced migration of hVSMCs was mediated through binding of VEGF ( 165 ) to both NRP 1 and VEGFR 2 , as inhibition of VEGFR 2 on these cells blocked the effect of VEGF mediated cell migration . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Most biological effects of VEGF are mediated via two receptor tyrosine kinases , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , but specific VEGF isoforms also bind neuropilins ( NP ) 1 and 2 , non tyrosine kinase receptors originally identified as receptors for semaphorins , polypeptides with essential roles in neuronal patterning . ^^^ VEGFR 2 and NP 1 are the major VEGF receptors expressed on neuronal cells and , while the mechanisms mediating neuroprotective effects of VEGF are not fully understood , VEGF stimulates several signalling events in neuronal cell types , including activation of phospholipase C gamma , Akt and ERK . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The first is molecular plasma VEGF levels of which are rapidly and significantly increased in a dose dependent manner after injection of normal or tumor bearing mice with anti VEGFR 2 antibodies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro , low concentrations of delphinidin inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) induced tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 , leading to the inhibition of downstream signaling triggered by VEGFR 2 . ^^^ Inhibition of VEGFR 2 by delphinidin inhibited the VEGF induced activation of ERK 1 / 2 signaling and the chemotactic motility of human EC as well as their differentiation into capillary like tubular structures in Matrigel and within fibrin gels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , placenta growth factor ( PlGF ) and their receptors ( VEGFR ) have important roles in vascular remodeling . ^^^ Furthermore , enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in the placental lysates showed that the women with placenta accreta demonstrated significantly higher VEGF ( P = 0 . 001 ) and lower soluble VEGFR 2 ( P = 0 . 015 ) concentrations than did women with normal pregnancy . ^^^ These observations suggest that the participation of up regulated VEGF and down regulated VEGFR 2 ( both membrane bound and soluble forms ) may be associated with the development of placenta accreta . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , which binds to tyrosine kinase receptors [ VEGF receptors ( VEGFR ) 1 and 2 ] , is the mediator of angiogenesis and mitogen for endothelial cells . ^^^ However , the action of nicotine and the relationship between COX 2 and VEGF / VEGFR system in tumorigenesis remain undefined . ^^^ This was associated with decreased VEGF levels as well as VEGFR 2 but not VEGFR 1 expression . ^^^ Taken together , our results reveal that the promoting action of nicotine on angiogenesis , tumor invasion , and metastasis is COX 2 / VEGF / VEGFR dependent . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro assays have shown that VEGF binds the VEGFR 2 leading to a phosphorylation of MAP kinases ( ERK1 / 2 ) with subsequent transcription factor accumulation ( activator protein 1 = AP 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since meniscal fibrochondrocytes express the VEGF receptor 2 ( KDR ) the induction of MMP expression might be another factor which inhibits healing despite increased angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SU 5416 , 3 ( 3 , 5 dimethyl 1H pyrrol 2 ylmethylene ) 1 , 3 dihydro indol 2 one , is a potent inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor tyrosine kinase , Flk 1 / KDR ( fetal liver kinase 1 / kinase insert domain containing receptor ) , also known as VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of VEGF was not reproduced by VEGF B or placental growth factor , but was blocked by SU 1498 , consistent with a VEGFR 2 receptor mediated process . ^^^ We conclude that VEGF promotes neurite outgrowth from cerebral cortical neurons by interacting with VEGFR 2 and activating Rho / ROK signaling pathways . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro , PCK 3145 specifically antagonized in a dose dependent manner the VEGF induced ERK phosphorylation as well as the phosphorylation of the VEGFR 2 in cultured EC ( HUVEC ) . ^^^ These anti VEGF effects were partly reproduced by pharmacological inhibitors such as PD 98059 and PTK 787 , suggesting that PCK 3145 inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity associated to VEGFR 2 , which in turn prevents intracellular signalling through the MAPK cascade . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interestingly , GDMEC expressed higher levels of VEGF receptors , flt 1 and flk 1 , as compared to an established human EC cell line ECV 304 and primary human umbilical vascular EC ( HUVEC ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The astrocytes were treated with VEGF at different concentrations ( 10 ng / ml 100 ng / ml ) as well as with VEGF receptor ( Flk 1 ) inhibitor SU 1498 . ^^^ The light microscope , MTT assay , TUNEL labeling and SABC immuno histochemistry were used to measure and observe the changes of the astrocytes in cell morphology , growth , proliferation , GFAP identified that 98 % of the purified 1 week cultured cells apoptosis , VEGF and Flk 1 expression . ^^^ The GFAP , VEGF and Flk 1 expression increased . ^^^ The exogenous VEGF exerts neuroprotective effect on astrocytes via VEGF receptor Flk 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors VEGFR 1 , soluble ( s ) VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 represent a regulatory system , essential for both physiological and pathological angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunoblotting analysis revealed that VEGF did not cause a dose dependent change in expression of VEGFR 2 but instead resulted in reduced phosphorylation of VEGFR 2 when cells were exposed to 10 and 20 ng / ml of VEGF . ^^^ Transfection of endothelial cells with antisense oligonucleotide against VEGFR 2 completely abolished VEGF induced proliferation , whereas anti SH PTP 1 dramatically increased VEGF induced proliferation by 1 and 5 fold at 10 and 200 ng / ml VEGF , respectively . ^^^ Taken together , these results indicate that activation of VEGFR 2 by VEGF enhances SH PTP 1 activity and eNOS expression , which in turn lead to two diverse events : one is that SH PTP 1 dephosphorylates VEGFR 2 and ERK / MAPK , which weaken VEGF mitogenic activity , and the other is that eNOS increases nitric oxide production which in turn lowers SH PTP 1 activity via S nitrosylation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , soluble Flt 1 and Flk 1 receptors , placental growth factor ( PlGF ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and soluble Tie 2 receptor were determined by ELISA . ^^^ Interestingly , in CHC patients serum levels of VEGF and Tie 2 correlated with grade of inflammation , PlGF correlated with stage of fibrosis , and Flt 1 and Flk 1 correlated with serum transaminase levels ( p < 0 . 05 in all cases ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : In order to clarify the role of vascular growth factor in the modulation of the vascular network of the cochlea , we studied the expression of VEGF and its receptors fms like tyrosine kinase ( Flt 1 ) and foetal liver kinase ( Flk 1 ) in the inner ear of 3 month old rodents of different species : C57BL / 6J mice , Wistar albino rats and Hartley albino guinea pigs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cigarette smoke disrupts VEGF 165 VEGFR 2 receptor signaling complex in rat lungs and patients with COPD : morphological impact of VEGFR 2 inhibition . ^^^ VEGF ( 165 ) signaling through VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 / kinase insert domain receptor ( KDR ) is a highly regulated process involving the formation of a tertiary complex with glypican ( GYP ) 1 and neuropilin ( NRP ) 1 . ^^^ Both VEGF and VEGFR 2 expression are reduced in emphysematous lungs ; however , the mechanism of regulation of VEGF ( 165 ) signaling through the VEGFR 2 complex in response to cigarette smoke exposure in vivo , and in smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) , is still unknown . ^^^ We hypothesized that cigarette smoke exposure disrupts the VEGF ( 165 ) VEGFR 2 complex , a potential mechanism in the pathogenesis of emphysema . ^^^ We show that cigarette smoke exposure reduces NRP 1 and GYP 1 as well as VEGF and VEGFR 2 levels in rat lungs and that VEGF , VEGFR 2 , GYP 1 , and NRP 1 expression in the lungs of both smokers and patients with COPD are also reduced compared with nonsmokers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On