Pubmed abstracts for Protein-Protein Interaction search result :

Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.59954679
In addition , Trp 30 was replaced with both Tyr and Ala . 0.59954679^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TRP 1 and tyrosinase probes also detected melanoblasts but were both expressed later in development than TRP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The brown locus encodes TRP 1 ( tyrosinase related protein 1 ) , which has the same , but greatly reduced , catalytic potential . ^^^ We observed that tyrosinase activity is more stable in the presence of TRP 1 and / or TRP 2 , but that the catalytic function of TRP 2 is not affected by the presence of TRP 1 or tyrosinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Highly homologous DNA elements were found to be shared by the upstream regions of the mouse tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein ( TRP 1 ) genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The neonatal mice , unlike their pubertal and adult counterparts , also lacked dopachrome converting activity and TRP tyrosinase related protein 1 expression . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
After 2 days ' incubation , changes in various melanogenic factors were examined such as tyrosinase activity and the amount of tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) as well as the morphology of the melanocytes . dbcAMP stimulated all the melanogenic factors . ^^^ Staurosporine increased tyrosinase activity and amount of TRP and caused morphological changes with the formation of numerous dendrites , regardless of the presence of dbcAMP . ^^^ In contrast , PMA did not significantly affect tyrosinase activity , TRP content or dendrite formation , with or without dbcAMP . ^^^ The effects of staurosporine on tyrosinase activity and TRP content were completely inhibited by PMA , but PMA did not significantly affect the staurosporine induced morphological changes . ^^^ A 23187 inhibited both tyrosinase activity and TRP content , regardless of the presence of dbcAMP , but did not affect the morphology of melanocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Melanogenesis , a process unique to melanocytes that involves the processing of tyrosine by a number of melanocyte specific enzymes , including tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , occurs only after differentiation from the melanocyte precursor , the melanoblast . ^^^ One of these factors , termed M box binding factor 1 , binds to an 11 bp motif , the M box , which acts as a positive regulatory element both in TRP 1 expressing and nonexpressing cell lines , despite being entirely conserved between the melanocyte specific tyrosinase and TRP 1 promoters . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have now ordered Orm 1 , Lv ( the mouse homolog of ALAD ) , and Hxb in an interspecific backcross panel , by use of tyrosinase related protein 1 , Tyrp 1 , whose human homolog maps to 9p13 pter ( Abbott et al . , Genomics 1991 ) as a reference locus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , because of our hypothesis that vesiculoglobular bodies carry post ( and pre ) tyrosinase regulatory factors involving in both pheo and eumelanogenesis , the term `` b protein ' ' which focuses only on eumelanogenesis may not be applied to HMSA 5 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The gp 75 glycoprotein is homologous to tyrosinase , an enzyme involved in the synthesis of melanin , forming a family of tyrosinase related proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosine hydroxylase ( tyrosinase ) activity co purified with gp 75 during membrane solubilization and anion exchange and Con A chromatography . ^^^ Amino acid composition of gp 75 was similar to that of tyrosinase . ^^^ Physicochemical similarities and limited identity in the primary structure between gp 75 and tyrosinase support the conclusion that the gp 75 antigen does not exhibit tyrosine hydroxylase activity , but is a member of a tyrosinase related family of proteins . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To further study this phenomenon of concerted developmental and pigmentary activity , we followed the sequence of tyrosinase ( key enzyme of melanogenesis ) expression and activity and the presence of the melanosomal protein gp 75 during the development of traumatically induced anagen follicles ( days 0 = telogen , and days 1 12 , after anagen induction studied ) . ^^^ Western blotting emphasized proteins of MW 66 68 kD ( tyrosinase ) , and 73 75 kD ( gp 75 ) ; tyrosinase was undetectable on day 0 , but already present on days 1 and 2 ; it increased by day 5 and had reached a plateau on days 8 and 12 ; gp 75 was undetectable on days 0 2 ; it was present on day 3 , increased by day 5 , and reached a plateau on days 8 and 12 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Molecular mechanisms governing melanogenesis in hamster melanomas : relative abundance of tyrosinase and catalase B ( gp 75 ) . ^^^ Variants of the Bomirski family of hamster melanomas whose proliferative rates differ inversely with the genetically determined degree of melanogenesis were probed for two proteins critical in melanogenesis : tyrosinase and catalase B ( gp 75 ) . ^^^ These findings suggest a regulatory control of melanogenesis distal to ( tyr ) mRNA and strengthen the hypothesis that in vivo tyrosinase without catalase B favors pheo over eumelanogenesis . . ^^^ The amelanotic variant Ab , inducible in culture with L tyrosine or L dopa to form melanosomes and to melanize , had minimal tyrosinase , despite high levels of ( tyr ) mRNA , and no gp 75 . ^^^ Variant MI , hypomelanotic despite abundant tyrosinase , and synthesizing predominantingly pheo ( red ) melanin , expressed barely detectable gp 75 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cDNA pMT 4 was initially cloned as a putative tyrosinase cDNA by Shibahara et al , but it is now known to encode mouse brown ( b ) locus protein , which was named `` tyrosinase related protein ' ' by Jackson or `` b protein ' ' by Hearing and Jimenez . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The CAS 2 protein has primary and probably secondary structures similar to human tyrosinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have determined the exon structure of the mouse tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) gene . ^^^ The flanking DNA of TRP 1 , unlike tyrosinase , does not contain a TATA box or a CCAAT box . ^^^ The tyrosinase related protein 1 gene has a structure and promoter sequence very different from tyrosinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunocompetition assays with monoclonal antibodies to gp 75 , a known pigmentation associated antigen of melanocytes , suggested that Pmel 17 1 encodes a 75 , 000 Mr glycoprotein that is highly abundant in melanotic cells and shares some immunological homology with tyrosinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PAA was shown to be different from tyrosinase , the enzyme involved in melanin synthesis , but it was found to be identical to the previously recognized glycoprotein , gp 75 , characteristic of pigmented melanomas and melanocytes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The epitope for MAT 1 was determined to be EDYH , the sequence of which is not present in human tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) or tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 ) . ^^^ By transient expression assays and immunofluorescence technique , we show that MAT 1 reacts specifically with cells expressing human tyrosinase cDNA but not with cells expressing TRP 1 or TRP 2 cDNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hoechst 33258 itself was selectively toxic for the MM96E melanoma cell line compared with other cell lines , induced a highly dendritic morphology , increased tyrosinase activity and tyrosinase mRNA but decreased the level of gp 75 ( TRP 1 ) mRNA ; message for a third pigment gene , Pmel 17 , was unchanged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Four melanoma proteins , MART 1 , gp 100 , tyrosinase , and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( gp 75 ) were evaluated for recognition by HLA A 2 restricted melanoma specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes ( CTLs ) derived from the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes ( TIL ) of 10 different patients . 9 of 10 TIL recognized MART 1 , 4 recognized gp 100 ( including 3 that also recognized MART 1 ) , but none of the TIL recognized tyrosinase or gp 75 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our UV exposure study , as well as gene transfection and antisense hybridization experiments , has clearly indicated a marked and coordinated interaction of the Lamp 1 gene with the tyrosinase and TRP 1 genes in this process . ^^^ We propose that melanogenesis is controlled at least by two major gene family products , i . e . , ( a ) the tyrosinase family of tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 , and the Lamp family of Lamp 1 , Lamp 2 and Lamp 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Stimulation of melanogenesis by UV light involved an increase in tyrosinase activity , without any change in the amounts of either tyrosinase or tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 , and a decrease in the amount of TRP 2 , as determined by Western blot analysis . ^^^ These results are different from the mechanisms by which other melanogenic agents , such as cholera toxin and isobutyl methylxanthine , stimulated melanogenesis , whereby the amounts of tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 were increased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No change was observed in expression of gp 75 , neural specific octamer binding proteins , or in mRNA levels of tyrosinase , Pmel 17 and gp 75 ( TRP 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fibroblasts co expressing tyrosinase and the b protein synthesize both eumelanin and phaeomelanin . ^^^ To investigate the function of the b protein and its interaction with tyrosinase , we established cell lines expressing both tyrosinase and the b protein by transfecting tyrosinase expressing fibroblasts with a b protein expression vector . ^^^ The tyrosinase expressing parent line does not have L dopachrome tautomerase activity , but this enzyme is detectable in double transfectants as well as in fibroblasts expressing the b protein alone . ^^^ This is thought to result from interaction of tyrosinase with the b protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Melanocyte differentiation marker gp 75 , the brown locus protein , can be regulated independently of tyrosinase and pigmentation . ^^^ Tyrosinase , encoded by the albino ( c ) , and the tyrosinase related protein 1 or gp 75 , encoded by the brown ( b ) locus , are two of the best characterized markers for melanocyte differentiation . ^^^ In contrast to uniform down regulation of gp 75 expression , HMBA could either up regulate or down regulate tyrosinase expression and pigmentation . ^^^ Based on the differential regulation of gp 75 and tyrosinase , melanoma cells could be classified into two groups . ^^^ In one group , gp 75 expression was coordinately regulated with tyrosinase activity and pigmentation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In a parallel study , the addition of 10 nM ET 1 induced an increase in tyrosinase activity in cultured human melanocytes and was accompanied by elevated levels of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 mRNA expression as shown by Northern blotting . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of tyrosinase , tyrosinase related proteins 1 and 2 ( TRP 1 and TRP 2 ) , the silver protein , and a melanogenic inhibitor in human melanoma cells of differing melanogenic activities . ^^^ The expression of various melanogenic proteins , including tyrosinase , the tyrosinase related proteins 1 ( TRP 1 ) and 2 ( TRP2 / DOPAchrome tautomerase ) , and the silver protein in human melanocytes was studied in six different human melanoma cell lines and compared to a mouse derived melanoma cell line . ^^^ Analysis of the expression of tyrosinase , TRP 1 , TRP 2 , and the silver protein using flow cytometry revealed that in general there was a positive correlation between melanin formation and the expression of those melanogenic enzymes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Untransfected L cells and L cells transfected with tyrosinase related protein 1 , TRP 1 ( gp 75 ) , were nonreactive . ^^^ The expression pattern of three melanosome associated proteins tyrosinase , TRP 1 ( gp 75 ) , and gp 100 in melanoma was also compared . ^^^ Tyrosinase and gp 100 are expressed in a higher percentage of melanomas than TRP 1 ( gp 75 ) , and the expression of these three antigens was discordant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TRP 1 encoded at the brown locus and TRP 2 encoded at the slaty locus ) regulate eumelanogenesis catalytically at steps distal to tyrosinase ( as 5 , 6 dihydroxyindole 2 carboxylic acid oxidase and DOPAchrome tautomerase , respectively ) . ^^^ TRP 1 encoded at the brown locus and TRP 2 encoded at the slaty locus ) regulate eumelanogenesis catalytically at steps distal to tyrosinase ( as 5 , 6 dihydroxyindole 2 carboxylic acid oxidase and DOPAchrome tautomerase , respectively ) . ^^^ There was no detectable expression of TRP 1 or TRP 2 , or either of their enzymatic activities , in hair bulbs of lethal yellow ( Ay / a ) newborn mice , and tyrosinase activity was present at a reduced level compared to that found in hair bulbs of black ( a / a ) newborn mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Within mammalian melanocytes , melanin biosynthesis is controlled by three enzymes structurally related : tyrosinase and two tyrosinase related proteins , TRP 1 and TRP 2 . ^^^ This treatment also produces a noticeable activation of the tyrosinase isoenzymes , which is higher for TRP 1 than for tyrosinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There was coordinated gene expression ( mRNA ) of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein , TRP 1 and this coordinated gene expression was also accompanied by the upregulation of LAMP 1 ( lysosome associated membrane protein 1 ) . ^^^ Furthermore , human tyrosinase and TRP 1 mRNAs were expressed successfully in individual transfectants or co transfectants of cDNAs from the two genes . ^^^ Co transfectants of human tyrosinase and TRP 1 cDNAs produced many lysosomal granules and melanin containing granules , melanosomes . ^^^ LAMP 1 gene was upregulated simultaneously in co transfectants of tyrosinase and TRP 1 , but not in individual transfectants of the two genes . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vertebrate tyrosinases proper first diverged from an ancestral tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) that then subsequently diverged to form tyrosinase related protein 1s ( TRP 1s ) and tyrosinase related protein 2s ( TRP 2s ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three mammalian melanocyte proteins known to have isoforms in this molecular mass range are tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 and TRP 2 . ^^^ SL autoantibodies recognize a chicken melanocyte protein that is different from that of tyrosinase or the candidate chicken TRP 2 . ^^^ Mammalian tyrosinase related protein 1 is recognized by autoantibodies from vitiliginous Smyth chickens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The albino locus encodes tyrosinase , an enzyme with three distinct melanogenic functions , the brown locus encodes TRP 1 ( tyrosinase related protein 1 ) , and the slaty locus encodes TRP 2 , another tyrosinase related protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tyrosinase gene family is currently composed of three members , tyrosinase and two tyrosinase related proteins , TRP 1 and TRP 2 . ^^^ The identification and partial cloning by PCR of the gene for tyrosinase related protein 1 in the Mexican axolotl . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) functions as a DHICA oxidase in melanin biosynthesis . ^^^ Although the brown locus , encoding TRP 1 , was actually the first member of the tyrosinase gene family to be cloned , its catalytic function ( which results in the production of black rather than brown melanin ) has been in general dispute . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transformation is characterised by a morphological change , loss of TPA dependence , the ability to grow in soft agar and strikingly , loss of pigmentation which correlates with loss of expression of the melanocyte specific TRP 1 and tyrosinase genes . ^^^ Moreover , expression of the mi gene was reduced around 50 fold in the non pigmented E1a transformed melan a cells compared to the nontransformed melan a cell line , with ectopic expression of Mi able to prevent repression of the tyrosinase and TRP 1 promoters in the presence of E1A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Basic investigation into the nature of melanin monomer and polymer synthesis in pigment cells has revealed many of the new underlying factors involved in its regulation and control by three melanogenesis related genes , tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 , and other non tyrosinase glycoproteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study was carried out to investigate the abundance of tyrosinase and related proteins ( TRP 1 and TRP 2 ) in human epidermis and their relationship to melanin type . ^^^ With TRP 1 and TRP 2 the increase in number in response to UVB was unrelated to skin type and , hence , with melanin type but with tyrosinase there was a much greater increase in skin types 3 and 4 than in skin type 1 and 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , NDP MSH induces increases in tyrosinase mRNA and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human melanoma cell lines have been used to examine the regulation of the tyrosinase ( TYR ) and tyrosinase related protein genes TRP 1 and TRP 2 in response to differentiating chemicals and UV irradiation . ^^^ There is little effect of UV irradiation on pigment synthesis by human melanoma cell lines or tyrosinase activity , with variable effects on the levels of the TYR , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 gene transcripts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Melanin biosynthesis is regulated by a number of melanocyte specific proteins , including tyrosinase , DOPAchrome tautomerase ( DCT ) , and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 , gp 75 ) . ^^^ To get more insight on the molecular mechanisms involved in psoralens induced melanogenesis , we determined tyrosinase and DCT activities as well as mRNA and protein levels of tyrosinase , DCT , and TRP 1 in S 91 mouse melanoma cells treated by 5 MOP . ^^^ Tyrosinase and TRP 1 expression are coordinately regulated by 5 MOP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Detection of a Tsp509I polymorphism in the 3 ' UTR of the human tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TYRP ) gene . ^^^ We have identified a Tsp509I polymorphism in the 3 ' UTR of the human tyrosinase related protein 1 gene ( TYRP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blot analysis of tyrosinase and the tyrosinase related proteins TRP 1 and TRP 2 revealed that alpha MSH increased the expression of those three melanogenic proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In Northern blot analysis the level of HMG 1 ( Y ) mRNA expression did not correlate with that of tyrosinase or TRP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results indicate that LEMT , most probably identical to the product of the b locus , is a tyrosinase having a specific DHICA oxidase activity . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Its product , the b protein or TRP 1 , has significant homology to tyrosinase , and this has led to suggestions that the b protein is itself a melanogenic enzyme . ^^^ We were unable to confirm previous reports that the b protein has tyrosinase or catalase activity , but detected stereospecific dopachrome tautomerase activity in b protein expressing fibroblasts . ^^^ Further supporting evidence comes from the analysis of melanin metabolites produced by fibroblasts expressing tyrosinase alone , or in combination with the b protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Whereas the functions of other melanosomal proteins , such as tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 , dopachrome tautomerase , and Pmel 17 , are known , the function of MART 1 in melanogenesis , is unclear . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 and 2 regulate the main steps in melanin synthesis and are immune targets in skin cancer or autoimmune pigmentary disorders . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Molecular analyses revealed a re expression of tyrosinase related protein 1 ( Trp 1 ) and tyrosinase in the MIA deficient cell clones necessary for melanin synthesis . ^^^ To identify the molecular mechanisms of MIA regulating pigmentation , MITF and PAX 3 , two positive regulators of Trp 1 and tyrosinase transcription , and PIAS 3 , a negative regulator of MITF activity , were analyzed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have found that PTU induces degradation of tyrosinase but not of other melanogenic proteins including the tyrosinase related metalloproteins tyrosinase related protein ( Tyrp ) 1 and Tyrp 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Protein levels of tyrosinase ( TYR ) , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TYRP 1 ) , and tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TYRP 2 ) were quantified by Western blot analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Antibodies specific to tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 / Mel 5 ) , and melanoma specific antigen A ( Melan A ) were used to analyze the cultured cells . ^^^ Immunohistochemical techniques proved the VIEM to be positive for Melan A , TRP 1 and , in the majority of cases , also for tyrosinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 alleles specify domestic cat coat color phenotypes of the albino and brown loci . ^^^ To investigate their influence in domestic cat coat color , we determined the complete nucleotide coding sequence of the domestic cat genes tyrosinase ( TYR ) a plausible candidate gene for the albino ( C ) locus , and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TYRP 1 ) a candidate gene for the brown ( B ) locus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They are positive for melanocyte markers such as tyrosinase related protein 1 and DOPAchrome tautomerase and they contain stage 1 melanosomes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It was shown that the melanin synthesis was induced in PLD 1 knockdowned cells , and also that the level of melanin synthesis was well correlated with increases in expression level of tyrosinase and its related proteins ( Tyrp 1 and Dct ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of melanocyte specific proteins ( including TYR ( tyrosinase ) , TYRP 1 ( tyrosinase related protein 1 ) , DCT ( tyrosinase related protein 2 ) , MART 1 ( melanoma antigens recognized by T cells ) gp 100 ( Pmel17 / silver ) , and MITF ( micropthalmia transcription factor ) ) increased from 0 to 7 d after UV exposure , but the melanin content of the skin increased only slightly . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sequences and mapping of genes encoding porcine tyrosinase ( TYR ) and tyrosinase related proteins ( TYRP 1 and TYRP 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : Previously , we demonstrated that a recombinant Listeria monocytogenes ( rLM ) vector encoding the melanoma associated antigen , tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 2 , could successfully treat subcutaneous B 16 melanomas . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cAMP dependent pathway up regulates MITF ( microphthalmia associated transcription factor ) , important for key melanogenic proteins such as tyrosinase , TRP 1 ( tyrosinase related protein 1 ) and TRP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We used three types of AMN to investigate the expression profiles of melanogenesis related genes [ tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , dopachrome tautomerase ( TRP 2 ) , Pmel 17 / gp100 , P protein , and microphthalmia associated transcription factor ( MITF ) ] , as well as tyrosinase , TRP 1 , Pmel 17 / gp100 , and MITF proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase , Tyrp 1 and Dct promoters contain a motif termed E box which is bound by the transcription factor Mitf . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , prolonged exposure to this agent induced melanogenesis , concomitant with the elevated expression of the melanocyte specific enzymes tyrosinase and tyrosinase related proteins ( TRP ) 1 and 2 , a morphological feature associated with differentiated melanocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of tyrosinase related protein 1 , a melanocyte specific gene , correlated with SWI / SNF dependent changes in chromatin accessibility at the endogenous locus . ^^^ Both BRG 1 and Mitf could be localized to the tyrosinase related protein 1 and tyrosinase promoters by chromatin immunoprecipitation , whereas immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that Mitf and BRG 1 co localized in the nucleus and physically interacted . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CRH peptides also stimulated the expression and activity of Tyrosinase , and expression of Tyrosinase related protein 1 and 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Non syndromic oculocutaneous albinism ( OCA ) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorder with mutations identified in several genes : OCA 1 ( tyrosinase , TYR ) , OCA 2 ( OCA 2 ) , OCA 3 ( tyrosinase related protein 1 , TYRP 1 ) , and OCA 4 ( membrane associated transporter protein , MATP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Hinokitiol markedly inhibited melanin synthesis and also reduced the protein levels of tyrosinase ( TYR ) , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TYRP 1 ) , tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TYRP 2 ) and MITF in Mel Ab cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blot analysis revealed that expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related proteins 1 and 2 ( TRP 1 and TRP 2 ) was decreased in butin ( 7 ) treated HEMn cells . ^^^ Additionally , quantitative real time PCR ( qRT PCR ) analysis disclosed that expression of mRNAs for tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 was suppressed by butin ( 7 ) . ^^^ It is concluded that butin ( 7 ) is the most active of the components of S . suberectus in inhibiting pigmentation and that this inhibition is exerted through inhibition of transcription of the genes encoding tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP2 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To address expression of the key genes for melanogenesis in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) , a tyrosinase positive leukocyte cell line ( SHK 1 ) and skin were used to obtain full length tyrosinase ( Tyr ) , tyrosinase like protein 1 ( Tyrp 1 ) , and dopachrome tautomerase ( Dct ) mRNA transcripts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CONCLUSION : As demonstrated here , the Gpnmb and Tyrp 1 iris phenotypes are both individually dependent on tyrosinase function . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Some of them also inhibited tyrosinase related protein 1 and / or tyrosinase related protein 2 in cultured cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , tyrosine hydroxylase , DOPA oxidase , and protein levels for tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 were not influenced by alpha MSH . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Energy transfer has been demonstrated between Tyr and Trp residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Calculation of the energy transfer efficiency between Trp and Tyr residues leads to an evaluation of the distance separating these residues . ^^^ In alkaline medium , when tyrosine is ionized , a 100 % transfer efficiency occurs from Trp to Tyr at the singlet level and also from Tyr to Trp at the triplet level indicating that the TRP Tyr distance is less than about 5A . ^^^ When luliberin is at pH 7 . 8 ( or 4 . 5 ) , transfer efficiency from Tyr to Trp at the singlet level is 85 90 % which should correspond to a distance between Trp and Tyr of about 10 12 A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Studies on their actions on acyl tl amino acid methyl or ethyl esters indicated that proteinases D and E both exhibited a broad substrate specificity and hydrolyzed the ester bonds of esters containing Trp , Tyr , Phe , Leu , and Ala . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The reactivity of the aromatic side chains of Tyr and Trp in human haemopexin were studied by chemical modifications and analysis of spectrophotometric titration curves . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosine ( Tyr ) , tyrosine hydroxylase ( TH ) , tryptophan ( Trp ) , serotonin ( 5 HT ) , and 5 hydroxyindole acetic acid ( 5 HIAA ) were assayed spectrofluorometrically and radioenzymatically in various regions of post mortem brains of human patients with hepatic , uremic , and diabetic coma , liver cirrhosis without coma , and hepatic coma treated with parenteral administration of L valine , a branched chain amino acid . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The single point mutation Trp 138 leads to Tyr leads to relatively large changes in stability and the interaction of the protein with guanidinium chloride . ^^^ The changes associated with the subsequent double mutation , Trp 126 leads to Tyr , Trp 158 leads to Tyr , are much smaller indicating a relatively smooth adjustment of the protein structure to the changed side chains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This is achieved by developing a series of specific stains for the following amino acids : Arg , Tyr , His , Trp , Met and Cys . ^^^ The Pauli reaction for His and Tyr and the Sakaguchi stain for Arg can be developed sequentially in the same gel , thus allowing the detection of four different amino acids since , under these conditions , also Trp reacts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cytochrome c of Tetrahymena pyriformis GL ( Phenoset A ) had an isoelectric point of 6 . 5 and by sequence the following composition : Asp ( 7 ) Asn ( 2 ) Thr ( 4 ) Ser ( 8 ) Glu ( 6 ) Gln ( 2 ) Pro ( 7 ) Gly ( 13 ) Ala ( 13 ) Val ( 7 ) Met ( 2 ) Ile ( 5 ) Leu ( 6 ) Tyr ( 2 ) Phe ( 5 ) Lys ( 11 ) His ( 3 ) Trp ( 1 ) Arg ( 3 ) Cys ( 2 ) ( total 109 residues ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Binding affinities towards DNA and base pair specificities of lysine copolymers , containing different amounts of Phe , Tyr or Trp residues , were estimated using a previously described chromatographic method . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The series included horse and yeast cytochromes iodinated at Tyr 67 and 74 , horse cytochrome formylated at Trp 59 in both a low and high redox potential form , the Met 80 sulfoxide derivative of horse cytochrome and the N acylisourea heme propionate derivative of tuna cytochrome . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A fragment condensation method was utilized for synthesis of the Trp 8 substituted luteinizing hormone releasing hormone ( LH RH ) . tert Butoxycarbonyl protection was employed for the alpha amino positions , and benzyl protection was used for the phenol group of Tyr and the imidazole nitrogen of His . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ser ( 10 ) , Thr ( 12 ) , Asn ( 14 ) , and Thr ( 15 ) were shown to bind the phosphate of the FMN while the isoalloxazine ring is positioned between Trp ( 60 ) and Tyr ( 98 ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Up till now evidence is lacking regarding the regional distribution of indoles , like tryptophan ( TRP ) , serotonin ( 5 HT ) and 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid ( 5 HIAA ) as well as tyrosine ( TYR ) in the brains of Mongolian gerbils . ^^^ Brain TYR and TRP are only slightly increased after a protein rich diet , whereas 5 HT and 5 HIAA are not changed . ^^^ Artificial nutrition with amino acid mixtures highly concentrated with branched chain amino acids lead to a decrease of TYR and TRP as well as 5 HT and 5 HIAA . ^^^ Mongolian gerbils show higher brain values of TRP and lower ones of TYR in comparison with other species of mice . ^^^ Moreover , TYR and TRP are significantly increased in peripheral organs after a protein rich diet . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Results showed that protein fluorescence is due to buried Trp only , except for the cucumber virus 4 strain , in which Tyr also contributed to the emission . ^^^ An unusually efficient Tyr leads to Trp energy transfer was observed in tobacco mosaic virus protein , indicating that most of four Tyr residues are located near the highly fluorescent Trp . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The steady state kinetics of the alkaline mesentericopeptidase catalysed hydrolysis of esters of the general formula Ac 10 OMe ( OEt ) has been studied , `` 10 ' ' being an amino acid residue ( Ala , Val , Leu , Ile , Phe , Tyr , Trp , Lys ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Residues of Phe , Tyr and Trp in the complexes of their oligonucleotide amidates and polynucleotides of A U of G C nucleotide composition are most likely localized in the minor groove of the Watson Crick part of the triple helix where they interact with bases but do not intercalate into the helix . ^^^ The effect of the residues of aromatic amino acids on the stability of triple helices is determined by the nucleotide composition of the latter , i . e . complexes of A U composition are destabilized with the Phe , Tyr and Trp residues , whereas the Trp residue does not affect the stability of the complexes of G C composition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On feeding a glucose diet , dietary cholesterol caused decreases in Trp , Thr and Tyr and increase in Pro and Met . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Accordingly , we have determined the positions of all hydrophobic residues by sequencing two k type light ( L ) chain precursors that were labeled with : [ 3H ] Ala , [ 3H ] Val , [ 3H ] Leu , [ 3H ] Ile , [ 3H ] Thr , [ 3H ] Pro , [ 3H ] Phe , [ 3H ] Tyr , [ 3H ] Trp , [ 35S ] Met , and [ 35S ] Cys . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Among the two Trp and the unique Tyr present in the amino acid sequence of the neurotoxin of Naja naja philippinensis , only one Trp is reactive in intermolecular charge transfer experiments , using organic electron acceptors . ^^^ In the reference toxin alpha of Naja nigricollis , neither the single Trp nor the Tyr , both invariant and essential for lethality , are available for charge transfer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NAs of aromatic amino acids ( Phe , Tyr , Trp ) are hydrolyzed predominantly by an enzyme showing maximum activity in uterine epithelium and in walls of blood vessels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Singlet singlet resonance energy transfer between Tyr in position 4 and Trp in position 1 was evaluated for a calculation of the intramolecular distance between these two residues on the basis of the Frster equation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The amino acid composition of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltrasferase is 17 Lys , 5 His , 12 Arg , 0 Trp , 31 Asx , 12 Thr , 14 Ser , 16 Glx , 14 Pro , 19 Gly , 12 Ala , 5 Cys , 18 Val , 5 Met , 11 Ile , 20 Leu , 10 Tyr , and 9 Phe . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The presence of both apolar ( Trp , Tyr and Lys ( deprotonated ) ) and polar ( Arg and Lys ( protonated ) ) residues at the steroid binding site fits in well with the site relative apolarity , when expressed on the Kosower scale ( Kosower , E . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The purified zymogen showed a specific activity of 1 , 460 NH units / mg of protein , a molecular weight of 65 , 000 as determined by SDS polyacrylamide disc gel electroesis , E 1 . 0 mg / ml 1 . 0 cm , 280 nm = 1 . 45 at pH 7 . 0 and the following amino acid composition : Asx 51 , Thr 38 , Glx 62 , Pro 23 , Gly 44 , Ala 25 , Half Cys 30 , Val 35 , Met 3 , Ile 30 , Leu 32 , Tyr 19 , Phe 22 , Lys 36 , His 8 , Arg 28 , and Trp 13 , which accounts for a minimum molecular weight of 59 , 370 ( carbohydrates not computed ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There were alterations in the nine amino acid residues , Lys , His , Arg , Asp , Glu , Pro , 1 / 2 Cys , Tyr and Trp . ^^^ In addition , RKN lysozyme contained decreased numbers of Trp , Tyr and 1 / 2 Cys , and increased numbers of proline residues as found in HEW lysozyme . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This analysis indicates that hen lysozyme and papain are inactivated by photolysis of an essential Trp residue , that bovine trypsin is inactivated by photolysis of a Trp residue adjacent to the key catalytic Ser and other pathways initiated by excitation of Tyr and Cys , that the efficient photoionization of Tyr and RNase A is not an important inactivating reaction , and that aromatic residues in subtilisn Carlsberg are photosensitive . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The contacts between bulky hydrophobic side chains ( Val , Leu , Ile , Met , Phe , Tyr , and Trp ) were studied in five globins with known three dimensional structures . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human liver alanine aminopeptidase is inhibited by L amino acids having hydrophobic side chains such as Phe , Tyr , Trp , Met , and Leu . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is found that the aminoacyl tRNA synthetases ( EC 6 . 1 . 1 . ) with specificity for Arg , Asn , Ile , Leu , Met , Phe , Thr , Trp , and Val attach the amino acid to the 2 ' position ; those with specificity for Gly , His , Lys , and Ser attach the amino acid to the 3 ' position ; and that Tyr and Cys can be enzymatically attached to both the 2 ' and 3 ' positions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We evaluated the effect of intravenous ( i . v . ) glucose on the plasma tryptophan ( TRP ) and tyrosine ( TYR ) concentration of 12 normal subjects , six patients with carcinoid tumors and the carcinoid syndrome ( carcinoid syndrome ) , and five patients with carcinoid tumors without the carcinoid syndrome ( tumor . ) Following i . v . glucose administration , the plasma Trp concentration of the normal subjects and the tumor patients incresed , while the plasma Trp concentration of the carcinoid syndrome patients decreased . ^^^ The response to i . v . insulin differed in some respects from the response to i . v . glucose : the plasma Trp of normal subjects did not change while the plasma Trp of carcinoid syndrome patients decreased ; the plasma Tyr of the normal subjects increased while the plasma Tyr concentration of the carcinoid syndrome patients did not change . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Semi chronic exposure of ICR male Mice to Aflatoxin B 1 ( AFB 1 ) in non toxic doses decreased brain serotonin ( 5 hydroxytryptamine , 5 HT ) , 5 hydroxyindole 3 acetic acid ( 5 HIAA ) and catecholamines without altering tryptophan ( TRP ) or tyrosine ( TYR ) levels . ^^^ The TRP load caused a further reduction in brain catecholamines without altering TYR levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The binding of di and tetranucleotides with tri and tetrapeptides containing Tyr , Trp , Phe having lysine on both ends has been studied using a 500 MHz proton NMR . ^^^ On comparing the results obtained with three different peptides , it is found that interaction decreases in the order Trp > Tyr > Phe which is similar to that found by theoretical energy calculations ( reported elsewhere ) and fluorescence measurements . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ratio of plasma Trp to the sum of Leu , Val , Ile , Phe , Met and Tyr is increased in the Li treated rats but not significantly . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A retention order of Gly < Ala < Cys < Val < Met < Pro < Ile < Leu < Tyr < Phe < Trp is seen at room temperature . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Replacement of Tyr 26 with Phe or Trp gave rise to mutant receptors that were internalized at 10 % the wild type rate , while receptors with Ala , Leu , Ile , Val , or Asn at this position were totally inactive . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , the substitution of the C terminal Phe of peptide alpha 2 F with Arg , Trp , and Tyr ( but not Ala or Asp ) did not appreciably affect the Gi activating potency . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to assign the observed cross peaks , a selective 15N labeling of amino acid residues ( Tyr , Phe , Trp , Lys , Gly , Leu , Val or Ile ) was carried out and 1H 15N NMR spectra of bacteriorhodopsin and its fragments C 1 ( residues ( 72 231 ) , C 2 ( residues 1 71 ) , B 1 ( residues 1 155 ) and BP 2 ( residues 163 231 ) were investigated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two experiments were conducted to determine whether supplementation of 5 g of tryptophan ( TRP ) or 10 g of tyrosine ( TYR ) per kilogram of a 14 % CP diet would alter the response of pigs to stress as measured by hypothalamic neurotransmitter concentrations and incidence of PSE . ^^^ Twenty four ( Exp . 1 ) and 36 ( Exp . 2 ) 92 kg pigs were offered one of three diets : control , TRP , or TYR supplemented for 5 d before slaughter . ^^^ Dietary TRP or TYR supplementation in Exp . 1 . doubled ( P less than . 05 ) plasma TRP and TYR concentrations , respectively , and increased ( P less than . 05 ) 5 hydroxytryptamine , dihydroxyphenyl ethylamine , dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid , and homovanillic acid concentrations in the hypothalamus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ligand effects on Tm values from DSC were similar to those from spectral measurements of Trp and Tyr exposures in two subunit domains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The plasma ratio of each neutral amino acid ( tryptophan ( TRP ) , tyrosine ( TYR ) , valine , isoleucine , leucine ( LEU ) or phenylalanine ) to the sum of the other neutral amino acids was measured in 16 manic and 14 depressed patients . ^^^ These results suggest that , in manic depressive illness , there might be abnormalities in the metabolism of neutral amino acids , mainly of TRP and TYR , and that the plasma TRP and TYR ratios might be important indicators for determining the efficacy of some drugs . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A comparison of the NMR derived models for CTP 3 interacting with TE 32 and TE 33 with the previously derived model for TE 34 reveals a relationship between amino acid sequence and combining site structure and function . ( a ) The three aromatic residues that interact with the peptide in TE 32 and TE 33 complexes , Tyr 32L , Tyr 32H , and Trp 50H , are invariant in all light chains sharing at least 65 % identity with TE 33 and TE 32 and in all heavy chains sharing at least 75 % identity with TE 33 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since Tyr and Trp are normally absent , spectral properties could be unambiguously assigned to the site of substitution . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The first was an aromatic residue ( Tyr , Phe , or Trp ) at the NH 2 terminus of the peptide sequences , and the second was located three residues downstream and consisted of Met or Leu . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The in vitro `` immune response ' ' to the hapten NIP was dominated by the 9 1 segment ( VH 3 family ) , and that to phOx by the VH 26 segment ( VH 3 family ) with an invariant aromatic residue ( Tyr , Phe , Trp ) at residue 97 of CDR 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Utilizing the hydrophobic driven process of the inverse temperature transition exhibited by these polypentapeptides in aqueous solution , the relative hydrophobicities of Phe , Trp , and Tyr residues are determined by the critical temperature and heat of the transition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Alkylation of tryptophan occurred during the synthesis of a 19 amino acid peptide of the following sequence : Tyr Ala Ala Gln Asn Arg Arg Gly Leu Asp Leu Leu Phe Trp Glu Gln Gly Gly Leu . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The amino acid residue Val 104 in subtilisin 309 has been replaced by Ala , Arg , Asp , Phe , Ser , Trp and Tyr by site directed mutagenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The fragment encodes five tRNAs ( tRNA ( met 1 ) , anticodon complementary to AUG ; tRNA ( met 2 ) , AUG ; tRNA ( thr ) , ACA ; tRNA ( tyr ) , UAC ; tRNA ( trp ) , UGG ) , the transcription termination antitermination factor nusG , the four 50 S subunit ribosomal proteins L 11 , L 1 , L 10 , and L 12 , and the amino terminal portion of the RNA polymerase beta subunit protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Dipolar contacts between the Trp 2 and Tyr 46 in Pf Fd and from an invariant phenylalanine to an invariant valine and a cluster cysteine in both Fd confirm a folding pattern for these proteins that is very similar to that of the crystallographically characterized ferredoxin from the mesophile Desulfovibro gigas . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mode of action of tachyplesin 1 , an antimicrobial cationic heptadecapeptide amide isolated from the hemocyte debris of a horseshoe crab , Tachypleus tridentatus , toward lipid matrices was studied with synthetic tachyplesin 1 , its analogs with Phe in place of Trp or Tyr , a linear analog with no disulfide bonds , and two linear short fragments . ^^^ Spectrophotometric titration of the peptides with laurylphosphorylcholine revealed that both Trp and Tyr residues orient toward the inside of lipid matrices , suggesting that they are on the same side of the peptide backbone . ^^^ The energy transfer experiment showed that a conformational change occurred such that the Tyr and Trp residues are positioned more closely to each other in acidic liposomes than in buffer solution . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 1H NMR spectrum of the catalytic subunit of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamoylase ( EC 2 . 1 . 3 . 2 ) was simplified by using strains auxotrophic for the aromatic amino acids and a growth medium containing fully deuterated Trp , Phe , and His and partially deuterated Tyr . 1H resonances for Tyr in the catalytic trimer ( M ( r ) = 10 ( 5 ) ) were partially resolved into five peaks at 27 degrees C , which above 50 degrees C were further resolved to give a distinct resonance for each of the eight Tyr residues in the polypeptide chain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Amino acid analysis revealed a lower content of the aromatic residues Phe , Tyr and Trp and higher level of Ser residue than in the rabbit muscle enzyme . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is also found that the relative Raman signal intensities of Tyr , Phe , and Trp residues in purified crystallins correlate very well with the data obtained from amino acid analysis . ^^^ Especially noteworthy is the demonstrated usefulness of applying Raman techniques in the detection of the microenvironments of the aromatic amino acids such as Tyr and Trp in the native crystallins , which may prove useful in the study of contribution of these aromatic residues to crystallin packing and stability . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Role of Tyr and Trp in membrane responses of Pyrularia thionin determined by optical and NMR spectra following Tyr iodination and Trp modification . ^^^ Pyrularia thionin is a strongly basic and bioactive 47 amino acid peptide which contains two Tyr residues at positions 13 and 45 and one Trp at position 8 . ^^^ This treatment did not significantly modify the Tyr 13 or Trp 8 located in the NH 2 terminal fragment . ^^^ More extensive iodination resulted in a disappearance of Trp 8 absorbance with an accompanying conversion of Tyr 13 to the monoiodo form . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Replacement of Phe 43 with Ala or Ile reduces affinity for gp 120 by more than 500 fold ; Tyr , Trp , and Leu substitutions have smaller effects . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Difference spectroscopy led to the conclusion that , in the metal free protein , the structure around the aromatic residues is well organized , but that Tyr and Trp residues are still solvent exposed . ^^^ Upon Ca2+ binding Tyr and Trp spectra are blue shifted , but some Trp residues are confined to a positively charged pocket . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The proton resonances of the Phe , Tyr , and Trp residues of the enzyme in the ternary enzyme La ( 3+ ) dTdA complex were sequence specifically assigned by 2D phase sensitive NOESY , with and without deuteration of the aromatic protons of the Tyr residues , and by 2D heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation ( HMQC ) spectroscopy and 3D NOESY HMQC spectroscopy with 15N labeling . ^^^ While resonances of most Phe , Tyr and Trp residues were unshifted by the substrate dTdA from those found in the enzyme La ( 3+ ) 3 ' , 5 ' pdTp complex and the enzyme Ca ( 2+ ) 3 ' , 5 ' pdTp complex , proton resonances of Tyr 85 , Tyr 113 , Tyr 115 , and Phe 34 were shifted by 0 . 08 to 0 . 33 ppm and the 15N resonance of Tyr 113 was shifted by 2 . 1 ppm by the presence of substrate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Most , but not all , amino acids can convert nitrite into nitrogen gas ; Pro can be converted into non mutagenic nitrosoproline , CySH to S nitrosocysteine , Trp to weakly mutagenic nitrosotryptophan and Tyr to non mutagenic diazotyrosine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Synergism between the Trp repressor and Tyr repressor in repression of the aroL promoter of Escherichia coli K 12 . ^^^ The expression of aroL was repressed 6 . 9 fold by the Tyr repressor alone and 29 fold when both Tyr and Trp repressors were present . ^^^ The Trp repressor had no effect on expression from the aroL promoter in the absence of the Tyr repressor . ^^^ Possible mechanisms for Trp repressor mediated repression , including cooperative interactions with the Tyr repressor , are discussed . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The experimental results shown by various damages of the main chain and side chain of lysozyme are as follows : ( 1 ) Phe and Cys are also damaged by photosensitization of YHPD , except for Trp , Tyr , Met , 1 / 2Cys and His ; ( 2 ) the order of the photosensitized sensitivity of various groups of these amino acids have been described ; ( 3 ) Trp and Tyr buried in the three dimensional structure of the protein are damaged very greatly , and ( 4 ) the main chain conformation of the protein has changed considerably , such as a decrease in orderly structure ( alpha helix , beta sheet and beta turn ) and a simultaneous increase in random . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Extractions of Asp , Glu , Ser , Asn , Gly , Gln , Tau , His , Cit , Thr , Pro , Tyr , Val , cystine , Ile , Leu , Trp , Orn , and Lys also were correlated with arteriovenous differences of Met . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In support of this , solvent perturbation difference spectroscopy showed that in 8 M urea the Trp and Tyr residues in barnase are more accessible to perturbation by dimethyl sulfoxide than in ribonuclease T 1 with the disulfide bonds broken . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The peptide is synthesized in intrinsic cells of the corpus cardiacum as shown by in vitro incorporation of [ 3H ] Trp and [ 14C ] Tyr in Mem CC . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is also found that the relative Raman signal intensities of Tyr , Phe , Trp and Met residues in purified toxins correlate very well with the structural data obtained from amino acid analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The rank order of entropy loss for the series of natural apolar side chains under consideration is Ala less than Leu less than Trp less than Met less than Phe less than Ile less than Tyr less than Val . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since this protein is naturally devoid of Tyr and Trp , spectral features can be assigned unambiguously to the single Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have mutated Cys 102 to Trp , Ser , Tyr , and Phe and have investigated the altered enzymes in terms of their enzymatic activities and EPR properties . ^^^ The temperature dependencies , microwave power dependencies , and spin quantitations of these species are consistent with the Trp 102 , Ser 102 , Phe 102 , and Tyr 102 mutations causing conversion of one of the [ 4Fe 4S ] clusters present in the wild type enzyme into [ 3Fe 4S ] clusters in the mutant enzymes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 1H NMR spectrum of labeled CRP [ Trp ( ring d 5 ) , Phe ( ring d 5 ) , and Tyr ( 3 , 5 d 2 ) ] showed good resolution in the aromatic region . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyr to Trp energy transfer at the singlet level is found for both UP 1 and A 1 proteins . ^^^ Single stranded polynucleotide binding induces a quenching of their intrinsic fluorescence emission , which can be attributed to a significant reduction ( greater than 50 % ) of the Tyr contribution , while Trp emission is only quenched by approximately 15 % . ^^^ Tyrosine quenching effects of similar magnitude are seen upon polynucleotide binding by either UP 1 ( 1 Trp , 4 Tyr ) or A 1 ( 1 Trp , 12 Tyr ) , strongly suggesting that Tyr residues in both the N terminal and C terminal domain of A 1 are involved in the binding process . ^^^ While the UP 1 Tyr phosphorescence lifetime is drastically shortened in the polynucleotide complex , no change of phosphorescence emission maximum , phosphorescence decay lifetime or ODMR transition frequencies were observed for the single Trp residue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Intermediate pituitaries of the reptile , Anolis carolinensis , were separately pulse labeled with [ 3H ] Trp and [ 3H ] Tyr . ^^^ Tryptic peptide analysis indicated that the [ 3H ] Trp labeled C terminal fragment of Anolis alpha MSH had the same retention time as mammalian ACTH ( 9 13 ) amide ; however , the [ 3H ] Tyr labeled N terminal fragment did not coelute with either mammalian ACTH ( 1 8 ) or N acetyl ACTH ( 1 8 ) . ^^^ The major form of Anolis alpha MSH is nonacetylated and has the following novel primary sequence : Ser Tyr Ala Met Glu His Phe Arg Trp Gly Lys Pro ( Val amide ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These properties are as follows : increased content of certain residues ( Gly , Pro , Phe , Arg , Tyr , Met and Trp ) as well as an increased rate of occurrence of certain pairs of residue as compared with proteins , a random sequence of residues and `` nonregulatory ' ' peptides . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The t 1 and t 2 values from deconvolutions of DSC data agree with t0 . 5 values previously calculated from spectral measurements of temperature induced exposures of approximately 0 . 7 of 2 Trp and approximately 2 of 17 Tyr per subunit , respectively [ Shrake et al . ( 1989 ) Biochemistry 28 , 6281 6294 ] , over a 14 degrees C temperature range using both stabilizing and destabilizing conditions for Mn . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of partially purified preparations of the enzyme has revealed three isoenzymes : DAHP synthase Tyr , DAHP synthase Trp and DAHP synthase Phe , each of them being regulated by a corresponding amino acid . ^^^ DAHP synthase Tyr and DAHP synthase Trp are minor isoenzymes ( sharing 15 % of enzyme activity each ) and are controlled by tyrosine and tryptophane correspondingly . 50 % of inhibition of activity is possible by adding 0 . 7 and 0 . 8 mkM of corresponding amino acid . ^^^ Regulation of the enzyme synthesis was studied in the Trp , Phe and Tyr mutants . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The drug sensitivity system was confirmed by showing that mutations in the HIV reverse transcriptase gene from a ZDV resistant isolate resulted in four amino acid changes ( Leu 125 Trp , Ile 142 Val , Thr 215 Tyr , and Pro 294 Thr ) including one change ( Thr 215 Tyr ) that has been previously reported to be associated with resistance . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When P 2 ' is Pro , Phe is preferred over Tyr and Trp in P 3 ' . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , the three tryptophan exchanges at the position alpha 8 resulted in either the absence of a core complex ( alpha Trp 8 Leu ) , the absence of the core antenna ( alpha Trp 8 Ala ) or a reduction in the carotenoid content ( alpha Trp 8 Tyr ) . ^^^ The strongest blue shift of the bacteriochlorophyll a ( 8 11 nm ) was induced by substitutions of the Trp at position alpha 43 ( alpha Trp 43 Ala , Leu or Tyr ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Some Trp and Tyr sidechains are located in hydrophobic environments and some NHs of mainchain amides and Trp indoles are not easily reached by solvent water , suggesting the presence of folded structures constructed of the beta and irregular parts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The influence of different amino acid residues in the P 2 position was investigated through the coupling between Z Xyz Phe OH ( where Xyz = Ala , Phe , Trp and Tyr ) and Phe OMe . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The molar extinction coefficient of native glutaredoxin ( 12 , 500 M 1 cm 1 at 280 nm ) was 15 % higher than expected from its content of one Trp and four Tyr residues . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
With previously determined mode assignments , it is shown that the Trp and Tyr residues of the globin moiety are influenced by the charge spatial distribution . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The relative overall alkylating potency was 23 : 10 : 5 : 4 : 2 : 1 : for Trp , Met , His , Tyr , Phe and Gly , respectively . ^^^ The homo dipeptides were much more potent than the amino acids , with relative potencies of 400 : 110 : 100 : 8 : 3 : 1 , for Trp Trp , Tyr Tyr , Met Met , Asp Asp , Phe Phe and Gly , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two adjacent TYR R boxes , with the downstream one overlapping the tyrP promoter , are the likely targets for the action of TyrR protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Importance of the position of TYR R boxes for repression and activation of the tyrP and aroF genes in Escherichia coli . ^^^ Tyrosine mediated repression of aroF and tyrP was studied by inserting DNA sequences between the two adjacent TYR R boxes which , in each case , overlap the respective RNA polymerase binding sites of these genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Specifically , the pentapeptide sequence of [ Trp 3 ] beta CM 5 , H Tyr Pro Trp Pro Gly OH ( 1 ) was modified at Pro 2 and Pro 4 by D Pro substitutions to provide two diastereometric analogs , [ Trp 3 D Pro 4 ] beta CM 5 ( 2 ) and [ D Pro 2 , 4 , Trp 3 ] beta CM 5 ( 3 ) . ^^^ Fluorescence energy transfer ( FET ) experiments of compounds 1 3 provided the intramolecular distances ( r ) between their Tyr ( donor ) to Trp ( acceptor ) side chains , by the Frster method , and were as follows : [ Trp 3 ] beta CM 5 , r = 10 . 6 A ; [ Trp 3 , D Pro 4 ] beta CM 5 , r = 9 . 6 A ; and [ D Pro 2 , 4 , Trp 3 ] beta CM 5 , r = 11 . 0 A . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of mtr was repressed 97 fold by tryptophan via the Trp repressor and induced 10 fold by phenylalanine or tyrosine via the Tyr repressor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Acute treatment with either LPS or flunixin decreases the CNS TRP / TYR ratio ; pretreatment with AFB 1 prevents those changes in the CNS TRP / TYR ratio . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutated SSIs which have a polar ( Ser , Thr , Gln , Asn ) , basic ( Lys , Arg ) , or aromatic amino acid ( Tyr , Phe , Trp , His ) , or Ala or Leu , at the P 1 site showed almost the same strong inhibitory activity toward subtilisin as the wild type ( Met ) SSI . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that a surprising degree of amino acid diversity is tolerable at Ak alpha position 69 : even charged ( Glu , Arg ) or bulky ( Trp , Tyr ) residues can be accommodated without abrogating cell surface expression of Ak , peptide binding to it , or T cell recognition of it . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , fluorescence and energy transfer data suggested that Zn2+ binding modifies the Trp 35 environment but not its solvent exposure , and increases the average distance between Tyr 28 and Trp 35 by about 2 A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Under these exceptionally mild conditions 2 chlorotrityl cations generated during the cleavage of amino acids and peptides from resin do not attack the nucleophilic side chains of Trp , Met , and Tyr . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , we propose that ideal substrates for human heart chymase should contain the structure nXaa Pro [ Phe , Tyr , or Trp ] Yaa Yaa , where n greater than or equal to 6 ; Xaa = any amino acid ; Yaa = any amino acid except proline . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Binding of double stranded calf thymus DNA brings about a moderate quenching of the Tyr and Trp fluorescence emission of both the 31 kDa fragment and beta polymerase and induces a 6 nm blue shift in the Trp emission maximum of the intact enzyme , but not in the fragment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using site specifically mutated forms of the protein in which tyrosine ( Tyr ) and phenylalanine ( Phe ) substitute for the Trp residues at positions 32 and 220 , we have examined whether wild type ( Wtyp ) intensity decay components may be assigned to specific Trp residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In particular , HSmT exhibits mainly : 1 ) a lower Asx / Glx ratio ; 2 ) a reduction of about 50 % in Cys residues ; 3 ) a decrease of Tyr and Trp residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bovine chymotrypsin A alpha ( Tyr , Pro , Trp ) , porcine pancreatic elastase ( Leu / Ala , Arg , Ala ) , subtilisin Carlsberg ( Cys , Pro , Glu ) , Streptomyces griseus proteinase A ( Cys , Pro , Leu ) and B ( Cys , Pro , Lys ) and human leukocyte elastase ( Ile , Asp , Ile ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The protein was designed to have four helices : a Trp containing short hydrophobic helix in the middle surrounded by three Tyr containing long basic amphiphilic helices . ^^^ Dye binding studies and fluorescence energy transfer experiments showed that SGP possesses a hydrophobic binding site and its Trp of the central helix is present at a relatively hydrophobic region and accepts the energy from Tyr ( s ) in other amphiphilic helices , indicating that SGP takes a stable globular like structure in aqueous solution . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reconstitution of R 2 protein Y122F , lacking the internal pathway involving Tyr 122 , earlier identified two radical intermediates at Trp 107 and Trp 111 in the vicinity of the di iron site , suggesting a novel internal transfer pathway ( Sahlin , M . , Lassmann , G . , Ptsch , S . , Sjberg , B . ^^^ Rapid freeze quench kinetics of EPR visible intermediates reveal a preferred radical transfer pathway via Trp 111 , Glu 204 , and Fe 2 , followed by a proton coupled electron transfer through the pi interaction of the aromatic rings of Trp ( Tyr ) 107 and Trp 111 . ^^^ The kinetic pattern observed in W107Y / Y122F is considerably changed as compared with Y122F : the Trp 111 ( . ) EPR signal has vanished , and the Tyr 107 ( . ) has the same formation rate as does Trp 111 ( . ) in Y122F . ^^^ According to the proposed consecutive reaction , Trp 111 ( . ) becomes very short lived and is no longer detectable because of the faster formation of Tyr 107 ( . ) . ^^^ We conclude that the phenyl rings of Trp 111 and Tyr 107 form a better stacking complex so that the proton coupled electron transfer is facilitated compared with the single mutant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The modification of functional groups ( NH 2 , SH , S S , > C = O , Tyr and Trp ) in OVA was monitored as well as their accessibility to promote aggregation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Further analysis of peptide binding to HLA B * 5102 and B * 5103 molecules showed that a single amino acid substitution of Tyr for His at residue 171 ( B * 5102 ) and that of Gly for Trp at residue 167 ( B * 5103 ) has a minimum effect in HLA B 51 peptide binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The concentrations of serum homovanillic acid ( HVA ) , norepinephrine ( NE ) , tyrosine ( Tyr ) , phenylalanine ( Phe ) and tryptophan ( Trp ) , and the activities of serum dopamine beta hydroxylase ( DBH ) , platelet monoamine oxidase ( MAO ) , and erythrocyte catechol O methyl transferase ( COMT ) were measured in 68 healthy parents who had schizophrenic offspring . ^^^ The results show a significant correlation between the parents of schizophrenic patients in serum HVA ( r=0 . 38 , n=34 , p < 0 . 05 ) , NE ( r=0 . 40 , n=33 , p < 0 . 02 ) , Phe ( r=0 . 44 , n=34 , p < 0 . 0l ) , Tyr ( r=0 . 43 , n = 34 , p < 0 . 02 ) and DBH activity ( r=0 . 51 , n = 30 , p < 0 . 005 ) , but do not show a significant correlation in erythrocyte COMT ( r=0 . 01 , n=27 ) , platelet MAO ( r=0 . 04 , n=23 ) or serum Trp ( r=0 . 10 , n=34 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Methionine , TSAA , Lys , Thr , Tyr , Trp , and Arg were evaluated and R 2 values calculated for each prediction method . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The N terminal sequence of the proteinase is : Ser Val Leu Gly Thr Asp Glu Arg Thr Arg Val Thr Asn Thr Thr Thr Tyr Pro Tyr Trp . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Each of the five codons for tryptophan ( Trp ) in the chb 1 gene was replaced by those for leucine ( Leu ) or tyrosine ( Tyr ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The conserved Trp residue within helix 5 of the N lobe of human serum transferrin ( hTF / 2N , 40 kDa ) has been mutated to Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Peptides 1 12 have the following substituents at position three in ( A ) : ( 1 ) Pro ; ( 2 ) Oic ; ( 3 ) Atc ; ( 4 ) D Atc ; ( 6 ) D Phe ; ( 7 ) Ile ; ( 8 ) Leu ; ( 9 ) Tyr ; ( 10 ) Trp ; ( 11 ) Hphe ; ( 12 ) [ HO ] Tic ; Peptide ( 13 ) is the Tyr NH 2 ( 9 ) analogue of ( B ) : Peptide ( 14 ) is the D Cys ( 6 ) analogue of ( B ) . ^^^ Furthermore , the surprising retention of V 2 antagonism exhibited by the Pro 3 , Oic 3 , Tyr 3 , Trp 3 and Hphe 3 analogues of ( A ) , together with the excellent retention of V 2 antagonism by the Tyr NH 2 ( 9 ) and D Cys 6 analogues of ( B ) are promising new leads to the design of potent and possibly orally active V 2 antagonists for use as pharmacological tools and / or as radioiodinatable ligands and for development as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of the hyponatremia caused by the syndrome of the inappropriate secretion of the antidiuretic hormone ( SIADH ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ratios are calculated for Asn , Asp , Gly , Phe , Pro , Trp , Tyr , and Val , mostly found on the extracellular side , and for Ala , Arg , Cys , and Lys , mostly occurring on the intracellular side . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In all four species , this region contains the ND 1 and ND 2 genes and the genes coding eight tRNAs , namely , tRNA Ile , Gln , Met , Trp , Ala , Asn , Cys , and Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The light chain of a murine monoclonal anti 17alpha hydroxy progesterone Fab fragment ( IgG2b , kappa ) was selectively labeled with 13C at carbonyl groups of Ala , Arg , Cys , Ile , Lys , Met , Phe , Trp , or Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Another peptide containing a Trp substitution at position 10 was used as an acceptor for the intrinsic Tyr fluorescence of wild type Abeta ( 1 40 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , Trp 22 was mutated to Phe or to Tyr to compare thermodynamic stabilities of urea induced unfolding of alpha 16 and mutants thereof . alpha 16 was chosen for this study instead of alpha 17 , because alpha 16 has two tryptophans , allowing urea induced unfolding to be tracked by the fluorescence of the Trp remaining in each mutant peptide and by circular dichroism in the far UV . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore peptides containing a Tyr in the central portion of the molecule were able to form a stable peroxynitrite dependent g = 2 . 004 signal , whereas peptides in which Tyr was substituted with Gly , Trp or Phe and peptides with Tyr at the N terminus or near the C terminus did not form radicals that were stable at 37 degrees C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Preformed building blocks Fmoc Xaa NH Np ( Xaa = Cit , Cys , Gln , His , Lys , Orn , Ser , Thr , Tyr , Trp ) can be attached via side chain to the 2 chlorotritylchloride linker of the resin . ^^^ We synthesised a set of tetrapeptide 4 nitroanilides with the general structure Suc Ala Phe Pro Xaa NH Np ( Xaa = Asp , Cit , Cys , Glu , Gln , His , Lys , Orn , Ser , Thr , Tyr , Trp ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The postprandial period of suppression of protein intake correlated with the disappearance of some amino acids , e . g . , Arg , Tyr , and Trp , in the blood , and this may be of importance for protein ingestion , since these amino acids are neurotransmitter precursors . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , DR 1 varying only at position beta 85 differ in their binding of substituted peptides containing Ala , Tyr or Trp at the P 1 anchor position . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aromatic and sulfur containing side chains Trp , Tyr , Phe , Cys , and Met contribute to the CD spectra of peptides and proteins in the amide region , interfering with the analysis for secondary structure . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A comparative kinetic characterization of the peptide aldehydes Ac Leu Leu 10 H [ 10 = Trp , Tyr and Tyr ( tBu ) ] and Z Gly Pro Gly Gly Leu Leu Nle H as inhibitors of the chymotryptic activity of 20S proteasomes from the archaebacterium T . acidophilum and yeast S . cerevisiae revealed significantly differentiated inhibitory potencies that can be rationalized on the basis of 10 ray crystallographic data . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our analysis shows that certain combinations of 10 Pro pairs ( Asn , Cys , His , Phe , Tyr , Trp , Ile , Val and Leu ) , in which residue 10 is the C cap and the Pro is at position C ' , are more abundant than expected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phenyl deuterated tyrosine ( Tyr d 4 ) and indole deuterated tryptophan ( Trp d 5 ) have been selectively incorporated into hemoglobin ( Hb ) by expressing the gene in auxotrophic strains of Escherichia coli . ^^^ All the UVRR bands between 800 and 1700 cm 1 are assigned to either Tyr or Trp except for the 1511 cm 1 band , which had been thought to arise from the Trp 2 10 W 18 overtone . ^^^ This band does not shift upon Trp or Tyr labeling but does shift 5 cm 1 in D2O , suggesting assignment to a histidine ( His ) residue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The fluorescence of the enzyme Tyr and Trp residues was modified as a result of oxidative damage . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Other residues such as the negatively changed aspartates and glutamates ( loop D ) , Thr or Tyr ( loop E ) , and Trp ( loop F ) from non alpha subunits were also found to form the complementary component of the agonist / competitive antagonist binding sites . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ultraviolet resonance Raman ( UVRR ) spectra of H2O and D2O solutions of the nucleoside ( dA , dG , dC , dT ) and aromatic amino acid ( Phe , Trp , Tyr ) constituents of DNA viruses have been obtained with laser excitation wavelengths of 257 , 244 , 238 , and 229 nm . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , the 229 nm Raman spectra are dominated by the Tyr and Trp Raman bands , which are analyzed to examine changes in Tyr and Trp environments , such as exposure to water , hydrogen bonding , and , for Trp , any alterations of the dihedral angle between the Trp ring and its linkage to the protein backbone . ^^^ We uniquely determined which Mb alpha helices melt by combining the amide , Tyr , and Trp Raman spectral information with heme absorption spectral information . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The quenching effect is markedly distance dependent , as it only influences the Trp residue of the bound peptide ( < =7 A ) but has little effect on the two Tyr residues in the C terminal domain of CaM ( > =10 A ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the case of Cys , Leu , Asn , Gln , or Arg nsP 4 , revertants that were indistinguishable in plaque phenotype from the wild type virus arose by same site reversion to Tyr , Trp , Phe , or His by a single nucleotide substitution in the original mutant codon . ^^^ Our results indicate that only nsP4s bearing N terminal Tyr , Phe , Trp , or His have wild type or near wild type activity for RNA replication and that rapid degradation of nsP 4 is not a prerequisite for its function . nsP4s bearing other N terminal residues , with the exception of Met nsP 4 , have only very low or negligible activity , so that no detectable infectious virus can be produced . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This and the results of second derivative UV spectroscopy of Tyr suggested that segments including Tyr 13 and Trp 25 are involved in the discoidal complex formation and that the orientation of glucagon is not normal to the bilayer surface . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to modify the catalytic properties of trypsin , lysine 188 ( S 1 ) of the substrate binding pocket was substituted by an aromatic amino acid residue ( Phe , Tyr , Trp ) or by a histidyl residue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The role of Trp 135 and Tyr 108 in the combining site of Erythrina corallodendron lectin ( ECorL ) was investigated by physicochemical characterization of mutants obtained by site directed mutagenesis , hemagglutination inhibition studies , and molecular modeling , including dynamics simulations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Four variants of human beta globin in which the Trp at position 37 has been replaced with a Tyr , Ala , Gly , or Glu have been expressed in Escherichia coli . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These alterations from wild type function are dependent on the particular side chain substituted , with the magnitude of change increasing as Trp is substituted by Tyr , Ala , Gly , and Glu . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There are also significant differences between the three aromatic amino acids with Tyr exhibiting a noticeably higher propensity than Phe or Trp to precede a cis proline residue . ^^^ In order to study the role that local interactions play in these conformation preferences , a set of tetrapeptides of the general sequence acetyl Gly 10 Pro Gly carboxamide ( GXPG ) , where 10 = Tyr , Phe , Trp , Ala , or cyclohexyl alanine , were synthesized and studied by nmr . ^^^ The distribution of rotamers and the effect of an aromatic residue on the cis trans equilibrium indicate that the preferred conformation is populated to approximately 62 % for the Phe containing peptide , 67 % for the Tyr containing peptide , and between 75 and 80 % for the Trp containing peptide . ^^^ These local interactions favor an aromatic residue immediately preceding a cis proline , but they can not explain the relative propensities for Phe Pro , Tyr Pro , and Trp Pro cis peptide bonds observed in the native state of proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The photolysates evidenced that His , Tyr , and Trp are the reactive sites of the protein . ^^^ The experimental results strongly suggest that formal hydrogen abstraction from the OH or NH groups of Tyr or Trp by the excited drug is the key photochemical process . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyr and Trp fluorescence dynamics demonstrated that apo ACBP was an ellipsoidal protein ( axes of 15 and 9 A ) whose conformation was altered by oleoyl CoA in the holo ACBP as shown by a 2 A decrease of ACBP hydrodynamic diameter and increased Trp segmental motions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The values of the inhibition constants , Ki , were the following : Ac R R K W Q K T G H A 5 R A 1 G R L CONH 2 ( Trp peptide ) , 8 . 6 ( + / 1 . 4 sd ) pM ; Y 4 analogue of Trp peptide ( Tyr peptide ) , 7 . 3 ( + / 0 . 1 ) nM ; and A R R K W Q K T G H A 5 R A 1 G R L S S ( RS 20 like peptide ) , 0 . 11 0 . 39 nM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Trp H 50 , H 95 and L 96 and Tyr L 32 , L 49 and Phe L91 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thrombin ( 60D ) consists of the replacement of the beta insertion loop ( 14 amino acid residues from 59 to 63 , including a 9 residue insertion at position 60 ) with the corresponding four residues in trypsin , Tyr Lys Ser Gly ; thrombin ( GGG ) is a smaller loop mutation in which the residues Tyr ( 60A ) Pro ( 60B ) Pro ( 60C ) Trp ( 60D ) Asp ( 60E ) Lys ( 60F ) of the beta insertion loop were replaced by Gly Gly Gly ; thrombin ( 96S ) consists of a point mutation Trp 96 > Ser ; and thrombin ( GGG / 96S ) is the double mutant incorporating both changes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
From results on different amino acid pairs , a replacement between large residues , such as Trp , Phe , and Tyr , was performed assuming conservation of their torsional angles within a homologous family of proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , changes in endogenous tryptophan fluorescence intensity and spectral changes after reaction of Mi CK with PN suggest additional modifications of Trp and Tyr residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Based on our analysis , the helix propensities of the amino acids are as follows ( kcal / mol ) : Ala = 0 , Leu = 0 . 21 , Arg = 0 . 21 , Met = 0 . 24 , Lys = 0 . 26 , Gln = 0 . 39 , Glu = 0 . 40 , Ile = 0 . 41 , Trp = 0 . 49 , Ser = 0 . 50 , Tyr = 0 . 53 , Phe = 0 . 54 , Val = 0 . 61 , His = 0 . 61 , Asn = 0 . 65 , Thr = 0 . 66 , Cys = 0 . 68 , Asp = 0 . 69 , and Gly = 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Manduca sexta apolipophorin 3 , apoLp 3 , is an exchangeable apolipoprotein of 17 kDa that contains no Trp , one Tyr , and eight Phe . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A rapid method for the quantitative determination of tyrosine ( Tyr ) , phenylalanine ( Phe ) , p hydroxybenzoic acid ( HBA ) , p hydroxyphenylacetic acid ( HPA ) , benzoic acid ( BZA ) , p hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid ( HPY ) , phenylacetic acid ( PAA ) , phenyllactic acid ( PLA ) , tryptophan ( Trp ) , indoleacetic acid ( IAA ) , phenylpyruvic acid ( PPY ) , phenylpropionic acid ( PPA ) and cinnamic acid ( CNA ) in goat rumen fluid was established by high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) . ^^^ The minimum detectable limits of quantification ( microM ) of these compounds were Tyr , 2 ; Phe , 3 ; HBA , 1 ; HPA , 2 ; BZA , 2 ; HPY , 8 ; PAA , 3 ; PLA , 4 ; Trp , 2 ; IAA , 2 ; PPY , 15 ; PPA , 8 and CNA , 4 . ^^^ Detectable levels of Tyr , Phe , HPA , BZA , HPY , PAA , PLA , Trp and PPA were found in the deproteinized rumen fluid of goat fed a haycube and concentrate mixture . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
P 2 preference followed the rank order : Lys > Arg > Thr > Pro > Glu > Ile > Ser > Ala > Asn > Val > Cys > AsP > Gln > Gly > His > Met > Leu > Tyr > Phe > Trp . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To further assess the intrinsic elements essential for the occurrence of disulfide isomerization of cobrotoxin , the toxin molecule was subjected to modification on its Arg , Lys , Trp , Tyr , and carboxyl groups . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Raman spectroscopy analysis also shows redistribution of the structural rotamers of the 68 kDa topo 1 disulfide bonds and significant changes in the H bonding of the Tyr residues and in the microenvironment / conformation of the Trp side chains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The comprehensive study of chimeras between the Gal 2 galactose transporter and the Hxt 2 glucose transporter of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has shown that Tyr 446 is essential and Trp 455 is important for galactose recognition by Gal 2 . ^^^ Consistent with this finding , replacement of the corresponding Phe 431 and Tyr 440 residues of Hxt 2 with Tyr and Trp , respectively , allowed Hxt 2 to transport galactose , suggesting that the two amino acid residues in putative transmembrane segment 10 play a definite role in galactose recognition ( Kasahara , M . , Shimoda , E . , and Maeda , M . ( 1997 ) J . ^^^ The importance of residue 431 in sugar recognition was more pronounced in a modified Hxt 2 in which Tyr 440 was replaced with Trp . ^^^ Glucose transport was supported only by the aromatic amino acids Phe , Tyr , and Trp at position 431 , and galactose transport was supported only by Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyr substitution for Trp at position 11 appears to favor beta ribbon formation and stabilization of the antiparallel double helix that acts as a template for gramicidin folding and nucleation of different crystal forms . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Klebsiella pneumoniae 62 1 , a triple mutant impaired in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis ( Phe , Tyr , Trp ) , excretes chorismic acid into the culture broth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The energy minimized structures of aldose reductase with six structurally diverse inhibitors ( spirofluorene 9 , 5 ' imidazolidine 2 ' , 4 ' dione ( 1 ) , 9 fluoreneacetic acid ( 2 ) , AL 1576 ( 3 ) , 2 , 7 difluoro 9 fluoreneacetic acid ( 4 ) , FK 366 ( 5 ) , and Epalrestat ( 9 ) ) indicate that the side chains of Tyr 48 , His 110 , and Trp 111 can form numerous hydrogen bonds with either the carboxylate or the hydantoin group of the inhibitors while the side chains of Trp 20 , Trp 111 , and Phe 122 are positioned to form aromatic aromatic interactions . ^^^ Of the three residues ( Tyr 48 , His 110 , and Trp 111 ) that can form hydrogen bonds with the ionized portion of aldose reductase inhibitors , protonated His 110 appears to play an important role in directing charged inhibitors to bind at the active site through charge interaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that the putative first ectoplasmic loop of band 3 carries blood group antigen ELO , 432 Arg > Trp ; the third putative loop harbors antigens Vga ( Van Vugt ) , 555 Tyr > His , BOW 561 Pro > Ser , Wu ( Wulfsberg ) , 565 Gly > Ala , and Bpa ( Bishop ) , 569 Asn > Lys ; and the putative fourth ectoplasmic loop carries antigens Hga ( Hughes ) , 656 Arg > Cys , and Moa ( Moen ) , 656 Arg > His . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Endomorphin 1 ( Tyr Pro Trp Phe NH 2 ) is a highly selective and potent agonist of the mu opioid receptor . ^^^ In DMSO , the cis configuration adopts a compact sandwich conformation in which the Tyr and Trp aromatic rings pack against the proline ring , whereas the trans configuration adopts an extended conformation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report in this article the optical absorption and fluorescent properties , in aqueous media , of Abz bound to the alpha amino group of Ala , Gly , Leu , Ile , Val , Pro , Phe , Arg , Glu , Met , Asn , Tyr , and Trp , with monomethylamidated alpha carboxyl group . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aromatic amino acid residues Phe , Trp , and Tyr prefer the 4 10 range and all other residues prefer the 21 30 range . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The amino acid composition of the aromatic residues Phe , Tyr and Trp are much less significant in chaperones and the residues Cys , Glu , His , Met and Pro vary significantly in chaperones compared to normal globular proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The carboxypeptidase A catalyzed syntheses of dipeptides from L amino acids ( Phe , Tyr , Trp , Leu and Ile ) were studied in various water miscible ( acetone , acetonitrile , ethanol , methanol and 1 , 4 dioxane ) organic solvents . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results reveal two lysine side chains ( Lys 47 and Lys 52 ) , an asparagine side chain ( Asn 53 ) , and two aromatic side chains ( Tyr 49 and Trp 82 ) in the receptor that are important for recognition by A 6 . ^^^ The role of aromatic side chains in antibody antigen recognition is of particular interest , not least in this case because 13 aromatic groups ( six Tyr , six Trp and one His ) are present at the interface ( four in VL , six in VH and three in the receptor ) , and several are proximal to the charged and polar side chains of Lys 47 , Lys 52 and Asn 53 in the receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Studies have shown that there are two ( or more ) sites for the protein derived radical : at tyrosine ( Tyr 103 ) or tryptophan ( Trp 14 ) . ^^^ Three amino acids show significant reactivity : Tyr , Trp , and Cys , with Cys the least efficient . ^^^ These reactions appear to mainly involve Tyr residues on the target protein , although evidence for reaction at Trp has also been obtained . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The UVRR change of the Trp residue of these mutants upon the T R transition was the same as that in HbA , indicating that the T R dependent UVRR change of beta37Trp is not due to stacking with Tyr residues but is due to the formation or destruction of a hydrogen bond . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is possible that the side chain conformation of Trp 340 ( t isomer ; chi 1 190 degrees , chi 2 89 degrees ) , aromatic rings of Tyr and Phe residues , and Pro residues in the microenvironment of Trp 340 and Trp 356 substantially contribute to the short wavelength fluorescence spectrum of actin . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of ( 1 ) residue type and ( 2 ) residue pair interactions at the interface show that antibody antigen interactions are very restricted with over 70 % of the antibody energy attributable to just six residue types ( Tyr > Asp > Asn > Ser > Glu > Trp ) in agreement with previous studies on residue propensity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Experiments with wild type DR 1 along with previously published results establish that the SDS stable complexes are formed only when the hydrophobic pocket 1 ( P 1 ) is occupied by a bulky aromatic ( Trp , Phe , Tyr ) or an aliphatic residue ( Met , Ile , Val , Leu ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The putative galactose binding pocket of the nonbinding ATB 2 gamma subdomain contained a His residue at the position occupied by a residue with an aromatic side chain ( Tyr or Trp ) in functional 2 gamma subdomains . ^^^ Mutationally converting this His to either Tyr or Trp restored lectin activity to the nonbinding ATB , emphasizing the contribution of an aromatic side chain in a functional 2 gamma subdomain galactose binding site for members of this lectin family . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The freeze trapped bacteriopheophytin alpha radical anion phi ( * ) A has been investigated by 1H ENDOR / Special TRIPLE resonance spectroscopy in photosynthetic reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides , in which the Tyr at position M 210 had been replaced by either Phe , Leu , His or Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ala , Asp , Arg , Cys , Gly , Glu , Ser , Thr , Trp , and Tyr form IPQ upon incubation with PQQ . ^^^ In addition to IPQ , Ala , Arg , Cys , Ser , Trp , and Tyr formed IPQ / R derivatives . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Compared to exposures in phosphate buffered saline , the yield of * OH radicals and H2O2 was significantly reduced in the cell culture medium , glucose ( the main organic component in the medium ) , and the hydrophobic amino acids ( Trp , Phe , Tyr , Leu , Val , Met ) being chiefly responsible for this effect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retention of aromatic analytes ( Trp , Phe , and Tyr ) involves smaller heat capacity changes and pronounced negative enthalpies of interaction with the stationary phase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Specific findings are as follows : 1 ) differences in the intrinsic fluorescence indicate that the Trp microenvironments are more hydrophobic for HbS > HbC > HbA , 2 ) ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy detects alterations in Tyr hydrogen bonding , in Trp hydrophobicity at the alpha1beta2 interface ( beta 37 ) , and in the A helix ( alpha14 / beta15 ) of both chains , 3 ) displacement by inositol hexaphosphate of the Hb bound 8 hydroxy 1 , 3 , 6 pyrenetrisulfonate ( the fluorescent 2 , 3 diphosphoglycerate analog ) follows the order HbA > HbS > HbC , and 4 ) oxygen equilibria measurements indicate a differential allosteric effect by inositol hexaphosphate for HbC approximately HbS > HbA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Peptides 10 23 have at position 3 : the aromatic amino acids , ( 10 ) homophenylalanine ( Hphe ) : ( 11 ) Tyr ; ( 12 ) Trp ; ( 13 ) 2 naphthylalanine ( 2 Nal ) ; the conformationally restricted amino acids ( 14 ) Pro ; ( 15 ) 2 aminotetraline 2 carboxylic acid ( Atc ) ; the polar amino acids ( 16 ) Ser ; ( 17 ) Thr ; ( 18 ) Gln ; and the charged amino acids ( 19 ) Asp ; ( 20 ) Glu ; ( 21 ) Arg ; ( 22 ) Lys ; ( 23 ) Orn . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This effect is attributed to weakening of tertiary H bonds involving Tyr alpha 140 and Trp alpha 14 , when the T state salt bridge between Val alpha 1 and Arg alpha 141 is formed via protonation of the terminal amino group and anion binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The type 2 site is specific for N terminal bulky hydrophobic residues Phe , Leu , Trp , Tyr , and Ile . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 229 nm excited Raman spectra are dominated by the Tyr and Trp Raman bands , which are analyzed to examine changes of Tyr and Trp environments and solvent exposures . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