endothelial cells tetrameric TKPPR inhibited the VEGF ( 165 ) induced autophosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) even though it did not directly inhibit VEGF binding to VEGFR 2 . ^^^ Homology between exon 8 of VEGF and TKPPR suggests that the sequence coded for by exon 8 may stabilize VEGF binding to neuropilin 1 to facilitate signaling through VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Several direct and indirect vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) inhibitor strategies are under clinical investigation for treatment of solid tumors and hematological malignancies . ^^^ Approaches to disrupt the VEGF / VEGFR signalling pathways range from small molecule ATP competitive VEGFR inhibitors to biological agents such as soluble receptors , anti VEGF and anti VEGFR antibodies , small molecule inhibitors , and VEGF transcription inhibitors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Six CNV membranes ( CNVMs ) obtained from patients with subfoveal CNV attributable to age related macular degeneration ( AMD ) underwent immunohistochemistry for VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) and NP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Real time PCR was used to measure steady state mRNA expression of VEGF , VEGFR 2 , angiopoietin 1 , and Tie 2 . ^^^ RESULTS : mRNA of both VEGF and VEGFR 2 decreased significantly at 6 weeks after SNX . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Whether the antitumoral efficacy of bevacizumab could be increased when combined to low dose ( metronomic ) chemotherapy , or radiotherapy ( in rectal cancer ) , is under development , as well other VEGF targeted approaches ( e . g . , dominantnegative mutants , antisense oligonucleotides , antibodies directed against VEGF receptors ( VEGFR ) , VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors , soluble VEGFR , . . . ) , or other anti angiogenesis agents ( e . g . , thalidomide , celecoxib , angiozyme . . . ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PURPOSE : Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is a potent molecule that mediates tumor angiogenesis primarily through VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of Flk 1 on nonendothelial , tumor associated host cells raises the possibility that VEGF antagonists , such as Avastin , could inhibit tumor growth by a mechanism involving hematopoietic derived CD45+ / Flk 1+ cells , in addition to direct suppression of endothelial cell function . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both FTY 720 and FTY P apparently failed to impede VEGF produced increases in mitogen activated protein kinase activity in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells ( HUVEC ) , and unlike its activity in causing S1PR internalization , FTY P did not result in a decrease of surface VEGFR 2 levels in HUVEC cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the study described herein , we demonstrated that EphA 2 stimulation by ephrinA 1 in cultured bovine retinal endothelial cells inhibits VEGF induced VEGFR 2 receptor phosphorylation and its downstream signaling cascades , including PKC ( protein kinase C ) ERK ( extracellular signal regulated kinase ) 1 / 2 and Akt . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Up regulation of VEGF ( vascular endothelial growth factor ) , Flk 1 , angiopoietin 2 and PECAM 1 ( platelet / endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 ) was seen in both forms of angiogenesis , representing a common angiogenic response of endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study sought to identify the sequence of events and the fate of endothelial cells , pericytes , and vascular basement membrane during capillary regression in mouse tracheas after VEGF signaling was blocked with a VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG 013736 or soluble receptor construct ( VEGF Trap or soluble adenoviral VEGFR 1 ) . ^^^ Mice were treated with a small molecule VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) tyrosine kinase inhibitor or soluble VEGFRs for 1 3 wk . ^^^ VEGF dependent capillaries were fenestrated , expressed high levels of both VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 , and had normal pericyte coverage . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF interacts with three subtypes of VEGF receptors occurring on the cellular membrane known as VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) , VEGFR 2 ( Flk 1 / KDR ) , and VEGFR 3 ( Flt 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemistry demonstrated similar expression patterns of VEGF and VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) in the spinal cord with finely punctate staining of the neuropil and strong expression in anterior horn cells ( AHCs ) . ^^^ A greater proportion of AHCs in ALS cases showed low expression of VEGF ( p=0 . 006 ) and VEGFR 2 ( p=0 . 009 ) compared with controls . ^^^ Expression of VEGF and VEGFR 2 was confirmed by Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( QPCR ) . ^^^ The similar expression patterns of VEGF and VEGFR 2 suggests autocrine / paracrine effects on spinal motor neurons , and the reduction in their expression seen in ALS cases would support the hypothesis that , as in mouse models of the disease , reduced VEGF signaling may play a role in the pathogenesis of ALS . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Molecular analyses suggest that indian hedgehog in the yolk sac endoderm regulates the induction of VEGF , Flk 1 and Notch 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Similar to docetaxel , laulimalide had no effect on the VEGF induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the VEGF receptor Flk 1 / KDR ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^ Laulimalide inhibited integrin activation ; however , compared with docetaxel , it had a weaker inhibitory effect on the VEGF induced association of VEGFR 2 with the alpha5beta1 integrin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present work we tried to further elucidate the role of VEGF after TBI by performing specific VEGFR 2 activity inhibition . ^^^ In rats subjected to VEGFR 2 blockage we report an increased haemorrhagic area ( P < 0 . 05 ) , early increase in serum levels of neural injury marker neuron specific enolase ( P < 0 . 05 ) and glial injury marker S100beta ( P < 0 . 05 ) , and increased numbers of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate biotin nick end labelling ( TUNEL ) and FluoroJade B ( P < 0 . 05 ) positive cells , all increases preceding the known VEGF / VEGFR vascular response in brain trauma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The intensity and quantity of immunohistochemical staining for neuronal nitric oxide synthase , endothelial cell integrity , smooth muscle cell alpha actin , and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor flk 1 were decreased in the BIIAL group compared to sham controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In human NSCs cultures , G CSF activated STAT 3 and 5 , and increased VEGF and its receptor , VEGFR 2 ( Flk 1 ) expression , and VEGFR 2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor blocked the neurogenesis stimulated by G CSF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ATWLPPR and TPC Ahx ATWLPPR bound exclusively to neuropilin 1 ( NRP 1 ) recombinant chimeric protein ( IC50=19 and 171 microM , respectively ) but were devoid of affinity for VEGF receptor type 2 ( VEGFR 2 , KDR ) , to which ATWLPPR was initially thought to bind . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma ( RCC ) is characterized by the loss of von Hippel Lindau disease protein and the resultant dysregulation of the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) / VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) , platelet derived growth factor beta ( PDGF beta ) / PDGF receptor beta ( PDGFR beta ) , and transforming growth factor alpha ( TGF alpha ) / epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) / Raf pathways , which contribute to angiogenesis , lymphangiogenesis , and tumor cell growth and survival . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The differential expression of VEGF , VEGFR 2 , and GLUT 1 proteins in disease subtypes of systemic sclerosis . ^^^ Our aim was to evaluate ( a ) whether there is differential expression of the endothelial regulator vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , its receptor ( VEGFR 2 ) , and the hypoxia associated glucose transporter molecule , GLUT 1 , in skin biopsies from different disease subtypes of systemic sclerosis ( SSc ) and ( b ) whether they associate with dermal calcinosis , a significant complication of SSc . ^^^ Immunohistochemistry was performed with antibodies to VEGF , VEGFR 2 , and GLUT 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While ATF 3 failed to induce expressions of VEGF and VEGFR , it regulated those of CDK 2 , CDK 4 , p 8 , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 , integrin alpha 1 , subunit and matrix metalloprotease MMP 13 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , high glucose as well as L NAME stimulated VEGF and kinase insert domain receptor ( KDR ) ( VEGF receptor 2 ) mRNA expression in BAEC . ^^^ These data suggest that the uncoupling of VEGF with NO enhances endothelial cell proliferation via the KDR pathway . ^^^ In addition , a VEGF mutant , which binds only KDR , induced extracellular signal regulated kinase ( ERK ) activation , and inhibition of ERK completely blocked endothelial cell proliferation under this condition , suggesting a role of the KDR ERK1 / 2 pathway on endothelial cell proliferation . ^^^ In conclusion , high glucose causes an uncoupling of VEGF with NO , which enhances endothelial cell proliferation via activation of the KDR ERK1 / 2 pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF was not detected in most endothelium but was specifically expressed by aortic endothelial cells where VEGFR 2 was found to be phosphorylated , indicating an autocrine loop . ^^^ Additionally , VEGFR 2 was constitutively phosphorylated in the liver , lung , adipose , and kidney in vivo , providing evidence consistent with a role for VEGF in adult tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PURPOSE : To evaluate whether transfection of human retinal endothelial cells ( HRECs ) with plasmids expressing ribozymes designed to specifically cleave the mRNA and reduce expression of either vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) , or VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) , or insulin like growth factor 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) modulates occludin expression in high glucose treated cells . ^^^ VEGF and IGF 1 levels were measured in conditioned medium of HREC exposed to high glucose conditions , and the effect of varying glucose concentration on VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 phosphorylation was examined . ^^^ RESULTS : Exposure of HRECs to high glucose resulted in increased VEGF and IGF 1 expression as well as VEGFR 2 but not VEGFR 1 phosphorylation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue was assessed histologically after harvesting and quantitative immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGF R 2 ) , fibroblast growth factor basic ( bFGF ) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 ( FGF R 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By using quantitative immuno histochemistry , expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , flk 1 , and extracellular matrix ( ECM ) proteins ( collagens and fibronectin ) as well as vessel counts and myocyte cell size was evaluated in TF patients in relation to age matched controls . ^^^ Among 236 genes showing altered expression pattern in TF patients , VEGF ( 1 . 8 fold ) and ECM markers were clearly upregulated ( fibronectin , 2 . 4 fold ; collagen Ialpha , 7 . 5 fold ; and collagen 3 , 4 . 4 fold ) ; flk 1 and most matrix metalloproteinases ( MMPs ) remained unchanged , except the levels of MMP 13 and 17 declined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have successfully demonstrated in rat myocardial infarction ( MI ) model an effect of resveratrol on significant upregulation of the protein expression profiles of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its tyrosine kinase receptor Flk 1 , 3 wk after MI . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Then , t ( 8 ; 21 ) AML demonstrated augmented expression of VEGF and VEGF receptor type 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) , suggesting VEGF VEGFR 2 autocrine pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two in vitro studies on animal cell lines reported in the literature have demonstrated that , following stimulation with VEGF , KDR is actually translocated within the nucleus . ^^^ Only after hypoxia and VEGF stimulation there was a comparably increased expression of phosphorylated and total KDR observed in the nuclei of these cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These data support a model whereby VEGF acting via KDR is a mediator of the effect of the environment on neurogenesis and cognition [ 1 ] . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression and clinical significance of VEGF and its receptors Flt 1 and KDR in nasopharyngeal carcinoma ] . ^^^ BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE : Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors fms like tyrosine kinase 1 ( Flt 1 ) and kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) play critical roles in angiogenesis and tumor progression . ^^^ This study was to explore the correlations of VEGF , Flt 1 and KDR expression to clinical features and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC ) patients . ^^^ METHODS : Immunohistochemistry was adopted to detect the expression of VEGF , Flt 1 , and KDR in 127 specimens of NPC . ^^^ RESULTS : The positive rates of VEGF , Flt 1 , and KDR were 66 . 9 % , 90 . 6 % , and 88 . 2 % in the NPC specimens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hyperoxia decreased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 , fibroblast growth factor ( FGF ) 18 , and FGF receptors ( FGFRs ) FGFR 3 and FGFR 4 , increased mortality , and impaired alveolarization and capillary growth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lymphatics and blood vessels were identified by confocal / fluorescence microscopy of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor VEGFR 2 , alphaSMA ( specific to CAM blood vessels ) , homeobox transcription factor Prox 1 ( specific to lymphatics ) , and the quail hematopoetic marker , QH 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunostaining was performed with anti vascular endothelial growth factor ( anti VEGF ) , anti vascular endothelial growth factor receptor ( VEGFR ) 1 , anti VEGFR 2 , anti IL 8 and anti TGF beta , and measured by digital image analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
AIM : To investigate the differences in microvessel densities ( MVD ) and the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , VEGF C and VEGF receptor 3 ( VEGFR 3 ) between prostate cancer ( PCa ) tissues and adjacent benign tissues , and to explore the correlations among MVD , Jewett Whitmore staging , Gleason scores and expressions of VEGF , VEGF C and VEGFR 3 in the progression of PCa . ^^^ METHODS : An immunohistochemical approach was adopted to detect the expressions of CD 34 , VEGF , VEGF C and VEGFR 3 in both cancer areas and peripheral benign areas of 71 primary prostatic adenocarcinoma specimens . ^^^ RESULTS : Significantly upregulated expressions of VEGF , VEGF C and VEGFR 3 were all found in malignant epithelium / cancer cells compared with adjacent benign epithelium ( P < 0 . 01 ) . ^^^ Patients in stage D had a significantly higher score than patients in stage A , B or C when comparing the expression of VEGF C or VEGFR 3 in the tumor area ( P < 0 . 01 ) . ^^^ In addition , significant correlations were observed between Jewett Whitmore staging and VEGF C ( r ( s ) =0 . 738 , P < 0 . 01 ) , clinical staging and VEGFR 3 ( r ( s ) =0 . 410 , P < 0 . 01 ) , VEGF C and Gleason scores ( r ( s ) =0 . 401 , P < 0 . 01 ) , VEGFR 3 and Gleason scores ( r ( s ) =0 . 581 , P < 0 . 001 ) and MVD and VEGF ( r ( s ) =0 . 492 , P < 0 . 001 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SCC 9 cells express the VEGF receptors Flk 1 and neuropilin 1 , with VEGF treatment increasing VEGF promoter activity and VEGF secretion that was attenuated by the Flk 1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor , ZM 323881 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF activates VEGF receptor 1 ( VEGFR 1 ) and VEGFR 2 , whereas VEGF C activates VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 . ^^^ VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 showed striking differences in their requirements for VEGF C binding ; extracellular domain 2 of VEGFR 2 was sufficient , whereas in VEGFR 3 , both domains 1 and 2 were necessary . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : Both vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) C and ( VEGF ) D are ligands of VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 3 ( Flt 4 ) and VEGFR 2 ( KDR / FLK 1 ) and are supposed to participate in lymphangiogenesis . ^^^ METHODS : Fifty pairs of normal mucosa and cancer specimens were obtained from patients who had undergone gastrectomy for primary gastric carcinoma and subjected to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for VEGF C , VEGF D , and VEGFR 3 . ^^^ VEGFR 3 expression was associated both with VEGF C and VEGF D expression , but not with lymph node metastasis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Aberrant expression of VEGF receptors , especially VEGFR 2 , on epithelial tumor cells allows VEGF to stimulate growth and migration of tumor cells in an autocrine and / or paracrine manner . ^^^ Therefore , we studied the expression of VEGF and VEGFR 2 in bladder cancer , and the relationship to disease characteristics . ^^^ MATERIALS AND METHODS : Expression of VEGF and VEGFR 2 was studied in a cohort of 72 patients with transitional cell cancer of the bladder . ^^^ Bladder cancer cell lines that express VEGFR 2 were studied in vitro and in vivo to establish the significance of VEGF / VEGFR2 signaling . ^^^ RESULTS : Expression of VEGF and VEGFR 2 was observed in 58 % and 50 % of urothelial tumor cells , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using human cerebral endothelial cell ( HCEC ) , we report for the first time that IL 6 triggers HCEC proliferation and migration in a dose dependent manner , specifically associated with enhancement of VEGF expression , up regulated and phosphorylated VEGF receptor 2 ( KDR ) , and stimulated MMP 9 secretion . ^^^ Pharmacological inhibitor of PI3K failed to inhibit IL 6 mediated VEGF overexpression , while blocking ERK1 / 2 with PD 98059 could abolish IL 6 induced KDR overexpression . ^^^ Further , neutralizing endogenous VEGF attenuated KDR expression and phosphorylation , suggesting that IL 6 induced KDR activation is independent of VEGF stimulation . ^^^ We conclude that IL 6 triggers VEGF induced angiogenic activity through increasing VEGF release , up regulates KDR expression and phosphorylation through activating ERK1 / 2 signaling , and stimulates MMP 9 overexpression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVES : We have examined VEGF and its receptors , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , and angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) in the airways of subjects with asthma and contrasted these results with findings in normal control subjects . ^^^ MEASUREMENTS : We performed immunohistochemistry and image analysis to obtain quantitative measures of VEGF , VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , and Ang 1 staining in airway biopsies , and ELISA to assess VEGF concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Within the initial 4 h , both simulated microgravity and VEGF , alone , enhanced the expression of ECMP ( collagen type 1 , fibronectin , osteopontin , laminin ) and flk 1 protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The objective of this study was to use a series of algorithms called AQUA that quantitatively assesses protein expression on tissue microarrays ( TMAs ) to compare in situ expression of VEGF and its primary receptors , VEGF receptor 1 ( FLT 1 ) and VEGF receptor 1 ( FLK 1 ) , on a pancreatic cancer TMA . ^^^ The primary antibodies used were VEGF , FLT 1 , FLK 1 , and cytokeratin . ^^^ Kaplan Meier survival curves showed that VEGF and FLK 1 were not associated clearly with outcome . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rats underwent RT PCR determination of one of the VEGF receptors flt 1mRNA , and immunohistochemistry for VEGF receptors Flt 1 and Flk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Only CD34 / KDR and CD34 / CD133 / KDR correlated with VEGF serum levels . ^^^ VEGF serum levels are associated only with CD34 / KDR and CD34 / CD133 / KDR , whereas CFU numbers correlate with EPC functional properties . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phosphorylated KDR expression in endometrial cancer cells relates to HIF1alpha / VEGF pathway and unfavourable prognosis . ^^^ Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is a potent angiogenic factor for many malignant neoplasms exerting its function through activation of specific membrane receptors , that is , KDR / flk 1 , residing in endothelial cells . ^^^ It was noted that such pKDR reactivity in cancer cells was related directly to VEGF , VEGF / KDR complexes and HIF1alpha ( hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha ) expression . ^^^ It is concluded that the VEGF / KDR pathway is activated in both normally cycling and malignant endometrium , suggestive of an important role in the biology of this tissue . ^^^ The unfavourable prognosis that VEGF confers to endometrial adenocarcinomas could be attributed to its angiogenic activity , but also to a direct effect on cancer cells through an autocrine VEGF / KDR loop . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In situ hybridization for VEGF and VEGFR 2 was performed on at least 8 randomly chosen paraffin sections from each eye . ^^^ Both VEGF and VEGFR 2 mRNA were upregulated in the inner retina of ROP mice and reduced with SB 267268 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF receptor 1 , 2 , and 3 ( VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , and VEGFR 3 , respectively ) expression increased throughout the time course , with maximal expression at 48 , 8 , and 72 h , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Five micrometers sections were submitted to standard immunohistochemistry protocol using three primary antibodies ( SC 315 , SC 316 and VG76e ) for detection of kinase domain region ( KDR ) , fms like tyrosine kinase 1 ( Flt 1 ) and VEGF , respectively . ^^^ We concluded that VEGF might have a modulatory effect in the CL of the dog acting as paracrine and autocrine factor through its receptors , Flt 1 and KDR . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The response of VEGF to endothelial cell mitogenesis and survival , as well as angiogenesis and microvascular permeability , is mainly mediated through its receptor 2 , VEGFR 2 ( kinase domain receptor or fetal liver kinase 1 , KDR or Flk 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both the VEGF 165 mediated rise in cytosolic calcium and membrane depolarization are eliminated by inhibitors of VEGFR 2 , tyrosine kinase , src kinase and inositol 1 , 4 , 5 triphosphate operated calcium channels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 immunoreactivity in the porcine arteries of vascular subovarian plexus ( VSP ) during the estrous cycle . ^^^ The aim of the present study was to immunolocalize VEGF and its two receptors : VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 in the broad ligament of the uterus in the area of vascular subovarian plexus during different phases of the estrous cycle in pig and to determine the correlation between immunoreactivity of the investigated factors and phases of the estrous cycle . ^^^ Specific polyclonal antibodies : anti VEGF , anti VEGFR 1 and anti VEGFR 2 were used . ^^^ All agents displayed phase related differences in immunoreactivity suggesting the modulatory effect of VEGF , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 on the arteries of the VSP in the porcine broad ligament of the uterus . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our study analyzed the expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ( VEGF ) and its functional receptors , Flt 1 and Flk 1 , in the cochlear structures of noise exposed and unexposed guinea pigs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overlapping effects on the tumor cell and vascular compartments form a basis for the interaction , with VEGF production and hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha potentially acting as molecular links between EGFR and VEGFR 2 inhibition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We induced apoptosis of microvascular EC using shear stress and the combined VEGF receptor ( VEGFR 1 and 2 ) inhibitor SU 5416 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mRNA and protein expressions of VEGF and of fms like tyrosine kinase 1 ( Flt 1 ) and fetal liver kinase 1 ( Flk 1 ) , which are main VEGF receptors , in the heart were significantly lower in the sedentary aged rats compared with the sedentary young rats , whereas those in the exercise trained rats were significantly higher than those in the sedentary aged rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CONCLUSIONS : Cholangiocytes secrete VEGF and express VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 , all of which are amplified in BDL cholangiocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thrombin as well as its PAR 1 receptor activation peptide [ thrombin receptor activation peptide ( TRAP ) ] as well as GRO alpha all markedly increased vascular regulatory proteins and growth factors : matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) 1 , MMP 2 , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , CD 31 , and receptors KDR and CXCR 2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DESIGN : Human colon cancer cells were evaluated for the expression of VEGF and VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^ RESULTS : The RKO colon cancer cells expressed both VEGF and VEGFR 2 . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Colon cancer cells expressing VEGF and VEGFR 2 may possess an autocrine growth pathway that can be effectively targeted using RNA interference as an antiangiogenic therapy . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) D is a member of the VEGF family of angiogenic growth factors that recognizes and activates the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 and VEGFR 3 on blood and / or lymphatic vessels . ^^^ We show that in the long bones of newborn mice , VEGF D and VEGFR 3 are expressed in the osteoblasts of the growing plate . ^^^ A monoclonal neutralizing antibody , anti VEGF D , or silencing of VEGFR 3 by lentiviral mediated expression of VEGFR 3 small hairpin RNA affects VEGF D dependent osteocalcin expression and nodule formation . ^^^ Moreover , in primary human osteoblasts , VEGF D expression is under the control of VEGF , and inhibition of VEGF D / VEGFR 3 signaling , by monoclonal antibodies or VEGFR 3 silencing , affects VEGF dependent osteoblast differentiation . ^^^ These experiments establish that VEGF D / VEGFR 3 signaling plays a critical role in osteoblast maturation and suggest that VEGF D is a downstream effector of VEGF in osteogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We performed an immunohistochemical analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , its receptors ( VEGFR ) 1 and 2 , and the Tie 1 and 2 receptors in cryostat tissue sections of the placental bed from healthy women ( n = 5 ) and women with PE ( n = 5 ) , IUGR ( n = 5 ) , and DM ( n = 5 ) . ^^^ Alterations in the placental bed expression of VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , and Tie 1 , but not of VEGF and Tie 2 , may be associated with PE , IUGR , or DM . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the possible role of angiogenic mechanisms , we have studied the immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and their receptors ( VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , Tie 2 ) in ADPKD , Caroli ' s disease , normal and fetal livers . ^^^ Cholangiocytes were strongly positive for VEGF , VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 and Ang 2 in ADPKD and Caroli , and also for Ang 1 and Tie 2 in ADPKD , similar to fetal ductal plate cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : We sought to evaluate the effects of variations in the gene coding VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 on intermediate phenotypes of asthma in the Korean population . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recent insights have shed light onto VEGFR signal transduction and the interplay between different VEGFRs and VEGF co receptors in development , adult physiology and disease . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On day 6 , mice were randomized to receive ( a ) PBS ( control ) , ( b ) DC 101 [ VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) antibody ] by i . p . injection , ( c ) N nitro l arginine ( NNLA ; NOS inhibitor ) in the drinking water , or ( d ) both DC 101 and NNLA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have studied the intracellular trafficking of the major VEGF receptor KDR ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^ VEGF regulates the mobilization of VEGFR2 / KDR from an intracellular endothelial storage compartment . ^^^ We find that KDR can be delivered to the plasma membrane from this intracellular pool and that VEGF stimulates this recycling to the cell surface . ^^^ KDR recycling appears to be distinct from the previously characterized Rab 4 and Rab 11 dependent pathways , but , instead , KDR ( + ) recycling vesicles contain Src tyrosine kinase and VEGF stimulated recycling requires Src activation . ^^^ Taken together , these data show that intracellular trafficking of KDR is markedly different from other receptor tyrosine kinases and suggest that the regulation of KDR trafficking by VEGF provides a novel mechanism for controlling the sensitivity of endothelial cells to proangiogenic signals . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show that VEGF receptor 2 ( Flk 1 ) is expressed on ischemic neurons and astrocytes and is activated by VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , both these processes share similar modulating factors , like vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) and VEGFR 2 ( Flk 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ABT 869 is a structurally novel , receptor tyrosine kinase ( RTK ) inhibitor that is a potent inhibitor of members of the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and platelet derived growth factor ( PDGF ) receptor families ( e . g . , KDR IC 50 = 4 nmol / L ) but has much less activity ( IC50s > 1 micromol / L ) against unrelated RTKs , soluble tyrosine kinases , or serine / threonine kinases . ^^^ The inhibition profile of ABT 869 is evident in cellular assays of RTK phosphorylation ( IC 50 = 2 , 4 , and 7 nmol / L for PDGFR beta , KDR , and CSF 1R , respectively ) and VEGF stimulated proliferation ( IC 50 = 0 . 2 nmol / L for human endothelial cells ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We demonstrate here that in the avascular chicken retina , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) secreted by postmitotic neurons acts through the FLK 1 receptor present on progenitor cells to influence cell proliferation and commitment . ^^^ Conversely , absorbing endogenous VEGF ligand or disrupting FLK 1 activity attenuates cell proliferation and enhances retinal ganglion cell production . ^^^ In addition , we provide evidence that VEGF signals transmitted by the FLK 1 receptor activate divergent intracellular signaling components , which regulate different responses of progenitor cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show , by using chimeric cultures of embryonic stem cells defective in either HS production or VEGFR 2 synthesis , that VEGF signaling in endothelial cells is fully supported by HS expressed in trans by adjacent perivascular smooth muscle cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Compelling evidence suggest that vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors , especially receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 , or kinase insert domain containing receptor , KDR ) , play a critical role in angiogenesis under both physiological and pathological conditions , including cancer and angiogenic retinopathies such as age related macular degeneration ( AMD ) . ^^^ To this end , inhibition of angiogenesis with antagonists to either VEGF or KDR has yielded significant therapeutic efficacy both in preclinical studies in animal models and in clinical trials in patients with cancer and AMD . ^^^ In this study , we demonstrate that 1121B Fab is able to strongly block KDR / VEGF interaction , resulting in potent inhibition of an array of biological activities of VEGF , including activation of the receptor and its signaling pathway , intracellular calcium mobilization , and migration and proliferation of endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hypoxia caused by smoking may induce expression of the cytokines ' vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and VEGF D and their corresponding soluble tyrosine kinase receptors fms like tyrosine kinase receptor ( s Flt ) and kinase insert domain receptor ( s KDR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGFA ( VEGF ) , VEGFB , VEGFC , VEGFD ( FIGF ) and PGF ( PlGF ) are VEGF family ligands for receptor tyrosine kinases , including VEGFR 1 ( FLT 1 ) , VEGFR 2 ( KDR ) and VEGFR 3 ( FLT 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ZD 6474 is an orally available , small molecule inhibitor of VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) , EGFR and RET tyrosine kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Study of microvessel density and the expression of the angiogenic factors VEGF , bFGF and the receptors Flt 1 and FLK 1 in benign , premalignant and malignant prostate tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CONCLUSIONS : Our results suggest that expression of VEGF and VEGFR are associated with a poor prognosis via autocrine and paracrine growth stimulation of cancer cells . ^^^ PATIENTS AND METHODS : We examined the prognostic value of the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and of the VEGF receptors ( VEGFRs ) fms like tyrosine kinase receptor 1 ( flt 1 ) and kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR ) in non small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) . ^^^ RESULTS : Patients with tumors expressing VEGF or KDR tended to have poorer outcomes , and VEGF expression and KDR expression were positively correlated . ^^^ Multivariate analysis identified expression of both flt 1 and KDR and VEGF and KDR as possible independent prognostic factors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that VEGF receptor FMS like tyrosine kinase 1 ( Flt 1 ) and fetal liver kinase 1 ( Flk 1 ) expression increased during ESC differentiation . ^^^ Antibodies against Flk 1 totally blocked and against Flt 1 partially blocked VEGF induced NKx2 . 5 positive stained cells . ^^^ Our results suggest that VEGF promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation predominantly by ERK mediated Flk 1 activation and , to a lesser extent , by Flt 1 activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF A 165 ) displays diverse effects through binding to its receptor , KDR ( kinase domain containing receptor ) . ^^^ We previously found novel heparin binding VEGFs , designated VEGF F that specifically recognizes KDR in snake venoms . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and VEGF receptor 1 ( VEGFR 1 / Flt 1 ) were shown to be involved in pathological angiogenesis , particularly rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RTQ PCR demonstrated that VEGF , its receptors VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , and angiopoietin 2 and its receptor ( Tie 2 ) were also overexpressed ( P < 0 . 05 ) in PTC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While anti VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) antibody treatment improved the outcome , a VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor showed negative results . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using samples of CCE and COE , we immunohistochemically determined protein expression of the angiogenesis related factors : Thrombospondin 1 ( TSP 1 ) , pigment epithelium derived factor ( PEDF ) , endostatin , angiostatin , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , Fms like tyrosine kinase 1 ( Flt 1 ) , kinase insert domain receptor ( KDR ) , and basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) . ^^^ Immunohistochemically there was no obvious difference between CCE and COE with respect to angiostatin , VEGF , Flt 1 , KDR , and bFGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : The aim of the present study was to examine coordination of the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and VEGF receptor ( Flk 1 ) system and to study control of VEGF expression by oxidative stress , which is considered a model for chronic liver disease . ^^^ Although Flk 1 was phosphorylated in response to VEGF ( > 50 ng / mL ) , phosphorylated ERK was not detected at these concentrations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chrysin inhibits lipopolysaccharide induced angiogenesis via down regulation of VEGF / VEGFR 2 ( KDR ) and IL 6 / IL 6R pathways . ^^^ The mechanisms of the suppressive effect of chrysin on LPS induced angiogenesis , in terms of VEGF , VEGF receptors ( VEGFR ) , interleukin 6 ( IL 6 ) and IL 6 receptor gene expressions , were analyzed by Western blot , ELISA cytokine assay , and quantitative real time PCR . ^^^ There was a significant down regulation of VEGF and VEGFR 2 ( KDR ) but not VEGFR 1 ( Flt 1 ) gene expression by chrysin in LPS treated HUVEC cultures . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Candidate drugs currently target VEGF , VEGFR , PDGFR and tyrosine kinase receptors , which are necessary for intracellular signal transduction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In association with these cellular changes , mRNA for several angiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and receptors ( Flt and KDR ) , basic fibroblast growth factor ( FGF 2 ) and receptor , angiopoietin ( ANGPT ) 1 and receptor Tie 2 , endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( NOS 3 ) , and angiotensin 2 receptor 1 ( AT 1 ) were altered . ^^^ In addition , changes in mRNA expression for VEGF , Flt and KDR were positively correlated with changes in ANGPT 2 , Tie 2 , and NOS 3 , indicating a functional relationship . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The body weight was decreased in the diabetic rats compared with the control rats , but the left ventricular ( LV ) body weight ratio was increased in the diabetic group and was unaffected by treatment with ET antagonist . mRNA expression of VEGF and its receptors ( Flt 1 and Flk 1 ) in the LV tissues was assessed using real time polymerase chain reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blotting showed reduction of phosphorylated Flk 1 ( a vascular endothelial growth factor [ VEGF ] receptor ) , reduction of phosphorylated FAK ( an intracellular kinase phosphorylated in the presence of VEGF ) , reduction of VEGF , and reduction of fibrinogen in the cRGDfV treatment group . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previously , we demonstrated that malignant endothelial tumors arise in the setting of autocrine loops involving vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its major mitogenic receptor vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previous studies suggest that the effect of VEGF on endothelial cell migration is primarily mediated via VEGFR 2 ; however , VEGF induced EPC migration in vitro was mediated by both receptors , suggesting that VEGF VEGFR 1 interactions in EPCs are distinct from differentiated endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that VEGF induces the activation of the Rho dependent kinase ( ROCK ) downstream from vascular endothelial growth factor receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 . ^^^ We suggest that VEGF elicits the activation of the VEGFR 2 ROCK pathway , leading to phosphorylation of Ser 732 within FAK . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects of VEGF and VEGFR 2 on survival in patients with gastric cancer . ^^^ Thus , we investigated the effects of VEGF and VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 , KDR ) on survival in patients with gastric cancer . ^^^ The patients were divided into two subgroups according to their VEGF and VEGFR 2 ( KDR ) expression in resected specimens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) induces angiogenesis by stimulating reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) production primarily through the VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^ Knockdown of IQGAP 1 using siRNA inhibits localization of VE cadherin at cell cell contacts , VEGF stimulated recruitment of VEGFR 2 to the VE cadherin / beta catenin complex , ROS dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of VE cadherin , which is required for loss of cell cell contacts and capillary tube formation . ^^^ To induce angiogenesis , it may function to link VEGFR 2 to the VE cadherin containing adherens junctions , thereby promoting VEGF stimulated , ROS dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of VE cadherin and loss of cell cell contacts . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine whether VEGF could activate recombinant ion channels with similar properties , we investigated the effect of VEGF on Chinese hamster ovary cells cotransfected with VEGFR 2 and the canonical transient receptor potential ( TRPC ) channels , TRPC 3 or TRPC 6 . ^^^ VEGF induced a similar current to that described above in VEGFR 2 TRPC3 and VEGFR 2 TRPC6 cells but not in cells transfected with either cDNA alone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Neuropilin 1 ( NRP 1 ) is a co receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) that enhances the angiogenic signals cooperatively with VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HHV 8 generates KS by means of the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) andup regulation of VEGF receptor , KDR , in endothelial cells . ^^^ The thrombosis and withdrawal of sirolimus may have acted as cofactors in the development of KS , favouring the activation of the VEGF / KDR autocrine loop . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , conditioned medium derived from SNAP treated cardiomyocytes phosphorylated the VEGF type 2 receptor ( Flk 1 ) of human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( a fourfold increase compared to the control group , p < 0 . 001 , n = 5 ) and accelerated angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The bHLH transcription factor HESR 1 ( CHF 2 ) acts downstream of notch to regulate cardiovascular development and angiogenesis , at least in part through down regulation of the VEGF receptor , VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We used AZD 2171 , an oral , highly potent and selective vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) signaling inhibitor , to investigate the role of VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) signaling in adenoma development and growth in Apc ( Min / + ) mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pretreatment with Ad Flk 1 , an adenovirus encoding for the soluble VEGF receptor type 2 , prevented I / R mediated increase in lung vascular permeability in rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This collagen bound FNCBD VEGF 121 captured soluble VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) / Fc chimeric protein . ^^^ The VEGF fusion protein significantly enhanced the expression of VEGFR 2 ( 71 . 6+ / 0 . 8 % ) on endothelial progenitor cells ( EPCs ) derived from umbilical cord blood . ^^^ Expectably , the collagen bound VEGF fusion protein not only promoted the growth of endothelial cells ( ECs ) but also induced the expression of VEGFR 2 ( 63 . 7+ / 0 . 8 % ) on non adherent cells expanded from bone marrow CD34+ cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chimeric VEGF E ( NZ 7 ) / PlGF promotes angiogenesis via VEGFR 2 without significant enhancement of vascular permeability and inflammation . ^^^ Receptor binding assay demonstrated that VEGF E ( NZ 7 ) / PlGF was the ligand only activating VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : These results indicated that neither the hyperpermeability in response to simultaneous stimulation of VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 nor VEGFR 1 mediated severe inflammation was associated with VEGF E ( NZ 7 ) / PlGF induced angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retinal mRNA expression of VEGF splice variants ( VEGF 188 , VEGF 164 , VEGF 120 ) , VEGF receptors ( VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , Npn 1 , Npn 2 ) , and pigment epithelium derived factor ( PEDF ) were also examined . ^^^ High dose ibuprofen decreased retinal VEGF levels and retinal VEGF 164 , VEGF 120 , and VEGFR 2 transcripts , resulting in a significant increase in the cecal period in 87 % of rats at P 14 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , VEGF specific membrane receptor ( VEGFR 1 / Flt 1 and VEGFR 2 / Flk 1 ) expression was studied by confocal immunofluorescence in the corpus cavernosum of control rats , rats aged 12 and 18 months , and orchidectomized Wistar rats ( 90 days of bilateral orchidectomy ) . ^^^ Aging and orchidectomy modulate expression of VEGF receptors ( Flt 1 and Flk 1 ) on corpus cavernosum of the rat . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The increase of flk 1 and flt 1 ( VEGF receptors ) and tie 2 ( Ang 1 receptor ) induced by ang 2 was significantly suppressed by PD 123319 . ^^^ The increase of VEGF / flk 1 / flt 1 may be associated with vascular permeability , monocyte / macrophage infiltration , and rarefaction of peritubular capillaries , and the increase of the Ang1 / Ang2 ratio may be a compensatory mechanism counteracting the permeability inducing effect of VEGF after ang 2 infusion . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The purpose of this study is to investigate the association of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene ( UHMWPE ) particle induced inflammatory osteoclastogenesis and expression of RANK / RANKL and VEGF / VEGF receptors ( Flt 1 and Flk 1 ) using a mouse osteolysis model . ^^^ UHMWPE stimulation significantly increased VEGF gene expression , and exerted a lower enhancement effect on the gene expression of Flt 1 and Flk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the relationship between VEGF expression in tumors and infiltration of CD1a+ or CD83+ DCs , which express the VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) , remains unclear . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We observed increased hematocrit ( 60 75 % ) after high grade inhibition of VEGF by diverse methods , including adenoviral expression of soluble VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) ectodomains , recombinant VEGF Trap protein and the VEGFR 2 selective antibody DC 101 . ^^^ Studies using hepatocyte specific deletion of the Vegfa gene and hepatocyte endothelial cell cocultures indicated that blockade of VEGF induced hepatic Epo by interfering with homeostatic VEGFR 2 dependent paracrine signaling involving interactions between hepatocytes and endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunolocalizations of VEGF , its receptors flt 1 , KDR and TGF beta ' s in epithelial ovarian tumors . ^^^ In this study , we aimed to evaluate the immunolocalizations of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , its receptors flt 1 , KDR / flk 1 , and transforming growth factor beta ' s ( TGF beta ) in epithelial ovarian tumors , utilizing indirect immunohistochemistry to understand the role of the angiogenic events in ovarian neoplasia . ^^^ All formalin fixed , paraffin embedded tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin eosin or primary antibodies against VEGF , flt 1 , KDR / flk 1 , TGF beta 1 , TGF beta 2 and TGF beta 3 using the avidin biotin peroxidase method . ^^^ VEGF receptors , flt 1 and KDR / flk 1 immunoreactivities were detected not only in vascular endothelial cells , but also in tumor cells at malignant sites . ^^^ Conclusion : Our results suggest that overexpression of VEGF , its receptors flt 1 , KDR / flk 1 and TGF beta interaction may play an important role in the ovarian cancer biology , with potential effects on tumor growth and angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Most biological actions of NGF and VEGF are mediated by their cognate receptor protein tyrosine kinases , tropomyosin related kinase ( trkA for NGF ) and kinase insert domain containing receptor ( KDR , VEGFR 2 , flk 1 for VEGF ) , which activate a complex and integrated network of signaling pathways in neurons and endothelial cells . ^^^ Two small molecules , K252a and SU 5416 , which are antagonists of trkA and VEGFR 2 , respectively , may serve as key tools in dissecting the role of NGF and VEGF in angiogenesis and neurogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It has been postulated that PlGF is involved in intra and intermolecular cross talk between VEGF receptor 1 ( FLT ) and receptor 2 ( FLK 1 / KDR ) . ^^^ Since expression of VEGF and its receptor , FLK 1 , is seen in several cases of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and plasma VEGF level is also used to follow up this tumor , we performed immunohistochemical analysis for PlGF and VEGF in our case . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cells expressing VEGF receptor VEGFR 2 grown on plates coated with FN scVEGF displayed morphological phenotypes similar to those observed for cells grown on FN in the presence of equivalent amounts of free scVEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Aldosterone reduced the mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 without having any effect on the production of VEGF or mRNA levels of VEGF and hepatocyte growth factor in the progenitor cells . ^^^ Consistent with the downregulation of VEGFR 2 , VEGF induced phosphorylation of Akt was abolished in the progenitor cells after aldosterone treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) immunostaining were performed to evaluate angiogenic factors . ^^^ Microvessel density was also predictive of reduced PFS on multivariate analysis stratified for extent of resection ( p = 0 . 04 ) , and VMI as well as intensity and distribution of VEGF and VEGFR staining and the MIB 1 LI were not significantly associated with PFS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DESIGN AND METHODS : Previous studies of quantifying vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and VEGF receptors ( VEGFR ) in plasma cells from patients at different stages of MM found no significant difference in expression between overt MM and earlier pre malignant stages of the disease namely , monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance ( MGUS ) and smoldering multiple myeloma ( SMM ) . ^^^ Using an indirect VEGFR assay that measures VEGF binding , we found VEGF receptors on plasma cells from all groups of patients , with the lowest expression on plasma cells from normal individuals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