LAT 2 exhibits higher affinity ( Km = 30 50 microM ) to Tyr , Phe , Trp , Thr , Asn , Ile , Cys , Ser , Leu , Val , and Gln and relatively lower affinity ( Km = 180 300 microM ) to His , Ala , Met , and Gly . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Five mutant RTs having Tyr , Trp , Ile , Ala or Gln instead of Phe 160 were obtained by site directed mutagenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyr substitution for Trp at position 11 appears to favor beta ribbon formation and stabilization of the antiparallel double helix . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results for neutral side chains with phi , psi angles approximately 180 degrees , approximately 180 degrees in ascending order , to an expected accuracy of + / 10 kJ mol ( ) ( 1 ) , are Asn 326 ; cystine 330 ; Asp 332 ; Gln 334 ; Trp 337 ; Arg 340 ; Lys 340 ; Met 343 ; His 344 ; Phe 344 ; Tyr 344 ; Leu 344 ; Ala 345 ; Cys 346 ; Ser 349 ; Gly 350 ; Ile 351 ; Val 352 ; Glu 354 ; Thr 357 ; Pro cis 358 ; Pro trans 369 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phylogenetic relationships among lizards of the families Anguidae , Anniellidae , Xenosauridae , and Shinisauridae are investigated using 2001 aligned bases of mitochondrial DNA sequence from the genes encoding ND 1 ( subunit one of NADH dehydrogenase ) , tRNA ( Ile ) , tRNA ( Gln ) , tRNA ( Met ) , ND 2 , tRNA ( Trp ) , tRNA ( Ala ) , tRNA ( Asn ) , tRNA ( Cys ) , tRNA ( Tyr ) , and COI ( subunit 1 of cytochrome c oxidase ) , plus the origin for light strand replication ( O ( L ) ) between the tRNA ( Asn ) and the tRNA ( Cys ) genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phylogenetic relationships of four of the five species are investigated using 1733 aligned bases of mitochondrial DNA sequence from the genes encoding ND 1 ( subunit one of NADH dehydrogenase ) , tRNA ( Ile ) , tRNA ( Gln ) , tRNA ( Met ) , ND 2 , tRNA ( Trp ) , tRNA ( Ala ) , tRNA ( Asn ) , tRNA ( Cys ) , tRNA ( Tyr ) , and COI ( subunit 1 of cytochrome c oxidase ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The required amino acids were : Arg , His , Ile , Leu , Phe , Ser , Thr , Trp , Tyr , and Val . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The geometry of the interaction of the aromatic side chains of phenylalanine ( Phe ) , tyrosine ( Tyr ) , tryptophan ( Trp ) and histidine ( His ) with the indole ring of Trp has been analyzed using the structures in the Protein Data Bank in order to understand the dependence of the packing behaviour on the size and chemical nature of the aromatic rings . ^^^ While parallel stacking is the dominant feature of Trp His interaction , Tyr packs in a more uniform manner around Trp with a higher than expected occurrence at the edge and a few cases of possible OH pi interaction . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , only 11 . 7 % of the interaction seen with the wild type peptide was observed with the mutant in which seven conserved aromatic residues ( Trp 543 , Phe 547 , Trp 550 , Tyr 553 , Trp 557 , Phe 561 , and Tyr 564 ) had been altered to alanines ( aromatics off mutant ) . ^^^ These observations suggest that the stabilization of BChE tetramers is mediated through the interaction of the seven conserved aromatic residues , Trp 543 , Phe 547 , Trp 550 , Tyr 553 , Trp 557 , Phe 561 , and Tyr 564 , and that the poly L proline induced increase in tetrameric BChE is mediated through these seven aromatic residues . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The luminescence spectrum of the PON terbium complex exhibited an emission peak at 545 nm characteristic of an aromatic residue ( Trp and / or Tyr ) terbium interaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NOHb at pH 6 . 7 gave the UVRR spectrum of the R structure , but in the presence of inositol hexakis phosphate ( IHP ) for which the Fe His bond of the alpha heme is broken , UVRR bands of Trp residues behaved half T like while Tyr bands remained R like . ^^^ The half ligated nitrosylHb , alpha ( NO ) beta ( deoxy ) , in the presence of IHP at pH 5 . 6 , gave T like UVRR spectra for both Tyr and Trp , but binding of CO to its beta heme ( alpha ( NO ) beta ( CO ) ) changed the UVRR spectrum to half T like . ^^^ Binding of NO to its beta heme ( NOHb ) changed the UVRR spectrum to 70 % T type for Trp but almost R type for Tyr . ^^^ We note that the behaviors of Tyr and Trp residues at the alpha 1 beta 2 interface are not synchronous . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cation pi interactions are found to be common among structures in the Protein Data Bank , and it is clearly demonstrated that , when a cationic sidechain ( Lys or Arg ) is near an aromatic sidechain ( Phe , Tyr , or Trp ) , the geometry is biased toward one that would experience a favorable cation pi interaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To study the role of the catalytic domain in 5 Src substrate specificity , we engineered three site directed mutants ( Leu 472 to Tyr or Trp and Thr 429 to Met ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The influence of the amino acid residues surrounding the flavin ring in the flavodoxin of the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7119 on the electron spin density distribution of the flavin semiquinone was examined in mutants of the key residues Trp ( 57 ) and Tyr ( 94 ) at the FMN binding site . ^^^ Significant differences in electron density distribution were observed in the flavodoxin mutants Trp ( 57 ) > Ala and Tyr ( 94 ) > Ala . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Secondary and tertiary structure changes were inferred , respectively , from changes in far UV circular dichroism and relative changes of interresidue distances by fluorescence resonance energy transfer ( FRET ) . `` Single Trp ' ' mutants were used in FRET analysis , with the background Tyr contribution determined through use of a `` zero Trp ' ' mutant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Again the Ca2+ forms display two thirds of the alpha helical content in the wild type , while their core is still strongly hydrophobic as monitored by Trp and Tyr fluorescence . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Sorbinil binds to the active site of aldehyde reductase and is hydrogen bonded to Trp 22 , Tyr 50 , His 113 , and the non conserved Arg 312 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using site directed mutagenesis , a double mutant was constructed involving conservative substitution of Tyr ( 99 ) > Trp ( 99 ) and Leu ( 69 ) > Cys ( 69 ) with no significant effect on the secondary structure of CaM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mass spectrometry techniques were used to characterize radiolytic modification to amino acids cysteine ( Cys ) , methionine ( Met ) , phenylalanine ( Phe ) , tyrosine ( Tyr ) , tryptophan ( Trp ) , proline ( Pro ) , histidine ( His ) , and leucine ( Leu ) . ^^^ A reactivity order of Cys , Met > > Phe , Tyr , > Trp > Pro > His , Leu was determined under aerobic reaction conditions from MS / MS analysis of the radiolyzed peptide products . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cleavage of a peptide with Ala in the penultimate position was most efficient , with the relative order Ala > / = Met > Ser , Phe > Tyr > Trp > Thr > / = Gln , Asp , Leu , Gly > > Pro for CPD with both domains active . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Data from screening of the library shows that plasmin has a strong specificity for Trp at the S 2 subsite and prefers to bind hydrophobic and aromatic amino acids such as Ile , Phe , Trp , and Tyr at the S 2 ' subsite . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This work suggests that a significant role of Trp 161 in the active site is to promote the dissociation of product peroxide , perhaps in part through its effect on the orientation of Tyr 34 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Seven chymotryptic cleavage sites , Trp ( 60 ) , Phe ( 61 ) , Phe ( 75 ) , Phe ( 84 ) , Phe ( 113 ) , Phe ( 118 ) , and Tyr ( 122 ) , located near or within the core alpha crystallin domain , were shielded from the action of chymotrypsin in the presence of ATP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cys _ SH was located in the hydrophobic cluster , along with residues such as Met , Trp and Tyr , and was clearly separated from Ser and Thr in the polar cluster . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PEG 8000 perturbs the structure of the protein surface , partially modifying the layer of water and the microenvironment of the superficial aromatic residues ( tryptophan , TRP and TYR ) which is in agreement with the modifications of the UV spectrum of albumin by PEG 8000 and circular dichroism ( CD ) spectrum at high temperatures . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the mutant in which seven conserved aromatic residues ( Trp 543 , Phe 547 , Trp 550 , Tyr 553 , Trp 557 , Phe 561 , and Tyr 564 ) and C 571 were altered to alanines showed only 12 % of the interaction seen with the wild type peptide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The two phage display ligands with high binding activities contained a high content of Arg , Tyr , and Trp residues with the short consensus sequence Arg 10 Tyr Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CEOS contains one tryptophan ( Trp ) and 19 tyrosines ( Tyr ) per monomer , and the fluorescence spectrum of the protein shows emission from both Trp and Tyr residues . ^^^ In the presence of NADPH , Tyr fluorescence is reduced by 40 % , and Trp fluorescence is quenched completely . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Conservative substitution of Trp H 33 by Tyr or Phe resulted in moderate losses of binding affinity ; however , replacement by Ala had a significantly larger impact . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The hydrolytic degradation products consisted primarily of backbone cleavage C terminal to Trp ( 3 ) , Ser ( 4 ) , Tyr ( 5 ) , Leu ( 6 ) and Leu ( 7 ) , and oxidation of Trp ( 3 ) and beta elimination of Ser ( 4 ) were identified . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Radical induced oxidative modification of cysteine ( Cys ) , methionine ( Met ) , tryptophan ( Trp ) , phenylalanine ( Phe ) , tyrosine ( Tyr ) , proline ( Pro ) , histidine ( His ) , and leucine ( Leu ) residues is also reported , providing sufficient reactive markers to span a protein sequence . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tripeptide Z Ala Ala Leu pNA , tetrapeptides A Ala Ala P 1 P1 ' B , where A = Z or Abz ; P 1 = Leu , Phe , Met , Trp , Ile , Tyr , Phe ( NO 2 ) , or Glu ( OMe ) , P 1 ' = Leu , Phe , Glu , Ala , Ile , Val , or Arg ; B = NH 2 , pNA , or 2 ( 2 , 4 dinitrophenyl ) aminoethylamine residue ( Ded ) ; pentapeptides Z Ala Ala Leu Ala Ala pNA and Z Ala Ala Leu Ala Phe pNA ; and hexapeptide Abz Val Ala Phe Phe Ala Ala Ded were synthesized using the SDS subtilisin complex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Leu , Tyr , Gln , and His substituted analogs were found to be exclusively three stranded trimers , while the Asn , Lys , Orn , Arg , and Trp substituted analogs formed exclusively two stranded monomers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
His , Tyr , and Trp residues of the toxin were chemically modified by specific reagents . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overhauser connectivities reveal close hydrophobic contacts of the ligand ring with side chains of Tyr ( 36 ) , Trp ( 62 ) , Phe ( 64 ) , Trp ( 72 ) , AND Leu ( 74 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Malaria significantly increased the apparent K ( m ) for Trp , Tyr and His , with no effect on K ( m ) ( app ) for Phe . ^^^ Using the kinetic parameters of NAA transport at the human blood brain barrier , malaria significantly altered brain uptake of Phe ( +96 % ) , Trp ( 28 % ) and His ( +31 % ) , with no effect on Tyr ( 8 % ) , compared with control findings . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The two wild type Trp residues in Tet repressor were replaced by Tyr or Phe and single Trp residues were introduced at each of the positions 162 173 , representing part of an unstructured loop and the N terminal six residues of alpha helix 9 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A series of diastereoisomers of endomorphin 1 ( EM 1 , Tyr ( 1 ) Pro ( 2 ) Trp ( 3 ) Phe ( 4 ) NH ( 2 ) ) have been synthesized and their potency measured using the guinea pig ileum assay . [ D Phe ( 4 ) ] EM 1 possessed 1 / 10 the potency of EM 1 , while potencies of [ D Tyr ( 1 ) ] EM 1 and [ D Trp ( 3 ) ] EM 1 were 50 and 100 fold lower , respectively . ^^^ Simulations of trans [ D Pro ( 2 ) ] EM 1 using NOE derived distance constraints afforded well defined structures in which Tyr and Trp side chains stack against the proline ring . ^^^ The two peptides showed an opposite orientation of the Trp ( 3 ) residue with respect to Tyr ( 1 ) , thus suggesting a role of Pro ( 2 ) as a stereochemical spacer in orienting Trp ( 3 ) and Phe ( 4 ) toward regions suitable for mu receptor interaction . ^^^ The agonist activity of [ D Tyr ( 1 ) ] EM 1 and [ D Trp ( 3 ) ] EM 1 was attributed to their ability to adopt low energy conformations that mimic those of EM 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gnp1p , which is closely related to Agp1p , has a somewhat less broad specificity , transporting Leu , Ser , Thr , Cys , Met , Gln and Asn , while Bap2p and Bap3p , which are also closely related to Agp1p , are able to transport Ile , Leu , Val , Cys , Met , Phe , Tyr and Trp . ^^^ Tat2p can take up Phe , Trp and Tyr ; Put4p can transport Ala , Gly and Pro ; while Can1p , Lyp1p and the previously uncharacterized Alp1p are specific for the cationic amino acids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Compared with other ArATs , ArATPh has a novel substrate specificity , the order of preference being Tyr > Phe > Glu > Trp > His > > Met > Leu > Asp > Asn . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Significant differences in the cleavage of dipeptides with P 1 aromatic residues ( Phe , Tyr , and Trp ) were noted . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Temperature dependencies were measured of the rate constants for intra complex electron transfer to the triplet state of Pd ( 2 ) TMPyP4+ from a tyrosine ( tyr , Y ) or tryptophan ( trp , W ) moiety connected to a glutamic acid tetramer . ^^^ A significantly lower lambda value ( lambda = 1 . 08 eV ) was derived for the tryptophan containing peptide complex , indicating a relatively higher hydrophobic character of trp compared to tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bioactivity of the peptide can be maintained if the basic , aromatic residue His is replaced by another basic residue ( Lys ) and another aromatic residue ( Trp ) , but not the aromatic Tyr , indicating a sensitivity to the introduction of a phenolic OH group . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Detection limits of low nanomolar concentrations are possible for amino acids with hydrophobic side chains ( Phe , Tyr , Trp , Leu , Ile ) as determined for Phe . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the brain of all vertebrate classes , chicken ( c ) GnRH 2 ( [ His ( 5 ) , Trp ( 7 ) , Tyr ( 8 ) ] GnRH , cGnRH 2 ) is expressed in the mesencephalon . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These algorithms consist of blocks of 8 amino acids containing an amino acid anchor ( Tyr , Phe , Trp , Leu , Ile , or Val ) at position 1 and different amino acid combinations at positions i+2 to i+7 depending on the class 2 molecule . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A disulfide bond forming reaction by silyl chloride sulfoxide system is completed within 10 15 min without modifications at sensitive residues ( Tyr , His , Met ) in peptide chain , except for a Trp residue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Alanine mutation , in the human ORL 1 receptor , of transmembrane amino acid residues that are conserved in opioid receptors , Asp ( 130 ) and Tyr ( 131 ) in transmembrane segment ( TM ) 3 , Phe ( 220 ) and Phe ( 224 ) in TM 5 , and Trp ( 276 ) in TM 6 , yields mutant receptors with reduced affinity , and proportionally decreased reactivity , toward nociceptin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Trp , Phe , and Tyr were also identified in the rumen fluid , with average concentrations of 8 . 25 , 29 . 04 , and 12 . 6 microM , respectively , before the morning feeding . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The different granzymes have one of four primary substrate specificities : tryptase ( cleaving after Arg or Lys ) , Asp ase ( cleaving after Asp ) , Met ase ( cleaving after Met or Leu ) , and chymase ( cleaving after Phe , Tyr , or Trp ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The substrate specificity of tryptophan ( Trp ) decarboxylase ( TDC ) for Trp and tyrosine ( Tyr ) decarboxylase ( TYDC ) for Tyr was used to modify the in vivo pools of these amino acids in transgenic tobacco . ^^^ Expression of TDC and TYDC was shown to deplete the levels of Trp and Tyr , respectively , during seedling development . ^^^ The creation of artificial metabolic sinks for Trp and Tyr also drastically affected the levels of phenylalanine , as well as those of the non aromatic amino acids methionine , valine , and leucine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Instead of using the 2 bromobenzyloxycarbonyl ( BrZ ) group for the Tyr residue and the formyl ( For ) group for the Trp residue , both of which are the most susceptible protecting groups under these base catalysed conditions , the base resistant 3 pentyl ( Pen ) and cyclohexyloxycarbonyl ( Hoc ) groups were introduced to the respective side chain functional groups . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The best substrates for papain were peptides containing Trp , Tyr or Asn at P ( 3 ) ' . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The uptake was inhibited by > 50 % in the presence of a 10 fold excess of His , homocysteine ( Hcy ) , Trp , Leu , Tyr , Ile , Thr , Ala , Phe , Met , Ser , by > 20 % in the presence of a 10 fold excess of Val , Arg , Glu , and was not affected by a 10 fold excess of Orn , alpha ketoglutarate , Tau and Pro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The flexibility scale has the following order : Lys > Arg , Gln , Met > Glu , Ile , Leu > Asn , Thr , Val , Tyr , Ser , His , Asp > Cys , Trp , Phe ; thus , Lys side chains in binding pockets flex 25 times more often then do the Phe side chains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although it is distant from the 2 ' phosphoryl group of NADP ( + ) , replacement of the C terminal tyrosine ( Tyr ( 308 ) in the pea enzyme ) by Trp , Phe , Gly , and Ser produced enzyme forms in which the preference for NADPH over NADH was decreased about 2 , 10 , 300 , and 400 fold , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Homo oligomers of hydrophobic amino acids as different in size and shape as Val ( 19 ) , Trp ( 19 ) , and Tyr ( 22 ) generated functional signal sequences with similar topologies in the membrane . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutation of a tryptophan located directly below the heme ( Trp ( 409 ) ) to Phe or Tyr causes hyperactive NO synthesis and less heme NO complex buildup in the steady state ( Adak , S . , Crooks , C . , Wang , Q . , Crane , B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Leu 98 in recombinant Phascolopsis gouldii hemerythrin , was mutated to several other residues of varying sizes ( Ala , Val ) , polarities ( Thr , Asp , Asn ) , and aromaticities ( Phe , Tyr , Trp ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Double site mutants containing aromatic residues at these latter two positions showed either essentially full galactose transport activity ( Phe ( 352 ) Trp ( 504 ) and Trp ( 352 ) Trp ( 504 ) ) or no significant activity ( Phe ( 352 ) Tyr ( 504 ) and Trp ( 352 ) Tyr ( 504 ) ) , whereas single site mutants showed markedly reduced activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At the P ( 2 ) position , His , Phe , Tyr , Asn , or Trp produced cleavage at the amino side of the first basic residue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Substitution of Tyr or His for Phe 707 , but not Leu , Val , Glu , or Trp , partially restored the ability of high [ Ca ( 2+ ) ] ( o ) to activate PLC . ^^^ Phe 802 could be replaced with either Tyr or Trp with partial retention of the ability to activate PLC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Aromatic residues of Trp 33H and Tyr 100iH form a side wall of the pocket and are in van der Waals interactions with the base moieties . ^^^ The Trp 33H side chain is placed in parallel to the 3 ' pyrimidone base , and the Tyr 100iH side chain is nearly perpendicular to the 5 ' thymine base . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although previous results indicate that alpha subunit residues Trp ( 187 ) , Val ( 188 ) , Phe ( 189 ) , Tyr ( 190 ) , and Pro ( 194 ) of the mouse nicotinic acetylcholine receptor are solvent accessible and are in a position to contribute to the alpha bungarotoxin ( alpha Bgtx ) binding site ( Spura , A . , Russin , T . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Tyr 125 of the mutant YAM formed an edge to face pi pi interaction with Phe 124 which also interacts with the Trp 210 with the same interactions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previously Trp , Arg , and Tyr were shown to constitute energetic hot spots . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The conserved aromatic side chain in the N terminal heme shielding peptide at position 4 , Phe and Tyr in plants and algae , respectively , and Trp in cyanobacteria , is in contact with the heme . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The motion of the residues with aromatic side chains surrounding the selectivity filter ( Trp ( 67 ) , Trp ( 68 ) , Tyr ( 78 ) , and Tyr ( 82 ) ) is anisotropic with the smallest RMS fluctuations in the direction parallel to the membrane plane . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
After 5 min of ozonation only His , Met , Trp , and Tyr form oxidation products clearly detectable by ESI MS . ^^^ For His , the main oxidation product is formed by the addition of three oxygen atoms , His + 30 ; for Met and Tyr by the addition of one oxygen atom , Met + O and Tyr + O , and for Trp by the addition of two oxygen atoms , Trp + 20 . ^^^ Ozone oxidation occurs rapidly , products are already detected after 30 s of ozonation , and the reactivity order is Met > Trp > Tyr > His . ^^^ His + 30 was assigned as 2 amino 4 oxo 4 ( 3 formylureido ) butanoic acid ( 1 ) formed by oxidation of the His imidazole ring , Met + O as methionine sulfoxide ( 2 ) , Trp + 20 as N formylkynurenine ( 4 ) , and Tyr + O as a mixture of dihydroxyphenylalanines ( 7 and 8 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have mutated the conserved aromatic acids , Trp ( 676 ) , Trp ( 678 ) , Phe ( 691 ) , His ( 692 ) , and Tyr ( 706 ) , together with the neighboring Arg ( 414 ) residue within the H4B binding region of full length neuronal NOS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To study the effect of similar modifications on the thermodynamic behavior and kinetics of partial reactions of the bc ( 1 ) complex upon flash activation , we have constructed four mutant strains of Rb . sphaeroides where Tyr 156 was mutated to His , Leu , Phe , or Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three full length mutated NS 3 proteins containing Tyr ( 392 ) Ala , Val ( 432 ) Gly and Trp ( 501 ) Ala single substitutions , respectively , together with a Tyr ( 392 ) Ala / Trp ( 501 ) Ala double substituted protein were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity . ^^^ Simultaneous replacement of both Tyr ( 392 ) and Trp ( 501 ) with Ala completely abolished all these enzymatic functions . ^^^ The mutant phenotype of the Tyr ( 392 ) Ala and Tyr ( 392 ) Ala / Trp ( 501 ) Ala enzymes , however , represents a completely novel finding . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Absorption , circular dichroism ( CD ) , and UV resonance Raman ( UVRR ) spectroscopies were applied to selectively examine the environmental and structural changes of Trp and Tyr residues in the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase ( PI3K ) SH 3 domain induced by ligand association . ^^^ Comparison of the spectra of PI3K SH 3 in the presence or absence of its ligand peptide RLP 1 ( RKLPPRPSK ) indicated that RLP 1 binding changed the environment of Trp 55 of the SH 3 to be more hydrophilic and its H bonding weaker and that of Tyr residues to be more hydrophobic . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We introduced site directed mutations of Tyr ( 8 ) , Arg ( 14 ) , Trp ( 104 ) , Lys ( 112 ) , Tyr ( 152 ) , Cys ( 156 ) , Lys ( 198 ) , and Leu ( 199 ) , which are presumed to participate in catalysis or PGH ( 2 ) substrate binding based on the crystallographic structure . ^^^ These results indicate that Lys ( 112 ) , Cys ( 156 ) , and Lys ( 198 ) are involved in the binding of PGH ( 2 ) ; Trp ( 104 ) is critical for structural integrity of the catalytic center for GST and PGDS activities ; and Tyr ( 8 ) and Arg ( 14 ) are essential for activation of the thiol group of glutathione . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results showed a thermodynamic stability order ( in order of decreasing stability ) of : Leu , Met , Ile , Tyr , Phe , Val , Gln , Ala , Trp , Asn , His , Thr , Lys , Ser , Asp , Glu , Arg , Orn , and Gly . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the replacement set of amino acids , peptides showing low or no reactivity to 65 10 were ( 175 ) Phe > Asp , Glu , Gly , Lys , Arg , Thr , Val , ( 176 ) Asn > Asp , Glu , Phe , Ile , Lys , Leu , Pro , Val , Tyr , ( 177 ) Asp > Cys , Glu , Phe , Ile , Lys , Leu , Met , Pro , Gln , Arg , Ser , Thr , Val , Trp , Tyr , and ( 178 ) Phe > Pro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Position 2 substitutions containing Asp , Leu , Lys , Met , Phe , Trp , and Tyr , and Ala substitutions at positions 12 and 21 exhibited normal to enhanced GLP 2R binding but greater than 75 % reduction in receptor activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our Raman results indicated that the environment of Trp and of Tyr were not affected during Mg ADP binding to CK . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It was found that Cys ( 62 ) , Trp ( 201 ) , Trp ( 292 ) , and Tyr ( 425 ) were strongly involved in both activities , and that Tyr ( 92 ) , Cys ( 210 ) , Cys ( 285 ) , and Cys ( 286 ) were moderately involved in the activities . ^^^ Mutations of Tyr ( 78 ) , Trp ( 90 ) , and Trp ( 422 ) mainly affected uptake activity , and the K ( m ) values for putrescine uptake by these PotE mutants increased greatly , indicating that these amino acids are involved in the high affinity uptake of putrescine by PotE . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It now appears clear that the polar aromatic residues Trp and Tyr have a specific affinity for a region near the lipid carbonyls , whereas positively charged residues extend into the lipid phosphate region . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , numerous mutations throughout the receptor either reduced SR 146131 agonist potency , Phe ( 97 ) , Gly ( 122 ) , Phe ( 198 ) , Trp ( 209 ) , Ile ( 229 ) , Asn ( 333 ) , Arg ( 336 ) and Leu ( 356 ) or increased it , Tyr ( 48 ) , Cys ( 94 ) , Asn ( 98 ) , Leu ( 217 ) and Ser ( 359 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Molecular modeling of the reactive center loop of kallistatin bound to the reactive crevice of tissue kallikrein indicated that the P 2 residue required a long and bulky hydrophobic side chain to reach and fill the hydrophobic S 2 cleft generated by Tyr ( 99 ) and Trp ( 219 ) of tissue kallikrein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
B . jararacussu bothropstoxins 1 ( BthTX 1 ) and 2 ( BthTX 2 ) were submitted to chemical modifications of : His , by 4 bromophenacyl bromide ( BPB ) or photooxidation by Rose Bengal ( RB ) ; Tyr , by 2 nitrobenzenesulphonyl fluoride ( NBSF ) ; and Trp , by o nitrophenylsulphenyl chloride ( NPSC ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Numerous side chains of amino acids found in extracellular proteins can be modified by hypochlorite , including His , Arg , Tyr , Lys , Trp , and Met . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previously we reported that the N terminal Tyr residue of nsP 4 of Sindbis virus , the type species of the genus Alphavirus , can be substituted with Phe , Trp , or His without altering the wild type phenotype in cultured cells but that other substitutions tested , except for Met , were lethal or quasilethal . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The precise orientation of key residues ( Arg ( 454 ) , Tyr ( 456 ) , Cys ( 472 ) , Gly ( 488 ) , Thr ( 491 ) , and Trp ( 677 ) ) has been defined by 10 ray crystallography ( Wang , M . , Roberts , D . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The well established long range intramolecular electron transfer from Tyr residues to Trp radicals leading to the repair of the semi oxidized Trp * ( Lyz ) and formation of the tyrosyl phenoxyl radical is inhibited by the Trp * ( Lyz ) + O2 * reaction , as is most of the Trp * ( Lyz ) + Trp * ( Lyz ) reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The fluorescence of Trp 214 in the mutant W61F is quenched by dibromostearoylphosphatidylcholine ( di ( Br ( 2 ) C 18 : 0 ) PC ) , whereas the fluorescence of Trp ( 61 ) in the mutant W214F is not quenched by di ( Br ( 2 ) C 18 : 0 ) PC when fluorescence is excited directly through the Trp rather than through the Tyr residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The overall three dimensional structures of the enzymes are composed of similar alpha / beta TIM barrels , and the active site residues Tyr 50 , His 113 , and Trp 114 interacting with the hydrophilic heads of inhibitors are conserved . ^^^ Unlike the IC ( 50 ) values ( concentration of inhibitor giving 50 % of inhibition in solution ) , the Vc ( 50 ) values measured by mass spectrometry ( accelerating voltage of ions needed to dissociate 50 % of a noncovalent complex in the gas phase ) for the two enzymes are similar , and they correlate with the electrostatic and hydrogen bonding energies calculated between the conserved Tyr 50 , His 113 , and Trp 114 and the inhibitors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When amino acids are incubated in the presence of a free radical source [ 2 , 2 ' azobis ( 2 amidinopropane ) dihydrocloride ] , only tyrosine ( Tyr ) and tryptophan ( Trp ) produce significant chemiluminescence . ^^^ The observed increase in light emission with the incubation time , for both Trp and Tyr , would indicate the participation of more than one reaction product as intermediates in the pathways leading to the production of excited molecules . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The UV difference spectra of TnC ( W ) and TnC ( C ) showed bands at around 280 290 nm due to the perturbation of Tyr and Trp upon Ca ( 2+ ) binding , while TnC ZEQ and TnC ( N ) did not show these bands . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression sites of three prepro gonadotrophin releasing hormones ( GnRHs ) , corresponding to seabream GnRH ( sbGnRH : Ser ( 8 ) mGnRH , mammalian GnRH ) , salmon GnRH ( sGnRH : Trp ( 7 ) Leu ( 8 ) mGnRH ) , and chicken GnRH 2 ( cGnRH 2 : His ( 5 ) Trp ( 7 ) Tyr ( 8 ) mGnRH ) forms were studied in the brain of a perciform fish , the European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) by means of in situ hybridization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Excitation of the N band significantly contributes to the photoreduction , and this is facilitated by the external addition of mannitol , hyaluronic acid , Trp , Tyr , etc . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
But , in contrast to the human receptor , it also had high affinity for chicken GnRH ( [ Gln ( 8 ) ] GnRH ) and GnRH 2 ( [ His ( 5 ) , Trp ( 7 ) , Tyr ( 8 ) ] GnRH ) ( K ( 1 ) 5 . 3 + / 0 . 5 and 0 . 6 + / 0 . 01 nM ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cation pi effects in the complexation of Na+ and K+ with Phe , Tyr , and Trp in the gas phase . ^^^ Na+ and K+ gas phase affinities of the three aromatic amino acids Phe , Tyr , and Trp were measured by the kinetic method . ^^^ Na+ binds these amino acids much more strongly than K+ , and for both metal ions the binding strength was found to follow the order Phe < or = Tyr < Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The crystal structure of an A 6 Fab IFNgammaR complex revealed an interface rich in the aromatic side chains of Trp , Tyr , and His residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro inhibitory power was good ( in the low nanomolar range ) for the derivatives of beta phenylserine and alpha phenylglycine , for those incorporating hydroxy and mercapto amino acids ( Ser , Thr , Cys , Met ) , hydrophobic amino acids ( Val , Leu , Ile ) , aromatic amino acids ( Phe , His , Trp , Tyr , DOPA ) , and dicarboxylic amino acids as well as di / tri / tetrapeptides among others . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to identify the substrate specificity at P 1 position , Leu Leu Pro 10 Ala Leu ( 10 ; Gly , Ala , Val , Leu , Ile , Pro , Asp , Glu , Lys , Arg , Asn , Gln , Phe , Tyr , Ser , Thr , Met , Trp , His ) were synthesized and digested by cucumisin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Arg , Tyr , Glu , and / or Asp , His , Trp , and Met caused loss of the activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine the amino acid residues related to the catalytic activity of the antibody , we studied the effect of Tyr , Trp , and Lys selective reagents on the catalytic activity and determined the amino acid sequences around the modified amino acid residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These changes were interpreted as being due to environmental alterations of tyrosine ( Tyr ) and / or tryptophan ( Trp ) perturbed by tertiary structural changes from the oxy to deoxy form in isolated chains , referring to the CD spectra of model compounds . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A similar value ( 153+ / 33 nM ) was obtained for the complex formed between IgG and the Tyr ( 64 ) > Trp mutant ( Y64W ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In both cell lines , TIP ( 9 39 ) and , to a lesser extent , TIP ( 1 39 ) inhibited the actions of the three agonists with efficiencies similar to those of [ Leu ( 11 ) , D Trp ( 12 ) , Trp ( 23 ) , Tyr ( 36 ) ] PTHrP ( 7 36 ) amide , an established PTH1R antagonist . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To reveal amino acid residues important for biological function of the domain and to investigate the role of calcium in the CBD ( CelK ) four highly conserved aromatic residues ( Trp ( 56 ) , Trp ( 94 ) , Tyr ( 111 ) , and Tyr ( 136 ) ) and Asp ( 192 ) were mutated into alanines , giving the mutants W56A , W94A , Y111A , Y136A , and D192A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results indicated that other amino acid residues besides Cys , such as Trp and Tyr , were also oxidized by H 202 . ^^^ Disulfide dimerization alone seems to play a less important role in HMM aggregation than does the secondary conformational change resulting from the combined effect of the oxidation of Trp and Tyr as well as Cys . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The apparent increase in the rate of iron release from the Trp ( 8 ) > Tyr mutant could be due to the interference of the mutation with the H bond linkage resulting in an effect on the second shell network . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In total , 75 phage clones carrying 43 different peptides were analyzed of which 42 clones carrying 17 different peptides , twelve 12mer and five 7mer peptides , presented a single consensus motif : Leu ( Ile , Val ) Tyr ( Phe , Trp , Leu ) Gly Met ( Ala ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phylogenetic relationships among salamandrids of the `` true ' ' salamander clade are investigated using 2019 aligned base positions ( 713 parsimony informative ) of 20 mitochondrial DNA sequences from the genes encoding ND 1 ( subunit one of NADH dehydrogenase ) , tRNA ( Ile ) , tRNA ( Gln ) , tRNA ( Met ) , ND 2 , tRNA ( Trp ) , tRNA ( Ala ) , tRNA ( Asn ) , tRNA ( Cys ) , tRNA ( Tyr ) , and COI ( subunit 1 of cytochrome c oxidase ) , plus the origin for light strand replication ( O ( L ) ) between the tRNA ( Asn ) and the tRNA ( Cys ) genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A similar phenotype was observed when Trp ( 1246 ) was replaced with Ala , Phe , and Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Adding hydrogen peroxide ( H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) ) to human Mb affords Trp ( 14 ) peroxyl , Tyr ( 103 ) phenoxyl , and Cys ( 110 ) thiyl radicals and coupling of Cys ( 110 ) thiyl radicals yields a homodimer through intermolecular disulfide bond formation ( Witting , P . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phylogenetic relationships among frogs of the genus Rana from western North America are investigated using 2013 aligned bases of mitochondrial DNA sequence from the genes encoding ND 1 ( subunit one of NADH dehydrogenase ) , tRNA ( Ile ) , tRNA ( Gln ) , tRNA ( Met ) , ND 2 , tRNA ( Trp ) , tRNA ( Ala ) , tRNA ( Asn ) , tRNA ( Cys ) , tRNA ( Tyr ) , and COI ( subunit 1 of cytochrome c oxidase ) , plus the origin for light strand replication ( O ( L ) ) between the tRNA ( Asn ) and tRNA ( Cys ) genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The length of H CDR 3 was found to be relatively long ( 27 60 nucleotides ) among the polyreactive mAbs and the presence of Tyr and Trp residues in this region seems to be of vital importance for polyreactivity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the relationship between Ar HN interaction and the stability of local and secondary structures of polypeptides and to improve the prediction of this interaction based on amino acid sequence , the structures of 560 nonhomologous proteins , from the Protein Data Bank , were searched for Ar HN interactions between the aromatic ring of each Phe , Tyr , and Trp residue at position 1 and the backbone amide group of any residue , except Pro , at the positions 1 , 1 1 , 1 2 , 1 3 , 1 + 1 , 1 + 2 , and 1 + 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The rank order for free energies is Asp ( ) , Ala > Glu ( ) > Glu ( 0 ) > Trp , Leu , Ser > Asp ( 0 ) , Thr , Gln , Met , Ile > Val , Pro > Lys ( + ) , Arg , His ( 0 ) > Cys , Gly > Phe > Asn , Tyr , His ( + ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast to P 1 Leu , Met , Phe , Trp , and Tyr appearing in other chymotrypsin inhibitors , a P 1 Asn in the novel inhibitor may cause a weak binding ( Ki = 3 . 52 microM ) with chymotrypsin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chemical modifications of His , Lys , Tyr , and Trp residues of PrTX 1 and PrTX 3 were performed , together with cleavage of the N terminal octapeptide by CNBr and inhibition by heparin and EDTA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The chemical modification of Trp or Tyr in tachyplesin , but not Lys or Arg , dramatically reduced the affinity to hemocyanin , suggesting that the binding site is located in the hydrophobic face of tachyplesin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The UVRR spectra of native sperm whale ( sw ) and horse ( h ) Mbs and W7F and W14F swMb mutants for the deoxy and CO bound states enabled us to reveal the UVRR spectra of Trp 7 , Trp 14 , and Tyr 151 residues , separately . ^^^ The difference spectra between the deoxy and CO bound states reflected the environmental or structural changes of Trp and Tyr residues upon CO binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We concluded that two basic amino acids ( Lys ( 414 ) and Lys ( 418 ) ) are important for promoter binding and demonstrated distinct roles , at a subsequent step , for two aromatic amino acids ( Tyr ( 430 ) and Trp ( 433 ) ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chemical modifications of His ( with 4 bromophenacyl bromide , BPB ) , Tyr ( with 2 nitrobenzenesulphonyl fluoride , NBSF ) , Trp ( with o nitrophenylsulphenyl chloride , NPSC ) and Lys ( with acetic anhydride ) residues of this protein , in addition to cleavage with cyanogen bromide ( CNBr ) and inhibition with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ( EDTA ) , were carried out in order to study their effects on enzymatic and pharmacological activities . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Trp 53 and Tyr 103 most likely participate in hydrophobic stacking interactions with the ligand , while Glu 138 makes one or more important hydrogen bonds with the tetrasaccharide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two competitive PTH / PTHrP receptor antagonists , 10 micromol / l [ Leu ( 11 ) , d Trp ( 12 ) ] hPTHrP ( 7 34 ) amide and 10 micromol / l [ Nle ( 8 , 18 ) , Tyr ( 34 ) ] bPTH ( 3 34 ) amide , were equipotent in antagonizing hPTH ( 1 34 ) stimulated NO release ; [ Leu ( 11 ) , d Trp ( 12 ) ] hPTHrP ( 7 34 ) amide was more potent than [ Nle ( 8 , 18 ) , Tyr ( 34 ) ] bPTH ( 3 34 ) amide in inhibiting hPTHrP ( 1 34 ) stimulated NO release . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus five residues ( Gly , Pro , Tyr , Trp , Phe ) and three residues ( Pro , Tyr , Phe ) were found more frequently than expected before and after cis prolines respectively , whereas five residues ( Val , Ile , Leu , Asp , Thr ) and two residues ( Asp , Glu ) were found less frequently . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A detailed pharmacological analysis of receptor mutants possessing either increased constitutive activity or impaired activation or ligand recognition allowed us to propose key residues participating in intramolecular interaction networks stabilizing receptor inactive or active conformations : Asn ( 113 ) and Tyr ( 115 ) ( TM 3 ) , Trp ( 256 ) and Phe ( 259 ) ( TM 6 ) , Tyr ( 295 ) ( TM 7 ) which are homologous of the rhodopsin residues Gly ( 120 ) , Glu ( 122 ) , Trp ( 265 ) , Tyr ( 268 ) , and Lys ( 296 ) , respectively . ^^^ Molecular modeling and mutagenesis data showed that Trp ( 256 ) and Tyr ( 295 ) constitute , together with Gln ( 288 ) , receptor contact points with original nonpeptidic ligands . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In L 1 alanine mutants of Asp ( 8 ) , Asn ( 11 ) , Tyr ( 28 ) , His ( 30 ) , Leu ( 33 ) , Leu ( 56 ) , Phe ( 58 ) , Arg ( 59 ) , and Trp ( 79 ) produced a 2 to 10 fold decrease in affinity and alanine mutation of Phe ( 90 ) resulted in a 23 fold decrease in affinity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The second is physiologic and metabolic , and reveals that the ingestion of foods , on either an acute ( single meal ) or chronic basis , can reliably modify the uptake of TRP and TYR into brain ( and hypothalamus ) , and directly alter the synthesis of their transmitters ( 5 HT and the catecholamines , respectively ) . ^^^ The synthesis of these two bodies of information has led to models by which ( 1 ) changes in dietary carbohydrate ingestion , by modifying brain TRP uptake and 5 HT production , may cause like changes in 5 HT release , and in the stimulation of 5 HT receptors in brain circuits that control carbohydrate appetite , and ( 2 ) dietary protein intake , by altering brain TYR uptake , directly influences DA and NE synthesis ( notably in hypothalamus ) , perhaps providing a signal to brain circuits monitoring dietary protein adequacy regarding protein intake . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These PCaM ( ( 1 75 ) ) sequences naturally contain 5 Phe residues but no Tyr or Trp ; calcium binding was monitored by observing the reduction in intrinsic phenylalanine fluorescence at 280 nm . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ligand binding site consists of residues Trp 35 , Tyr 8 and Asp 23 , which are conserved in all fungal dockerins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because the natural diet of rats , the animal model most commonly used in such studies , typically contains between 6 % and 14 % protein , and may contain less under unfavorable environmental circumstances , rats in the wild may frequently operate on the portion of the protein intake curve producing maximal changes in brain TYR ( and perhaps TRP ) concentrations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The kinetic analyses of Phe 286 replaced variants showed that the variants with non aromatic residues , Ala ( F286A ) and Leu ( F286L ) , have lower enzymatic activities than those with aromatic residues , Tyr ( F286Y ) and Trp ( F286W ) , and the replacement of Phe 286 affects enzymatic activities for CDs more than those for starch . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In high energy collisions ( 50 keV ) between O 2 and protonated amino acids AH+ , radical dications AH2+ * are formed for A = Phe , His , Met , Tyr , and Trp . ^^^ When solvated by water or acetonitrile ( S ) , AH2+ * ( S ) 1 , 2 are formed for A = Arg , His , Met , Tyr , and Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One aryl binding region is located in close proximity to the zinc ion and is defined by the aromatic side chains of Tyr 300beta , Trp 303beta , Tyr 361beta , and Tyr 365beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We utilized the PTHrP analog , [ Bpa ( 2 ) , Ile ( 5 ) , Trp ( 23 ) , Tyr ( 36 ) ] PTHrP ( 1 36 ) amide ( Bpa ( 2 ) PTHrP ( 1 36 ) ) , which has valine 2 replaced by p benzoyl l phenylalanine ( Bpa ) ; this substitution renders the peptide a photoreactive inverse agonist at hP1R ( CAM HR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The influence of amino acid side chains [ derived from : Ala , Val , Leu , Ile , Phe , Tyr ( Bzl ) , Ser ( Bzl ) , Thr ( Bzl ) , Pro , Trp ] , incorporated into `` aminoalkyl ' ' part of PNA monomers , on the temperature dependent distributions of rotamers about the tertiary amide bond was studied by means of 1H NMR at 0 , 25 and 40 degrees C in CDCl 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the existence of these interactions and to explore their possible role in constraining the structures of Pro Xaa and Xaa Pro fragments in proteins , a database search was performed in a non redundant set of proteins from the Brookheaven Protein Data Bank for pi CH and Ar HN interactions in Pro Xaa and Xaa Pro fragments ( where Xaa is either Phe , Tyr or Trp ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the intramolecular distance between the two helices of the transmembrane procoat protein by measuring fluorescence resonance energy transfer ( FRET ) between the donor ( Tyr ) placed in one helix and the acceptor ( Trp ) placed in the other helix . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These movements reorient the side chains of Trp ( 136 ) and Tyr ( 190 ) for the optimal binding and alignment of the phosphocholine moiety . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The unusual presence of an aromatic amino acid at position 47 ( Tyr in 1 A and Trp in 1 B ) explains the strong preference for alpha anomeric sugars in both isolectins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The MUSIC sequence is combined with selective excitation pulses to create experiments for Trp ( W HSQC ) as well as Phe , Tyr , and His ( FYH HSQC ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The approximately 150 fold higher O ( 2 ) affinity of Ascaris hemoglobin compared with that for Tyr ( B 10 ) / Gln ( E 7 ) containing myoglobin mutants appears to be the result of favorable proximal effects in the Ascaris protein , due to a staggered orientation of His ( F 8 ) , the lack of a hydrogen bonding lattice between the F 4 , F 7 , and F 8 residues , and the presence of a large polar Trp ( G 5 ) residue in the interior portion of the proximal heme pocket . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sequencing of chymase cleaved profilins reveals hydrolysis at Tyr ( 6 ) Val ( 7 ) and Trp ( 35 ) Ala ( 36 ) in birch profilin and at Trp ( 32 ) Ala ( 33 ) in human profilin , with all sites lying within IgE reactive epitopes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These intermediates ( most probably hydroperoxide like compounds ) would arise from the oxidation of Trp and Tyr residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Substitution of Phe 56 with Trp or Tyr increased the rate of dissociation of the complex , consistent with previously reported results . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bimolecular quenching experiments indicated that Trp , Cys , Met , and Tyr are efficient quenchers of DBO ( k ( q ) = 20 , 5 . 1 , 4 . 5 , and 3 . 6 10 10 ( 8 ) M ( 1 ) 10 s ( 1 ) in D2O ) , while the other amino acids are inefficient . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyr and Trp residues on the surface may also contribute by interacting with the carbonyl groups of the acyl chains of target membranes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We prepared ten analogues that were modified by the incorporation of Ala , Tyr , Trp , Met and Arg residues , which are amino acids known to be important for the antibacterial activity of longer derivatives of lactoferricins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inosine and L alanine both play major roles as cogerminants with several other amino acids acting as efficient cogerminants ( His , Pro , Trp , and Tyr combining with L alanine and Ala , Cys , His , Met , Phe , Pro , Ser , Trp , Tyr , and Val combining with inosine ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One site strongly distinguishes free Phe from Trp and Tyr , a specificity not observed previously . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study the actions of GLP 1 and its related peptides , exendin 4 ( GLP 1R agonist ) , exendin ( 9 39 ) ( GLP 1R antagonist ) and GLP 1 ( 9 36 ) amide ( the major GLP 1 metabolite ) on levels of serotonin ( 5 HT ) , 5 hydroxyindolacetic acid ( 5 HIAA ) and amino acids ( Glu , Asp , Gln , Gly , Tyr , Trp , GABA ) in the hypothalamus were investigated . ^^^ ICV injection of exendin 4 produced a significant reduction in the levels of 5 HT , 5 HIAA , Trp , Glu , and Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
UVRR difference spectroscopy using 244 nm excitation reveals changes to the tyrosine ( Tyr ) and tryptophan ( Trp ) residues of both proteins upon complex formation . ^^^ Avidin has four Trp and only one Tyr residue , while streptavidin has eight Trp and six Tyr residues . ^^^ The Trp and Tyr band changes are due to the exclusion of water and addition of biotin , resulting in a more hydrophobic environment for the binding site residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to characterize the important amino acid residues in transglycosylation of EGI , three Tyr , one Leu , and two Glu residues of EGI were replaced by Trp or Asp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A most important observation was that , whereas no enzyme activity could be detected when Trp 241 was replaced with Ala or Gln , partial preservation of catalytic activity was seen with substitutions by Tyr > Phe > His . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tetrapeptides studied here are H RGDX OH ( 10 = Trp , Tyr , Phe , Leu , Val , Cys , Gln , and Ser ) , which show the inhibitory activity for binding of fibrinogen to platelets in the order of RGDW approximately equal to RGDY approximately equal to RGDF approximately equal to RGDL > RGDV > or = RGDC > or = RGDQ > or = RGDS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The identification of key antigenic residues within these two epitopes revealed that several of them are well conserved in the amino acid sequences of the three main toxins ( Ts 2 , Ts 4 and Ts 7 ) from the venom : Glu 3 , Tyr 5 , Asp 8 , Asp 50 , Trp 55 and Lys 61 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine whether such contacts influence the dNTP binding pocket , we performed a limited vertical scanning mutagenesis ( Phe > Ala , Leu , Trp , or Tyr ) at Phe ( 61 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Role of Trp ( 57 ) and Tyr ( 94 ) . ^^^ PCC 7119 in complex formation and electron transfer ( ET ) with its natural partners , photosystem 1 ( PSI ) and ferredoxin NADP ( + ) reductase ( FNR ) , was examined in mutants of the key residues Trp ( 57 ) and Tyr ( 94 ) . ^^^ Overall , our data indicate that Trp ( 57 ) and Tyr ( 94 ) do not play any active role in flavodoxin redox reactions providing a path for the electrons but are rather involved in setting an appropriate structural and electronic environment that modulates in vivo ET from PSI to FNR while providing a tight FMN binding . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The presence in the P ' 1 position relative to the LysArg doublet of either Phe , Tyr or Trp residues affects only pro OT / Np ( 7 15 ) flexibility . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The third axis of the analysis discriminated the usage of Phe , Tyr , Trp ( aromatic residues ) plus Cys , Met , and His . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Replacing Trp ( 61 ) with another aromatic residue [ Trp ( 61 ) > Tyr ( W61Y ) ] resulted in an increase in all activities ( 14 157 % ) , whereas replacing it with an aliphatic residue [ Trp ( 61 ) > Gly ( W61G ) ] caused a dramatic loss of LCAT ( 90 % ) and PLA ( 2 ) ( 82 % ) activities , but not the esterase activity ( 5 % ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Information transfer by agonist was controlled in residue 356 Galpha ( 11 ) mutants with rank order Tyr > Phe > Trp > Ile > Ala = Gln = Arg > Ser > Asp , although these alterations did not alter the binding affinity of either phenylephrine or an antagonist ligand . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A novel water soluble peptide shelled dendrimer containing a poly ( L glutamic acid ) segment grafted on the third generation poly ( amido amine ) dendrimer was successfully synthesized , and its secondary structural properties and interaction with alpha amino acids ( Trp , Phe , and Tyr ) were revealed by spectroscopic measurements . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , Trp 143 of helix D was mutated to His , Phe , Tyr and Pro and these mutants , along with a W143A mutant previously described , were studied to determine the effects on activation of DNA synthesis and binding affinity to IL 7R positive 2E8 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Comparing mammalian GnRH , avian GnRH and piscine GnRH , sGnRH and sGnRH A showed the highest potency in increasing GH mRNA level and GH release , followed by cGnRH 2 ( [ His ( 5 ) , Tyr ( 8 ) ] LHRH ) , and finally LHRH and LHRH A ( [ D Trp ( 6 ) , Pro ( 9 ) ] LHRH ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Quercetin can also repair freely circulating oxidized molecules with repair efficiencies falling to 7 % for oxidized Trp , Tyr and alpha MSH and to less than 2 % for urate radical . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Modifications identified in the crystallin proteins included Ser , Thr , and Tyr phosphorylation , Arg and Lys methylation , Lys acetylation , and Met , Tyr , and Trp oxidations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The modification order was Tyr > Met = Cys > Lys > Ile + Leu > Gly > Pro = Phe > Thr + Ala > Trp = Ser > Arg > Asp + Glu , with 42 mol of modified residues per initial mole of native enzyme . ^^^ The order of the modified residues was Tyr > Cys > Trp > Met His > Ile + Leu > Val > Arg . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The binding affinity of the purified hPTH1R was slightly lower than membrane embedded hPTH1R ( K ( d ) = 16 . 5 + / 1 . 3 versus 11 . 9 + / 1 . 9 nm ) , and the purified receptors bound rat [ Nle ( 8 , 21 ) , Tyr ( 34 ) ] PTH ( 1 34 ) NH ( 2 ) ( PTH ( 1 34 ) ) , and rat [ Ile ( 5 ) , Trp ( 23 ) , Tyr ( 36 ) ] PTHrP ( 5 36 ) NH ( 2 ) with indistinguishable affinity . ^^^ Maximal displacement of ( 125 ) 1 PTH ( 1 34 ) binding by rat [ alpha aminoisobutyric acid ( Aib ) ( 1 , 3 ) , Nle ( 8 ) , Gln ( 10 ) , Har ( 11 ) , Ala ( 12 ) , Trp ( 14 ) , Arg ( 19 ) , Tyr ( 21 ) ] PTH ( 1 21 ) NH ( 2 ) and rat [ Aib ( 1 , 3 ) , Gln ( 10 ) , Har ( 11 ) , Ala ( 12 ) , Trp ( 14 ) ] PTH ( 1 14 ) NH ( 2 ) of 80 and 10 % , respectively , indicates that both N terminal and juxtamembrane ligand binding determinants are functional in the purified hPTH1R . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When relatively long with respect to the thickness of the bilayer , the peptides that are flanked by the aromatic side chains , Trp , Tyr , and Phe , all induce a significant ordering of the lipid acyl chains , while the peptides flanked by the charged residues Lys , Arg , and His do not . ^^^ Peptides flanked by Trp , Tyr , Lys , or ( at low pH ) His residues are effective in inducing mismatch relieving cubic and inverted hexagonal phases , while analogues flanked by Phe , Arg , or ( at neutral pH ) His residues can not induce an inverted hexagonal phase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since tryptophan prototrophy could also be restored by ochre suppressor mutations at the anticodon sites in the genes for tRNA ( Glu ) ( glnU ) , tRNA ( Lys ) ( lysT ) and tRNA ( Tyr ) ( tyrT , tyrU ) , the Trp ( + ) reversion system with E . coli WP2uvrA detected five types of base substitutions , A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Proteins , and Cys , Met , Trp , Tyr and His side chains in particular , are major targets for 1O2 as a result of their abundance and high rate constants for reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The UVRR spectra indicated appreciable changes of Trp but not of Tyr upon CO binding to the alpha subunit at pH 9 . 0 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Replacement of Trp 33 with the hydrophobic residues Leu and Phe had marginal effects on activity , whereas replacement with the more polar Tyr and Arg reduced activity 10 20 and 500 1000 times , respectively , indicating that Trp 33 and the C terminal part of the helix interact with the hydrophobic core of the membrane . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Site directed mutagenesis of the amino acid residues that are likely to form the active site cavity revealed that the aromatic ring of Tyr ( 224 ) is essential for RppA to select malonyl CoA as a starter substrate , since substitution of Tyr ( 224 ) by amino acids other than Phe and Trp abolished the ability of RppA to accept malonyl CoA as a starter , whereas the mutant enzymes Y224F and Y224W were capable of synthesizing THN via the malonyl CoA primed reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ligand induced quaternary structural changes of Tyr and Trp residues did not take place in a concerted way and were different between alpha ( Ni ) beta ( CO ) and alpha ( CO ) beta ( Ni ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the four phenylalanines known to interact with the TATA box were substituted with hydrophilic residues ( His ( 77 ) , Arg ( 94 ) , Tyr ( 171 ) , Thr ( 188 ) ) as has been described for TBP like factors ( TLF ) / TBP related proteins ( TRP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Molar absorptivities of proteinase K digests at 56 degrees C can be predicted by using the following equation : epsilon ( M ) ( 280 ) =5318 10 ( No . of Trp ) + 1227 10 ( No . of Tyr ) + 133 10 ( No . of Cys Cys ) . ^^^ The accuracy of determination does not depend on the size of the protein , Trp / Tyr ratio , presence or absence of certain chromophores , or other structural factors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Quercetin can also repair freely circulating oxidized molecules with repair efficiencies falling to 7 % for oxidized * Trp , Tyr and alpha MSH and to less than 2 % for urate radical . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Twenty seven Trp residues constitute major primary sites of oxidation , but two thirds of oxidized Trps ( ( * ) Trp ) that are formed are repaired by intramolecular electron transfer from Tyr residues with formation of phenoxyl radicals ( TyrO ( * ) ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyr ( 6 ) , Tyr ( 10 ) , Tyr ( 89 ) , Tyr ( 164 ) , and Trp ( 172 ) are proposed as substrate binding residues , a finding consistent with structural sequence alignments of family 11 xylanases and with the three dimensional structure of the A . niger xylanase in complex with the modeled xylobiose . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The stimulatory effect of the combined amino acids on bacterial growth declined when each of Leu , Trp , Tyr , Glu , Met , Phe , and Val was removed from the original group of 20 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We predict that the conserved portion of Sds 22 folds into a curved superhelix and demonstrate that mutation to alanine of any of eight residues ( Asp ( 148 ) , Phe ( 170 ) , Glu ( 192 ) , Phe ( 214 ) , Asp ( 280 ) , Glu ( 300 ) , Trp ( 302 ) , or Tyr ( 327 ) ) at the concave surface of this superhelix thwarts the interaction with PP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The purified enzyme was rich in Ala , Ser , Leu , and Ile , but poor in Trp , Pro , Tyr , and Met . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 54 amino acids of apisimin do not include Cys , Met , Pro , Arg , His , Tyr , and Trp residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the mechanisms of the pigment pattern formation of plumage and clarify the roles of the Bh locus in the pattern formation , we examined the expression pattern of genes relating to melanocyte development ( Mitf , MelEM antigen , Kitl , Kit and EdnrB 2 ) and melanin pigment production ( Dct , Tyrp 1 , Tyr and Mmp 115 ) in Bh mutant and wild type embryos throughout development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A capillary electrophoresis ( CE ) method for the simultaneous separation of 11 metabolically important organic acids ( oxalic , formic , citric , succinic , orotic , uric , acetic , pyruvic , propionic , lactic , and butyric ) , 10 amino acids ( Asp , Glu , Tyr , Gly , Ala , Ser , Leu , Phe , Lys , and Trp ) , and lactose has been optimized , validated , and tested in dairy products . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Though mutation of this position had only a small effect on the extent of cross linking , it was discovered that peptides containing Trp or Tyr gave a distinctive pattern of products in gels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , the role of a highly conserved Trp residue at position 1242 on MRP 3 transport function was examined by expressing wild type MRP 3 and Ala , Cys , Phe , Tyr , and Pro substituted mutants in human embryonic kidney 293T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
More conservative substitutions ( Tyr and Phe ) of the Trp ( 445 ) , Trp ( 553 ) , and Trp ( 1198 ) mutants resulted in substrate selective retention of transport in some cases ( Trp ( 445 ) and Trp ( 1198 ) ) but not others ( Trp ( 553 ) ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosine ( Tyr ) , phenylalanine ( Phe ) , tryptophan ( Trp ) and other related compounds in both supernatants and hydrolyzates of all incubations were analyzed by HPLC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ab initio calculations are used to compare the abilities of the aromatic groups of the Phe , Tyr , Trp , and His amino acids ( modeled respectively by benzene , phenol , indole , and imidazole ) to form H bonds of three different types . ^^^ His forms the strongest such H bond , followed by Tyr , and then by Trp . ^^^ The strengths of H bonds in this category follow the trend Trp > His > Tyr approximately Phe . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hydrophobic clustering of the side chains of Tyr ( 4 ) , Phe ( 5 ) , Ile ( 8 ) , and Trp ( 10 ) is observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human urotensin 2 ( hU 2 ; H Glu Thr Pro Asp cyclo [ Cys Phe Trp Lys Tyr Cys ] Val OH ) is a disulfide bridged undecapeptide recently identified as the ligand of an orphan G protein coupled receptor . hU 2 has been described as the most potent vasoconstrictor compound identified to date . ^^^ The most active peptide , H Asp cyclo [ Orn Phe Trp Lys Tyr Asp ] Val OH ( 3 ) , is approximately 2 logs less potent than hU 2 ( pD ( 2 ) =6 . 3 vs 8 . 4 ) . ^^^ A superposition of the calculated structures of hU 2 and 3 clearly shows that three out of four key residues ( i . e . , Phe ( 6 ) , Lys ( 8 ) and Tyr ( 9 ) ) maintain the same side chain orientation , while the fourth one , Trp ( 7 ) , can not be superimposed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
LS binds L phenylalanine but the mutation from Trp to Tyr or Phe disallows this ligand and expands the binding repertoire to L isoleucine and L valine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The role of putative active site residues , Tyr ( 72 ) , Tyr ( 120 ) , Glu ( 176 ) , Arg ( 179 ) , and Trp ( 208 ) , and two invariant residues , Tyr ( 16 ) and Arg ( 24 ) , proposed to be important for structural stability of saporin 6 , has been investigated in its catalytic and cytotoxic activity . ^^^ We show that for the RNA N glycosidase activity of saporin 6 , residues Tyr ( 16 ) , Tyr ( 72 ) , and Arg ( 179 ) are absolutely critical ; Tyr ( 120 ) and Glu ( 176 ) can be partially dispensed with , whereas Trp ( 208 ) and Arg ( 24 ) do not appear to be involved in this activity . ^^^ The residues Tyr ( 72 ) , Tyr ( 120 ) , Glu ( 176 ) , Arg ( 179 ) , and Trp ( 208 ) were found to be essential for the genomic DNA fragmentation activity , whereas residues Tyr ( 16 ) and Arg ( 24 ) do not appear to be required for the DNA fragmentation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Substance P ( SP ) analogue ( [ d Arg ( 1 ) , d Phe ( 5 ) , d Trp ( 7 , 11 ) ] SP ) blocked , and the hGHRH receptor antagonist ( ( Phenylac Tyr ( 1 ) , d Arg ( 2 ) , p chloro Phe ( 6 ) , Homoarg ( 9 ) , Tyr ( Me ) ( 10 ) , Abu ( 15 ) , Nle ( 27 ) , d Arg ( 28 ) , Homoarg ( 29 ) ) GRF ( 1 29 ) amide ) decreased the stimulatory effect of hGHRH . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , larger aromatic residues Phe , Trp and Tyr are reduced in folds , and these results were not affected by low complexity biases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human LAT 1 mediated transport of [ ( 125 ) 1 ] IMT . [ ( 125 ) 1 ] IMT uptake was decreased by the presence of L isomers of Cys , Leu , Ileu , Phe , Met , Tyr , His , Trp and Val and D isomers of Leu , Phe and Met . ^^^ Human LAT 1 mediated [ ( 125 ) 1 ] IMT uptake was highly stereoselective for the L isomers of Tyr , His , Trp , Val and Ileu . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , intensity increases of the Trp and Tyr Raman bands suggest that the interaction is mediated by hydrophobic contacts and / or hydrogen bond formation with both Trp and Tyr residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The r A2PICmut , with a C terminal Ala residue , also interacts with r K 1 and K 4 , although with approximately 5 fold lesser affinities relative to r A2PIC , demonstrating that while Lys ( 452 ) plays a major role in the binding , internal residues in r A2PIC tether the kringles . ( 1 ) H NMR spectroscopy shows that key aromatic residues within the K 4 lysine binding site ( LBS ) , namely , Trp ( 25 ) , Trp ( 62 ) , Phe ( 64 ) , Trp ( 72 ) , and Tyr ( 74 ) , selectively respond to the addition of r A2PIC and r A2PICmut , indicating that these interactions proceed via the kringles ' canonical LBS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This catalytic effect of Calix Sn was not observed for the methanolysis of Phe , Tyr , and Trp substrates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report time resolved optical measurements of the primary electron transfer reactions in Rhodobacter capsulatus reaction centers ( RCs ) having four mutations : Phe ( L 181 ) > Tyr , Tyr ( M 208 ) > Phe , Leu ( M 212 ) > His , and Trp ( M 250 ) > Val ( denoted YFHV ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
With the use of long timescale MD simulations in explicit water , we show the role of diagonal interactions in driving the peptide to the correct folded structure ( formation of the hydrophobic core with Trp 2 , Tyr 4 , and Phe 9 in the first stages of refolding ) and in keeping it in the ensemble of folded conformations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Aromatic oxygen or nitrogen containing side chains ( Tyr , His , and Trp ) and sulfur containing side chains ( Cys and Met ) are seldom found in the second coordination layer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The permeabilities ( 10 ( 9 ) cm / s ) of glucose transporter ( GLUT 1 ) proteoliposomes were estimated to be 4 . 6 , 1 . 0 , 1 . 4 and 2 . 1 for D glucose , L glucose , L Tyr and L Trp , respectively ; 15 , 3 . 3 , 5 . 1 and 2 . 1 times higher than the corresponding permeabilities of liposomes . ^^^ These values indicated that GLUT 1 did not transport Tyr or Trp , or transported Tyr , and only Tyr , slowly . ^^^ Dihydrocytochalasin B inhibited the transport of Tyr and , partially , Trp into human red blood cells ( centrifugal analyses ) . ^^^ It did not inhibit Tyr and Trp influx into GLUT 1 proteoliposomes , but partitioned strongly into the bilayers and seemed to make them fragile . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Monosubstitutions of Tyr ( 4 ) and Trp ( 6 ) with alanine resulted in a 10 fold reduction in affinity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The most stable CPA glyoxyl derivative could be efficiently used in the hydrolysis of long chain peptides at high temperature ( e . g . , 60 degrees C ) , being able to release 2 fold more aromatic amino acids ( Tyr , Phe , and Trp ) than the soluble enzyme , under the same operational conditions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro inhibitory potency was good ( in the low nanomolar range ) for the derivatives of : amino benzoic acids , beta phenyl serine , alpha phenyl glycine , for those incorporating hydroxy and mercapto amino acids ( Ser , Thr , Cys and Met ) , hydrophobic amino acids ( Val , Leu , Ile ) , aromatic amino acids ( Phe , His , Trp , Tyr ; DOPA ) ; dicarboxylic amino acids as well as di / tri / tetrapeptides among others . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Exchanging the amino acid of Phe , Trp , or Tyr in this newly identified signature motif cluster may influence these peptides to interact with AR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The nonpolar face of each fucose residue is stacked against the aromatic ring of a Trp or Tyr amino acid , and the methyl group is located in a highly hydrophobic pocket . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tablets of Ketosteril contain five essential amino acids like : Lys , His , Thr , Trp , Tyr and another five amino acids in the form of their hydroxy and keto analogues as calcium salts , that are : alpha ketoleucine , alpha ketoisoleucine , alpha ketovaline , alpha ketophenylalanine and alpha hydroxymethionine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The essence of this method is to introduce a fluorescent residue ( Tyr or Trp ) in a position adjacent to the isomerizing proline ( if one is not already present ) and to eliminate the fluorescence of other such residues adjacent to prolines by mutating them to phenylalanine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recent work on the identification of reactive peroxide intermediates formed on Tyr , His , and Trp residues is discussed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tripeptides containing Trp or Tyr residues at the C terminus had strong radical scavenging activities , but very weak peroxynitrite scavenging activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In autophagic proteolysis , several amino acids have a direct regulatory potential : Leu , Gln , Tyr , Phe , Pro , Met , Trp and His in the liver , and Leu in the skeletal muscle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutation of Tyr ( 79 ) , situated near Cu ( A ) , to Trp reduced 5 ( max ) 200 fold . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Site directed mutagenesis was applied to modify phenylalanines ( Phe ( 475 ) Trp , Phe ( 548 ) Tyr , and both ) to generate mutants on the basis of molecular modeling of the ATP binding domain of Na ( + ) / K ( + ) ATPase , in order to characterize the forces that stabilize ATP in its binding pocket . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of single Trp to Tyr mutations on O acetylserine sulfhydrylase structure , function , and stability was investigated with a variety of spectroscopic techniques . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have analyzed the geometry of interaction of His residues with nine other planar side chains containing aromatic ( residues Phe , Tyr , Trp , and His ) , carboxylate ( Asp and Glu ) , carboxamide ( Asn and Gln ) and guanidinium ( Arg ) groups in 432 polypeptide chains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The resulting energy function ( IMM 1 ) reproduces the preference of Trp and Tyr for the membrane interface , gives reasonable energies of insertion into or adsorption onto a membrane , and allows stable 1 ns MD simulations of the glycophorin A dimer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
High resolution affinity panning coupled with mass spectrometric readout allows for quick identification of Trp as the preferred fourth residue in the decapeptide ligand APTWSPPPPP , which binds to Abl SH 3 four times stronger than does the decapeptide containing Tyr or Phe in the fourth position . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MCT 8 did not transport Leu , Phe , Trp , or Tyr . [ 125I ] T 4 transport was strongly inhibited by L T 4 , D T 4 , L T 3 , D T 3 , 3 , 3 ' , 5 triiodothyroacetic acid , N bromoacetyl T 3 , and bromosulfophthalein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A novel method for the biosynthesis of deuterated proteins with selective protonation at the aromatic rings of Phe , Tyr and Trp . ^^^ A novel biosynthetic strategy is described for the preparation of deuterated proteins containing protons at the ring carbons of Phe , Tyr and Trp , using the aromatic amino acid precursor shikimic acid . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Direct sequencing analysis of PCR products from his factor 11 gene revealed a G to T transversion in exon 12 , resulting in the nonsense mutation ( Glu447Stop ) and a G insertion in five consecutive guanine nucleotides ( ( 501 ) Trp ( TGG ) ( 502 ) Gly ( GGG ) ) in exon 13 that is expected to lead to the substitution of the last 105 amino acids ( ( 503 ) Tyr ( 607 ) Val ) with 32 abnormal amino acid residues ( ( 503 ) Val ( 534 ) Thr ) followed by stop codon . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cys , Val , Ile , Tyr , Trp and Phe can form a large number of long range contacts easily , and Glu , Lys , Asp , Gln , Arg and Asn can form a large number of long range contacts , but with difficulty . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In C . reinhardtii a Tyr is found at position PsaB 659 instead of a Trp present in all other organisms , whereas in Synechocystis a Phe is found instead of a Trp at the homologous position PsaA 679 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we made additional single mutations such as 219 Ser , Cys , Ile , Asp , Arg , Tyr , and Trp . ^^^ The larger side chains of the replacement residues produced the greatest reduction in enhancement of GABA currents by 4 anesthetics at clinical concentrations ( Trp > Tyr = Phe > Arg > Asp > Ile > Cys > Ser = wild type ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
General comparison of the amino acid composition with mammalian APs showed that cod AP contains fewer Cys , Leu , Met and Ser , but proportionally more Asn , Asp , Ile , Lys , Trp and Tyr residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A set of mutants , in which all Phe residues are replaced by either Ile , Leu , Trp , or Tyr was used to investigate the role of these amino acids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recoveries of Tyr , Met , Val , Leu , Ile , Phe and Trp when added to human plasma ( 1 micromol / 10 ml plasma , n=5 ) were 101 . 5+ / 1 . 1 , 99 . 0+ / 1 . 2 , 98 . 0+ / 1 . 4 , 101 . 1+ / 1 . 6 , 95 . 1+ / 1 . 6 , 99 . 2+ / 1 . 5 and 97 . 7+ / 1 . 3 % ( mean+ / S . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , the surface of the rCC PPP molecule is characterized by a hydrophobic pocket , comprising the 90 loop ( Phe ( 90 ) Val ( 99 ) ) , Tyr ( 172 ) , and Trp ( 215 ) residues , which might be involved in the fibrinogen clotting activity of rCC PPP . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The novel allele , designated Cw * 1606 , differs from Cw * 1601 by two nucleotide changes at positions 361 ( T to A ) and 368 ( A to C ) in exon 3 , which leads to two amino acid changes from Trp ( TGG ) to Arg ( AGG ) and from Tyr ( TAT ) to Ser ( TCT ) at codons 97 and 99 in the alpha 2 domain , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Concentration response curves for tryptamine ( TRP ) , tyramine ( TYR ) , phenylethylamine ( PEA ) , isoamylamine ( IAA ) , and isobutylamine ( IBA ) were obtained . ^^^ Vasoconstrictor mechanisms were investigated for TRP and TYR by the use of antagonists . ^^^ RESULTS : TRP , TYR , and PEA were potent constrictors of arteries and veins , with TRP and TYR being more potent in veins than arteries . ^^^ Constrictions induced by TYR were inhibited by benextramine ( alpha antagonist ) and nisoxetine ( neuronal uptake blocker ) , whereas TRP responses were inhibited by ketanserin ( 5 HT receptor antagonist ) . ^^^ All 5 amines displaced 5 HT from platelets with the order of potency being TYR > TRP > PEA > IAA > IBA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma serotonin concentration was measured by HPLC , and tryptamine ( TRP ) , tyramine ( TYR ) , phenylethylamine ( PEA ) , and isoamylamine ( IAA ) were measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry . ^^^ Plasma TRP , TYR , PEA , and IAA concentrations ranged from 10pM to 100nM in both groups of ponies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Alcalase was observed to have a high specificity for aromatic ( Phe , Trp , and Tyr ) , acidic ( Glu ) , sulfur containing ( Met ) , aliphatic ( Leu and Ala ) , hydroxyl ( Ser ) , and basic ( Lys ) residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to the similarities in biological activity , molecular size and basicity between echotoxin 2 and actinoporins , two prominent structural features , an N terminal amphiphilic alpha helix and an aromatic patch comprising Trp and Tyr residues , both of which are important for the pore forming activity of actinoporins , are also recognized in echotoxin 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three conserved Trp residues and one non conserved Tyr residue , shown previously to be of functional importance ( Koike , K . , Oleschuk , C . ^^^ A fifth aromatic residue ( Phe 594 ) was identified that , with the Trp and Tyr residues , completed a ring or `` basket ' ' of aromatic amino acids and , accordingly , we postulated that it would also be of functional importance . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This notion is further supported by the observation that transition state stabilizing side chains of Tyr and His that operate in some serine and metalloproteases only partially substituted for Trp . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the mechanism of calcium dependent membrane association and obtained the following results . ( 1 ) Membrane binding of 15 lipoxygenase 1 involves electrostatic forces as well as hydrophobic interactions of solvent exposed apolar amino acids ( Tyr ( 15 ) , Phe ( 70 ) , Leu ( 71 ) , Trp ( 181 ) , and Leu ( 195 ) ) with the hydrophobic core of membrane phospholipids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although the 11R oxygenation was not perturbed , changing Leu 384 ( into Phe , Trp ) , Trp 387 ( Phe , Tyr ) , Phe 518 ( Ile , Trp , Tyr ) , and Gly 526 ( Ala , Ser , Thr , Val ) impaired or abrogated PGG 2 synthesis , and typically 11R HETE was the main product formed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The CM activity of this protein complex is feedback inhibited by Tyr and Phe , while DS 1 activity is mainly inhibited by Trp . ^^^ These were characterized as regulatory mutants , derepressed in ( a ) synthesis of CM , now occurring as an abundant , feedback inhibition resistant , separate protein , and ( b ) synthesis of an alternative DAHP synthase ( DS 2 , an E . coli type DAHP synthase ) , only inhibited by Tyr and Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Most of the concentrations vary in a range of 1 . 7 to 3 . 7 microM for Trp and 6 . 6 to 13 . 7 microM for Tyr , which is in the range observed in the literature . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two protein based radical intermediates were also detected and identified as a Tyr . and a Trp . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The discriminative feature of N glycolyl GM 3 versus N acetyl GM 3 , its hydroxymethyl group , is positioned in a hydrophilic cavity , forming hydrogen bonds with the carboxyl group of Asp H 52 , the indole NH of Trp H 33 and the hydroxyl group of Tyr H 50 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Trp , Phe , and Tyr ethyl esters and their dipeptides with Gly at the C terminals inhibited ovalbumin ( OVA ) permeation through Caco 2 monolayers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Substitution of Phe 393 by Ala , His , Tyr , and Trp has allowed us to modulate the reduction potential of the heme , while retaining the structural integrity of the enzyme ' s active site . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Site specific rate constants for the gas phase hydrogen / deuterium ( H / D ) exchange of four , three , five and five hydrogen atoms in protonated phenylalanine ( Phe ) , proline ( Pro ) , tyrosine ( Tyr ) and tryptophan ( Trp ) , respectively , were determined from matrix assisted laser desorption / ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry ( MALDI FTICRMS ) experiments with D ( 2 ) O , D ( 2 ) S , and CH ( 3 ) OD as deuterating agents . ^^^ Also , with both reagents , all compounds exchange at the COOH site more than ten times faster than at the protonation site , with OH and NH sites of Tyr and Trp , respectively , exchanging slowest . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The most stabilizing residues at N 3 in rank order are Ala , Glu , Met / Ile , Leu , Lys , Ser , Gln , Thr , Tyr , Phe , Asp , His , and Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In EP 2 , the ability to stimulate cAMP formation was lost by mutation of Tyr ( 143 ) into Ala but retained by mutations into Phe , Trp , and Leu . ^^^ Consistent with this observation , substitution of the equivalent His ( 140 ) enabled EP3beta to stimulate cAMP formation with the rank order of Phe > Tyr > Trp > Leu . ^^^ Simultaneous mutation of the adjacent Trp ( 141 ) to Ala but not at the following Tyr ( 142 ) weakened the acquired ability to stimulate cAMP levels in the EP 3 mutant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We identified numerous SNPs , haplotypes , and diplotypes ( diploid pairs of haplotypes ) within the OCA 2 , MYO5A , TYRP 1 , AIM , DCT , and TYR genes and the CYP1A2 15q22 ter , CYP1B1 2p21 , CYP2C8 10q23 , CYP2C9 10q24 , and MAOA Xp11 . 4 regions as significantly associated with iris colors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The bead based peptide library was composed of the general sequence H ( 2 ) N Ala ( 30 ) ( 6 ) Ala resin , where 30 was one of nine representative amino acids : Asp , Gly , His , Leu , Lys , Pro , Ser , Trp , and Tyr . ^^^ All five of the fluorogenic sequences were ionic ; lacked Tyr , His , and Leu ; and most of the sequences contained only one Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chromatographic profiles analyzed by principal components showed that three main peaks on chromatograms , presumptively identified as Tyr , Phe , and Trp , explained most of variability . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Changes observed in the fluorescence spectra of degraded OMVs were also seen in tryptophan ( Trp ) and tyrosine ( Tyr ) derivatives incubated at 56 degrees C , indicating the occurrence of chemical degradation of tryptophan and tyrosine residues in PorA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Kinetic data is consistent with proteins being a major target for ( 1 ) O ( 2 ) , with damage occurring preferentially at Trp , His , Tyr , Met , and Cys side chains . ^^^ In the case of Trp and Tyr , initial poorly characterised endoperoxides are believed to undergo ring opening reactions to give hydroperoxides , which can be reduced to the corresponding alcohols ; other products arising from radical intermediates can also be generated , particularly in the presence of UV light and metal ions . ^^^ The peroxides formed on Trp , Tyr , and His peptides , as well as on proteins , have been shown to induce damage to other targets , with molecular oxidation of thiol residues an important reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , an extensive analysis of the aromatic Tyr 10 interactions is performed on a data set of 593 PDB structures , 10 being Phe , His , Tyr , and Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We further investigated the chi ( 1 ) effects , which were found to account for differences in ( 15 ) N chemical shifts by approximately 5 ppm for amino acids Val , Ile , Thr , Phe , His , Tyr , and Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As for X 2 amino acids , the presence of Pro , Ala can provide a strong , while Tyr , Trp , Phe and Ser a weaker , peptide antibody interaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterizing the oxidation reactions of these two acidic residues extends the number of useful side chain probes for hydroxyl radical mediated protein footprinting from 10 ( Cys , Met , Trp , Tyr , Phe , Arg , Leu , Pro , His , Lys ) to 12 amino acid residues , thus enhancing our ability to map protein surface structure and in combination with previously identified basic amino acid probes can be used to examine molecular details of protein protein interactions that are driven by electrostatics . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue transglutaminase acylation : Proposed role of conserved active site Tyr and Trp residues revealed by molecular modeling of peptide substrate binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One of the main experimental strategies used for the study of myotoxic PLA2s is the traditional chemical modification of specific amino acid residues ( His , Met , Lys , Tyr , Trp and others ) and examination of the consequent effects upon the enzymatic , toxic and pharmacological activities . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three types of regions were present in the hydrophobic core of both proteins : stabilizing clusters and destabilizing clusters , defined as three or more consecutive core residues of either stabilizing ( Leu , Ile , Val , Met , Phe , and Tyr ) or destabilizing ( Gly , Ala , Cys , Ser , Thr , Asn , Gln , Asp , Glu , His , Arg , Lys , and Trp ) residues , and intervening regions that consist of both stabilizing and destabilizing residues in the hydrophobic core but no clusters . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The highest kcat / Km values were obtained with neutral amino acid residues with large aliphatic and non polar ( Leu , Val , Ile , Met ) or aromatic ( Phe , Tyr , Trp ) side chains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To clarify this process , the formation and stability of the ferryl forms of the Tyr > Phe and Trp > Phe mutants of recombinant sperm whale myoglobin ( SwMb ) were investigated . ^^^ Replacement of Tyr 146 , Trp 7 , or Trp 14 did not significantly alter the autoreduction , indicating that these residues do not contribute to ferryl reduction despite the fact that Tyr 146 is closer to the iron than Tyr 151 or Tyr 103 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Only aromatic ( Phe , Tyr , Trp ) or negatively charged ( Glu ) residues reduce 5 ( 1b ) affinity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to confirming the importance of the widely known hydrogen bonding , we found out that cation pi interactions between adenine base and positively charged residues ( Lys and Arg ) and pi pi stacking interactions between adenine base and surrounding aromatic residues ( Phe , Tyr , Trp ) are also crucial for adenine binding in proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The second order rate constants ( 22 degrees C , pH 7 . 4 ) for reaction with protein sites vary by 8 orders of magnitude and decrease in the order Cys > Trp approximately Met approximately His approximately alpha amino > disulfide > Lys approximately Tyr > > Arg > backbone amides > Gln / Asn . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Trp 20 and Tyr 193 are involved in substrate binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since the tertiary structure of AAL was determined recently to be a six bladed beta propeller fold , and five fucose binding sites per subunit were found , based on positions of Tyr residues in the tertiary structure , three classes of mutants were constructed : 1 ) Tyr on the 2nd beta strand of each blade ( beta 2 mutants ) , 2 ) Tyr or Trp on the 3rd beta strand ( beta 3 mutants ) , and 3 ) Tyr outside of binding sites ( other Y mutants ) . ^^^ Mutagenesis of Tyr or Trp at the corresponding locations in Sites 3 and 5 did not lead to a reduction in activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The oxidation of peptide thiols by hydrogen peroxide was shown to proceed under mild conditions without noticeable side reactions of Trp , Tyr , and Met residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The electronic spectroscopic study confirms that only photosensitiser 1 is able to mediate photooxidation of model compounds ( BSA , poly ( Trp ) , Tyr , Trp , and GMP ) after light irradiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
System A transports Pro , Ala , His , Asn , Ser , and Gln ; system ASC transports Ser , Gly , Met , Val , Leu , Ile , Cys , and Thr ; system N transports Gln , His , Ser , and Asn ; Na+ LNAA transports Leu , Ile , Val , Trp , Tyr , Phe , Met , Ala , His , Thr , and Gly . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutants in which Asn 266 was changed into Phe , Gln , Trp and Tyr displayed up to twofold better catalytic efficiency ( k ( cat ) / K ( m ) ) than the wild type enzyme when adipyl 7 aminodesacetoxycephalosporanic acid ( adipyl 7 ADCA ) was used as substrate , due to a decreased K ( m ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects on virus viability and reverse transcriptase ( RT ) function of substituting Trp for Tyr or Phe residues within the polymerase domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) RT have been analyzed with an infectious HIV 1 clone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our engineered MetAPs are able to remove the Met from bulky or acidic penultimate residues , such as Met , His , Asp , Asn , Glu , Gln , Leu , Ile , Tyr , and Trp , as well as from small residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Whereas detection of the adducts with Tyr and His was expected , the adducts with Trp and Phe , and a Lys adduct containing two MIC moieties , were probably analytical artifacts resulting from the transcarbamoylation during globin hydrolysis rather than products of direct carbamoylation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The structural analysis of cation pi interaction forming residues shows that Lys , Trp , and Tyr prefer to be in the binding site of protein DNA complexes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
High resolution crystallographic structures of the Trp ( 249 ) Gly mutant and the Trp ( 314 ) Tyr mutant indicate that the mutations do not affect the overall structure of the enzyme or its interactions with ligands . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using selective amino acid reagents , we concluded that Cys , Trp , Arg and Tyr seem to play important roles in the carbarylase activity of HSA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.7313254
The murine b locus encodes the tyrosinase related protein , TRP 1 , a putative membrane bound , copper containing enzyme having about 40 % amino acid identity with tyrosinase . 0.7313254^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.56353013
TRP 1 was induced simultaneously with tyrosinase , although its inducibility was lower than that of tyrosinase . 0.56353013^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :1.2230261
In addition , TRP 1 has the ability to interact with tyrosinase and significantly stabilize the latter ' s catalytic function . . 1.2230261^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.56875995
We conclude that this mutation of the human TRP 1 gene affects its interaction with tyrosinase , resulting in dysregulation of tyrosinase activity , promotes the synthesis of brown versus black melanin , and is responsible for a third genetic type of OCA in humans , which we classify as `` OCA3 . ' ' . 0.56875995^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.58723801
Transformed yeasts producing a mutant form of bovine beta lactoglobulin ( beta LG ) , W19Y , in which Trp ( 19 ) was replaced with Tyr , were shown to secrete 6 times more than those producing wild type beta LG . 0.58723801^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.6307619
RecA consists of a C terminal domain containing two Trp and two Tyr residues , a major domain with five Tyr residues , and an N terminal domain without these residues ( R . 0.6307619^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.55520961
It is proposed that the covalent bond between Trp and Tyr may form before that between Tyr and Met . 0.55520961^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Coordinated mRNA and protein expression of human LAMP 1 in induction of melanogenesis after UV B exposure and co transfection of human tyrosinase and TRP 1 cDNAs . ^^^ In order to better understand the cascade of melanogenic events in melanocytes , this report has introduced our two recent approaches for the expression of melanogenesis / or melanosome associated genes and encoded proteins in melanocytes ( melanoma cells ) after repeated exposure to UV B and after cotransfection of two human genes , i . e . , tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) . ^^^ Repeated exposure of UV B ( 2 . 5 5 . 0 mJ / cm2 ) caused not only upregulation of tyrosinase and TRP 1 genes but also coordinated increase in the gene and protein synthesis expression of Lamp 1 ( lysosome associated membrane protein 1 ) . ^^^ When COS 7 kidney cells and amelanotic melanoma ( C 32 and SK MEL 24 ) and melanotic melanoma ( G 361 and SK MEL 23 ) cells were exposed to cotransfection of human tyrosinase and TRP 1 cDNAs , there was also an increased expression of Lamp 1 mRNA and protein along with tyrosinase activation and new melanin synthesis . ^^^ Importantly , single transfectants of human tyrosinase cDNA revealed marked cellular degeneration , whereas this degeneration was not seen in single transfectants of TRP 1 cDNA or cotransfectants of human tyrosinase and TRP 1 cDNAs , indicating that TRP 1 prevented , along with Lamp 1 , programmed death of melanocytes after transfection of tyrosinase gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using immunologic and biochemical techniques , we demonstrate that in normal mice the expression of tyrosinase and the related proteins TRP 1 and TRP 2 , rises during the first week of life , remains elevated for a week , and then steadily declines to low levels by adulthood . ^^^ Sucrose gradient density centrifugation demonstrates that tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 are present in high molecular weight forms in the eyes of wild type mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we show that the MSH induced stimulation of tyrosinase is accompanied by no significant change in the synthesis or catalytic activities of other melanogenic enzymes such as TRP 1 or TRP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We propose that one function of TRP 1 is to modulate tyrosinase activity by making DOPA available as a cofactor to perpetuate the initial steps in melanogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase production in recombinant E . coli containing trp promoter and ubiquitin sequence . ^^^ We have successfully expressed the active tyrosinase of Streptomyces antibioticus in Escherichia coli under the control of the trp promoter by fusing the sequence to the ORF 438 gene . ^^^ Because our attempt to connect the polycistronic gene of ORF 438 and tyrosinase directly to the trp promoter of E . coli resulted in the expression of functionally inactive tyrosinase , we decided to fuse the COOH terminus of ubiquitin sequence to the NH 2 terminus of ORF 438 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this paper , we describe how the 5 ' flanking sequences of the genes for tyrosinase or tyrosinase related protein 1 can be used to drive expression of complementary DNA , coding for immunity stimulating proteins or for drug activating enzymes , specifically in melanoma cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We constructed two genes specific to melanogenesis , human tyrosinase ( HT ) and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) genes , into two separate expression vectors so that the cloned genes were under the control of a human cytomegalovirus promoter and enhancer . ^^^ Specifically , HT and TRP 1 may function together via Lamp 1 by stabilizing the enzyme protein complex within the melanosome and prevent the premature death of melanocytes due to tyrosinase mediated cytotoxicity . . ^^^ Cotransfection of genes encoding human tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 prevents melanocyte death and enhances melanin pigmentation and gene expression of Lamp 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 5 , 6 dihydroxyindole 2 carboxylic acid oxidase activity of tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) . ^^^ These results suggest that TRP 1 , the product of the brown locus , is indeed a tyrosinase with DHICA oxidase activity . ^^^ In this study , we report immunological evidence indicating that LEMT corresponds to the protein encoded by the brown locus ( termed tyrosinase related protein 1 , TRP 1 ) , while HEMT corresponds to the tyrosinase encoded by the albino locus . ^^^ However , as opposed to the tyrosinase encoded by the albino locus , TRP 1 ' s role in melanogenesis could be more directly related to DHICA metabolism than to the first steps of the pathway . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , and tyrosinase related protein 2 , ( TRP 2 , dopachrome tautomerase ) were shown by immunoblotting and enzyme assays to copurify from extracts of Cloudman S 91 melanoma cells . ^^^ Antibodies to TRP 1 and TRP 2 immunoprecipitated tyrosinase activity , suggesting a stable interaction ( complex ) among these proteins . ^^^ Tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 all existed in high molecular weight `` multimers ' ' of approximately 200 to > 700 kilodaltons . ^^^ The results of this study demonstrate that the participation of tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 in a multimeric complex could have important physiologic consequences , and raise the possibility that some of the well known interactions between coat color genes may be explained by intermolecular interactions between the gene products . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cytoplasmic localization of tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 and granulophysin ( a 40 kilodalton membrane protein originally identified as a component in dense bodies of platelets ) demonstrated a prominent perinuclear accumulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treatment of human melanoma cells with non lethal doses of group 1 drugs led to a reduction in the levels of mRNA for the pigmentation genes tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 and Pmel 17 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To correlate changes in melanogenesis with the expression of melanogenic enzymes , we determined the neosynthesis rate of tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 / gp 75 ) and tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 / DOPAchrome tautomerase ) . ^^^ Here we show that UVB induced melanogenesis in NHM is related to an increased synthesis of tyrosinase and TRP 1 and to a dramatic decrease of TRP 2 expression . ^^^ RA inhibition of UVB induced melanogenesis acts at the post transcriptional level leading to a decreased tyrosinase and TRP 1 synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Goldfish tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) : deduced amino acid sequence from cDNA and comments on structural features . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This heterogeneity may be attributed to differences in the activity and expression of the three melanogenic proteins : tyrosinase and tyrosinase related proteins 1 and 2 ( gp 75 and DOPAchrome tautomerase , respectively ) , which in turn are affected by certain regulatory factors . ^^^ Tyrosinase activity and the quantities of tyrosinase enzyme , tyrosinase related protein 1 and DOPAchrome tautomerase gradually increased with increased melanin content and Percoll density of the isolated melanocyte subpopulations . ^^^ Addition of the two epidermal cytokines , tumor necrosis factor alpha or interleukin 1 alpha , to cultures of human melanocytes from different skin types caused decreased proliferation , tyrosinase activity and expression of tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 and DOPAchrome tautomerase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Role of gene expression and protein synthesis of tyrosinase , TRP 1 , lamp 1 , and CD 63 in UVB induced melanogenesis in human melanomas . ^^^ On reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoprecipitation studies , the two melanotic cell lines exhibited upregulated expression of mRNA and antigenic epitopes of tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein ( TRP 1 ; gp75 / HMSA 5 ) , and lysosomal membrane associated protein ( Lamp 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We were unable to confirm previous reports that the b protein has tyrosinase or catalase activity , but detected stereospecific dopachrome tautomerase activity in b protein expressing fibroblasts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase and TRPS ( e . g . , TRP 1 ; b locus protein identical to HMSA 5 and TRP 2 ; dopachrome tautomerase ) are synthesized according to underlying genetic programmes , and are up and / or down regulated to create various forms of abnormal melanin pigmentation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 genes have been isolated and demonstrate a high degree of similarity with their murine counterparts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have investigated the relationship in human cultured normal and malignant melanocytes between the accumulation of mRNAs encoding tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , the activity of tyrosinase and the presence of melanin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we describe experiments showing that as little as 769 base pairs of the 5 ' flanking regions of the tyrosinase , and 1 . 4 kilobase pair of the tyrosinase related protein 1 , genes are sufficient to direct expression of the beta galactosidase gene to both human and murine melanoma cells and melanocytes , while not permitting expression in a range of other cell types in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chromosomal structure of the human TYRP 1 and TYRP 2 loci and comparison of the tyrosinase related protein gene family . ^^^ The structures of the human tyrosinase related protein genes TYRP 1 and TYRP 2 have been determined and compared with that of the tyrosinase gene ( TYR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Coordinated mRNA expression of c Kit with tyrosinase and TRP 1 in melanin pigmentation of normal and malignant human melanocytes and transient activation of tyrosinase by Kit / SCF R . ^^^ WM 35 , WM 39 and G 361 cell lines , expressed the c Kit gene together with tyrosinase and TRP 1 genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DOPA negative melanocytes in the outer root sheath of human hair follicles express premelanosomal antigens but not a melanosomal antigen or the melanosome associated glycoproteins tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 . ^^^ Further immunohistochemical investigation using alpha PEP 7 , alpha PEP 1 , or TMH 1 and alpha PEP 8 antibodies revealed that outer root sheath melanocytes can not be identified by antibodies to tyrosinase , TRP 1 , or TRP 2 , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two other tyrosinase related proteins ( TRP ) are known , TRP 1 ( probably DHICAoxidase ) and TRP 2 ( DOPAchrome tautomerase ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Are tyrosinase , encoded at the albino locus , and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , encoded at the brown locus , similarly distributed in melanocytes . ^^^ We determined the subcellular distribution of tyrosinase and TRP 1 using density fractionation of postnuclear supernatants from mouse melanoma cells of defined genotype followed by immunoblotting with specific antipeptide sera . ^^^ Subcellular distribution of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 : implications for melanosomal biogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pigment production in murine melanoma cells is regulated by tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , DOPAchrome tautomerase ( TRP 2 ) , and a melanogenic inhibitor . ^^^ Using antibodies that recognize either tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , or tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 , DOPAchrome tautomerase ) , the quantities of those melanogenic enzymes were analyzed in five melanoma cell lines that possess various degrees of melanin production . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The first is the tyrosinase gene family , which is comprised of tyrosinase ( c locus ) , gp 75 ( b locus ) and DOPAchrome tautomerase ( slt locus ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of melanocyte specific transcripts using reverse transcription , combined with the polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) , demonstrated that tyrosinase , TRP 1 , TRP 2 , and microphthalmia transcripts were all absent in unpigmented whole cell hybrids and in the monochromosomal unpigmented microcell hybrid . ^^^ A pigmented subclone of this microcell hybrid , however , re expressed the tyrosinase , TRP 1 , TRP 2 , and microphthalmia genes . ^^^ Since the only fibroblast chromosome detected in the unpigmented microcell hybrid was mouse chromosome 1 , these results also suggest that the extinguisher locus affecting the expression of the tyrosinase , TRP 1 , TRP 2 , and microphthalmia genes in hybrid cells is located on that mouse chromosome ( or on a fragment of another chromosome present in the unpigmented monochromosomal microcell hybrid but undetected in our analyses ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These antigens are classified as 1 ) melanocyte specific melanosomal proteins ( MART 1 , gp 100 , tyrosinase and TRP 1 ) , 2 ) proteins expressed in testis and a variety of cancers ( MAGE 1 , MAGE 3 , BAGE and GAGE ) , 3 ) tumor specific mutated proteins ( beta catenin , MUM 1 and CDK 4 ) , and 4 ) others ( p 15 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As a model system we have used the 5 ' flanking sequences of the murine tyrosinase or tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) genes to show that such transcriptional targeting can be accomplished both in vitro and in vivo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For example , it has been shown that formation of ( HO ) 2IndCOOH from dopachrome is catalyzed by dopachrome tautomerase , that the melanogenic protein tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 can oxidize ( HO ) 2IndCOOH to its indole quinone , that ( HO ) 2IndCOOH melanins can be synthesized chemically , that mammalian melanins are naturally rich in ( HO ) 2IndCOOH subunits , and that ( HO ) 2IndCOOH is incorporated into melanins of melanomas in mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retroviral infection with human tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) cDNA upregulates tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis in a TRP 1 deficient melanoma cell line . ^^^ A human tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) cDNA was inserted into the retroviral vector , pBAbe puro . ^^^ Immunoblotting analysis with anti tyrosinase antibody ( alpha Ty SP ) demonstrated the amount of tyrosinase was slightly increased in TRP 1 overexpressing cells but slightly decreased in anti sense infectant cells . ^^^ We have demonstrated that the expression of exogenous TRP 1 cDNA melanoma cells stimulated the activity of tyrosinase and promoted melanogenesis , indicating that TRP 1 plays a role in regulating tyrosinase activity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Consistent with previous reports , tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) were not expressed by transformed cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Such antigens include MAGE 1 , MAGE 3 , MART 1 / Melan A , gp 100 , tyrosinase , the tyrosinase related antigen gp 75 , the antigen gp 15 and the mutated CDK 4 and beta catenin gene products . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results suggest that in addition to controlling tyrosinase ( albino locus ) and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TR P1 / gp75 / brown locus ) , both known to possess the DNA consensus site for binding the Microphthalmia protein , this transcription factor also controls other melanocyte specific genes such as pink eyed dilution and Pmel 17 ( silver ) , but not tyrosinase related protein 2 ( slaty locus ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine whether a correlation exists between PUVA induced melanogenesis and expression of melanogenic enzymes , we analyzed the levels of tyrosinase , DCT , and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 or gp 75 ) by western blotting in PUVA treated cells . ^^^ This study also suggests that PUVA regulates tyrosinase , DCT , and TRP 1 expression in a noncoordinate manner . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of pigment related proteins such as tyrosinase , TRP 1 , TRP 2 , Melan A / MART 1 , gp 100 , MAGE 1 or MAGE 3 was not associated with growth and metastatic characteristics of the melanoma cell lines analysed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three melanogenic factors , tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 participate in the pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To assess the function of the human homolog of Mi protein , termed microphthalmia associated transcription factor ( MITF ) , we analyzed the effects of MITF on the promoter function of the mouse tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Instead , they contained dendritic cells that express melanogenic marker proteins such as tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have suggested , based upon both genetic and biochemical evidence , that three key melanogenic proteins tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , and TRP 2 , encoded at the albino ( C ) , brown ( B ) , and slaty ( Slt ) loci , respectively form a high molecular weight `` melanogenic complex ' ' within the melanosome . ^^^ High molecular weight forms of tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 , are absent from eumelanic ocular tissues of p ( un ) / p ( un ) mice that fail to produce normal P locus transcript , even though these mice are genetically normal at the loci that regulate production of the three melanogenic proteins . ^^^ We show here that the yellow skins of mice mutant at the agouti or extension loci , as well as the nonyellow skins of pinkeyed unstable ( p ( un ) / p ( un ) ) mice , demonstrate greatly diminished levels of tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 , and an absence or markedly decreased proportion of high molecular weight forms of melanogenic proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Incomplete expression of the tyrosinase gene family ( tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 ) in human malignant melanoma cells in vitro . ^^^ The Northern blots were probed with cDNA fragments specific for TRP 1 , TRP 2 , and tyrosinase , for nested tyrosinase PCR the outer primers specified a 284 bp and the nested primers a 207 bp fragment . ^^^ In particular , tyrosinase and TRP 2 genes were found always to be expressed together , and TRP 1 mRNA alone was absent in four melanoma cell lines . ^^^ These findings indicate repressed or lacking expression of pigment genes in melanoma cell lines , most likely due to regulatory mechanisms , and that differences may exist between tyrosinase and TRP 2 on one hand and TRP 1 on the other . ^^^ Overall , it seemed that RT PCR for tyrosinase has limited value for identifying melanoma cells in the peripheral blood of melanoma patients ; TRP 1 , TRP 2 , and other , additional markers may be required . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blotting analysis showed that phorbol dibutyrate decreased the amount of the brown locus gene product ( TRP 1 ) by 50 % and lowered the amount of the albino locus gene product ( tyrosinase ) to undetectable levels . ^^^ The decrease in tyrosinase and TRP 1 protein levels was found to be due to a decrease in the mRNA encoded by these genes . ^^^ These data suggest that PKC regulates melanogenesis primarily by controlling the constitutive expression of tyrosinase and , to a lesser extent , TRP 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lamp 1 , trp 1 and tyrosinase are melanosomal associated stress relief proteins which are involved in the production of melanin in the subcellular organelle , melanosomes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MAGE , tyrosinase , melan A and gp 75 ) and mutant oncogene products ( e . g . p 53 , ras , and HER 2 / neu ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Eumelanogenesis of human skin melanocytes requires at least three enzymes : tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 . ^^^ Melanocytes cultured in phorbolester containing F 10 medium featured transcripts of tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 in the ratio 45 : 45 : 10 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Under the same experimental conditions , pituitary hormones also increased both the tyrosinase activity and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) while ovarian hormones increased TRP 1 but not tyrosinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By immunochemical stains the quantity of three melanocyte specific enzymes , i . e . tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) and DOPA chrome tautomerase ( TRP 2 ) , was markedly enhanced 1 week after grafting and persisted until 4 weeks post graft . alpha Melanocyte stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotrophic hormone were clearly detected in the epidermis soon after grafting . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Sections of normal adult human eye were stained for tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , and cultures of RPE cells and choroidal melanocytes were examined immunocytochemically for TRP 1 and 2 and enzymatically for tyrosinase activity ( by assaying dopa oxidase activity ) . ^^^ In vitro , passage 1 to 3 ocular melanocytes expressed TRP 1 and TRP 2 and had tyrosinase activity , which was influenced by the choice of substrate on which the cells were grown . ^^^ In contrast , passage 3 RPE cells ( which were unpigmented ) showed little evidence of tyrosinase activity in short term culture , irrespective of the substrate on which they were grown , and failed to express TRP 1 and TRP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , and TRP 2 are the enzymes involved in melanin biosynthesis and are preferentially expressed in pigment cells . ^^^ Transient cotransfection analysis showed that MITF overexpression increased the expression of a reporter gene under the control of the human tyrosinase or TRP 1 gene promoter but not the TRP 2 promoter . ^^^ The promoter activation caused by MITF is dependent on each CATGTG motif of the distal enhancer element , the M box , and the initiator E box of the tyrosinase gene and the TRP 1 M box . ^^^ These results suggest that MITF is sufficient to direct pigment cell specific transcription of the tyrosinase and TRP 1 genes but not the TRP 2 gene . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The inhibition affected to similar extents the Dopa oxidase activity associated to tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) and tyrosinase . ^^^ The decrease in the enzymatic activity was paralleled by a decrease in the abundance of the TRP 1 and tyrosinase proteins . ^^^ TGF beta 1 mediated this effect by increasing the rate of degradation of tyrosinase and TRP 1 . ^^^ Conversely , after 48 h of treatment , the expression of the tyrosinase gene decreased only slightly , while TRP 1 and TRP 2 gene expression was not affected . ^^^ An increased rate of proteolytic degradation of TRP 1 and tyrosinase seems the main mechanism accounting for the inhibitory effect of TGF beta 1 on the melanogenic activity of B16 / F10 cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Enzymatic expression of tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 and 2 and some other enzymes was examined by proliferating chain reaction to detect possible transformation during the procedure . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The rise in melanogenesis induced by NO generating compounds is associated with an increased amount of both tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Secretory PLA 2 also stimulated tyrosinase activity , increased the amount of tyrosinase related protein 1 and up regulated the expression of both mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DHICA oxidase ( 5 , 6 dihydroxyindole 2 carboxylic acid oxidase ) activity without TRP 1 ( Tyrosinase Related Protein 1 ) expression in the cells suggested that human tyrosinase also possesses a DHICA oxidase activities different from mouse tyrosinase . ^^^ Mouse fibroblast expressing human tyrosinase with DHICA oxidase activity produces predominantly pheomelanin deposit in lysosome . ^^^ DHICA oxidase ( 5 , 6 dihydroxyindole 2 carboxylic acid oxidase ) activity without TRP 1 ( Tyrosinase Related Protein 1 ) expression in the cells suggested that human tyrosinase also possesses a DHICA oxidase activities different from mouse tyrosinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When mouse tyrosinase or mouse tyrosinase related protein 1 , which shares high homology with human tyrosinase , was transiently expressed in tyrosinase negative K 1735 mouse melanoma cells by cDNA transfection , MAT 1 reacted only with the cells expressing mouse tyrosinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase activity and the amount of tyrosinase related protein ( TRP 1 ) of Mel ( b ) cells were higher than those of Mel ( l ) cells . ^^^ These results suggest that the difference in the pigmentation of the two human melanocyte cell lines , Mel ( b ) and Mel ( l ) , is derived from differences in the activity and expression of tyrosinase , TRP 1 and DCT , which affect the content and constitution of melanin polymers . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tyrosinase gene family of proteins ( tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 ) regulate the type of eumelanin synthesized and mutations affecting them result in OCA 1 , OCA 3 , and slaty ( in the murine system ) , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Instead , they contained dendritic cells that express melanogenic marker proteins such as tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The MAAs studied included tyrosinase ( Tyr ) , tyrosinase related protein 1 and 2 ( TRP 1 and TRP 2 ) , gp 100 , human melanoma antigen encoding genes 1 and 3 ( MAGE 1 and MAGE 3 ) , and melanotransferrin ( p 97 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the absence of exogenous alpha MSH , ASIP inhibited basal levels of tyrosinase activity and cell proliferation and reduced the level of immunoreactive tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) without significantly altering the level of immunoreactive tyrosinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 is one of the most abundant melanosomal glycoproteins involved in melanogenesis . ^^^ Our UV irradiation and tyrosinase and TRP 1 cDNA co transfection studies indicated that human TRP 1 is involved in not only melanogenesis but also prevention of melanocyte death , which may occur during biosynthesis of melanin pigment in the presence of tyrosinase . ^^^ Furthermore , a coordinated gene interaction was indicated between tyrosinase and TRP 1 , resulting in upregulation of mRNA and protein expression of LAMP ( lysosome associated membrane protein ) 1 that would directly prevent the tyrosinase mediated programmed cell death of melanocytes . ^^^ Similar to tyrosinase , however , TRP 1 appears to require a molecular chaperone , calnexin , which we have cloned recently . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The addition of 10 nM ET 1 induced a H 7 ( 10 microM ) suppressible increase in tyrosinase activity in cultured human melanocytes and was accompanied by elevated levels of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 mRNA expression as shown by Northern blotting . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although mouse tyrosinase does not show DHICA oxidase activity , and this step of the melanogenesis pathway is specifically catalyzed by mouse TRP 1 , the human enzyme seems to recognize carboxylated indoles . ^^^ Thus , human tyrosinase could display some residual DHICA oxidase activity , and the function of human TRP 1 could differ from that of the murine protein . ^^^ Most of our knowledge of the mammalian tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) activities is derived from studies using murine melanoma models , such as B 16 or Cloudman S 91 melanocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The second class represents differentiation antigens encoded by genes that are only expressed in melanoma and normal melanocytes like tyrosinase , Melan A / MART 1 , gp 100 and gp 75 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunochemical evidence confirmed the absence of either the tyrosinase encoded for by the albino locus , or the tyrosinase isoenzyme TRP 1 , encoded for by the brown locus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human melanoma specific HLA A 2 restricted CTLs have recently been shown to recognize antigens expressed by melanoma lines and normal melanocytes , including Melan A / Mart 1 , gp 100 , gp 75 , and tyrosinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Results showed that the proximal nail matrix melanocytes were clearly identified with MoAbs HMB 45 and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two members of this family , tyrosinase and gp 75 , are well characterized melanocyte differentiation antigens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results demonstrate that all 3 enzymes are capable of binding divalent metal cations ; copper is bound to tyrosinase but not to TRP 1 or TRP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase and tyrosinase related proteins ( TRP 1 and TRP 2 ) are essential for melanin synthesis and are expressed in neural crest derived melanocytes and in the pigment epithelium of the retina . ^^^ Tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 had been equally found in extracts of adult mouse brain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , the neuroepithelial derived Mitf expressing cells of the retinal pigment layer are retained , express Dct , but not the melanogenic enzyme genes tyrosinase and Tyrp 1 , and remain unpigmented . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Levels of tyrosinase protein and to a lesser extent of tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) were subnormal but rose dramatically following stimulation by tyrosine . ^^^ Levels of TRP 2 and Pmel17 / silver gene product were not altered , nor were the levels of mRNA for tyrosinase , TRP 1 , TRP 2 , or the Pmel17 / silver gene product . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The levels of transcription of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 genes were not affected by arbutin treatment as indicated by a semi quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sequential frozen sections revealed similar intermittent cell staining with PKC alpha and Mel 5 ( tyrosinase related protein 1 ) , known to specifically react with melanocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Comparative decreases in tyrosinase , TRP 1 , TRP 2 , and Pmel 17 / silver antigenic proteins from melanotic to amelanotic stages of syngeneic mouse cutaneous melanomas and metastases . ^^^ These were tyrosinase , TRP 1 , TRP 2 , and Pmel 17 / silver . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This hexapeptide cytoplasmic sequence , which is conserved in the tyrosinase related protein family and through vertebrate evolution , was shown to act also as a sorting signal in mouse gp 75 , confirming that its sorting and cellular retention function is conserved between human and mouse . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Quantification of tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and Trp 2 transcripts in human melanocytes by reverse transcriptase competitive multiplex PCR regulation by steroid hormones . ^^^ We have introduced a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction based method to measure mRNA levels of the melanogenesis enzymes tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , and tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , two other enzymes , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) and TRP 2 , are required for a normal melanization process leading to eumelanin synthesis . ^^^ In B 16 melanoma cells , we demonstrated that stimulation of melanogenesis by cAMP elevating agents results in an increase in tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 expression . cAMP , through a cAMP dependent protein kinase pathway , stimulates TRP 1 and TRP 2 promoter activities in both B 16 mouse melanoma cells and normal human melanocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This binding site is present also in the genes encoding two tyrosinase related proteins , TRP 1 and TRP 2 . ^^^ The levels of tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 were determined densitometrically following immunodetection with rabbit antipeptide antisera . ^^^ It provides in vivo evidence that Mitf regulates the transcription of the gene encoding TRP 1 as well as tyrosinase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These antigens belong the three main groups : tumor associated testis specific antigens ( MAGE , BAGE , GAGE and PRAME ) , melanocyte differentiation antigens ( tyrosinase , Melan A / MART 1 , gp 100 , TRP 1 and TRP 2 ) and mutated or aberrantly expressed antigens ( MUM 1 , CDK 4 , beta catenin , gp 100 in4 , p 15 and N acetylglucosaminyltransferase 5 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Northern blot analysis showed up regulation of mRNA for several genes known to be involved in melanin biosynthesis ( pmel 17 , pmel 34 , and tyrosinase related proteins , TRP 1 and TRP 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , transient cotransfection assays suggested that MITF A activated transcription of the tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These antigens are categorized as ( a ) melanocyte specific melanosomal proteins ( MART 1 / melan A , gp 100 , tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 ) , ( b ) tumor specific mutated proteins ( beta catenin ) , and ( c ) others ( p 15 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To establish a mouse model for the use of these ' self ' antigens as targets for anti tumor immune responses , we have employed the mouse homologues of the human melanoma antigens Tyrosinase , Tyrosinase Related Protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , gp 100 , and MART 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This inhibition is explained by decreased intracellular levels of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , but not of TRP2 / DCT as detected by Western blotting . ^^^ Therefore , the inhibitory effect of TNF alpha on tyrosinase and TRP 1 results from combined effect on mRNA levels and enzymatic activity or protein stability . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previous work has demonstrated that two key melanocyte specific elements termed the MSEu and MSEi play critical roles in the expression of the melanocyte specific tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) promoter . ^^^ Several lines of evidence tend to point to the brachyury related transcription factor Tbx 2 as being the repressor of TRP 1 expression : both the MSEu and MSEi bind Tbx 2 , and mutations in either element that result in derepression of the TRP 1 promoter diminish binding by Tbx 2 ; the TRP 1 promoter , but not the tyrosinase , microphthalmia , or glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase ( G3PDH ) promoter , is repressed by Tbx 2 in cotransfection assays ; a high affinity consensus brachyury / Tbx2 binding site is able to constitutively repress expression of the heterologous IE 110 promoter ; and a low affinity brachyury / Tbx2 binding site is able to mediate Tbx 2 dependent repression of the G3PDH promoter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of PEC specific genes , mmp 115 , tyrosinase , and TRP 1 , was downregulated , but that of Mitf and pax 6 was upregulated in B / B PECs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunity to the brown locus protein , gp75 / tyrosinase related protein 1 , was investigated in a syngeneic mouse model . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These antigens belong to three main groups : cancer / testis specific antigens ( MAGE , BAGE , GAGE , PRAME and NY ESO 1 ) , melanocyte differentiation antigens ( tyrosinase , Melan A / MART 1 , gp 100 , TRP 1 and TRP 2 ) , and mutated or aberrantly expressed antigens ( MUM 1 , CDK 4 , beta catenin , gp 100 in4 , p 15 and N acetylglucosaminyltransferase 5 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) does not function as a DHICA oxidase activity in contrast to murine TRP 1 . ^^^ Tyrosinase related protein 1 is a melanocyte specific protein and a member of the tyrosinase gene family which also includes tyrosinase and TRP 2 ( DOPAchrome tautomerase ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To assess antibody responses to potential melanoma / melanocyte autoantigens , the open reading frame sequences of tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 , TRP 2 , and melanoma associated glycoprotein antigen family ( gp100 / pmel17 ) genes were cloned and expressed as recombinant proteins in E . coli . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate whether the pathologic alteration in IGH involves changes in melanocytic differentiation , cell number , or both , we studied nine lesions of IGH by immunoperoxidase , using monoclonal antibodies against the KIT receptor and a panel of melanocyte differentiation antigens ( tyrosinase related protein 1 , tyrosinase , and gp100 / pme117 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blotting experiments revealed there were no changes in protein content or in molecular size of tyrosinase , TRP 1 or TRP 2 , indicating that inhibition of tyrosinase activity by arbutin might be due to effects at the post translational level . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the expression of tyrosinase related genes [ tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) and tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 ) ] and pigmentation of melanoma cells . ^^^ IBMX increased tyrosinase gene expression in all four cell lines ; alpha MSH was without effect ; and TRP 1 and TRP 2 expression were largely unaffected by IBMX or alpha MSH . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effects on proliferation , tyrosinase activity , melanin biosynthesis , and levels of mRNA for tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , and tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 ) were examined . ^^^ Treatment with LM alone did not affect mRNA levels for tyrosinase , TRP 1 , or TRP 2 . ^^^ Furthermore , LM abrogated the DX induced up regulation of mRNAs for tyrosinase and the down regulation of TRP 1 mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study characterizes the induction of melanogenesis and the expression of tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) and lysosome associated membrane protein ( LAMP ) gene families in the cultured melanocyte lines of non agouti mice with four major genetic loci , i . e . melan a 2 ( black , wild type ) , melan b ( brown , TRP 1 mutation ) , melan s ( black , piebaldism mutation ) and melan c ( white , tyrosinase mutation ) in response to repeated exposure to ultraviolet ( UV ) B ( 5 mJ / cm2 , 7 consecutive days ) . ^^^ Our study indicated : ( 1 ) that melanogenesis induction and melanocyte death are two photobiological processes occurring simultaneously after repeated UVB exposure , ( 2 ) that in response to an upregulation of tyrosinase mRNA and enzymic activity , there was a co ordinated upregulation of the LAMP 1 gene in wild type melan a 2 , while no upregulation was found in melan s and melan b mutants , and ( 3 ) that UV induced melanocyte death is related to the upregulation of the tyrosinase gene , induction of new melanogenesis and mutation of the TRP 1 gene in immortal murine melanocytes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These antigens belong to three main groups : tumor associated testis specific antigens ( MAGE , BAGE , GAGE and PRAME ) , melanocyte differentiation antigens ( tyrosinase , Melan A / MART 1 , gp 100 , TRP 1 and TRP 2 ) and mutated or aberrantly expressed antigens ( MUM 1 , CDK 4 , beta catenin , gp 100 in4 , p 15 and N acetylglucosaminyltransferase 5 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mi has been shown to activate transcription of the tyrosinase , TRP 1 , TRP 2 , and QNR 71 genes through specific E box elements , most notably the highly conserved M box . ^^^ The relevance of these observations to the control of melanocyte specific gene expression was highlighted by the fact that the E box elements located in the tyrosinase , TRP 1 , TRP 2 , and QNR 71 promoters without exception possess a 5 ' flanking T residue which is entirely conserved between species as diverse as man and turtle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The MSH cell surface receptor and the melanosomal P protein are the two most obvious candidate genes influencing variation in pigmentation phenotype , and may do so by regulating the levels and activities of the melanogenic enzymes tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
High expression of immunotherapy candidate proteins gp 100 , MART 1 , tyrosinase and TRP 1 in uveal melanoma . ^^^ In the treatment of cutaneous melanoma , provisional therapeutic strategies have been designed to combat tumour load using T cells that are sensitized with peptides derived from melanoma autoantigens , such as glycoprotein 100 ( gp 100 ) , melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 ( MART 1 or MelanA ) , tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) . ^^^ Cryostat sections from 11 spindle type , 21 mixed and epithelioid tumours and four metastasis lesions were stained with antibodies specifically recognizing gp 100 , MART 1 , tyrosinase and TRP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase stabilization by Tyrp 1 ( the brown locus protein ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , all three patients had antibodies to the melanogenic enzymes tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) and tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 ) in their serum . ^^^ In contrast , COS 7 cell extracts containing either expressed tyrosinase , TRP 1 or TRP 2 did not remove the anti Pmel 17 reactivity of the three sera in the RIA . ^^^ This lack of cross reactivity suggests that the humoral response to Pmel 17 in these patients is specific and independent of the antibody reactivity to tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Like MITF M , MITF A is able to activate the two melanogenesis gene promoters , tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This band has been found to be alpha PEP 7 ( antibody specific for tyrosinase ) positive and alpha PEP 1 ( antibody specific for TRP 1 ) negative on Western blot analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Gene expression for melanogenesis was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 genes in normal and cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells and in proliferative membranes in patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy . ^^^ RESULTS : Gene expression for melanogenesis was classified into three types during dedifferentiation of retinal pigment epithelial cells : ( 1 ) tyrosinase related protein 1 gene expression , ( 2 ) tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 gene expression and ( 3 ) no expression of these genes . ^^^ Of the anatomically unsuccessful patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy treated by surgery , 76 . 9 % showed both tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 gene expression ; only 20 % of the anatomically successful patients showed the gene expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , there are some kinds of human amelanotic melanomas , such as MEL2A , in which expression of tyrosinase is repressed or lacking though tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 and TRP 2 are well expressed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RT PCR analyses showed that the nested PCR for tyrosinase was more sensitive than a combination of single round PCR for five different MAA , including tyrosinase , MART 1 / Melan A , Pmel 17 , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 , detecting tyrosinase mRNA in six nodes which were negative by HMB 45 immunohistochemistry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We produced a transgenic mouse line that expresses simian virus ( SV 40 ) transforming sequences under control of the 1 . 4 kb tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) promoter , targeting expression of T antigen ( Tag ) to the RPE . ^^^ In spleen , tyrosinase , TRP 1 and SV 40 Tag were expressed and tyrosinase was enzymatically active . ^^^ These were pigmented , and maintained expression of tyrosinase , TRP 1 , cytokeratin and SV 40 Tag . ^^^ Tumors of the retinal pigment epithelium metastasize to inguinal lymph nodes and spleen in tyrosinase related protein 1 / SV40 T antigen transgenic mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have examined the effects of several mutant allele combinations at the murine p locus on the number and morphology of melanosomes in choroidal melanocytes and RPE cells as well as on the levels of four proteins known to be present within melanosomes : tyrosinase , tyrosinase related proteins 1 and 2 ( TRP 1 and TRP 2 ) and lysosome associated membrane protein 1 ( LAMP 1 ) . ^^^ In wild type mice , levels of tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 were high at birth and showed a second peak of expression at 10 14 days of age , declining to undetectable levels by 42 days . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When we tried to induce immune responses to five mouse melanocyte differentiation antigens , gp 100 , MART 1 , tyrosinase , and tyrosinase related proteins ( TRP ) 1 and TRP 2 , we observed striking depigmentation and melanocyte destruction only in the skin of mice inoculated with a vaccinia virus encoding mouse TRP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we describe the in vitro transcription translation of human tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) cDNA and subsequent use of the resulting 35S labelled TRP 1 in a radioimmunoassay to analyse vitiligo sera for the presence of TRP 1 antibodies . ^^^ Absorption studies indicated that preincubation with COS 7 cell extract containing either expressed TRP 1 , tyrosinase or TRP 2 absorbed out the immunoreactivity of the three sera positive in the radioimmunoassay ( RIA ) with [ 35S ] TRP 1 . ^^^ The results indicate that autoantibodies to TRP 1 cross react with tyrosinase and TRP 2 , suggesting one or more common epitopes between the three proteins . . ^^^ Autoantibodies to tyrosinase related protein 1 detected in the sera of vitiligo patients using a quantitative radiobinding assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Molecular interactions within the melanogenic complex : formation of heterodimers of tyrosinase and TRP 1 from B 16 mouse melanoma . ^^^ Melanin synthesis in mammals is catalyzed by three structurally related , membrane bound proteins , tyrosinase , and the tyrosinase related proteins 1 and 2 ( TRP 1 and TRP 2 ) . ^^^ This study used purified preparations of tyrosinase and TRP 1 to analyze their interactions in non ionic detergent solution . ^^^ Purified tyrosinase and TRP 1 behaved as homodimers as judged by gel filtration chromatography and electrophoresis . ^^^ Upon mixing of the purified proteins , the preferential formation of heterodimers was detected by : 1 ) coelution in gel filtration chromatography with a shift to a common partition coefficient for both proteins , and 2 ) the occurrence of fluorescent energy transfer between fluorescein labeled tyrosinase and rhodamine labeled TRP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MG at 100 microg / mL exhibited a minimal inhibitory effect on DHICA oxidase ( TRP 1 ) and no effect on DOPAchrome tautomerase ( TRP 2 ) , suggesting that MG inhibits melanogenesis primarily via tyrosinase inhibition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Microphthalmia transcription factor MITF , a melanocyte specific basic helix loop helix protein , has been shown to transactivate tyrosinase and TRP 1 genes in vitro by binding to a shared regulatory sequence known as M box . ^^^ We showed earlier that in human melanoma cells TRP 1 can be regulated independently of tyrosinase and pigmentation . ^^^ To investigate the role of MITF in TRP 1 regulation , we studied the effect of pharmacological agents that modulate transcription of tyrosinase and TRP 1 on MITF . ^^^ In melanoma cells treated with hexamethylene bisacetamide ( HMBA ) , transcription of TRP 1 gene was selectively and completely inhibited while steady state levels of tyrosinase , TRP 2 , MITF mRNA and melanin content showed a modest increase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutations in six genes have been reported to be responsible for different types of oculocutaneous and ocular albinism , including the tyrosinase gene ( TYR ) and OCA 1 ( MIM # 203100 ) , the OCA 2 gene and OCA 2 ( MIM # 203200 ) , the tyrosinase related protein 1 gene ( TYRP 1 ) and OCA 3 ( MIM # 203290 ) , the HPS gene and Hermansky Pudlak syndrome ( MIM # 203300 ) , the CHS gene ( CHS 1 ) , and Chediak Higashi syndrome ( MIM # 214500 ) , and the 10 linked ocular albinism gene and OA 1 ( MIM # 300500 ) . ^^^ The function of only two of the gene products is known tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 both of which are enzymes in the melanin biosynthetic pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of pigmentation genes coding for tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 correlated positively with that of EDNRB but negatively with EDNRA expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , mRNA levels of the melanogenic enzymes , tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , and tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 ) , were not altered . ^^^ Regarding protein levels of these enzymes , the amount of tyrosinase was decreased by linoleic acid and increased by palmitic acid , whereas the amounts of TRP 1 and TRP 2 did not change after incubation with fatty acids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tyrosinase family in vertebrates consists of three related melanogenic enzymes : tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , and TRP 2 . ^^^ We have isolated a gene from the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi which encodes a tyrosinase related protein ( HrTRP ) with 45 49 % identity with vertebrate TRP 1 and TRP 2 . ^^^ Initially , duplication of an ancestral tyrosinase gene produced a single TRP gene before the urochordate and cephalochordate vertebrate divergence , and a subsequent duplication of the ancestral TRP gene in the vertebrate lineage gave rise to two TRP genes before the emergence of teleost fishes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No significant effect on DOPAchrome tautomerase activity was observed . alpha TF did not directly inhibit tyrosinase activity of the large granule fraction extracted from human melanoma cells , and Western blotting revealed that there were no changes in protein content or in molecular size of tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 or TRP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In particular , no reactivity was found in sera from protected mice against tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 ) , either stably expressed in a non melanoma cell line or obtained by in vitro transcription translation , or against tyrosinase , TRP 1 and gp 100 antigens immunoprecipitated from B 16 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , the centrally located antigenic regions ( amino acids 289 294 and 295 300 ) had amino acid sequence homology to both tyrosinase related protein 1 and 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This paper proposes such a cascade , one that involves genes for PAX 3 , MITF , human MyoD , MYF 5 , c MET , c KIT , tyrosinase , TRP 1 , human QNR 71 , SOX 10 , EDNRB , and EDN3 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) are two melanogenic enzymes that regulate melanin biosynthesis . ^^^ We present here results on N glycan processing of TRP 1 and tyrosinase and compare the maturation process and activity of both glycoproteins in the presence of inhibitors of the endoplasmic reticulum stages of N glycosylation . ^^^ However , in contrast to TRP 1 , tyrosinase presents a homogeneous high mannose glycoform , also . ^^^ In the presence of alpha glucosidases inhibitors , the maturation of tyrosinase N glycans is completely inhibited , whereas TRP 1 is still able to acquire some complex glycans , indicating that endomannosidase acts preferentially on the later glycoprotein . ^^^ In addition , the dopa oxidase activity of tyrosinase is totally abolished , whereas for TRP 1 it is only partially affected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have shown previously that active immunization of mice against the melanocyte differentiation antigen , a tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) gp 75 ( TRP 1 ) ( the brown locus protein ) expressed by melanomas , could induce tumor immunity and autoimmunity manifested as depigmentation . ^^^ Here , we characterize immunity against another tyrosinase family glycoprotein TRP 2 ( the slaty locus protein ) , using the same mouse model and method of immunization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 in ultraviolet irradiated human melanomas and melanocytes : TRP 2 protects melanoma cells from ultraviolet B induced apoptosis . ^^^ Tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 and TRP 2 are known to regulate the quality of melanin , and recently their potential role in inhibiting apoptosis have also been reported . ^^^ To study the role of tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 in the growth , differentiation and cell death of ultraviolet B ( UVB ) irradiated melanocytes , the expression of these proteins in amelanotic and melanotic cells was examined . ^^^ Expression of tyrosinase and TRP 1 correlated with melanin content , which was upregulated after repeated irradiation of melanotic cells by low doses of UVB . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
C . 1 . 14 . 18 . 1 ) , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , and the tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 , E . ^^^ Although tyrosinase activity and the protein level for tyrosinase and TRP 2 , but not for TRP 1 , were increased in the high metastatic hybrids versus the other cells , no significant changes in mRNA either for tyrosinase or for TRPs were observed in them . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transcriptional activation of tyrosinase and TRP 1 by p 53 links UV irradiation to the protective tanning response . ^^^ This study shows that the promoters of the genes coding for the enzymes crucial in melanin biosynthesis , namely tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , are activated by wild type p 53 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Finally , the role of tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 is discussed in association with oxidative stress specifically related to hydrogen peroxide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tyrosinase related protein 1 ( Tyrp 1 ) promoter in transgenic experiments : targeted expression to the retinal pigment epithelium . ^^^ We have chosen 1 . 4 kb and 4 kb from the promoter of the tyrosinase related protein 1 gene ( Tyrp 1 ) for RPE specific expression , since Tyrp 1 mRNA and protein are detected already at midgestation in this epithelial layer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Only melanoma cells showed a modified tyrosinase isozyme pattern on Western immunoblots in response to BSO , while the mRNA expression of tyrosinase and TRP 1 were unchanged in both cell types . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Investigation of the intracellular transport of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 . ^^^ In this report we investigate the effects of the perturbation of N glycan processing in ER on the transport and activation of tyrosinase and TRP 1 . ^^^ Immunoprecipitation experiments followed by analysis in SDS PAGE under non reducing conditions suggest that in inhibited cells , both tyrosinase and TRP 1 are synthesized in a modified conformation as compared to the normal proteins . ^^^ These data suggest that the inhibition of melanin synthesis is not due to a defective transport but rather to conformational changes induced in the structure of tyrosinase and TRP 1 during their transit through the ER . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These include tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A total of 123 tumor infiltrating T lymphocyte ( TIL ) cultures established from patients with HLA A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 24 , or A 31 metastatic melanoma in the Surgery Branch , National Cancer Institute , were screened for recognition of shared melanoma antigens including five melanosomal proteins ( tyrosinase , MART 1 / melan A , gp 100 , TRP 1 , TRP 2 ) as well as peptides derived from MAGE 1 and MAGE 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The in situ expression of antigens associated with melanosomes ( gp 100 ) , pigmentation ( PAA ) , tyrosinase ( TRP 1 ) , melanoma ( MAA 1 / MAA 2 ) , and HLA DR was investigated immunohistochemically in frozen archival specimens of common acquired melanocytic naevi , in dysplastic melanocytic naevi , and in lymph node metastases of melanoma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All four are deficient in expression of the melanocytic differentiation proteins ( MDP ) tyrosinase , Pme117 / gp100 , gp75 / trp 1 , and MART 1 / Melan A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Yet to date , Mitf has been shown to regulate genes such as Tyrosinase , Tyrp 1 , and Dct , which are required for pigmentation , a differentiation specific process . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we measured the absolute levels of MA messenger ribonucleic acid ( mRNA ) in tumor cell lines utilizing real time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( qRT PCR ) . mRNA levels of MART 1 , gp 100 , tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 melanoma differentiation antigens and MAGE 1 , MAGE 3 and ESO 1 cancer testis ( CT ) antigens were compared in 24 early passage ( < 5 passages in culture ) and 12 archival melanoma cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunoprecipitation of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( Tyrp 1 or TRP 1 ) in cells incubated with radioactive glucosamine disclosed that glucosamine uptake by these enzymes was apparently increased , suggesting structural alterations in their sugar moieties . ^^^ Based on these findings , it is likely that the compound exerts its depigmenting effects in human pigment cells through the modification of glycosylation of tyrosinase and TRP 1 , which are key enzymes for melanogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover all cell lines positive for tyrosinase related protein 2 isoforms expressed tyrosinase and , all but one , tyrosinase related protein 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study we have explored the endoplasmic reticulum associated events accompanying the maturation of the tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) nascent chain synthesized in mouse melanoma cells . ^^^ We show that TRP 1 folding process occurs much more rapidly than for tyrosinase , a highly homologous protein , being completed post translationally by the formation of critical disulfide bonds . ^^^ Folding and maturation of tyrosinase related protein 1 are regulated by the post translational formation of disulfide bonds and by N glycan processing . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The albino ( tyrosinase , Tyrc ) , brown ( tyrosinase related protein 1 , Tyrp1b ) and slaty ( tyrosinase related protein 2 , tyrp2slt ) loci are all involved in the regulation of melanogenesis . ^^^ Specifically , we attempted to evaluate the effects of Tyrp 1 and Tyrp 2 proteins on tyrosinase protein . ^^^ We report evidence that Tyrp 1 stabilizes tyrosinase , confirming previous observations , and , in addition , demonstrate that Tyrp 1 decreases tyrosinase activity . ^^^ We conclude that both Tyrp 1 and Tyrp 2 , in addition to other catalytic functions they may possess , act together to modulate tyrosinase activity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we showed at the cellular level that in human pigmented hair follicles , the expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) was detectable during the anagen phases III / IV through 6 , only in those melanocytes which were located in the bulb . ^^^ Our results emphasize the close relationship between melanogenesis and the hair cycle and suggest that in humans , melanogenesis is restricted to anagen hair follicles not because of the regulation of tyrosinase activity , but because of melanogenic enzyme expression , e . g . , tyrosinase and TRP 1 . ^^^ Furthermore , the fact that in the newly developing anagen hair follicles , cell division commitment and tyrosinase and TRP 1 expression were observed in melanocytes only when located in the nascent bulb suggests a highly regio specific melanocyte stimulation in early the anagen phase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Assignments of the tyrosinase related protein 1 and 2 genes to human chromosome bands 9p23 and 13q32 . 1 by in situ hybridization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cellular and molecular features of mammalian pigmentation tyrosinase and TRP ] . ^^^ Three pigment cell specific enzymes inside melanosomes are involved in melanogenesis : tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 / DOPA chrome tautomerase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of the melanocyte associated transcripts of tyrosinase , MART1 / Melan A , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) and tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 ) as well as the tumour specific transcript of MAGE 3 was analysed by RT PCR in PBSC harvests from 31 patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have expressed and purified the melanocyte specific proteins , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) and 2 ( TRP 2 ) . ^^^ Ocular and extraocular inflammation induced by immunization of tyrosinase related protein 1 and 2 in Lewis rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutant alleles at the brown locus encoding tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) affect proliferation of mouse melanocytes in culture . ^^^ Tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) is a melanocyte specific gene product involved in eumelanin synthesis . ^^^ There were no significant differences in tyrosine hydroxylase activities of tyrosinase and TRP 1 in wild type black , brown and cordovan melanocyte cell lysates . ^^^ These observations demonstrate that mutation in Tyrp 1 compromised tyrosinase activity within the organelle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They were positive to dihydroxyphenylalanine ( DOPA ) reaction and expressed KIT ( a receptor tyrosine kinase ) , tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 ) , and endothelin B receptor ( ETRB ) as determined by immunostaining . ^^^ They are thought to be more immature because they were positive to KIT , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 , but not to ETR ( B ) , tyrosinase , and DOPA reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The major melanosomal proteins include tyrosinase gene family protein ( tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein ; TRP ) , lysosome associated membrane protein ( Lamp ) and gp 100 ( pmel 17 ) . ^^^ Tyrosinase and TRP 1 possess the dileucine motifs at the cytoplasmic domain , to which adapter protein 3 binds to transport them from the TGN to stage 1 melanosomes ( related to late endosomes ) and then to stage 2 melanosomes . ^^^ Because of the absence of TRP 1 and TRP 2 in pheomelanogenesis , it may be suggested that tyrosinase is involved in lysosomal degradation after forming dopaquinone , to which the cysteine present in the lysosomal granule binds to form cysteinyldopas that will then be auto oxidized to become pheomelanin . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the other hand , aggregated and degraded forms of that mutant gp 87 protein are found in the cytosolic fraction of melan si , suggesting that misrouting and aberrant processing of the gp 87 and tyrosinase may also be related to the high DHICA oxidase activity of these melanocytes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Homozygous gene mutations of enzymes functional in melanogenesis such as tyrosinase , P protein and DHICA oxidase , result in oculocutaneous albinism ( OCA ) 1 , OCA 2 , and OCA 3 , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These include melanocyte specific proteins , such as tyrosinase , TRP 1 , TRP 2 , gp 100 , and MART 1 , cancer testis antigens , and mutated peptides derived from genetic alterations in melanoma cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These cells express several pigment cell specific genes that are thought or have been shown to be activated by MITF , including dautochrome tautomerase , pMel 17 / Silver and tyrosinase related protein 1 , but lack expression of the MITF target gene tyrosinase , which encodes the rate limiting enzyme in melanin synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TYRP 2 mediated resistance to cis diamminedichloroplatinum ( 2 ) in human melanoma cells is independent of tyrosinase and TYRP 1 expression and melanin content . ^^^ We further show that CDDP resistance correlates only with TYRP 2 expression and is associated neither with tyrosinase and TYRP 1 expression , nor with cellular melanin content . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TYRP 1 has been reported to lack DHICA oxidase activity , whereas tyrosinase appears to accelerate DHICA consumption , thus raising the question of DHICA metabolism in human melanocytes . ^^^ Here we have used two different approaches , comparison of the catalytic activities of human melanocytic cell lines expressing the full set of melanogenic enzymes or deficient in TYRP 1 , and transient expression of TYR and tyr genes in COS 7 cells , to demonstrate that human tyrosinase actually functions as a DHICA oxidase , as opposed to the mouse enzyme . ^^^ Conversely , mouse tyrp 1 , but not tyrosinase , catalyses the oxidation of the indolic intermediate 5 , 6 dihydroxyindole 2 carboxylic acid ( DHICA ) into the corresponding 5 , 6 indolequinone 2 carboxylic acid , thus promoting the incorporation of DHICA units into eumelanin . ^^^ TYRP 1 has been reported to lack DHICA oxidase activity , whereas tyrosinase appears to accelerate DHICA consumption , thus raising the question of DHICA metabolism in human melanocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Based on its partial N terminal amino acid sequence , it was shown to be distinct from known melanosomal proteins such as gp 75 , tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 ) and Pmel 17 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we used congenic mice to eliminate genetic variability , and analyzed eumelanin and pheomelanin contents of hairs from mice mutant at one or more of the major pigment loci , i . e . , the albino ( C ) locus that encodes tyrosinase , the slaty ( Slt ) locus that encodes tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 also known as dopachrome tautomerase , DCT ) , the brown ( B ) locus that encodes TRP 1 , the silver ( Si ) locus that encodes a melanosomal silver protein , the agouti ( A ) locus that encodes agouti signaling protein ( ASP ) , the extension ( E ) locus that encodes melanocortin 1 receptor , and the mahogany ( Mg ) locus that encodes attractin . ^^^ Phenotypes of chinchilla ( c ( ch ) / c ( ch ) ) mice that are wild type or mutant at the brown and / or slaty , loci indicate that functioning TRP 2 and TRP 1 are necessary , in addition to high levels of tyrosinase , for a full production of eumelanin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treatment of human melanoma cells with the differentiation inducing agent hexamethylene bisacetamide ( HMBA ) results in reciprocal changes in expression of melanocyte specific genes tyrosinase related proteins 1 and 2 ( TYRP 1 and TYRP 2 ) . ^^^ Northern blot analyses of total cellular RNA showed that expression of microphthalmia associated transcription factor ( MITF ) , tyrosinase ( TYR ) , TYRP 1 , Silver ( SILV / Pmel17 ) gene was down regulated by HMBA , while TYRP 2 mRNA was up regulated ( > 10 fold ) . ^^^ When the inducer was added to cells in the absence of TPA , there was > 50 fold increase in TYRP 2 mRNA with a moderate increase in MITF , tyrosinase and SILV gene mRNAs and complete repression of TYRP 1 gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The role of conserved N glycan sites in sorting , stability , and activity of tyrosinase family proteins was investigated using two family members from two different species , mouse gp75 / tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 / Tyrp1 and human tyrosinase . ^^^ Potential N linked glycosylation sites on the lumenal domains of mouse gp75 / TRP 1 / Tyrp1 and human tyrosinase were eliminated by site directed mutagenesis ( Asn to Gln substitutions ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PDZ domain protein GIPC interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of melanosomal membrane protein gp 75 ( tyrosinase related protein 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Melanosomes ( and their precursor compartments ) were defined by antiserum directed against the melanosomal marker tyrosinase related protein 1 . ^^^ In C57BL / 6+ / + ( wild type ) melanocytes , 94 . 2 % of vesicles demonstrated colocalization of tyrosinase related protein 1 and 3 ( 2 , 4 dinitroanilino ) 3 ' amino N methyldipropylamine , indicating that almost all melanosomes or their precursors were acidic . ^^^ By contrast , only 7 % 8 % of the staining vesicles in p mutant cell lines ( pJ / pJ and pcp / p6H ) showed colocalization of tyrosinase related protein 1 and 3 ( 2 , 4 dinitroanilino ) 3 ' amino N methyldipropylamine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
AP 3 mediates tyrosinase but not TRP 1 trafficking in human melanocytes . ^^^ We used HPS 2 melanocytes in culture to determine the role of AP 3 in the trafficking of the melanogenic proteins tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) . ^^^ Finally , our studies demonstrate that tyrosinase and TRP 1 use different mechanisms to reach their premelanosomal destination . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The amino acid sequences of the identified Pmel 17 epitopes were compared to the amino acid sequences of the related melanogenic enzymes tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 and tyrosinase related protein 2 . ^^^ This finding is consistent with our previous study in which we were unable to show the presence of Pmel 17 antibodies which were cross reactive with either tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 or tyrosinase related protein 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : A total of 62 stable TCCs were established from the PBMCs of five patients with VKH ( 28 clones against tyrosinase , 34 clones against tyrosinase related protein [ TRP ] 1 ) . ^^^ Five of 28 TCCs for tyrosinase and 2 of 34 for TRP 1 were reactive to the 30 mer peptides with strong binding sites for HLA DRB1 * 0405 . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : The autoreactive T cells against tyrosinase and / or TRP 1 may contribute to the development of VKH disease . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibition of enzyme activities reflected decreased protein levels . mRNAs for tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 , dopachrome tautomerase , silver protein and melanocortin 1 receptor also decreased after H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) treatment , and recovered at different rates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of the response in successfully treated mice revealed elevated levels of CD 8 ( + ) T cells specific for a nonameric peptide consisting of residues 180 188 of the melanocyte differentiation antigen tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 2 . ^^^ There was no evidence of reactivity to the melanocyte antigens gp 100 , tyrosinase , Mart1 / MelanA , or TRP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All NCCmelan 5 cells were positive for KIT ( SCF receptor ) , HMB 45 ( human melanosomal antigen ) , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TYRP 1 ) , tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TYRP 2 ) , tyrosinase and endothelin receptor B ( EDNRB ) and all could oxidize 3 , 4 dihydroxyphenylalanine ( DOPA ) to form melanin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In an effort to characterize the roles of melanosomal proteins in human skin pigmentation , and to understand the underlying mechanism ( s ) of abnormal skin pigmentation , we have now generated polyclonal antibodies against the human melanocyte specific markers , tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein ( TYRP 1 ) , Dopachrome tautomerase ( DCT ) and Pmel 17 ( SILV , also known as GP 100 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Abnormal translocation of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 in cutaneous melanocytes of Hermansky Pudlak Syndrome and in melanoma cells transfected with anti sense HPS 1 cDNA . ^^^ Knockout of HPS 1 protein expression in A 188 cells caused both tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 to be localized to large granular complexes in the cell cytosol and dendrites . ^^^ We conclude that lack of HPS 1 protein expression results in mistranslocation of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 to large granular complexes rather than melanosomes , compromising melanin synthesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Most of MoAb J 1 positive granules were co stained with melanogenic markers , tyrosinase or tyrosinase related protein ( TRP 1 ) . ^^^ We suggest that tyrosinase family protein , tyrosinase and TRP 1 are transported to melanosomes from TGN via these prelysosomal granules after being transiently transported to late endosomes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OCA 3 ( MIM 203290 ) , a rare form of OCA and also known as `` rufous / red albinism , ' ' is associated with mutations in TYRP 1 ( encoding tyrosinase related protein 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The pheomelanosome , containing the key enzyme of the pathway tyrosinase , produces light red / yellowish melanin , whereas the eumelanosome produces darker melanins via induction of additional TYRP 1 , TYRP 2 , SILV enzymes , and the P protein . ^^^ Intramelanosomal pH governed by the P protein may act as a critical determinant of tyrosinase enzyme activity to control the initial step in melanin synthesis or TYRP complex formation to facilitate melanogenesis and melanosomal maturation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 ) mRNA was also increased by GR , however , no significant change was observed on TRP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , tyrosinase related protein 1 still reached melanosomal structures via the plasma membrane instead of the direct pathway from the Golgi . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results suggest that the pigment synthesized by the activity of tyrosinase alone , unmodified by the activities of TRP 1 and TRP 2 , is protective against the types of reactive oxygen species produced by UVA and gamma rays but not protective against lethal damage from photons in the UVB range and sensitizes to UVC photons . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase related protein 1 ( Tyrp 1 ) is a melanocyte specific gene product involved in eumelanin synthesis . ^^^ There is mounting evidence demonstrating that in addition to its role in eumelanin synthesis , Tyrp 1 is involved in maintaining stability of tyrosinase protein and modulating its catalytic activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pre existing immunity to tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 2 , a new TRP 2 isoform , and the NY ESO 1 melanoma antigen in a patient with a dramatic response to immunotherapy . ^^^ This TIL was found to recognize HLA A 2 restricted CTL epitopes in tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 2 ( clone MR 7 ) and NY ESO 1 ( clone M 8 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These cells were positive for tyrosinase related protein 1 , tyrosinase related protein 2 and KIT , but were negative for tyrosinase and had no dihydroxyphenylalanine reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Oculocutaneous albinism types 1 and 3 are ER retention diseases : mutation of tyrosinase or Tyrp 1 can affect the processing of both mutant and wild type proteins . ^^^ We compared intracellular processing , sorting , and degradation of tyrosinase and Tyrp 1 , and the effects on their catalytic function and melanin synthesis , in these wild type and mutant melanocytes . ^^^ A mutation in either Tyr or Tyrp 1 increased the time of association of tyrosinase and Tyrp 1 with calnexin and Bip , which in turn resulted in the retention of these mutant products in the ER . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Increase of pro opiomelanocortin mRNA prior to tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 , dopachrome tautomerase , Pmel 17 / gp100 , and P protein mRNA in human skin after ultraviolet B irradiation . ^^^ In ultraviolet induced tanning , the protein levels of various gene products critical for pigmentation ( including tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ) are increased in response to ultraviolet B irradiation , but changes in mRNA levels of these factors have not been investigated in vivo . ^^^ We have established an in situ hybridization technique to investigate mRNA levels of pro opiomelanocortin , tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 , dopachrome tautomerase , P protein , Pmel 17 / gp100 , and microphthalmia associated transcription factor , and have analyzed the changes in mRNA levels in the ultraviolet B exposed skin in vivo . ^^^ The right or left forearm of each volunteer was irradiated with ultraviolet B , and skin biopsies were obtained at 2 and 5 d postirradiation . mRNA level of pro opiomelanocortin was increased 2 d after ultraviolet B irradiation , and returned to a near basal level after 5 d , whereas the mRNA levels of tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 , dopachrome tautomerase , P protein , and Pmel 17 / gp100 showed some or no increase at 2 d , but were significantly increased 5 d after ultraviolet B irradiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The immunocytochemical staining of p / p melanoblasts / melanocytes revealed that they are negative to tyrosinase , but reactive to tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 , TRP 2 , and c kit . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to elucidate the mechanism ( s ) involved in OCA 2 , our group used several antibodies specific for various melanosomal proteins ( tyrosinase , Tyrp 1 , Dct , Pmel 17 and HMB 45 ) , including a specific set of polyclonal antibodies against the p protein . ^^^ These findings suggest that the p protein plays a major role in modulating the intracellular transport of tyrosinase and a minor role for Tyrp 1 , but is not critically involved in the transport of Dct and Pmel 17 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tyrosinase gene family encompasses three members , tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( Tyrp 1 ) and dopachrome tautomerase ( Dct ) , which encode for proteins implicated in melanin synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression profile analysis demonstrated that the expression of membrane associated transporter protein ( MATP ) varied similarly to the melanogenic enzymes dopachrome tautomerase ( DCT ) and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TYRP 1 ) ( Proc . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase ( TYR ) , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TYRP1 / gp75 ) and dopachrome tautomerase ( DCT / TYRP2 ) belong to a family of melanocyte specific gene products involved in melanin pigmentation . ^^^ Selective down regulation of tyrosinase family gene TYRP 1 by inhibition of the activity of melanocyte transcription factor , MITF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Microphthalmia associated transcription factor is thought to bind to the M box promoter elements of tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 and dopachrome tautomerase / tyrosinase related protein 2 and transactivate these genes , resulting in increased pigmentation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using northern blots , we show that in DMEL 2 cells , TPA significantly increases the messenger ribonucleic acid ( mRNA ) levels of the tyrosinase gene family ( tyrosinase , Tyrp 1 and Dct ) and the expression of Mitf . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 , TRP 2 and MART 1 / Melan A mRNA varied from undetectable ( < 10 ( 4 ) transcripts / cell ) to 10 ( 3 ) transcripts / cell , i . e . by a factor > 10 ( 7 ) in the different cell lines . ^^^ Tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 mRNA correlated significantly with the amount of 5 S cysteinyldopa , an intermediate pigment metabolite ( P < 0 . 001 , P < 0 . 001 and P < 0 . 01 , respectively ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Co infection of the recombinant adenoviruses carrying tyrosinase ( Ad HT ) and TRP 1 ( Ad TRP 1 ) resulted in the enhancement of tyrosinase activity and melanin production compared to a single infection of Ad HT . ^^^ Our findings indicate that the dominant negative mutant of Rab 7 impairs vesicular transport of tyrosinase and TRP 1 , suggesting that the transport of these melanogenic proteins from the trans Golgi network to maturing melanosomes requires passage through endosome delineated compartments . . ^^^ Tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 require Rab 7 for their intracellular transport . ^^^ We have recently identified the association of Rab 7 in melanosome biogenesis and proposed that Rab 7 is involved in the transport of tyrosinase related protein 1 from the trans Golgi network to melanosomes , possibly passing through late endosome delineated compartments . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The microphthalmia associated transcription factor ( MITF ) , which belongs to the family of bHLH LZ type transcription factors , regulates the transcription of melanogenesis related enzyme genes such as the tyrosinase and TRP 1 genes . ^^^ We investigated whether MITF regulates human MC1R gene expression through the same transcriptional mechanism as tyrosinase and TRP 1 genes in melanocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results excluded the equine tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TYRP 1 ) and melanocyte protein 17 ( Pmel 17 ) genes as possible candidates for the grey phenotype in horses . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The relative expression of a number of key mediators of human pigmentation including tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TYRP 1 ) , endothelin 1 and adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( ACTH ) proteins were analysed and quantified in immunohistochemically stained skin sections using semiquantitative computer assisted image analysis . ^^^ Ethnic variation in tyrosinase and TYRP 1 expression in photoexposed and photoprotected human skin . ^^^ Tyrosinase protein expression in melanocytes did not vary with ethnicity , but TYRP 1 protein was significantly elevated ( approximately 2 . 6 fold ) in darkly pigmented African and Indian skin types compared with lightly pigmented Mexican , Chinese and European skin types . ^^^ In melanocytes from chronically photoexposed skin , there was a modest but significant increase in the expression of tyrosinase protein ( approximately 1 . 2 fold , P < 0 . 001 , n = 48 ; paired t test ) , together with a significant and slightly larger increase in the expression of TYRP 1 protein ( approximately 1 . 6 fold , P < 0 . 005 , n = 48 ; paired t test ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Levels of mRNA and protein were measured in genes known to be up or down regulated by agouti in the mouse , namely microphthalmia ( Mitf ) , tyrosinase ( Tyr ) , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( Tyrp 1 ) , dopachrome tautomerase ( Dct ) , Mc1r , silver , initiation transcription factor 2 ( Itf 2 ) and mini chromosome maintenance protein 6 ( Mcm 6 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We addressed this question by analyzing the enzymatic activity and glycosylation pattern of mouse tyrosinase point mutants and chimeric constructs , where selected portions of tyrosinase were replaced by the homologous fragments of the highly similar tyrosinase related protein 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One of the reasons was suspected to be that bFGF was expressed systemically by the promoter of tyrosinase related protein 1 gene and may lead to lethality . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , OTX 2 binds specifically to a bicoid motif present in the promoter regions of three Mitf target genes , QNR 71 , TRP 1 , and tyrosinase , leading to their transactivation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PD 98059 was found to prevent the S1P induced MITF phosphorylation and degradation and to abrogate the S1P induced downregulation of tyrosinase and of tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) production . ^^^ Therefore , we suggest that S1P reduces melanin synthesis by ERK activation , MITF phosphorylation and degradation , and by the subsequent downregulation of tyrosinase and TRP 1 production . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 ) is a DOPAchrome tautomerase catalyzing a distal step in the melanin synthesis pathway . ^^^ Similar to the other two melanogenic enzymes belonging to the TRP gene family , tyrosinase and TRP 1 , TRP 2 is expressed in melanocytes and melanoma cells . ^^^ Clearly , TRP 2 has a distinct maturation pathway from tyrosinase and TRP 1 and possibly a second regulatory function within the cell . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The use of semipermeabilized mouse melanocytes defective for tyrosinase or other melanocyte specific proteins as the ER source indicated that proper TYR maturation and oligomerization were greatly aided by the presence of wild type tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This was despite being able to show expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 markers , although at reduced levels and an ability to convert exogenous 3 , 4 dihydroxyphenyl alanine ( DOPA ) to melanin in these strains . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TYRP 1 ) , which is involved in the coat colour pathway , was mapped to BTA 8 between microsatellites BL 1080 and BM 4006 , using a microsatellite in intron 5 of TYRP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Its role in differentiation pathways has been highlighted by its potent transcriptional and lineage specific regulation of the three major pigment enzymes : tyrosinase , Tyrp 1 , and Dct as well as other pigmentation factors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OCA 4 melanocytes were found to be constantly secreted into the medium dark vesicles that contain tyrosinase and two other melanogenic enzymes , Tyrp 1 ( tyrosinase related protein 1 ) and Dct ( DOPAchrome tautomerase ) ; this secretory process is not seen in wild type melanocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Nevertheless , until now it has not been possible to show that MITF regulates the expression of the endogenous tyrosinase or Tyrp 1 . ^^^ However , infection with the MITF dominant negative mutant inhibits the expression of endogenous tyrosinase and Tyrp 1 proteins and blocks cAMP induced melanin synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In stage 3 4 hair follicles , the majority of intrafollicular melanocytes remain tyrosinase related protein 2+ and Ki67+ , whereas some located adjacent to the forming dermal papilla begin to express tyrosinase related protein 1 , an early marker of differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Marker expression in histopathologically positive and negative SLNs were as follows : 89 % , 92 % , 35 % , and 43 % ( positive ) and 40 % , 33 % , 5 % , and 13 % ( negative ) for tyrosinase , melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 , tyrosinase related protein 1 , and tyrosinase related protein 2 , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tyrosinase family of genes in vertebrates consists of three related members encoding melanogenic enzymes , tyrosinase ( Tyr ) , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 , Tyrp 1 ) and tyrosinase related protein 2 ( Dct , TRP 2 , Tyrp 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show that in murine amelanotic in vitro transformed melanocytes as well as in human amelanotic metastatic melanoma cell lines , the expression of Rab 32 is markedly reduced or absent , in parallel with the loss of expression of two key enzymes for the production of melanin , tyrosinase and Tyrp 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For proper melanin production , several specific enzymes such as tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) and dopachrome tautomerase are required . ^^^ However , it is not known how long tyrosinase and TRP 1 activities continue after UV irradiation in vivo . ^^^ The purpose of this study is to measure the changes in expressions of tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and MITF after exposure to UV on skin in a Korean population . ^^^ Tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and MITF expressions increased until 7 days after UV irradiation and then dropped to the basal constitutive level 4 and 8 weeks later . ^^^ Interestingly , tyrosinase increased prior to TRP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Protein kinase C beta mediated complex formation between tyrosinase and TRP 1 . ^^^ To further elucidate the mechanism by which phosphorylation of tyrosinase by PKC beta leads to the activation of tyrosinase , a possible complex formation between phosphorylated tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , a melanogenic protein suggested to influence tyrosinase activity , was investigated . ^^^ Non denaturing gel electrophoresis of melanocyte lysate revealed two molecular weight forms of TRP 1 and a monoclonal antibody against TRP 1 co immunoprecipitated tyrosinase and TRP 1 , suggesting that TRP 1 may be complexed with tyrosinase . ^^^ Activation of PKC by treating melanocytes with phorbol 12 , 13 dibutyrate ( PDBu ) increased the level of tyrosinase co immunoprecipitated with TRP 1 ; whereas a selective PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide inhibited PDBu induced increase in the level of tyrosinase co immunoprecipitated with TRP 1 . ^^^ These results suggest that phosphorylation of tyrosinase by PKC beta induces a complex formation between tyrosinase and TRP 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we show that LY 294002 up regulates the expression of the melanogenic enzymes , tyrosinase and Tyrp 1 , through a transcriptional mechanism that involves microphthalmia associated transcription factor , a basic helix loop helix transcription factor , which plays a key role in melanocyte survival and differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase ( TYR ) is absolutely required for melanogenesis , but other melanosomal proteins , such as TYRP 1 , DCT , and gp 100 , also play important roles in regulating mammalian pigmentation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Detection of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 sequences from peripheral blood of melanoma patients using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction . ^^^ Melanocyte specific tyrosinase ( TYR ) and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TYRP 1 ) were selected as targets of RT PCR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OCA 3 , also known as rufous / red albinism , is caused by mutations in the TYRP 1 gene , which encodes the tyrosinase related protein 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To elucidate such a direct effect of AHAs on melanogenesis , we performed melanin assays , growth curve determinations , Northern and Western blotting for melanogenic proteins [ tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 and TRP 2 ] , and tyrosinase and , 4 dihydroxyphenylalaninechrome tautomerase enzyme activity assays using mouse B 16 and human melanoma cells . ^^^ Although the mRNA and protein expression or molecular size of tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 were not affected , tyrosinase activity was inhibited . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As such they are distinct from oculocutaneous albinism , which is associated with defects in the production of melanin ( e . g . , TRP 1 , P gene , and tyrosinase ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tyrosinase family comprises three members , tyrosinase ( Tyr ) , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( Tyrp 1 ) , and dopachrome tautomerase ( Dct ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The authors previously demonstrated the existence of T cell clones in this patient ' s peripheral blood and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes ( TILs ) reactive against multiple antigens , including gp 100 , the tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 2 , a novel TRP 2 isoform TRP 2 6b , SOX 10 , and the melanoma antigen NY ESO 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We now report that gp 100 is processed and sorted in a manner distinct from other melanosomal proteins ( such as tyrosinase , Tyrp 1 and Dct ) and is predominantly delivered directly to immature melanosomes following its rapid processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and cis Golgi . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
From the neurula through the early tailbud stage , HrMitf is preferentially expressed in the pigment lineage cells that express the lineage specific melanogenesis genes tyrosinase ( HrTyr ) and Tyrp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the hypothesis that mutations in the albinism genes Tyrosinase , the P Gene , and TYRP 1 may also be responsible for congenital esotropia via a similar mechanism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is shown that the endogenous Trp fluorescence of tyrosinase from Streptomyces antibioticus is remarkably sensitive to the redox state . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , a dominant negative MITF lacking the N terminus has been shown to down regulate tyrosinase and Trp 1 expression in normal melanocytes and mouse B 16 melanoma cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Numerous proteins involved in melanocyte function have been identified including pMel 17 , Mitf M , Sox 10 , tyrosinase , tyrosinase related proteins 1 ( TRP 1 ) and 2 ( TRP 2 ) . ^^^ In order to evaluate the implications of some known melanogenic proteins in human hair pigmentation , we performed immunohistochemical studies to reveal the expression of pMel 17 , Mitf M , tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 in active bulb melanocytes of eumelanic brown and black anagen hairs of different ethnic origins , e . g . brown Caucasian , black Asian and African hairs . ^^^ We found that while pMel 17 , TRP 1 and TRP 2 were expressed in epidermal melanocytes irrespective of ethnic origin and melanin content of the scalp epidermis , Mitf M and tyrosinase expression were clearly evidenced only in pigmented epidermis , e . g . ^^^ Regarding human hair , pMel 17 , Mitf M , tyrosinase and TRP 1 were detected in a similar manner in active bulb melanocytes of brown and black hairs . ^^^ Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) performed on hair bulb mRNA demonstrated that Mitf M , tyrosinase and TRP 1 amplimer signals were easily detected , whereas the TRP 2 amplimer signal was barely detectable . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( Tyrp 1 ) , dopachrome tautomerase ( Dct ) , and LAMP 1 and 3 localization in HPS 3 melanocytes , as evaluated by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy , demonstrated a fine , floccular distribution in contrast to the coarse , granular distribution characteristic of control melanocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Melanocytes characterized by the activities of tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 and TRP 2 as well as by melanosomes and dendrites are located mainly in the epidermis , dermis and hair bulb of the mammalian skin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blot analysis demonstrated an increase in the expression of tyrosinase , tyrosinase related proteins 1 and 2 ( TRP 1 and TRP 2 ) at the protein level and RT PCR analysis revealed stimulated transcription of tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 mRNAs in PTLF treated B16F10 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interestingly , melanoma cells expressing mutant BRAF RNAi had increased pigmentation , produced more mature melanosomes and melanin and expressed higher levels of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 , whereas melanogenesis was not induced by wild type INK4A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gene expression of RPE 65 , CRALBP , bestrophin , and tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 2 was upregulated in RPE cells cultured on AM compared to cells cultured on plastic . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have investigated whether a Vogt Koyanagi Harada ( VKH ) like disease can be induced in Akita dogs by immunizing them with tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , and compared the alterations induced to those of Akita dogs with a spontaneously occurring disease that resembles human VKH disease . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase , Tyrp 1 , and Dct / Tyrp2 were atypically and distinctly expressed in HPS 1 and HPS 3 melanocytes , whereas only tyrosinase showed an atypical distribution in HPS 2 melanocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The highly preferred cluster residues are ( in order of decreasing preference ) Trp , His , Arg , Tyr , Glu , Gln and Phe . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effect of specific chemical modification of Arg , His , Lys , Trp , Tyr and Asp / Glu residues of types A , B and E neurotoxins on lethality and antigenicity , and 7 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The photodestruction of TRP residues of this tight binding repressor , bearing two different amino acids as compared to the wild type one ( Ser 61 Leu , Pro 3 Tyr ) indicates a probably subtle ( since not detected by classical spectroscopic methods ) difference of structure of the entire protein and confirms the similarity between specific and non specific binding of this mutant repressor to DNA , observed by other methods . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this case , complexation constants increased in the order : Phe less than Tyr less than Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There were significant differences of postprandial plasma concentrations for 8 amino acids ( Cys , Val , Met , Leu , Tyr , Lys , Trp , and Arg ) depending on whether pigs consumed a meal containing casein or isolated soy protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Trp / N . , Met / S therefore Br Trp / N . and Met / S therefore Br Tyr / O . has been investigated at various pH levels and temperatures in model peptides : Trp ( Pro ) n Tyr , Trp ( Gly ) n Tyr , Trp ( Pro ) n Met ( n = 0 3 ) , Tyr Phe Met Arg Phe NH 2 10 2AcOH , Met 5 enkephaline and [ D Ala ] 2Met5 enkephaline . ^^^ Tyr / O . transformation at pH 8 were found to decrease exponentially with the distance between Trp and Tyr in the proline peptides , while in the glycine peptides the rate of the transformation is less dependent on the number of bridging glycine residues . ^^^ These activation parameters seem to indicate that a tunnelling mechanism is involved in the electron transfer between strictly oriented aromatic moieties of Trp and Tyr . ^^^ The variation of the activation parameters with average separation distance in the case of Trp ( Pro ) n Tyr shows a predominance of the electronic factor over the nuclear in determining the distance dependence of the electron transfer rate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyr and Trp most readily fulfil these catholic physicochemical requirements and thus would be expected to be common in combining sites on theoretical grounds . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This reveals a unique structural feature at the copper site with a novel thioether bond linking Cys 228 and Tyr 272 in a stacking interaction with Trp 290 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phenylalanine , Met , Trp , Cys , Tyr , Asp and Glu methyl esters depleted monocytes from PBMC , caused inhibition of NK activity , and allowed LAK activation at high cell density . ^^^ The D series of the active L amino acid ( Met , Tyr and Trp ) methyl esters were not active . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Each of these antibodies has been selectively labeled with 13C at the carbonyl carbon of Trp , Tyr , His , or Cys residue by growing hybridoma cells in serum free medium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For many years , we have been studying , in psychiatric conditions , the influx of tyrosine ( TYR ) and tryptophan ( TRP ) , the two amino acid precursors of monoamines , across the membrane of human blood cells . ^^^ The effect of cytochalasin B was about 200 times less for TYR and TRP transport than for glucose . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to investigate the role of the carboxy terminal segment in the catalytic , regulatory , and structural properties of the major allosteric phosphofructokinase ( ATP : D fructose 6 phosphate 1 phosphotransferase : EC 2 . 7 . 1 . 11 ) from Escherichia coli , the corresponding gene has been modified at either of two sites using oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis : the codon at position 279 was changed from TAC ( Tyr ) into TAA ( Ochre ) , and the codon at position 311 from TGG ( Trp ) into TAG ( Amber ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mutations included replacement of 1 ) Glu 200 , predicted to hydrogen bond to the 2 ' OH of cAMP bound to site A , with Asp , 2 ) Tyr 371 , the site of affinity labeling with 8 N 3 cAMP in site B , with Trp , and 3 ) Phe 247 , the position in site A that is homologous to Tyr 371 in site B , with Tyr . ^^^ Photoaffinity labeling of the native R subunit results in the covalent modification of two residues , Trp 260 and Tyr 371 , by 8 N 3 cAMP bound to sites A and B , respectively , with a stoichiometry of 1 mol of 8 N 3 cAMP incorporated per mol of R monomer ( Bubis , J . , and Taylor , S . ^^^ A stoichiometry of 1 mol of 8 N 3 cAMP incorporated per R monomer was observed for each mutant regulatory subunit as well , even when 2 mol of 8 N 3 cAMP were bound per R monomer ; however , the major sites of covalent modification were altered as follows : R ( Y371 / W ) , Trp 371 ; R ( E200 / D ) , Tyr 371 , and R ( F247 / Y ) , Tyr 371 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chemical modifications in the partial sequences NKA ( 4 10 ) and NKB ( 4 10 ) , particularly the replacement of Val 7 with an aromatic residue ( Tyr , MePhe or Trp ) and the extension of the peptide backbone in position 8 , obtained with beta Ala , led to compounds that maintain weak agonistic activities on the NK 1 and NK 2 , and some of them also on NK 3 receptors but exert potent antagonism against NKB on the NK 3 receptor of the rat portal vein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the aromatic region of the spectra , the assignment of the ring spin systems is nearly complete ( 12 / 15 Phe , 2 / 2 Tyr , 1 / 1 Trp , and 3 / 4 His ) . ^^^ This has successfully lead to the complete assignment of all of their beta CH ' s , main chain alpha CH resonances , and many of the backbone amide resonances ( 8 / 12 Phe , 2 / 2 Tyr , 1 / 1 Trp , and 2 / 3 His ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The main chain amide 1H 15N resonances and H alpha resonances were resolved and classified into 18 amino acid types by using HMQC and 15N edited COSY measurements , respectively , of T 4 lysozymes selectively enriched with one or more of alpha 15N labeled Ala , Arg , Asn , Asp , Gly , Gln , Glu , Ile , Leu , Lys , Met , Phe , Ser , Thr , Trp , Tyr , or Val . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A group of eight protein amino acids ( Met , Arg , Tyr , Val , Trp , Leu , Lys and Cys ) exhibited the most marked and significant protein dependent differences during this early postprandial phase , whereas Thr and His showed less marked differences . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Raman spectroscopy was used to determine structural features of the native toxin alpha from Naja nigricollis , which contains only one Trp and one Tyr , and of chemically modified toxins having chromophores added to these two conserved aromatic amino acids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The code in non plant mt differs from the universal code in the following usages found in various organisms : UGA for Trp , AUA for Met , AGR for Ser and stop , AAA for Asn , CUN for Thr , and possibly UAA for Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The majority of these side reactions modify susceptible residues , such as Trp , Tyr , Met , and Cys , with TFA liberated side chain protecting groups and linkers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The optical properties of the Trp and Tyr residues of CaVP indicate that the calmodulin derived model represents the most plausible prediction . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Owing to the intricate contact between the lipidic core and the apolipoproteins , the Trp residues of human serum LDL and HDL 3 are very rapidly oxidized , i . e . , at least one order of magnitude faster than Tyr HDL and Lys LDL , which are believed to be involved in the binding of these lipoproteins to their cell receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Based on sequence comparisons with known tRNAs , only those for phe , trp , and tyr are encoded in Paramecium mt DNA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
THR , CIT , alpha AB , VAL , MET , ILE , LEU , TYR , PHE , TRP , and ARG . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Raman spectra also show the following : ( 1 ) The molecular environments of as many as four tryptophan residues per subunit are altered upon packaging RNA , resulting in stronger 1N H hydrogen bonding for two Trp residues and more hydrophobic environments for two indole rings . ( 2 ) Hydrogen bonding states of the seven Tyr residues per subunit do not change detectably when RNA is packaged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One hundred ninety two CSF samples from 50 subjects , which were selected to minimize the effects of the disease and its treatment ( i . e . , to approach `` normality ' ' as closely as possible ) , were analyzed for the monoamine precursors tyrosine ( Tyr ) and tryptophan ( Trp ) and the metabolites homovanillic acid ( HVA ) and 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid ( 5 HIAA ) . ^^^ Significant correlations were observed between the acid metabolites HVA and 5 HIAA ( r = 0 . 79 ) and between the amino acid precursors Tyr and Trp ( r = 0 . 71 ) . ^^^ No significant sex differences for CSF levels of HVA , 5 HIAA , Tyr , or Trp were found . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The polypeptide chain of myoglobin was cleaved with BrCN ( at Met residues ) or with bromosuccinimide ( at Trp and Tyr residues ) under conditions which on average gave less than one scission per myoglobin molecule . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hypoxia did not alter striatal concentrations of DA , 5HT , Trp , Tyr , 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid , or homovanillic acid . ^^^ However , NaNO 2 ( 75 mg / kg ) reduced the rates of conversion of [ 3H ] Tyr to [ 3H ] DA ( 41 % ) and [ 3H ] Trp to [ 3H ] 5 HT ( 39 % ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
With dimethyl sulfoxide used as a perturbant , the exposure of Trp and Tyr residues in various mixtures of chloroform methanol was evaluated by difference spectroscopy of the proteolipid protein ( APL ) and its chemically deacylated form ( d APL ) . ^^^ In water , UV difference spectroscopy indicated that the number of Tyr and Trp groups exposed in both APL and d APL was relatively small and was independent of the molecular size of the perturbant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This enzyme shows a proteolytic activity in presence of calcium on synthetic substrates including Phe , Tyr and Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Site directed mutagenesis of the c src gene was used to generate c src variants encoding pp60c src proteins with the following amino acid alterations : tyr 90 to phe ( pm90F ) ; tyr 92 to phe ( pm92F ) ; arg 95 to either trp , lys , glu or gln ( pm95W , 95K , 95E and 95Q , respectively ) , and deletion of residues 92 95 ( dl 92 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The single channel data for 4 different linear gramicidins containing either 4 Trp , 4 Phe , 4 Tyr or TyrBzl have been analyzed on the basis of 3 barriers 2 sites model . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Also , the replacement of the amino acid number 2 ( Trp ) by Tyr or Phe was followed by a loss of the insulin lowering effect of galanin at this dose level . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The singly nitrated molecule ( on Tyr 7 ) binds the trp operator with an affinity close to that of the unmodified repressor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , in reticulocytes , distinct types of the N end recognizing activity are shown to be specific for three classes of primary destabilizing residues : basic ( Arg , Lys , His ) , bulky hydrophobic ( Phe , Leu , Trp , Tyr ) , and small uncharged ( Ala , Ser , Thr ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Predictions of the structures of mutant rhinovirus 14 with the substitutions 1188 Val Leu , 1199 Cys Tyr and 1199 Cys Trp in VP 1 were made using a molecular dynamics technique . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tryptic mapping of nexly synthetized alpha MSH generated two fragments with the following amino acid composition : ( T 1 ) Trp , Pro , Lys , Gly , Val and ( T 2 ) Tyr , Arg , Phe , His , Ser , Glu . ^^^ The sequence of the peptide determined by automated Edman degradation was Ser Tyr Ser Met Glu His Phe Arg Trp Gly Lys Pro Val . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The side chains of two Tyr , one or two Phe , and one Trp are probably directly involved in nucleotide base protein interactions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These include Tyr 36 and , within the kringle inner loop , Trp 62 , His 64 , Trp 72 , and Tyr 74 . ^^^ A strong dipolar interaction was observed among the Trp 25 indole NH 1 , the Tyr 50 amide NH , and the His48a imidazole CH 2 protons , which affords evidence for an aromatic cluster in t PA kringle 2 similar to that found at the hydrophobic kernel of PGN kringles . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In previous papers , we reported a deficit in tyrosine ( TYR ) and tryptophan ( TRP ) transport across the erythrocyte membrane in depressed patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The thermal transition involves the exposure of approximately 0 . 7 of the 2 Trp residues / subunit ( by UV difference spectroscopy ) and 2 of the 17 Tyr residues / subunit ( change in exposure from 4 . 7 to 6 . 7 Tyr / subunit by second derivative spectral analysis ) . ^^^ Monitoring changes in Trp and Tyr exposure independently gives data that conform to a two state model for partial unfolding with Tm values ( where delta G unfolding = 0 ) differing by 2 3 degrees C at each level of [ Mn2+ ] studied and with average delta HvH values of 80 and 94 kcal / mol , respectively . ^^^ The high temperature Mn enzyme form is somewhat less unfolded than is the catalytically inactive apoenzyme , which undergoes no further Trp or Tyr exposure on heating and therefore is assumed to be the high temperature form of divalent cation free GS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The amino acid precursors , tryptophan ( TRP ) and tyrosine ( TYR ) were measured along with the 5 HT and DA metabolites , 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid ( 5 HIAA ) and homovanillic acid ( HVA ) , in brain and cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) at the above ages . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results showed that : ( 1 ) The patients who developed MSOF later had significantly lower levels of Pro , Gly Arg , Val , Leu , Ile , and BCAA / AAA , and higher values of Phe , Trp , Tyr , and Phe / Tyr than those who did not develop MSOF . ( 2 ) The incidence rate of MSOF increased as the ratio of BCAA / AAA decreased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Addition of standard solutions containing Tyr , His and especially Phe and Trp to plasma at neutral pH * results in poor recovery of their expected signal intensity in spin echo spectra . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Substitution of the Phe 60 residue by Val , Ser , Leu , His , Tyr and Trp gave proteins with no or only minor conformational changes , as detected by NMR spectroscopy . ^^^ The affinity of the mutant E . coli SSB proteins for single stranded DNA decreased in the order Trp greater than Phe ( wild type ) greater than Tyr greater than Leu greater than His greater than Val greater than Ser , leading to the conclusion that position 60 is a site of hydrophobic interaction of the protein with DNA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Four artificial mutant variants of human growth hormone ( hGH ) with the following characteristics were prepared in Escherichia coli by in vitro mutagenesis : ( 1 ) replacement of Trp 86 with Tyr ( W86Y hGH ) ; ( 2 ) deletion of Trp 86 ( delta W 86 hGH ) ; ( 3 ) deletion of residues 32 46 ( 20 kd hGH ) ; and ( 4 ) deletion of residues 32 71 ( 17 . 5 kd hGH ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It was found that : ( 1 ) The absence of one amino acid from the growth media had no effect on the plasmid copy number in prototrophic E . coli strains : ( 2 ) The presence of only one amino acid in artificial media free of amino acids had a negligible effect on the plasmid copy number for the amino acids Ala , Arg , Glu , His , Leu , Phe , Thr , Trp , and Tyr : ( 3 ) The combination of Met and Thr caused a rise in pBR 322 plasmid copy number up to 90 100 plasmid copies per cell : ( 4 ) The Fe3+ concentration had an amplification effect on E . coli plasmids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The CIDNP spectra of constant region CL fragments , which were derived from lambda type Bence Jones proteins with three different isotypes , gave polarizations originating from two Tyr and one Trp residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The three NTs were examined for secondary structure parameters ( alpha helix , beta sheet , beta turn and random coil content ) on the basis of circular dichroism ; degree of exposed Tyr residues ( second derivative spectroscopy ) and state of the Trp residues ( fluorescence and fluorescence quantum yield ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It has been shown that the spectrum is largely a result of contributions from Trp 120 and from Tyr 68 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
With a view to tailoring the specificity of BSLDH toward carbonyl substrates that lack an alpha carboxyl group such as ketones , site directed mutagenesis has been applied to replace Arg 171 by the approximately isosteric , but hydrophobic , amino acids Tyr and Trp . ^^^ Surprisingly , the 171 Tyr / Trp enzymes are significantly more active than 171 Lys ( Hart et al . , 1987a ) , for which an interaction of a positively charged side chain with substrate COO is retained . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To elucidate the role of Tyr 80 in stabilizing the enzyme , the KNTase gene was modified by site directed mutagenesis so that the codon for Asp 80 of the wild type was replaced by that for Ser , Thr , Ala , Val , Leu , Phe and Trp , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Peptide 1 41 contains the aromatic residues Tyr and Trp in positions 24 and 41 , respectively , and is suitable for fluorescence spectroscopy . ^^^ Binding of Ca2+ and of phospholipids involves essentially the Tyr residue , while the C terminal characteristics of the Trp residue remain unchanged . ^^^ The conformational change which takes place on binding does not shorten the distance between Tyr and Trp beyond 2 . 8 nm . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The CD spectra of the mutant proteins , substituted by Tyr or Trp residue in place of Glu residue at position 49 , showed more intense positive bands due to one additional Tyr or Trp residue at position 49 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although tryptophan ( Trp ) and tyrosine ( Tyr ) are found in TF 1 , the fluorescence spectrum of native TF 1 and its subunits is dominated by Tyr fluorescence ; this is in contrast to other proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Comparison of the activity profile of additional compounds , such as des acetyl alpha MSH , ( Tyr ( 1 ) 2 ) alpha MSH , ( Trp ( For ) 9 ) alpha MSH or ( Nva 12 ) alpha MSH , in the adrenocortical and pigment cell assays led to the conclusion that alpha MSH does not exert its steroidogenic effect through a typical melanocyte type of MSH receptor , but rather through a low affinity type of ACTH receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyramine , phenethylamine , and tryptamine , the decarboxylation products of the aromatic amino acids ( Tyr , Phe , and Trp , respectively ) , reversed the inhibitory action of 1 microM GABA on [ 35S ] TBPS binding more potently than the parent amino acids ( EC 50 values = 1 . 5 3 . 0 mM ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analogs of a potent octapeptide analog of somatostatin ( SRIF ) H ( D ) Phe Cys Tyr ( D ) Trp Lys Val Cys Thr ( NH 2 ) were synthesized . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We find a short region of homology ( consensus Ile Tyr Pro Trp Met ) in four of the cDNAs , which is also present in Antennapedia and that may correspond to a bend region preceding the homeodomain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Six of these locations encode the genes for tRNA ( phe ) , tRNA ( his ) , tRNA ( trp ) , and tRNA ( glu ) , and the duplicate tRNA ( tyr ) genes which are located at the inverted terminal repeat segments . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ratios in plasma of tryptophan ( Trp ) and tyrosine ( Tyr ) to other large neutral amino acids were determined in 26 endogenous depressives before and after treatment with nortriptyline in doses adequate to achieve a steady state serum level between 70 and 130 ng / ml , i . e . , within the recommended therapeutic range . ^^^ Pretreatment plasma Trp ratio and Tyr ratio were normal and did not change significantly during treatment . ^^^ The plasma Trp and Tyr concentrations and the plasma Trp ratio showed no significant association with the therapeutic response . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The complete amino acid sequence of the protein ( 104 amino acid residues ) was determined : 6 Asp , 4 Asn , 4 Thr , 14 Ser , 3 Glu , 4 Gln , 4 Pro , 15 Gly , 9 Ala , 4 Cys , 6 Val , 2 Ile , 4 Leu , 10 Tyr , 4 Phe , 3 His , 4 Arg , 1 Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pretreatment plasma ratios of tryptophan ( Trp ) and tyrosine ( Tyr ) to other large neutral amino acids were determined in 27 depressed patients who completed a double blind trial of citalopram , a selective serotonin uptake inhibitor , against maprotiline , a selective noradrenaline uptake inhibitor . ^^^ The Trp ratio and the Tyr ratio were decreased in the total patient sample as compared with healthy controls . ^^^ There was no significant relationship between the plasma Trp ratio and the probenecid induced accumulation of 5 HIAA in the CSF , or between the plasma Tyr ratio and HVA level in CSF , whereas the CSF level of MHPG correlated significantly with the plasma Tyr ratio . ^^^ There was a significantly positive correlation between the Trp ratio , the Tyr ratio , their sum and the final Hamilton depression score in 14 patients treated with citalopram ; on the whole , this association was evident also in the endogenous and non endogenous subgroups . ^^^ The results suggest that the plasma Trp and Tyr ratios may be determinants of clinical improvement in depressed patients to treatment with citalopram and maprotiline . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The four LHRHs known to occur in nature involve a total of six amino acids ( Tyr , His , Leu , Trp , Arg , Gln ) in positions 5 , 7 , and 8 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Commun . 27 , 157 ) Tyr seems to be better than Phe and Trp , concerning kcat values . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The S 1 primary specificity subsite of the enzyme can bind Leu and 2 aminohexanoic acid as well , besides the aromatic amino acids Phe , Tyr , Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Identified as mtDNA encoded were 2 spots for tRNA ( leu ) , 2 for tRNA ( met ) , and 1 each for tRNA ( phe ) , tRNA ( trp ) and tRNA ( tyr ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lipoxygenases purified from tomato , rat liver and soybean show a fluorescence band centered at 648 nm , which is likely to derive from Tyr and Trp . 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Derivatives were successfully obtained with both neutral ( Leu , Val , Ala , Ile , Trp , Tyr , Gly ) and one acidic ( Glu ) amino acids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The wild type ( with Asp 189 in the mature trypsin sequence ) and mutant ( Ser 189 ) trypsinogens were expressed in Escherichia coli , purified to homogeneity , activated by enterokinase , and tested with a series of fluorogenic tetrapeptide substrates with the general formula succinyl Ala Ala Pro Xaa AMC , where AMC is 7 amino 4 methyl coumarin and Xaa is Lys , Arg , Tyr , Phe , Leu , or Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The erythrocyte membrane transport ( MT ) of L tyrosine ( TYR ) and L tryptophan ( TRP ) and their plasma concentration showed abnormal mean values in 37 depressed patients compared to control subjects before treatment . ^^^ In bipolar disorders the TYR values were all low and the TRP values showed little change , except a low level of plasma TRP . ^^^ In major depression , MT were abnormal ( MT TYR low , MT TRP high ) with a very low plasma TRP . ^^^ In dysthymic disorders the TYR and TRP values were normal . ^^^ In contrast , only plasma TYR and TRP were significantly increased in patients without recovery . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The solute perturbation techniques of fluorescence of tryptophan ( Trp ) and dye labeled thiol groups of cysteine as well as phosphorescence of tyrosine ( Tyr ) were utilized to obtain information on the relative solvent exposure and accessibility of these residues in gamma crystallins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We evaluated to what extent the tyrosine ( TYR ) and tryptophan ( TRP ) transport by the red cells was stable in normal subjects during divers clinical conditions . ^^^ The values of TYR and TRP transport were found to be individually determined , showed no circadian oscillations and no changes during the menstrual cycle , but varied somewhat more during the postpartum period . ^^^ A few normal subjects had low TYR and TRP transport values , as observed in patients with affective disorders . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two spectroscopically distinct types of tyrosine ( Tyr ) residues in triply point mutated bacteriophage T 4 lysozyme , which contains no tryptophan ( Trp ) , have been detected by optical detection of triplet state magnetic resonance ( ODMR ) spectroscopy . ^^^ The Tyr site which exhibits the lower D value and has the red shifted phosphorescence origin is quenched by energy transfer to Trp and has D and E values comparable to previously studied Tyr residues . ^^^ The blue shifted Tyr site , which is not quenched by Trp , exhibits a larger D value that has been found previously . ^^^ Calculation of energy transfer efficiencies of Tyr Trp pairs based on the crystal structure of the native enzyme provides a possible assignment of Tyr sites to the two different spectral types . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An investigation of spectral and kinetic properties of individual Trp residues was facilitated by measurements on point mutated proteins containing two Trp Tyr substitutions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , the conservative mutations Phe 42 Tyr and Phe 42 Trp did not cause significant reductions in bioactivity . ^^^ Phe 44 Ala , Cys 105 Ala , and Trp 121 Tyr also exhibited reduced bioactivity , but these mutants are conformationally perturbed relative to wild type . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Intracellular protein degradation in perfused livers of fed rats has been shown to be directly regulated by 7 amino acids ( Leu , Tyr , Gln , Pro , Met , His , and Trp ) and co regulated by alanine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It would seem from these results that O 3 can damage proteins via the oxidation of any of the following : tryptophan ( Trp ) , methionine ( Met ) , tyrosine ( Tyr ) , or histidine ( His ) residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The structure conformation relationships of a series of angiotensinogen 6 13 ( ANG 6 13 , His Pro Phe His Leu Val Ile His ) congeners substituted by Nin For Trp ( Ftr ) , D Ftr or Trp at the N terminus , Tyr at the C terminus and Phe psi [ CH2NH ] Phe at the P 1 P ' 1 cleavage site ( i . e . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , four anticodonic assignments , i . e . those for Trp , Tyr , Ile and the XGA anticodons for Ser , did not correlate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The UV difference spectra of the mixed against the separated [ Trp 1 ] A chains with the B chain at pH 10 . 8 are similar to those obtained for the unmodified chains except that the 295 nm negative peak for ionized Tyr residue appears to be less marked . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In 11 children affected by minimal change nephropathy ( MCN ) we determined the electrical charge and the fluorescence quantum yield of Tyrosine ( Tyr ) and Tryptophan ( Trp ) ( taken as index of conformation ) of serum and urinary albumin before and after steroid induced remission of proteinuria . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previous studies with livers from fed rats perfused in the single pass mode have shown that regulatory amino acids ( Leu , Tyr , Gln , Pro , Met , His , and Trp ) as a group as well as leucine alone inhibit deprivation induced protein degradation optimally at 0 . 5 and 4 times ( 10 ) normal plasma amino acid concentrations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The platinum ( 2 ) complexes of 2 , 2 ' bipyridine with glycine ( Gly ) , L alanine ( Ala ) , L leucine ( leu ) , L valine ( Val ) , L methionine ( Met ) , L phenylalanine ( Phe ) , L serine ( Ser ) , L tyrosine ( Tyr ) and L tryptophan ( Trp ) have been tested for mutagenesis using TA 100 and TA 98 strains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Conversion of Trp 62 of hen egg white lysozyme to Tyr by site directed mutagenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Type 2 substrates ( such as beta lactoglobulin or pepsinogen , that have a Leu residue at the NH 2 terminus ) are not affected by the above compounds , but are specifically inhibited by derivatives of bulky hydrophobic amino acids ( Leu , Trp , Phe , and Tyr ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ranks of activity of the amides on isolated amastigotes were Trp greater than Leu greater than Phe greater than Met greater than Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The enzyme preferentially released NH 2 terminal amino acid residues with large hydrophobic ( Phe , Trp , Leu , and Tyr ) or basic ( Arg and Lys ) side chains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The intramolecular distance between Tyr and Trp was 11 . 6 A . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The binding of Ca2+ to rat or bovine S 100 proteins , in the absence of ligands , showed a dissociation constant ( in 60 mM K+ ) of 0 . 5 to 1 . 0 mM as measured by the effects of Ca2+ on binding of S 100 to phenyl Sepharose , reactivity of sulfhydryl groups , and difference spectra for PHE , TYR , and TRP residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The side chains of aromatic residues , Trp , Tyr , and His , and of ionic residues , especially Arg , Lys , and Glu , are suggested to be important in the antigen antibody interaction . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In previous papers we reported a deficit of tyrosine ( TYR ) and tryptophan ( TRP ) transport across the erythrocyte membrane in depressed patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Amino acid analyses of ozone exposed inhibitors showed destruction of Trp , Met , Tyr , and His with as little as 10 mol O3 / mol protein , and higher levels of O 3 resulted in more extensive oxidation of susceptible residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One faster system allows measurement of the main biogenic amines , metabolites and TRP , whereas another system allows the simultaneous quantitation of DOPA , 5HTP , NA , MOPEG , NMN , A , MN , VMA , DA , 3MT , DOPAC , HVA , 5HT , 5HIAA and TYR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surprisingly , cells producing any of 14 of the mutant beta lactamases displayed appreciable resistance to ampicillin ; only cells with mutants having Tyr , Trp , Asp , Lys , or Arg at residue 71 had no observable resistance to ampicillin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A series of N terminal phosphonate derivatives , H2O3PCHPhNHR ( R = Leu , Phe , Trp , and / or Tyr ) , were synthesized with the aim of mimicking phosphoramidon , a potent inhibitor of enkephalinase , while avoiding the lability of the scissile P N bond . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two TYR R boxes have been identified , and one of these was shown to overlap the 35 region of a major tyrP promoter ( p 1 ) . ^^^ The demonstration that mutants in which TyrR tyrosine mediated repression of tyrP has been abolished have single base changes in the TYR R box which overlaps p 1 suggests that TyrR tyrosine mediated repression of tyrP also involves p 1 . ^^^ The sequences of 10 TYR R boxes preceding the genes tyrP , tyrR , and aroG and the operons aroF tyrA and aroL aroM are compared and discussed . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Incubation of LDL with intact granules ( both enzymes active ) led to the formation of numerous low molecular weight peptides and the liberation of free amino acids , most of which ( 95 % ) were aromatic ( Phe , Tyr , Trp ) or branched chain aliphatic ( Leu , Ile , Val ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Qualitative amino acid analysis of trypsin treated sacculi , a tryptic product of holo nitrate reductase , and amino and carboxypeptidase digests of both nitrate reductase subunits indicated the possible existence of a terminal anchoring peptide containing the following amino acids : ( Gly ) n , Trp , Ser , Pro , Ile , Leu , Phe , Cys , Tyr , Asp , and Lys . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ratios of Trp ( Trp / Tyr + Phe + Ile + Leu + Val ) , Tyr , Phe , and Val increased after glucose loading in all subjects , except Tyr in normal controls , which slightly decreased . ^^^ On the other hand , Ile and Leu ratios decreased ( Trp ; tryptophan , Tyr ; tyrosine , Phe ; phenylalanine , Ile ; isoleucine , Leu ; leucine , Val ; valine ) . ^^^ LC showed a characteristic pattern ; the ratios of Trp and Tyr were highest among all diseases at 3 hours after glucose loading , and those of Ile , Leu and Val were lowest . ^^^ In LC , delta Trp ratio and delta Tyr ratio were highest , while delta Val ratio was lowest . ^^^ From these results , the uptake of Trp and Tyr might be supposed to be highest and that of Val was lowest in LC , after glucose loading . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma concentrations of alanine ( Ala ) , aspartic acid ( Asp ) , asparagine ( Asn ) , arginine ( Arg ) , histidine ( His ) , isoleucine ( Ile ) , leucine ( Leu ) , lysine ( Lys ) , methionine ( Met ) , phenylalanine ( Phe ) , proline ( Pro ) , serine ( Ser ) , threonine ( Thr ) , and valine ( Val ) were significantly lower , whereas glutamate ( Glu ) , glycine ( Gly ) , ornithine ( Orn ) , tryptophan ( Trp ) , tyrosine ( Tyr ) , creatinine , urea , and ammonia levels were unchanged , after one hour of treadmill running in the trained rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the growth studies , weight gain was reduced 92 , 79 , 53 , 50 , 47 , 31 , 29 , 15 , 9 , 4 and 0 % by additions of 4 % Met , Phe , Trp , His , Lys , Tyr , Thr , Ile , Arg , Val and Leu , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Little or no inhibition was obtained with the N ( 2 hydroxy 2 , 2 diphenylacetyl derivatives HOC ( C6H5 ) 2CONHR ( R = Leu , Phe , Trp , or Tyr ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The highly conserved residues Phe 41 , Trp 42 and Tyr 45 , which form a hydrophobic cluster on the first helix , interact around a crystallographic two fold axis with the equivalent residues in another molecule to form a dimer in the crystal . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosine ( TYR ) levels were not changed , but tryptophan ( TRP ) was significantly increased by 20 % at 30 mg / kg of the compound . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Finally , 280 nm absorption coefficients , A 1 % , 1 cm 280 , of 5 27 are found to be well predicted by the Wetlaufer procedure based on the totals of Trp , Tyr and Cys residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Raman spectra of oxy and deoxyhemoglobin obtained with 218 and 200 nm pulsed ( 7 ns ) laser excitation show changes ( loss of 880 cm 1 tryptophan band intensity , increase in the 830 / 850 cm 1 tyrosine doublet intensity ratio ) which are attributed to the aromatic contacts ( Trp beta 37 Tyr alpha 140 and Tyr alpha 42 Asp beta 99 ) that are specific to the T quaternary structure . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The conformational behavior of CCK 7 , Tyr Met Gly Trp Met Asp Phe NH 2 , and CCK 8 , Asp Tyr Met Gly Trp Met Asp Phe NH 2 , in their sulfated and unsulfated forms , was studied both by 1H NMR spectroscopy in dimethyl d 6 sulfoxide and water and by fluorescence transfer measurements at pH 7 . ^^^ The low quantum yield of Tyr and the large mean distance ( R = 15 A ) between Tyr and Trp , determined by fluorescence transfer measurements , support the occurrence of folded conformations pushing the aromatic rings far from each other . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma ratios of tryptophan ( Trp ) and tyrosine ( Tyr ) to their respective competing large neutral amino acids ( LNAA ) for brain uptake , serum insulin and plasma glucose concentrations were determined in 31 fasting healthy female subjects , and in two smaller groups of smokers and oral contraceptive users , who were subsequently allowed to compose individual breakfast meals from a selection of 25 dietary products . ^^^ The ratio of carbohydrate / protein eaten was significantly and directly correlated with age and with the sum of plasma ratios Trp / LNAA and Tyr / LNAA , and these independent variables associated with 37 % of the variance in the ratio carbohydrate / protein consumed , as evaluated by multiple regression analysis . ^^^ After the meal , the plasma ratio Tyr / LNAA was increased , whereas the ratio Trp / LNAA was decreased in subjects whose ratio carbohydrate / protein consumed was below the mean of the full sample , whereas subjects who consumed meals with a high ratio carbohydrate / protein showed an increase in plasma ratio Trp / LNAA . ^^^ The changes in the plasma ratios Trp / LNAA and Tyr / LNAA after consumption were generally moderate . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ED 50 ( concentration for half maximal effect ) for methyl esters was ( in mM ) : Leu ( 0 . 62 ) , Trp ( 0 . 96 ) , Met ( 1 . 13 ) , Glu ( 2 . 0 ) , Phe ( 2 . 5 ) , and Tyr ( 3 . 8 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The amino acid composition of IgA affinity purified jacalin ( mol / 405 mol amino acids ) is Lys ( 24 ) , His ( 5 ) , Arg ( 4 ) , Trp ( 6 ) , Asx ( 36 ) , Thr ( 35 ) , Ser ( 48 ) , Glx ( 31 ) , Pro ( 18 ) , Gly ( 53 ) , Ala ( 13 ) , Val ( 25 ) , Met ( 3 ) , Ile ( 23 ) , Leu ( 25 ) , Tyr ( 30 ) , Phe ( 26 ) , which corresponds to a molecular weight of 44 . 163 kDa . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Met ( S therefore Br ) Trp ( indolyl ) Tyr ( phenoxyl ) , has been demonstrated by pulse radiolysis of N2O saturated aqueous solutions containing Br , Met Gly and Trp ( Gly ) 2 Tyr at pH 6 . 7 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gln 150 forms a bridge between Tyr 36 and Trp 131 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Frameshift mutations resulting in the changes of the same amino acid residue ( 140 ) in T 4 bacteriophage lysozyme and in vivo codons for Trp , Tyr , Met , Val and Ile . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Molecular models indicate that one side of the molecule bearing tyr ( 7 ) , trp ( 8 ) , pro ( 25 ) , glu ( 20 ) and lys ( 20 ) is very similar in its three dimensional structure to that part of the molecule of variant 3 toxin from Centruroides sculpturatus as revealed by 10 ray crystallography , bearing tyr ( 4 ) , trp ( 47 ) , gly ( 3 ) , glu ( 2 ) and lys ( 1 ) , all of which are invariant or allow only very conservative substitutions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The value , t Trp / BCAA + AAA , i . e . total Trp concentration ( mmol / l ) / concentration ( mmol / l ) of branched chain amino acids ( BCAA , Ile + Leu + Val ) plus aromatic amino acids ( AAA , Tyr + Phe ) , which is known to correlate with the brain Trp concentration of rats ( Fernstrom , J . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Arginine ( Arg ) , lysine ( Lys ) , tyrosine ( Tyr ) and tryptophan ( Trp ) were modified to estimate the amino acid residues participating in the formation of an ion pair with HABA . ^^^ The modification of Lys , Tyr and Trp residues caused no decrease in binding to either form . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Energy transfer between Trp and Tyr observed in aqueous solution was decreased by the addition of lipid or detergent . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mice received an intravenous pulse injection of [ 3H ] tryptophan ( TRP ) and [ 3H ] tyrosine ( TYR ) at 2 . 5 , 5 , 10 or 20 min before sacrifice by microwave irradiation . ^^^ Programmed collection of the TYR , DA , 5 HT and TRP peaks allowed determination of their radioactivity by liquid scintillation . ^^^ Conversion of [ 3H ] TYR to [ 3H ] DA was nearly ten times greater in striatum than cortex , whereas the formation of [ 3H ] 5 HT from [ 3H ] TRP was similar in striatum , cortex and hippocampus . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DOPA , TYR , NE , MHPG , DOPAC , 5 HIAA , TRP , DA , HVA , 3 MT and 5 HT were detected in the caudate nucleus and putamen . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lys , Arg , Tyr , and Trp residues tend to concentrate near the water protein interface where their apolar side chain components are more buried than their polar side chain components . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The UV and visible absorption spectra of both lumazine proteins denatured in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride can be accurately modeled by using the number of equivalents of the lumazine derivative and blocked aromatic amino acid model compounds determined by chemical and spectrophotometric analyses for Trp , Tyr , and Phe . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The enzyme has a significant preference for substrates with a P 1 Phe over those with the other aromatic amino acids Tyr and Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reaction of the toxin with N bromosuccimide abolished the enzyme activity , with modification of Trp , Tyr and His residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This , apparently , indicates the interaction between epsilon A and Trp and / or Tyr and / or Met residues of phage protein . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Exposure of aromatic residues , Tyr 7 , Tyr 75 , Tyr 93 , His 43 , His 106 , and Trp 8 , was studied by laser induced photo CIDNP in the 1H NMR spectrum of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor at 360 MHz . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Photoreactive peptide derivatives for the labelling of hormone receptors are usually prepared by inserting a chemically stable aryl azide or nitroaryl azide into a specific site of the molecule , such as an alpha or omega amino or carboxyl group , or into the side chain of an Arg , Cys , His , Trp or Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The light subunit , which may be formed from a precursor protein , has a significantly lower content of Trp , Phe , Tyr , Val , and Ala residues than the heavy subunit , while its content of Lys , His , Met , and Asx residues is higher . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The sequence for SST 22 obtained by automated Edman degradation is Asp 10 Asn 10 Thr 10 Val 10 Thr 10 Ser 10 Lys 10 Pro 10 Leu 10 Asn 10 Cys 10 Met 10 Asn 10 Tyr 10 Phe 10 Trp 10 Lys 10 Ser 10 Arg 10 Thr 10 Ala 10 Cys . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At alkaline pH transfer from Trp to Tyr O was 25 % efficient which indicates that the closest accepting tyrosine is approx . 10 A away ( the closest fluorescent tyrosine is over 20 A away ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The sequence obtained in this study is : Ile Gln Lys Thr Pro Gln Ile Gln Val Tyr Ser Arg His Pro Pro Glu Asn Gly Lys Pro Asn Ile Leu Asn Cys Tyr Val Thr Gln Phe His Pro Pro His Ile Glu Ile Gln Met Leu Lys Asn Gly Lys Lys Ile Pro Lys Val Glu Met Ser Asp Met Ser Phe Ser Lys Asp Trp Ser Phe Tyr Ile Leu Ala His Thr Glu Phe Thr Pro Thr Glu Thr Asp Thr Tyr Ala Cys Arg Val Lys His Ala / Asp Ser Met Ala Glu Pro Lys Thr Val Tyr Trp Asp Arg Asp Met . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The change in excitation wavelength made obvious the existence of a Tyr to Trp energy transfer mechanism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Similar serotonin binding sites were found to exist on LHRH ( Tyr Ser Trp ) and MSH ACTH tetrapeptide ( Phe Arg Trp ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It was found that the position of the longest wavelength minimum of the fourth derivative spectrum is mainly determined by the nature of the Trp environment , with a minor contribution from that of Tyr . ^^^ A geometrical parameter is also defined , which depends on both Trp and Tyr environments . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The trifunctionnal amino acids were protected as follows : Tyr as the 2 , 6 dichlorobenzyl ether , Glu as benzyl ester , Lys by the benzyloxycarbonyl group , Arg by the tosyl group , and Trp by the formyl group . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Based on reiteration of coinciding double and triple mutant markers , we proposed a linkage group of genes within a segment of Y . pestis chromosome : lys . . . tyr ser arg ilv leu gua ade ( pur ) pro . . . his . . . pyr . . . trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although many of these insertions were `` silent , ' ' many others , including lys , thr , met , tyr , and trp , resulted in auxotrophic mutations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cathepsin L cleaved peptide bonds that have a hydrophobic amino acid , such as Phe , Leu , Val , and Trp or Tyr , in position P 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No revertants of Salmonella were induced by the browned solutions of Trp , Tyr , Asp , Asn , Glu and ( Cys ) 2 with Glc . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Some of the biosynthetic pathways of the amino acids corresponding to ms2i6A containing tRNAs ( phe , tyr , trp , ser , leu , cys ) are known to have altered regulation depending on the state of modification of nucleoside A 37 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Proton difference spectra show that the 1H resonances of at least one Phe , one Trp , and five Tyr residues are involved in the chemical shift changes observed with nucleotide binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The conclusions support and supplement the concept about the presence of a trend in protein molecular evolution from universal ( Gly , Ala ) to specialized ( Phe , Tyr , Trp , Cys ) amino acids . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Spin decoupling and NOE experiments have been carried out on Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase and on selectively deuterated derivatives of the enzyme containing either [ gamma 2H6 ] Val or [ alpha , delta 2 , epsilon 1 2H3 ] His , [ alpha , delta 1 , delta 2 , epsilon 1 , epsilon 2 , zeta 2H6 ] Phe , [ alpha , delta 1 , epsilon 3 , zeta 2 , zeta 3 , eta 2 2H6 ] Trp and [ alpha , epsilon 1 , epsilon 2 2H3 ] Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Amino acid analysis revealed a lower number of the aromatic residues Phe , Tyr , and Trp than in the rabbit muscle enzyme and this is in agreement with the lower extinction coefficient of E 1 % 280 nm = 6 . 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cat decreased ( P less than 0 . 05 ) plasma Gly , Thr , Lys , Pro , Val , Ser , Arg , Leu , Trp , Phe , Asn , Tyr , Met , Ile , Cit , and Asp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At least part of these changes can be attributed to direct effects of urea on the exposed Tyr and Trp residues as shown by experiments with model compounds . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The amino acid composition is ( Pro , Ile ) 1 ; His 1 2 ; ( Thr , Ser , Gly , Met , Tyr ) 2 ; ( Val , Phe , Lys ) 3 ; ( Ala , 1 / 2Cys , Leu , Arg ) 4 ; Glx 5 ; Asx 7 ; Trp , n . d . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The rotamer populations depend significantly on the solvent polarity , similar to those of Phe , Tyr and Trp derivatives . ^^^ For the two beta proton resonances of His , Phe , Tyr , and Trp derivatives in a variety of solvents , linear relationships are found between the differences in chemical shifts and the differences in vicinal coupling constants . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , we conclude that there must be a static quencher such as Trp , Tyr , or Met in the neighborhood of the attached dye and that the contact between dye and quencher is modulated by actin induced or nucleotide induced conformational changes in S 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results of both metals interacting with apoenzyme are related to the difference spectra of Pb2+ and Zn2+ with Trp and Tyr model compounds . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The photoexcitation of Trp , Tyr or Phe chromophore in a protein is analogous to the instant ( 10 ( 15 ) to 10 ( 14 ) s ) introduction of a local probe carrying strong electronic and protonic donor and acceptor moieties and , moreover , having a significant dipole moment ( 4 to 11 D ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Additional groups of rats were dosed with 5 , 15 or 50 mg / kg / day acrylamide for 5 days , then sacrificed on day 6 at various time intervals after 4 injections of tritiated tyrosine ( Tyr ) or tryptophan ( Trp ) . ^^^ Brain levels of Tyr , Trp , norepinephrine ( NE ) , dopamine ( DA ) , serotonin ( 5 HT ) , and respective metabolites , 3 methoxy 4 hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol sulfate ( MOPEG sulfate ) , 3 , 4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid ( DOPAC ) , and 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid ( 5 HIAA ) were assayed fluorometrically . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It consists of 56 amino acids with one residue each of Trp , Thr , Val , Tyr , and Phe . ^^^ The amino acid sequence has been determined as follows : H Glu Leu Thr Gly Gln Arg Leu Arg Gln Gly Asp Gly Pro Asn Ala Gly Ala Asp Asp G ly Pro Gly Ala Gln Ala Asp Leu Glu His Ser Leu Leu Val Ala Ala Glu Lys Lys Asp Glu Gly Pro Tyr Arg Met Glu His Phe Arg Trp Gly Ser Pro Pro Lys Asp OH . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our work shows that undermodified tRNAs for phe , tyr and trp can function as positive regulatory elements of the aromatic amino acid transport system in E . coli . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The induced structural changes occurred only around a cysteine residue and Trp and / or Tyr residues , and no significant changes in the secondary structures were observed . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tb3+ luminescence enhancement studies indicate that there are no Trp , Tyr or Phe residues in the vicinity of the high affinity cation site . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Twelve amino acids together exhibited no suppressive activity while the remainder ( Leu , Phe , Tyr , Gln , Pro , His , Trp , and Met ) were inhibitory . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The rate constant of the one electron oxidation of the tryptophan ( Trp ) or tyrosine ( Tyr ) residues by Br 10 2 radical anions is strongly decreased when the peptides are bound to DNA . ^^^ The pulse radiolysis study suggests that one Trp residue of the protein oxidized by the Br 10 2 radicals reacts with the DNA in the complex while one Tyr residue is buried upon association . ^^^ It is also shown that the exposure of Trp and Tyr residues to radical attack depends on whether the T 4 SSB protein is bound to native or heat denatured DNA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Amino acid analysis of hexokinase type 3 revealed a low number of the aromatic residues Phe , Tyr , and Trp ; this is in agreement with the low extinction coefficient of E 1 % 280nm = 12 . 5 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The altered tRNA molecules include tRNA trp tRNA tyr , tRNA phe and two minor tRNA ser species . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The amino acid composition of the enzyme is 18 Lys , 6 His , 9 Arg , 1 Trp , 6 Cys , 28 Asx , 12 Thr , 16 Ser , 19 Glx , 10 Pro , 23 Gly , 16 Ala , 17 Val , 5 Met , 11 Ile , 19 Leu , 9 Tyr , and 8 Phe . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Amino acid residues are classified into three depending on their polarity , polar ( Arg , Lys , His , Gln , Asn , Asp and Glu ) , weak polar ( Ala , Pro , Gly , Thr and Ser ) and nonpolar ( Cys , Val , Met , Ile , Leu , Phe , Tyr and Trp ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
According to these data the affinity to the single strands is higher than that to the double strands and increases in the series Phe less than Tyr less than Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Trp residues are partly buried and partly exposed and some of the Tyr residues are in ionized state . ^^^ Guanidine below 1 M does not expose the buried Trp residues nor affects significantly the microenvironments of the ionized Tyr residues . ^^^ At 3 M guanidine , Trp residues are exposed and the ionization state of Tyr residues is also affected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have studied the surface exposure of several alpha lactalbumins ( bovine , goat , human , guinea pig , and rabbit ) by the laser photo CIDNP technique , an NMR method which measures the access of a photoexcited flavin dye to surface exposed Tyr , Trp , and His residues . ^^^ The chemical shifts of these Trp residues were extremely similar in all species but rabbit , which has substituted His for a Tyr at position 103 , situated close to both Trp 104 and 60 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is a 75 residue protein ( computed Mr = 8501 ) , contains a single Tyr , and is devoid of Cys , Met , Trp , His , and Arg . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In depressed subjects and normal controls , plasma TRP ( free and total ) , phenylalanine ( PHE ) , tyrosine ( TYR ) , leucine , isoleucine , and valine were measured on three days . ^^^ When depression was most severe , depressed patients had lower TRP / 5aa ratios and total TRP levels and higher PHE and TYR levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast to tyrosine ( Tyr ) , we find that the nuclear polarization of Trp originates in an electron transfer reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The stereoselectively beta deuterated species of Ac Ar NHMe , Ac Ar OH and Ac Ar OEt ( Ar = Tyr and Trp ) and H Trp NHMe were synthesized . 270 MHz 1H n . m . r . spectra of the normal and deuterated species of these aromatic amino acid derivatives were analyzed . ^^^ However , the alternative assignments apply for H Trp NHMe in aqueous solution and for Ac Tyr NHMe and Ac Trp NHMe in nonpolar solvents . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The role of Trp and Tyr residues in determining membrane protein structure is particularly interesting because indole and phenol structures combine hydrophobic and polar groups , and it is hard to predict the exact region of the membrane at which their energy would be at a minimum . ^^^ To determine the depths intrinsically favored by these residues , the locations of membrane associating Trp and Tyr analogs have been determined using a fluorescence quenching technique able to measure depth at high resolution . ^^^ They are found to locate at the same depths as Trp and Tyr in membrane proteins , 14 15 A from the bilayer center , which implies an important role for these residues in aligning membrane proteins in precise relationship to the lipid bilayer . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Peptides containing Tyr and / or Trp at selected positions as fluorescence energy donors were synthesized , and their Tb ( 3+ ) binding capacity was assessed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mouse mastocytoma P 815 expresses tumor antigens P815A and P815B encoded by a single gene called P1A and carried by a single peptide named P1A 35 43 ( NH 2 Leu Pro Tyr Leu Gly Trp Leu Val Phe COOH ) . ^^^ We conclude that Pro 2 , Trp 6 and Phe 9 constitute the anchor residues of P1A 35 43 to H 2Ld , whereas the dipeptidyl sequences Tyr 3 Leu4 and Leu 7 Val8 form the core epitopes recognized by the TcR of anti P815B and anti P815A CTL , respectively . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Amino acid changes in RT from patients harbouring resistant strains of HIV 1 were found in positions 60 ( Val ) , 62 ( Ala ) , 93 ( Gly ) , 100 ( Phe ) , 161 ( Pro ) , 173 ( Asn ) , 177 ( Glu ) , 180 ( Ile ) , 181 ( Tyr ) , 182 ( Leu ) , 186 ( Asp ) , 194 ( Gln ) , 196 ( Glu ) , 200 ( Ile ) , 209 ( Val ) , 210 ( Trp ) , 211 ( Lys ) , and 214 ( Phe ) in addition to those described previously . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Despite the conservative nature of the substitutions at 38 beta ( k = Val , u = Leu ) and 61 beta ( k = Trp , u = Tyr ) , transfectants expressing Ak or Au proteins carrying allelic substitutions at 38 beta and / or 61 beta gave dramatically reduced T cell responses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results show that more general approaches to engineering active proteins with fewer Trp residues may give rise to functional mutants without aromatic substitutions , and that aliphatic changes should be considered in cases where engineered changes of Trp to Phe or Tyr do not work . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NO ) with biologically relevant tyrosine and tryptophan radicals ( Tyr . and Trp . respectively ) in amino acids , peptides and proteins is of the order of ( 1 2 ) 10 10 ( 9 ) M 1 . s 1 . ^^^ The near diffusion controlled rates of these reactions , coupled with the increasingly recognized role of protein radicals in enzyme catalysis and oxidative damage , suggest that Tyr . and Trp . are likely and important targets for . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Four Tyr residues in the VH chain ( HTyr 33 , HTyr 50 , HTyr 53 , and HTyr 58 ) were replaced with Ala , Leu , Phe , or Trp , and the interactions between these mutant Fv fragments and HEL were studied by inhibition assay of the enzymatic activity of HEL and isothermal titration calorimetry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In agreement with previously described peptide binding motifs for DR4Dw4 , most peptides contained an aromatic residue ( Phe , Tyr , Trp ) at relative position 1 and a small hydroxyl containing residue ( Ser , Thr ) at 1 + 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By genetic analysis of gyrA genes in a gyrA temperature sensitive ( Ts ) background , exchange of Ser at the NH 2 terminal 83rd position of GyrA to Trp , Leu , Phe , Tyr , Ala , Val , and Ile caused bacterial resistance to the quinolones , while exchange to Gly , Asn , Lys , Arg and Asp did not confer resistance . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Specifically , all possible pairs from the set Ala , Cys , His , Ile , Leu , Met , Phe , Trp , Tyr , and Val were modeled at spacings of ( 1 , 1 + 2 ) , ( 1 , 1 + 3 ) , and ( 1 , 1 + 4 ) in the central turn of a model poly alanyl alpha helix . ^^^ Significant interactions both stabilizing and destabilizing were found to occur at spacings of ( 1 , 1 + 3 ) and ( 1 , 1 + 4 ) , particularly in side chains with rings ( i . e . , Phe , Tyr , Trp , and His ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
From the magnitude of the Stern Volmer rate constant it is concluded that , among the amino acids , quenching reactions at 20 degrees C are quite effective with His , Tyr , Trp , cysteine , and cystine , with rate enhancements of 20 and 50 times when the side chains of Tyr and His , respectively , are in the ionized form . ^^^ Finally , very short ( microseconds ) phosphorescence lifetimes of Trp residues in proteins were shown to be invariably associated with the presence of Tyr or Cys in the immediate neighborhood of the chromophore . ^^^ From a survey of the amino acids that are nearest neighbors to Trp in proteins and the corresponding value of tau it was established that , in the absence of His , Tyr , Trp , and Cys , tau is > or = 1 ms and appears to reflect mainly the local fluidity of the protein structure . ^^^ Otherwise , tau can be much shorter , and for bulky His , Tyr , and Trp side chains it seems to depend dramatically on the mutual chromophore quencher orientation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Under these reaction conditions , no significant side reactions were observed with oxidation sensitive amino acids such as Met , Tyr and Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 230 nm spectra contain information on vibrational modes of the single Trp 59 side chain and the four tyrosine side chains ( Tyr 48 , 67 , 74 , and 97 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we report the solid phase chemical synthesis of an analog of fragment 1 47 bearing a Tyr 3 > Trp exchange ( Y3W analog ) . ^^^ Of interest was that the difference in the free energies of binding to thrombin at 37 degrees C , delta delta Gb , between the Y3W analog and natural species ( 4 . 2 kJ mol 1 ) was that expected for the difference in hydrophobicity between the two polypeptides resulting from the Tyr > Trp exchange . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The substitutions at this position that exhibited repressors with the wild type phenotype in vivo were Gly , Ala , Ile , Thr , Met and Cys ; the other 10 substitutions examined ( Leu , Val , Tyr , Trp , Asp , Glu , Gln , His , Lys and Arg ) resulted in the lacI phenotype . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sequence determination of the displayed peptides reveals they lack amino acid sequence similarity yet are highly enriched for the Tyr and Trp residues . ^^^ However , because not all phage that display peptides rich in Tyr and Trp residues bind to plastic , and other methods of screening random peptide libraries have identified different classes of plastic binding peptides , the relative abundance of Tyr and Trp residues should not be considered diagnostic of plastic binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In a recent study , we have shown that GroEL interacts preferentially with the side chains of hydrophobic amino acids ( Ile , Phe , Val , Leu , and Trp ) and more weakly with several polar or charged amino acids , including the strongest alpha helix and beta sheet formers ( Glu , Gln , His , Thr , and Tyr ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both N cap and C cap results for Tyr and Trp are inaccurate because their aromatic groups affect the CD spectrum . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ca2+ and Zn2+ promote also quite similar conformational changes in the Tyr and Trp environment as monitored by difference spectrophotometry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The products of Gly , His , Trp , Tyr , Phe and CySH transformed a plasmid supercoiled DNA ( form 1 ) into an open circular relaxed form ( form 2 ) and a linear form ( form 3 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Trp and Tyr are involved in the binding with amylase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One protein family has a delta 4 corner formed by a His rather than a Tyr , and several examples use Trp in place of Tyr . ^^^ It seems likely that the more classic Tyr corners ( delta 4 , delta 5 , and delta 3 Tyr , Trp , or His ) contribute to the stability of a Greek key connection over a hairpin connection , and also that they may aid in the process of folding up Greek key structures . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three tripeptides ( Cys Ile Trp , Cys Met Tyr , and Cys Trp Trp ) were also absent from E . coli proteins . ^^^ Furthermore , 15 of the 33 varieties contained such rarely used residues as Tyr , His , Cys , and Trp . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Relative to fully ligated tetramers , Hb ( CN ) 4 , the monoligated hybrids and deoxyHb all show fully developed T / R difference UVRR bands which are associated with T state quaternary contacts across the alpha 1 beta 2 interface , involving the Trp beta 37 and Tyr alpha 42 residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The pathways of in vitro degradation of the gonadotropin releasing hormone ( GnRH ) analog buserelin [ pGlu His Trp Ser Tyr D Ser ( tBu ) Leu Arg ProNHEt , B 1 9 ] by the rat kidney membrane fraction was investigated using high performance liquid chromatography for the separation of the peptide products and electrospray mass spectrometry for their identification . ^^^ The N terminal peptides B 1 4 , B 1 3 , B 1 2 , C terminal peptides B 3 9 , B 4 9 , B 5 9 , B 6 9 , middle sequence B 3 4 and the amino acids Trp , Ser and Tyr were found to be formed . ^^^ However , due to extreme differences in the stability of the peptides toward the battery of membrane enzymes ( B 1 2 , B 6 9 > > B 1 3 , B 5 9 > > B 1 9 > > B 1 4 > B 4 9 > B 3 9 , B 3 4 ) , the final products of buserelin degradation were B 1 2 , B 1 3 , B 5 9 , and B 6 9 and the amino acids Ser and , corresponding to the formation of B 1 2 and B 6 9 , Trp and Tyr , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The enzyme has a broad acyl donor substrate specificity and can effectively use amino acid esters of Phe , Tyr , Trp , Ser , Gly , and Ala . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Among them , a mutant enzyme having Trp instead of Tyr 188 produced 15 % of gamma CD from soluble starch , which is about twice as much as the amount produced by the wild type enzyme . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To examine the role of noradrenergic , dopaminergic , and serotonergic mechanisms in the pathobiology of obsessive compulsive disorder ( OCD ) and Tourette ' s syndrome ( TS ) , concentrations of tyrosine ( TYR ) , norepinephrine ( NE ) , 3 methoxy 4 hydroxyphenylethylene glycol ( MHPG ) , homovanillic acid ( HVA ) , tryptophan ( TRP ) , and 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid ( 5 HIAA ) were measured in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) of 39 medication free OCD patients , 33 medication free TS patients , and 44 healthy volunteers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Location of the active site of the bean alpha amylase inhibitor and involvement of a Trp , Arg , Tyr triad . ^^^ These findings suggest that the active site of alpha AI consists of W 188 , R 74 and Y 190 , in analogy to the Trp Arg Tyr motif of tendamistat , and that the processing of the polypeptide at Asn 77 may be necessary to bring these residues in close proximity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Changes in the accessibility of aqueous soluble quenchers ( 1 and acrylamide ) to GLUT 1 Trp and Tyr residues suggested that ligand binding causes interfacial fluorophores to move closer to ionic groups in the lipid head group region of the membrane . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This glycoprotein is extremely poor in Cys , Met , Tyr , Phe , Arg , and Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In these mutants , Val 82 was substituted separately by Asn , Glu , Ala , Ser , Asp , and Gln ; Asp 30 was individually substituted by Phe or Trp ; Gly 48 by His , Asp , and Tyr , respectively ; and Lys 45 by Glu . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , the difference spectrum between Hb A and Hb Hirose in the ligated state displayed peaks for RR bands of both Trp and Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
With the exception of the aromatic amino acid ( Phe + Tyr + Trp , 0 . 34 g ) group , all groups significantly decreased food intake by a comparable magnitude ( 32 % ) during the 1st h . ^^^ In this time period , rats given the EAAs , Arg + Met + Val ( 0 . 38 g ) , and Arg + His + Lys ( 0 . 44 g ) mixtures increased their water intake , whereas intake by rats given the Phe + Tyr + Trp + Thr ( 0 . 46 g ) and Ile + Leu + Val ( 0 . 45 g ) mixtures was unchanged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Members of the 14 3 3 protein family have been reported to activate Tyr and Trp hydroxylases , modulate protein kinase C activity , and activate ADP ribosyltransferase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyr 195 therefore was replaced with Phe ( Y195F ) , Trp ( Y195W ) , Leu ( Y195L ) , and Gly ( Y195G ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pepsin immobilized by adsorption onto the solid supports Celite and Chromosorb was employed to perform a study of secondary specificity of the enzyme in organic media through the coupling between Z 10 Phe OH ( 10 = Ala , Asp , Glu , Gly , Phe , Ile , Val , Trp and Tyr ) and Phe OMe . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results of the calculations provide support for the notion that TYR and TRP residues may confer on the CDRs of antibodies an enhanced capacity for binding antigens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In particular , the presence of a methyl group on the beta carbon ( Ile and Val residues ) at position 140 , the absence of an aromatic ring ( Phe , Tyr and Trp residues ) at position 144 and the loss of residues with small side chains ( Gly and Ala ) at position 152 correlated with resistance to myxothiazol . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mechanism of the interactions of 2 chloro ( epsilon amino Lys 75 ) [ 6 [ 4 ( N , N diethylamino ) phenyl ] 1 , 3 , 5 triazin 4 yl ] calmodulin ( TA calmodulin ) with smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase ( MLCK ) and two 17 residue peptides , Ac R R K W Q K T G H A 5 R A 1 G R L CONH 2 ( Trp peptide ) and Tyr peptide , in which W is replaced by Y , were studied by measurements of equilibrium and transient fluorescence changes in the nanomolar range . ^^^ Equilibrium dissociation constants ( Kd ) for interactions of TA calmodulin and targets determined from these data are Tyr peptide , 4 . 1 nM ; Trp peptide , 0 . 011 nM ; and MLCK , 0 . 23 0 . 51 nM . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Substitution of Trp 174 or Trp 243 by Tyr residue caused a decrease in the specific activity of the enzyme to 49 or 8 % of that of the wild type enzyme , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Substitution of Cys 560 by Phe , Trp , Tyr , and Ser in the first zinc finger of human androgen receptor affects hormonal sensitivity and transcriptional activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The antigen binding fragment analogs labeled with 15N of the main chain amide group of the aromatic residues ( His , Phe , Trp , and Tyr ) were used . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Subtle modifications in the secondary and / or tertiary structures , for example in microenvironments of Tyr and Trp residues , in orientations of lateral side chains were evidenced , and their importance to enzyme specificity is discussed . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the basis of the hypothesis of the brain monoamine metabolism abnormality in manic depressive illness , plasma tryptophan ( TRP ) ratio , an indicator of brain 5HT level , and the ratios of other neutral amino acids ( tyrosine ( TYR ) , valine , isoleucine , leucine , and phenylalanine ) were determined in manic and depressed patients . ^^^ Our results suggest that , in manic depressive illness , there might be abnormalities in the metabolism of neutral amino acids , mainly of TRP and TYR , and that abnormality of TRP might be related to the depressive symptoms , and that plasma TRP and TYR ratios might be important indicators for determining the efficacy of some anti manic and anti depressive drugs . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In most vertebrate mitochondrial genomes , the site for initiation of light strand replication , OL , is found within a cluster of five transfer RNA ( tRNA ) genes ( tRNA ( Trp ) , tRNA ( Ala ) , tRNA ( Asn ) , tRNA ( Cys ) , and tRNA ( Tyr ) ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No hydrolysis of FAPHMALVPV derivatives was observed when Met was replaced by Glu , Lys , Ser , Tyr , Ile , and D Met , but cleavage at the same position did occur with Leu or Trp substitutions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The suppressor activities of tRNAs ( Gln ) are compared with those of other known naturally occurring suppressor tRNAs , i . e . , tRNA ( Tyr ) G psi A and tRNA ( Trp ) CmCA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The sequence shows preservation of the UGA selenocysteine codon , putative active site Trp and Glu residues and a Tyr residue that is phosphorylated in the porcine protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results indicate that some residues , particularly Arg , His , Trp and Tyr are substantially more frequent at the binding sites , compared to the number of times these residues are present in proteins generally . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Truncation mutants from Leu 447 to the C terminus were expressed in E . coli and these were modified by point mutations of Trp 800 to Gly , Cys , Leu and Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since there are no other Tyr or Trp residues in the protein , spectral properties can be unambiguously assigned . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Only the binding of Asn , Cys , Gln , Leu , Lys , Met , Nle , Phe , Ser , Trp and Tyr to the surfactants was observed , however , the strength of interaction was fairly low . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cysteine 763 residue in the C terminal zinc finger region of Escherichia coli UvrA protein was subjected to random mutagenesis , and the results suggested that the UvrA mutants with a small amino acid ( Ser , Ala , or Gly ) substituting for the cysteine 763 were almost as active as the wild type in supporting nucleotide excision repair , but its replacement with a large , bulky amino acid ( Tyr , Trp , or Phe ) rendered the mutants inactive . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Syntheses of peptides of the general formula Z Ala Ala Xaa Yaa Ala Ala OCH 3 , where Xaa = Phe , Tyr , Trp ; Yaa = Leu , Phe , Tyr , Trp , were carried out . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We undertook a detailed comparative analysis of the infrared spectra of wild type ribonuclease T 1 and three mutants : two single mutants , Tyr 45 > Trp ( Y45W ) and Trp 59 > Tyr ( W59Y ) , and a double mutant , Tyr 45 > Trp / Trp 59 > Tyr ( Y45W / W59Y ) . ^^^ All mutations lead to a decrease of the thermal transition temperature , though the mutation Tyr 45 > Trp affects the Tm to a lesser degree than the replacement of Trp 59 by Tyr , both in the single ( W59Y ) and in the double ( Y45W / W59Y ) mutant . ^^^ Practically identical spectra in the amide 1 region were obtained for the double mutant Y45W / W59Y and the single mutant W59Y , demonstrating that it is the change from Trp to Tyr in position 59 ( located at the interface between the alpha helix and a beta strand ) which affects the overall protein conformation . ^^^ The mutation Tyr to Trp in position 45 , on the other hand , has practically no impact on the polypeptide backbone conformation . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to investigate the conformational preferences to elicit tastes , conformational free energy calculations using an empirical potential ( ECEPP / 2 ) and the hydration shell model were carried out on the L aspartyl dipeptide methyl esters , L ( + ) HAsp ( ) L Xaa OMe , in the hydrated state , where Xaa includes sweet ( Phe , Tyr , Met , and Gly ) , bitter ( Ala , Trp , Val , Leu , and Ile ) , and tasteless ( Ser , Thr , and Abu ) residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In comparative studies , it was shown that Thermococcus celer DSM 2476 required 10 amino acids ( Thr , Leu , Ile , Val , Met , Phe , Tyr , Trp , Lys , and Arg ) while Pyrococcus furiosus DSM 3638 required only Ile and Val . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In both phosphatidylinositol anchored cAMP receptor proteins a single Trp residue in one of the binding centers is photoaffinity labeled by 8 N 3 cAMP , whereas two amino acids , Trp and Tyr , are modified after lipolytic removal of the anchor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The enzyme consists of 109 amino acid residues ( Asp 8 , Asn 6 , Thr 6 , Ser 10 , Glu 3 , Gln 1 , Pro 3 , Gly 9 , Ala 12 , Val 7 , Ile 7 , Leu 7 , Tyr 7 , Phe 4 , His 1 , Arg 10 , Trp 3 and Lys 5 ) and has a molecular weight of 12182 Da . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The entire enzyme assembly was lost by alpha Lys 175 > Phe ( or Trp ) or alpha Thr 176 > Phe ( or Tyr ) mutation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To further assess the role of this amino acid residue in P gp interactions with modulators , the effect of additional mutations ( Ala , Cys , Thr , Asp , Tyr , Trp ) at that site on potencies of CsA , CP 117227 enantiomers , and CP 100356 was evaluated . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have measured the UV resonance Raman ( UVRR ) spectra of human methemoglobin fluoride ( metHbF ) and examined the Raman saturation behavior of the metHbF trytophyl ( Trp ) and tyrosyl ( Tyr ) residues . ^^^ Our high quality UVRR spectra devoid of Raman saturation with 229 and 238 . 3 nm CW laser excitation allow us to determine small changes in Trp and Tyr residue Raman band frequencies and intensities caused by the hemoglobin R T quaternary structural change induced by the allosteric effector inositol hexaphosphate . ^^^ At 238 . 3 nm excitation , we observe a ca . 15 and 8 % intensity increase for the Trp and Tyr bands , respectively , upon the R T transition . ^^^ These intensity alterations result from Trp and Tyr absorption and Raman excitation profile red shifts which correlate with a strong 231 . 5 nm R T absorption spectral change . ^^^ These absorption and Raman excitation profile red shifts and our model compound absorption studies together suggest a T state increase in the hydrogen bond donation of the Trp beta ( 2 ) 37 and Tyr alpha ( 1 ) 42 residues at the alpha 1 beta 2 subunit interface . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The specific content ( nanomoles per milligram of membrane protein ) and yield per liter of the Trp mutant holoenzyme were approximately one third those of the native enzyme , suggesting that heme incorporation was hindered by tryptophan at this position , whereas the specific content and yield per liter of the Tyr mutant were significantly greater than those of the native preparation . ^^^ The stability of the Trp and Tyr mutants , as judged by thermal denaturation studies , was not different from that of the native enzyme . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Preliminary studies on the essential amino acid residues suggest the participation of Arg , Lys and His residues , and discard the requirement of SH , COO , OH , and probably also Tyr and Trp . 6 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , there was no significant change in any amino acid concentration in response to hind paw pinch stimulation , and VS did not significantly affect the concentrations of Tyr , His , Ile , Leu , Met , Trp or Val . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The helix stabilizing tendency of N terminal amino acid in NPY ( 12 36 ) was found to be as follows : Thr > Ser > Gly > Gln > Cys > Asn > Asp > Val > Phe > Glu > Lys > Tyr > Ala = Trp > His > Arg , suggesting the importance of end capping . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since the Phe > Ser substitution in this mutation is both chemically and structurally significant , three single amino acid substitutions ( Lys , Tyr , and Trp ) were engineered and characterized . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Only the aromatic residues , His , Tyr , Trp and Phe prefer the t conformation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To estimate the role of nonbonded interactions in the folding of the hydrophobic core of a two stranded parallel alpha helical coiled coil , a conformational analysis was carried out for the model fragment : [ formula : see text ] with a 2 fold symmetry axis running between the parallel helices , where 10 denotes nonpolar residues Ala , Leu , Val , Ile , Met , Phe , Tyr , Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Replacement of Tyr in site 4 with Trp does not distort the geometry , although it increases the dye binding affinity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mouse IgG 1 , IgG2a , and IgG2b proteins have been selectively labeled with 13C at the carbonyl carbon of His , Met , Trp or Tyr residue and used to prepare the corresponding Fc fragments by limited proteolysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tryptophan ( TRP ) and tyrosine ( TYR ) , respectively the circulating precursors of the central serotonergic ( 5 HT ) and catecholamine systems , were measured in eight adolescents with impulsive behavior regardless of the exact type of disorder . ^^^ The ratios of TRP and TYR to large neutral amino acids ( LNAA ) , which indicate the availability for the synthesis of neurotransmitters , were calculated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The protein was rich in Thr , Pro , Ser , Gly , and Ala and poor in Tyr , Phe , and Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The partially exposed side chains of Tyr 76 , 94 , and 118 , plus Trp 119 appear to be arranged in a cluster and probably become more exposed due to a conformational change of the protein resulting from light induced chromophore bleaching . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Codon number and chemical complexity indicate that His , Phe , Tyr , Cys and either Lys or Asn were introduced in the second stage , whereas the number of codons alone gives evidence that Trp and Met were introduced in the third stage . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The hydrophilic amino acid Lys was replaced with the hydrophobic amino acids Met , Tyr , Phe , and Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In an attempt to determine the coordination site of the different iron sulfur centers in the amino acid sequence , we have changed the Trp of group 3 to Cys , Ala , Phe , and Tyr and the first Cys residue of groups 2 4 to Ala and Ser . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
H and 13C NMR investigations on cis trans isomerization of proline peptide bonds and conformation of aromatic side chains in H Trp ( Pro ) n Tyr OH peptides . 1H and 13C high resolution nmr spectra of cationic , zwitterionic , and anionic forms of the peptides : H Trp ( Pro ) n Tyr OH , n = 0 5 , and H Trp Pro OCH 3 were obtained in D2O solution . ^^^ Analysis of H alpha ( Pro 1 ) , H alpha ( Trp ) , C gamma ( Pro ) , H epsilon ( Tyr ) , and H delta ( Trp ) resonances provided evidence for the presence of two predominant backbone isomers : the all trans one and another with the Trp Pro peptide bond in cis conformation ; the latter constituted about 0 . 8 molar fraction of the total peptide ( n > 1 ) concentration . ^^^ The highest content of the cis ( Trp Pro ) isomer , 0 . 74 , was found in the anionic form of H Trp Pro Tyr OH ; it decreased in the order of : anion > > zwitterion approximately cation , and with the number of Pro residues to reach the value of 0 . 42 in the cationic form of H Trp ( Pro ) 5 Tyr OH . ^^^ Interpretation of the measured vicinal coupling constants J alpha beta ' and J alpha beta ' ' for C alpha H C beta H 2 proton systems of Trp and Tyr side chains in terms of relative populations of g+ , g , and t staggered rotamers around the chi 1 dihedral angle indicated that in all the peptides studied ( a ) rotation of Trp indole ring in cis ( Trp Pro ) isomers is strongly restricted , and ( b ) rotation of Tyr phenol ring is relatively free . ^^^ The most preferred chi 1 rotamer of Trp ( 0 . 8 0 . 9 molar fraction ) was assigned as the t one on the basis of a large value of the vicinal coupling constant between the high field H beta and carbonyl carbon atoms of Trp , estimated for the cis ( Pro 1 ) form of H Trp Pro Tyr OH from a 1H , 13C correlated spectroscopy 1H detected multiple quantum experiment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine the role of Ser 352 in the allosteric response , the thrA gene was modified by using site directed mutagenesis so that Ser 352 of the wild type AKI HDI was replaced by Ala , Arg , Asn , Gln , Glu , His , Leu , Met , Pro , Thr , Trp , Tyr , or Val . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Aromatic residues ( Tyr , Trp and Phe ) occurred preferentially at the cytoplasmic boundary , with Trp also favored at the extracellular boundary . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A model peptide analog with the sequence , Asp Trp Leu Lys Ala Phe Tyr Asp Lys Val Ala Glu Lys Leu Lys Glu Ala Phe ( 18A ) , possesses the characteristics of a class A amphipathic helix . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Among the P 3 side chains affected by BHT treatment , we note a general trend toward greater hydrophilicity and greater solvent exposure of the aromatic residues Trp and Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A conservative replacement of Trp with Tyr suggests that late lactation protein may represent an unusual member of this protein superfamily . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There are positive correlations between silent site G + C and the proportions of codons for Arg , Pro , Ala , Trp , His , Gln , and Leu and negative ones for Tyr , Phe , Asn , Ile , Lys , Asp , Thr , and Glu . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An investigation of the affinity characteristics of 40 peptides to the AHC precolumn showed that among eleven peptides having Tyr or Phe at their C termini and more than five amino acid residues , ten were retained almost quantitatively on the precolumn , and two peptides having Trp at their C termini were less retained . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The light scattering decrease in 4 M urea parallels the time course of Trp exposure but occurs more rapidly than changes in secondary structure and Tyr exposure . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutation analysis revealed that the Phe residue is absolutely critical for the binding , since changes to Ala , Tyr , or Trp abrogated the interaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cation pi interactions in chemistry and biology : a new view of benzene , Phe , Tyr , and Trp . ^^^ In this context , the amino acids phenylalanine ( Phe ) , tyrosine ( Tyr ) , and tryptophan ( Trp ) can be viewed as polar , yet hydrophobic , residues . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , after sequencing of individual clones , we found multiple mutations in 5 tumors involving codons 73 ( GCC to ACC , Ala to Thr ) , 76 ( GCC to GTC , Ala to Val ) , 85 ( GCT to ACT , Ala to Thr ) , 98 ( CAC to TAC , His to Tyr ) , 102 ( GCG to GTG , Ala to Val ) , 106 ( GTG to ATG , Val to Met ) , 107 ( CGC to TGC , Arg to Cys ) , 127 ( GCA to GTA , Ala to Val ) , 128 ( CGG to TGG , Arg to Trp ) and 136 ( GGC to GAC , Gly to Asp ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Side chain protecting groups were : Tos for Arg , Bzl for Thr and Ser , cHx for Asp and Glu , Bzl ( Cl 2 ) for Tyr , For for Trp , Z ( Cl ) for Lys . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Environmental changes in Trp and Tyr residues give rise to the difference features , which are similar to those observed in the difference spectrum between deoxyHb and the CO adduct , consistent with T state formation in metHbF in the presence of IHP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Peptides of the sequence Ac XKAAAAKAAAAKAAAAK amide , where 10 is Tyr , Trp , or Ala , produce circular dichroism spectra that are typical of the alpha helix ; there are , however , significant differences between the Tyr , Trp , or Ala peptides in the magnitudes of the far ultraviolet bands . ^^^ The N or C terminal position is chosen because helix fraying is greatest at each end and the Tyr or Trp residue should influence the helix content of the peptide least at these positions . ^^^ Amide proton exchange measurements by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicate that the Tyr , Trp , and Ala peptides possess similar amounts of H bonded secondary structure . ^^^ Comparison of the far ultraviolet circular dichroism and absorption spectra of these peptides suggests that the differences in circular dichroism arise in each case from an induced aromatic circular dichroism band , which is positive for Tyr and negative for Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
With the aim of identifying predictors of treatment response , plasma levels of tryptophan ( Trp ) and tyrosine ( Tyr ) pretreatment and during treatment , and their ratios in plasma to the sum of the other large neutral amino acids ( LNAA ) , were determined in 26 inpatients with major depression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When transformed with a recombinant vector carrying the ubiC gene ( encoding chorismate pyruvate lyase , EC 4 . 1 . 3 . 27 ) the triple mutant ( Phe , Trp , Tyr ) Klebsiella pneumoniae 62 1 excretes 4 hydroxybenzoic acid instead of chorismic acid . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Only the binding of Arg , Glu , Gly , Leu , Lys , Met , Nle , Phe Trp , Tyr and Val to the surfactant was observed , however , the strength of interaction was fairly low . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
First , a pronounced division of the amino acids into two classes is displayed : Lys , Glu , Arg , Gln , Asp , Asn , Pro , Gly , Thr , Ser and His on the one hand , and Ile , Val , Leu , Phe , Met , Tyr , Trp , Cys and Ala on the other . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We studied intracytoplasmic RC only membranes containing Rhodobacter sphaeroides wild type RCs and RCs bearing mutations in the vicinity of P , where Tyr M 210 was modified to His , Leu , and Trp and where Phe L 181 was modified to Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The absorbance of a protein at 280 nm depends on the content of Trp , Tyr , and cystine ( disulfide bonds ) . ^^^ Based on a sample of 116 measured epsilon values for 80 proteins , the epsilon at 280 nm of a folded protein in water , epsilon ( 280 ) , can best be predicted with this equation : epsilon ( 280 ) ( M 1 cm 1 ) = ( # Trp ) ( 5 , 500 ) + ( # Tyr ) ( 1 , 490 ) + ( # cystine ) ( 125 ) These epsilon ( 280 ) values are quite reliable for proteins containing Trp residues , and less reliable for proteins that do not . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Some of these differences may be due to effects of aromatic amino acid side chains , especially Trp and Tyr , located at the immunoglobulin intradomain surfaces . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Irreversible binding and toxicity were affected significantly by hydrophilic , aliphatic , and smaller side chain residues such as Cys , Val , Leu , and Ser but not by Tyr or Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD investigations on conformation of H 10 ( Pro ) n Y OH peptides ( 10 = Trp , Tyr ; Y = Tyr , Met ) ; models for intramolecular long range electron transfer . ^^^ Conformations of three series of peptides : H Trp ( Pro ) n Tyr OH ( n = 1 5 ) , H Trp ( Pro ) n Met OH ( n = 1 3 ) and H Tyr ( Pro ) n Met OH ( n = 1 3 ) , used as models in studies on long range electron transfer through protein matrix , were investigated by CD spectroscopy in aqueous solution at pH 5 . 2 in the temperature range of 10 degrees C 90 degrees C . ^^^ In interpretation of the spectra the cis < > trans equilibrium about 10 Pro bonds was taken into account and CD spectra of Trp Pro and Tyr Pro chromophores in trans and cis configuration of the peptide bond were evaluated . ^^^ H Trp ( Pro ) 2 Tyr OH does not form this conformation due to sterical interaction between the two bulky aromatic side chains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When combined with 13C chemical shift information , these patterns allow identification of the following spin system types : Gly , Ala , Thr , Val , Leu , Ile , Lys , Arg , Pro , long type ( i . e . , Gln , Glu and Met ) , Ser , and AMX type ( i . e . , Asp , Asn , Cys , His , Phe , Trp and Tyr ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During exposure to ozone , the methionine and aromatic amino acid residues of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and bovine serum albumin ( BSA ) are oxidized rapidly in the order Met > Trp > Tyr approximately His > Phe . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Selective detection in RP HPLC of Tyr , Trp , and sulfur containing peptides by pulsed amperometry at platinum . ^^^ A technique for electrochemical detection of Trp , Tyr , and sulfur containing peptides , using a two step potential waveform at a platinum wall jet electrode , has been developed . ^^^ At approximately +1 . 2 5 ( first potential ) versus Ag / AgCl , Trp , Tyr , and Cys containing peptides are predominantly detected , while at +1 . 4 1 . 6 5 , Met and ( Cys ) 2 containing peptides are additionally detected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since both Trp residues are located in the N terminal A helix and the modified Tyr residue is located in the C terminal H helix , these measurements give information about this helix helix distance . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In depressive disorders an association between basal pre treatment plasma ratios of tryptophan ( Trp ) and tyrosine ( Tyr ) to other large neutral amino acids ( LNAA ) and the clinical efficacy of serotonergic acting drugs have been established . ^^^ Plasma Trp / LNAA and Tyr / LNAA were found to be lower than in normal weight controls and were further reduced during treatment ( p < 0 . 05 ) , but without differences between dF and PL groups . ^^^ Pre treatment plasma Trp / LNAA or Tyr / LNAA and weight loss were not correlated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We previously reported that DnaK interacts with the hydrophobic amino acids Ile , Leu , Val , Ala , Phe , Trp , and Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ability to activate Rubisco was less severely inhibited when Trp was replaced by a Tyr or Phe than by an Ala or Cys , indicating that an aromatic residue at position 16 and particularly a Trp is required for proper activation of Rubisco . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Tyr 60A Thr 60I insertion loop of thrombin makes a weak aromatic stacking interaction with the 5 Tyr of CtA through Trp 60D . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We studied the susceptibility of the pyrrolidone moiety and the pyroglutamyl peptide bond at pGlu 10 Ala Phe OH ( 10 = Gly , Ala , Tyr , Ile , Pro , His , Lys , Arg , Thr , Ser , Asp , Glu and Trp ) to 1 N HCl or 2 M trifluoromethanesulfonic acid at 60 degrees C . ^^^ The rank order of the susceptibility rates of the cleavage reactions was Ser > Pro , Gly > Arg , Ala , Glu , Thr , Asp > His , Lys > Trp , Tyr , Ile , and that of the ring opening reaction was Ile > Tyr , Trp > Arg , His , Lys , Asp > Glu > Ala > Pro , Gly > Ser > Thr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The spectra show that , in partially unfolded bO in SDS , the Tyr and Trp absorbance is blue shifted . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The catecholamines dopamine ( DA ) , noradrenaline ( NA ) and adrenaline ( A ) , their aminoacid precursors tyrosine ( Tyr ) , L 3 , 4 dihydroxyphenylalanine ( L DOPA ) , two of their metabolites 3 , 4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid ( DOPAC ) and 4 hydroxy 3 methoxy phenyl glycol ( MHPG ) , serotonin ( 5 HT ) and its precursor tryptophan ( Trp ) , were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) with electrochemical detection in seven regions ( globus pallidus , putamen , nucleus amygdalae , nucleus caudatus , substantia nigra , gyrus cinguli and raphe ) of postmortem brains from eight histologically verified cases with Alzheimer ' s disease ( AD ) and six histologically normal controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Intra / extracellular ratios are calculated for the residue types Asn , Asp , Gly , Phe , Pro , Trp , Tyr , and Val , preferably found on the extracellular side , and for Ala , Arg , Cys , and Lys , mostly occurring on the intracellular side . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No side reactions were observed with nucleophilic amino acids such as Met , His , or Tyr , except for Trp , under the reaction conditions of the silylchloride sulfoxide treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results confirmed previous findings that Tyr and Phe at P 2 as well as Phe , Trp , Ile , and Leu at the C terminus were main anchor residues for HLA A * 2402 . ^^^ Tyr at P 2 was a stronger anchor residue than Phe , while bulky aromatic hydrophobic residues Phe and Trp at the C terminus are stronger anchors than aliphatic hydrophobic residues Ile and Leu . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phe 135 was changed by means of site directed mutagenesis to the amino acids Tyr ( F135Y ) , Ile ( F135I ) , Trp ( F135W ) , and His ( F135H ) , and the altered proteins were purified to homogeneity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ten different types of mutations were identified in the MEN 2A / FMTC families ( 620 Cys > Arg , 618 Cys > Ser , Gly , 611 Cys > Tyr ; 634 Cys > Arg , Tyr , Trp , Phe , Ser , Gly ) and all 6 MEN 2B families had a 918 Met > Thr point mutation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
His 180 forms a strong aromatic interaction with Trp 211 , Tyr 80 , and Tyr 123 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It has been suggested that photodynamically generated singlet oxygen interacts with photo oxidizable amino acid residues such as His , Cys , Trp and Tyr in one protein molecule to generate reactive species , which in turn interact non photochemically with residues of these types or with free amino groups in another protein molecule to form a crosslink . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Trp , Leu , and Tyr were highly functional substitutions for the Phe residue at position 45 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The pKa values of the internal aldimines of the mutants , Cys 191 > Ser , Phe , Tyr , and Trp are higher than that of wild type by 0 . 6 0 . 8 pH units . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Amino acids Tyr H 50 , Tyr H 52 , and Trp H 95 of the receptor appeared to be of crucial importance for binding of various antigens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A maximum gain in binding energy ( approximately 55 kcal / mol ) is observed when Phe or Tyr are present in positions P 1 and P 1 ' , Glu in position P 2 ' and aromatic residues ( Phe , Trp or Tyr ) in positions P 3 and P 3 ' , while , in general , the presence of positively charged residues is destabilizing . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Site directed mutagenesis was used to generate variant enzymes having Phe , Trp , Ala , Ser , Asp or Lys instead of Tyr 115 . ^^^ The activity of the variant enzymes having Trp , Ala or Ser instead of Tyr 115 was reduced significantly , particularly when poly ( rA ) 484 was used as template . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It does not contain Phe , Trp , Tyr , His , Pro , and Cys . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
After excitation at 259 nm , human PV , which contains neither Tyr nor Trp , shows maximal fluorescence emission at 283 nm . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To elucidate the contribution of the two phenylalanine residues of NMU 8 to the biological activity , fourteen d NMU 8 analogs modified either at position 2 or 4 , [ X 2 ] or [ Y 4 ] d NMU 8 , were synthesized , where 10 and Y were Ala , Tyr , Trp , Thr , Glu , His or cyclohexylalanine ( Cha ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transformation of this mutant ( Phe Trp Tyr ) with plasmids carrying genes involved in chorismic and isochorismic acid metabolism leads to the production of either ( + ) trans ( 2S , 3S ) 2 , 3 dihydroxycyclohexa 4 , 6 dienecarboxylic acid or ( ) trans ( 3R , 4R ) 3 , 4 dihydroxycyclohexa 1 , 5 dienecarboxylic acid , with a yield of 70 or 90 mg ( 1 culture broth ) 1 , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Intrinsic fluorescence studies of the chaperonin GroEL containing single Tyr > Trp replacements reveal ligand induced conformational changes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Upon photoconversion from rhodopsin to acid metarhodopsin , Trp and Tyr Raman bands decrease in intensity and concomitantly a Trp band shifts in frequency . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
N Terminal sites of hydrophobic amino acid residues ( Leu , Ile , Phe , Tyr , and Trp ) of the peptide substrates were cleaved by AP 1 and by AP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the deletion assay , a semipurified basal diet containing 13 . 5 % CP provided solely by MBM was supplemented with L Thr , L Val , DL Met , L Leu , L Ile , L Phe , L Tyr , L Lys HCl , L His , and L Trp to fulfill the Illinois Ideal Protein or AA pattern on a digestible basis . ^^^ The results of the deletion assay showed that deletion of Trp , Thr , Phe + Tyr , Ile , Met , Lys , Val , or His significantly depressed growth performance . ^^^ The results of the combined addition and deletion experiments indicated that the order of AA limitation in MBM was 1 ) Trp and sulfur AA , 2 ) Thr , 3 ) Ile and Phe + Tyr , 4 ) Met , 5 ) Lys , and 6 ) Val and His . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We mutated residues Asp 70 , Trp 82 , Trp 231 , Glu 197 , and Tyr 332 and expressed mutant enzymes in mammalian cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Agonist binding and activation of the rat beta ( 1 ) adrenergic receptor : role of Trp ( 134 ( 3 . 28 ) ) , Ser ( 190 ( 4 . 57 ) ) and Tyr ( 356 ( 7 . 43 ) ) . ^^^ We investigated the role of Trp ( 134 ( 3 . 28 ) ) , Ser ( 190 ( 4 . 57 ) ) and Tyr ( 356 ( 7 . 43 ) ) in agonist binding to , and activation of , the rat beta ( 1 ) adrenergic receptor by comparing pK ( 1 ) s and functional responses of W134A , S190A and Y356F mutant receptors to wild type , all stably expressed in CHO cells . ^^^ In a three dimensional model of the rat beta ( 1 ) adrenergic receptor , Trp ( 134 ( 3 . 28 ) ) and Tyr ( 356 ( 7 . 43 ) ) form part of a hydrophobic binding pocket involving residues in transmembrane helices 1 , 2 , 3 and 7 . ^^^ Our results suggest that Trp ( 134 ( 3 . 28 ) ) and Tyr ( 356 ( 7 . 43 ) ) , together with Trp ( 353 ( 7 . 40 ) ) , are able to interact via pi pi interactions to stabilize the extracellular ends of transmembrane helices 3 and 7 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previous work has shown that alpha keto acids produced from Trp , Tyr , and Phe by aminotransferase enzymes are chemically labile and may degrade spontaneously into a variety of off flavor compounds . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They contain an unusual covalent distal side adduct with the side chains of Trp ( 122 ) , Tyr ( 249 ) , and Met ( 275 ) ( Synechocysis KatG numbering ) . ^^^ As shown by mass spectrometry and EPR spectra , the KatG typical adduct is intact in both Arg ( 439 ) variants , as is the case of the wild type enzyme , whereas in the M275I variant the covalent link exists only between Tyr ( 249 ) and Trp ( 122 ) . ^^^ The EPR data strongly suggest that the sequence of intermediates formed in the absence of a one electron donor substrate , is por ( . ) ( + ) > Trp ( . ) ( or Trp ( . ) ( + ) ) > Tyr ( . ) . ^^^ The M275I variant did not form the Trp ( . ) species because of the dramatic changes on the heme distal side , most probably induced by the repositioning of the remaining Trp ( 122 ) Tyr ( 249 ) adduct . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study brings further the description of occurrence of potential glycosylation sites in pre pro sequences and in mature enzymes as well as important amino acid residues , such as aspartates , cysteines , histidines and other aromatic residues ( Tyr , Phe and Trp ) , with discussion of their possible function in the activity of PMEs . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Trp and Tyr favor side chain conformations that allow their side chains to extend their polar atoms out of the membrane core , thereby aligning the side chain polarity gradient with the polarity gradient of the membrane . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Catabolism precedes anabolism for Asn , Gln , Arg , Trp , His , Tyr , and Phe , and anabolism precedes catabolism for Pro , Ala , Leu , Val , Ile , Cys , Gly , Ser , and Thr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ligand induced conformational changes affecting Tyr ( 101 ) and the Trp ( 18 ) bearing alpha helix H 1 appear to play a central role in catalysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For example , feedback regulated enzymes of the shikimate pathway are anthranilate synthase on the branch leading to Trp and chorismate mutase on the branch leading to Phe and Tyr . ^^^ Mutants resistant to Phe have not previously been reported , and this article describes the isolation of the recessive Arabidopsis Phe insensitive growth mutant pig 1 1 by a forward genetic screen . pig 1 1 was not only tolerant to Phe , Tyr , and Trp , but also to other , not biosynthetically related amino acids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Direct EPR and spin trapping studies showed that NO 2 , but not * NO , induced the formation of globin Tyr , Trp , and Cys centered radicals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In particular , the interactions of aromatic amphipathic side chains ( i . e . , Trp , Tyr ) with lipid headgroups , and `` snorkeling ' ' interactions of basic side chains ( i . e . , Lys , Arg ) with phosphate groups are explored . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three major clusters of mitochondrial tRNA genes ( tRNA ( Ile ) tRNA ( Gln ) tRNA ( Met ) , tRNA ( Trp ) tRNA ( Ala ) tRNA ( Asn ) tRNA ( CYs ) tRNA ( Tyr ) and tRNA ( His ) tRNA ( Ser ) ( AGY ) tRNA ( Leu ) ( CUN ) from 13 species of Predatory birds were amplified and sequenced . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chitinase B ( ChiB ) of S . marcescens has five exposed aromatic residues linearly aligned toward the catalytic cleft , Tyr 481 and Trp 479 in the C terminal domain , and Trp 252 , Tyr 240 and Phe 190 in the catalytic domain . ^^^ Substitution of Trp residues affected the binding activity more severely than that of Tyr residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chemical modification of the His , Lys , Trp , and Tyr residues caused a decrease in percentage of bound UCN 01 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The p OAc substituent on the C 1 phenyl ring is oriented in a hydrophobic pocket comprised of Met ( 522 ) , Gly ( 526 ) , Trp ( 387 ) , Tyr ( 348 ) , and Tyr ( 385 ) , and the C 2 ethyl substituent is oriented towards the mouth of the COX 2 channel in the vicinity of amino acid residues Arg ( 120 ) , Leu ( 531 ) , and Val ( 349 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Binding site mapping resulted in seven new potential aromatic interaction points ( Tyr 108 , Phe 184 , Phe 190 , Phe 199 , Phe 424 , Trp 428 , Tyr 431 ) , that took part in forming the lipophilic pocket of the antagonist binding cavity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Indian cataract lenses ( n=39 ) and normal lenses ( n=6 ) were examined by HPLC to quantify levels of UV filter compounds , the UV filter precursor amino acid tryptophan ( Trp ) , as well as tyrosine ( Tyr ) and uric acid . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : The levels of the free UV filter compounds 3OHKG and AHBG , and also of Trp , Tyr , and uric acid were different in cataract lenses compared to normal lenses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The recently solved crystal structures of the AID Ca ( 5 ) beta complex in Ca ( 5 ) 1 . 1 / 1 . 2 have revealed that this interaction occurs through a set of six mostly invariant residues Glu / Asp ( 6 ) , Leu ( 7 ) , Gly ( 9 ) , Tyr ( 10 ) , Trp ( 13 ) , and Ile ( 14 ) ( where the superscript refers to the position of the residue starting with the QQ signature doublet ) distributed among three alpha helical turns in the proximal section of the 1 2 linker . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
From the different response of Trp and Tyr residues , as monitored by fluorescence and 4th derivative absorbance changes , the C terminal domain carrying all the Trp residues seemed to exert structural changes at relatively lower pressure . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As FI increased , the SID decreased linearly ( P < 0 . 04 ) for CP and all AA , except Arg , Trp , Asp , Pro , and Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Replacing the Phe 195 of cytochrome b with Tyr , His , or Trp results in mutant complexes ( F195Y , F195H , or F195W ) having the same ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase activity as the wild type . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The conserved , single Trp residue ( Trp 17 ) and three Tyr residues determine the fluorescence properties of Ag NPA 1 . ^^^ Analysis of the efficiency of the energy transfer between these chromophores shows a high degree of Tyr Trp dipole dipole coupling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The modifications in the sequence were introduced at position 6 , resulting in the four peptides , [ Tyr ( 6 ) ] KL ( YKL ) , [ Trp ( 6 ) ] KL ( WKL ) , cyclo ( [ Tyr ( 6 ) ] KL ) ( YCKL ) and cyclo ( [ Trp ( 6 ) ] KL ) ( WCKL ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two pairs of solvent exposed amino acids , Tyr ( 1956 ) / Leu ( 1957 ) in the C 1 domain and Trp ( 2063 ) / Trp ( 2064 ) in the C 2 domain , each make significant contributions to the affinity of FVa for PS membranes , but individually neither pair of amino acids is required for prothrombinase assembly on 25 % PS membranes . ^^^ We conclude that : ( 1 ) prothrombinase assembly on PS membranes requires Trp ( 2063 ) / Trp ( 2064 ) and / or Tyr ( 1956 ) / Leu ( 1957 ) ; ( 2 ) combined mutation of Trp ( 2063 ) / Trp ( 2064 ) and Tyr ( 1956 ) / Leu ( 1957 ) results in only a modest 4 fold decrease in the rate of thrombin generation in the absence of membranes ; ( 3 ) the present data provide experimental support for the joint participation of the C 1 and C 2 domains in the binding of FVa to phospholipid membranes as suggested by the recently solved structure for FVai ( A1 / A3 C 1 C2 ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results indicate that among the various groups present in proteins only the side chains of Cys , His , Tyr and Phe are able to quench Trp phosphorescence at a detectable rate ( k ( obs ) > 40 s ( 1 ) ) , with the quenching effectiveness for rotationally unrestricted side chains ranking in the order Cys > > His+ > Tyr > > Phe approximately His . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CONCLUSIONS : A 62 g BCAA / TRP mixture decreases the availability of TYR and PHE for brain catecholamine synthesis and increases plasma prolactin consistent with lowered brain dopamine function . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Raman and UVRR signatures of PH 75 are also distinguished from those of fd , Pf 1 , and Pf 3 by several marker bands that are indicative of hydrophilic Trp and Tyr environments , including hydrogen bonding interactions of aromatic ring substituents . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To do so , we created two polypeptides , modeled after the 39 40 amino acid Defensin class of proteins , which contained exclusively the five least ( PepAA ; His , Trp , Tyr , Phe , Met ) , or most ( PepCO : Ala , Glu , Gln , Asp , Asn ) abundant amino acids in E . coli . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Simultaneously , oxidation of the tyrosine ( Tyr ) and tryptophan ( Trp ) residues of the SSB protein increased upon binding of the SSB protein to ssDNA and ss oligonucleotides . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The spectra are interpreted in combination with known Raman tensors for modes of the pVIII main chain ( amide 1 ) and Trp and Tyr side chains to reveal the following structural features of PH 75 : ( 1 ) The average pVIII peptide group is oriented with greater displacement from the virion axis than peptide groups of fd , Pf 1 , or Pf 3 . ^^^ The data correspond to an average helix tilt angle of 25 degrees in PH 75 vs 16 degrees in fd , Pf 1 , and Pf 3 . ( 2 ) The indolyl ring of Trp 37 in PH 75 projects nearly equatorially from the subunit alpha helix axis , in contrast to the more axial orientations for Trp 26 of fd and Trp 38 of Pf 3 . ( 3 ) The phenolic rings of Tyr 15 and Tyr 39 project along the subunit helix axis , and one phenoxyl engages in hydrogen bonding interaction that has no counterpart in either fd or Pf 1 tyrosines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Substitutions of this Phe 88 by Tyr , Trp , or His shifted the obelin bioluminescence to shorter wavelength with F88Y having lambdamax=453 nm . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The key residues of Pdx located at the center , Asp ( 38 ) and Trp ( 106 ) , and at the edge of the protein protein interface , Tyr ( 33 ) and Arg ( 66 ) , were mutated to test the Pdr Pdx computer model . ^^^ The electron accepting ability of Delta 106 Pdx was similar to that of the wild type protein , whereas electron transfer rates from Pdr to other mutants were diminished to various degrees with the smallest and largest effects on the kinetic parameters of the Pdr to Pdx electron transfer reaction caused by the Trp ( 106 ) and Tyr ( 33 ) / Arg ( 66 ) substitutions , respectively . ^^^ Experimental results were in agreement with theoretical predictions and suggest that : ( 1 ) Pdr Pdx complex formation is mainly driven by steric complementarity , ( 2 ) bulky side chains of Tyr ( 33 ) , Arg ( 66 ) , and Trp ( 106 ) prevent tight binding of oxidized Pdx and facilitate dissociation of the reduced iron sulfur protein from Pdr , and ( 3 ) transfer of an electron from FAD to [ 2Fe 2S ] can occur with various orientations between the cofactors through multiple electron transfer pathways that do not involve Trp ( 106 ) but are likely to include Asp ( 38 ) and Cys ( 39 ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
KK 13 and KK 14 both feature AAHA in the Arg ( 8 ) position and tert Leu in the Ile ( 12 ) position while KK 14 includes a Trp substituted for Tyr ( 11 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Accordingly , tetrapeptides were synthesized with Phe ( 3 ) replaced by aliphatic ( Gly , Ala , Aib , Cha ) , basic ( Lys , Arg , homo Arg ) , or aromatic sides chains ( Trp , Tyr , p NH ( 2 ) Phe ) , and with d Pen ( 4 ) replaced by d Cys ( 4 ) , and binding affinities to stably expressed mu , delta , and kappa receptors were determined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The photochemical reaction of Trp and Tyr and related peptides with Suprofen ( SUP ) as sensitizer in H2O / CH3CN ( 28 : 1 v / v ) solutions has been studied by time resolved spectroscopy . ^^^ The results show that SUP induces oxidation of both Trp and Tyr , as well as intramolecular ET reactions in the related peptides . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results demonstrated that the interaction of protonated N 1 of the piperazine ring with Asp 86 ( III . 32 ) and edge to face interactions of the aromatic ring of the arylpiperazine part of the ligand with Phe 178 ( VI . 44 ) , Trp 182 ( VI . 48 ) and Tyr 216 ( VII . 58 ) of the receptor , represent the major stabilizing forces . ^^^ Phe 178 ( VI . 44 ) , Trp 182 ( VI . 48 ) and Tyr 216 ( VII . 58 ) can be considered as a part of the ancillary DAR D 2 pocket preserved in most G protein coupled receptors of the A class and obviously , the arylpiperazine structural motif represents one of the privileged structures that bind to this pocket . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The experimental data were interpreted on the basis of the results of the analysis of Trp and Tyr microenvironments taking into the account the data for GlnBP mutated forms Trp32Phe ( Tyr ) and Trp220Phe ( Tyr ) , which have been obtained by Axelsen et al . ( Biophys . ^^^ This allowed us to explain the negligible contribution of Tyr residues to the bulk fluorescence of the native protein , the similarity of the fluorescence characteristics of GlnBP and GlnBP / Gln , and the uncommon effect of the excess of the fluorescence intensity at 365 nm ( Trp emission ) upon excitation at 297 nm respect to the excitation at 280 nm . ^^^ The protein Trp fluorescence dependence on the excitation wavelength must be taken into account for the evaluation of the Tyr residues contribution to the bulk fluorescence of protein , and in principle , it also may be used for the development of an approach for the decomposition of a multicomponent protein fluorescence spectrum . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In particular , the fact that formation of a complex of GlnBP and Gln , which essentially changes the global structure of protein , affects only insignificantly the microenvironments of tryptophan residues elucidates the similarity of the emission spectra of GlnBP and the GlnBP Gln complex , and the existence of quenching groups near tyrosine residues and an effective nonradiative Tyr > Trp and / or Tyr > Tyr > Trp energy transfer provide an explanation for the negligibly small contribution of tyrosine to the bulk fluorescence of the native protein and for its increase in protein unfolding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A statistical picture of amino acids involved in protein protein interactions indicates that proteins recognize and interact with one another through the restricted set of specialized interface amino acid residues , Pro , Ile , Tyr , Trp , Asp and Arg . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although the active site amino acid residues of YiiL ( His , Tyr , and Trp ) differ greatly from those of galactose mutarotase ( His , Glu , and Asp ) , their geometries , which determine the structures of the preferred monosaccharide substrates , are conserved . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The second order rate constants decrease in a similar order ( Cys > Met > disulfide bonds > Trp approximately alpha amino > Lys > > Tyr > backbone amides > Arg ) to the corresponding reactions of HOCl , but are typically 5 25 times slower . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The main features of ligand D 2 receptor interactions revealed by docking analyses were : salt bridge between piperazine ring protonated N 1 and Asp 86 , hydrogen bonds of ligand bezimidazole part with Ser 141 , Ser 122 and His 189 , edge to face interactions of arylpiperazine aromatic ring with Phe 178 , Tyr 216 and Trp 182 and hydrogen bond between ethereal oxygen in ethylenoxy ligands and hydrogen of Phe 185 or Trp 115 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ratio 10 = T Delta ( FR ) S / Delta ( FR ) 5 = ( 55 + / 9 ) kJ cm ( 3 ) for Trp as 3FMN quencher is smaller than 10 = ( 83 + / 9 ) kJ cm ( 3 ) for Tyr as quencher . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A series of 10 synthetic peptide variants , based on the original C terminal sequence 115 129 of myotoxin 2 and its triple Tyr > Trp substituted peptide p 115 W3 , were characterized . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The use of SDS at pH 13 . 0 gives a good resolution of Tyr and Trp peaks . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Double label immunocytochemistry showed GnRH 1 ( Ser ( 8 ) GnRH ) immunoreactive neuronal processes projecting mainly to the proximal pars distalis of the pituitary , while GnRH 2 ( His ( 5 ) , Trp ( 7 ) , Tyr ( 8 ) GnRH ) and GnRH 3 ( Trp ( 7 ) , Leu ( 8 ) GnRH ) fibers were observed in close association with cells containing GnRH RIB and GnRH RIII in the brain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The quantum efficiency to Q ( B ) via the B branch Phi ( B ) ranged from 0 . 4 % in an RC containing the single mutation Ala M 260 > Trp to 5 % in a quintuple mutant which includes in addition three mutations to inhibit transfer along the A branch ( Gly M 203 > Asp , Tyr M 210 > Phe , Leu M 214 > His ) and one to promote transfer along the B branch ( Phe L 181 > Tyr ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : It has been suggested that the ratio of tryptophan ( TRP ) and tyrosine ( TYR ) to other large neutral amino acids may predict response to antidepressant drugs with predominantly serotonergic compared with predominantly noradrenergic activity and that this may be clinically useful . ^^^ METHOD : 147 subjects with a DSM 3 R diagnosis of major depression underwent a detailed clinical evaluation and prior to treatment had baseline measures of TRP , TYR and other large neutral amino acids ( LNAA ) , prolactin and cortisol . ^^^ RESULTS : There was no main effect on 6 week outcome of TRP / LNAA ratio or TYR / LNAA ratio and no interaction between these factors and treatment ( fluoxetine vs nortriptyline ) . ^^^ LIMITATIONS : Alterations in antidepressant dose were allowed therefore possibly reducing the effect of TRP or TYR availability on response . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Previous findings that TRP / LNAA and TYR / LNAA ratios may predict differential response to antidepressants were not replicated and neither was our previous finding of a complex relationship between TRP / LNAA and baseline prolactin in predicting 6 week response . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The presence of an aromatic residue ( Trp , Phe , Tyr ) facing the nonpolar face of galactose is a common feature of galactose specific lectins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Methionine 42 , distal to the active site of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase , was substituted by site directed mutagenesis with 14 amino acids ( Ala , Cys , Glu , Gln , Gly , His , Ile , Leu , Pro , Ser , Thr , Trp , Tyr , and Val ) to elucidate its role in the stability and function of this enzyme . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The growth inhibition caused by Phe was also alleviated by supplementing with Trp , and was completely negated by adding Tyr . ^^^ Among the antagonistic AA , Leu , Val , Trp , Tyr , and Glu were indispensable for the maximum growth rate of the ruminal bacteria under the experimental condition of supplementation of amino N , the removal of which from a mixture of 20 protein AA caused the growth rate to decline . ^^^ Removals of Ile along with Leu or Val or both , of Phe along with Trp or Tyr , and of Thr along with Glu recovered the promotion of bacterial growth rate . ^^^ It was concluded that inhibitions of the bacterial growth rate caused by Ile , Phe , or Thr could be antagonized by some other AA ( Leu , Val , Tyr , Trp , or Glu ) , and the role of these latter AA as relievers of the inhibitory effects could explain why they are indispensable for maximum growth rate of ruminal bacteria . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A series of zinc complexes with dipeptide ligands of the type Dpg Xaa was synthesized , where Dpg is dipicolylglycine and Xaa is phenylalanine ( Phe ) , tyrosine ( Tyr ) , tryptophan ( Trp ) , 2 naphthylalanine ( Nal ) , or glycine ( Gly ) . ^^^ This binding mode was , for the first time , characterized by 10 ray structure analyses of the electrically neutral complexes [ ( Dpg Phe ) ( H ) Zn ] , [ ( Dpg Tyr ) ( H ) Zn ] , [ ( Dpg Trp ) ( H ) Zn ] , and [ ( Dpg Nal ) ( H ) Zn ] . ^^^ The pKa values for amide nitrogen deprotonation were determined by 1H NMR titrations { [ ( Dpg Phe ) Zn ] , 7 . 17 ; [ ( Dpg Tyr ) Zn ] , 6 . 85 ; [ ( Dpg Trp ) Zn ] , 6 . 85 ; [ ( Dpg Nal ) Zn ] , 6 . 64 ; [ ( Dpg Gly ) Zn ] , 8 . 54 } . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The C terminal domain contains a terminal Phe ( F 38 ) , a single Trp ( W 28 ) and a single Tyr ( Y 25 ) that may act together to anchor the protein in the membrane . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A simple and versatile cation exchange chromatography technique for the simultaneous determination of urinary creatinine ( Cre ) , creatine ( Crn ) , methionine ( Met ) , tyrosine ( Tyr ) , phenylalanine ( Phe ) , histidine ( His ) , and tryptophan ( Trp ) was developed . ^^^ The analytes , Crn , Met , Tyr , His , Cre , Phe , and Trp , were well separated in this order in 27 min with minimum resolution of approximately 2 , and the cycle time was about 35 min . ^^^ Calibration lines based on area data were linear from 1 to 1000 microM with r 2 values of 0 . 9998 ( Crn ) , 0 . 9998 ( Met ) , 0 . 9999 ( Tyr ) , 0 . 9999 ( His ) , 1 . 0000 ( Cre ) , 1 . 0000 ( Phe ) , and 0 . 9999 ( Trp ) . ^^^ The ratios of Tyr / Cre , Phe / Cre , and Trp / Cre for Lowe syndrome were 0 . 497 , 0 . 321 , and 0 . 495 , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We now report that binding sites for nitroaromatics can be built within the lumen of the alphaHL pore from simple rings of seven aromatic amino acid side chains ( Phe , Tyr or Trp ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mean recovery of serotonin in platelet was 97 . 5 % , the linear range was 20 20000 nmol / L , and the detection limit was 1 nmol / L . 5 hydroxyindole acetic acid ( 5 HIAA ) , Trp , Phe and Tyr had no interference with the chromatographic condition used in this trial . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To elucidate how Tyr ( 350 ) determines alpha 1 , 4 specificity , mutants Tyr ( 350 ) > Phe , Tyr ( 350 ) > Trp , and Tyr ( 350 ) > Gly were constructed in UA948FucT . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The human gonadotropin releasing hormone ( GnRH ) receptor is evolutionarily configured for high affinity binding of GnRH 1 ( [ Tyr ( 5 ) , Leu ( 7 ) , Arg ( 8 ) ] GnRH ) but at lower affinity for GnRH 2 ( [ His ( 5 ) , Trp ( 7 ) , Tyr ( 8 ) ] GnRH ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) proliferation and Th 1 ( IFN gamma ) and Th 2 ( IL 4 and IL 5 ) cytokine production were analyzed in HLA DRB1 * 0405 positive ( n = 12 ) and negative ( n = 22 ) patients with VKH and HLA DRB1 * 0405 positive ( n = 9 ) and negative ( n = 8 ) control subjects in response to human melanoma cell line lysate ( HMCLL ) and 28 synthetic peptides derived from the human melanocyte differentiation proteins TYR , TRP 1 , TRP 2 , and Pmel 17 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Identification of novel TYR and TYRP 1 mutations in oculocutaneous albinism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A common and striking feature of these receptors is the large fraction ( up to 42 % ) of residues with anionic sidechains ( Asp , Glu , and benzene anions Tyr , Trp , and Phe ) in the N terminal extracellular domain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Crystal growth of calcium oxalate ( CaC2O4 ) in bulk aqueous solution , reverse microemulsion of p octyl polyethylene glycol phenylether ( OP ) / iso octyl alcohol ( IOA ) / cydohexane / water and above microemulsions containing different kinds of amino acids , such as aspartic acid ( Asp ) , tyrosine ( Tyr ) and tryptophan ( Trp ) were studied . ^^^ When pH values of the solutions was higher than isoelectric points of amino acids , CaC2O4 crystal paralleled with ( 1 01 ) plane of COM more easily with the addition of Trp , Tyr , Asp in turn ; however , when pH of the solutions was lower than isoelectric points of Trp , CaC2O4 crystal growth paralleled with ( 020 ) face of COM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A variety of biophysical techniques were used to investigate the aggregation and fibrillation of alpha synuclein in which one of the four intrinsic Tyr residues was replaced by Trp , and two others by Phe , in order to permit fluorescence resonance energy transfer ( FRET ) between residues 39 ( Tyr ) and 125 ( Trp ) . ^^^ The mutant Y125W / Y133F / Y136F alpha synuclein ( one Tyr , one Trp ) showed fibrillation kinetics similar to that of the wild type , as did the Y125F / Y133F / Y136F ( one Tyr , no Trp ) and Y39F / Y125W / Y133F / Y136F ( no Tyr , one Trp ) mutants . ^^^ The average distance between Tyr 39 and Trp 125 decreases from 24 . 9A in the monomer to 21 . 9A in the early oligomer and 18 . 8A in the late oligomer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For this study , by employing alanine scanning mutagenesis , ( 125 ) 1 SDF 1alpha competition binding , Ca ( 2+ ) mobilization , and cell cell fusion assays , we found that the mutation of many CXCR 4 TM residues , including Tyr ( 45 ) , His ( 79 ) , Asp ( 97 ) , Pro ( 163 ) , Trp ( 252 ) , Tyr ( 255 ) , Asp ( 262 ) , Glu ( 288 ) , His ( 294 ) , and Asn ( 298 ) , could selectively decrease HIV 1 mediated cell fusion but not the binding activity of SDF 1alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of Glycine ( Gly ) , Alanine ( Ala ) , Tyrosine ( Tyr ) , Tryptophan ( Trp ) and some di ( Gly Gly , Ala Ala , Gly Ala , Gly Trp , Trp Gly , Gly Tyr , Tyr Gly ) , tri ( Gly Gly Gly , Ala Gly Gly ) and tetrapeptides ( Gly Gly Gly Gly ) mediated by sulfate ( SO ( 4 ) ( ) ) and hydrogen phosphate ( HPO ( 4 ) ( ) ) radicals was studied , employing the flash photolysis technique . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They contain aromatic amino acids at position 4 ( mostly Phe , in a few cases Tyr ) and at position 8 ( Trp ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The differentiation of melanoblasts into melanocytes involves the expression of melanocyte specific genes , particularly those responsible for melanin production , such as Tyr , Tyrp 1 and Dct , the expression of which depends on the melanocyte specific transcription factor microphthalmia ( Mitf ) . ^^^ We have found Emx 1 and Emx 2 , two highly related homeobox genes that when overexpressed in melanocytes can downregulate Mitf , Tyrp 1 , Dct and Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
FNR variants from the cyanobacterium Anabaena in which the C terminal Tyr has been replaced by Trp , Phe , or Ser have been produced . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Based on a substrate binding model of Bacillus circulans no . 8 CGTase , Tyr 100 , Trp 191 and Tyr 267 were specified to locate the spiral amylose and to minimize the size of the CD by saccharide aromatics interaction . ^^^ In order to determine the critical residue for catalyzing production predominantly of alpha CD , site directed mutations were introduced in CgtA ( Y100W , Tyr 100 > Trp ; W191Y , Trp 191 > Tyr ; W191F , Trp 191 > Phe ; Y267W , Tyr 267 > Trp ; Y267F , Tyr 267 > Phe ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The binding sites on AGP are not completely separated but are partially overlapped , and Trp , Tyr , Lys and His residues in the drug binding pockets play important roles in this process . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This method has proven effective for introducing aza amino acid residues with aliphatic ( Ala , Leu , Val , and Gly ) and aromatic ( Phe , Tyr , and Trp ) side chains . ^^^ Acid promoted loss of aromatic side chains was noted with aza Trp and aza Tyr residues during peptide cleavage and suppressed by temperature control in the case of the latter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In each case , loss of activity is associated with the selective oxidation of His , Trp , and Tyr residues , which results in protein unfolding ( with lysozyme ) and protein aggregation ( with STI ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results show that the intrinsic hydrophilicity / hydrophobicity of amino acid side chains in peptides ( proteins ) is independent of pH , buffer conditions , or whether C ( 8 ) or C ( 18 ) reversed phase columns were used for 17 side chains ( Gly , Ala , Cys , Pro , Val , nVal , Leu , nLeu , Ile , Met , Tyr , Phe , Trp , Ser , Thr , Asn , and Gln ) and dependent on pH and buffer conditions , including the type of salt or ion pairing reagent for potentially charged side chains ( Orn , Lys , His , Arg , Asp , and Glu ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that the Phe residue was more suitable for heterotrimeric coiled coil formation than the Trp residue , when combined with two Ala residues , whereas the Tyr and His residues did not induce the coiled coil structure efficiently . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast to the previous suggestion that only small residues in substrate could be accommodated to the S 1 ' subsite , we have found that bulky residues such as Tyr and Trp were also acceptable . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Quantitative comparisons ( i . e . frequencies ) between the low frequency modes of YCM with and without effectors ( modeled structures ) reveal that the binding of Trp increases the global flexibility , whereas Tyr decreases global flexibility . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Other major deviations among the active site residues include side chain conformational changes of Trp 86 , Tyr 133 , Tyr 337 , and Phe 338 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The majority of UV induced protein damage appears to be mediated by ( 1 ) O 2 , which reacts preferentially with Trp , His , Tyr , Met , Cys and cystine side chains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Simulation studies based on ROE connectivities in linear GnRH and potency of cyclic analogue supports the His ( 2 ) , Trp ( 3 ) , Tyr ( 5 ) clustering considered important for triggering receptor activation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lipid protein interactions within the simulations were analyzed and revealed that aromatic side chains ( Trp , Tyr ) of OprF interact with lipid headgroups . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Branched chain amino acids ( Leu , Ile , Val ) are converted into compounds contributing to malty , fruity and sweaty flavours ; catabolism of aromatic amino acids ( Phe , Tyr , Trp ) produce floral , chemical and faecal flavours ; aspartic acid ( Asp ) is catabolised into buttery flavours and sulphuric amino acids ( Met , Cys ) are transferred into compounds contributing to boiled cabbage , meaty and garlic flavours . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although conservative mutation of Tyr ( 568 ) in TM 10 to Phe or Trp had no apparent effect on substrate specificity , substitution with Ala decreased the affinity of MRP 1 for E ( 2 ) 17betaG without affecting drug resistance or the transport of other substrates tested . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Designed octapeptide beta hairpins containing a central ( D ) Pro Gly segment have been used as a scaffold to place the aromatic residues Tyr and Trp at various positions on the antiparallel beta strands . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These were further cleaved at the later stages of proteolysis to yield : ( Val ( 15 ) Tyr ( 20 ) ) , ( Ser ( 21 ) Arg ( 40 ) ) , ( Val ( 41 ) Tyr ( 60 ) ) , ( Trp ( 61 ) Lys ( 69 ) ) S S ( Leu ( 149 ) Ile ( 162 ) ) and ( Trp ( 61 ) Lys ( 70 ) ) S S ( Leu ( 149 ) Ile ( 162 ) ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is composed of five residues ( Tyr 70 , Asp 72 , Tyr 121 , Trp 279 and Tyr 334 ; Torpedo numbering ) ; associated with it are a number of surface loops , conferring a high degree of conformational flexibility on the area . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Exposure of proteins to visible light in the presence of a sensitizer results in the oxidation of Met , Trp , Tyr , Cys , and His side chains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In prokaryotes , substrates bearing the Nd ( p ) residues Leu , Phe , Trp , or Tyr are degraded by the proteasome like ClpAP protease . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We present a molecular phylogenetic analysis of these anoles and their closest known relatives ( A . auratus , A . lineatus , A . meridionalis , and A . nitens ) using new mitochondrial DNA sequence data from the ND 2 gene , five tRNA genes ( tRNA ( Trp ) , tRNA ( Ala ) , tRNA ( Asn ) , tRNA ( Cys ) , tRNA ( Tyr ) ) , the origin of light strand replication , and a portion of the CO 1 gene ( 1 , 446 aligned base positions , 612 parsimony informative ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Requirements of the remaining 9 essential amino acids were met by infusing into the duodenum 323 g / d of a mixture of amino acids including , Ile , Val , Met , Lys , Trp , Phe , His , Thr , Arg , Tyr and Glu . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The reactive intermediates formed in the catalase peroxidase from Synechocystis PCC 6803 upon reaction with peroxyacetic acid , and in the absence of peroxidase substrates , are the oxoferryl porphyrin radical and two subsequent protein based radicals that we have previously assigned to a tyrosyl ( Tyr ( ) ) and tryptophanyl ( Trp ( ) ) radicals by using multifrequency Electron Paramagnetic Resonance ( EPR ) spectroscopy combined with deuterium labeling and site directed mutagenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have previously shown [ Cys Trp Arg Nva Arg Tyr NH ( 2 ) ] ( 2 ) , 1 , to be a moderately selective neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) Y ( 4 ) receptor agonist . ^^^ Toward improving the selectivity and potency for Y ( 4 ) receptors , we studied the effects of dimerizing H Trp Arg Nva Arg Tyr NH ( 2 ) using various diamino dicarboxylic acids containing either di , tri , or tetramethylene spacers . ^^^ Substitution of Trp and Nva with Tyr and Leu , respectively , as in 2 , 7 d / l diaminosuberic acid derivatized dimer , 7 , resulted in a superior Y ( 4 ) selective agonist with picomolar affinity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NT absorbs radiation in the wavelength range where Tyr and Trp emit fluorescence ( 300 450 nm ) , and it is essentially nonfluorescent . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast to other melanosomal proteins such as TYR and TYRP 1 , the processing and sorting of PMEL 17 is highly complex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These studies reveal that binding of a pY peptide to the N SH 2 domain of SHP 2 is greatly enhanced by a large hydrophobic residue ( Trp , Tyr , Met , or Phe ) at the pY+4 and / or pY+5 positions , whereas binding to SHP 1 N SH 2 domain is enhanced by either hydrophobic or positively charged residues ( Arg , Lys , or His ) at these positions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This enabled us to explain the negligible contribution of Tyr residues to the bulk fluorescence of the native protein , the similarity of fluorescence characteristics of GlnBP and GlnBP / Gln , and an uncommon effect of the excess of fluorescence intensity at 365 nm ( Trp emission ) upon excitation at 297 nm compared to the excitation at 280 nm . ^^^ The dependence of Trp fluorescence of protein on the excitation wavelength must be taken into account for the evaluation of Tyr residues contribution to the bulk fluorescence of protein , and in principle , it may also be used for the development of an approach to decomposition of multi component protein fluorescence spectrum . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Addition of 10 % hulls to TRB led to equivalent pD of Arg , His , Leu , Tyr , and Trp compared to TRB , but the pD of Lys , Phe , Thr and Val was significantly decreased below the levels of TRB . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To explore a hydrophobic pocket involving tms 1 , 2 , 3 , and 7 for potential aryloxy interaction sites , we selected Tyr ( 356 ( 7 . 43 ) ) and Trp ( 134 ( 3 . 28 ) ) in the rat beta ( 1 ) AR for site directed mutagenesis studies . ^^^ The results indicate that Tyr ( 356 ( 7 . 43 ) ) is an important aromatic interaction site for five of the eight competitive antagonists studied , whereas none of the compounds appeared to interact directly with Trp ( 134 ( 3 . 28 ) ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A red shift of the emission wavelengths of the synchronous fluorescence of ABUSV PA , compared to those of free Tyr and Trp , indicates a conformation where the Tyr and Trp residues are in exposed hydrophilic environments . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma N ( tau ) methylhistidine concentration , as an index of myofibrillar proteolysis , was decreased by the administration of Glu , Gly , Ala , Leu , Ile , Ser , Thr , Met , Trp , Asn , Gln , Pro , Lys and Arg but not by Asp , Val , Phe , Tyr or His to chicks . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CVD related proteins are depleted in major order promoting residues ( Trp , Phe , Tyr , Ile , and Val ) and enriched in some disorder promoting residues ( Arg , Gln , Ser , Pro , and Glu ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the effect of functional groups in bovine serum albumin ( BSA ) on its tissue distribution characteristics , tyrosine ( Tyr ) or tryptophan ( Trp ) residues of BSA were chemically modified by tetranitromethane ( TNM ) and 2 hydroxy 5 nitrobenzyl bromide ( HNB ) , respectively . ^^^ Pharmacokinetic analyses also demonstrated that the modification of Tyr or Trp residues on BSA had only marginal effects on tissue distribution . ^^^ These results indicate that the Tyr and Trp residues have little effect on the tissue distribution characteristics of serum albumins , and that the specific modification of these residues may be a promising approach to designing sustained drug delivery systems using serum albumins . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The well characterized and potent antimicrobial peptides indolicidin and tritrpticin were studied along with several analogs of tritrpticin , including Tritrp 1 ( amidated analog of tritrpticin ) , Tritrp 2 ( analog of Tritrp 1 with Arg > Lys substitutions ) , Tritrp 3 ( analog of Tritrp 1 with Pro > Ala substitutions ) and Tritrp 4 ( analog of Tritrp 1 with Trp > Tyr substitutions ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mammalian pigmentation is controlled by the concerted action of Tyr , Tyrp 1 and Dct producing eumelanin and / or pheomelanin in melanocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , we found that an extensive aromatic network involving Tyr 106 ( 3 ) , Trp 157 ( 4 ) , Phe 197 ( 5 ) , Trp 378 ( 6 ) , and Tyr 381 ( 6 ) is important in stabilizing antagonist binding . ^^^ For antagonists with two terminal phenyl rings , this aromatic network extends to Trp 164 ( 4 ) , Tyr 179 ( extracellular loop 2 ) , and Phe 390 ( 6 ) located at the extracellular end of the TMs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Comparison of the cleavage sites suggests that sequences with a Trp , Tyr and / or Pro in the P 1 ' or P 2 ' position , or a basic residue in the P 3 position , are preferentially cleaved by PC 2 and not by other enzymes present in the secretory pathway . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Among more than 20 conserved or partially conserved amino acids that were investigated , mutations of four His residues ( H 47 , H 83 , H 117 and H 156 ) , one Tyr ( Y 66 ) and one Arg ( R 67 ) completely abrogated the FeCN reductase activity , whereas mutations of Arg ( R 149 ) , Phe ( F 44 ) , Ser ( S 115 ) , Trp ( W 119 ) , Glu ( E 196 ) , and Gln ( Q 131 ) affected the ferrireductase activity to some degree . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P14679 and P17643	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A Tyr > Trp mutation in an expression construct of the Tethya MtCK construct failed to produce octamerization ; Tyr > His and Tyr > Asn mutations also yielded dimers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.59954679
In addition , Trp 30 was replaced with both Tyr and Ala . 0.59954679^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.58723801
Transformed yeasts producing a mutant form of bovine beta lactoglobulin ( beta LG ) , W19Y , in which Trp ( 19 ) was replaced with Tyr , were shown to secrete 6 times more than those producing wild type beta LG . 0.58723801^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.6307619
RecA consists of a C terminal domain containing two Trp and two Tyr residues , a major domain with five Tyr residues , and an N terminal domain without these residues ( R . 0.6307619^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.55520961
It is proposed that the covalent bond between Trp and Tyr may form before that between Tyr and Met . 0.55520961^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.7313254
The murine b locus encodes the tyrosinase related protein , TRP 1 , a putative membrane bound , copper containing enzyme having about 40 % amino acid identity with tyrosinase . 0.7313254^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.56353013
TRP 1 was induced simultaneously with tyrosinase , although its inducibility was lower than that of tyrosinase . 0.56353013^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :1.2230261
In addition , TRP 1 has the ability to interact with tyrosinase and significantly stabilize the latter ' s catalytic function . . 1.2230261^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.56875995
We conclude that this mutation of the human TRP 1 gene affects its interaction with tyrosinase , resulting in dysregulation of tyrosinase activity , promotes the synthesis of brown versus black melanin , and is responsible for a third genetic type of OCA in humans , which we classify as `` OCA3 . ' ' . 0.56875995^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TRP 1 encoded at the brown locus and TRP 2 encoded at the slaty locus ) regulate eumelanogenesis catalytically at steps distal to tyrosinase ( as 5 , 6 dihydroxyindole 2 carboxylic acid oxidase and DOPAchrome tautomerase , respectively ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 5 , 6 dihydroxyindole 2 carboxylic acid oxidase activity of tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DHICA oxidase ( 5 , 6 dihydroxyindole 2 carboxylic acid oxidase ) activity without TRP 1 ( Tyrosinase Related Protein 1 ) expression in the cells suggested that human tyrosinase also possesses a DHICA oxidase activities different from mouse tyrosinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These findings suggest a regulatory control of melanogenesis distal to ( tyr ) mRNA and strengthen the hypothesis that in vivo tyrosinase without catalase B favors pheo over eumelanogenesis . . ^^^ Molecular mechanisms governing melanogenesis in hamster melanomas : relative abundance of tyrosinase and catalase B ( gp 75 ) . ^^^ Variants of the Bomirski family of hamster melanomas whose proliferative rates differ inversely with the genetically determined degree of melanogenesis were probed for two proteins critical in melanogenesis : tyrosinase and catalase B ( gp 75 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) functions as a DHICA oxidase in melanin biosynthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Homozygous gene mutations of enzymes functional in melanogenesis such as tyrosinase , P protein and DHICA oxidase , result in oculocutaneous albinism ( OCA ) 1 , OCA 2 , and OCA 3 , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we have used two different approaches , comparison of the catalytic activities of human melanocytic cell lines expressing the full set of melanogenic enzymes or deficient in TYRP 1 , and transient expression of TYR and tyr genes in COS 7 cells , to demonstrate that human tyrosinase actually functions as a DHICA oxidase , as opposed to the mouse enzyme . ^^^ TYRP 1 has been reported to lack DHICA oxidase activity , whereas tyrosinase appears to accelerate DHICA consumption , thus raising the question of DHICA metabolism in human melanocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Energy transfer has been demonstrated between Tyr and Trp residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Calculation of the energy transfer efficiency between Trp and Tyr residues leads to an evaluation of the distance separating these residues . ^^^ In alkaline medium , when tyrosine is ionized , a 100 % transfer efficiency occurs from Trp to Tyr at the singlet level and also from Tyr to Trp at the triplet level indicating that the TRP Tyr distance is less than about 5A . ^^^ When luliberin is at pH 7 . 8 ( or 4 . 5 ) , transfer efficiency from Tyr to Trp at the singlet level is 85 90 % which should correspond to a distance between Trp and Tyr of about 10 12 A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Studies on their actions on acyl tl amino acid methyl or ethyl esters indicated that proteinases D and E both exhibited a broad substrate specificity and hydrolyzed the ester bonds of esters containing Trp , Tyr , Phe , Leu , and Ala . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results indicate that LEMT , most probably identical to the product of the b locus , is a tyrosinase having a specific DHICA oxidase activity . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although mouse tyrosinase does not show DHICA oxidase activity , and this step of the melanogenesis pathway is specifically catalyzed by mouse TRP 1 , the human enzyme seems to recognize carboxylated indoles . ^^^ Thus , human tyrosinase could display some residual DHICA oxidase activity , and the function of human TRP 1 could differ from that of the murine protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) does not function as a DHICA oxidase activity in contrast to murine TRP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MG at 100 microg / mL exhibited a minimal inhibitory effect on DHICA oxidase ( TRP 1 ) and no effect on DOPAchrome tautomerase ( TRP 2 ) , suggesting that MG inhibits melanogenesis primarily via tyrosinase inhibition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the other hand , aggregated and degraded forms of that mutant gp 87 protein are found in the cytosolic fraction of melan si , suggesting that misrouting and aberrant processing of the gp 87 and tyrosinase may also be related to the high DHICA oxidase activity of these melanocytes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The series included horse and yeast cytochromes iodinated at Tyr 67 and 74 , horse cytochrome formylated at Trp 59 in both a low and high redox potential form , the Met 80 sulfoxide derivative of horse cytochrome and the N acylisourea heme propionate derivative of tuna cytochrome . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A fragment condensation method was utilized for synthesis of the Trp 8 substituted luteinizing hormone releasing hormone ( LH RH ) . tert Butoxycarbonyl protection was employed for the alpha amino positions , and benzyl protection was used for the phenol group of Tyr and the imidazole nitrogen of His . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ser ( 10 ) , Thr ( 12 ) , Asn ( 14 ) , and Thr ( 15 ) were shown to bind the phosphate of the FMN while the isoalloxazine ring is positioned between Trp ( 60 ) and Tyr ( 98 ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The reactivity of the aromatic side chains of Tyr and Trp in human haemopexin were studied by chemical modifications and analysis of spectrophotometric titration curves . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosine ( Tyr ) , tyrosine hydroxylase ( TH ) , tryptophan ( Trp ) , serotonin ( 5 HT ) , and 5 hydroxyindole acetic acid ( 5 HIAA ) were assayed spectrofluorometrically and radioenzymatically in various regions of post mortem brains of human patients with hepatic , uremic , and diabetic coma , liver cirrhosis without coma , and hepatic coma treated with parenteral administration of L valine , a branched chain amino acid . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The single point mutation Trp 138 leads to Tyr leads to relatively large changes in stability and the interaction of the protein with guanidinium chloride . ^^^ The changes associated with the subsequent double mutation , Trp 126 leads to Tyr , Trp 158 leads to Tyr , are much smaller indicating a relatively smooth adjustment of the protein structure to the changed side chains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This is achieved by developing a series of specific stains for the following amino acids : Arg , Tyr , His , Trp , Met and Cys . ^^^ The Pauli reaction for His and Tyr and the Sakaguchi stain for Arg can be developed sequentially in the same gel , thus allowing the detection of four different amino acids since , under these conditions , also Trp reacts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cytochrome c of Tetrahymena pyriformis GL ( Phenoset A ) had an isoelectric point of 6 . 5 and by sequence the following composition : Asp ( 7 ) Asn ( 2 ) Thr ( 4 ) Ser ( 8 ) Glu ( 6 ) Gln ( 2 ) Pro ( 7 ) Gly ( 13 ) Ala ( 13 ) Val ( 7 ) Met ( 2 ) Ile ( 5 ) Leu ( 6 ) Tyr ( 2 ) Phe ( 5 ) Lys ( 11 ) His ( 3 ) Trp ( 1 ) Arg ( 3 ) Cys ( 2 ) ( total 109 residues ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Binding affinities towards DNA and base pair specificities of lysine copolymers , containing different amounts of Phe , Tyr or Trp residues , were estimated using a previously described chromatographic method . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Up till now evidence is lacking regarding the regional distribution of indoles , like tryptophan ( TRP ) , serotonin ( 5 HT ) and 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid ( 5 HIAA ) as well as tyrosine ( TYR ) in the brains of Mongolian gerbils . ^^^ Brain TYR and TRP are only slightly increased after a protein rich diet , whereas 5 HT and 5 HIAA are not changed . ^^^ Artificial nutrition with amino acid mixtures highly concentrated with branched chain amino acids lead to a decrease of TYR and TRP as well as 5 HT and 5 HIAA . ^^^ Mongolian gerbils show higher brain values of TRP and lower ones of TYR in comparison with other species of mice . ^^^ Moreover , TYR and TRP are significantly increased in peripheral organs after a protein rich diet . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Results showed that protein fluorescence is due to buried Trp only , except for the cucumber virus 4 strain , in which Tyr also contributed to the emission . ^^^ An unusually efficient Tyr leads to Trp energy transfer was observed in tobacco mosaic virus protein , indicating that most of four Tyr residues are located near the highly fluorescent Trp . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The steady state kinetics of the alkaline mesentericopeptidase catalysed hydrolysis of esters of the general formula Ac 10 OMe ( OEt ) has been studied , `` 10 ' ' being an amino acid residue ( Ala , Val , Leu , Ile , Phe , Tyr , Trp , Lys ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Residues of Phe , Tyr and Trp in the complexes of their oligonucleotide amidates and polynucleotides of A U of G C nucleotide composition are most likely localized in the minor groove of the Watson Crick part of the triple helix where they interact with bases but do not intercalate into the helix . ^^^ The effect of the residues of aromatic amino acids on the stability of triple helices is determined by the nucleotide composition of the latter , i . e . complexes of A U composition are destabilized with the Phe , Tyr and Trp residues , whereas the Trp residue does not affect the stability of the complexes of G C composition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On feeding a glucose diet , dietary cholesterol caused decreases in Trp , Thr and Tyr and increase in Pro and Met . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Accordingly , we have determined the positions of all hydrophobic residues by sequencing two k type light ( L ) chain precursors that were labeled with : [ 3H ] Ala , [ 3H ] Val , [ 3H ] Leu , [ 3H ] Ile , [ 3H ] Thr , [ 3H ] Pro , [ 3H ] Phe , [ 3H ] Tyr , [ 3H ] Trp , [ 35S ] Met , and [ 35S ] Cys . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Among the two Trp and the unique Tyr present in the amino acid sequence of the neurotoxin of Naja naja philippinensis , only one Trp is reactive in intermolecular charge transfer experiments , using organic electron acceptors . ^^^ In the reference toxin alpha of Naja nigricollis , neither the single Trp nor the Tyr , both invariant and essential for lethality , are available for charge transfer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NAs of aromatic amino acids ( Phe , Tyr , Trp ) are hydrolyzed predominantly by an enzyme showing maximum activity in uterine epithelium and in walls of blood vessels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Singlet singlet resonance energy transfer between Tyr in position 4 and Trp in position 1 was evaluated for a calculation of the intramolecular distance between these two residues on the basis of the Frster equation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The amino acid composition of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltrasferase is 17 Lys , 5 His , 12 Arg , 0 Trp , 31 Asx , 12 Thr , 14 Ser , 16 Glx , 14 Pro , 19 Gly , 12 Ala , 5 Cys , 18 Val , 5 Met , 11 Ile , 20 Leu , 10 Tyr , and 9 Phe . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The presence of both apolar ( Trp , Tyr and Lys ( deprotonated ) ) and polar ( Arg and Lys ( protonated ) ) residues at the steroid binding site fits in well with the site relative apolarity , when expressed on the Kosower scale ( Kosower , E . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The purified zymogen showed a specific activity of 1 , 460 NH units / mg of protein , a molecular weight of 65 , 000 as determined by SDS polyacrylamide disc gel electroesis , E 1 . 0 mg / ml 1 . 0 cm , 280 nm = 1 . 45 at pH 7 . 0 and the following amino acid composition : Asx 51 , Thr 38 , Glx 62 , Pro 23 , Gly 44 , Ala 25 , Half Cys 30 , Val 35 , Met 3 , Ile 30 , Leu 32 , Tyr 19 , Phe 22 , Lys 36 , His 8 , Arg 28 , and Trp 13 , which accounts for a minimum molecular weight of 59 , 370 ( carbohydrates not computed ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There were alterations in the nine amino acid residues , Lys , His , Arg , Asp , Glu , Pro , 1 / 2 Cys , Tyr and Trp . ^^^ In addition , RKN lysozyme contained decreased numbers of Trp , Tyr and 1 / 2 Cys , and increased numbers of proline residues as found in HEW lysozyme . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This analysis indicates that hen lysozyme and papain are inactivated by photolysis of an essential Trp residue , that bovine trypsin is inactivated by photolysis of a Trp residue adjacent to the key catalytic Ser and other pathways initiated by excitation of Tyr and Cys , that the efficient photoionization of Tyr and RNase A is not an important inactivating reaction , and that aromatic residues in subtilisn Carlsberg are photosensitive . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is found that the aminoacyl tRNA synthetases ( EC 6 . 1 . 1 . ) with specificity for Arg , Asn , Ile , Leu , Met , Phe , Thr , Trp , and Val attach the amino acid to the 2 ' position ; those with specificity for Gly , His , Lys , and Ser attach the amino acid to the 3 ' position ; and that Tyr and Cys can be enzymatically attached to both the 2 ' and 3 ' positions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The contacts between bulky hydrophobic side chains ( Val , Leu , Ile , Met , Phe , Tyr , and Trp ) were studied in five globins with known three dimensional structures . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human liver alanine aminopeptidase is inhibited by L amino acids having hydrophobic side chains such as Phe , Tyr , Trp , Met , and Leu . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We evaluated the effect of intravenous ( i . v . ) glucose on the plasma tryptophan ( TRP ) and tyrosine ( TYR ) concentration of 12 normal subjects , six patients with carcinoid tumors and the carcinoid syndrome ( carcinoid syndrome ) , and five patients with carcinoid tumors without the carcinoid syndrome ( tumor . ) Following i . v . glucose administration , the plasma Trp concentration of the normal subjects and the tumor patients incresed , while the plasma Trp concentration of the carcinoid syndrome patients decreased . ^^^ The response to i . v . insulin differed in some respects from the response to i . v . glucose : the plasma Trp of normal subjects did not change while the plasma Trp of carcinoid syndrome patients decreased ; the plasma Tyr of the normal subjects increased while the plasma Tyr concentration of the carcinoid syndrome patients did not change . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Semi chronic exposure of ICR male Mice to Aflatoxin B 1 ( AFB 1 ) in non toxic doses decreased brain serotonin ( 5 hydroxytryptamine , 5 HT ) , 5 hydroxyindole 3 acetic acid ( 5 HIAA ) and catecholamines without altering tryptophan ( TRP ) or tyrosine ( TYR ) levels . ^^^ The TRP load caused a further reduction in brain catecholamines without altering TYR levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The binding of di and tetranucleotides with tri and tetrapeptides containing Tyr , Trp , Phe having lysine on both ends has been studied using a 500 MHz proton NMR . ^^^ On comparing the results obtained with three different peptides , it is found that interaction decreases in the order Trp > Tyr > Phe which is similar to that found by theoretical energy calculations ( reported elsewhere ) and fluorescence measurements . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The neonatal mice , unlike their pubertal and adult counterparts , also lacked dopachrome converting activity and TRP tyrosinase related protein 1 expression . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ratio of plasma Trp to the sum of Leu , Val , Ile , Phe , Met and Tyr is increased in the Li treated rats but not significantly . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A retention order of Gly < Ala < Cys < Val < Met < Pro < Ile < Leu < Tyr < Phe < Trp is seen at room temperature . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
After 2 days ' incubation , changes in various melanogenic factors were examined such as tyrosinase activity and the amount of tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) as well as the morphology of the melanocytes . dbcAMP stimulated all the melanogenic factors . ^^^ Staurosporine increased tyrosinase activity and amount of TRP and caused morphological changes with the formation of numerous dendrites , regardless of the presence of dbcAMP . ^^^ In contrast , PMA did not significantly affect tyrosinase activity , TRP content or dendrite formation , with or without dbcAMP . ^^^ The effects of staurosporine on tyrosinase activity and TRP content were completely inhibited by PMA , but PMA did not significantly affect the staurosporine induced morphological changes . ^^^ A 23187 inhibited both tyrosinase activity and TRP content , regardless of the presence of dbcAMP , but did not affect the morphology of melanocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two experiments were conducted to determine whether supplementation of 5 g of tryptophan ( TRP ) or 10 g of tyrosine ( TYR ) per kilogram of a 14 % CP diet would alter the response of pigs to stress as measured by hypothalamic neurotransmitter concentrations and incidence of PSE . ^^^ Twenty four ( Exp . 1 ) and 36 ( Exp . 2 ) 92 kg pigs were offered one of three diets : control , TRP , or TYR supplemented for 5 d before slaughter . ^^^ Dietary TRP or TYR supplementation in Exp . 1 . doubled ( P less than . 05 ) plasma TRP and TYR concentrations , respectively , and increased ( P less than . 05 ) 5 hydroxytryptamine , dihydroxyphenyl ethylamine , dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid , and homovanillic acid concentrations in the hypothalamus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ligand effects on Tm values from DSC were similar to those from spectral measurements of Trp and Tyr exposures in two subunit domains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The plasma ratio of each neutral amino acid ( tryptophan ( TRP ) , tyrosine ( TYR ) , valine , isoleucine , leucine ( LEU ) or phenylalanine ) to the sum of the other neutral amino acids was measured in 16 manic and 14 depressed patients . ^^^ These results suggest that , in manic depressive illness , there might be abnormalities in the metabolism of neutral amino acids , mainly of TRP and TYR , and that the plasma TRP and TYR ratios might be important indicators for determining the efficacy of some drugs . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A comparison of the NMR derived models for CTP 3 interacting with TE 32 and TE 33 with the previously derived model for TE 34 reveals a relationship between amino acid sequence and combining site structure and function . ( a ) The three aromatic residues that interact with the peptide in TE 32 and TE 33 complexes , Tyr 32L , Tyr 32H , and Trp 50H , are invariant in all light chains sharing at least 65 % identity with TE 33 and TE 32 and in all heavy chains sharing at least 75 % identity with TE 33 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since Tyr and Trp are normally absent , spectral properties could be unambiguously assigned to the site of substitution . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The first was an aromatic residue ( Tyr , Phe , or Trp ) at the NH 2 terminus of the peptide sequences , and the second was located three residues downstream and consisted of Met or Leu . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Replacement of Tyr 26 with Phe or Trp gave rise to mutant receptors that were internalized at 10 % the wild type rate , while receptors with Ala , Leu , Ile , Val , or Asn at this position were totally inactive . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , the substitution of the C terminal Phe of peptide alpha 2 F with Arg , Trp , and Tyr ( but not Ala or Asp ) did not appreciably affect the Gi activating potency . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to assign the observed cross peaks , a selective 15N labeling of amino acid residues ( Tyr , Phe , Trp , Lys , Gly , Leu , Val or Ile ) was carried out and 1H 15N NMR spectra of bacteriorhodopsin and its fragments C 1 ( residues ( 72 231 ) , C 2 ( residues 1 71 ) , B 1 ( residues 1 155 ) and BP 2 ( residues 163 231 ) were investigated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The amino acid residue Val 104 in subtilisin 309 has been replaced by Ala , Arg , Asp , Phe , Ser , Trp and Tyr by site directed mutagenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The fragment encodes five tRNAs ( tRNA ( met 1 ) , anticodon complementary to AUG ; tRNA ( met 2 ) , AUG ; tRNA ( thr ) , ACA ; tRNA ( tyr ) , UAC ; tRNA ( trp ) , UGG ) , the transcription termination antitermination factor nusG , the four 50 S subunit ribosomal proteins L 11 , L 1 , L 10 , and L 12 , and the amino terminal portion of the RNA polymerase beta subunit protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Dipolar contacts between the Trp 2 and Tyr 46 in Pf Fd and from an invariant phenylalanine to an invariant valine and a cluster cysteine in both Fd confirm a folding pattern for these proteins that is very similar to that of the crystallographically characterized ferredoxin from the mesophile Desulfovibro gigas . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mode of action of tachyplesin 1 , an antimicrobial cationic heptadecapeptide amide isolated from the hemocyte debris of a horseshoe crab , Tachypleus tridentatus , toward lipid matrices was studied with synthetic tachyplesin 1 , its analogs with Phe in place of Trp or Tyr , a linear analog with no disulfide bonds , and two linear short fragments . ^^^ Spectrophotometric titration of the peptides with laurylphosphorylcholine revealed that both Trp and Tyr residues orient toward the inside of lipid matrices , suggesting that they are on the same side of the peptide backbone . ^^^ The energy transfer experiment showed that a conformational change occurred such that the Tyr and Trp residues are positioned more closely to each other in acidic liposomes than in buffer solution . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 1H NMR spectrum of the catalytic subunit of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamoylase ( EC 2 . 1 . 3 . 2 ) was simplified by using strains auxotrophic for the aromatic amino acids and a growth medium containing fully deuterated Trp , Phe , and His and partially deuterated Tyr . 1H resonances for Tyr in the catalytic trimer ( M ( r ) = 10 ( 5 ) ) were partially resolved into five peaks at 27 degrees C , which above 50 degrees C were further resolved to give a distinct resonance for each of the eight Tyr residues in the polypeptide chain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Amino acid analysis revealed a lower content of the aromatic residues Phe , Tyr and Trp and higher level of Ser residue than in the rabbit muscle enzyme . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The in vitro `` immune response ' ' to the hapten NIP was dominated by the 9 1 segment ( VH 3 family ) , and that to phOx by the VH 26 segment ( VH 3 family ) with an invariant aromatic residue ( Tyr , Phe , Trp ) at residue 97 of CDR 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Utilizing the hydrophobic driven process of the inverse temperature transition exhibited by these polypentapeptides in aqueous solution , the relative hydrophobicities of Phe , Trp , and Tyr residues are determined by the critical temperature and heat of the transition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Alkylation of tryptophan occurred during the synthesis of a 19 amino acid peptide of the following sequence : Tyr Ala Ala Gln Asn Arg Arg Gly Leu Asp Leu Leu Phe Trp Glu Gln Gly Gly Leu . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Most , but not all , amino acids can convert nitrite into nitrogen gas ; Pro can be converted into non mutagenic nitrosoproline , CySH to S nitrosocysteine , Trp to weakly mutagenic nitrosotryptophan and Tyr to non mutagenic diazotyrosine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is also found that the relative Raman signal intensities of Tyr , Phe , and Trp residues in purified crystallins correlate very well with the data obtained from amino acid analysis . ^^^ Especially noteworthy is the demonstrated usefulness of applying Raman techniques in the detection of the microenvironments of the aromatic amino acids such as Tyr and Trp in the native crystallins , which may prove useful in the study of contribution of these aromatic residues to crystallin packing and stability . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Role of Tyr and Trp in membrane responses of Pyrularia thionin determined by optical and NMR spectra following Tyr iodination and Trp modification . ^^^ Pyrularia thionin is a strongly basic and bioactive 47 amino acid peptide which contains two Tyr residues at positions 13 and 45 and one Trp at position 8 . ^^^ This treatment did not significantly modify the Tyr 13 or Trp 8 located in the NH 2 terminal fragment . ^^^ More extensive iodination resulted in a disappearance of Trp 8 absorbance with an accompanying conversion of Tyr 13 to the monoiodo form . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Replacement of Phe 43 with Ala or Ile reduces affinity for gp 120 by more than 500 fold ; Tyr , Trp , and Leu substitutions have smaller effects . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Difference spectroscopy led to the conclusion that , in the metal free protein , the structure around the aromatic residues is well organized , but that Tyr and Trp residues are still solvent exposed . ^^^ Upon Ca2+ binding Tyr and Trp spectra are blue shifted , but some Trp residues are confined to a positively charged pocket . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The proton resonances of the Phe , Tyr , and Trp residues of the enzyme in the ternary enzyme La ( 3+ ) dTdA complex were sequence specifically assigned by 2D phase sensitive NOESY , with and without deuteration of the aromatic protons of the Tyr residues , and by 2D heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation ( HMQC ) spectroscopy and 3D NOESY HMQC spectroscopy with 15N labeling . ^^^ While resonances of most Phe , Tyr and Trp residues were unshifted by the substrate dTdA from those found in the enzyme La ( 3+ ) 3 ' , 5 ' pdTp complex and the enzyme Ca ( 2+ ) 3 ' , 5 ' pdTp complex , proton resonances of Tyr 85 , Tyr 113 , Tyr 115 , and Phe 34 were shifted by 0 . 08 to 0 . 33 ppm and the 15N resonance of Tyr 113 was shifted by 2 . 1 ppm by the presence of substrate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have mutated Cys 102 to Trp , Ser , Tyr , and Phe and have investigated the altered enzymes in terms of their enzymatic activities and EPR properties . ^^^ The temperature dependencies , microwave power dependencies , and spin quantitations of these species are consistent with the Trp 102 , Ser 102 , Phe 102 , and Tyr 102 mutations causing conversion of one of the [ 4Fe 4S ] clusters present in the wild type enzyme into [ 3Fe 4S ] clusters in the mutant enzymes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Synergism between the Trp repressor and Tyr repressor in repression of the aroL promoter of Escherichia coli K 12 . ^^^ The expression of aroL was repressed 6 . 9 fold by the Tyr repressor alone and 29 fold when both Tyr and Trp repressors were present . ^^^ The Trp repressor had no effect on expression from the aroL promoter in the absence of the Tyr repressor . ^^^ Possible mechanisms for Trp repressor mediated repression , including cooperative interactions with the Tyr repressor , are discussed . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The experimental results shown by various damages of the main chain and side chain of lysozyme are as follows : ( 1 ) Phe and Cys are also damaged by photosensitization of YHPD , except for Trp , Tyr , Met , 1 / 2Cys and His ; ( 2 ) the order of the photosensitized sensitivity of various groups of these amino acids have been described ; ( 3 ) Trp and Tyr buried in the three dimensional structure of the protein are damaged very greatly , and ( 4 ) the main chain conformation of the protein has changed considerably , such as a decrease in orderly structure ( alpha helix , beta sheet and beta turn ) and a simultaneous increase in random . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Extractions of Asp , Glu , Ser , Asn , Gly , Gln , Tau , His , Cit , Thr , Pro , Tyr , Val , cystine , Ile , Leu , Trp , Orn , and Lys also were correlated with arteriovenous differences of Met . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In support of this , solvent perturbation difference spectroscopy showed that in 8 M urea the Trp and Tyr residues in barnase are more accessible to perturbation by dimethyl sulfoxide than in ribonuclease T 1 with the disulfide bonds broken . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The peptide is synthesized in intrinsic cells of the corpus cardiacum as shown by in vitro incorporation of [ 3H ] Trp and [ 14C ] Tyr in Mem CC . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is also found that the relative Raman signal intensities of Tyr , Phe , Trp and Met residues in purified toxins correlate very well with the structural data obtained from amino acid analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The rank order of entropy loss for the series of natural apolar side chains under consideration is Ala less than Leu less than Trp less than Met less than Phe less than Ile less than Tyr less than Val . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since this protein is naturally devoid of Tyr and Trp , spectral features can be assigned unambiguously to the single Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 1H NMR spectrum of labeled CRP [ Trp ( ring d 5 ) , Phe ( ring d 5 ) , and Tyr ( 3 , 5 d 2 ) ] showed good resolution in the aromatic region . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Intermediate pituitaries of the reptile , Anolis carolinensis , were separately pulse labeled with [ 3H ] Trp and [ 3H ] Tyr . ^^^ Tryptic peptide analysis indicated that the [ 3H ] Trp labeled C terminal fragment of Anolis alpha MSH had the same retention time as mammalian ACTH ( 9 13 ) amide ; however , the [ 3H ] Tyr labeled N terminal fragment did not coelute with either mammalian ACTH ( 1 8 ) or N acetyl ACTH ( 1 8 ) . ^^^ The major form of Anolis alpha MSH is nonacetylated and has the following novel primary sequence : Ser Tyr Ala Met Glu His Phe Arg Trp Gly Lys Pro ( Val amide ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These properties are as follows : increased content of certain residues ( Gly , Pro , Phe , Arg , Tyr , Met and Trp ) as well as an increased rate of occurrence of certain pairs of residue as compared with proteins , a random sequence of residues and `` nonregulatory ' ' peptides . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The t 1 and t 2 values from deconvolutions of DSC data agree with t0 . 5 values previously calculated from spectral measurements of temperature induced exposures of approximately 0 . 7 of 2 Trp and approximately 2 of 17 Tyr per subunit , respectively [ Shrake et al . ( 1989 ) Biochemistry 28 , 6281 6294 ] , over a 14 degrees C temperature range using both stabilizing and destabilizing conditions for Mn . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of partially purified preparations of the enzyme has revealed three isoenzymes : DAHP synthase Tyr , DAHP synthase Trp and DAHP synthase Phe , each of them being regulated by a corresponding amino acid . ^^^ DAHP synthase Tyr and DAHP synthase Trp are minor isoenzymes ( sharing 15 % of enzyme activity each ) and are controlled by tyrosine and tryptophane correspondingly . 50 % of inhibition of activity is possible by adding 0 . 7 and 0 . 8 mkM of corresponding amino acid . ^^^ Regulation of the enzyme synthesis was studied in the Trp , Phe and Tyr mutants . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The drug sensitivity system was confirmed by showing that mutations in the HIV reverse transcriptase gene from a ZDV resistant isolate resulted in four amino acid changes ( Leu 125 Trp , Ile 142 Val , Thr 215 Tyr , and Pro 294 Thr ) including one change ( Thr 215 Tyr ) that has been previously reported to be associated with resistance . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyr to Trp energy transfer at the singlet level is found for both UP 1 and A 1 proteins . ^^^ Single stranded polynucleotide binding induces a quenching of their intrinsic fluorescence emission , which can be attributed to a significant reduction ( greater than 50 % ) of the Tyr contribution , while Trp emission is only quenched by approximately 15 % . ^^^ Tyrosine quenching effects of similar magnitude are seen upon polynucleotide binding by either UP 1 ( 1 Trp , 4 Tyr ) or A 1 ( 1 Trp , 12 Tyr ) , strongly suggesting that Tyr residues in both the N terminal and C terminal domain of A 1 are involved in the binding process . ^^^ While the UP 1 Tyr phosphorescence lifetime is drastically shortened in the polynucleotide complex , no change of phosphorescence emission maximum , phosphorescence decay lifetime or ODMR transition frequencies were observed for the single Trp residue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
With previously determined mode assignments , it is shown that the Trp and Tyr residues of the globin moiety are influenced by the charge spatial distribution . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The relative overall alkylating potency was 23 : 10 : 5 : 4 : 2 : 1 : for Trp , Met , His , Tyr , Phe and Gly , respectively . ^^^ The homo dipeptides were much more potent than the amino acids , with relative potencies of 400 : 110 : 100 : 8 : 3 : 1 , for Trp Trp , Tyr Tyr , Met Met , Asp Asp , Phe Phe and Gly , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Specifically , the pentapeptide sequence of [ Trp 3 ] beta CM 5 , H Tyr Pro Trp Pro Gly OH ( 1 ) was modified at Pro 2 and Pro 4 by D Pro substitutions to provide two diastereometric analogs , [ Trp 3 D Pro 4 ] beta CM 5 ( 2 ) and [ D Pro 2 , 4 , Trp 3 ] beta CM 5 ( 3 ) . ^^^ Fluorescence energy transfer ( FET ) experiments of compounds 1 3 provided the intramolecular distances ( r ) between their Tyr ( donor ) to Trp ( acceptor ) side chains , by the Frster method , and were as follows : [ Trp 3 ] beta CM 5 , r = 10 . 6 A ; [ Trp 3 , D Pro 4 ] beta CM 5 , r = 9 . 6 A ; and [ D Pro 2 , 4 , Trp 3 ] beta CM 5 , r = 11 . 0 A . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of mtr was repressed 97 fold by tryptophan via the Trp repressor and induced 10 fold by phenylalanine or tyrosine via the Tyr repressor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Acute treatment with either LPS or flunixin decreases the CNS TRP / TYR ratio ; pretreatment with AFB 1 prevents those changes in the CNS TRP / TYR ratio . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When P 2 ' is Pro , Phe is preferred over Tyr and Trp in P 3 ' . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , the three tryptophan exchanges at the position alpha 8 resulted in either the absence of a core complex ( alpha Trp 8 Leu ) , the absence of the core antenna ( alpha Trp 8 Ala ) or a reduction in the carotenoid content ( alpha Trp 8 Tyr ) . ^^^ The strongest blue shift of the bacteriochlorophyll a ( 8 11 nm ) was induced by substitutions of the Trp at position alpha 43 ( alpha Trp 43 Ala , Leu or Tyr ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Some Trp and Tyr sidechains are located in hydrophobic environments and some NHs of mainchain amides and Trp indoles are not easily reached by solvent water , suggesting the presence of folded structures constructed of the beta and irregular parts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The influence of different amino acid residues in the P 2 position was investigated through the coupling between Z Xyz Phe OH ( where Xyz = Ala , Phe , Trp and Tyr ) and Phe OMe . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The molar extinction coefficient of native glutaredoxin ( 12 , 500 M 1 cm 1 at 280 nm ) was 15 % higher than expected from its content of one Trp and four Tyr residues . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using site specifically mutated forms of the protein in which tyrosine ( Tyr ) and phenylalanine ( Phe ) substitute for the Trp residues at positions 32 and 220 , we have examined whether wild type ( Wtyp ) intensity decay components may be assigned to specific Trp residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In particular , HSmT exhibits mainly : 1 ) a lower Asx / Glx ratio ; 2 ) a reduction of about 50 % in Cys residues ; 3 ) a decrease of Tyr and Trp residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Trp / N . , Met / S therefore Br Trp / N . and Met / S therefore Br Tyr / O . has been investigated at various pH levels and temperatures in model peptides : Trp ( Pro ) n Tyr , Trp ( Gly ) n Tyr , Trp ( Pro ) n Met ( n = 0 3 ) , Tyr Phe Met Arg Phe NH 2 10 2AcOH , Met 5 enkephaline and [ D Ala ] 2Met5 enkephaline . ^^^ Tyr / O . transformation at pH 8 were found to decrease exponentially with the distance between Trp and Tyr in the proline peptides , while in the glycine peptides the rate of the transformation is less dependent on the number of bridging glycine residues . ^^^ These activation parameters seem to indicate that a tunnelling mechanism is involved in the electron transfer between strictly oriented aromatic moieties of Trp and Tyr . ^^^ The variation of the activation parameters with average separation distance in the case of Trp ( Pro ) n Tyr shows a predominance of the electronic factor over the nuclear in determining the distance dependence of the electron transfer rate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutated SSIs which have a polar ( Ser , Thr , Gln , Asn ) , basic ( Lys , Arg ) , or aromatic amino acid ( Tyr , Phe , Trp , His ) , or Ala or Leu , at the P 1 site showed almost the same strong inhibitory activity toward subtilisin as the wild type ( Met ) SSI . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that a surprising degree of amino acid diversity is tolerable at Ak alpha position 69 : even charged ( Glu , Arg ) or bulky ( Trp , Tyr ) residues can be accommodated without abrogating cell surface expression of Ak , peptide binding to it , or T cell recognition of it . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , fluorescence and energy transfer data suggested that Zn2+ binding modifies the Trp 35 environment but not its solvent exposure , and increases the average distance between Tyr 28 and Trp 35 by about 2 A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Under these exceptionally mild conditions 2 chlorotrityl cations generated during the cleavage of amino acids and peptides from resin do not attack the nucleophilic side chains of Trp , Met , and Tyr . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , we propose that ideal substrates for human heart chymase should contain the structure nXaa Pro [ Phe , Tyr , or Trp ] Yaa Yaa , where n greater than or equal to 6 ; Xaa = any amino acid ; Yaa = any amino acid except proline . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Binding of double stranded calf thymus DNA brings about a moderate quenching of the Tyr and Trp fluorescence emission of both the 31 kDa fragment and beta polymerase and induces a 6 nm blue shift in the Trp emission maximum of the intact enzyme , but not in the fragment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For many years , we have been studying , in psychiatric conditions , the influx of tyrosine ( TYR ) and tryptophan ( TRP ) , the two amino acid precursors of monoamines , across the membrane of human blood cells . ^^^ The effect of cytochalasin B was about 200 times less for TYR and TRP transport than for glucose . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to investigate the role of the carboxy terminal segment in the catalytic , regulatory , and structural properties of the major allosteric phosphofructokinase ( ATP : D fructose 6 phosphate 1 phosphotransferase : EC 2 . 7 . 1 . 11 ) from Escherichia coli , the corresponding gene has been modified at either of two sites using oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis : the codon at position 279 was changed from TAC ( Tyr ) into TAA ( Ochre ) , and the codon at position 311 from TGG ( Trp ) into TAG ( Amber ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyr and Trp most readily fulfil these catholic physicochemical requirements and thus would be expected to be common in combining sites on theoretical grounds . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This reveals a unique structural feature at the copper site with a novel thioether bond linking Cys 228 and Tyr 272 in a stacking interaction with Trp 290 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phenylalanine , Met , Trp , Cys , Tyr , Asp and Glu methyl esters depleted monocytes from PBMC , caused inhibition of NK activity , and allowed LAK activation at high cell density . ^^^ The D series of the active L amino acid ( Met , Tyr and Trp ) methyl esters were not active . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Each of these antibodies has been selectively labeled with 13C at the carbonyl carbon of Trp , Tyr , His , or Cys residue by growing hybridoma cells in serum free medium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The highly preferred cluster residues are ( in order of decreasing preference ) Trp , His , Arg , Tyr , Glu , Gln and Phe . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effect of specific chemical modification of Arg , His , Lys , Trp , Tyr and Asp / Glu residues of types A , B and E neurotoxins on lethality and antigenicity , and 7 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The photodestruction of TRP residues of this tight binding repressor , bearing two different amino acids as compared to the wild type one ( Ser 61 Leu , Pro 3 Tyr ) indicates a probably subtle ( since not detected by classical spectroscopic methods ) difference of structure of the entire protein and confirms the similarity between specific and non specific binding of this mutant repressor to DNA , observed by other methods . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this case , complexation constants increased in the order : Phe less than Tyr less than Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There were significant differences of postprandial plasma concentrations for 8 amino acids ( Cys , Val , Met , Leu , Tyr , Lys , Trp , and Arg ) depending on whether pigs consumed a meal containing casein or isolated soy protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The code in non plant mt differs from the universal code in the following usages found in various organisms : UGA for Trp , AUA for Met , AGR for Ser and stop , AAA for Asn , CUN for Thr , and possibly UAA for Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The majority of these side reactions modify susceptible residues , such as Trp , Tyr , Met , and Cys , with TFA liberated side chain protecting groups and linkers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mutations included replacement of 1 ) Glu 200 , predicted to hydrogen bond to the 2 ' OH of cAMP bound to site A , with Asp , 2 ) Tyr 371 , the site of affinity labeling with 8 N 3 cAMP in site B , with Trp , and 3 ) Phe 247 , the position in site A that is homologous to Tyr 371 in site B , with Tyr . ^^^ Photoaffinity labeling of the native R subunit results in the covalent modification of two residues , Trp 260 and Tyr 371 , by 8 N 3 cAMP bound to sites A and B , respectively , with a stoichiometry of 1 mol of 8 N 3 cAMP incorporated per mol of R monomer ( Bubis , J . , and Taylor , S . ^^^ A stoichiometry of 1 mol of 8 N 3 cAMP incorporated per R monomer was observed for each mutant regulatory subunit as well , even when 2 mol of 8 N 3 cAMP were bound per R monomer ; however , the major sites of covalent modification were altered as follows : R ( Y371 / W ) , Trp 371 ; R ( E200 / D ) , Tyr 371 , and R ( F247 / Y ) , Tyr 371 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chemical modifications in the partial sequences NKA ( 4 10 ) and NKB ( 4 10 ) , particularly the replacement of Val 7 with an aromatic residue ( Tyr , MePhe or Trp ) and the extension of the peptide backbone in position 8 , obtained with beta Ala , led to compounds that maintain weak agonistic activities on the NK 1 and NK 2 , and some of them also on NK 3 receptors but exert potent antagonism against NKB on the NK 3 receptor of the rat portal vein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the aromatic region of the spectra , the assignment of the ring spin systems is nearly complete ( 12 / 15 Phe , 2 / 2 Tyr , 1 / 1 Trp , and 3 / 4 His ) . ^^^ This has successfully lead to the complete assignment of all of their beta CH ' s , main chain alpha CH resonances , and many of the backbone amide resonances ( 8 / 12 Phe , 2 / 2 Tyr , 1 / 1 Trp , and 2 / 3 His ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The main chain amide 1H 15N resonances and H alpha resonances were resolved and classified into 18 amino acid types by using HMQC and 15N edited COSY measurements , respectively , of T 4 lysozymes selectively enriched with one or more of alpha 15N labeled Ala , Arg , Asn , Asp , Gly , Gln , Glu , Ile , Leu , Lys , Met , Phe , Ser , Thr , Trp , Tyr , or Val . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A group of eight protein amino acids ( Met , Arg , Tyr , Val , Trp , Leu , Lys and Cys ) exhibited the most marked and significant protein dependent differences during this early postprandial phase , whereas Thr and His showed less marked differences . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Raman spectroscopy was used to determine structural features of the native toxin alpha from Naja nigricollis , which contains only one Trp and one Tyr , and of chemically modified toxins having chromophores added to these two conserved aromatic amino acids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One hundred ninety two CSF samples from 50 subjects , which were selected to minimize the effects of the disease and its treatment ( i . e . , to approach `` normality ' ' as closely as possible ) , were analyzed for the monoamine precursors tyrosine ( Tyr ) and tryptophan ( Trp ) and the metabolites homovanillic acid ( HVA ) and 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid ( 5 HIAA ) . ^^^ Significant correlations were observed between the acid metabolites HVA and 5 HIAA ( r = 0 . 79 ) and between the amino acid precursors Tyr and Trp ( r = 0 . 71 ) . ^^^ No significant sex differences for CSF levels of HVA , 5 HIAA , Tyr , or Trp were found . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The polypeptide chain of myoglobin was cleaved with BrCN ( at Met residues ) or with bromosuccinimide ( at Trp and Tyr residues ) under conditions which on average gave less than one scission per myoglobin molecule . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The optical properties of the Trp and Tyr residues of CaVP indicate that the calmodulin derived model represents the most plausible prediction . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Owing to the intricate contact between the lipidic core and the apolipoproteins , the Trp residues of human serum LDL and HDL 3 are very rapidly oxidized , i . e . , at least one order of magnitude faster than Tyr HDL and Lys LDL , which are believed to be involved in the binding of these lipoproteins to their cell receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Based on sequence comparisons with known tRNAs , only those for phe , trp , and tyr are encoded in Paramecium mt DNA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
THR , CIT , alpha AB , VAL , MET , ILE , LEU , TYR , PHE , TRP , and ARG . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Raman spectra also show the following : ( 1 ) The molecular environments of as many as four tryptophan residues per subunit are altered upon packaging RNA , resulting in stronger 1N H hydrogen bonding for two Trp residues and more hydrophobic environments for two indole rings . ( 2 ) Hydrogen bonding states of the seven Tyr residues per subunit do not change detectably when RNA is packaged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hypoxia did not alter striatal concentrations of DA , 5HT , Trp , Tyr , 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid , or homovanillic acid . ^^^ However , NaNO 2 ( 75 mg / kg ) reduced the rates of conversion of [ 3H ] Tyr to [ 3H ] DA ( 41 % ) and [ 3H ] Trp to [ 3H ] 5 HT ( 39 % ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
With dimethyl sulfoxide used as a perturbant , the exposure of Trp and Tyr residues in various mixtures of chloroform methanol was evaluated by difference spectroscopy of the proteolipid protein ( APL ) and its chemically deacylated form ( d APL ) . ^^^ In water , UV difference spectroscopy indicated that the number of Tyr and Trp groups exposed in both APL and d APL was relatively small and was independent of the molecular size of the perturbant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This enzyme shows a proteolytic activity in presence of calcium on synthetic substrates including Phe , Tyr and Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The single channel data for 4 different linear gramicidins containing either 4 Trp , 4 Phe , 4 Tyr or TyrBzl have been analyzed on the basis of 3 barriers 2 sites model . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Also , the replacement of the amino acid number 2 ( Trp ) by Tyr or Phe was followed by a loss of the insulin lowering effect of galanin at this dose level . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The singly nitrated molecule ( on Tyr 7 ) binds the trp operator with an affinity close to that of the unmodified repressor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , in reticulocytes , distinct types of the N end recognizing activity are shown to be specific for three classes of primary destabilizing residues : basic ( Arg , Lys , His ) , bulky hydrophobic ( Phe , Leu , Trp , Tyr ) , and small uncharged ( Ala , Ser , Thr ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Predictions of the structures of mutant rhinovirus 14 with the substitutions 1188 Val Leu , 1199 Cys Tyr and 1199 Cys Trp in VP 1 were made using a molecular dynamics technique . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tryptic mapping of nexly synthetized alpha MSH generated two fragments with the following amino acid composition : ( T 1 ) Trp , Pro , Lys , Gly , Val and ( T 2 ) Tyr , Arg , Phe , His , Ser , Glu . ^^^ The sequence of the peptide determined by automated Edman degradation was Ser Tyr Ser Met Glu His Phe Arg Trp Gly Lys Pro Val . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The side chains of two Tyr , one or two Phe , and one Trp are probably directly involved in nucleotide base protein interactions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These include Tyr 36 and , within the kringle inner loop , Trp 62 , His 64 , Trp 72 , and Tyr 74 . ^^^ A strong dipolar interaction was observed among the Trp 25 indole NH 1 , the Tyr 50 amide NH , and the His48a imidazole CH 2 protons , which affords evidence for an aromatic cluster in t PA kringle 2 similar to that found at the hydrophobic kernel of PGN kringles . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In previous papers , we reported a deficit in tyrosine ( TYR ) and tryptophan ( TRP ) transport across the erythrocyte membrane in depressed patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Site directed mutagenesis of the c src gene was used to generate c src variants encoding pp60c src proteins with the following amino acid alterations : tyr 90 to phe ( pm90F ) ; tyr 92 to phe ( pm92F ) ; arg 95 to either trp , lys , glu or gln ( pm95W , 95K , 95E and 95Q , respectively ) , and deletion of residues 92 95 ( dl 92 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results showed that : ( 1 ) The patients who developed MSOF later had significantly lower levels of Pro , Gly Arg , Val , Leu , Ile , and BCAA / AAA , and higher values of Phe , Trp , Tyr , and Phe / Tyr than those who did not develop MSOF . ( 2 ) The incidence rate of MSOF increased as the ratio of BCAA / AAA decreased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Addition of standard solutions containing Tyr , His and especially Phe and Trp to plasma at neutral pH * results in poor recovery of their expected signal intensity in spin echo spectra . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Substitution of the Phe 60 residue by Val , Ser , Leu , His , Tyr and Trp gave proteins with no or only minor conformational changes , as detected by NMR spectroscopy . ^^^ The affinity of the mutant E . coli SSB proteins for single stranded DNA decreased in the order Trp greater than Phe ( wild type ) greater than Tyr greater than Leu greater than His greater than Val greater than Ser , leading to the conclusion that position 60 is a site of hydrophobic interaction of the protein with DNA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Peptide 1 41 contains the aromatic residues Tyr and Trp in positions 24 and 41 , respectively , and is suitable for fluorescence spectroscopy . ^^^ Binding of Ca2+ and of phospholipids involves essentially the Tyr residue , while the C terminal characteristics of the Trp residue remain unchanged . ^^^ The conformational change which takes place on binding does not shorten the distance between Tyr and Trp beyond 2 . 8 nm . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The CD spectra of the mutant proteins , substituted by Tyr or Trp residue in place of Glu residue at position 49 , showed more intense positive bands due to one additional Tyr or Trp residue at position 49 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The thermal transition involves the exposure of approximately 0 . 7 of the 2 Trp residues / subunit ( by UV difference spectroscopy ) and 2 of the 17 Tyr residues / subunit ( change in exposure from 4 . 7 to 6 . 7 Tyr / subunit by second derivative spectral analysis ) . ^^^ Monitoring changes in Trp and Tyr exposure independently gives data that conform to a two state model for partial unfolding with Tm values ( where delta G unfolding = 0 ) differing by 2 3 degrees C at each level of [ Mn2+ ] studied and with average delta HvH values of 80 and 94 kcal / mol , respectively . ^^^ The high temperature Mn enzyme form is somewhat less unfolded than is the catalytically inactive apoenzyme , which undergoes no further Trp or Tyr exposure on heating and therefore is assumed to be the high temperature form of divalent cation free GS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The amino acid precursors , tryptophan ( TRP ) and tyrosine ( TYR ) were measured along with the 5 HT and DA metabolites , 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid ( 5 HIAA ) and homovanillic acid ( HVA ) , in brain and cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) at the above ages . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To elucidate the role of Tyr 80 in stabilizing the enzyme , the KNTase gene was modified by site directed mutagenesis so that the codon for Asp 80 of the wild type was replaced by that for Ser , Thr , Ala , Val , Leu , Phe and Trp , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyramine , phenethylamine , and tryptamine , the decarboxylation products of the aromatic amino acids ( Tyr , Phe , and Trp , respectively ) , reversed the inhibitory action of 1 microM GABA on [ 35S ] TBPS binding more potently than the parent amino acids ( EC 50 values = 1 . 5 3 . 0 mM ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analogs of a potent octapeptide analog of somatostatin ( SRIF ) H ( D ) Phe Cys Tyr ( D ) Trp Lys Val Cys Thr ( NH 2 ) were synthesized . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We find a short region of homology ( consensus Ile Tyr Pro Trp Met ) in four of the cDNAs , which is also present in Antennapedia and that may correspond to a bend region preceding the homeodomain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Four artificial mutant variants of human growth hormone ( hGH ) with the following characteristics were prepared in Escherichia coli by in vitro mutagenesis : ( 1 ) replacement of Trp 86 with Tyr ( W86Y hGH ) ; ( 2 ) deletion of Trp 86 ( delta W 86 hGH ) ; ( 3 ) deletion of residues 32 46 ( 20 kd hGH ) ; and ( 4 ) deletion of residues 32 71 ( 17 . 5 kd hGH ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It was found that : ( 1 ) The absence of one amino acid from the growth media had no effect on the plasmid copy number in prototrophic E . coli strains : ( 2 ) The presence of only one amino acid in artificial media free of amino acids had a negligible effect on the plasmid copy number for the amino acids Ala , Arg , Glu , His , Leu , Phe , Thr , Trp , and Tyr : ( 3 ) The combination of Met and Thr caused a rise in pBR 322 plasmid copy number up to 90 100 plasmid copies per cell : ( 4 ) The Fe3+ concentration had an amplification effect on E . coli plasmids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The CIDNP spectra of constant region CL fragments , which were derived from lambda type Bence Jones proteins with three different isotypes , gave polarizations originating from two Tyr and one Trp residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The three NTs were examined for secondary structure parameters ( alpha helix , beta sheet , beta turn and random coil content ) on the basis of circular dichroism ; degree of exposed Tyr residues ( second derivative spectroscopy ) and state of the Trp residues ( fluorescence and fluorescence quantum yield ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It has been shown that the spectrum is largely a result of contributions from Trp 120 and from Tyr 68 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
With a view to tailoring the specificity of BSLDH toward carbonyl substrates that lack an alpha carboxyl group such as ketones , site directed mutagenesis has been applied to replace Arg 171 by the approximately isosteric , but hydrophobic , amino acids Tyr and Trp . ^^^ Surprisingly , the 171 Tyr / Trp enzymes are significantly more active than 171 Lys ( Hart et al . , 1987a ) , for which an interaction of a positively charged side chain with substrate COO is retained . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The four LHRHs known to occur in nature involve a total of six amino acids ( Tyr , His , Leu , Trp , Arg , Gln ) in positions 5 , 7 , and 8 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Commun . 27 , 157 ) Tyr seems to be better than Phe and Trp , concerning kcat values . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The S 1 primary specificity subsite of the enzyme can bind Leu and 2 aminohexanoic acid as well , besides the aromatic amino acids Phe , Tyr , Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Six of these locations encode the genes for tRNA ( phe ) , tRNA ( his ) , tRNA ( trp ) , and tRNA ( glu ) , and the duplicate tRNA ( tyr ) genes which are located at the inverted terminal repeat segments . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ratios in plasma of tryptophan ( Trp ) and tyrosine ( Tyr ) to other large neutral amino acids were determined in 26 endogenous depressives before and after treatment with nortriptyline in doses adequate to achieve a steady state serum level between 70 and 130 ng / ml , i . e . , within the recommended therapeutic range . ^^^ Pretreatment plasma Trp ratio and Tyr ratio were normal and did not change significantly during treatment . ^^^ The plasma Trp and Tyr concentrations and the plasma Trp ratio showed no significant association with the therapeutic response . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although tryptophan ( Trp ) and tyrosine ( Tyr ) are found in TF 1 , the fluorescence spectrum of native TF 1 and its subunits is dominated by Tyr fluorescence ; this is in contrast to other proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Comparison of the activity profile of additional compounds , such as des acetyl alpha MSH , ( Tyr ( 1 ) 2 ) alpha MSH , ( Trp ( For ) 9 ) alpha MSH or ( Nva 12 ) alpha MSH , in the adrenocortical and pigment cell assays led to the conclusion that alpha MSH does not exert its steroidogenic effect through a typical melanocyte type of MSH receptor , but rather through a low affinity type of ACTH receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pretreatment plasma ratios of tryptophan ( Trp ) and tyrosine ( Tyr ) to other large neutral amino acids were determined in 27 depressed patients who completed a double blind trial of citalopram , a selective serotonin uptake inhibitor , against maprotiline , a selective noradrenaline uptake inhibitor . ^^^ The Trp ratio and the Tyr ratio were decreased in the total patient sample as compared with healthy controls . ^^^ There was no significant relationship between the plasma Trp ratio and the probenecid induced accumulation of 5 HIAA in the CSF , or between the plasma Tyr ratio and HVA level in CSF , whereas the CSF level of MHPG correlated significantly with the plasma Tyr ratio . ^^^ There was a significantly positive correlation between the Trp ratio , the Tyr ratio , their sum and the final Hamilton depression score in 14 patients treated with citalopram ; on the whole , this association was evident also in the endogenous and non endogenous subgroups . ^^^ The results suggest that the plasma Trp and Tyr ratios may be determinants of clinical improvement in depressed patients to treatment with citalopram and maprotiline . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Identified as mtDNA encoded were 2 spots for tRNA ( leu ) , 2 for tRNA ( met ) , and 1 each for tRNA ( phe ) , tRNA ( trp ) and tRNA ( tyr ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lipoxygenases purified from tomato , rat liver and soybean show a fluorescence band centered at 648 nm , which is likely to derive from Tyr and Trp . 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Derivatives were successfully obtained with both neutral ( Leu , Val , Ala , Ile , Trp , Tyr , Gly ) and one acidic ( Glu ) amino acids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The wild type ( with Asp 189 in the mature trypsin sequence ) and mutant ( Ser 189 ) trypsinogens were expressed in Escherichia coli , purified to homogeneity , activated by enterokinase , and tested with a series of fluorogenic tetrapeptide substrates with the general formula succinyl Ala Ala Pro Xaa AMC , where AMC is 7 amino 4 methyl coumarin and Xaa is Lys , Arg , Tyr , Phe , Leu , or Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The complete amino acid sequence of the protein ( 104 amino acid residues ) was determined : 6 Asp , 4 Asn , 4 Thr , 14 Ser , 3 Glu , 4 Gln , 4 Pro , 15 Gly , 9 Ala , 4 Cys , 6 Val , 2 Ile , 4 Leu , 10 Tyr , 4 Phe , 3 His , 4 Arg , 1 Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The erythrocyte membrane transport ( MT ) of L tyrosine ( TYR ) and L tryptophan ( TRP ) and their plasma concentration showed abnormal mean values in 37 depressed patients compared to control subjects before treatment . ^^^ In bipolar disorders the TYR values were all low and the TRP values showed little change , except a low level of plasma TRP . ^^^ In major depression , MT were abnormal ( MT TYR low , MT TRP high ) with a very low plasma TRP . ^^^ In dysthymic disorders the TYR and TRP values were normal . ^^^ In contrast , only plasma TYR and TRP were significantly increased in patients without recovery . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The solute perturbation techniques of fluorescence of tryptophan ( Trp ) and dye labeled thiol groups of cysteine as well as phosphorescence of tyrosine ( Tyr ) were utilized to obtain information on the relative solvent exposure and accessibility of these residues in gamma crystallins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We evaluated to what extent the tyrosine ( TYR ) and tryptophan ( TRP ) transport by the red cells was stable in normal subjects during divers clinical conditions . ^^^ The values of TYR and TRP transport were found to be individually determined , showed no circadian oscillations and no changes during the menstrual cycle , but varied somewhat more during the postpartum period . ^^^ A few normal subjects had low TYR and TRP transport values , as observed in patients with affective disorders . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two spectroscopically distinct types of tyrosine ( Tyr ) residues in triply point mutated bacteriophage T 4 lysozyme , which contains no tryptophan ( Trp ) , have been detected by optical detection of triplet state magnetic resonance ( ODMR ) spectroscopy . ^^^ The Tyr site which exhibits the lower D value and has the red shifted phosphorescence origin is quenched by energy transfer to Trp and has D and E values comparable to previously studied Tyr residues . ^^^ The blue shifted Tyr site , which is not quenched by Trp , exhibits a larger D value that has been found previously . ^^^ Calculation of energy transfer efficiencies of Tyr Trp pairs based on the crystal structure of the native enzyme provides a possible assignment of Tyr sites to the two different spectral types . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An investigation of spectral and kinetic properties of individual Trp residues was facilitated by measurements on point mutated proteins containing two Trp Tyr substitutions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , the conservative mutations Phe 42 Tyr and Phe 42 Trp did not cause significant reductions in bioactivity . ^^^ Phe 44 Ala , Cys 105 Ala , and Trp 121 Tyr also exhibited reduced bioactivity , but these mutants are conformationally perturbed relative to wild type . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Intracellular protein degradation in perfused livers of fed rats has been shown to be directly regulated by 7 amino acids ( Leu , Tyr , Gln , Pro , Met , His , and Trp ) and co regulated by alanine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It would seem from these results that O 3 can damage proteins via the oxidation of any of the following : tryptophan ( Trp ) , methionine ( Met ) , tyrosine ( Tyr ) , or histidine ( His ) residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The structure conformation relationships of a series of angiotensinogen 6 13 ( ANG 6 13 , His Pro Phe His Leu Val Ile His ) congeners substituted by Nin For Trp ( Ftr ) , D Ftr or Trp at the N terminus , Tyr at the C terminus and Phe psi [ CH2NH ] Phe at the P 1 P ' 1 cleavage site ( i . e . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , four anticodonic assignments , i . e . those for Trp , Tyr , Ile and the XGA anticodons for Ser , did not correlate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In 11 children affected by minimal change nephropathy ( MCN ) we determined the electrical charge and the fluorescence quantum yield of Tyrosine ( Tyr ) and Tryptophan ( Trp ) ( taken as index of conformation ) of serum and urinary albumin before and after steroid induced remission of proteinuria . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previous studies with livers from fed rats perfused in the single pass mode have shown that regulatory amino acids ( Leu , Tyr , Gln , Pro , Met , His , and Trp ) as a group as well as leucine alone inhibit deprivation induced protein degradation optimally at 0 . 5 and 4 times ( 10 ) normal plasma amino acid concentrations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Conversion of Trp 62 of hen egg white lysozyme to Tyr by site directed mutagenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Type 2 substrates ( such as beta lactoglobulin or pepsinogen , that have a Leu residue at the NH 2 terminus ) are not affected by the above compounds , but are specifically inhibited by derivatives of bulky hydrophobic amino acids ( Leu , Trp , Phe , and Tyr ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ranks of activity of the amides on isolated amastigotes were Trp greater than Leu greater than Phe greater than Met greater than Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The enzyme preferentially released NH 2 terminal amino acid residues with large hydrophobic ( Phe , Trp , Leu , and Tyr ) or basic ( Arg and Lys ) side chains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The intramolecular distance between Tyr and Trp was 11 . 6 A . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The binding of Ca2+ to rat or bovine S 100 proteins , in the absence of ligands , showed a dissociation constant ( in 60 mM K+ ) of 0 . 5 to 1 . 0 mM as measured by the effects of Ca2+ on binding of S 100 to phenyl Sepharose , reactivity of sulfhydryl groups , and difference spectra for PHE , TYR , and TRP residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The side chains of aromatic residues , Trp , Tyr , and His , and of ionic residues , especially Arg , Lys , and Glu , are suggested to be important in the antigen antibody interaction . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In previous papers we reported a deficit of tyrosine ( TYR ) and tryptophan ( TRP ) transport across the erythrocyte membrane in depressed patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Amino acid analyses of ozone exposed inhibitors showed destruction of Trp , Met , Tyr , and His with as little as 10 mol O3 / mol protein , and higher levels of O 3 resulted in more extensive oxidation of susceptible residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The platinum ( 2 ) complexes of 2 , 2 ' bipyridine with glycine ( Gly ) , L alanine ( Ala ) , L leucine ( leu ) , L valine ( Val ) , L methionine ( Met ) , L phenylalanine ( Phe ) , L serine ( Ser ) , L tyrosine ( Tyr ) and L tryptophan ( Trp ) have been tested for mutagenesis using TA 100 and TA 98 strains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One faster system allows measurement of the main biogenic amines , metabolites and TRP , whereas another system allows the simultaneous quantitation of DOPA , 5HTP , NA , MOPEG , NMN , A , MN , VMA , DA , 3MT , DOPAC , HVA , 5HT , 5HIAA and TYR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surprisingly , cells producing any of 14 of the mutant beta lactamases displayed appreciable resistance to ampicillin ; only cells with mutants having Tyr , Trp , Asp , Lys , or Arg at residue 71 had no observable resistance to ampicillin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A series of N terminal phosphonate derivatives , H2O3PCHPhNHR ( R = Leu , Phe , Trp , and / or Tyr ) , were synthesized with the aim of mimicking phosphoramidon , a potent inhibitor of enkephalinase , while avoiding the lability of the scissile P N bond . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Incubation of LDL with intact granules ( both enzymes active ) led to the formation of numerous low molecular weight peptides and the liberation of free amino acids , most of which ( 95 % ) were aromatic ( Phe , Tyr , Trp ) or branched chain aliphatic ( Leu , Ile , Val ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Qualitative amino acid analysis of trypsin treated sacculi , a tryptic product of holo nitrate reductase , and amino and carboxypeptidase digests of both nitrate reductase subunits indicated the possible existence of a terminal anchoring peptide containing the following amino acids : ( Gly ) n , Trp , Ser , Pro , Ile , Leu , Phe , Cys , Tyr , Asp , and Lys . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ratios of Trp ( Trp / Tyr + Phe + Ile + Leu + Val ) , Tyr , Phe , and Val increased after glucose loading in all subjects , except Tyr in normal controls , which slightly decreased . ^^^ On the other hand , Ile and Leu ratios decreased ( Trp ; tryptophan , Tyr ; tyrosine , Phe ; phenylalanine , Ile ; isoleucine , Leu ; leucine , Val ; valine ) . ^^^ LC showed a characteristic pattern ; the ratios of Trp and Tyr were highest among all diseases at 3 hours after glucose loading , and those of Ile , Leu and Val were lowest . ^^^ In LC , delta Trp ratio and delta Tyr ratio were highest , while delta Val ratio was lowest . ^^^ From these results , the uptake of Trp and Tyr might be supposed to be highest and that of Val was lowest in LC , after glucose loading . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma concentrations of alanine ( Ala ) , aspartic acid ( Asp ) , asparagine ( Asn ) , arginine ( Arg ) , histidine ( His ) , isoleucine ( Ile ) , leucine ( Leu ) , lysine ( Lys ) , methionine ( Met ) , phenylalanine ( Phe ) , proline ( Pro ) , serine ( Ser ) , threonine ( Thr ) , and valine ( Val ) were significantly lower , whereas glutamate ( Glu ) , glycine ( Gly ) , ornithine ( Orn ) , tryptophan ( Trp ) , tyrosine ( Tyr ) , creatinine , urea , and ammonia levels were unchanged , after one hour of treadmill running in the trained rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the growth studies , weight gain was reduced 92 , 79 , 53 , 50 , 47 , 31 , 29 , 15 , 9 , 4 and 0 % by additions of 4 % Met , Phe , Trp , His , Lys , Tyr , Thr , Ile , Arg , Val and Leu , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Little or no inhibition was obtained with the N ( 2 hydroxy 2 , 2 diphenylacetyl derivatives HOC ( C6H5 ) 2CONHR ( R = Leu , Phe , Trp , or Tyr ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The highly conserved residues Phe 41 , Trp 42 and Tyr 45 , which form a hydrophobic cluster on the first helix , interact around a crystallographic two fold axis with the equivalent residues in another molecule to form a dimer in the crystal . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosine ( TYR ) levels were not changed , but tryptophan ( TRP ) was significantly increased by 20 % at 30 mg / kg of the compound . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Finally , 280 nm absorption coefficients , A 1 % , 1 cm 280 , of 5 27 are found to be well predicted by the Wetlaufer procedure based on the totals of Trp , Tyr and Cys residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Raman spectra of oxy and deoxyhemoglobin obtained with 218 and 200 nm pulsed ( 7 ns ) laser excitation show changes ( loss of 880 cm 1 tryptophan band intensity , increase in the 830 / 850 cm 1 tyrosine doublet intensity ratio ) which are attributed to the aromatic contacts ( Trp beta 37 Tyr alpha 140 and Tyr alpha 42 Asp beta 99 ) that are specific to the T quaternary structure . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The conformational behavior of CCK 7 , Tyr Met Gly Trp Met Asp Phe NH 2 , and CCK 8 , Asp Tyr Met Gly Trp Met Asp Phe NH 2 , in their sulfated and unsulfated forms , was studied both by 1H NMR spectroscopy in dimethyl d 6 sulfoxide and water and by fluorescence transfer measurements at pH 7 . ^^^ The low quantum yield of Tyr and the large mean distance ( R = 15 A ) between Tyr and Trp , determined by fluorescence transfer measurements , support the occurrence of folded conformations pushing the aromatic rings far from each other . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma ratios of tryptophan ( Trp ) and tyrosine ( Tyr ) to their respective competing large neutral amino acids ( LNAA ) for brain uptake , serum insulin and plasma glucose concentrations were determined in 31 fasting healthy female subjects , and in two smaller groups of smokers and oral contraceptive users , who were subsequently allowed to compose individual breakfast meals from a selection of 25 dietary products . ^^^ The ratio of carbohydrate / protein eaten was significantly and directly correlated with age and with the sum of plasma ratios Trp / LNAA and Tyr / LNAA , and these independent variables associated with 37 % of the variance in the ratio carbohydrate / protein consumed , as evaluated by multiple regression analysis . ^^^ After the meal , the plasma ratio Tyr / LNAA was increased , whereas the ratio Trp / LNAA was decreased in subjects whose ratio carbohydrate / protein consumed was below the mean of the full sample , whereas subjects who consumed meals with a high ratio carbohydrate / protein showed an increase in plasma ratio Trp / LNAA . ^^^ The changes in the plasma ratios Trp / LNAA and Tyr / LNAA after consumption were generally moderate . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ED 50 ( concentration for half maximal effect ) for methyl esters was ( in mM ) : Leu ( 0 . 62 ) , Trp ( 0 . 96 ) , Met ( 1 . 13 ) , Glu ( 2 . 0 ) , Phe ( 2 . 5 ) , and Tyr ( 3 . 8 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The amino acid composition of IgA affinity purified jacalin ( mol / 405 mol amino acids ) is Lys ( 24 ) , His ( 5 ) , Arg ( 4 ) , Trp ( 6 ) , Asx ( 36 ) , Thr ( 35 ) , Ser ( 48 ) , Glx ( 31 ) , Pro ( 18 ) , Gly ( 53 ) , Ala ( 13 ) , Val ( 25 ) , Met ( 3 ) , Ile ( 23 ) , Leu ( 25 ) , Tyr ( 30 ) , Phe ( 26 ) , which corresponds to a molecular weight of 44 . 163 kDa . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Met ( S therefore Br ) Trp ( indolyl ) Tyr ( phenoxyl ) , has been demonstrated by pulse radiolysis of N2O saturated aqueous solutions containing Br , Met Gly and Trp ( Gly ) 2 Tyr at pH 6 . 7 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Energy transfer between Trp and Tyr observed in aqueous solution was decreased by the addition of lipid or detergent . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mice received an intravenous pulse injection of [ 3H ] tryptophan ( TRP ) and [ 3H ] tyrosine ( TYR ) at 2 . 5 , 5 , 10 or 20 min before sacrifice by microwave irradiation . ^^^ Programmed collection of the TYR , DA , 5 HT and TRP peaks allowed determination of their radioactivity by liquid scintillation . ^^^ Conversion of [ 3H ] TYR to [ 3H ] DA was nearly ten times greater in striatum than cortex , whereas the formation of [ 3H ] 5 HT from [ 3H ] TRP was similar in striatum , cortex and hippocampus . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DOPA , TYR , NE , MHPG , DOPAC , 5 HIAA , TRP , DA , HVA , 3 MT and 5 HT were detected in the caudate nucleus and putamen . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lys , Arg , Tyr , and Trp residues tend to concentrate near the water protein interface where their apolar side chain components are more buried than their polar side chain components . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The UV and visible absorption spectra of both lumazine proteins denatured in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride can be accurately modeled by using the number of equivalents of the lumazine derivative and blocked aromatic amino acid model compounds determined by chemical and spectrophotometric analyses for Trp , Tyr , and Phe . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The enzyme has a significant preference for substrates with a P 1 Phe over those with the other aromatic amino acids Tyr and Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The value , t Trp / BCAA + AAA , i . e . total Trp concentration ( mmol / l ) / concentration ( mmol / l ) of branched chain amino acids ( BCAA , Ile + Leu + Val ) plus aromatic amino acids ( AAA , Tyr + Phe ) , which is known to correlate with the brain Trp concentration of rats ( Fernstrom , J . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Arginine ( Arg ) , lysine ( Lys ) , tyrosine ( Tyr ) and tryptophan ( Trp ) were modified to estimate the amino acid residues participating in the formation of an ion pair with HABA . ^^^ The modification of Lys , Tyr and Trp residues caused no decrease in binding to either form . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reaction of the toxin with N bromosuccimide abolished the enzyme activity , with modification of Trp , Tyr and His residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gln 150 forms a bridge between Tyr 36 and Trp 131 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Frameshift mutations resulting in the changes of the same amino acid residue ( 140 ) in T 4 bacteriophage lysozyme and in vivo codons for Trp , Tyr , Met , Val and Ile . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Molecular models indicate that one side of the molecule bearing tyr ( 7 ) , trp ( 8 ) , pro ( 25 ) , glu ( 20 ) and lys ( 20 ) is very similar in its three dimensional structure to that part of the molecule of variant 3 toxin from Centruroides sculpturatus as revealed by 10 ray crystallography , bearing tyr ( 4 ) , trp ( 47 ) , gly ( 3 ) , glu ( 2 ) and lys ( 1 ) , all of which are invariant or allow only very conservative substitutions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The light subunit , which may be formed from a precursor protein , has a significantly lower content of Trp , Phe , Tyr , Val , and Ala residues than the heavy subunit , while its content of Lys , His , Met , and Asx residues is higher . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The sequence for SST 22 obtained by automated Edman degradation is Asp 10 Asn 10 Thr 10 Val 10 Thr 10 Ser 10 Lys 10 Pro 10 Leu 10 Asn 10 Cys 10 Met 10 Asn 10 Tyr 10 Phe 10 Trp 10 Lys 10 Ser 10 Arg 10 Thr 10 Ala 10 Cys . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At alkaline pH transfer from Trp to Tyr O was 25 % efficient which indicates that the closest accepting tyrosine is approx . 10 A away ( the closest fluorescent tyrosine is over 20 A away ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The sequence obtained in this study is : Ile Gln Lys Thr Pro Gln Ile Gln Val Tyr Ser Arg His Pro Pro Glu Asn Gly Lys Pro Asn Ile Leu Asn Cys Tyr Val Thr Gln Phe His Pro Pro His Ile Glu Ile Gln Met Leu Lys Asn Gly Lys Lys Ile Pro Lys Val Glu Met Ser Asp Met Ser Phe Ser Lys Asp Trp Ser Phe Tyr Ile Leu Ala His Thr Glu Phe Thr Pro Thr Glu Thr Asp Thr Tyr Ala Cys Arg Val Lys His Ala / Asp Ser Met Ala Glu Pro Lys Thr Val Tyr Trp Asp Arg Asp Met . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The change in excitation wavelength made obvious the existence of a Tyr to Trp energy transfer mechanism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Similar serotonin binding sites were found to exist on LHRH ( Tyr Ser Trp ) and MSH ACTH tetrapeptide ( Phe Arg Trp ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This , apparently , indicates the interaction between epsilon A and Trp and / or Tyr and / or Met residues of phage protein . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Exposure of aromatic residues , Tyr 7 , Tyr 75 , Tyr 93 , His 43 , His 106 , and Trp 8 , was studied by laser induced photo CIDNP in the 1H NMR spectrum of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor at 360 MHz . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Photoreactive peptide derivatives for the labelling of hormone receptors are usually prepared by inserting a chemically stable aryl azide or nitroaryl azide into a specific site of the molecule , such as an alpha or omega amino or carboxyl group , or into the side chain of an Arg , Cys , His , Trp or Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It was found that the position of the longest wavelength minimum of the fourth derivative spectrum is mainly determined by the nature of the Trp environment , with a minor contribution from that of Tyr . ^^^ A geometrical parameter is also defined , which depends on both Trp and Tyr environments . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The trifunctionnal amino acids were protected as follows : Tyr as the 2 , 6 dichlorobenzyl ether , Glu as benzyl ester , Lys by the benzyloxycarbonyl group , Arg by the tosyl group , and Trp by the formyl group . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Based on reiteration of coinciding double and triple mutant markers , we proposed a linkage group of genes within a segment of Y . pestis chromosome : lys . . . tyr ser arg ilv leu gua ade ( pur ) pro . . . his . . . pyr . . . trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although many of these insertions were `` silent , ' ' many others , including lys , thr , met , tyr , and trp , resulted in auxotrophic mutations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cathepsin L cleaved peptide bonds that have a hydrophobic amino acid , such as Phe , Leu , Val , and Trp or Tyr , in position P 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No revertants of Salmonella were induced by the browned solutions of Trp , Tyr , Asp , Asn , Glu and ( Cys ) 2 with Glc . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Some of the biosynthetic pathways of the amino acids corresponding to ms2i6A containing tRNAs ( phe , tyr , trp , ser , leu , cys ) are known to have altered regulation depending on the state of modification of nucleoside A 37 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Proton difference spectra show that the 1H resonances of at least one Phe , one Trp , and five Tyr residues are involved in the chemical shift changes observed with nucleotide binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The conclusions support and supplement the concept about the presence of a trend in protein molecular evolution from universal ( Gly , Ala ) to specialized ( Phe , Tyr , Trp , Cys ) amino acids . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Spin decoupling and NOE experiments have been carried out on Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase and on selectively deuterated derivatives of the enzyme containing either [ gamma 2H6 ] Val or [ alpha , delta 2 , epsilon 1 2H3 ] His , [ alpha , delta 1 , delta 2 , epsilon 1 , epsilon 2 , zeta 2H6 ] Phe , [ alpha , delta 1 , epsilon 3 , zeta 2 , zeta 3 , eta 2 2H6 ] Trp and [ alpha , epsilon 1 , epsilon 2 2H3 ] Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Amino acid analysis revealed a lower number of the aromatic residues Phe , Tyr , and Trp than in the rabbit muscle enzyme and this is in agreement with the lower extinction coefficient of E 1 % 280 nm = 6 . 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cat decreased ( P less than 0 . 05 ) plasma Gly , Thr , Lys , Pro , Val , Ser , Arg , Leu , Trp , Phe , Asn , Tyr , Met , Ile , Cit , and Asp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At least part of these changes can be attributed to direct effects of urea on the exposed Tyr and Trp residues as shown by experiments with model compounds . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The amino acid composition is ( Pro , Ile ) 1 ; His 1 2 ; ( Thr , Ser , Gly , Met , Tyr ) 2 ; ( Val , Phe , Lys ) 3 ; ( Ala , 1 / 2Cys , Leu , Arg ) 4 ; Glx 5 ; Asx 7 ; Trp , n . d . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The rotamer populations depend significantly on the solvent polarity , similar to those of Phe , Tyr and Trp derivatives . ^^^ For the two beta proton resonances of His , Phe , Tyr , and Trp derivatives in a variety of solvents , linear relationships are found between the differences in chemical shifts and the differences in vicinal coupling constants . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , we conclude that there must be a static quencher such as Trp , Tyr , or Met in the neighborhood of the attached dye and that the contact between dye and quencher is modulated by actin induced or nucleotide induced conformational changes in S 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The rate constant of the one electron oxidation of the tryptophan ( Trp ) or tyrosine ( Tyr ) residues by Br 10 2 radical anions is strongly decreased when the peptides are bound to DNA . ^^^ The pulse radiolysis study suggests that one Trp residue of the protein oxidized by the Br 10 2 radicals reacts with the DNA in the complex while one Tyr residue is buried upon association . ^^^ It is also shown that the exposure of Trp and Tyr residues to radical attack depends on whether the T 4 SSB protein is bound to native or heat denatured DNA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Amino acid analysis of hexokinase type 3 revealed a low number of the aromatic residues Phe , Tyr , and Trp ; this is in agreement with the low extinction coefficient of E 1 % 280nm = 12 . 5 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The altered tRNA molecules include tRNA trp tRNA tyr , tRNA phe and two minor tRNA ser species . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results of both metals interacting with apoenzyme are related to the difference spectra of Pb2+ and Zn2+ with Trp and Tyr model compounds . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The photoexcitation of Trp , Tyr or Phe chromophore in a protein is analogous to the instant ( 10 ( 15 ) to 10 ( 14 ) s ) introduction of a local probe carrying strong electronic and protonic donor and acceptor moieties and , moreover , having a significant dipole moment ( 4 to 11 D ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Additional groups of rats were dosed with 5 , 15 or 50 mg / kg / day acrylamide for 5 days , then sacrificed on day 6 at various time intervals after 4 injections of tritiated tyrosine ( Tyr ) or tryptophan ( Trp ) . ^^^ Brain levels of Tyr , Trp , norepinephrine ( NE ) , dopamine ( DA ) , serotonin ( 5 HT ) , and respective metabolites , 3 methoxy 4 hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol sulfate ( MOPEG sulfate ) , 3 , 4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid ( DOPAC ) , and 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid ( 5 HIAA ) were assayed fluorometrically . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It consists of 56 amino acids with one residue each of Trp , Thr , Val , Tyr , and Phe . ^^^ The amino acid sequence has been determined as follows : H Glu Leu Thr Gly Gln Arg Leu Arg Gln Gly Asp Gly Pro Asn Ala Gly Ala Asp Asp G ly Pro Gly Ala Gln Ala Asp Leu Glu His Ser Leu Leu Val Ala Ala Glu Lys Lys Asp Glu Gly Pro Tyr Arg Met Glu His Phe Arg Trp Gly Ser Pro Pro Lys Asp OH . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our work shows that undermodified tRNAs for phe , tyr and trp can function as positive regulatory elements of the aromatic amino acid transport system in E . coli . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The induced structural changes occurred only around a cysteine residue and Trp and / or Tyr residues , and no significant changes in the secondary structures were observed . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tb3+ luminescence enhancement studies indicate that there are no Trp , Tyr or Phe residues in the vicinity of the high affinity cation site . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Twelve amino acids together exhibited no suppressive activity while the remainder ( Leu , Phe , Tyr , Gln , Pro , His , Trp , and Met ) were inhibitory . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
According to these data the affinity to the single strands is higher than that to the double strands and increases in the series Phe less than Tyr less than Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Trp residues are partly buried and partly exposed and some of the Tyr residues are in ionized state . ^^^ Guanidine below 1 M does not expose the buried Trp residues nor affects significantly the microenvironments of the ionized Tyr residues . ^^^ At 3 M guanidine , Trp residues are exposed and the ionization state of Tyr residues is also affected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have studied the surface exposure of several alpha lactalbumins ( bovine , goat , human , guinea pig , and rabbit ) by the laser photo CIDNP technique , an NMR method which measures the access of a photoexcited flavin dye to surface exposed Tyr , Trp , and His residues . ^^^ The chemical shifts of these Trp residues were extremely similar in all species but rabbit , which has substituted His for a Tyr at position 103 , situated close to both Trp 104 and 60 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is a 75 residue protein ( computed Mr = 8501 ) , contains a single Tyr , and is devoid of Cys , Met , Trp , His , and Arg . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In depressed subjects and normal controls , plasma TRP ( free and total ) , phenylalanine ( PHE ) , tyrosine ( TYR ) , leucine , isoleucine , and valine were measured on three days . ^^^ When depression was most severe , depressed patients had lower TRP / 5aa ratios and total TRP levels and higher PHE and TYR levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast to tyrosine ( Tyr ) , we find that the nuclear polarization of Trp originates in an electron transfer reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The stereoselectively beta deuterated species of Ac Ar NHMe , Ac Ar OH and Ac Ar OEt ( Ar = Tyr and Trp ) and H Trp NHMe were synthesized . 270 MHz 1H n . m . r . spectra of the normal and deuterated species of these aromatic amino acid derivatives were analyzed . ^^^ However , the alternative assignments apply for H Trp NHMe in aqueous solution and for Ac Tyr NHMe and Ac Trp NHMe in nonpolar solvents . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The amino acid composition of the enzyme is 18 Lys , 6 His , 9 Arg , 1 Trp , 6 Cys , 28 Asx , 12 Thr , 16 Ser , 19 Glx , 10 Pro , 23 Gly , 16 Ala , 17 Val , 5 Met , 11 Ile , 19 Leu , 9 Tyr , and 8 Phe . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Amino acid residues are classified into three depending on their polarity , polar ( Arg , Lys , His , Gln , Asn , Asp and Glu ) , weak polar ( Ala , Pro , Gly , Thr and Ser ) and nonpolar ( Cys , Val , Met , Ile , Leu , Phe , Tyr and Trp ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The role of Trp and Tyr residues in determining membrane protein structure is particularly interesting because indole and phenol structures combine hydrophobic and polar groups , and it is hard to predict the exact region of the membrane at which their energy would be at a minimum . ^^^ To determine the depths intrinsically favored by these residues , the locations of membrane associating Trp and Tyr analogs have been determined using a fluorescence quenching technique able to measure depth at high resolution . ^^^ They are found to locate at the same depths as Trp and Tyr in membrane proteins , 14 15 A from the bilayer center , which implies an important role for these residues in aligning membrane proteins in precise relationship to the lipid bilayer . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Peptides containing Tyr and / or Trp at selected positions as fluorescence energy donors were synthesized , and their Tb ( 3+ ) binding capacity was assessed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mouse mastocytoma P 815 expresses tumor antigens P815A and P815B encoded by a single gene called P1A and carried by a single peptide named P1A 35 43 ( NH 2 Leu Pro Tyr Leu Gly Trp Leu Val Phe COOH ) . ^^^ We conclude that Pro 2 , Trp 6 and Phe 9 constitute the anchor residues of P1A 35 43 to H 2Ld , whereas the dipeptidyl sequences Tyr 3 Leu4 and Leu 7 Val8 form the core epitopes recognized by the TcR of anti P815B and anti P815A CTL , respectively . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Amino acid changes in RT from patients harbouring resistant strains of HIV 1 were found in positions 60 ( Val ) , 62 ( Ala ) , 93 ( Gly ) , 100 ( Phe ) , 161 ( Pro ) , 173 ( Asn ) , 177 ( Glu ) , 180 ( Ile ) , 181 ( Tyr ) , 182 ( Leu ) , 186 ( Asp ) , 194 ( Gln ) , 196 ( Glu ) , 200 ( Ile ) , 209 ( Val ) , 210 ( Trp ) , 211 ( Lys ) , and 214 ( Phe ) in addition to those described previously . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Stimulation of melanogenesis by UV light involved an increase in tyrosinase activity , without any change in the amounts of either tyrosinase or tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 , and a decrease in the amount of TRP 2 , as determined by Western blot analysis . ^^^ These results are different from the mechanisms by which other melanogenic agents , such as cholera toxin and isobutyl methylxanthine , stimulated melanogenesis , whereby the amounts of tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 were increased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Despite the conservative nature of the substitutions at 38 beta ( k = Val , u = Leu ) and 61 beta ( k = Trp , u = Tyr ) , transfectants expressing Ak or Au proteins carrying allelic substitutions at 38 beta and / or 61 beta gave dramatically reduced T cell responses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results show that more general approaches to engineering active proteins with fewer Trp residues may give rise to functional mutants without aromatic substitutions , and that aliphatic changes should be considered in cases where engineered changes of Trp to Phe or Tyr do not work . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Under these reaction conditions , no significant side reactions were observed with oxidation sensitive amino acids such as Met , Tyr and Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 230 nm spectra contain information on vibrational modes of the single Trp 59 side chain and the four tyrosine side chains ( Tyr 48 , 67 , 74 , and 97 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we report the solid phase chemical synthesis of an analog of fragment 1 47 bearing a Tyr 3 > Trp exchange ( Y3W analog ) . ^^^ Of interest was that the difference in the free energies of binding to thrombin at 37 degrees C , delta delta Gb , between the Y3W analog and natural species ( 4 . 2 kJ mol 1 ) was that expected for the difference in hydrophobicity between the two polypeptides resulting from the Tyr > Trp exchange . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Four Tyr residues in the VH chain ( HTyr 33 , HTyr 50 , HTyr 53 , and HTyr 58 ) were replaced with Ala , Leu , Phe , or Trp , and the interactions between these mutant Fv fragments and HEL were studied by inhibition assay of the enzymatic activity of HEL and isothermal titration calorimetry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In agreement with previously described peptide binding motifs for DR4Dw4 , most peptides contained an aromatic residue ( Phe , Tyr , Trp ) at relative position 1 and a small hydroxyl containing residue ( Ser , Thr ) at 1 + 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By genetic analysis of gyrA genes in a gyrA temperature sensitive ( Ts ) background , exchange of Ser at the NH 2 terminal 83rd position of GyrA to Trp , Leu , Phe , Tyr , Ala , Val , and Ile caused bacterial resistance to the quinolones , while exchange to Gly , Asn , Lys , Arg and Asp did not confer resistance . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NO ) with biologically relevant tyrosine and tryptophan radicals ( Tyr . and Trp . respectively ) in amino acids , peptides and proteins is of the order of ( 1 2 ) 10 10 ( 9 ) M 1 . s 1 . ^^^ The near diffusion controlled rates of these reactions , coupled with the increasingly recognized role of protein radicals in enzyme catalysis and oxidative damage , suggest that Tyr . and Trp . are likely and important targets for . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
From the magnitude of the Stern Volmer rate constant it is concluded that , among the amino acids , quenching reactions at 20 degrees C are quite effective with His , Tyr , Trp , cysteine , and cystine , with rate enhancements of 20 and 50 times when the side chains of Tyr and His , respectively , are in the ionized form . ^^^ Finally , very short ( microseconds ) phosphorescence lifetimes of Trp residues in proteins were shown to be invariably associated with the presence of Tyr or Cys in the immediate neighborhood of the chromophore . ^^^ From a survey of the amino acids that are nearest neighbors to Trp in proteins and the corresponding value of tau it was established that , in the absence of His , Tyr , Trp , and Cys , tau is > or = 1 ms and appears to reflect mainly the local fluidity of the protein structure . ^^^ Otherwise , tau can be much shorter , and for bulky His , Tyr , and Trp side chains it seems to depend dramatically on the mutual chromophore quencher orientation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Trp and Tyr are involved in the binding with amylase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One protein family has a delta 4 corner formed by a His rather than a Tyr , and several examples use Trp in place of Tyr . ^^^ It seems likely that the more classic Tyr corners ( delta 4 , delta 5 , and delta 3 Tyr , Trp , or His ) contribute to the stability of a Greek key connection over a hairpin connection , and also that they may aid in the process of folding up Greek key structures . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three tripeptides ( Cys Ile Trp , Cys Met Tyr , and Cys Trp Trp ) were also absent from E . coli proteins . ^^^ Furthermore , 15 of the 33 varieties contained such rarely used residues as Tyr , His , Cys , and Trp . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Relative to fully ligated tetramers , Hb ( CN ) 4 , the monoligated hybrids and deoxyHb all show fully developed T / R difference UVRR bands which are associated with T state quaternary contacts across the alpha 1 beta 2 interface , involving the Trp beta 37 and Tyr alpha 42 residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The substitutions at this position that exhibited repressors with the wild type phenotype in vivo were Gly , Ala , Ile , Thr , Met and Cys ; the other 10 substitutions examined ( Leu , Val , Tyr , Trp , Asp , Glu , Gln , His , Lys and Arg ) resulted in the lacI phenotype . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sequence determination of the displayed peptides reveals they lack amino acid sequence similarity yet are highly enriched for the Tyr and Trp residues . ^^^ However , because not all phage that display peptides rich in Tyr and Trp residues bind to plastic , and other methods of screening random peptide libraries have identified different classes of plastic binding peptides , the relative abundance of Tyr and Trp residues should not be considered diagnostic of plastic binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Specifically , all possible pairs from the set Ala , Cys , His , Ile , Leu , Met , Phe , Trp , Tyr , and Val were modeled at spacings of ( 1 , 1 + 2 ) , ( 1 , 1 + 3 ) , and ( 1 , 1 + 4 ) in the central turn of a model poly alanyl alpha helix . ^^^ Significant interactions both stabilizing and destabilizing were found to occur at spacings of ( 1 , 1 + 3 ) and ( 1 , 1 + 4 ) , particularly in side chains with rings ( i . e . , Phe , Tyr , Trp , and His ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both N cap and C cap results for Tyr and Trp are inaccurate because their aromatic groups affect the CD spectrum . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ca2+ and Zn2+ promote also quite similar conformational changes in the Tyr and Trp environment as monitored by difference spectrophotometry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The products of Gly , His , Trp , Tyr , Phe and CySH transformed a plasmid supercoiled DNA ( form 1 ) into an open circular relaxed form ( form 2 ) and a linear form ( form 3 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vertebrate tyrosinases proper first diverged from an ancestral tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) that then subsequently diverged to form tyrosinase related protein 1s ( TRP 1s ) and tyrosinase related protein 2s ( TRP 2s ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The enzyme has a broad acyl donor substrate specificity and can effectively use amino acid esters of Phe , Tyr , Trp , Ser , Gly , and Ala . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Among them , a mutant enzyme having Trp instead of Tyr 188 produced 15 % of gamma CD from soluble starch , which is about twice as much as the amount produced by the wild type enzyme . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To examine the role of noradrenergic , dopaminergic , and serotonergic mechanisms in the pathobiology of obsessive compulsive disorder ( OCD ) and Tourette ' s syndrome ( TS ) , concentrations of tyrosine ( TYR ) , norepinephrine ( NE ) , 3 methoxy 4 hydroxyphenylethylene glycol ( MHPG ) , homovanillic acid ( HVA ) , tryptophan ( TRP ) , and 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid ( 5 HIAA ) were measured in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) of 39 medication free OCD patients , 33 medication free TS patients , and 44 healthy volunteers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Location of the active site of the bean alpha amylase inhibitor and involvement of a Trp , Arg , Tyr triad . ^^^ These findings suggest that the active site of alpha AI consists of W 188 , R 74 and Y 190 , in analogy to the Trp Arg Tyr motif of tendamistat , and that the processing of the polypeptide at Asn 77 may be necessary to bring these residues in close proximity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three mammalian melanocyte proteins known to have isoforms in this molecular mass range are tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 and TRP 2 . ^^^ SL autoantibodies recognize a chicken melanocyte protein that is different from that of tyrosinase or the candidate chicken TRP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In a recent study , we have shown that GroEL interacts preferentially with the side chains of hydrophobic amino acids ( Ile , Phe , Val , Leu , and Trp ) and more weakly with several polar or charged amino acids , including the strongest alpha helix and beta sheet formers ( Glu , Gln , His , Thr , and Tyr ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The pathways of in vitro degradation of the gonadotropin releasing hormone ( GnRH ) analog buserelin [ pGlu His Trp Ser Tyr D Ser ( tBu ) Leu Arg ProNHEt , B 1 9 ] by the rat kidney membrane fraction was investigated using high performance liquid chromatography for the separation of the peptide products and electrospray mass spectrometry for their identification . ^^^ The N terminal peptides B 1 4 , B 1 3 , B 1 2 , C terminal peptides B 3 9 , B 4 9 , B 5 9 , B 6 9 , middle sequence B 3 4 and the amino acids Trp , Ser and Tyr were found to be formed . ^^^ However , due to extreme differences in the stability of the peptides toward the battery of membrane enzymes ( B 1 2 , B 6 9 > > B 1 3 , B 5 9 > > B 1 9 > > B 1 4 > B 4 9 > B 3 9 , B 3 4 ) , the final products of buserelin degradation were B 1 2 , B 1 3 , B 5 9 , and B 6 9 and the amino acids Ser and , corresponding to the formation of B 1 2 and B 6 9 , Trp and Tyr , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
With the exception of the aromatic amino acid ( Phe + Tyr + Trp , 0 . 34 g ) group , all groups significantly decreased food intake by a comparable magnitude ( 32 % ) during the 1st h . ^^^ In this time period , rats given the EAAs , Arg + Met + Val ( 0 . 38 g ) , and Arg + His + Lys ( 0 . 44 g ) mixtures increased their water intake , whereas intake by rats given the Phe + Tyr + Trp + Thr ( 0 . 46 g ) and Ile + Leu + Val ( 0 . 45 g ) mixtures was unchanged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Members of the 14 3 3 protein family have been reported to activate Tyr and Trp hydroxylases , modulate protein kinase C activity , and activate ADP ribosyltransferase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyr 195 therefore was replaced with Phe ( Y195F ) , Trp ( Y195W ) , Leu ( Y195L ) , and Gly ( Y195G ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pepsin immobilized by adsorption onto the solid supports Celite and Chromosorb was employed to perform a study of secondary specificity of the enzyme in organic media through the coupling between Z 10 Phe OH ( 10 = Ala , Asp , Glu , Gly , Phe , Ile , Val , Trp and Tyr ) and Phe OMe . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results of the calculations provide support for the notion that TYR and TRP residues may confer on the CDRs of antibodies an enhanced capacity for binding antigens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In particular , the presence of a methyl group on the beta carbon ( Ile and Val residues ) at position 140 , the absence of an aromatic ring ( Phe , Tyr and Trp residues ) at position 144 and the loss of residues with small side chains ( Gly and Ala ) at position 152 correlated with resistance to myxothiazol . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Changes in the accessibility of aqueous soluble quenchers ( 1 and acrylamide ) to GLUT 1 Trp and Tyr residues suggested that ligand binding causes interfacial fluorophores to move closer to ionic groups in the lipid head group region of the membrane . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This glycoprotein is extremely poor in Cys , Met , Tyr , Phe , Arg , and Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In these mutants , Val 82 was substituted separately by Asn , Glu , Ala , Ser , Asp , and Gln ; Asp 30 was individually substituted by Phe or Trp ; Gly 48 by His , Asp , and Tyr , respectively ; and Lys 45 by Glu . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , the difference spectrum between Hb A and Hb Hirose in the ligated state displayed peaks for RR bands of both Trp and Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mechanism of the interactions of 2 chloro ( epsilon amino Lys 75 ) [ 6 [ 4 ( N , N diethylamino ) phenyl ] 1 , 3 , 5 triazin 4 yl ] calmodulin ( TA calmodulin ) with smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase ( MLCK ) and two 17 residue peptides , Ac R R K W Q K T G H A 5 R A 1 G R L CONH 2 ( Trp peptide ) and Tyr peptide , in which W is replaced by Y , were studied by measurements of equilibrium and transient fluorescence changes in the nanomolar range . ^^^ Equilibrium dissociation constants ( Kd ) for interactions of TA calmodulin and targets determined from these data are Tyr peptide , 4 . 1 nM ; Trp peptide , 0 . 011 nM ; and MLCK , 0 . 23 0 . 51 nM . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Substitution of Trp 174 or Trp 243 by Tyr residue caused a decrease in the specific activity of the enzyme to 49 or 8 % of that of the wild type enzyme , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Substitution of Cys 560 by Phe , Trp , Tyr , and Ser in the first zinc finger of human androgen receptor affects hormonal sensitivity and transcriptional activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The antigen binding fragment analogs labeled with 15N of the main chain amide group of the aromatic residues ( His , Phe , Trp , and Tyr ) were used . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Subtle modifications in the secondary and / or tertiary structures , for example in microenvironments of Tyr and Trp residues , in orientations of lateral side chains were evidenced , and their importance to enzyme specificity is discussed . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the basis of the hypothesis of the brain monoamine metabolism abnormality in manic depressive illness , plasma tryptophan ( TRP ) ratio , an indicator of brain 5HT level , and the ratios of other neutral amino acids ( tyrosine ( TYR ) , valine , isoleucine , leucine , and phenylalanine ) were determined in manic and depressed patients . ^^^ Our results suggest that , in manic depressive illness , there might be abnormalities in the metabolism of neutral amino acids , mainly of TRP and TYR , and that abnormality of TRP might be related to the depressive symptoms , and that plasma TRP and TYR ratios might be important indicators for determining the efficacy of some anti manic and anti depressive drugs . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase production in recombinant E . coli containing trp promoter and ubiquitin sequence . ^^^ We have successfully expressed the active tyrosinase of Streptomyces antibioticus in Escherichia coli under the control of the trp promoter by fusing the sequence to the ORF 438 gene . ^^^ Because our attempt to connect the polycistronic gene of ORF 438 and tyrosinase directly to the trp promoter of E . coli resulted in the expression of functionally inactive tyrosinase , we decided to fuse the COOH terminus of ubiquitin sequence to the NH 2 terminus of ORF 438 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In most vertebrate mitochondrial genomes , the site for initiation of light strand replication , OL , is found within a cluster of five transfer RNA ( tRNA ) genes ( tRNA ( Trp ) , tRNA ( Ala ) , tRNA ( Asn ) , tRNA ( Cys ) , and tRNA ( Tyr ) ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No hydrolysis of FAPHMALVPV derivatives was observed when Met was replaced by Glu , Lys , Ser , Tyr , Ile , and D Met , but cleavage at the same position did occur with Leu or Trp substitutions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The suppressor activities of tRNAs ( Gln ) are compared with those of other known naturally occurring suppressor tRNAs , i . e . , tRNA ( Tyr ) G psi A and tRNA ( Trp ) CmCA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The sequence shows preservation of the UGA selenocysteine codon , putative active site Trp and Glu residues and a Tyr residue that is phosphorylated in the porcine protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Truncation mutants from Leu 447 to the C terminus were expressed in E . coli and these were modified by point mutations of Trp 800 to Gly , Cys , Leu and Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Goldfish tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) : deduced amino acid sequence from cDNA and comments on structural features . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We undertook a detailed comparative analysis of the infrared spectra of wild type ribonuclease T 1 and three mutants : two single mutants , Tyr 45 > Trp ( Y45W ) and Trp 59 > Tyr ( W59Y ) , and a double mutant , Tyr 45 > Trp / Trp 59 > Tyr ( Y45W / W59Y ) . ^^^ All mutations lead to a decrease of the thermal transition temperature , though the mutation Tyr 45 > Trp affects the Tm to a lesser degree than the replacement of Trp 59 by Tyr , both in the single ( W59Y ) and in the double ( Y45W / W59Y ) mutant . ^^^ Practically identical spectra in the amide 1 region were obtained for the double mutant Y45W / W59Y and the single mutant W59Y , demonstrating that it is the change from Trp to Tyr in position 59 ( located at the interface between the alpha helix and a beta strand ) which affects the overall protein conformation . ^^^ The mutation Tyr to Trp in position 45 , on the other hand , has practically no impact on the polypeptide backbone conformation . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to investigate the conformational preferences to elicit tastes , conformational free energy calculations using an empirical potential ( ECEPP / 2 ) and the hydration shell model were carried out on the L aspartyl dipeptide methyl esters , L ( + ) HAsp ( ) L Xaa OMe , in the hydrated state , where Xaa includes sweet ( Phe , Tyr , Met , and Gly ) , bitter ( Ala , Trp , Val , Leu , and Ile ) , and tasteless ( Ser , Thr , and Abu ) residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In comparative studies , it was shown that Thermococcus celer DSM 2476 required 10 amino acids ( Thr , Leu , Ile , Val , Met , Phe , Tyr , Trp , Lys , and Arg ) while Pyrococcus furiosus DSM 3638 required only Ile and Val . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In both phosphatidylinositol anchored cAMP receptor proteins a single Trp residue in one of the binding centers is photoaffinity labeled by 8 N 3 cAMP , whereas two amino acids , Trp and Tyr , are modified after lipolytic removal of the anchor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since there are no other Tyr or Trp residues in the protein , spectral properties can be unambiguously assigned . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Only the binding of Asn , Cys , Gln , Leu , Lys , Met , Nle , Phe , Ser , Trp and Tyr to the surfactants was observed , however , the strength of interaction was fairly low . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results indicate that some residues , particularly Arg , His , Trp and Tyr are substantially more frequent at the binding sites , compared to the number of times these residues are present in proteins generally . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To further assess the role of this amino acid residue in P gp interactions with modulators , the effect of additional mutations ( Ala , Cys , Thr , Asp , Tyr , Trp ) at that site on potencies of CsA , CP 117227 enantiomers , and CP 100356 was evaluated . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have measured the UV resonance Raman ( UVRR ) spectra of human methemoglobin fluoride ( metHbF ) and examined the Raman saturation behavior of the metHbF trytophyl ( Trp ) and tyrosyl ( Tyr ) residues . ^^^ Our high quality UVRR spectra devoid of Raman saturation with 229 and 238 . 3 nm CW laser excitation allow us to determine small changes in Trp and Tyr residue Raman band frequencies and intensities caused by the hemoglobin R T quaternary structural change induced by the allosteric effector inositol hexaphosphate . ^^^ At 238 . 3 nm excitation , we observe a ca . 15 and 8 % intensity increase for the Trp and Tyr bands , respectively , upon the R T transition . ^^^ These intensity alterations result from Trp and Tyr absorption and Raman excitation profile red shifts which correlate with a strong 231 . 5 nm R T absorption spectral change . ^^^ These absorption and Raman excitation profile red shifts and our model compound absorption studies together suggest a T state increase in the hydrogen bond donation of the Trp beta ( 2 ) 37 and Tyr alpha ( 1 ) 42 residues at the alpha 1 beta 2 subunit interface . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The specific content ( nanomoles per milligram of membrane protein ) and yield per liter of the Trp mutant holoenzyme were approximately one third those of the native enzyme , suggesting that heme incorporation was hindered by tryptophan at this position , whereas the specific content and yield per liter of the Tyr mutant were significantly greater than those of the native preparation . ^^^ The stability of the Trp and Tyr mutants , as judged by thermal denaturation studies , was not different from that of the native enzyme . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Preliminary studies on the essential amino acid residues suggest the participation of Arg , Lys and His residues , and discard the requirement of SH , COO , OH , and probably also Tyr and Trp . 6 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , there was no significant change in any amino acid concentration in response to hind paw pinch stimulation , and VS did not significantly affect the concentrations of Tyr , His , Ile , Leu , Met , Trp or Val . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cysteine 763 residue in the C terminal zinc finger region of Escherichia coli UvrA protein was subjected to random mutagenesis , and the results suggested that the UvrA mutants with a small amino acid ( Ser , Ala , or Gly ) substituting for the cysteine 763 were almost as active as the wild type in supporting nucleotide excision repair , but its replacement with a large , bulky amino acid ( Tyr , Trp , or Phe ) rendered the mutants inactive . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Syntheses of peptides of the general formula Z Ala Ala Xaa Yaa Ala Ala OCH 3 , where Xaa = Phe , Tyr , Trp ; Yaa = Leu , Phe , Tyr , Trp , were carried out . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mouse IgG 1 , IgG2a , and IgG2b proteins have been selectively labeled with 13C at the carbonyl carbon of His , Met , Trp or Tyr residue and used to prepare the corresponding Fc fragments by limited proteolysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tryptophan ( TRP ) and tyrosine ( TYR ) , respectively the circulating precursors of the central serotonergic ( 5 HT ) and catecholamine systems , were measured in eight adolescents with impulsive behavior regardless of the exact type of disorder . ^^^ The ratios of TRP and TYR to large neutral amino acids ( LNAA ) , which indicate the availability for the synthesis of neurotransmitters , were calculated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The protein was rich in Thr , Pro , Ser , Gly , and Ala and poor in Tyr , Phe , and Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The partially exposed side chains of Tyr 76 , 94 , and 118 , plus Trp 119 appear to be arranged in a cluster and probably become more exposed due to a conformational change of the protein resulting from light induced chromophore bleaching . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Codon number and chemical complexity indicate that His , Phe , Tyr , Cys and either Lys or Asn were introduced in the second stage , whereas the number of codons alone gives evidence that Trp and Met were introduced in the third stage . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The helix stabilizing tendency of N terminal amino acid in NPY ( 12 36 ) was found to be as follows : Thr > Ser > Gly > Gln > Cys > Asn > Asp > Val > Phe > Glu > Lys > Tyr > Ala = Trp > His > Arg , suggesting the importance of end capping . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The enzyme consists of 109 amino acid residues ( Asp 8 , Asn 6 , Thr 6 , Ser 10 , Glu 3 , Gln 1 , Pro 3 , Gly 9 , Ala 12 , Val 7 , Ile 7 , Leu 7 , Tyr 7 , Phe 4 , His 1 , Arg 10 , Trp 3 and Lys 5 ) and has a molecular weight of 12182 Da . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The entire enzyme assembly was lost by alpha Lys 175 > Phe ( or Trp ) or alpha Thr 176 > Phe ( or Tyr ) mutation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since the Phe > Ser substitution in this mutation is both chemically and structurally significant , three single amino acid substitutions ( Lys , Tyr , and Trp ) were engineered and characterized . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Only the aromatic residues , His , Tyr , Trp and Phe prefer the t conformation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To estimate the role of nonbonded interactions in the folding of the hydrophobic core of a two stranded parallel alpha helical coiled coil , a conformational analysis was carried out for the model fragment : [ formula : see text ] with a 2 fold symmetry axis running between the parallel helices , where 10 denotes nonpolar residues Ala , Leu , Val , Ile , Met , Phe , Tyr , Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Replacement of Tyr in site 4 with Trp does not distort the geometry , although it increases the dye binding affinity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The hydrophilic amino acid Lys was replaced with the hydrophobic amino acids Met , Tyr , Phe , and Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In an attempt to determine the coordination site of the different iron sulfur centers in the amino acid sequence , we have changed the Trp of group 3 to Cys , Ala , Phe , and Tyr and the first Cys residue of groups 2 4 to Ala and Ser . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
H and 13C NMR investigations on cis trans isomerization of proline peptide bonds and conformation of aromatic side chains in H Trp ( Pro ) n Tyr OH peptides . 1H and 13C high resolution nmr spectra of cationic , zwitterionic , and anionic forms of the peptides : H Trp ( Pro ) n Tyr OH , n = 0 5 , and H Trp Pro OCH 3 were obtained in D2O solution . ^^^ Analysis of H alpha ( Pro 1 ) , H alpha ( Trp ) , C gamma ( Pro ) , H epsilon ( Tyr ) , and H delta ( Trp ) resonances provided evidence for the presence of two predominant backbone isomers : the all trans one and another with the Trp Pro peptide bond in cis conformation ; the latter constituted about 0 . 8 molar fraction of the total peptide ( n > 1 ) concentration . ^^^ The highest content of the cis ( Trp Pro ) isomer , 0 . 74 , was found in the anionic form of H Trp Pro Tyr OH ; it decreased in the order of : anion > > zwitterion approximately cation , and with the number of Pro residues to reach the value of 0 . 42 in the cationic form of H Trp ( Pro ) 5 Tyr OH . ^^^ Interpretation of the measured vicinal coupling constants J alpha beta ' and J alpha beta ' ' for C alpha H C beta H 2 proton systems of Trp and Tyr side chains in terms of relative populations of g+ , g , and t staggered rotamers around the chi 1 dihedral angle indicated that in all the peptides studied ( a ) rotation of Trp indole ring in cis ( Trp Pro ) isomers is strongly restricted , and ( b ) rotation of Tyr phenol ring is relatively free . ^^^ The most preferred chi 1 rotamer of Trp ( 0 . 8 0 . 9 molar fraction ) was assigned as the t one on the basis of a large value of the vicinal coupling constant between the high field H beta and carbonyl carbon atoms of Trp , estimated for the cis ( Pro 1 ) form of H Trp Pro Tyr OH from a 1H , 13C correlated spectroscopy 1H detected multiple quantum experiment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine the role of Ser 352 in the allosteric response , the thrA gene was modified by using site directed mutagenesis so that Ser 352 of the wild type AKI HDI was replaced by Ala , Arg , Asn , Gln , Glu , His , Leu , Met , Pro , Thr , Trp , Tyr , or Val . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Aromatic residues ( Tyr , Trp and Phe ) occurred preferentially at the cytoplasmic boundary , with Trp also favored at the extracellular boundary . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A model peptide analog with the sequence , Asp Trp Leu Lys Ala Phe Tyr Asp Lys Val Ala Glu Lys Leu Lys Glu Ala Phe ( 18A ) , possesses the characteristics of a class A amphipathic helix . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Among the P 3 side chains affected by BHT treatment , we note a general trend toward greater hydrophilicity and greater solvent exposure of the aromatic residues Trp and Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A conservative replacement of Trp with Tyr suggests that late lactation protein may represent an unusual member of this protein superfamily . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Peptides of the sequence Ac XKAAAAKAAAAKAAAAK amide , where 10 is Tyr , Trp , or Ala , produce circular dichroism spectra that are typical of the alpha helix ; there are , however , significant differences between the Tyr , Trp , or Ala peptides in the magnitudes of the far ultraviolet bands . ^^^ The N or C terminal position is chosen because helix fraying is greatest at each end and the Tyr or Trp residue should influence the helix content of the peptide least at these positions . ^^^ Amide proton exchange measurements by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicate that the Tyr , Trp , and Ala peptides possess similar amounts of H bonded secondary structure . ^^^ Comparison of the far ultraviolet circular dichroism and absorption spectra of these peptides suggests that the differences in circular dichroism arise in each case from an induced aromatic circular dichroism band , which is positive for Tyr and negative for Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
With the aim of identifying predictors of treatment response , plasma levels of tryptophan ( Trp ) and tyrosine ( Tyr ) pretreatment and during treatment , and their ratios in plasma to the sum of the other large neutral amino acids ( LNAA ) , were determined in 26 inpatients with major depression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An investigation of the affinity characteristics of 40 peptides to the AHC precolumn showed that among eleven peptides having Tyr or Phe at their C termini and more than five amino acid residues , ten were retained almost quantitatively on the precolumn , and two peptides having Trp at their C termini were less retained . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The light scattering decrease in 4 M urea parallels the time course of Trp exposure but occurs more rapidly than changes in secondary structure and Tyr exposure . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutation analysis revealed that the Phe residue is absolutely critical for the binding , since changes to Ala , Tyr , or Trp abrogated the interaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cation pi interactions in chemistry and biology : a new view of benzene , Phe , Tyr , and Trp . ^^^ In this context , the amino acids phenylalanine ( Phe ) , tyrosine ( Tyr ) , and tryptophan ( Trp ) can be viewed as polar , yet hydrophobic , residues . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There are positive correlations between silent site G + C and the proportions of codons for Arg , Pro , Ala , Trp , His , Gln , and Leu and negative ones for Tyr , Phe , Asn , Ile , Lys , Asp , Thr , and Glu . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Side chain protecting groups were : Tos for Arg , Bzl for Thr and Ser , cHx for Asp and Glu , Bzl ( Cl 2 ) for Tyr , For for Trp , Z ( Cl ) for Lys . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Environmental changes in Trp and Tyr residues give rise to the difference features , which are similar to those observed in the difference spectrum between deoxyHb and the CO adduct , consistent with T state formation in metHbF in the presence of IHP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Irreversible binding and toxicity were affected significantly by hydrophilic , aliphatic , and smaller side chain residues such as Cys , Val , Leu , and Ser but not by Tyr or Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD investigations on conformation of H 10 ( Pro ) n Y OH peptides ( 10 = Trp , Tyr ; Y = Tyr , Met ) ; models for intramolecular long range electron transfer . ^^^ Conformations of three series of peptides : H Trp ( Pro ) n Tyr OH ( n = 1 5 ) , H Trp ( Pro ) n Met OH ( n = 1 3 ) and H Tyr ( Pro ) n Met OH ( n = 1 3 ) , used as models in studies on long range electron transfer through protein matrix , were investigated by CD spectroscopy in aqueous solution at pH 5 . 2 in the temperature range of 10 degrees C 90 degrees C . ^^^ In interpretation of the spectra the cis < > trans equilibrium about 10 Pro bonds was taken into account and CD spectra of Trp Pro and Tyr Pro chromophores in trans and cis configuration of the peptide bond were evaluated . ^^^ H Trp ( Pro ) 2 Tyr OH does not form this conformation due to sterical interaction between the two bulky aromatic side chains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When combined with 13C chemical shift information , these patterns allow identification of the following spin system types : Gly , Ala , Thr , Val , Leu , Ile , Lys , Arg , Pro , long type ( i . e . , Gln , Glu and Met ) , Ser , and AMX type ( i . e . , Asp , Asn , Cys , His , Phe , Trp and Tyr ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When transformed with a recombinant vector carrying the ubiC gene ( encoding chorismate pyruvate lyase , EC 4 . 1 . 3 . 27 ) the triple mutant ( Phe , Trp , Tyr ) Klebsiella pneumoniae 62 1 excretes 4 hydroxybenzoic acid instead of chorismic acid . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Only the binding of Arg , Glu , Gly , Leu , Lys , Met , Nle , Phe Trp , Tyr and Val to the surfactant was observed , however , the strength of interaction was fairly low . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , after sequencing of individual clones , we found multiple mutations in 5 tumors involving codons 73 ( GCC to ACC , Ala to Thr ) , 76 ( GCC to GTC , Ala to Val ) , 85 ( GCT to ACT , Ala to Thr ) , 98 ( CAC to TAC , His to Tyr ) , 102 ( GCG to GTG , Ala to Val ) , 106 ( GTG to ATG , Val to Met ) , 107 ( CGC to TGC , Arg to Cys ) , 127 ( GCA to GTA , Ala to Val ) , 128 ( CGG to TGG , Arg to Trp ) and 136 ( GGC to GAC , Gly to Asp ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The absorbance of a protein at 280 nm depends on the content of Trp , Tyr , and cystine ( disulfide bonds ) . ^^^ Based on a sample of 116 measured epsilon values for 80 proteins , the epsilon at 280 nm of a folded protein in water , epsilon ( 280 ) , can best be predicted with this equation : epsilon ( 280 ) ( M 1 cm 1 ) = ( # Trp ) ( 5 , 500 ) + ( # Tyr ) ( 1 , 490 ) + ( # cystine ) ( 125 ) These epsilon ( 280 ) values are quite reliable for proteins containing Trp residues , and less reliable for proteins that do not . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Some of these differences may be due to effects of aromatic amino acid side chains , especially Trp and Tyr , located at the immunoglobulin intradomain surfaces . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Selective detection in RP HPLC of Tyr , Trp , and sulfur containing peptides by pulsed amperometry at platinum . ^^^ A technique for electrochemical detection of Trp , Tyr , and sulfur containing peptides , using a two step potential waveform at a platinum wall jet electrode , has been developed . ^^^ At approximately +1 . 2 5 ( first potential ) versus Ag / AgCl , Trp , Tyr , and Cys containing peptides are predominantly detected , while at +1 . 4 1 . 6 5 , Met and ( Cys ) 2 containing peptides are additionally detected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since both Trp residues are located in the N terminal A helix and the modified Tyr residue is located in the C terminal H helix , these measurements give information about this helix helix distance . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In depressive disorders an association between basal pre treatment plasma ratios of tryptophan ( Trp ) and tyrosine ( Tyr ) to other large neutral amino acids ( LNAA ) and the clinical efficacy of serotonergic acting drugs have been established . ^^^ Plasma Trp / LNAA and Tyr / LNAA were found to be lower than in normal weight controls and were further reduced during treatment ( p < 0 . 05 ) , but without differences between dF and PL groups . ^^^ Pre treatment plasma Trp / LNAA or Tyr / LNAA and weight loss were not correlated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We previously reported that DnaK interacts with the hydrophobic amino acids Ile , Leu , Val , Ala , Phe , Trp , and Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ability to activate Rubisco was less severely inhibited when Trp was replaced by a Tyr or Phe than by an Ala or Cys , indicating that an aromatic residue at position 16 and particularly a Trp is required for proper activation of Rubisco . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two other tyrosinase related proteins ( TRP ) are known , TRP 1 ( probably DHICAoxidase ) and TRP 2 ( DOPAchrome tautomerase ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
First , a pronounced division of the amino acids into two classes is displayed : Lys , Glu , Arg , Gln , Asp , Asn , Pro , Gly , Thr , Ser and His on the one hand , and Ile , Val , Leu , Phe , Met , Tyr , Trp , Cys and Ala on the other . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We studied intracytoplasmic RC only membranes containing Rhodobacter sphaeroides wild type RCs and RCs bearing mutations in the vicinity of P , where Tyr M 210 was modified to His , Leu , and Trp and where Phe L 181 was modified to Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For example , it has been shown that formation of ( HO ) 2IndCOOH from dopachrome is catalyzed by dopachrome tautomerase , that the melanogenic protein tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 can oxidize ( HO ) 2IndCOOH to its indole quinone , that ( HO ) 2IndCOOH melanins can be synthesized chemically , that mammalian melanins are naturally rich in ( HO ) 2IndCOOH subunits , and that ( HO ) 2IndCOOH is incorporated into melanins of melanomas in mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During exposure to ozone , the methionine and aromatic amino acid residues of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and bovine serum albumin ( BSA ) are oxidized rapidly in the order Met > Trp > Tyr approximately His > Phe . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phe 135 was changed by means of site directed mutagenesis to the amino acids Tyr ( F135Y ) , Ile ( F135I ) , Trp ( F135W ) , and His ( F135H ) , and the altered proteins were purified to homogeneity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ten different types of mutations were identified in the MEN 2A / FMTC families ( 620 Cys > Arg , 618 Cys > Ser , Gly , 611 Cys > Tyr ; 634 Cys > Arg , Tyr , Trp , Phe , Ser , Gly ) and all 6 MEN 2B families had a 918 Met > Thr point mutation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
His 180 forms a strong aromatic interaction with Trp 211 , Tyr 80 , and Tyr 123 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Tyr 60A Thr 60I insertion loop of thrombin makes a weak aromatic stacking interaction with the 5 Tyr of CtA through Trp 60D . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We studied the susceptibility of the pyrrolidone moiety and the pyroglutamyl peptide bond at pGlu 10 Ala Phe OH ( 10 = Gly , Ala , Tyr , Ile , Pro , His , Lys , Arg , Thr , Ser , Asp , Glu and Trp ) to 1 N HCl or 2 M trifluoromethanesulfonic acid at 60 degrees C . ^^^ The rank order of the susceptibility rates of the cleavage reactions was Ser > Pro , Gly > Arg , Ala , Glu , Thr , Asp > His , Lys > Trp , Tyr , Ile , and that of the ring opening reaction was Ile > Tyr , Trp > Arg , His , Lys , Asp > Glu > Ala > Pro , Gly > Ser > Thr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The catecholamines dopamine ( DA ) , noradrenaline ( NA ) and adrenaline ( A ) , their aminoacid precursors tyrosine ( Tyr ) , L 3 , 4 dihydroxyphenylalanine ( L DOPA ) , two of their metabolites 3 , 4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid ( DOPAC ) and 4 hydroxy 3 methoxy phenyl glycol ( MHPG ) , serotonin ( 5 HT ) and its precursor tryptophan ( Trp ) , were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) with electrochemical detection in seven regions ( globus pallidus , putamen , nucleus amygdalae , nucleus caudatus , substantia nigra , gyrus cinguli and raphe ) of postmortem brains from eight histologically verified cases with Alzheimer ' s disease ( AD ) and six histologically normal controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Intra / extracellular ratios are calculated for the residue types Asn , Asp , Gly , Phe , Pro , Trp , Tyr , and Val , preferably found on the extracellular side , and for Ala , Arg , Cys , and Lys , mostly occurring on the intracellular side . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No side reactions were observed with nucleophilic amino acids such as Met , His , or Tyr , except for Trp , under the reaction conditions of the silylchloride sulfoxide treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results confirmed previous findings that Tyr and Phe at P 2 as well as Phe , Trp , Ile , and Leu at the C terminus were main anchor residues for HLA A * 2402 . ^^^ Tyr at P 2 was a stronger anchor residue than Phe , while bulky aromatic hydrophobic residues Phe and Trp at the C terminus are stronger anchors than aliphatic hydrophobic residues Ile and Leu . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Amino acids Tyr H 50 , Tyr H 52 , and Trp H 95 of the receptor appeared to be of crucial importance for binding of various antigens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A maximum gain in binding energy ( approximately 55 kcal / mol ) is observed when Phe or Tyr are present in positions P 1 and P 1 ' , Glu in position P 2 ' and aromatic residues ( Phe , Trp or Tyr ) in positions P 3 and P 3 ' , while , in general , the presence of positively charged residues is destabilizing . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Site directed mutagenesis was used to generate variant enzymes having Phe , Trp , Ala , Ser , Asp or Lys instead of Tyr 115 . ^^^ The activity of the variant enzymes having Trp , Ala or Ser instead of Tyr 115 was reduced significantly , particularly when poly ( rA ) 484 was used as template . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have suggested , based upon both genetic and biochemical evidence , that three key melanogenic proteins tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , and TRP 2 , encoded at the albino ( C ) , brown ( B ) , and slaty ( Slt ) loci , respectively form a high molecular weight `` melanogenic complex ' ' within the melanosome . ^^^ High molecular weight forms of tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 , are absent from eumelanic ocular tissues of p ( un ) / p ( un ) mice that fail to produce normal P locus transcript , even though these mice are genetically normal at the loci that regulate production of the three melanogenic proteins . ^^^ We show here that the yellow skins of mice mutant at the agouti or extension loci , as well as the nonyellow skins of pinkeyed unstable ( p ( un ) / p ( un ) ) mice , demonstrate greatly diminished levels of tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 , and an absence or markedly decreased proportion of high molecular weight forms of melanogenic proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The spectra show that , in partially unfolded bO in SDS , the Tyr and Trp absorbance is blue shifted . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It has been suggested that photodynamically generated singlet oxygen interacts with photo oxidizable amino acid residues such as His , Cys , Trp and Tyr in one protein molecule to generate reactive species , which in turn interact non photochemically with residues of these types or with free amino groups in another protein molecule to form a crosslink . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Trp , Leu , and Tyr were highly functional substitutions for the Phe residue at position 45 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The pKa values of the internal aldimines of the mutants , Cys 191 > Ser , Phe , Tyr , and Trp are higher than that of wild type by 0 . 6 0 . 8 pH units . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It does not contain Phe , Trp , Tyr , His , Pro , and Cys . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
After excitation at 259 nm , human PV , which contains neither Tyr nor Trp , shows maximal fluorescence emission at 283 nm . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transformation of this mutant ( Phe Trp Tyr ) with plasmids carrying genes involved in chorismic and isochorismic acid metabolism leads to the production of either ( + ) trans ( 2S , 3S ) 2 , 3 dihydroxycyclohexa 4 , 6 dienecarboxylic acid or ( ) trans ( 3R , 4R ) 3 , 4 dihydroxycyclohexa 1 , 5 dienecarboxylic acid , with a yield of 70 or 90 mg ( 1 culture broth ) 1 , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Intrinsic fluorescence studies of the chaperonin GroEL containing single Tyr > Trp replacements reveal ligand induced conformational changes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Eumelanogenesis of human skin melanocytes requires at least three enzymes : tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 . ^^^ Melanocytes cultured in phorbolester containing F 10 medium featured transcripts of tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 in the ratio 45 : 45 : 10 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Upon photoconversion from rhodopsin to acid metarhodopsin , Trp and Tyr Raman bands decrease in intensity and concomitantly a Trp band shifts in frequency . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
N Terminal sites of hydrophobic amino acid residues ( Leu , Ile , Phe , Tyr , and Trp ) of the peptide substrates were cleaved by AP 1 and by AP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the deletion assay , a semipurified basal diet containing 13 . 5 % CP provided solely by MBM was supplemented with L Thr , L Val , DL Met , L Leu , L Ile , L Phe , L Tyr , L Lys HCl , L His , and L Trp to fulfill the Illinois Ideal Protein or AA pattern on a digestible basis . ^^^ The results of the deletion assay showed that deletion of Trp , Thr , Phe + Tyr , Ile , Met , Lys , Val , or His significantly depressed growth performance . ^^^ The results of the combined addition and deletion experiments indicated that the order of AA limitation in MBM was 1 ) Trp and sulfur AA , 2 ) Thr , 3 ) Ile and Phe + Tyr , 4 ) Met , 5 ) Lys , and 6 ) Val and His . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We mutated residues Asp 70 , Trp 82 , Trp 231 , Glu 197 , and Tyr 332 and expressed mutant enzymes in mammalian cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bovine chymotrypsin A alpha ( Tyr , Pro , Trp ) , porcine pancreatic elastase ( Leu / Ala , Arg , Ala ) , subtilisin Carlsberg ( Cys , Pro , Glu ) , Streptomyces griseus proteinase A ( Cys , Pro , Leu ) and B ( Cys , Pro , Lys ) and human leukocyte elastase ( Ile , Asp , Ile ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To elucidate the contribution of the two phenylalanine residues of NMU 8 to the biological activity , fourteen d NMU 8 analogs modified either at position 2 or 4 , [ X 2 ] or [ Y 4 ] d NMU 8 , were synthesized , where 10 and Y were Ala , Tyr , Trp , Thr , Glu , His or cyclohexylalanine ( Cha ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The protein was designed to have four helices : a Trp containing short hydrophobic helix in the middle surrounded by three Tyr containing long basic amphiphilic helices . ^^^ Dye binding studies and fluorescence energy transfer experiments showed that SGP possesses a hydrophobic binding site and its Trp of the central helix is present at a relatively hydrophobic region and accepts the energy from Tyr ( s ) in other amphiphilic helices , indicating that SGP takes a stable globular like structure in aqueous solution . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reconstitution of R 2 protein Y122F , lacking the internal pathway involving Tyr 122 , earlier identified two radical intermediates at Trp 107 and Trp 111 in the vicinity of the di iron site , suggesting a novel internal transfer pathway ( Sahlin , M . , Lassmann , G . , Ptsch , S . , Sjberg , B . ^^^ Rapid freeze quench kinetics of EPR visible intermediates reveal a preferred radical transfer pathway via Trp 111 , Glu 204 , and Fe 2 , followed by a proton coupled electron transfer through the pi interaction of the aromatic rings of Trp ( Tyr ) 107 and Trp 111 . ^^^ The kinetic pattern observed in W107Y / Y122F is considerably changed as compared with Y122F : the Trp 111 ( . ) EPR signal has vanished , and the Tyr 107 ( . ) has the same formation rate as does Trp 111 ( . ) in Y122F . ^^^ According to the proposed consecutive reaction , Trp 111 ( . ) becomes very short lived and is no longer detectable because of the faster formation of Tyr 107 ( . ) . ^^^ We conclude that the phenyl rings of Trp 111 and Tyr 107 form a better stacking complex so that the proton coupled electron transfer is facilitated compared with the single mutant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The modification of functional groups ( NH 2 , SH , S S , > C = O , Tyr and Trp ) in OVA was monitored as well as their accessibility to promote aggregation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Further analysis of peptide binding to HLA B * 5102 and B * 5103 molecules showed that a single amino acid substitution of Tyr for His at residue 171 ( B * 5102 ) and that of Gly for Trp at residue 167 ( B * 5103 ) has a minimum effect in HLA B 51 peptide binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The concentrations of serum homovanillic acid ( HVA ) , norepinephrine ( NE ) , tyrosine ( Tyr ) , phenylalanine ( Phe ) and tryptophan ( Trp ) , and the activities of serum dopamine beta hydroxylase ( DBH ) , platelet monoamine oxidase ( MAO ) , and erythrocyte catechol O methyl transferase ( COMT ) were measured in 68 healthy parents who had schizophrenic offspring . ^^^ The results show a significant correlation between the parents of schizophrenic patients in serum HVA ( r=0 . 38 , n=34 , p < 0 . 05 ) , NE ( r=0 . 40 , n=33 , p < 0 . 02 ) , Phe ( r=0 . 44 , n=34 , p < 0 . 0l ) , Tyr ( r=0 . 43 , n = 34 , p < 0 . 02 ) and DBH activity ( r=0 . 51 , n = 30 , p < 0 . 005 ) , but do not show a significant correlation in erythrocyte COMT ( r=0 . 01 , n=27 ) , platelet MAO ( r=0 . 04 , n=23 ) or serum Trp ( r=0 . 10 , n=34 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Methionine , TSAA , Lys , Thr , Tyr , Trp , and Arg were evaluated and R 2 values calculated for each prediction method . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The conserved Trp residue within helix 5 of the N lobe of human serum transferrin ( hTF / 2N , 40 kDa ) has been mutated to Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Peptides 1 12 have the following substituents at position three in ( A ) : ( 1 ) Pro ; ( 2 ) Oic ; ( 3 ) Atc ; ( 4 ) D Atc ; ( 6 ) D Phe ; ( 7 ) Ile ; ( 8 ) Leu ; ( 9 ) Tyr ; ( 10 ) Trp ; ( 11 ) Hphe ; ( 12 ) [ HO ] Tic ; Peptide ( 13 ) is the Tyr NH 2 ( 9 ) analogue of ( B ) : Peptide ( 14 ) is the D Cys ( 6 ) analogue of ( B ) . ^^^ Furthermore , the surprising retention of V 2 antagonism exhibited by the Pro 3 , Oic 3 , Tyr 3 , Trp 3 and Hphe 3 analogues of ( A ) , together with the excellent retention of V 2 antagonism by the Tyr NH 2 ( 9 ) and D Cys 6 analogues of ( B ) are promising new leads to the design of potent and possibly orally active V 2 antagonists for use as pharmacological tools and / or as radioiodinatable ligands and for development as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of the hyponatremia caused by the syndrome of the inappropriate secretion of the antidiuretic hormone ( SIADH ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The light chain of a murine monoclonal anti 17alpha hydroxy progesterone Fab fragment ( IgG2b , kappa ) was selectively labeled with 13C at carbonyl groups of Ala , Arg , Cys , Ile , Lys , Met , Phe , Trp , or Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ratios are calculated for Asn , Asp , Gly , Phe , Pro , Trp , Tyr , and Val , mostly found on the extracellular side , and for Ala , Arg , Cys , and Lys , mostly occurring on the intracellular side . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In all four species , this region contains the ND 1 and ND 2 genes and the genes coding eight tRNAs , namely , tRNA Ile , Gln , Met , Trp , Ala , Asn , Cys , and Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Another peptide containing a Trp substitution at position 10 was used as an acceptor for the intrinsic Tyr fluorescence of wild type Abeta ( 1 40 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The N terminal sequence of the proteinase is : Ser Val Leu Gly Thr Asp Glu Arg Thr Arg Val Thr Asn Thr Thr Thr Tyr Pro Tyr Trp . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Each of the five codons for tryptophan ( Trp ) in the chb 1 gene was replaced by those for leucine ( Leu ) or tyrosine ( Tyr ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , Trp 22 was mutated to Phe or to Tyr to compare thermodynamic stabilities of urea induced unfolding of alpha 16 and mutants thereof . alpha 16 was chosen for this study instead of alpha 17 , because alpha 16 has two tryptophans , allowing urea induced unfolding to be tracked by the fluorescence of the Trp remaining in each mutant peptide and by circular dichroism in the far UV . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 is one of the most abundant melanosomal glycoproteins involved in melanogenesis . ^^^ Our UV irradiation and tyrosinase and TRP 1 cDNA co transfection studies indicated that human TRP 1 is involved in not only melanogenesis but also prevention of melanocyte death , which may occur during biosynthesis of melanin pigment in the presence of tyrosinase . ^^^ Furthermore , a coordinated gene interaction was indicated between tyrosinase and TRP 1 , resulting in upregulation of mRNA and protein expression of LAMP ( lysosome associated membrane protein ) 1 that would directly prevent the tyrosinase mediated programmed cell death of melanocytes . ^^^ Similar to tyrosinase , however , TRP 1 appears to require a molecular chaperone , calnexin , which we have cloned recently . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore peptides containing a Tyr in the central portion of the molecule were able to form a stable peroxynitrite dependent g = 2 . 004 signal , whereas peptides in which Tyr was substituted with Gly , Trp or Phe and peptides with Tyr at the N terminus or near the C terminus did not form radicals that were stable at 37 degrees C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Preformed building blocks Fmoc Xaa NH Np ( Xaa = Cit , Cys , Gln , His , Lys , Orn , Ser , Thr , Tyr , Trp ) can be attached via side chain to the 2 chlorotritylchloride linker of the resin . ^^^ We synthesised a set of tetrapeptide 4 nitroanilides with the general structure Suc Ala Phe Pro Xaa NH Np ( Xaa = Asp , Cit , Cys , Glu , Gln , His , Lys , Orn , Ser , Thr , Tyr , Trp ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The postprandial period of suppression of protein intake correlated with the disappearance of some amino acids , e . g . , Arg , Tyr , and Trp , in the blood , and this may be of importance for protein ingestion , since these amino acids are neurotransmitter precursors . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , DR 1 varying only at position beta 85 differ in their binding of substituted peptides containing Ala , Tyr or Trp at the P 1 anchor position . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aromatic and sulfur containing side chains Trp , Tyr , Phe , Cys , and Met contribute to the CD spectra of peptides and proteins in the amide region , interfering with the analysis for secondary structure . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A comparative kinetic characterization of the peptide aldehydes Ac Leu Leu 10 H [ 10 = Trp , Tyr and Tyr ( tBu ) ] and Z Gly Pro Gly Gly Leu Leu Nle H as inhibitors of the chymotryptic activity of 20S proteasomes from the archaebacterium T . acidophilum and yeast S . cerevisiae revealed significantly differentiated inhibitory potencies that can be rationalized on the basis of 10 ray crystallographic data . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The fluorescence of the enzyme Tyr and Trp residues was modified as a result of oxidative damage . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results demonstrate that all 3 enzymes are capable of binding divalent metal cations ; copper is bound to tyrosinase but not to TRP 1 or TRP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ultraviolet resonance Raman ( UVRR ) spectra of H2O and D2O solutions of the nucleoside ( dA , dG , dC , dT ) and aromatic amino acid ( Phe , Trp , Tyr ) constituents of DNA viruses have been obtained with laser excitation wavelengths of 257 , 244 , 238 , and 229 nm . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , the 229 nm Raman spectra are dominated by the Tyr and Trp Raman bands , which are analyzed to examine changes in Tyr and Trp environments , such as exposure to water , hydrogen bonding , and , for Trp , any alterations of the dihedral angle between the Trp ring and its linkage to the protein backbone . ^^^ We uniquely determined which Mb alpha helices melt by combining the amide , Tyr , and Trp Raman spectral information with heme absorption spectral information . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The quenching effect is markedly distance dependent , as it only influences the Trp residue of the bound peptide ( < =7 A ) but has little effect on the two Tyr residues in the C terminal domain of CaM ( > =10 A ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the case of Cys , Leu , Asn , Gln , or Arg nsP 4 , revertants that were indistinguishable in plaque phenotype from the wild type virus arose by same site reversion to Tyr , Trp , Phe , or His by a single nucleotide substitution in the original mutant codon . ^^^ Our results indicate that only nsP4s bearing N terminal Tyr , Phe , Trp , or His have wild type or near wild type activity for RNA replication and that rapid degradation of nsP 4 is not a prerequisite for its function . nsP4s bearing other N terminal residues , with the exception of Met nsP 4 , have only very low or negligible activity , so that no detectable infectious virus can be produced . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phenyl deuterated tyrosine ( Tyr d 4 ) and indole deuterated tryptophan ( Trp d 5 ) have been selectively incorporated into hemoglobin ( Hb ) by expressing the gene in auxotrophic strains of Escherichia coli . ^^^ All the UVRR bands between 800 and 1700 cm 1 are assigned to either Tyr or Trp except for the 1511 cm 1 band , which had been thought to arise from the Trp 2 10 W 18 overtone . ^^^ This band does not shift upon Trp or Tyr labeling but does shift 5 cm 1 in D2O , suggesting assignment to a histidine ( His ) residue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our analysis shows that certain combinations of 10 Pro pairs ( Asn , Cys , His , Phe , Tyr , Trp , Ile , Val and Leu ) , in which residue 10 is the C cap and the Pro is at position C ' , are more abundant than expected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Other residues such as the negatively changed aspartates and glutamates ( loop D ) , Thr or Tyr ( loop E ) , and Trp ( loop F ) from non alpha subunits were also found to form the complementary component of the agonist / competitive antagonist binding sites . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to modify the catalytic properties of trypsin , lysine 188 ( S 1 ) of the substrate binding pocket was substituted by an aromatic amino acid residue ( Phe , Tyr , Trp ) or by a histidyl residue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The role of Trp 135 and Tyr 108 in the combining site of Erythrina corallodendron lectin ( ECorL ) was investigated by physicochemical characterization of mutants obtained by site directed mutagenesis , hemagglutination inhibition studies , and molecular modeling , including dynamics simulations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Four variants of human beta globin in which the Trp at position 37 has been replaced with a Tyr , Ala , Gly , or Glu have been expressed in Escherichia coli . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These alterations from wild type function are dependent on the particular side chain substituted , with the magnitude of change increasing as Trp is substituted by Tyr , Ala , Gly , and Glu . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There are also significant differences between the three aromatic amino acids with Tyr exhibiting a noticeably higher propensity than Phe or Trp to precede a cis proline residue . ^^^ In order to study the role that local interactions play in these conformation preferences , a set of tetrapeptides of the general sequence acetyl Gly 10 Pro Gly carboxamide ( GXPG ) , where 10 = Tyr , Phe , Trp , Ala , or cyclohexyl alanine , were synthesized and studied by nmr . ^^^ The distribution of rotamers and the effect of an aromatic residue on the cis trans equilibrium indicate that the preferred conformation is populated to approximately 62 % for the Phe containing peptide , 67 % for the Tyr containing peptide , and between 75 and 80 % for the Trp containing peptide . ^^^ These local interactions favor an aromatic residue immediately preceding a cis proline , but they can not explain the relative propensities for Phe Pro , Tyr Pro , and Trp Pro cis peptide bonds observed in the native state of proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The photolysates evidenced that His , Tyr , and Trp are the reactive sites of the protein . ^^^ The experimental results strongly suggest that formal hydrogen abstraction from the OH or NH groups of Tyr or Trp by the excited drug is the key photochemical process . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This and the results of second derivative UV spectroscopy of Tyr suggested that segments including Tyr 13 and Trp 25 are involved in the discoidal complex formation and that the orientation of glucagon is not normal to the bilayer surface . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyr and Trp fluorescence dynamics demonstrated that apo ACBP was an ellipsoidal protein ( axes of 15 and 9 A ) whose conformation was altered by oleoyl CoA in the holo ACBP as shown by a 2 A decrease of ACBP hydrodynamic diameter and increased Trp segmental motions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The values of the inhibition constants , Ki , were the following : Ac R R K W Q K T G H A 5 R A 1 G R L CONH 2 ( Trp peptide ) , 8 . 6 ( + / 1 . 4 sd ) pM ; Y 4 analogue of Trp peptide ( Tyr peptide ) , 7 . 3 ( + / 0 . 1 ) nM ; and A R R K W Q K T G H A 5 R A 1 G R L S S ( RS 20 like peptide ) , 0 . 11 0 . 39 nM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , changes in endogenous tryptophan fluorescence intensity and spectral changes after reaction of Mi CK with PN suggest additional modifications of Trp and Tyr residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Based on our analysis , the helix propensities of the amino acids are as follows ( kcal / mol ) : Ala = 0 , Leu = 0 . 21 , Arg = 0 . 21 , Met = 0 . 24 , Lys = 0 . 26 , Gln = 0 . 39 , Glu = 0 . 40 , Ile = 0 . 41 , Trp = 0 . 49 , Ser = 0 . 50 , Tyr = 0 . 53 , Phe = 0 . 54 , Val = 0 . 61 , His = 0 . 61 , Asn = 0 . 65 , Thr = 0 . 66 , Cys = 0 . 68 , Asp = 0 . 69 , and Gly = 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Manduca sexta apolipophorin 3 , apoLp 3 , is an exchangeable apolipoprotein of 17 kDa that contains no Trp , one Tyr , and eight Phe . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A rapid method for the quantitative determination of tyrosine ( Tyr ) , phenylalanine ( Phe ) , p hydroxybenzoic acid ( HBA ) , p hydroxyphenylacetic acid ( HPA ) , benzoic acid ( BZA ) , p hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid ( HPY ) , phenylacetic acid ( PAA ) , phenyllactic acid ( PLA ) , tryptophan ( Trp ) , indoleacetic acid ( IAA ) , phenylpyruvic acid ( PPY ) , phenylpropionic acid ( PPA ) and cinnamic acid ( CNA ) in goat rumen fluid was established by high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) . ^^^ The minimum detectable limits of quantification ( microM ) of these compounds were Tyr , 2 ; Phe , 3 ; HBA , 1 ; HPA , 2 ; BZA , 2 ; HPY , 8 ; PAA , 3 ; PLA , 4 ; Trp , 2 ; IAA , 2 ; PPY , 15 ; PPA , 8 and CNA , 4 . ^^^ Detectable levels of Tyr , Phe , HPA , BZA , HPY , PAA , PLA , Trp and PPA were found in the deproteinized rumen fluid of goat fed a haycube and concentrate mixture . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
P 2 preference followed the rank order : Lys > Arg > Thr > Pro > Glu > Ile > Ser > Ala > Asn > Val > Cys > AsP > Gln > Gly > His > Met > Leu > Tyr > Phe > Trp . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To further assess the intrinsic elements essential for the occurrence of disulfide isomerization of cobrotoxin , the toxin molecule was subjected to modification on its Arg , Lys , Trp , Tyr , and carboxyl groups . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Trp H 50 , H 95 and L 96 and Tyr L 32 , L 49 and Phe L91 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thrombin ( 60D ) consists of the replacement of the beta insertion loop ( 14 amino acid residues from 59 to 63 , including a 9 residue insertion at position 60 ) with the corresponding four residues in trypsin , Tyr Lys Ser Gly ; thrombin ( GGG ) is a smaller loop mutation in which the residues Tyr ( 60A ) Pro ( 60B ) Pro ( 60C ) Trp ( 60D ) Asp ( 60E ) Lys ( 60F ) of the beta insertion loop were replaced by Gly Gly Gly ; thrombin ( 96S ) consists of a point mutation Trp 96 > Ser ; and thrombin ( GGG / 96S ) is the double mutant incorporating both changes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
From results on different amino acid pairs , a replacement between large residues , such as Trp , Phe , and Tyr , was performed assuming conservation of their torsional angles within a homologous family of proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The comprehensive study of chimeras between the Gal 2 galactose transporter and the Hxt 2 glucose transporter of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has shown that Tyr 446 is essential and Trp 455 is important for galactose recognition by Gal 2 . ^^^ Consistent with this finding , replacement of the corresponding Phe 431 and Tyr 440 residues of Hxt 2 with Tyr and Trp , respectively , allowed Hxt 2 to transport galactose , suggesting that the two amino acid residues in putative transmembrane segment 10 play a definite role in galactose recognition ( Kasahara , M . , Shimoda , E . , and Maeda , M . ( 1997 ) J . ^^^ The importance of residue 431 in sugar recognition was more pronounced in a modified Hxt 2 in which Tyr 440 was replaced with Trp . ^^^ Glucose transport was supported only by the aromatic amino acids Phe , Tyr , and Trp at position 431 , and galactose transport was supported only by Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyr substitution for Trp at position 11 appears to favor beta ribbon formation and stabilization of the antiparallel double helix that acts as a template for gramicidin folding and nucleation of different crystal forms . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Klebsiella pneumoniae 62 1 , a triple mutant impaired in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis ( Phe , Tyr , Trp ) , excretes chorismic acid into the culture broth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To assess antibody responses to potential melanoma / melanocyte autoantigens , the open reading frame sequences of tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 , TRP 2 , and melanoma associated glycoprotein antigen family ( gp100 / pmel17 ) genes were cloned and expressed as recombinant proteins in E . coli . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study characterizes the induction of melanogenesis and the expression of tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) and lysosome associated membrane protein ( LAMP ) gene families in the cultured melanocyte lines of non agouti mice with four major genetic loci , i . e . melan a 2 ( black , wild type ) , melan b ( brown , TRP 1 mutation ) , melan s ( black , piebaldism mutation ) and melan c ( white , tyrosinase mutation ) in response to repeated exposure to ultraviolet ( UV ) B ( 5 mJ / cm2 , 7 consecutive days ) . ^^^ Our study indicated : ( 1 ) that melanogenesis induction and melanocyte death are two photobiological processes occurring simultaneously after repeated UVB exposure , ( 2 ) that in response to an upregulation of tyrosinase mRNA and enzymic activity , there was a co ordinated upregulation of the LAMP 1 gene in wild type melan a 2 , while no upregulation was found in melan s and melan b mutants , and ( 3 ) that UV induced melanocyte death is related to the upregulation of the tyrosinase gene , induction of new melanogenesis and mutation of the TRP 1 gene in immortal murine melanocytes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Raman spectroscopy analysis also shows redistribution of the structural rotamers of the 68 kDa topo 1 disulfide bonds and significant changes in the H bonding of the Tyr residues and in the microenvironment / conformation of the Trp side chains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The carboxypeptidase A catalyzed syntheses of dipeptides from L amino acids ( Phe , Tyr , Trp , Leu and Ile ) were studied in various water miscible ( acetone , acetonitrile , ethanol , methanol and 1 , 4 dioxane ) organic solvents . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , there are some kinds of human amelanotic melanomas , such as MEL2A , in which expression of tyrosinase is repressed or lacking though tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 and TRP 2 are well expressed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The energy minimized structures of aldose reductase with six structurally diverse inhibitors ( spirofluorene 9 , 5 ' imidazolidine 2 ' , 4 ' dione ( 1 ) , 9 fluoreneacetic acid ( 2 ) , AL 1576 ( 3 ) , 2 , 7 difluoro 9 fluoreneacetic acid ( 4 ) , FK 366 ( 5 ) , and Epalrestat ( 9 ) ) indicate that the side chains of Tyr 48 , His 110 , and Trp 111 can form numerous hydrogen bonds with either the carboxylate or the hydantoin group of the inhibitors while the side chains of Trp 20 , Trp 111 , and Phe 122 are positioned to form aromatic aromatic interactions . ^^^ Of the three residues ( Tyr 48 , His 110 , and Trp 111 ) that can form hydrogen bonds with the ionized portion of aldose reductase inhibitors , protonated His 110 appears to play an important role in directing charged inhibitors to bind at the active site through charge interaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that the putative first ectoplasmic loop of band 3 carries blood group antigen ELO , 432 Arg > Trp ; the third putative loop harbors antigens Vga ( Van Vugt ) , 555 Tyr > His , BOW 561 Pro > Ser , Wu ( Wulfsberg ) , 565 Gly > Ala , and Bpa ( Bishop ) , 569 Asn > Lys ; and the putative fourth ectoplasmic loop carries antigens Hga ( Hughes ) , 656 Arg > Cys , and Moa ( Moen ) , 656 Arg > His . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Endomorphin 1 ( Tyr Pro Trp Phe NH 2 ) is a highly selective and potent agonist of the mu opioid receptor . ^^^ In DMSO , the cis configuration adopts a compact sandwich conformation in which the Tyr and Trp aromatic rings pack against the proline ring , whereas the trans configuration adopts an extended conformation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report in this article the optical absorption and fluorescent properties , in aqueous media , of Abz bound to the alpha amino group of Ala , Gly , Leu , Ile , Val , Pro , Phe , Arg , Glu , Met , Asn , Tyr , and Trp , with monomethylamidated alpha carboxyl group . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aromatic amino acid residues Phe , Trp , and Tyr prefer the 4 10 range and all other residues prefer the 21 30 range . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The amino acid composition of the aromatic residues Phe , Tyr and Trp are much less significant in chaperones and the residues Cys , Glu , His , Met and Pro vary significantly in chaperones compared to normal globular proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results reveal two lysine side chains ( Lys 47 and Lys 52 ) , an asparagine side chain ( Asn 53 ) , and two aromatic side chains ( Tyr 49 and Trp 82 ) in the receptor that are important for recognition by A 6 . ^^^ The role of aromatic side chains in antibody antigen recognition is of particular interest , not least in this case because 13 aromatic groups ( six Tyr , six Trp and one His ) are present at the interface ( four in VL , six in VH and three in the receptor ) , and several are proximal to the charged and polar side chains of Lys 47 , Lys 52 and Asn 53 in the receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Studies have shown that there are two ( or more ) sites for the protein derived radical : at tyrosine ( Tyr 103 ) or tryptophan ( Trp 14 ) . ^^^ Three amino acids show significant reactivity : Tyr , Trp , and Cys , with Cys the least efficient . ^^^ These reactions appear to mainly involve Tyr residues on the target protein , although evidence for reaction at Trp has also been obtained . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The UVRR change of the Trp residue of these mutants upon the T R transition was the same as that in HbA , indicating that the T R dependent UVRR change of beta37Trp is not due to stacking with Tyr residues but is due to the formation or destruction of a hydrogen bond . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When we tried to induce immune responses to five mouse melanocyte differentiation antigens , gp 100 , MART 1 , tyrosinase , and tyrosinase related proteins ( TRP ) 1 and TRP 2 , we observed striking depigmentation and melanocyte destruction only in the skin of mice inoculated with a vaccinia virus encoding mouse TRP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is possible that the side chain conformation of Trp 340 ( t isomer ; chi 1 190 degrees , chi 2 89 degrees ) , aromatic rings of Tyr and Phe residues , and Pro residues in the microenvironment of Trp 340 and Trp 356 substantially contribute to the short wavelength fluorescence spectrum of actin . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of ( 1 ) residue type and ( 2 ) residue pair interactions at the interface show that antibody antigen interactions are very restricted with over 70 % of the antibody energy attributable to just six residue types ( Tyr > Asp > Asn > Ser > Glu > Trp ) in agreement with previous studies on residue propensity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Experiments with wild type DR 1 along with previously published results establish that the SDS stable complexes are formed only when the hydrophobic pocket 1 ( P 1 ) is occupied by a bulky aromatic ( Trp , Phe , Tyr ) or an aliphatic residue ( Met , Ile , Val , Leu ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The putative galactose binding pocket of the nonbinding ATB 2 gamma subdomain contained a His residue at the position occupied by a residue with an aromatic side chain ( Tyr or Trp ) in functional 2 gamma subdomains . ^^^ Mutationally converting this His to either Tyr or Trp restored lectin activity to the nonbinding ATB , emphasizing the contribution of an aromatic side chain in a functional 2 gamma subdomain galactose binding site for members of this lectin family . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The freeze trapped bacteriopheophytin alpha radical anion phi ( * ) A has been investigated by 1H ENDOR / Special TRIPLE resonance spectroscopy in photosynthetic reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides , in which the Tyr at position M 210 had been replaced by either Phe , Leu , His or Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ala , Asp , Arg , Cys , Gly , Glu , Ser , Thr , Trp , and Tyr form IPQ upon incubation with PQQ . ^^^ In addition to IPQ , Ala , Arg , Cys , Ser , Trp , and Tyr formed IPQ / R derivatives . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Compared to exposures in phosphate buffered saline , the yield of * OH radicals and H2O2 was significantly reduced in the cell culture medium , glucose ( the main organic component in the medium ) , and the hydrophobic amino acids ( Trp , Phe , Tyr , Leu , Val , Met ) being chiefly responsible for this effect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retention of aromatic analytes ( Trp , Phe , and Tyr ) involves smaller heat capacity changes and pronounced negative enthalpies of interaction with the stationary phase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Specific findings are as follows : 1 ) differences in the intrinsic fluorescence indicate that the Trp microenvironments are more hydrophobic for HbS > HbC > HbA , 2 ) ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy detects alterations in Tyr hydrogen bonding , in Trp hydrophobicity at the alpha1beta2 interface ( beta 37 ) , and in the A helix ( alpha14 / beta15 ) of both chains , 3 ) displacement by inositol hexaphosphate of the Hb bound 8 hydroxy 1 , 3 , 6 pyrenetrisulfonate ( the fluorescent 2 , 3 diphosphoglycerate analog ) follows the order HbA > HbS > HbC , and 4 ) oxygen equilibria measurements indicate a differential allosteric effect by inositol hexaphosphate for HbC approximately HbS > HbA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Peptides 10 23 have at position 3 : the aromatic amino acids , ( 10 ) homophenylalanine ( Hphe ) : ( 11 ) Tyr ; ( 12 ) Trp ; ( 13 ) 2 naphthylalanine ( 2 Nal ) ; the conformationally restricted amino acids ( 14 ) Pro ; ( 15 ) 2 aminotetraline 2 carboxylic acid ( Atc ) ; the polar amino acids ( 16 ) Ser ; ( 17 ) Thr ; ( 18 ) Gln ; and the charged amino acids ( 19 ) Asp ; ( 20 ) Glu ; ( 21 ) Arg ; ( 22 ) Lys ; ( 23 ) Orn . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This effect is attributed to weakening of tertiary H bonds involving Tyr alpha 140 and Trp alpha 14 , when the T state salt bridge between Val alpha 1 and Arg alpha 141 is formed via protonation of the terminal amino group and anion binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Five mutant RTs having Tyr , Trp , Ile , Ala or Gln instead of Phe 160 were obtained by site directed mutagenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyr substitution for Trp at position 11 appears to favor beta ribbon formation and stabilization of the antiparallel double helix . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tyrosinase family in vertebrates consists of three related melanogenic enzymes : tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , and TRP 2 . ^^^ We have isolated a gene from the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi which encodes a tyrosinase related protein ( HrTRP ) with 45 49 % identity with vertebrate TRP 1 and TRP 2 . ^^^ Initially , duplication of an ancestral tyrosinase gene produced a single TRP gene before the urochordate and cephalochordate vertebrate divergence , and a subsequent duplication of the ancestral TRP gene in the vertebrate lineage gave rise to two TRP genes before the emergence of teleost fishes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results for neutral side chains with phi , psi angles approximately 180 degrees , approximately 180 degrees in ascending order , to an expected accuracy of + / 10 kJ mol ( ) ( 1 ) , are Asn 326 ; cystine 330 ; Asp 332 ; Gln 334 ; Trp 337 ; Arg 340 ; Lys 340 ; Met 343 ; His 344 ; Phe 344 ; Tyr 344 ; Leu 344 ; Ala 345 ; Cys 346 ; Ser 349 ; Gly 350 ; Ile 351 ; Val 352 ; Glu 354 ; Thr 357 ; Pro cis 358 ; Pro trans 369 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phylogenetic relationships among lizards of the families Anguidae , Anniellidae , Xenosauridae , and Shinisauridae are investigated using 2001 aligned bases of mitochondrial DNA sequence from the genes encoding ND 1 ( subunit one of NADH dehydrogenase ) , tRNA ( Ile ) , tRNA ( Gln ) , tRNA ( Met ) , ND 2 , tRNA ( Trp ) , tRNA ( Ala ) , tRNA ( Asn ) , tRNA ( Cys ) , tRNA ( Tyr ) , and COI ( subunit 1 of cytochrome c oxidase ) , plus the origin for light strand replication ( O ( L ) ) between the tRNA ( Asn ) and the tRNA ( Cys ) genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phylogenetic relationships of four of the five species are investigated using 1733 aligned bases of mitochondrial DNA sequence from the genes encoding ND 1 ( subunit one of NADH dehydrogenase ) , tRNA ( Ile ) , tRNA ( Gln ) , tRNA ( Met ) , ND 2 , tRNA ( Trp ) , tRNA ( Ala ) , tRNA ( Asn ) , tRNA ( Cys ) , tRNA ( Tyr ) , and COI ( subunit 1 of cytochrome c oxidase ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The required amino acids were : Arg , His , Ile , Leu , Phe , Ser , Thr , Trp , Tyr , and Val . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The type 2 site is specific for N terminal bulky hydrophobic residues Phe , Leu , Trp , Tyr , and Ile . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 229 nm excited Raman spectra are dominated by the Tyr and Trp Raman bands , which are analyzed to examine changes of Tyr and Trp environments and solvent exposures . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
LAT 2 exhibits higher affinity ( Km = 30 50 microM ) to Tyr , Phe , Trp , Thr , Asn , Ile , Cys , Ser , Leu , Val , and Gln and relatively lower affinity ( Km = 180 300 microM ) to His , Ala , Met , and Gly . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NOHb at pH 6 . 7 gave the UVRR spectrum of the R structure , but in the presence of inositol hexakis phosphate ( IHP ) for which the Fe His bond of the alpha heme is broken , UVRR bands of Trp residues behaved half T like while Tyr bands remained R like . ^^^ The half ligated nitrosylHb , alpha ( NO ) beta ( deoxy ) , in the presence of IHP at pH 5 . 6 , gave T like UVRR spectra for both Tyr and Trp , but binding of CO to its beta heme ( alpha ( NO ) beta ( CO ) ) changed the UVRR spectrum to half T like . ^^^ Binding of NO to its beta heme ( NOHb ) changed the UVRR spectrum to 70 % T type for Trp but almost R type for Tyr . ^^^ We note that the behaviors of Tyr and Trp residues at the alpha 1 beta 2 interface are not synchronous . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cation pi interactions are found to be common among structures in the Protein Data Bank , and it is clearly demonstrated that , when a cationic sidechain ( Lys or Arg ) is near an aromatic sidechain ( Phe , Tyr , or Trp ) , the geometry is biased toward one that would experience a favorable cation pi interaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To study the role of the catalytic domain in 5 Src substrate specificity , we engineered three site directed mutants ( Leu 472 to Tyr or Trp and Thr 429 to Met ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The geometry of the interaction of the aromatic side chains of phenylalanine ( Phe ) , tyrosine ( Tyr ) , tryptophan ( Trp ) and histidine ( His ) with the indole ring of Trp has been analyzed using the structures in the Protein Data Bank in order to understand the dependence of the packing behaviour on the size and chemical nature of the aromatic rings . ^^^ While parallel stacking is the dominant feature of Trp His interaction , Tyr packs in a more uniform manner around Trp with a higher than expected occurrence at the edge and a few cases of possible OH pi interaction . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No significant effect on DOPAchrome tautomerase activity was observed . alpha TF did not directly inhibit tyrosinase activity of the large granule fraction extracted from human melanoma cells , and Western blotting revealed that there were no changes in protein content or in molecular size of tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 or TRP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , only 11 . 7 % of the interaction seen with the wild type peptide was observed with the mutant in which seven conserved aromatic residues ( Trp 543 , Phe 547 , Trp 550 , Tyr 553 , Trp 557 , Phe 561 , and Tyr 564 ) had been altered to alanines ( aromatics off mutant ) . ^^^ These observations suggest that the stabilization of BChE tetramers is mediated through the interaction of the seven conserved aromatic residues , Trp 543 , Phe 547 , Trp 550 , Tyr 553 , Trp 557 , Phe 561 , and Tyr 564 , and that the poly L proline induced increase in tetrameric BChE is mediated through these seven aromatic residues . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The luminescence spectrum of the PON terbium complex exhibited an emission peak at 545 nm characteristic of an aromatic residue ( Trp and / or Tyr ) terbium interaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Data from screening of the library shows that plasmin has a strong specificity for Trp at the S 2 subsite and prefers to bind hydrophobic and aromatic amino acids such as Ile , Phe , Trp , and Tyr at the S 2 ' subsite . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This work suggests that a significant role of Trp 161 in the active site is to promote the dissociation of product peroxide , perhaps in part through its effect on the orientation of Tyr 34 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Seven chymotryptic cleavage sites , Trp ( 60 ) , Phe ( 61 ) , Phe ( 75 ) , Phe ( 84 ) , Phe ( 113 ) , Phe ( 118 ) , and Tyr ( 122 ) , located near or within the core alpha crystallin domain , were shielded from the action of chymotrypsin in the presence of ATP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The influence of the amino acid residues surrounding the flavin ring in the flavodoxin of the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7119 on the electron spin density distribution of the flavin semiquinone was examined in mutants of the key residues Trp ( 57 ) and Tyr ( 94 ) at the FMN binding site . ^^^ Significant differences in electron density distribution were observed in the flavodoxin mutants Trp ( 57 ) > Ala and Tyr ( 94 ) > Ala . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Secondary and tertiary structure changes were inferred , respectively , from changes in far UV circular dichroism and relative changes of interresidue distances by fluorescence resonance energy transfer ( FRET ) . `` Single Trp ' ' mutants were used in FRET analysis , with the background Tyr contribution determined through use of a `` zero Trp ' ' mutant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Again the Ca2+ forms display two thirds of the alpha helical content in the wild type , while their core is still strongly hydrophobic as monitored by Trp and Tyr fluorescence . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Sorbinil binds to the active site of aldehyde reductase and is hydrogen bonded to Trp 22 , Tyr 50 , His 113 , and the non conserved Arg 312 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using site directed mutagenesis , a double mutant was constructed involving conservative substitution of Tyr ( 99 ) > Trp ( 99 ) and Leu ( 69 ) > Cys ( 69 ) with no significant effect on the secondary structure of CaM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mass spectrometry techniques were used to characterize radiolytic modification to amino acids cysteine ( Cys ) , methionine ( Met ) , phenylalanine ( Phe ) , tyrosine ( Tyr ) , tryptophan ( Trp ) , proline ( Pro ) , histidine ( His ) , and leucine ( Leu ) . ^^^ A reactivity order of Cys , Met > > Phe , Tyr , > Trp > Pro > His , Leu was determined under aerobic reaction conditions from MS / MS analysis of the radiolyzed peptide products . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cleavage of a peptide with Ala in the penultimate position was most efficient , with the relative order Ala > / = Met > Ser , Phe > Tyr > Trp > Thr > / = Gln , Asp , Leu , Gly > > Pro for CPD with both domains active . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cys _ SH was located in the hydrophobic cluster , along with residues such as Met , Trp and Tyr , and was clearly separated from Ser and Thr in the polar cluster . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PEG 8000 perturbs the structure of the protein surface , partially modifying the layer of water and the microenvironment of the superficial aromatic residues ( tryptophan , TRP and TYR ) which is in agreement with the modifications of the UV spectrum of albumin by PEG 8000 and circular dichroism ( CD ) spectrum at high temperatures . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the mutant in which seven conserved aromatic residues ( Trp 543 , Phe 547 , Trp 550 , Tyr 553 , Trp 557 , Phe 561 , and Tyr 564 ) and C 571 were altered to alanines showed only 12 % of the interaction seen with the wild type peptide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CEOS contains one tryptophan ( Trp ) and 19 tyrosines ( Tyr ) per monomer , and the fluorescence spectrum of the protein shows emission from both Trp and Tyr residues . ^^^ In the presence of NADPH , Tyr fluorescence is reduced by 40 % , and Trp fluorescence is quenched completely . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The two phage display ligands with high binding activities contained a high content of Arg , Tyr , and Trp residues with the short consensus sequence Arg 10 Tyr Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Conservative substitution of Trp H 33 by Tyr or Phe resulted in moderate losses of binding affinity ; however , replacement by Ala had a significantly larger impact . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The hydrolytic degradation products consisted primarily of backbone cleavage C terminal to Trp ( 3 ) , Ser ( 4 ) , Tyr ( 5 ) , Leu ( 6 ) and Leu ( 7 ) , and oxidation of Trp ( 3 ) and beta elimination of Ser ( 4 ) were identified . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Radical induced oxidative modification of cysteine ( Cys ) , methionine ( Met ) , tryptophan ( Trp ) , phenylalanine ( Phe ) , tyrosine ( Tyr ) , proline ( Pro ) , histidine ( His ) , and leucine ( Leu ) residues is also reported , providing sufficient reactive markers to span a protein sequence . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tripeptide Z Ala Ala Leu pNA , tetrapeptides A Ala Ala P 1 P1 ' B , where A = Z or Abz ; P 1 = Leu , Phe , Met , Trp , Ile , Tyr , Phe ( NO 2 ) , or Glu ( OMe ) , P 1 ' = Leu , Phe , Glu , Ala , Ile , Val , or Arg ; B = NH 2 , pNA , or 2 ( 2 , 4 dinitrophenyl ) aminoethylamine residue ( Ded ) ; pentapeptides Z Ala Ala Leu Ala Ala pNA and Z Ala Ala Leu Ala Phe pNA ; and hexapeptide Abz Val Ala Phe Phe Ala Ala Ded were synthesized using the SDS subtilisin complex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have shown previously that active immunization of mice against the melanocyte differentiation antigen , a tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) gp 75 ( TRP 1 ) ( the brown locus protein ) expressed by melanomas , could induce tumor immunity and autoimmunity manifested as depigmentation . ^^^ Here , we characterize immunity against another tyrosinase family glycoprotein TRP 2 ( the slaty locus protein ) , using the same mouse model and method of immunization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Leu , Tyr , Gln , and His substituted analogs were found to be exclusively three stranded trimers , while the Asn , Lys , Orn , Arg , and Trp substituted analogs formed exclusively two stranded monomers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 in ultraviolet irradiated human melanomas and melanocytes : TRP 2 protects melanoma cells from ultraviolet B induced apoptosis . ^^^ Tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 and TRP 2 are known to regulate the quality of melanin , and recently their potential role in inhibiting apoptosis have also been reported . ^^^ To study the role of tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 in the growth , differentiation and cell death of ultraviolet B ( UVB ) irradiated melanocytes , the expression of these proteins in amelanotic and melanotic cells was examined . ^^^ Expression of tyrosinase and TRP 1 correlated with melanin content , which was upregulated after repeated irradiation of melanotic cells by low doses of UVB . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
His , Tyr , and Trp residues of the toxin were chemically modified by specific reagents . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overhauser connectivities reveal close hydrophobic contacts of the ligand ring with side chains of Tyr ( 36 ) , Trp ( 62 ) , Phe ( 64 ) , Trp ( 72 ) , AND Leu ( 74 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Malaria significantly increased the apparent K ( m ) for Trp , Tyr and His , with no effect on K ( m ) ( app ) for Phe . ^^^ Using the kinetic parameters of NAA transport at the human blood brain barrier , malaria significantly altered brain uptake of Phe ( +96 % ) , Trp ( 28 % ) and His ( +31 % ) , with no effect on Tyr ( 8 % ) , compared with control findings . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Investigation of the intracellular transport of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 . ^^^ In this report we investigate the effects of the perturbation of N glycan processing in ER on the transport and activation of tyrosinase and TRP 1 . ^^^ Immunoprecipitation experiments followed by analysis in SDS PAGE under non reducing conditions suggest that in inhibited cells , both tyrosinase and TRP 1 are synthesized in a modified conformation as compared to the normal proteins . ^^^ These data suggest that the inhibition of melanin synthesis is not due to a defective transport but rather to conformational changes induced in the structure of tyrosinase and TRP 1 during their transit through the ER . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The two wild type Trp residues in Tet repressor were replaced by Tyr or Phe and single Trp residues were introduced at each of the positions 162 173 , representing part of an unstructured loop and the N terminal six residues of alpha helix 9 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Significant differences in the cleavage of dipeptides with P 1 aromatic residues ( Phe , Tyr , and Trp ) were noted . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Temperature dependencies were measured of the rate constants for intra complex electron transfer to the triplet state of Pd ( 2 ) TMPyP4+ from a tyrosine ( tyr , Y ) or tryptophan ( trp , W ) moiety connected to a glutamic acid tetramer . ^^^ A significantly lower lambda value ( lambda = 1 . 08 eV ) was derived for the tryptophan containing peptide complex , indicating a relatively higher hydrophobic character of trp compared to tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bioactivity of the peptide can be maintained if the basic , aromatic residue His is replaced by another basic residue ( Lys ) and another aromatic residue ( Trp ) , but not the aromatic Tyr , indicating a sensitivity to the introduction of a phenolic OH group . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Detection limits of low nanomolar concentrations are possible for amino acids with hydrophobic side chains ( Phe , Tyr , Trp , Leu , Ile ) as determined for Phe . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the brain of all vertebrate classes , chicken ( c ) GnRH 2 ( [ His ( 5 ) , Trp ( 7 ) , Tyr ( 8 ) ] GnRH , cGnRH 2 ) is expressed in the mesencephalon . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These algorithms consist of blocks of 8 amino acids containing an amino acid anchor ( Tyr , Phe , Trp , Leu , Ile , or Val ) at position 1 and different amino acid combinations at positions i+2 to i+7 depending on the class 2 molecule . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A series of diastereoisomers of endomorphin 1 ( EM 1 , Tyr ( 1 ) Pro ( 2 ) Trp ( 3 ) Phe ( 4 ) NH ( 2 ) ) have been synthesized and their potency measured using the guinea pig ileum assay . [ D Phe ( 4 ) ] EM 1 possessed 1 / 10 the potency of EM 1 , while potencies of [ D Tyr ( 1 ) ] EM 1 and [ D Trp ( 3 ) ] EM 1 were 50 and 100 fold lower , respectively . ^^^ Simulations of trans [ D Pro ( 2 ) ] EM 1 using NOE derived distance constraints afforded well defined structures in which Tyr and Trp side chains stack against the proline ring . ^^^ The two peptides showed an opposite orientation of the Trp ( 3 ) residue with respect to Tyr ( 1 ) , thus suggesting a role of Pro ( 2 ) as a stereochemical spacer in orienting Trp ( 3 ) and Phe ( 4 ) toward regions suitable for mu receptor interaction . ^^^ The agonist activity of [ D Tyr ( 1 ) ] EM 1 and [ D Trp ( 3 ) ] EM 1 was attributed to their ability to adopt low energy conformations that mimic those of EM 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gnp1p , which is closely related to Agp1p , has a somewhat less broad specificity , transporting Leu , Ser , Thr , Cys , Met , Gln and Asn , while Bap2p and Bap3p , which are also closely related to Agp1p , are able to transport Ile , Leu , Val , Cys , Met , Phe , Tyr and Trp . ^^^ Tat2p can take up Phe , Trp and Tyr ; Put4p can transport Ala , Gly and Pro ; while Can1p , Lyp1p and the previously uncharacterized Alp1p are specific for the cationic amino acids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Compared with other ArATs , ArATPh has a novel substrate specificity , the order of preference being Tyr > Phe > Glu > Trp > His > > Met > Leu > Asp > Asn . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The best substrates for papain were peptides containing Trp , Tyr or Asn at P ( 3 ) ' . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The uptake was inhibited by > 50 % in the presence of a 10 fold excess of His , homocysteine ( Hcy ) , Trp , Leu , Tyr , Ile , Thr , Ala , Phe , Met , Ser , by > 20 % in the presence of a 10 fold excess of Val , Arg , Glu , and was not affected by a 10 fold excess of Orn , alpha ketoglutarate , Tau and Pro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The flexibility scale has the following order : Lys > Arg , Gln , Met > Glu , Ile , Leu > Asn , Thr , Val , Tyr , Ser , His , Asp > Cys , Trp , Phe ; thus , Lys side chains in binding pockets flex 25 times more often then do the Phe side chains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although it is distant from the 2 ' phosphoryl group of NADP ( + ) , replacement of the C terminal tyrosine ( Tyr ( 308 ) in the pea enzyme ) by Trp , Phe , Gly , and Ser produced enzyme forms in which the preference for NADPH over NADH was decreased about 2 , 10 , 300 , and 400 fold , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A disulfide bond forming reaction by silyl chloride sulfoxide system is completed within 10 15 min without modifications at sensitive residues ( Tyr , His , Met ) in peptide chain , except for a Trp residue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Alanine mutation , in the human ORL 1 receptor , of transmembrane amino acid residues that are conserved in opioid receptors , Asp ( 130 ) and Tyr ( 131 ) in transmembrane segment ( TM ) 3 , Phe ( 220 ) and Phe ( 224 ) in TM 5 , and Trp ( 276 ) in TM 6 , yields mutant receptors with reduced affinity , and proportionally decreased reactivity , toward nociceptin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Trp , Phe , and Tyr were also identified in the rumen fluid , with average concentrations of 8 . 25 , 29 . 04 , and 12 . 6 microM , respectively , before the morning feeding . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The different granzymes have one of four primary substrate specificities : tryptase ( cleaving after Arg or Lys ) , Asp ase ( cleaving after Asp ) , Met ase ( cleaving after Met or Leu ) , and chymase ( cleaving after Phe , Tyr , or Trp ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The substrate specificity of tryptophan ( Trp ) decarboxylase ( TDC ) for Trp and tyrosine ( Tyr ) decarboxylase ( TYDC ) for Tyr was used to modify the in vivo pools of these amino acids in transgenic tobacco . ^^^ Expression of TDC and TYDC was shown to deplete the levels of Trp and Tyr , respectively , during seedling development . ^^^ The creation of artificial metabolic sinks for Trp and Tyr also drastically affected the levels of phenylalanine , as well as those of the non aromatic amino acids methionine , valine , and leucine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Instead of using the 2 bromobenzyloxycarbonyl ( BrZ ) group for the Tyr residue and the formyl ( For ) group for the Trp residue , both of which are the most susceptible protecting groups under these base catalysed conditions , the base resistant 3 pentyl ( Pen ) and cyclohexyloxycarbonyl ( Hoc ) groups were introduced to the respective side chain functional groups . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The conserved aromatic side chain in the N terminal heme shielding peptide at position 4 , Phe and Tyr in plants and algae , respectively , and Trp in cyanobacteria , is in contact with the heme . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The motion of the residues with aromatic side chains surrounding the selectivity filter ( Trp ( 67 ) , Trp ( 68 ) , Tyr ( 78 ) , and Tyr ( 82 ) ) is anisotropic with the smallest RMS fluctuations in the direction parallel to the membrane plane . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Homo oligomers of hydrophobic amino acids as different in size and shape as Val ( 19 ) , Trp ( 19 ) , and Tyr ( 22 ) generated functional signal sequences with similar topologies in the membrane . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutation of a tryptophan located directly below the heme ( Trp ( 409 ) ) to Phe or Tyr causes hyperactive NO synthesis and less heme NO complex buildup in the steady state ( Adak , S . , Crooks , C . , Wang , Q . , Crane , B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Leu 98 in recombinant Phascolopsis gouldii hemerythrin , was mutated to several other residues of varying sizes ( Ala , Val ) , polarities ( Thr , Asp , Asn ) , and aromaticities ( Phe , Tyr , Trp ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Double site mutants containing aromatic residues at these latter two positions showed either essentially full galactose transport activity ( Phe ( 352 ) Trp ( 504 ) and Trp ( 352 ) Trp ( 504 ) ) or no significant activity ( Phe ( 352 ) Tyr ( 504 ) and Trp ( 352 ) Tyr ( 504 ) ) , whereas single site mutants showed markedly reduced activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At the P ( 2 ) position , His , Phe , Tyr , Asn , or Trp produced cleavage at the amino side of the first basic residue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Substitution of Tyr or His for Phe 707 , but not Leu , Val , Glu , or Trp , partially restored the ability of high [ Ca ( 2+ ) ] ( o ) to activate PLC . ^^^ Phe 802 could be replaced with either Tyr or Trp with partial retention of the ability to activate PLC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Aromatic residues of Trp 33H and Tyr 100iH form a side wall of the pocket and are in van der Waals interactions with the base moieties . ^^^ The Trp 33H side chain is placed in parallel to the 3 ' pyrimidone base , and the Tyr 100iH side chain is nearly perpendicular to the 5 ' thymine base . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although previous results indicate that alpha subunit residues Trp ( 187 ) , Val ( 188 ) , Phe ( 189 ) , Tyr ( 190 ) , and Pro ( 194 ) of the mouse nicotinic acetylcholine receptor are solvent accessible and are in a position to contribute to the alpha bungarotoxin ( alpha Bgtx ) binding site ( Spura , A . , Russin , T . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Tyr 125 of the mutant YAM formed an edge to face pi pi interaction with Phe 124 which also interacts with the Trp 210 with the same interactions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previously Trp , Arg , and Tyr were shown to constitute energetic hot spots . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
After 5 min of ozonation only His , Met , Trp , and Tyr form oxidation products clearly detectable by ESI MS . ^^^ For His , the main oxidation product is formed by the addition of three oxygen atoms , His + 30 ; for Met and Tyr by the addition of one oxygen atom , Met + O and Tyr + O , and for Trp by the addition of two oxygen atoms , Trp + 20 . ^^^ Ozone oxidation occurs rapidly , products are already detected after 30 s of ozonation , and the reactivity order is Met > Trp > Tyr > His . ^^^ His + 30 was assigned as 2 amino 4 oxo 4 ( 3 formylureido ) butanoic acid ( 1 ) formed by oxidation of the His imidazole ring , Met + O as methionine sulfoxide ( 2 ) , Trp + 20 as N formylkynurenine ( 4 ) , and Tyr + O as a mixture of dihydroxyphenylalanines ( 7 and 8 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have mutated the conserved aromatic acids , Trp ( 676 ) , Trp ( 678 ) , Phe ( 691 ) , His ( 692 ) , and Tyr ( 706 ) , together with the neighboring Arg ( 414 ) residue within the H4B binding region of full length neuronal NOS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To study the effect of similar modifications on the thermodynamic behavior and kinetics of partial reactions of the bc ( 1 ) complex upon flash activation , we have constructed four mutant strains of Rb . sphaeroides where Tyr 156 was mutated to His , Leu , Phe , or Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three full length mutated NS 3 proteins containing Tyr ( 392 ) Ala , Val ( 432 ) Gly and Trp ( 501 ) Ala single substitutions , respectively , together with a Tyr ( 392 ) Ala / Trp ( 501 ) Ala double substituted protein were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity . ^^^ Simultaneous replacement of both Tyr ( 392 ) and Trp ( 501 ) with Ala completely abolished all these enzymatic functions . ^^^ The mutant phenotype of the Tyr ( 392 ) Ala and Tyr ( 392 ) Ala / Trp ( 501 ) Ala enzymes , however , represents a completely novel finding . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Absorption , circular dichroism ( CD ) , and UV resonance Raman ( UVRR ) spectroscopies were applied to selectively examine the environmental and structural changes of Trp and Tyr residues in the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase ( PI3K ) SH 3 domain induced by ligand association . ^^^ Comparison of the spectra of PI3K SH 3 in the presence or absence of its ligand peptide RLP 1 ( RKLPPRPSK ) indicated that RLP 1 binding changed the environment of Trp 55 of the SH 3 to be more hydrophilic and its H bonding weaker and that of Tyr residues to be more hydrophobic . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We introduced site directed mutations of Tyr ( 8 ) , Arg ( 14 ) , Trp ( 104 ) , Lys ( 112 ) , Tyr ( 152 ) , Cys ( 156 ) , Lys ( 198 ) , and Leu ( 199 ) , which are presumed to participate in catalysis or PGH ( 2 ) substrate binding based on the crystallographic structure . ^^^ These results indicate that Lys ( 112 ) , Cys ( 156 ) , and Lys ( 198 ) are involved in the binding of PGH ( 2 ) ; Trp ( 104 ) is critical for structural integrity of the catalytic center for GST and PGDS activities ; and Tyr ( 8 ) and Arg ( 14 ) are essential for activation of the thiol group of glutathione . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results showed a thermodynamic stability order ( in order of decreasing stability ) of : Leu , Met , Ile , Tyr , Phe , Val , Gln , Ala , Trp , Asn , His , Thr , Lys , Ser , Asp , Glu , Arg , Orn , and Gly . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the replacement set of amino acids , peptides showing low or no reactivity to 65 10 were ( 175 ) Phe > Asp , Glu , Gly , Lys , Arg , Thr , Val , ( 176 ) Asn > Asp , Glu , Phe , Ile , Lys , Leu , Pro , Val , Tyr , ( 177 ) Asp > Cys , Glu , Phe , Ile , Lys , Leu , Met , Pro , Gln , Arg , Ser , Thr , Val , Trp , Tyr , and ( 178 ) Phe > Pro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Position 2 substitutions containing Asp , Leu , Lys , Met , Phe , Trp , and Tyr , and Ala substitutions at positions 12 and 21 exhibited normal to enhanced GLP 2R binding but greater than 75 % reduction in receptor activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our Raman results indicated that the environment of Trp and of Tyr were not affected during Mg ADP binding to CK . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It was found that Cys ( 62 ) , Trp ( 201 ) , Trp ( 292 ) , and Tyr ( 425 ) were strongly involved in both activities , and that Tyr ( 92 ) , Cys ( 210 ) , Cys ( 285 ) , and Cys ( 286 ) were moderately involved in the activities . ^^^ Mutations of Tyr ( 78 ) , Trp ( 90 ) , and Trp ( 422 ) mainly affected uptake activity , and the K ( m ) values for putrescine uptake by these PotE mutants increased greatly , indicating that these amino acids are involved in the high affinity uptake of putrescine by PotE . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cellular and molecular features of mammalian pigmentation tyrosinase and TRP ] . ^^^ Three pigment cell specific enzymes inside melanosomes are involved in melanogenesis : tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 / DOPA chrome tautomerase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It now appears clear that the polar aromatic residues Trp and Tyr have a specific affinity for a region near the lipid carbonyls , whereas positively charged residues extend into the lipid phosphate region . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , numerous mutations throughout the receptor either reduced SR 146131 agonist potency , Phe ( 97 ) , Gly ( 122 ) , Phe ( 198 ) , Trp ( 209 ) , Ile ( 229 ) , Asn ( 333 ) , Arg ( 336 ) and Leu ( 356 ) or increased it , Tyr ( 48 ) , Cys ( 94 ) , Asn ( 98 ) , Leu ( 217 ) and Ser ( 359 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Molecular modeling of the reactive center loop of kallistatin bound to the reactive crevice of tissue kallikrein indicated that the P 2 residue required a long and bulky hydrophobic side chain to reach and fill the hydrophobic S 2 cleft generated by Tyr ( 99 ) and Trp ( 219 ) of tissue kallikrein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
B . jararacussu bothropstoxins 1 ( BthTX 1 ) and 2 ( BthTX 2 ) were submitted to chemical modifications of : His , by 4 bromophenacyl bromide ( BPB ) or photooxidation by Rose Bengal ( RB ) ; Tyr , by 2 nitrobenzenesulphonyl fluoride ( NBSF ) ; and Trp , by o nitrophenylsulphenyl chloride ( NPSC ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Numerous side chains of amino acids found in extracellular proteins can be modified by hypochlorite , including His , Arg , Tyr , Lys , Trp , and Met . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previously we reported that the N terminal Tyr residue of nsP 4 of Sindbis virus , the type species of the genus Alphavirus , can be substituted with Phe , Trp , or His without altering the wild type phenotype in cultured cells but that other substitutions tested , except for Met , were lethal or quasilethal . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The precise orientation of key residues ( Arg ( 454 ) , Tyr ( 456 ) , Cys ( 472 ) , Gly ( 488 ) , Thr ( 491 ) , and Trp ( 677 ) ) has been defined by 10 ray crystallography ( Wang , M . , Roberts , D . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The well established long range intramolecular electron transfer from Tyr residues to Trp radicals leading to the repair of the semi oxidized Trp * ( Lyz ) and formation of the tyrosyl phenoxyl radical is inhibited by the Trp * ( Lyz ) + O2 * reaction , as is most of the Trp * ( Lyz ) + Trp * ( Lyz ) reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The fluorescence of Trp 214 in the mutant W61F is quenched by dibromostearoylphosphatidylcholine ( di ( Br ( 2 ) C 18 : 0 ) PC ) , whereas the fluorescence of Trp ( 61 ) in the mutant W214F is not quenched by di ( Br ( 2 ) C 18 : 0 ) PC when fluorescence is excited directly through the Trp rather than through the Tyr residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The overall three dimensional structures of the enzymes are composed of similar alpha / beta TIM barrels , and the active site residues Tyr 50 , His 113 , and Trp 114 interacting with the hydrophilic heads of inhibitors are conserved . ^^^ Unlike the IC ( 50 ) values ( concentration of inhibitor giving 50 % of inhibition in solution ) , the Vc ( 50 ) values measured by mass spectrometry ( accelerating voltage of ions needed to dissociate 50 % of a noncovalent complex in the gas phase ) for the two enzymes are similar , and they correlate with the electrostatic and hydrogen bonding energies calculated between the conserved Tyr 50 , His 113 , and Trp 114 and the inhibitors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When amino acids are incubated in the presence of a free radical source [ 2 , 2 ' azobis ( 2 amidinopropane ) dihydrocloride ] , only tyrosine ( Tyr ) and tryptophan ( Trp ) produce significant chemiluminescence . ^^^ The observed increase in light emission with the incubation time , for both Trp and Tyr , would indicate the participation of more than one reaction product as intermediates in the pathways leading to the production of excited molecules . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The major melanosomal proteins include tyrosinase gene family protein ( tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein ; TRP ) , lysosome associated membrane protein ( Lamp ) and gp 100 ( pmel 17 ) . ^^^ Tyrosinase and TRP 1 possess the dileucine motifs at the cytoplasmic domain , to which adapter protein 3 binds to transport them from the TGN to stage 1 melanosomes ( related to late endosomes ) and then to stage 2 melanosomes . ^^^ Because of the absence of TRP 1 and TRP 2 in pheomelanogenesis , it may be suggested that tyrosinase is involved in lysosomal degradation after forming dopaquinone , to which the cysteine present in the lysosomal granule binds to form cysteinyldopas that will then be auto oxidized to become pheomelanin . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
But , in contrast to the human receptor , it also had high affinity for chicken GnRH ( [ Gln ( 8 ) ] GnRH ) and GnRH 2 ( [ His ( 5 ) , Trp ( 7 ) , Tyr ( 8 ) ] GnRH ) ( K ( 1 ) 5 . 3 + / 0 . 5 and 0 . 6 + / 0 . 01 nM ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cation pi effects in the complexation of Na+ and K+ with Phe , Tyr , and Trp in the gas phase . ^^^ Na+ and K+ gas phase affinities of the three aromatic amino acids Phe , Tyr , and Trp were measured by the kinetic method . ^^^ Na+ binds these amino acids much more strongly than K+ , and for both metal ions the binding strength was found to follow the order Phe < or = Tyr < Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The crystal structure of an A 6 Fab IFNgammaR complex revealed an interface rich in the aromatic side chains of Trp , Tyr , and His residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro inhibitory power was good ( in the low nanomolar range ) for the derivatives of beta phenylserine and alpha phenylglycine , for those incorporating hydroxy and mercapto amino acids ( Ser , Thr , Cys , Met ) , hydrophobic amino acids ( Val , Leu , Ile ) , aromatic amino acids ( Phe , His , Trp , Tyr , DOPA ) , and dicarboxylic amino acids as well as di / tri / tetrapeptides among others . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to identify the substrate specificity at P 1 position , Leu Leu Pro 10 Ala Leu ( 10 ; Gly , Ala , Val , Leu , Ile , Pro , Asp , Glu , Lys , Arg , Asn , Gln , Phe , Tyr , Ser , Thr , Met , Trp , His ) were synthesized and digested by cucumisin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Arg , Tyr , Glu , and / or Asp , His , Trp , and Met caused loss of the activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine the amino acid residues related to the catalytic activity of the antibody , we studied the effect of Tyr , Trp , and Lys selective reagents on the catalytic activity and determined the amino acid sequences around the modified amino acid residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The UV difference spectra of TnC ( W ) and TnC ( C ) showed bands at around 280 290 nm due to the perturbation of Tyr and Trp upon Ca ( 2+ ) binding , while TnC ZEQ and TnC ( N ) did not show these bands . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression sites of three prepro gonadotrophin releasing hormones ( GnRHs ) , corresponding to seabream GnRH ( sbGnRH : Ser ( 8 ) mGnRH , mammalian GnRH ) , salmon GnRH ( sGnRH : Trp ( 7 ) Leu ( 8 ) mGnRH ) , and chicken GnRH 2 ( cGnRH 2 : His ( 5 ) Trp ( 7 ) Tyr ( 8 ) mGnRH ) forms were studied in the brain of a perciform fish , the European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) by means of in situ hybridization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Excitation of the N band significantly contributes to the photoreduction , and this is facilitated by the external addition of mannitol , hyaluronic acid , Trp , Tyr , etc . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These changes were interpreted as being due to environmental alterations of tyrosine ( Tyr ) and / or tryptophan ( Trp ) perturbed by tertiary structural changes from the oxy to deoxy form in isolated chains , referring to the CD spectra of model compounds . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results indicated that other amino acid residues besides Cys , such as Trp and Tyr , were also oxidized by H 202 . ^^^ Disulfide dimerization alone seems to play a less important role in HMM aggregation than does the secondary conformational change resulting from the combined effect of the oxidation of Trp and Tyr as well as Cys . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The apparent increase in the rate of iron release from the Trp ( 8 ) > Tyr mutant could be due to the interference of the mutation with the H bond linkage resulting in an effect on the second shell network . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In total , 75 phage clones carrying 43 different peptides were analyzed of which 42 clones carrying 17 different peptides , twelve 12mer and five 7mer peptides , presented a single consensus motif : Leu ( Ile , Val ) Tyr ( Phe , Trp , Leu ) Gly Met ( Ala ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phylogenetic relationships among salamandrids of the `` true ' ' salamander clade are investigated using 2019 aligned base positions ( 713 parsimony informative ) of 20 mitochondrial DNA sequences from the genes encoding ND 1 ( subunit one of NADH dehydrogenase ) , tRNA ( Ile ) , tRNA ( Gln ) , tRNA ( Met ) , ND 2 , tRNA ( Trp ) , tRNA ( Ala ) , tRNA ( Asn ) , tRNA ( Cys ) , tRNA ( Tyr ) , and COI ( subunit 1 of cytochrome c oxidase ) , plus the origin for light strand replication ( O ( L ) ) between the tRNA ( Asn ) and the tRNA ( Cys ) genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A similar phenotype was observed when Trp ( 1246 ) was replaced with Ala , Phe , and Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Adding hydrogen peroxide ( H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) ) to human Mb affords Trp ( 14 ) peroxyl , Tyr ( 103 ) phenoxyl , and Cys ( 110 ) thiyl radicals and coupling of Cys ( 110 ) thiyl radicals yields a homodimer through intermolecular disulfide bond formation ( Witting , P . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phylogenetic relationships among frogs of the genus Rana from western North America are investigated using 2013 aligned bases of mitochondrial DNA sequence from the genes encoding ND 1 ( subunit one of NADH dehydrogenase ) , tRNA ( Ile ) , tRNA ( Gln ) , tRNA ( Met ) , ND 2 , tRNA ( Trp ) , tRNA ( Ala ) , tRNA ( Asn ) , tRNA ( Cys ) , tRNA ( Tyr ) , and COI ( subunit 1 of cytochrome c oxidase ) , plus the origin for light strand replication ( O ( L ) ) between the tRNA ( Asn ) and tRNA ( Cys ) genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A similar value ( 153+ / 33 nM ) was obtained for the complex formed between IgG and the Tyr ( 64 ) > Trp mutant ( Y64W ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In both cell lines , TIP ( 9 39 ) and , to a lesser extent , TIP ( 1 39 ) inhibited the actions of the three agonists with efficiencies similar to those of [ Leu ( 11 ) , D Trp ( 12 ) , Trp ( 23 ) , Tyr ( 36 ) ] PTHrP ( 7 36 ) amide , an established PTH1R antagonist . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To reveal amino acid residues important for biological function of the domain and to investigate the role of calcium in the CBD ( CelK ) four highly conserved aromatic residues ( Trp ( 56 ) , Trp ( 94 ) , Tyr ( 111 ) , and Tyr ( 136 ) ) and Asp ( 192 ) were mutated into alanines , giving the mutants W56A , W94A , Y111A , Y136A , and D192A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The role of conserved N glycan sites in sorting , stability , and activity of tyrosinase family proteins was investigated using two family members from two different species , mouse gp75 / tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 / Tyrp1 and human tyrosinase . ^^^ Potential N linked glycosylation sites on the lumenal domains of mouse gp75 / TRP 1 / Tyrp1 and human tyrosinase were eliminated by site directed mutagenesis ( Asn to Gln substitutions ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We concluded that two basic amino acids ( Lys ( 414 ) and Lys ( 418 ) ) are important for promoter binding and demonstrated distinct roles , at a subsequent step , for two aromatic amino acids ( Tyr ( 430 ) and Trp ( 433 ) ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The length of H CDR 3 was found to be relatively long ( 27 60 nucleotides ) among the polyreactive mAbs and the presence of Tyr and Trp residues in this region seems to be of vital importance for polyreactivity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the relationship between Ar HN interaction and the stability of local and secondary structures of polypeptides and to improve the prediction of this interaction based on amino acid sequence , the structures of 560 nonhomologous proteins , from the Protein Data Bank , were searched for Ar HN interactions between the aromatic ring of each Phe , Tyr , and Trp residue at position 1 and the backbone amide group of any residue , except Pro , at the positions 1 , 1 1 , 1 2 , 1 3 , 1 + 1 , 1 + 2 , and 1 + 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The rank order for free energies is Asp ( ) , Ala > Glu ( ) > Glu ( 0 ) > Trp , Leu , Ser > Asp ( 0 ) , Thr , Gln , Met , Ile > Val , Pro > Lys ( + ) , Arg , His ( 0 ) > Cys , Gly > Phe > Asn , Tyr , His ( + ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast to P 1 Leu , Met , Phe , Trp , and Tyr appearing in other chymotrypsin inhibitors , a P 1 Asn in the novel inhibitor may cause a weak binding ( Ki = 3 . 52 microM ) with chymotrypsin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chemical modifications of His , Lys , Tyr , and Trp residues of PrTX 1 and PrTX 3 were performed , together with cleavage of the N terminal octapeptide by CNBr and inhibition by heparin and EDTA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The chemical modification of Trp or Tyr in tachyplesin , but not Lys or Arg , dramatically reduced the affinity to hemocyanin , suggesting that the binding site is located in the hydrophobic face of tachyplesin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The UVRR spectra of native sperm whale ( sw ) and horse ( h ) Mbs and W7F and W14F swMb mutants for the deoxy and CO bound states enabled us to reveal the UVRR spectra of Trp 7 , Trp 14 , and Tyr 151 residues , separately . ^^^ The difference spectra between the deoxy and CO bound states reflected the environmental or structural changes of Trp and Tyr residues upon CO binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chemical modifications of His ( with 4 bromophenacyl bromide , BPB ) , Tyr ( with 2 nitrobenzenesulphonyl fluoride , NBSF ) , Trp ( with o nitrophenylsulphenyl chloride , NPSC ) and Lys ( with acetic anhydride ) residues of this protein , in addition to cleavage with cyanogen bromide ( CNBr ) and inhibition with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ( EDTA ) , were carried out in order to study their effects on enzymatic and pharmacological activities . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Trp 53 and Tyr 103 most likely participate in hydrophobic stacking interactions with the ligand , while Glu 138 makes one or more important hydrogen bonds with the tetrasaccharide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two competitive PTH / PTHrP receptor antagonists , 10 micromol / l [ Leu ( 11 ) , d Trp ( 12 ) ] hPTHrP ( 7 34 ) amide and 10 micromol / l [ Nle ( 8 , 18 ) , Tyr ( 34 ) ] bPTH ( 3 34 ) amide , were equipotent in antagonizing hPTH ( 1 34 ) stimulated NO release ; [ Leu ( 11 ) , d Trp ( 12 ) ] hPTHrP ( 7 34 ) amide was more potent than [ Nle ( 8 , 18 ) , Tyr ( 34 ) ] bPTH ( 3 34 ) amide in inhibiting hPTHrP ( 1 34 ) stimulated NO release . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : A total of 62 stable TCCs were established from the PBMCs of five patients with VKH ( 28 clones against tyrosinase , 34 clones against tyrosinase related protein [ TRP ] 1 ) . ^^^ Five of 28 TCCs for tyrosinase and 2 of 34 for TRP 1 were reactive to the 30 mer peptides with strong binding sites for HLA DRB1 * 0405 . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : The autoreactive T cells against tyrosinase and / or TRP 1 may contribute to the development of VKH disease . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus five residues ( Gly , Pro , Tyr , Trp , Phe ) and three residues ( Pro , Tyr , Phe ) were found more frequently than expected before and after cis prolines respectively , whereas five residues ( Val , Ile , Leu , Asp , Thr ) and two residues ( Asp , Glu ) were found less frequently . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A detailed pharmacological analysis of receptor mutants possessing either increased constitutive activity or impaired activation or ligand recognition allowed us to propose key residues participating in intramolecular interaction networks stabilizing receptor inactive or active conformations : Asn ( 113 ) and Tyr ( 115 ) ( TM 3 ) , Trp ( 256 ) and Phe ( 259 ) ( TM 6 ) , Tyr ( 295 ) ( TM 7 ) which are homologous of the rhodopsin residues Gly ( 120 ) , Glu ( 122 ) , Trp ( 265 ) , Tyr ( 268 ) , and Lys ( 296 ) , respectively . ^^^ Molecular modeling and mutagenesis data showed that Trp ( 256 ) and Tyr ( 295 ) constitute , together with Gln ( 288 ) , receptor contact points with original nonpeptidic ligands . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In L 1 alanine mutants of Asp ( 8 ) , Asn ( 11 ) , Tyr ( 28 ) , His ( 30 ) , Leu ( 33 ) , Leu ( 56 ) , Phe ( 58 ) , Arg ( 59 ) , and Trp ( 79 ) produced a 2 to 10 fold decrease in affinity and alanine mutation of Phe ( 90 ) resulted in a 23 fold decrease in affinity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The kinetic analyses of Phe 286 replaced variants showed that the variants with non aromatic residues , Ala ( F286A ) and Leu ( F286L ) , have lower enzymatic activities than those with aromatic residues , Tyr ( F286Y ) and Trp ( F286W ) , and the replacement of Phe 286 affects enzymatic activities for CDs more than those for starch . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In high energy collisions ( 50 keV ) between O 2 and protonated amino acids AH+ , radical dications AH2+ * are formed for A = Phe , His , Met , Tyr , and Trp . ^^^ When solvated by water or acetonitrile ( S ) , AH2+ * ( S ) 1 , 2 are formed for A = Arg , His , Met , Tyr , and Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One aryl binding region is located in close proximity to the zinc ion and is defined by the aromatic side chains of Tyr 300beta , Trp 303beta , Tyr 361beta , and Tyr 365beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We utilized the PTHrP analog , [ Bpa ( 2 ) , Ile ( 5 ) , Trp ( 23 ) , Tyr ( 36 ) ] PTHrP ( 1 36 ) amide ( Bpa ( 2 ) PTHrP ( 1 36 ) ) , which has valine 2 replaced by p benzoyl l phenylalanine ( Bpa ) ; this substitution renders the peptide a photoreactive inverse agonist at hP1R ( CAM HR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The second is physiologic and metabolic , and reveals that the ingestion of foods , on either an acute ( single meal ) or chronic basis , can reliably modify the uptake of TRP and TYR into brain ( and hypothalamus ) , and directly alter the synthesis of their transmitters ( 5 HT and the catecholamines , respectively ) . ^^^ The synthesis of these two bodies of information has led to models by which ( 1 ) changes in dietary carbohydrate ingestion , by modifying brain TRP uptake and 5 HT production , may cause like changes in 5 HT release , and in the stimulation of 5 HT receptors in brain circuits that control carbohydrate appetite , and ( 2 ) dietary protein intake , by altering brain TYR uptake , directly influences DA and NE synthesis ( notably in hypothalamus ) , perhaps providing a signal to brain circuits monitoring dietary protein adequacy regarding protein intake . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of the response in successfully treated mice revealed elevated levels of CD 8 ( + ) T cells specific for a nonameric peptide consisting of residues 180 188 of the melanocyte differentiation antigen tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 2 . ^^^ There was no evidence of reactivity to the melanocyte antigens gp 100 , tyrosinase , Mart1 / MelanA , or TRP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These PCaM ( ( 1 75 ) ) sequences naturally contain 5 Phe residues but no Tyr or Trp ; calcium binding was monitored by observing the reduction in intrinsic phenylalanine fluorescence at 280 nm . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because the natural diet of rats , the animal model most commonly used in such studies , typically contains between 6 % and 14 % protein , and may contain less under unfavorable environmental circumstances , rats in the wild may frequently operate on the portion of the protein intake curve producing maximal changes in brain TYR ( and perhaps TRP ) concentrations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ligand binding site consists of residues Trp 35 , Tyr 8 and Asp 23 , which are conserved in all fungal dockerins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sequencing of chymase cleaved profilins reveals hydrolysis at Tyr ( 6 ) Val ( 7 ) and Trp ( 35 ) Ala ( 36 ) in birch profilin and at Trp ( 32 ) Ala ( 33 ) in human profilin , with all sites lying within IgE reactive epitopes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These intermediates ( most probably hydroperoxide like compounds ) would arise from the oxidation of Trp and Tyr residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pre existing immunity to tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 2 , a new TRP 2 isoform , and the NY ESO 1 melanoma antigen in a patient with a dramatic response to immunotherapy . ^^^ This TIL was found to recognize HLA A 2 restricted CTL epitopes in tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 2 ( clone MR 7 ) and NY ESO 1 ( clone M 8 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Substitution of Phe 56 with Trp or Tyr increased the rate of dissociation of the complex , consistent with previously reported results . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The influence of amino acid side chains [ derived from : Ala , Val , Leu , Ile , Phe , Tyr ( Bzl ) , Ser ( Bzl ) , Thr ( Bzl ) , Pro , Trp ] , incorporated into `` aminoalkyl ' ' part of PNA monomers , on the temperature dependent distributions of rotamers about the tertiary amide bond was studied by means of 1H NMR at 0 , 25 and 40 degrees C in CDCl 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the existence of these interactions and to explore their possible role in constraining the structures of Pro Xaa and Xaa Pro fragments in proteins , a database search was performed in a non redundant set of proteins from the Brookheaven Protein Data Bank for pi CH and Ar HN interactions in Pro Xaa and Xaa Pro fragments ( where Xaa is either Phe , Tyr or Trp ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the intramolecular distance between the two helices of the transmembrane procoat protein by measuring fluorescence resonance energy transfer ( FRET ) between the donor ( Tyr ) placed in one helix and the acceptor ( Trp ) placed in the other helix . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These movements reorient the side chains of Trp ( 136 ) and Tyr ( 190 ) for the optimal binding and alignment of the phosphocholine moiety . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The unusual presence of an aromatic amino acid at position 47 ( Tyr in 1 A and Trp in 1 B ) explains the strong preference for alpha anomeric sugars in both isolectins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The MUSIC sequence is combined with selective excitation pulses to create experiments for Trp ( W HSQC ) as well as Phe , Tyr , and His ( FYH HSQC ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The approximately 150 fold higher O ( 2 ) affinity of Ascaris hemoglobin compared with that for Tyr ( B 10 ) / Gln ( E 7 ) containing myoglobin mutants appears to be the result of favorable proximal effects in the Ascaris protein , due to a staggered orientation of His ( F 8 ) , the lack of a hydrogen bonding lattice between the F 4 , F 7 , and F 8 residues , and the presence of a large polar Trp ( G 5 ) residue in the interior portion of the proximal heme pocket . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study the actions of GLP 1 and its related peptides , exendin 4 ( GLP 1R agonist ) , exendin ( 9 39 ) ( GLP 1R antagonist ) and GLP 1 ( 9 36 ) amide ( the major GLP 1 metabolite ) on levels of serotonin ( 5 HT ) , 5 hydroxyindolacetic acid ( 5 HIAA ) and amino acids ( Glu , Asp , Gln , Gly , Tyr , Trp , GABA ) in the hypothalamus were investigated . ^^^ ICV injection of exendin 4 produced a significant reduction in the levels of 5 HT , 5 HIAA , Trp , Glu , and Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
UVRR difference spectroscopy using 244 nm excitation reveals changes to the tyrosine ( Tyr ) and tryptophan ( Trp ) residues of both proteins upon complex formation . ^^^ Avidin has four Trp and only one Tyr residue , while streptavidin has eight Trp and six Tyr residues . ^^^ The Trp and Tyr band changes are due to the exclusion of water and addition of biotin , resulting in a more hydrophobic environment for the binding site residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The immunocytochemical staining of p / p melanoblasts / melanocytes revealed that they are negative to tyrosinase , but reactive to tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 , TRP 2 , and c kit . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to characterize the important amino acid residues in transglycosylation of EGI , three Tyr , one Leu , and two Glu residues of EGI were replaced by Trp or Asp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bimolecular quenching experiments indicated that Trp , Cys , Met , and Tyr are efficient quenchers of DBO ( k ( q ) = 20 , 5 . 1 , 4 . 5 , and 3 . 6 10 10 ( 8 ) M ( 1 ) 10 s ( 1 ) in D2O ) , while the other amino acids are inefficient . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyr and Trp residues on the surface may also contribute by interacting with the carbonyl groups of the acyl chains of target membranes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We prepared ten analogues that were modified by the incorporation of Ala , Tyr , Trp , Met and Arg residues , which are amino acids known to be important for the antibacterial activity of longer derivatives of lactoferricins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inosine and L alanine both play major roles as cogerminants with several other amino acids acting as efficient cogerminants ( His , Pro , Trp , and Tyr combining with L alanine and Ala , Cys , His , Met , Phe , Pro , Ser , Trp , Tyr , and Val combining with inosine ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One site strongly distinguishes free Phe from Trp and Tyr , a specificity not observed previously . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A most important observation was that , whereas no enzyme activity could be detected when Trp 241 was replaced with Ala or Gln , partial preservation of catalytic activity was seen with substitutions by Tyr > Phe > His . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tetrapeptides studied here are H RGDX OH ( 10 = Trp , Tyr , Phe , Leu , Val , Cys , Gln , and Ser ) , which show the inhibitory activity for binding of fibrinogen to platelets in the order of RGDW approximately equal to RGDY approximately equal to RGDF approximately equal to RGDL > RGDV > or = RGDC > or = RGDQ > or = RGDS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The identification of key antigenic residues within these two epitopes revealed that several of them are well conserved in the amino acid sequences of the three main toxins ( Ts 2 , Ts 4 and Ts 7 ) from the venom : Glu 3 , Tyr 5 , Asp 8 , Asp 50 , Trp 55 and Lys 61 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine whether such contacts influence the dNTP binding pocket , we performed a limited vertical scanning mutagenesis ( Phe > Ala , Leu , Trp , or Tyr ) at Phe ( 61 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Role of Trp ( 57 ) and Tyr ( 94 ) . ^^^ PCC 7119 in complex formation and electron transfer ( ET ) with its natural partners , photosystem 1 ( PSI ) and ferredoxin NADP ( + ) reductase ( FNR ) , was examined in mutants of the key residues Trp ( 57 ) and Tyr ( 94 ) . ^^^ Overall , our data indicate that Trp ( 57 ) and Tyr ( 94 ) do not play any active role in flavodoxin redox reactions providing a path for the electrons but are rather involved in setting an appropriate structural and electronic environment that modulates in vivo ET from PSI to FNR while providing a tight FMN binding . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The presence in the P ' 1 position relative to the LysArg doublet of either Phe , Tyr or Trp residues affects only pro OT / Np ( 7 15 ) flexibility . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The third axis of the analysis discriminated the usage of Phe , Tyr , Trp ( aromatic residues ) plus Cys , Met , and His . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Replacing Trp ( 61 ) with another aromatic residue [ Trp ( 61 ) > Tyr ( W61Y ) ] resulted in an increase in all activities ( 14 157 % ) , whereas replacing it with an aliphatic residue [ Trp ( 61 ) > Gly ( W61G ) ] caused a dramatic loss of LCAT ( 90 % ) and PLA ( 2 ) ( 82 % ) activities , but not the esterase activity ( 5 % ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Information transfer by agonist was controlled in residue 356 Galpha ( 11 ) mutants with rank order Tyr > Phe > Trp > Ile > Ala = Gln = Arg > Ser > Asp , although these alterations did not alter the binding affinity of either phenylephrine or an antagonist ligand . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A novel water soluble peptide shelled dendrimer containing a poly ( L glutamic acid ) segment grafted on the third generation poly ( amido amine ) dendrimer was successfully synthesized , and its secondary structural properties and interaction with alpha amino acids ( Trp , Phe , and Tyr ) were revealed by spectroscopic measurements . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , Trp 143 of helix D was mutated to His , Phe , Tyr and Pro and these mutants , along with a W143A mutant previously described , were studied to determine the effects on activation of DNA synthesis and binding affinity to IL 7R positive 2E8 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Comparing mammalian GnRH , avian GnRH and piscine GnRH , sGnRH and sGnRH A showed the highest potency in increasing GH mRNA level and GH release , followed by cGnRH 2 ( [ His ( 5 ) , Tyr ( 8 ) ] LHRH ) , and finally LHRH and LHRH A ( [ D Trp ( 6 ) , Pro ( 9 ) ] LHRH ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The modification order was Tyr > Met = Cys > Lys > Ile + Leu > Gly > Pro = Phe > Thr + Ala > Trp = Ser > Arg > Asp + Glu , with 42 mol of modified residues per initial mole of native enzyme . ^^^ The order of the modified residues was Tyr > Cys > Trp > Met His > Ile + Leu > Val > Arg . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The binding affinity of the purified hPTH1R was slightly lower than membrane embedded hPTH1R ( K ( d ) = 16 . 5 + / 1 . 3 versus 11 . 9 + / 1 . 9 nm ) , and the purified receptors bound rat [ Nle ( 8 , 21 ) , Tyr ( 34 ) ] PTH ( 1 34 ) NH ( 2 ) ( PTH ( 1 34 ) ) , and rat [ Ile ( 5 ) , Trp ( 23 ) , Tyr ( 36 ) ] PTHrP ( 5 36 ) NH ( 2 ) with indistinguishable affinity . ^^^ Maximal displacement of ( 125 ) 1 PTH ( 1 34 ) binding by rat [ alpha aminoisobutyric acid ( Aib ) ( 1 , 3 ) , Nle ( 8 ) , Gln ( 10 ) , Har ( 11 ) , Ala ( 12 ) , Trp ( 14 ) , Arg ( 19 ) , Tyr ( 21 ) ] PTH ( 1 21 ) NH ( 2 ) and rat [ Aib ( 1 , 3 ) , Gln ( 10 ) , Har ( 11 ) , Ala ( 12 ) , Trp ( 14 ) ] PTH ( 1 14 ) NH ( 2 ) of 80 and 10 % , respectively , indicates that both N terminal and juxtamembrane ligand binding determinants are functional in the purified hPTH1R . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When relatively long with respect to the thickness of the bilayer , the peptides that are flanked by the aromatic side chains , Trp , Tyr , and Phe , all induce a significant ordering of the lipid acyl chains , while the peptides flanked by the charged residues Lys , Arg , and His do not . ^^^ Peptides flanked by Trp , Tyr , Lys , or ( at low pH ) His residues are effective in inducing mismatch relieving cubic and inverted hexagonal phases , while analogues flanked by Phe , Arg , or ( at neutral pH ) His residues can not induce an inverted hexagonal phase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since tryptophan prototrophy could also be restored by ochre suppressor mutations at the anticodon sites in the genes for tRNA ( Glu ) ( glnU ) , tRNA ( Lys ) ( lysT ) and tRNA ( Tyr ) ( tyrT , tyrU ) , the Trp ( + ) reversion system with E . coli WP2uvrA detected five types of base substitutions , A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Proteins , and Cys , Met , Trp , Tyr and His side chains in particular , are major targets for 1O2 as a result of their abundance and high rate constants for reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The UVRR spectra indicated appreciable changes of Trp but not of Tyr upon CO binding to the alpha subunit at pH 9 . 0 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Replacement of Trp 33 with the hydrophobic residues Leu and Phe had marginal effects on activity , whereas replacement with the more polar Tyr and Arg reduced activity 10 20 and 500 1000 times , respectively , indicating that Trp 33 and the C terminal part of the helix interact with the hydrophobic core of the membrane . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Quercetin can also repair freely circulating oxidized molecules with repair efficiencies falling to 7 % for oxidized Trp , Tyr and alpha MSH and to less than 2 % for urate radical . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Modifications identified in the crystallin proteins included Ser , Thr , and Tyr phosphorylation , Arg and Lys methylation , Lys acetylation , and Met , Tyr , and Trp oxidations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 , TRP 2 and MART 1 / Melan A mRNA varied from undetectable ( < 10 ( 4 ) transcripts / cell ) to 10 ( 3 ) transcripts / cell , i . e . by a factor > 10 ( 7 ) in the different cell lines . ^^^ Tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 mRNA correlated significantly with the amount of 5 S cysteinyldopa , an intermediate pigment metabolite ( P < 0 . 001 , P < 0 . 001 and P < 0 . 01 , respectively ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ligand induced quaternary structural changes of Tyr and Trp residues did not take place in a concerted way and were different between alpha ( Ni ) beta ( CO ) and alpha ( CO ) beta ( Ni ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the four phenylalanines known to interact with the TATA box were substituted with hydrophilic residues ( His ( 77 ) , Arg ( 94 ) , Tyr ( 171 ) , Thr ( 188 ) ) as has been described for TBP like factors ( TLF ) / TBP related proteins ( TRP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Molar absorptivities of proteinase K digests at 56 degrees C can be predicted by using the following equation : epsilon ( M ) ( 280 ) =5318 10 ( No . of Trp ) + 1227 10 ( No . of Tyr ) + 133 10 ( No . of Cys Cys ) . ^^^ The accuracy of determination does not depend on the size of the protein , Trp / Tyr ratio , presence or absence of certain chromophores , or other structural factors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Quercetin can also repair freely circulating oxidized molecules with repair efficiencies falling to 7 % for oxidized * Trp , Tyr and alpha MSH and to less than 2 % for urate radical . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Twenty seven Trp residues constitute major primary sites of oxidation , but two thirds of oxidized Trps ( ( * ) Trp ) that are formed are repaired by intramolecular electron transfer from Tyr residues with formation of phenoxyl radicals ( TyrO ( * ) ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyr ( 6 ) , Tyr ( 10 ) , Tyr ( 89 ) , Tyr ( 164 ) , and Trp ( 172 ) are proposed as substrate binding residues , a finding consistent with structural sequence alignments of family 11 xylanases and with the three dimensional structure of the A . niger xylanase in complex with the modeled xylobiose . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Site directed mutagenesis of the amino acid residues that are likely to form the active site cavity revealed that the aromatic ring of Tyr ( 224 ) is essential for RppA to select malonyl CoA as a starter substrate , since substitution of Tyr ( 224 ) by amino acids other than Phe and Trp abolished the ability of RppA to accept malonyl CoA as a starter , whereas the mutant enzymes Y224F and Y224W were capable of synthesizing THN via the malonyl CoA primed reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The stimulatory effect of the combined amino acids on bacterial growth declined when each of Leu , Trp , Tyr , Glu , Met , Phe , and Val was removed from the original group of 20 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , the role of a highly conserved Trp residue at position 1242 on MRP 3 transport function was examined by expressing wild type MRP 3 and Ala , Cys , Phe , Tyr , and Pro substituted mutants in human embryonic kidney 293T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
More conservative substitutions ( Tyr and Phe ) of the Trp ( 445 ) , Trp ( 553 ) , and Trp ( 1198 ) mutants resulted in substrate selective retention of transport in some cases ( Trp ( 445 ) and Trp ( 1198 ) ) but not others ( Trp ( 553 ) ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosine ( Tyr ) , phenylalanine ( Phe ) , tryptophan ( Trp ) and other related compounds in both supernatants and hydrolyzates of all incubations were analyzed by HPLC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ab initio calculations are used to compare the abilities of the aromatic groups of the Phe , Tyr , Trp , and His amino acids ( modeled respectively by benzene , phenol , indole , and imidazole ) to form H bonds of three different types . ^^^ His forms the strongest such H bond , followed by Tyr , and then by Trp . ^^^ The strengths of H bonds in this category follow the trend Trp > His > Tyr approximately Phe . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hydrophobic clustering of the side chains of Tyr ( 4 ) , Phe ( 5 ) , Ile ( 8 ) , and Trp ( 10 ) is observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We predict that the conserved portion of Sds 22 folds into a curved superhelix and demonstrate that mutation to alanine of any of eight residues ( Asp ( 148 ) , Phe ( 170 ) , Glu ( 192 ) , Phe ( 214 ) , Asp ( 280 ) , Glu ( 300 ) , Trp ( 302 ) , or Tyr ( 327 ) ) at the concave surface of this superhelix thwarts the interaction with PP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The purified enzyme was rich in Ala , Ser , Leu , and Ile , but poor in Trp , Pro , Tyr , and Met . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 54 amino acids of apisimin do not include Cys , Met , Pro , Arg , His , Tyr , and Trp residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A capillary electrophoresis ( CE ) method for the simultaneous separation of 11 metabolically important organic acids ( oxalic , formic , citric , succinic , orotic , uric , acetic , pyruvic , propionic , lactic , and butyric ) , 10 amino acids ( Asp , Glu , Tyr , Gly , Ala , Ser , Leu , Phe , Lys , and Trp ) , and lactose has been optimized , validated , and tested in dairy products . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Though mutation of this position had only a small effect on the extent of cross linking , it was discovered that peptides containing Trp or Tyr gave a distinctive pattern of products in gels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , intensity increases of the Trp and Tyr Raman bands suggest that the interaction is mediated by hydrophobic contacts and / or hydrogen bond formation with both Trp and Tyr residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human urotensin 2 ( hU 2 ; H Glu Thr Pro Asp cyclo [ Cys Phe Trp Lys Tyr Cys ] Val OH ) is a disulfide bridged undecapeptide recently identified as the ligand of an orphan G protein coupled receptor . hU 2 has been described as the most potent vasoconstrictor compound identified to date . ^^^ The most active peptide , H Asp cyclo [ Orn Phe Trp Lys Tyr Asp ] Val OH ( 3 ) , is approximately 2 logs less potent than hU 2 ( pD ( 2 ) =6 . 3 vs 8 . 4 ) . ^^^ A superposition of the calculated structures of hU 2 and 3 clearly shows that three out of four key residues ( i . e . , Phe ( 6 ) , Lys ( 8 ) and Tyr ( 9 ) ) maintain the same side chain orientation , while the fourth one , Trp ( 7 ) , can not be superimposed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
LS binds L phenylalanine but the mutation from Trp to Tyr or Phe disallows this ligand and expands the binding repertoire to L isoleucine and L valine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The role of putative active site residues , Tyr ( 72 ) , Tyr ( 120 ) , Glu ( 176 ) , Arg ( 179 ) , and Trp ( 208 ) , and two invariant residues , Tyr ( 16 ) and Arg ( 24 ) , proposed to be important for structural stability of saporin 6 , has been investigated in its catalytic and cytotoxic activity . ^^^ We show that for the RNA N glycosidase activity of saporin 6 , residues Tyr ( 16 ) , Tyr ( 72 ) , and Arg ( 179 ) are absolutely critical ; Tyr ( 120 ) and Glu ( 176 ) can be partially dispensed with , whereas Trp ( 208 ) and Arg ( 24 ) do not appear to be involved in this activity . ^^^ The residues Tyr ( 72 ) , Tyr ( 120 ) , Glu ( 176 ) , Arg ( 179 ) , and Trp ( 208 ) were found to be essential for the genomic DNA fragmentation activity , whereas residues Tyr ( 16 ) and Arg ( 24 ) do not appear to be required for the DNA fragmentation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Substance P ( SP ) analogue ( [ d Arg ( 1 ) , d Phe ( 5 ) , d Trp ( 7 , 11 ) ] SP ) blocked , and the hGHRH receptor antagonist ( ( Phenylac Tyr ( 1 ) , d Arg ( 2 ) , p chloro Phe ( 6 ) , Homoarg ( 9 ) , Tyr ( Me ) ( 10 ) , Abu ( 15 ) , Nle ( 27 ) , d Arg ( 28 ) , Homoarg ( 29 ) ) GRF ( 1 29 ) amide ) decreased the stimulatory effect of hGHRH . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , larger aromatic residues Phe , Trp and Tyr are reduced in folds , and these results were not affected by low complexity biases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human LAT 1 mediated transport of [ ( 125 ) 1 ] IMT . [ ( 125 ) 1 ] IMT uptake was decreased by the presence of L isomers of Cys , Leu , Ileu , Phe , Met , Tyr , His , Trp and Val and D isomers of Leu , Phe and Met . ^^^ Human LAT 1 mediated [ ( 125 ) 1 ] IMT uptake was highly stereoselective for the L isomers of Tyr , His , Trp , Val and Ileu . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro inhibitory potency was good ( in the low nanomolar range ) for the derivatives of : amino benzoic acids , beta phenyl serine , alpha phenyl glycine , for those incorporating hydroxy and mercapto amino acids ( Ser , Thr , Cys and Met ) , hydrophobic amino acids ( Val , Leu , Ile ) , aromatic amino acids ( Phe , His , Trp , Tyr ; DOPA ) ; dicarboxylic amino acids as well as di / tri / tetrapeptides among others . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The r A2PICmut , with a C terminal Ala residue , also interacts with r K 1 and K 4 , although with approximately 5 fold lesser affinities relative to r A2PIC , demonstrating that while Lys ( 452 ) plays a major role in the binding , internal residues in r A2PIC tether the kringles . ( 1 ) H NMR spectroscopy shows that key aromatic residues within the K 4 lysine binding site ( LBS ) , namely , Trp ( 25 ) , Trp ( 62 ) , Phe ( 64 ) , Trp ( 72 ) , and Tyr ( 74 ) , selectively respond to the addition of r A2PIC and r A2PICmut , indicating that these interactions proceed via the kringles ' canonical LBS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This catalytic effect of Calix Sn was not observed for the methanolysis of Phe , Tyr , and Trp substrates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report time resolved optical measurements of the primary electron transfer reactions in Rhodobacter capsulatus reaction centers ( RCs ) having four mutations : Phe ( L 181 ) > Tyr , Tyr ( M 208 ) > Phe , Leu ( M 212 ) > His , and Trp ( M 250 ) > Val ( denoted YFHV ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
With the use of long timescale MD simulations in explicit water , we show the role of diagonal interactions in driving the peptide to the correct folded structure ( formation of the hydrophobic core with Trp 2 , Tyr 4 , and Phe 9 in the first stages of refolding ) and in keeping it in the ensemble of folded conformations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Aromatic oxygen or nitrogen containing side chains ( Tyr , His , and Trp ) and sulfur containing side chains ( Cys and Met ) are seldom found in the second coordination layer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The permeabilities ( 10 ( 9 ) cm / s ) of glucose transporter ( GLUT 1 ) proteoliposomes were estimated to be 4 . 6 , 1 . 0 , 1 . 4 and 2 . 1 for D glucose , L glucose , L Tyr and L Trp , respectively ; 15 , 3 . 3 , 5 . 1 and 2 . 1 times higher than the corresponding permeabilities of liposomes . ^^^ These values indicated that GLUT 1 did not transport Tyr or Trp , or transported Tyr , and only Tyr , slowly . ^^^ Dihydrocytochalasin B inhibited the transport of Tyr and , partially , Trp into human red blood cells ( centrifugal analyses ) . ^^^ It did not inhibit Tyr and Trp influx into GLUT 1 proteoliposomes , but partitioned strongly into the bilayers and seemed to make them fragile . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Monosubstitutions of Tyr ( 4 ) and Trp ( 6 ) with alanine resulted in a 10 fold reduction in affinity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The most stable CPA glyoxyl derivative could be efficiently used in the hydrolysis of long chain peptides at high temperature ( e . g . , 60 degrees C ) , being able to release 2 fold more aromatic amino acids ( Tyr , Phe , and Trp ) than the soluble enzyme , under the same operational conditions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of single Trp to Tyr mutations on O acetylserine sulfhydrylase structure , function , and stability was investigated with a variety of spectroscopic techniques . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Exchanging the amino acid of Phe , Trp , or Tyr in this newly identified signature motif cluster may influence these peptides to interact with AR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 ) is a DOPAchrome tautomerase catalyzing a distal step in the melanin synthesis pathway . ^^^ Similar to the other two melanogenic enzymes belonging to the TRP gene family , tyrosinase and TRP 1 , TRP 2 is expressed in melanocytes and melanoma cells . ^^^ Clearly , TRP 2 has a distinct maturation pathway from tyrosinase and TRP 1 and possibly a second regulatory function within the cell . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The nonpolar face of each fucose residue is stacked against the aromatic ring of a Trp or Tyr amino acid , and the methyl group is located in a highly hydrophobic pocket . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tablets of Ketosteril contain five essential amino acids like : Lys , His , Thr , Trp , Tyr and another five amino acids in the form of their hydroxy and keto analogues as calcium salts , that are : alpha ketoleucine , alpha ketoisoleucine , alpha ketovaline , alpha ketophenylalanine and alpha hydroxymethionine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The essence of this method is to introduce a fluorescent residue ( Tyr or Trp ) in a position adjacent to the isomerizing proline ( if one is not already present ) and to eliminate the fluorescence of other such residues adjacent to prolines by mutating them to phenylalanine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recent work on the identification of reactive peroxide intermediates formed on Tyr , His , and Trp residues is discussed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tripeptides containing Trp or Tyr residues at the C terminus had strong radical scavenging activities , but very weak peroxynitrite scavenging activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In autophagic proteolysis , several amino acids have a direct regulatory potential : Leu , Gln , Tyr , Phe , Pro , Met , Trp and His in the liver , and Leu in the skeletal muscle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutation of Tyr ( 79 ) , situated near Cu ( A ) , to Trp reduced 5 ( max ) 200 fold . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Site directed mutagenesis was applied to modify phenylalanines ( Phe ( 475 ) Trp , Phe ( 548 ) Tyr , and both ) to generate mutants on the basis of molecular modeling of the ATP binding domain of Na ( + ) / K ( + ) ATPase , in order to characterize the forces that stabilize ATP in its binding pocket . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have analyzed the geometry of interaction of His residues with nine other planar side chains containing aromatic ( residues Phe , Tyr , Trp , and His ) , carboxylate ( Asp and Glu ) , carboxamide ( Asn and Gln ) and guanidinium ( Arg ) groups in 432 polypeptide chains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The resulting energy function ( IMM 1 ) reproduces the preference of Trp and Tyr for the membrane interface , gives reasonable energies of insertion into or adsorption onto a membrane , and allows stable 1 ns MD simulations of the glycophorin A dimer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
High resolution affinity panning coupled with mass spectrometric readout allows for quick identification of Trp as the preferred fourth residue in the decapeptide ligand APTWSPPPPP , which binds to Abl SH 3 four times stronger than does the decapeptide containing Tyr or Phe in the fourth position . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MCT 8 did not transport Leu , Phe , Trp , or Tyr . [ 125I ] T 4 transport was strongly inhibited by L T 4 , D T 4 , L T 3 , D T 3 , 3 , 3 ' , 5 triiodothyroacetic acid , N bromoacetyl T 3 , and bromosulfophthalein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A novel method for the biosynthesis of deuterated proteins with selective protonation at the aromatic rings of Phe , Tyr and Trp . ^^^ A novel biosynthetic strategy is described for the preparation of deuterated proteins containing protons at the ring carbons of Phe , Tyr and Trp , using the aromatic amino acid precursor shikimic acid . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Direct sequencing analysis of PCR products from his factor 11 gene revealed a G to T transversion in exon 12 , resulting in the nonsense mutation ( Glu447Stop ) and a G insertion in five consecutive guanine nucleotides ( ( 501 ) Trp ( TGG ) ( 502 ) Gly ( GGG ) ) in exon 13 that is expected to lead to the substitution of the last 105 amino acids ( ( 503 ) Tyr ( 607 ) Val ) with 32 abnormal amino acid residues ( ( 503 ) Val ( 534 ) Thr ) followed by stop codon . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cys , Val , Ile , Tyr , Trp and Phe can form a large number of long range contacts easily , and Glu , Lys , Asp , Gln , Arg and Asn can form a large number of long range contacts , but with difficulty . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In C . reinhardtii a Tyr is found at position PsaB 659 instead of a Trp present in all other organisms , whereas in Synechocystis a Phe is found instead of a Trp at the homologous position PsaA 679 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we made additional single mutations such as 219 Ser , Cys , Ile , Asp , Arg , Tyr , and Trp . ^^^ The larger side chains of the replacement residues produced the greatest reduction in enhancement of GABA currents by 4 anesthetics at clinical concentrations ( Trp > Tyr = Phe > Arg > Asp > Ile > Cys > Ser = wild type ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
General comparison of the amino acid composition with mammalian APs showed that cod AP contains fewer Cys , Leu , Met and Ser , but proportionally more Asn , Asp , Ile , Lys , Trp and Tyr residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A set of mutants , in which all Phe residues are replaced by either Ile , Leu , Trp , or Tyr was used to investigate the role of these amino acids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recoveries of Tyr , Met , Val , Leu , Ile , Phe and Trp when added to human plasma ( 1 micromol / 10 ml plasma , n=5 ) were 101 . 5+ / 1 . 1 , 99 . 0+ / 1 . 2 , 98 . 0+ / 1 . 4 , 101 . 1+ / 1 . 6 , 95 . 1+ / 1 . 6 , 99 . 2+ / 1 . 5 and 97 . 7+ / 1 . 3 % ( mean+ / S . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , the surface of the rCC PPP molecule is characterized by a hydrophobic pocket , comprising the 90 loop ( Phe ( 90 ) Val ( 99 ) ) , Tyr ( 172 ) , and Trp ( 215 ) residues , which might be involved in the fibrinogen clotting activity of rCC PPP . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The novel allele , designated Cw * 1606 , differs from Cw * 1601 by two nucleotide changes at positions 361 ( T to A ) and 368 ( A to C ) in exon 3 , which leads to two amino acid changes from Trp ( TGG ) to Arg ( AGG ) and from Tyr ( TAT ) to Ser ( TCT ) at codons 97 and 99 in the alpha 2 domain , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Concentration response curves for tryptamine ( TRP ) , tyramine ( TYR ) , phenylethylamine ( PEA ) , isoamylamine ( IAA ) , and isobutylamine ( IBA ) were obtained . ^^^ Vasoconstrictor mechanisms were investigated for TRP and TYR by the use of antagonists . ^^^ RESULTS : TRP , TYR , and PEA were potent constrictors of arteries and veins , with TRP and TYR being more potent in veins than arteries . ^^^ Constrictions induced by TYR were inhibited by benextramine ( alpha antagonist ) and nisoxetine ( neuronal uptake blocker ) , whereas TRP responses were inhibited by ketanserin ( 5 HT receptor antagonist ) . ^^^ All 5 amines displaced 5 HT from platelets with the order of potency being TYR > TRP > PEA > IAA > IBA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma serotonin concentration was measured by HPLC , and tryptamine ( TRP ) , tyramine ( TYR ) , phenylethylamine ( PEA ) , and isoamylamine ( IAA ) were measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry . ^^^ Plasma TRP , TYR , PEA , and IAA concentrations ranged from 10pM to 100nM in both groups of ponies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Alcalase was observed to have a high specificity for aromatic ( Phe , Trp , and Tyr ) , acidic ( Glu ) , sulfur containing ( Met ) , aliphatic ( Leu and Ala ) , hydroxyl ( Ser ) , and basic ( Lys ) residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to the similarities in biological activity , molecular size and basicity between echotoxin 2 and actinoporins , two prominent structural features , an N terminal amphiphilic alpha helix and an aromatic patch comprising Trp and Tyr residues , both of which are important for the pore forming activity of actinoporins , are also recognized in echotoxin 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three conserved Trp residues and one non conserved Tyr residue , shown previously to be of functional importance ( Koike , K . , Oleschuk , C . ^^^ A fifth aromatic residue ( Phe 594 ) was identified that , with the Trp and Tyr residues , completed a ring or `` basket ' ' of aromatic amino acids and , accordingly , we postulated that it would also be of functional importance . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This notion is further supported by the observation that transition state stabilizing side chains of Tyr and His that operate in some serine and metalloproteases only partially substituted for Trp . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two protein based radical intermediates were also detected and identified as a Tyr . and a Trp . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The discriminative feature of N glycolyl GM 3 versus N acetyl GM 3 , its hydroxymethyl group , is positioned in a hydrophilic cavity , forming hydrogen bonds with the carboxyl group of Asp H 52 , the indole NH of Trp H 33 and the hydroxyl group of Tyr H 50 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Trp , Phe , and Tyr ethyl esters and their dipeptides with Gly at the C terminals inhibited ovalbumin ( OVA ) permeation through Caco 2 monolayers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Substitution of Phe 393 by Ala , His , Tyr , and Trp has allowed us to modulate the reduction potential of the heme , while retaining the structural integrity of the enzyme ' s active site . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Site specific rate constants for the gas phase hydrogen / deuterium ( H / D ) exchange of four , three , five and five hydrogen atoms in protonated phenylalanine ( Phe ) , proline ( Pro ) , tyrosine ( Tyr ) and tryptophan ( Trp ) , respectively , were determined from matrix assisted laser desorption / ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry ( MALDI FTICRMS ) experiments with D ( 2 ) O , D ( 2 ) S , and CH ( 3 ) OD as deuterating agents . ^^^ Also , with both reagents , all compounds exchange at the COOH site more than ten times faster than at the protonation site , with OH and NH sites of Tyr and Trp , respectively , exchanging slowest . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The most stabilizing residues at N 3 in rank order are Ala , Glu , Met / Ile , Leu , Lys , Ser , Gln , Thr , Tyr , Phe , Asp , His , and Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the mechanism of calcium dependent membrane association and obtained the following results . ( 1 ) Membrane binding of 15 lipoxygenase 1 involves electrostatic forces as well as hydrophobic interactions of solvent exposed apolar amino acids ( Tyr ( 15 ) , Phe ( 70 ) , Leu ( 71 ) , Trp ( 181 ) , and Leu ( 195 ) ) with the hydrophobic core of membrane phospholipids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although the 11R oxygenation was not perturbed , changing Leu 384 ( into Phe , Trp ) , Trp 387 ( Phe , Tyr ) , Phe 518 ( Ile , Trp , Tyr ) , and Gly 526 ( Ala , Ser , Thr , Val ) impaired or abrogated PGG 2 synthesis , and typically 11R HETE was the main product formed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The CM activity of this protein complex is feedback inhibited by Tyr and Phe , while DS 1 activity is mainly inhibited by Trp . ^^^ These were characterized as regulatory mutants , derepressed in ( a ) synthesis of CM , now occurring as an abundant , feedback inhibition resistant , separate protein , and ( b ) synthesis of an alternative DAHP synthase ( DS 2 , an E . coli type DAHP synthase ) , only inhibited by Tyr and Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Most of the concentrations vary in a range of 1 . 7 to 3 . 7 microM for Trp and 6 . 6 to 13 . 7 microM for Tyr , which is in the range observed in the literature . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Kinetic data is consistent with proteins being a major target for ( 1 ) O ( 2 ) , with damage occurring preferentially at Trp , His , Tyr , Met , and Cys side chains . ^^^ In the case of Trp and Tyr , initial poorly characterised endoperoxides are believed to undergo ring opening reactions to give hydroperoxides , which can be reduced to the corresponding alcohols ; other products arising from radical intermediates can also be generated , particularly in the presence of UV light and metal ions . ^^^ The peroxides formed on Trp , Tyr , and His peptides , as well as on proteins , have been shown to induce damage to other targets , with molecular oxidation of thiol residues an important reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , an extensive analysis of the aromatic Tyr 10 interactions is performed on a data set of 593 PDB structures , 10 being Phe , His , Tyr , and Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To elucidate such a direct effect of AHAs on melanogenesis , we performed melanin assays , growth curve determinations , Northern and Western blotting for melanogenic proteins [ tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 and TRP 2 ] , and tyrosinase and , 4 dihydroxyphenylalaninechrome tautomerase enzyme activity assays using mouse B 16 and human melanoma cells . ^^^ Although the mRNA and protein expression or molecular size of tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 were not affected , tyrosinase activity was inhibited . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In EP 2 , the ability to stimulate cAMP formation was lost by mutation of Tyr ( 143 ) into Ala but retained by mutations into Phe , Trp , and Leu . ^^^ Consistent with this observation , substitution of the equivalent His ( 140 ) enabled EP3beta to stimulate cAMP formation with the rank order of Phe > Tyr > Trp > Leu . ^^^ Simultaneous mutation of the adjacent Trp ( 141 ) to Ala but not at the following Tyr ( 142 ) weakened the acquired ability to stimulate cAMP levels in the EP 3 mutant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is shown that the endogenous Trp fluorescence of tyrosinase from Streptomyces antibioticus is remarkably sensitive to the redox state . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The bead based peptide library was composed of the general sequence H ( 2 ) N Ala ( 30 ) ( 6 ) Ala resin , where 30 was one of nine representative amino acids : Asp , Gly , His , Leu , Lys , Pro , Ser , Trp , and Tyr . ^^^ All five of the fluorogenic sequences were ionic ; lacked Tyr , His , and Leu ; and most of the sequences contained only one Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chromatographic profiles analyzed by principal components showed that three main peaks on chromatograms , presumptively identified as Tyr , Phe , and Trp , explained most of variability . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Changes observed in the fluorescence spectra of degraded OMVs were also seen in tryptophan ( Trp ) and tyrosine ( Tyr ) derivatives incubated at 56 degrees C , indicating the occurrence of chemical degradation of tryptophan and tyrosine residues in PorA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The authors previously demonstrated the existence of T cell clones in this patient ' s peripheral blood and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes ( TILs ) reactive against multiple antigens , including gp 100 , the tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 2 , a novel TRP 2 isoform TRP 2 6b , SOX 10 , and the melanoma antigen NY ESO 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To clarify this process , the formation and stability of the ferryl forms of the Tyr > Phe and Trp > Phe mutants of recombinant sperm whale myoglobin ( SwMb ) were investigated . ^^^ Replacement of Tyr 146 , Trp 7 , or Trp 14 did not significantly alter the autoreduction , indicating that these residues do not contribute to ferryl reduction despite the fact that Tyr 146 is closer to the iron than Tyr 151 or Tyr 103 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Only aromatic ( Phe , Tyr , Trp ) or negatively charged ( Glu ) residues reduce 5 ( 1b ) affinity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We further investigated the chi ( 1 ) effects , which were found to account for differences in ( 15 ) N chemical shifts by approximately 5 ppm for amino acids Val , Ile , Thr , Phe , His , Tyr , and Trp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As for X 2 amino acids , the presence of Pro , Ala can provide a strong , while Tyr , Trp , Phe and Ser a weaker , peptide antibody interaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterizing the oxidation reactions of these two acidic residues extends the number of useful side chain probes for hydroxyl radical mediated protein footprinting from 10 ( Cys , Met , Trp , Tyr , Phe , Arg , Leu , Pro , His , Lys ) to 12 amino acid residues , thus enhancing our ability to map protein surface structure and in combination with previously identified basic amino acid probes can be used to examine molecular details of protein protein interactions that are driven by electrostatics . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue transglutaminase acylation : Proposed role of conserved active site Tyr and Trp residues revealed by molecular modeling of peptide substrate binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One of the main experimental strategies used for the study of myotoxic PLA2s is the traditional chemical modification of specific amino acid residues ( His , Met , Lys , Tyr , Trp and others ) and examination of the consequent effects upon the enzymatic , toxic and pharmacological activities . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three types of regions were present in the hydrophobic core of both proteins : stabilizing clusters and destabilizing clusters , defined as three or more consecutive core residues of either stabilizing ( Leu , Ile , Val , Met , Phe , and Tyr ) or destabilizing ( Gly , Ala , Cys , Ser , Thr , Asn , Gln , Asp , Glu , His , Arg , Lys , and Trp ) residues , and intervening regions that consist of both stabilizing and destabilizing residues in the hydrophobic core but no clusters . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The highest kcat / Km values were obtained with neutral amino acid residues with large aliphatic and non polar ( Leu , Val , Ile , Met ) or aromatic ( Phe , Tyr , Trp ) side chains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects on virus viability and reverse transcriptase ( RT ) function of substituting Trp for Tyr or Phe residues within the polymerase domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) RT have been analyzed with an infectious HIV 1 clone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our engineered MetAPs are able to remove the Met from bulky or acidic penultimate residues , such as Met , His , Asp , Asn , Glu , Gln , Leu , Ile , Tyr , and Trp , as well as from small residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Whereas detection of the adducts with Tyr and His was expected , the adducts with Trp and Phe , and a Lys adduct containing two MIC moieties , were probably analytical artifacts resulting from the transcarbamoylation during globin hydrolysis rather than products of direct carbamoylation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to confirming the importance of the widely known hydrogen bonding , we found out that cation pi interactions between adenine base and positively charged residues ( Lys and Arg ) and pi pi stacking interactions between adenine base and surrounding aromatic residues ( Phe , Tyr , Trp ) are also crucial for adenine binding in proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The second order rate constants ( 22 degrees C , pH 7 . 4 ) for reaction with protein sites vary by 8 orders of magnitude and decrease in the order Cys > Trp approximately Met approximately His approximately alpha amino > disulfide > Lys approximately Tyr > > Arg > backbone amides > Gln / Asn . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Trp 20 and Tyr 193 are involved in substrate binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since the tertiary structure of AAL was determined recently to be a six bladed beta propeller fold , and five fucose binding sites per subunit were found , based on positions of Tyr residues in the tertiary structure , three classes of mutants were constructed : 1 ) Tyr on the 2nd beta strand of each blade ( beta 2 mutants ) , 2 ) Tyr or Trp on the 3rd beta strand ( beta 3 mutants ) , and 3 ) Tyr outside of binding sites ( other Y mutants ) . ^^^ Mutagenesis of Tyr or Trp at the corresponding locations in Sites 3 and 5 did not lead to a reduction in activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The oxidation of peptide thiols by hydrogen peroxide was shown to proceed under mild conditions without noticeable side reactions of Trp , Tyr , and Met residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The electronic spectroscopic study confirms that only photosensitiser 1 is able to mediate photooxidation of model compounds ( BSA , poly ( Trp ) , Tyr , Trp , and GMP ) after light irradiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
System A transports Pro , Ala , His , Asn , Ser , and Gln ; system ASC transports Ser , Gly , Met , Val , Leu , Ile , Cys , and Thr ; system N transports Gln , His , Ser , and Asn ; Na+ LNAA transports Leu , Ile , Val , Trp , Tyr , Phe , Met , Ala , His , Thr , and Gly . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutants in which Asn 266 was changed into Phe , Gln , Trp and Tyr displayed up to twofold better catalytic efficiency ( k ( cat ) / K ( m ) ) than the wild type enzyme when adipyl 7 aminodesacetoxycephalosporanic acid ( adipyl 7 ADCA ) was used as substrate , due to a decreased K ( m ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The structural analysis of cation pi interaction forming residues shows that Lys , Trp , and Tyr prefer to be in the binding site of protein DNA complexes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
High resolution crystallographic structures of the Trp ( 249 ) Gly mutant and the Trp ( 314 ) Tyr mutant indicate that the mutations do not affect the overall structure of the enzyme or its interactions with ligands . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using selective amino acid reagents , we concluded that Cys , Trp , Arg and Tyr seem to play important roles in the carbarylase activity of HSA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Agonist binding and activation of the rat beta ( 1 ) adrenergic receptor : role of Trp ( 134 ( 3 . 28 ) ) , Ser ( 190 ( 4 . 57 ) ) and Tyr ( 356 ( 7 . 43 ) ) . ^^^ We investigated the role of Trp ( 134 ( 3 . 28 ) ) , Ser ( 190 ( 4 . 57 ) ) and Tyr ( 356 ( 7 . 43 ) ) in agonist binding to , and activation of , the rat beta ( 1 ) adrenergic receptor by comparing pK ( 1 ) s and functional responses of W134A , S190A and Y356F mutant receptors to wild type , all stably expressed in CHO cells . ^^^ In a three dimensional model of the rat beta ( 1 ) adrenergic receptor , Trp ( 134 ( 3 . 28 ) ) and Tyr ( 356 ( 7 . 43 ) ) form part of a hydrophobic binding pocket involving residues in transmembrane helices 1 , 2 , 3 and 7 . ^^^ Our results suggest that Trp ( 134 ( 3 . 28 ) ) and Tyr ( 356 ( 7 . 43 ) ) , together with Trp ( 353 ( 7 . 40 ) ) , are able to interact via pi pi interactions to stabilize the extracellular ends of transmembrane helices 3 and 7 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previous work has shown that alpha keto acids produced from Trp , Tyr , and Phe by aminotransferase enzymes are chemically labile and may degrade spontaneously into a variety of off flavor compounds . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They contain an unusual covalent distal side adduct with the side chains of Trp ( 122 ) , Tyr ( 249 ) , and Met ( 275 ) ( Synechocysis KatG numbering ) . ^^^ As shown by mass spectrometry and EPR spectra , the KatG typical adduct is intact in both Arg ( 439 ) variants , as is the case of the wild type enzyme , whereas in the M275I variant the covalent link exists only between Tyr ( 249 ) and Trp ( 122 ) . ^^^ The EPR data strongly suggest that the sequence of intermediates formed in the absence of a one electron donor substrate , is por ( . ) ( + ) > Trp ( . ) ( or Trp ( . ) ( + ) ) > Tyr ( . ) . ^^^ The M275I variant did not form the Trp ( . ) species because of the dramatic changes on the heme distal side , most probably induced by the repositioning of the remaining Trp ( 122 ) Tyr ( 249 ) adduct . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study brings further the description of occurrence of potential glycosylation sites in pre pro sequences and in mature enzymes as well as important amino acid residues , such as aspartates , cysteines , histidines and other aromatic residues ( Tyr , Phe and Trp ) , with discussion of their possible function in the activity of PMEs . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Catabolism precedes anabolism for Asn , Gln , Arg , Trp , His , Tyr , and Phe , and anabolism precedes catabolism for Pro , Ala , Leu , Val , Ile , Cys , Gly , Ser , and Thr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ligand induced conformational changes affecting Tyr ( 101 ) and the Trp ( 18 ) bearing alpha helix H 1 appear to play a central role in catalysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For example , feedback regulated enzymes of the shikimate pathway are anthranilate synthase on the branch leading to Trp and chorismate mutase on the branch leading to Phe and Tyr . ^^^ Mutants resistant to Phe have not previously been reported , and this article describes the isolation of the recessive Arabidopsis Phe insensitive growth mutant pig 1 1 by a forward genetic screen . pig 1 1 was not only tolerant to Phe , Tyr , and Trp , but also to other , not biosynthetically related amino acids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Direct EPR and spin trapping studies showed that NO 2 , but not * NO , induced the formation of globin Tyr , Trp , and Cys centered radicals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In particular , the interactions of aromatic amphipathic side chains ( i . e . , Trp , Tyr ) with lipid headgroups , and `` snorkeling ' ' interactions of basic side chains ( i . e . , Lys , Arg ) with phosphate groups are explored . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three major clusters of mitochondrial tRNA genes ( tRNA ( Ile ) tRNA ( Gln ) tRNA ( Met ) , tRNA ( Trp ) tRNA ( Ala ) tRNA ( Asn ) tRNA ( CYs ) tRNA ( Tyr ) and tRNA ( His ) tRNA ( Ser ) ( AGY ) tRNA ( Leu ) ( CUN ) from 13 species of Predatory birds were amplified and sequenced . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chitinase B ( ChiB ) of S . marcescens has five exposed aromatic residues linearly aligned toward the catalytic cleft , Tyr 481 and Trp 479 in the C terminal domain , and Trp 252 , Tyr 240 and Phe 190 in the catalytic domain . ^^^ Substitution of Trp residues affected the binding activity more severely than that of Tyr residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chemical modification of the His , Lys , Trp , and Tyr residues caused a decrease in percentage of bound UCN 01 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The p OAc substituent on the C 1 phenyl ring is oriented in a hydrophobic pocket comprised of Met ( 522 ) , Gly ( 526 ) , Trp ( 387 ) , Tyr ( 348 ) , and Tyr ( 385 ) , and the C 2 ethyl substituent is oriented towards the mouth of the COX 2 channel in the vicinity of amino acid residues Arg ( 120 ) , Leu ( 531 ) , and Val ( 349 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Binding site mapping resulted in seven new potential aromatic interaction points ( Tyr 108 , Phe 184 , Phe 190 , Phe 199 , Phe 424 , Trp 428 , Tyr 431 ) , that took part in forming the lipophilic pocket of the antagonist binding cavity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Trp and Tyr favor side chain conformations that allow their side chains to extend their polar atoms out of the membrane core , thereby aligning the side chain polarity gradient with the polarity gradient of the membrane . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Indian cataract lenses ( n=39 ) and normal lenses ( n=6 ) were examined by HPLC to quantify levels of UV filter compounds , the UV filter precursor amino acid tryptophan ( Trp ) , as well as tyrosine ( Tyr ) and uric acid . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : The levels of the free UV filter compounds 3OHKG and AHBG , and also of Trp , Tyr , and uric acid were different in cataract lenses compared to normal lenses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The recently solved crystal structures of the AID Ca ( 5 ) beta complex in Ca ( 5 ) 1 . 1 / 1 . 2 have revealed that this interaction occurs through a set of six mostly invariant residues Glu / Asp ( 6 ) , Leu ( 7 ) , Gly ( 9 ) , Tyr ( 10 ) , Trp ( 13 ) , and Ile ( 14 ) ( where the superscript refers to the position of the residue starting with the QQ signature doublet ) distributed among three alpha helical turns in the proximal section of the 1 2 linker . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
From the different response of Trp and Tyr residues , as monitored by fluorescence and 4th derivative absorbance changes , the C terminal domain carrying all the Trp residues seemed to exert structural changes at relatively lower pressure . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As FI increased , the SID decreased linearly ( P < 0 . 04 ) for CP and all AA , except Arg , Trp , Asp , Pro , and Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Replacing the Phe 195 of cytochrome b with Tyr , His , or Trp results in mutant complexes ( F195Y , F195H , or F195W ) having the same ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase activity as the wild type . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The conserved , single Trp residue ( Trp 17 ) and three Tyr residues determine the fluorescence properties of Ag NPA 1 . ^^^ Analysis of the efficiency of the energy transfer between these chromophores shows a high degree of Tyr Trp dipole dipole coupling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The modifications in the sequence were introduced at position 6 , resulting in the four peptides , [ Tyr ( 6 ) ] KL ( YKL ) , [ Trp ( 6 ) ] KL ( WKL ) , cyclo ( [ Tyr ( 6 ) ] KL ) ( YCKL ) and cyclo ( [ Trp ( 6 ) ] KL ) ( WCKL ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Melanocytes characterized by the activities of tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 and TRP 2 as well as by melanosomes and dendrites are located mainly in the epidermis , dermis and hair bulb of the mammalian skin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gene expression of RPE 65 , CRALBP , bestrophin , and tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 2 was upregulated in RPE cells cultured on AM compared to cells cultured on plastic . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results indicate that among the various groups present in proteins only the side chains of Cys , His , Tyr and Phe are able to quench Trp phosphorescence at a detectable rate ( k ( obs ) > 40 s ( 1 ) ) , with the quenching effectiveness for rotationally unrestricted side chains ranking in the order Cys > > His+ > Tyr > > Phe approximately His . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CONCLUSIONS : A 62 g BCAA / TRP mixture decreases the availability of TYR and PHE for brain catecholamine synthesis and increases plasma prolactin consistent with lowered brain dopamine function . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 1 and 2 regulate the main steps in melanin synthesis and are immune targets in skin cancer or autoimmune pigmentary disorders . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Substitutions of this Phe 88 by Tyr , Trp , or His shifted the obelin bioluminescence to shorter wavelength with F88Y having lambdamax=453 nm . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The key residues of Pdx located at the center , Asp ( 38 ) and Trp ( 106 ) , and at the edge of the protein protein interface , Tyr ( 33 ) and Arg ( 66 ) , were mutated to test the Pdr Pdx computer model . ^^^ The electron accepting ability of Delta 106 Pdx was similar to that of the wild type protein , whereas electron transfer rates from Pdr to other mutants were diminished to various degrees with the smallest and largest effects on the kinetic parameters of the Pdr to Pdx electron transfer reaction caused by the Trp ( 106 ) and Tyr ( 33 ) / Arg ( 66 ) substitutions , respectively . ^^^ Experimental results were in agreement with theoretical predictions and suggest that : ( 1 ) Pdr Pdx complex formation is mainly driven by steric complementarity , ( 2 ) bulky side chains of Tyr ( 33 ) , Arg ( 66 ) , and Trp ( 106 ) prevent tight binding of oxidized Pdx and facilitate dissociation of the reduced iron sulfur protein from Pdr , and ( 3 ) transfer of an electron from FAD to [ 2Fe 2S ] can occur with various orientations between the cofactors through multiple electron transfer pathways that do not involve Trp ( 106 ) but are likely to include Asp ( 38 ) and Cys ( 39 ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
KK 13 and KK 14 both feature AAHA in the Arg ( 8 ) position and tert Leu in the Ile ( 12 ) position while KK 14 includes a Trp substituted for Tyr ( 11 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two pairs of solvent exposed amino acids , Tyr ( 1956 ) / Leu ( 1957 ) in the C 1 domain and Trp ( 2063 ) / Trp ( 2064 ) in the C 2 domain , each make significant contributions to the affinity of FVa for PS membranes , but individually neither pair of amino acids is required for prothrombinase assembly on 25 % PS membranes . ^^^ We conclude that : ( 1 ) prothrombinase assembly on PS membranes requires Trp ( 2063 ) / Trp ( 2064 ) and / or Tyr ( 1956 ) / Leu ( 1957 ) ; ( 2 ) combined mutation of Trp ( 2063 ) / Trp ( 2064 ) and Tyr ( 1956 ) / Leu ( 1957 ) results in only a modest 4 fold decrease in the rate of thrombin generation in the absence of membranes ; ( 3 ) the present data provide experimental support for the joint participation of the C 1 and C 2 domains in the binding of FVa to phospholipid membranes as suggested by the recently solved structure for FVai ( A1 / A3 C 1 C2 ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Simultaneously , oxidation of the tyrosine ( Tyr ) and tryptophan ( Trp ) residues of the SSB protein increased upon binding of the SSB protein to ssDNA and ss oligonucleotides . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The spectra are interpreted in combination with known Raman tensors for modes of the pVIII main chain ( amide 1 ) and Trp and Tyr side chains to reveal the following structural features of PH 75 : ( 1 ) The average pVIII peptide group is oriented with greater displacement from the virion axis than peptide groups of fd , Pf 1 , or Pf 3 . ^^^ The data correspond to an average helix tilt angle of 25 degrees in PH 75 vs 16 degrees in fd , Pf 1 , and Pf 3 . ( 2 ) The indolyl ring of Trp 37 in PH 75 projects nearly equatorially from the subunit alpha helix axis , in contrast to the more axial orientations for Trp 26 of fd and Trp 38 of Pf 3 . ( 3 ) The phenolic rings of Tyr 15 and Tyr 39 project along the subunit helix axis , and one phenoxyl engages in hydrogen bonding interaction that has no counterpart in either fd or Pf 1 tyrosines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Accordingly , tetrapeptides were synthesized with Phe ( 3 ) replaced by aliphatic ( Gly , Ala , Aib , Cha ) , basic ( Lys , Arg , homo Arg ) , or aromatic sides chains ( Trp , Tyr , p NH ( 2 ) Phe ) , and with d Pen ( 4 ) replaced by d Cys ( 4 ) , and binding affinities to stably expressed mu , delta , and kappa receptors were determined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The photochemical reaction of Trp and Tyr and related peptides with Suprofen ( SUP ) as sensitizer in H2O / CH3CN ( 28 : 1 v / v ) solutions has been studied by time resolved spectroscopy . ^^^ The results show that SUP induces oxidation of both Trp and Tyr , as well as intramolecular ET reactions in the related peptides . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results demonstrated that the interaction of protonated N 1 of the piperazine ring with Asp 86 ( III . 32 ) and edge to face interactions of the aromatic ring of the arylpiperazine part of the ligand with Phe 178 ( VI . 44 ) , Trp 182 ( VI . 48 ) and Tyr 216 ( VII . 58 ) of the receptor , represent the major stabilizing forces . ^^^ Phe 178 ( VI . 44 ) , Trp 182 ( VI . 48 ) and Tyr 216 ( VII . 58 ) can be considered as a part of the ancillary DAR D 2 pocket preserved in most G protein coupled receptors of the A class and obviously , the arylpiperazine structural motif represents one of the privileged structures that bind to this pocket . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Raman and UVRR signatures of PH 75 are also distinguished from those of fd , Pf 1 , and Pf 3 by several marker bands that are indicative of hydrophilic Trp and Tyr environments , including hydrogen bonding interactions of aromatic ring substituents . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To do so , we created two polypeptides , modeled after the 39 40 amino acid Defensin class of proteins , which contained exclusively the five least ( PepAA ; His , Trp , Tyr , Phe , Met ) , or most ( PepCO : Ala , Glu , Gln , Asp , Asn ) abundant amino acids in E . coli . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The quantum efficiency to Q ( B ) via the B branch Phi ( B ) ranged from 0 . 4 % in an RC containing the single mutation Ala M 260 > Trp to 5 % in a quintuple mutant which includes in addition three mutations to inhibit transfer along the A branch ( Gly M 203 > Asp , Tyr M 210 > Phe , Leu M 214 > His ) and one to promote transfer along the B branch ( Phe L 181 > Tyr ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although the active site amino acid residues of YiiL ( His , Tyr , and Trp ) differ greatly from those of galactose mutarotase ( His , Glu , and Asp ) , their geometries , which determine the structures of the preferred monosaccharide substrates , are conserved . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The second order rate constants decrease in a similar order ( Cys > Met > disulfide bonds > Trp approximately alpha amino > Lys > > Tyr > backbone amides > Arg ) to the corresponding reactions of HOCl , but are typically 5 25 times slower . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The experimental data were interpreted on the basis of the results of the analysis of Trp and Tyr microenvironments taking into the account the data for GlnBP mutated forms Trp32Phe ( Tyr ) and Trp220Phe ( Tyr ) , which have been obtained by Axelsen et al . ( Biophys . ^^^ This allowed us to explain the negligible contribution of Tyr residues to the bulk fluorescence of the native protein , the similarity of the fluorescence characteristics of GlnBP and GlnBP / Gln , and the uncommon effect of the excess of the fluorescence intensity at 365 nm ( Trp emission ) upon excitation at 297 nm respect to the excitation at 280 nm . ^^^ The protein Trp fluorescence dependence on the excitation wavelength must be taken into account for the evaluation of the Tyr residues contribution to the bulk fluorescence of protein , and in principle , it also may be used for the development of an approach for the decomposition of a multicomponent protein fluorescence spectrum . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In particular , the fact that formation of a complex of GlnBP and Gln , which essentially changes the global structure of protein , affects only insignificantly the microenvironments of tryptophan residues elucidates the similarity of the emission spectra of GlnBP and the GlnBP Gln complex , and the existence of quenching groups near tyrosine residues and an effective nonradiative Tyr > Trp and / or Tyr > Tyr > Trp energy transfer provide an explanation for the negligibly small contribution of tyrosine to the bulk fluorescence of the native protein and for its increase in protein unfolding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A statistical picture of amino acids involved in protein protein interactions indicates that proteins recognize and interact with one another through the restricted set of specialized interface amino acid residues , Pro , Ile , Tyr , Trp , Asp and Arg . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Double label immunocytochemistry showed GnRH 1 ( Ser ( 8 ) GnRH ) immunoreactive neuronal processes projecting mainly to the proximal pars distalis of the pituitary , while GnRH 2 ( His ( 5 ) , Trp ( 7 ) , Tyr ( 8 ) GnRH ) and GnRH 3 ( Trp ( 7 ) , Leu ( 8 ) GnRH ) fibers were observed in close association with cells containing GnRH RIB and GnRH RIII in the brain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The main features of ligand D 2 receptor interactions revealed by docking analyses were : salt bridge between piperazine ring protonated N 1 and Asp 86 , hydrogen bonds of ligand bezimidazole part with Ser 141 , Ser 122 and His 189 , edge to face interactions of arylpiperazine aromatic ring with Phe 178 , Tyr 216 and Trp 182 and hydrogen bond between ethereal oxygen in ethylenoxy ligands and hydrogen of Phe 185 or Trp 115 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ratio 10 = T Delta ( FR ) S / Delta ( FR ) 5 = ( 55 + / 9 ) kJ cm ( 3 ) for Trp as 3FMN quencher is smaller than 10 = ( 83 + / 9 ) kJ cm ( 3 ) for Tyr as quencher . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A series of 10 synthetic peptide variants , based on the original C terminal sequence 115 129 of myotoxin 2 and its triple Tyr > Trp substituted peptide p 115 W3 , were characterized . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The use of SDS at pH 13 . 0 gives a good resolution of Tyr and Trp peaks . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : It has been suggested that the ratio of tryptophan ( TRP ) and tyrosine ( TYR ) to other large neutral amino acids may predict response to antidepressant drugs with predominantly serotonergic compared with predominantly noradrenergic activity and that this may be clinically useful . ^^^ METHOD : 147 subjects with a DSM 3 R diagnosis of major depression underwent a detailed clinical evaluation and prior to treatment had baseline measures of TRP , TYR and other large neutral amino acids ( LNAA ) , prolactin and cortisol . ^^^ RESULTS : There was no main effect on 6 week outcome of TRP / LNAA ratio or TYR / LNAA ratio and no interaction between these factors and treatment ( fluoxetine vs nortriptyline ) . ^^^ LIMITATIONS : Alterations in antidepressant dose were allowed therefore possibly reducing the effect of TRP or TYR availability on response . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Previous findings that TRP / LNAA and TYR / LNAA ratios may predict differential response to antidepressants were not replicated and neither was our previous finding of a complex relationship between TRP / LNAA and baseline prolactin in predicting 6 week response . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The presence of an aromatic residue ( Trp , Phe , Tyr ) facing the nonpolar face of galactose is a common feature of galactose specific lectins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Methionine 42 , distal to the active site of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase , was substituted by site directed mutagenesis with 14 amino acids ( Ala , Cys , Glu , Gln , Gly , His , Ile , Leu , Pro , Ser , Thr , Trp , Tyr , and Val ) to elucidate its role in the stability and function of this enzyme . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A series of zinc complexes with dipeptide ligands of the type Dpg Xaa was synthesized , where Dpg is dipicolylglycine and Xaa is phenylalanine ( Phe ) , tyrosine ( Tyr ) , tryptophan ( Trp ) , 2 naphthylalanine ( Nal ) , or glycine ( Gly ) . ^^^ This binding mode was , for the first time , characterized by 10 ray structure analyses of the electrically neutral complexes [ ( Dpg Phe ) ( H ) Zn ] , [ ( Dpg Tyr ) ( H ) Zn ] , [ ( Dpg Trp ) ( H ) Zn ] , and [ ( Dpg Nal ) ( H ) Zn ] . ^^^ The pKa values for amide nitrogen deprotonation were determined by 1H NMR titrations { [ ( Dpg Phe ) Zn ] , 7 . 17 ; [ ( Dpg Tyr ) Zn ] , 6 . 85 ; [ ( Dpg Trp ) Zn ] , 6 . 85 ; [ ( Dpg Nal ) Zn ] , 6 . 64 ; [ ( Dpg Gly ) Zn ] , 8 . 54 } . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The human gonadotropin releasing hormone ( GnRH ) receptor is evolutionarily configured for high affinity binding of GnRH 1 ( [ Tyr ( 5 ) , Leu ( 7 ) , Arg ( 8 ) ] GnRH ) but at lower affinity for GnRH 2 ( [ His ( 5 ) , Trp ( 7 ) , Tyr ( 8 ) ] GnRH ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A common and striking feature of these receptors is the large fraction ( up to 42 % ) of residues with anionic sidechains ( Asp , Glu , and benzene anions Tyr , Trp , and Phe ) in the N terminal extracellular domain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The C terminal domain contains a terminal Phe ( F 38 ) , a single Trp ( W 28 ) and a single Tyr ( Y 25 ) that may act together to anchor the protein in the membrane . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A simple and versatile cation exchange chromatography technique for the simultaneous determination of urinary creatinine ( Cre ) , creatine ( Crn ) , methionine ( Met ) , tyrosine ( Tyr ) , phenylalanine ( Phe ) , histidine ( His ) , and tryptophan ( Trp ) was developed . ^^^ The analytes , Crn , Met , Tyr , His , Cre , Phe , and Trp , were well separated in this order in 27 min with minimum resolution of approximately 2 , and the cycle time was about 35 min . ^^^ Calibration lines based on area data were linear from 1 to 1000 microM with r 2 values of 0 . 9998 ( Crn ) , 0 . 9998 ( Met ) , 0 . 9999 ( Tyr ) , 0 . 9999 ( His ) , 1 . 0000 ( Cre ) , 1 . 0000 ( Phe ) , and 0 . 9999 ( Trp ) . ^^^ The ratios of Tyr / Cre , Phe / Cre , and Trp / Cre for Lowe syndrome were 0 . 497 , 0 . 321 , and 0 . 495 , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The growth inhibition caused by Phe was also alleviated by supplementing with Trp , and was completely negated by adding Tyr . ^^^ Among the antagonistic AA , Leu , Val , Trp , Tyr , and Glu were indispensable for the maximum growth rate of the ruminal bacteria under the experimental condition of supplementation of amino N , the removal of which from a mixture of 20 protein AA caused the growth rate to decline . ^^^ Removals of Ile along with Leu or Val or both , of Phe along with Trp or Tyr , and of Thr along with Glu recovered the promotion of bacterial growth rate . ^^^ It was concluded that inhibitions of the bacterial growth rate caused by Ile , Phe , or Thr could be antagonized by some other AA ( Leu , Val , Tyr , Trp , or Glu ) , and the role of these latter AA as relievers of the inhibitory effects could explain why they are indispensable for maximum growth rate of ruminal bacteria . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We now report that binding sites for nitroaromatics can be built within the lumen of the alphaHL pore from simple rings of seven aromatic amino acid side chains ( Phe , Tyr or Trp ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mean recovery of serotonin in platelet was 97 . 5 % , the linear range was 20 20000 nmol / L , and the detection limit was 1 nmol / L . 5 hydroxyindole acetic acid ( 5 HIAA ) , Trp , Phe and Tyr had no interference with the chromatographic condition used in this trial . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To elucidate how Tyr ( 350 ) determines alpha 1 , 4 specificity , mutants Tyr ( 350 ) > Phe , Tyr ( 350 ) > Trp , and Tyr ( 350 ) > Gly were constructed in UA948FucT . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Crystal growth of calcium oxalate ( CaC2O4 ) in bulk aqueous solution , reverse microemulsion of p octyl polyethylene glycol phenylether ( OP ) / iso octyl alcohol ( IOA ) / cydohexane / water and above microemulsions containing different kinds of amino acids , such as aspartic acid ( Asp ) , tyrosine ( Tyr ) and tryptophan ( Trp ) were studied . ^^^ When pH values of the solutions was higher than isoelectric points of amino acids , CaC2O4 crystal paralleled with ( 1 01 ) plane of COM more easily with the addition of Trp , Tyr , Asp in turn ; however , when pH of the solutions was lower than isoelectric points of Trp , CaC2O4 crystal growth paralleled with ( 020 ) face of COM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A variety of biophysical techniques were used to investigate the aggregation and fibrillation of alpha synuclein in which one of the four intrinsic Tyr residues was replaced by Trp , and two others by Phe , in order to permit fluorescence resonance energy transfer ( FRET ) between residues 39 ( Tyr ) and 125 ( Trp ) . ^^^ The mutant Y125W / Y133F / Y136F alpha synuclein ( one Tyr , one Trp ) showed fibrillation kinetics similar to that of the wild type , as did the Y125F / Y133F / Y136F ( one Tyr , no Trp ) and Y39F / Y125W / Y133F / Y136F ( no Tyr , one Trp ) mutants . ^^^ The average distance between Tyr 39 and Trp 125 decreases from 24 . 9A in the monomer to 21 . 9A in the early oligomer and 18 . 8A in the late oligomer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For this study , by employing alanine scanning mutagenesis , ( 125 ) 1 SDF 1alpha competition binding , Ca ( 2+ ) mobilization , and cell cell fusion assays , we found that the mutation of many CXCR 4 TM residues , including Tyr ( 45 ) , His ( 79 ) , Asp ( 97 ) , Pro ( 163 ) , Trp ( 252 ) , Tyr ( 255 ) , Asp ( 262 ) , Glu ( 288 ) , His ( 294 ) , and Asn ( 298 ) , could selectively decrease HIV 1 mediated cell fusion but not the binding activity of SDF 1alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of Glycine ( Gly ) , Alanine ( Ala ) , Tyrosine ( Tyr ) , Tryptophan ( Trp ) and some di ( Gly Gly , Ala Ala , Gly Ala , Gly Trp , Trp Gly , Gly Tyr , Tyr Gly ) , tri ( Gly Gly Gly , Ala Gly Gly ) and tetrapeptides ( Gly Gly Gly Gly ) mediated by sulfate ( SO ( 4 ) ( ) ) and hydrogen phosphate ( HPO ( 4 ) ( ) ) radicals was studied , employing the flash photolysis technique . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They contain aromatic amino acids at position 4 ( mostly Phe , in a few cases Tyr ) and at position 8 ( Trp ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
FNR variants from the cyanobacterium Anabaena in which the C terminal Tyr has been replaced by Trp , Phe , or Ser have been produced . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Based on a substrate binding model of Bacillus circulans no . 8 CGTase , Tyr 100 , Trp 191 and Tyr 267 were specified to locate the spiral amylose and to minimize the size of the CD by saccharide aromatics interaction . ^^^ In order to determine the critical residue for catalyzing production predominantly of alpha CD , site directed mutations were introduced in CgtA ( Y100W , Tyr 100 > Trp ; W191Y , Trp 191 > Tyr ; W191F , Trp 191 > Phe ; Y267W , Tyr 267 > Trp ; Y267F , Tyr 267 > Phe ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The binding sites on AGP are not completely separated but are partially overlapped , and Trp , Tyr , Lys and His residues in the drug binding pockets play important roles in this process . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This method has proven effective for introducing aza amino acid residues with aliphatic ( Ala , Leu , Val , and Gly ) and aromatic ( Phe , Tyr , and Trp ) side chains . ^^^ Acid promoted loss of aromatic side chains was noted with aza Trp and aza Tyr residues during peptide cleavage and suppressed by temperature control in the case of the latter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In each case , loss of activity is associated with the selective oxidation of His , Trp , and Tyr residues , which results in protein unfolding ( with lysozyme ) and protein aggregation ( with STI ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results show that the intrinsic hydrophilicity / hydrophobicity of amino acid side chains in peptides ( proteins ) is independent of pH , buffer conditions , or whether C ( 8 ) or C ( 18 ) reversed phase columns were used for 17 side chains ( Gly , Ala , Cys , Pro , Val , nVal , Leu , nLeu , Ile , Met , Tyr , Phe , Trp , Ser , Thr , Asn , and Gln ) and dependent on pH and buffer conditions , including the type of salt or ion pairing reagent for potentially charged side chains ( Orn , Lys , His , Arg , Asp , and Glu ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that the Phe residue was more suitable for heterotrimeric coiled coil formation than the Trp residue , when combined with two Ala residues , whereas the Tyr and His residues did not induce the coiled coil structure efficiently . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast to the previous suggestion that only small residues in substrate could be accommodated to the S 1 ' subsite , we have found that bulky residues such as Tyr and Trp were also acceptable . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Quantitative comparisons ( i . e . frequencies ) between the low frequency modes of YCM with and without effectors ( modeled structures ) reveal that the binding of Trp increases the global flexibility , whereas Tyr decreases global flexibility . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Other major deviations among the active site residues include side chain conformational changes of Trp 86 , Tyr 133 , Tyr 337 , and Phe 338 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The majority of UV induced protein damage appears to be mediated by ( 1 ) O 2 , which reacts preferentially with Trp , His , Tyr , Met , Cys and cystine side chains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : Previously , we demonstrated that a recombinant Listeria monocytogenes ( rLM ) vector encoding the melanoma associated antigen , tyrosinase related protein ( TRP ) 2 , could successfully treat subcutaneous B 16 melanomas . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Simulation studies based on ROE connectivities in linear GnRH and potency of cyclic analogue supports the His ( 2 ) , Trp ( 3 ) , Tyr ( 5 ) clustering considered important for triggering receptor activation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lipid protein interactions within the simulations were analyzed and revealed that aromatic side chains ( Trp , Tyr ) of OprF interact with lipid headgroups . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Branched chain amino acids ( Leu , Ile , Val ) are converted into compounds contributing to malty , fruity and sweaty flavours ; catabolism of aromatic amino acids ( Phe , Tyr , Trp ) produce floral , chemical and faecal flavours ; aspartic acid ( Asp ) is catabolised into buttery flavours and sulphuric amino acids ( Met , Cys ) are transferred into compounds contributing to boiled cabbage , meaty and garlic flavours . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although conservative mutation of Tyr ( 568 ) in TM 10 to Phe or Trp had no apparent effect on substrate specificity , substitution with Ala decreased the affinity of MRP 1 for E ( 2 ) 17betaG without affecting drug resistance or the transport of other substrates tested . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Designed octapeptide beta hairpins containing a central ( D ) Pro Gly segment have been used as a scaffold to place the aromatic residues Tyr and Trp at various positions on the antiparallel beta strands . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These were further cleaved at the later stages of proteolysis to yield : ( Val ( 15 ) Tyr ( 20 ) ) , ( Ser ( 21 ) Arg ( 40 ) ) , ( Val ( 41 ) Tyr ( 60 ) ) , ( Trp ( 61 ) Lys ( 69 ) ) S S ( Leu ( 149 ) Ile ( 162 ) ) and ( Trp ( 61 ) Lys ( 70 ) ) S S ( Leu ( 149 ) Ile ( 162 ) ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is composed of five residues ( Tyr 70 , Asp 72 , Tyr 121 , Trp 279 and Tyr 334 ; Torpedo numbering ) ; associated with it are a number of surface loops , conferring a high degree of conformational flexibility on the area . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Exposure of proteins to visible light in the presence of a sensitizer results in the oxidation of Met , Trp , Tyr , Cys , and His side chains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In prokaryotes , substrates bearing the Nd ( p ) residues Leu , Phe , Trp , or Tyr are degraded by the proteasome like ClpAP protease . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Requirements of the remaining 9 essential amino acids were met by infusing into the duodenum 323 g / d of a mixture of amino acids including , Ile , Val , Met , Lys , Trp , Phe , His , Thr , Arg , Tyr and Glu . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The reactive intermediates formed in the catalase peroxidase from Synechocystis PCC 6803 upon reaction with peroxyacetic acid , and in the absence of peroxidase substrates , are the oxoferryl porphyrin radical and two subsequent protein based radicals that we have previously assigned to a tyrosyl ( Tyr ( ) ) and tryptophanyl ( Trp ( ) ) radicals by using multifrequency Electron Paramagnetic Resonance ( EPR ) spectroscopy combined with deuterium labeling and site directed mutagenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have previously shown [ Cys Trp Arg Nva Arg Tyr NH ( 2 ) ] ( 2 ) , 1 , to be a moderately selective neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) Y ( 4 ) receptor agonist . ^^^ Toward improving the selectivity and potency for Y ( 4 ) receptors , we studied the effects of dimerizing H Trp Arg Nva Arg Tyr NH ( 2 ) using various diamino dicarboxylic acids containing either di , tri , or tetramethylene spacers . ^^^ Substitution of Trp and Nva with Tyr and Leu , respectively , as in 2 , 7 d / l diaminosuberic acid derivatized dimer , 7 , resulted in a superior Y ( 4 ) selective agonist with picomolar affinity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NT absorbs radiation in the wavelength range where Tyr and Trp emit fluorescence ( 300 450 nm ) , and it is essentially nonfluorescent . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These studies reveal that binding of a pY peptide to the N SH 2 domain of SHP 2 is greatly enhanced by a large hydrophobic residue ( Trp , Tyr , Met , or Phe ) at the pY+4 and / or pY+5 positions , whereas binding to SHP 1 N SH 2 domain is enhanced by either hydrophobic or positively charged residues ( Arg , Lys , or His ) at these positions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We present a molecular phylogenetic analysis of these anoles and their closest known relatives ( A . auratus , A . lineatus , A . meridionalis , and A . nitens ) using new mitochondrial DNA sequence data from the ND 2 gene , five tRNA genes ( tRNA ( Trp ) , tRNA ( Ala ) , tRNA ( Asn ) , tRNA ( Cys ) , tRNA ( Tyr ) ) , the origin of light strand replication , and a portion of the CO 1 gene ( 1 , 446 aligned base positions , 612 parsimony informative ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , prolonged exposure to this agent induced melanogenesis , concomitant with the elevated expression of the melanocyte specific enzymes tyrosinase and tyrosinase related proteins ( TRP ) 1 and 2 , a morphological feature associated with differentiated melanocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Comparison of the cleavage sites suggests that sequences with a Trp , Tyr and / or Pro in the P 1 ' or P 2 ' position , or a basic residue in the P 3 position , are preferentially cleaved by PC 2 and not by other enzymes present in the secretory pathway . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Among more than 20 conserved or partially conserved amino acids that were investigated , mutations of four His residues ( H 47 , H 83 , H 117 and H 156 ) , one Tyr ( Y 66 ) and one Arg ( R 67 ) completely abrogated the FeCN reductase activity , whereas mutations of Arg ( R 149 ) , Phe ( F 44 ) , Ser ( S 115 ) , Trp ( W 119 ) , Glu ( E 196 ) , and Gln ( Q 131 ) affected the ferrireductase activity to some degree . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A red shift of the emission wavelengths of the synchronous fluorescence of ABUSV PA , compared to those of free Tyr and Trp , indicates a conformation where the Tyr and Trp residues are in exposed hydrophilic environments . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma N ( tau ) methylhistidine concentration , as an index of myofibrillar proteolysis , was decreased by the administration of Glu , Gly , Ala , Leu , Ile , Ser , Thr , Met , Trp , Asn , Gln , Pro , Lys and Arg but not by Asp , Val , Phe , Tyr or His to chicks . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This enabled us to explain the negligible contribution of Tyr residues to the bulk fluorescence of the native protein , the similarity of fluorescence characteristics of GlnBP and GlnBP / Gln , and an uncommon effect of the excess of fluorescence intensity at 365 nm ( Trp emission ) upon excitation at 297 nm compared to the excitation at 280 nm . ^^^ The dependence of Trp fluorescence of protein on the excitation wavelength must be taken into account for the evaluation of Tyr residues contribution to the bulk fluorescence of protein , and in principle , it may also be used for the development of an approach to decomposition of multi component protein fluorescence spectrum . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Addition of 10 % hulls to TRB led to equivalent pD of Arg , His , Leu , Tyr , and Trp compared to TRB , but the pD of Lys , Phe , Thr and Val was significantly decreased below the levels of TRB . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To explore a hydrophobic pocket involving tms 1 , 2 , 3 , and 7 for potential aryloxy interaction sites , we selected Tyr ( 356 ( 7 . 43 ) ) and Trp ( 134 ( 3 . 28 ) ) in the rat beta ( 1 ) AR for site directed mutagenesis studies . ^^^ The results indicate that Tyr ( 356 ( 7 . 43 ) ) is an important aromatic interaction site for five of the eight competitive antagonists studied , whereas none of the compounds appeared to interact directly with Trp ( 134 ( 3 . 28 ) ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , we found that an extensive aromatic network involving Tyr 106 ( 3 ) , Trp 157 ( 4 ) , Phe 197 ( 5 ) , Trp 378 ( 6 ) , and Tyr 381 ( 6 ) is important in stabilizing antagonist binding . ^^^ For antagonists with two terminal phenyl rings , this aromatic network extends to Trp 164 ( 4 ) , Tyr 179 ( extracellular loop 2 ) , and Phe 390 ( 6 ) located at the extracellular end of the TMs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Highly homologous DNA elements were found to be shared by the upstream regions of the mouse tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein ( TRP 1 ) genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Melanogenesis , a process unique to melanocytes that involves the processing of tyrosine by a number of melanocyte specific enzymes , including tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , occurs only after differentiation from the melanocyte precursor , the melanoblast . ^^^ One of these factors , termed M box binding factor 1 , binds to an 11 bp motif , the M box , which acts as a positive regulatory element both in TRP 1 expressing and nonexpressing cell lines , despite being entirely conserved between the melanocyte specific tyrosinase and TRP 1 promoters . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have determined the exon structure of the mouse tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) gene . ^^^ The flanking DNA of TRP 1 , unlike tyrosinase , does not contain a TATA box or a CCAAT box . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CVD related proteins are depleted in major order promoting residues ( Trp , Phe , Tyr , Ile , and Val ) and enriched in some disorder promoting residues ( Arg , Gln , Ser , Pro , and Glu ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the effect of functional groups in bovine serum albumin ( BSA ) on its tissue distribution characteristics , tyrosine ( Tyr ) or tryptophan ( Trp ) residues of BSA were chemically modified by tetranitromethane ( TNM ) and 2 hydroxy 5 nitrobenzyl bromide ( HNB ) , respectively . ^^^ Pharmacokinetic analyses also demonstrated that the modification of Tyr or Trp residues on BSA had only marginal effects on tissue distribution . ^^^ These results indicate that the Tyr and Trp residues have little effect on the tissue distribution characteristics of serum albumins , and that the specific modification of these residues may be a promising approach to designing sustained drug delivery systems using serum albumins . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The well characterized and potent antimicrobial peptides indolicidin and tritrpticin were studied along with several analogs of tritrpticin , including Tritrp 1 ( amidated analog of tritrpticin ) , Tritrp 2 ( analog of Tritrp 1 with Arg > Lys substitutions ) , Tritrp 3 ( analog of Tritrp 1 with Pro > Ala substitutions ) and Tritrp 4 ( analog of Tritrp 1 with Trp > Tyr substitutions ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A Tyr > Trp mutation in an expression construct of the Tethya MtCK construct failed to produce octamerization ; Tyr > His and Tyr > Asn mutations also yielded dimers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TRP 1 and tyrosinase probes also detected melanoblasts but were both expressed later in development than TRP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The brown locus encodes TRP 1 ( tyrosinase related protein 1 ) , which has the same , but greatly reduced , catalytic potential . ^^^ We observed that tyrosinase activity is more stable in the presence of TRP 1 and / or TRP 2 , but that the catalytic function of TRP 2 is not affected by the presence of TRP 1 or tyrosinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The UV difference spectra of the mixed against the separated [ Trp 1 ] A chains with the B chain at pH 10 . 8 are similar to those obtained for the unmodified chains except that the 295 nm negative peak for ionized Tyr residue appears to be less marked . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The epitope for MAT 1 was determined to be EDYH , the sequence of which is not present in human tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) or tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 ) . ^^^ By transient expression assays and immunofluorescence technique , we show that MAT 1 reacts specifically with cells expressing human tyrosinase cDNA but not with cells expressing TRP 1 or TRP 2 cDNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hoechst 33258 itself was selectively toxic for the MM96E melanoma cell line compared with other cell lines , induced a highly dendritic morphology , increased tyrosinase activity and tyrosinase mRNA but decreased the level of gp 75 ( TRP 1 ) mRNA ; message for a third pigment gene , Pmel 17 , was unchanged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our UV exposure study , as well as gene transfection and antisense hybridization experiments , has clearly indicated a marked and coordinated interaction of the Lamp 1 gene with the tyrosinase and TRP 1 genes in this process . ^^^ We propose that melanogenesis is controlled at least by two major gene family products , i . e . , ( a ) the tyrosinase family of tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 , and the Lamp family of Lamp 1 , Lamp 2 and Lamp 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No change was observed in expression of gp 75 , neural specific octamer binding proteins , or in mRNA levels of tyrosinase , Pmel 17 and gp 75 ( TRP 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of tyrosinase , tyrosinase related proteins 1 and 2 ( TRP 1 and TRP 2 ) , the silver protein , and a melanogenic inhibitor in human melanoma cells of differing melanogenic activities . ^^^ The expression of various melanogenic proteins , including tyrosinase , the tyrosinase related proteins 1 ( TRP 1 ) and 2 ( TRP2 / DOPAchrome tautomerase ) , and the silver protein in human melanocytes was studied in six different human melanoma cell lines and compared to a mouse derived melanoma cell line . ^^^ Analysis of the expression of tyrosinase , TRP 1 , TRP 2 , and the silver protein using flow cytometry revealed that in general there was a positive correlation between melanin formation and the expression of those melanogenic enzymes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Untransfected L cells and L cells transfected with tyrosinase related protein 1 , TRP 1 ( gp 75 ) , were nonreactive . ^^^ The expression pattern of three melanosome associated proteins tyrosinase , TRP 1 ( gp 75 ) , and gp 100 in melanoma was also compared . ^^^ Tyrosinase and gp 100 are expressed in a higher percentage of melanomas than TRP 1 ( gp 75 ) , and the expression of these three antigens was discordant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There was coordinated gene expression ( mRNA ) of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein , TRP 1 and this coordinated gene expression was also accompanied by the upregulation of LAMP 1 ( lysosome associated membrane protein 1 ) . ^^^ Furthermore , human tyrosinase and TRP 1 mRNAs were expressed successfully in individual transfectants or co transfectants of cDNAs from the two genes . ^^^ Co transfectants of human tyrosinase and TRP 1 cDNAs produced many lysosomal granules and melanin containing granules , melanosomes . ^^^ LAMP 1 gene was upregulated simultaneously in co transfectants of tyrosinase and TRP 1 , but not in individual transfectants of the two genes . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The albino locus encodes tyrosinase , an enzyme with three distinct melanogenic functions , the brown locus encodes TRP 1 ( tyrosinase related protein 1 ) , and the slaty locus encodes TRP 2 , another tyrosinase related protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tyrosinase gene family is currently composed of three members , tyrosinase and two tyrosinase related proteins , TRP 1 and TRP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transformation is characterised by a morphological change , loss of TPA dependence , the ability to grow in soft agar and strikingly , loss of pigmentation which correlates with loss of expression of the melanocyte specific TRP 1 and tyrosinase genes . ^^^ Moreover , expression of the mi gene was reduced around 50 fold in the non pigmented E1a transformed melan a cells compared to the nontransformed melan a cell line , with ectopic expression of Mi able to prevent repression of the tyrosinase and TRP 1 promoters in the presence of E1A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Basic investigation into the nature of melanin monomer and polymer synthesis in pigment cells has revealed many of the new underlying factors involved in its regulation and control by three melanogenesis related genes , tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 , and other non tyrosinase glycoproteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study was carried out to investigate the abundance of tyrosinase and related proteins ( TRP 1 and TRP 2 ) in human epidermis and their relationship to melanin type . ^^^ With TRP 1 and TRP 2 the increase in number in response to UVB was unrelated to skin type and , hence , with melanin type but with tyrosinase there was a much greater increase in skin types 3 and 4 than in skin type 1 and 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , NDP MSH induces increases in tyrosinase mRNA and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Within mammalian melanocytes , melanin biosynthesis is controlled by three enzymes structurally related : tyrosinase and two tyrosinase related proteins , TRP 1 and TRP 2 . ^^^ This treatment also produces a noticeable activation of the tyrosinase isoenzymes , which is higher for TRP 1 than for tyrosinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Its product , the b protein or TRP 1 , has significant homology to tyrosinase , and this has led to suggestions that the b protein is itself a melanogenic enzyme . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Coordinated mRNA and protein expression of human LAMP 1 in induction of melanogenesis after UV B exposure and co transfection of human tyrosinase and TRP 1 cDNAs . ^^^ In order to better understand the cascade of melanogenic events in melanocytes , this report has introduced our two recent approaches for the expression of melanogenesis / or melanosome associated genes and encoded proteins in melanocytes ( melanoma cells ) after repeated exposure to UV B and after cotransfection of two human genes , i . e . , tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) . ^^^ Repeated exposure of UV B ( 2 . 5 5 . 0 mJ / cm2 ) caused not only upregulation of tyrosinase and TRP 1 genes but also coordinated increase in the gene and protein synthesis expression of Lamp 1 ( lysosome associated membrane protein 1 ) . ^^^ When COS 7 kidney cells and amelanotic melanoma ( C 32 and SK MEL 24 ) and melanotic melanoma ( G 361 and SK MEL 23 ) cells were exposed to cotransfection of human tyrosinase and TRP 1 cDNAs , there was also an increased expression of Lamp 1 mRNA and protein along with tyrosinase activation and new melanin synthesis . ^^^ Importantly , single transfectants of human tyrosinase cDNA revealed marked cellular degeneration , whereas this degeneration was not seen in single transfectants of TRP 1 cDNA or cotransfectants of human tyrosinase and TRP 1 cDNAs , indicating that TRP 1 prevented , along with Lamp 1 , programmed death of melanocytes after transfection of tyrosinase gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human melanoma cell lines have been used to examine the regulation of the tyrosinase ( TYR ) and tyrosinase related protein genes TRP 1 and TRP 2 in response to differentiating chemicals and UV irradiation . ^^^ There is little effect of UV irradiation on pigment synthesis by human melanoma cell lines or tyrosinase activity , with variable effects on the levels of the TYR , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 gene transcripts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Melanin biosynthesis is regulated by a number of melanocyte specific proteins , including tyrosinase , DOPAchrome tautomerase ( DCT ) , and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 , gp 75 ) . ^^^ To get more insight on the molecular mechanisms involved in psoralens induced melanogenesis , we determined tyrosinase and DCT activities as well as mRNA and protein levels of tyrosinase , DCT , and TRP 1 in S 91 mouse melanoma cells treated by 5 MOP . ^^^ Tyrosinase and TRP 1 expression are coordinately regulated by 5 MOP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blot analysis of tyrosinase and the tyrosinase related proteins TRP 1 and TRP 2 revealed that alpha MSH increased the expression of those three melanogenic proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In Northern blot analysis the level of HMG 1 ( Y ) mRNA expression did not correlate with that of tyrosinase or TRP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using immunologic and biochemical techniques , we demonstrate that in normal mice the expression of tyrosinase and the related proteins TRP 1 and TRP 2 , rises during the first week of life , remains elevated for a week , and then steadily declines to low levels by adulthood . ^^^ Sucrose gradient density centrifugation demonstrates that tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 are present in high molecular weight forms in the eyes of wild type mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we show that the MSH induced stimulation of tyrosinase is accompanied by no significant change in the synthesis or catalytic activities of other melanogenic enzymes such as TRP 1 or TRP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We propose that one function of TRP 1 is to modulate tyrosinase activity by making DOPA available as a cofactor to perpetuate the initial steps in melanogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We constructed two genes specific to melanogenesis , human tyrosinase ( HT ) and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) genes , into two separate expression vectors so that the cloned genes were under the control of a human cytomegalovirus promoter and enhancer . ^^^ Specifically , HT and TRP 1 may function together via Lamp 1 by stabilizing the enzyme protein complex within the melanosome and prevent the premature death of melanocytes due to tyrosinase mediated cytotoxicity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , and tyrosinase related protein 2 , ( TRP 2 , dopachrome tautomerase ) were shown by immunoblotting and enzyme assays to copurify from extracts of Cloudman S 91 melanoma cells . ^^^ Antibodies to TRP 1 and TRP 2 immunoprecipitated tyrosinase activity , suggesting a stable interaction ( complex ) among these proteins . ^^^ Tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 all existed in high molecular weight `` multimers ' ' of approximately 200 to > 700 kilodaltons . ^^^ The results of this study demonstrate that the participation of tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 in a multimeric complex could have important physiologic consequences , and raise the possibility that some of the well known interactions between coat color genes may be explained by intermolecular interactions between the gene products . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To correlate changes in melanogenesis with the expression of melanogenic enzymes , we determined the neosynthesis rate of tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 / gp 75 ) and tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 / DOPAchrome tautomerase ) . ^^^ Here we show that UVB induced melanogenesis in NHM is related to an increased synthesis of tyrosinase and TRP 1 and to a dramatic decrease of TRP 2 expression . ^^^ RA inhibition of UVB induced melanogenesis acts at the post transcriptional level leading to a decreased tyrosinase and TRP 1 synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have investigated the relationship in human cultured normal and malignant melanocytes between the accumulation of mRNAs encoding tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , the activity of tyrosinase and the presence of melanin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Are tyrosinase , encoded at the albino locus , and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , encoded at the brown locus , similarly distributed in melanocytes . ^^^ We determined the subcellular distribution of tyrosinase and TRP 1 using density fractionation of postnuclear supernatants from mouse melanoma cells of defined genotype followed by immunoblotting with specific antipeptide sera . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pigment production in murine melanoma cells is regulated by tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , DOPAchrome tautomerase ( TRP 2 ) , and a melanogenic inhibitor . ^^^ Using antibodies that recognize either tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , or tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 , DOPAchrome tautomerase ) , the quantities of those melanogenic enzymes were analyzed in five melanoma cell lines that possess various degrees of melanin production . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Coordinated mRNA expression of c Kit with tyrosinase and TRP 1