AIMS : The VEGF / VEGFR system is known to play an important role in the development of new blood vessels during tumor formation . ^^^ Since VEGF is able to induce proliferation and migration via VEGFR 2 we have studied the expression of VEGFRs and related receptor tyrosine kinases ( RTKs ) in different tumor cell lines and the effect of growth factor stimulation . ^^^ RESULTS : Most tested cell lines expressed all known VEGFR ' s , PDGFR beta on protein and mRNA levels to a varying extent . 3 out of 5 cell lines could be stimulated after addition of VEGF reflected by an increased phosphorylation of MAPK , AKT / PKB and to a lesser extent of p 38 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pravastatin significantly increased the number of EPC and decreased the number of SMPC . mRNA expression of VEGF , endothelial nitric oxide synthase , VEGF receptor 2 ( KDR ) , and Akt were up regulated , and VEGF secretion was increased by pravastatin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In a previous study , we found that the association of vascular endothelial cadherin ( VEC ) with VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) type 2 contributes to density dependent growth inhibition ( Lampugnani , G . ^^^ We found that VEGF induces the clathrin dependent internalization of VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , markers of tumor hypoxia ( hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha [ HIF1alpha ] ) , angiogenesis ( vascular endothelial growth factor [ VEGF ] and phosporylated kinase domain receptor [ pKDR ] / flk 1 receptor ) and the tumor vascular density ( CD 31 positive standard vascular density [ sVD ] and pKDR positive activated vascular density [ aVD ] ) were assessed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor tyrosine kinases , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , are important therapeutic targets for various cancers including AML . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mechanisms of endothelial response to oxidative aggression : protective role of autologous VEGF and induction of VEGFR 2 by H2O2 . ^^^ Cell viability , VEGF and VEGF receptor ( VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 ) expression , and transcription factor activation were studied on transient exposure of monolayer EC to H2O2 . ^^^ Exposure to H2O2 increased VEGF and VEGFR 2 mRNA and protein in EC , without affecting VEGFR 1 expression . ^^^ Exposure to exogenous VEGF also increased VEGFR 2 and induced NF kappaB in EC . ^^^ ROS induce expression not only of VEGF but also of VEGFR 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Complex formation between tissue transglutaminase 2 ( tTG ) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) : proposed mechanism for modulation of endothelial cell response to VEGF . ^^^ Stimulation of EC with VEGF resulted in translocation of the tTG VEGFR 2 complex from the cytoplasm to the nucleus . ^^^ In VEGF treated cells , tTG VEGFR 2 interaction resulted in incorporation of VEGFR 2 into high molecular weight crosslinked complex ( es ) , as revealed by an antibody against gamma glutamyl epsilon lysine isopeptide bond . tTG VEGFR 2 association was inhibited by a specific VEGFR 2 protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor ( PTKI ) , as well as by cystamine , inhibitor of the transglutaminase activity of tTG , but not by bacitracin which inhibits the protein disulfide isomerase ( PDI ) activity of tTG . ^^^ Furthermore , cystamine completely abolished the VEGF induced nuclear translocation of the tTG VEGFR 2 complex . ^^^ Taken together , our findings suggest that endothelial cell tTG might be involved in modulation of the cellular response to VEGF by forming an intracellular complex with VEGFR 2 , and mediating its translocation into the nucleus upon VEGF stimulation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previously , we have reported an embryonic stem ( ES ) cell differentiation system that exhibits early vascular development using vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) positive cells as common vascular progenitors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of VEGFR 2 on HaCaT cells is regulated by VEGF and plays an active role in mediating VEGF induced effects . ^^^ Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptor VEGFR 2 play important roles in mitogenesis and chemotaxis of endothelial cells . ^^^ To define the functional significance of VEGFR 2 in epidermis , we examined its role in a keratinocyte cell line , HaCaT cells , in response to VEGF treatment . ^^^ Expression of VEGFR 2 on HaCaT cells was confirmed at both RNA and protein levels and was regulated by VEGF 165 treatment . ^^^ Treatment of HaCaT cells with VEGF 165 induced tyrosine autophosphorylation of VEGFR 2 and phosphorylation of PLC gamma and p44 / 42 MAPK in a time dependent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This upregulation was inhibited by the VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 inhibitor SU 1498 , anti VEGFR 2 neutralizing antibody , and the phospholipase C ( PLC ) gamma inhibitor U 73122 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The analysis of mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factors ( VEGF ) and their receptors ( VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 ) showed a significant decrease in each VEGF isoform and in VEGFR 2 mRNA in representative alveolar wall tissues microdissected from the normal , NSIP , and UIP lungs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The extracellular immunoglobulin like domain of VEGFR 2 ( KDR / Flk 1 ) , soluble VEGFR 2 , may form a heterodimeric complex with a wild type VEGF receptor and function as a dominant negative receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) is critical for angiogenesis , although little is known about the precise role of endothelial VEGFR 1 and its downstream effectors in this process . ^^^ Consistent with these findings , the VEGFR 1 specific ligand placenta growth factor 1 activated phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase and VEGF E , which is selective for VEGFR 2 activated phospholipase Cgamma 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A signaling cascade involving sonic hedgehog ( Shh ) , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , the VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) , homeobox proteins Foxc 1 and Foxc 2 , the Notch receptor , and the downstream transcription factor gridlock is required for expression of arterial markers , whereas only a single transcription factor , COUP TFII ( chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor 2 ) , has previously been implicated in maintaining venous fate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In situ analysis of the Slit receptors , Robo 1 and Robo 2 , the vasculogenic markers VEGFA and Flk 1 , and the stromal cell marker BF 2 displayed no difference in comparison to controls . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , a combination of pharmacological and genetic perturbations showed that VEGFA signaling through FLK 1 is a required component of the neural tube vascular patterning signal . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Frequently vascular endothelial cell growth factors ( VEGFs ) are mainly responsible for the pathological neovascularization as in the case in neovascularization induced by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and herpes simplex virus infection in this report . siRNAs targeting either VEGFA , VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , or a mix of the three were shown to significantly inhibit neovascularization induced by CpG when given locally or systemically . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our hypothesis is that VEGFA and its receptor KDR are necessary for both testicular cord formation and neovascularization . ^^^ VEGFA protein was localized to Sertoli cells at cord formation and KDR to germ and interstitial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P15692 and P35968	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA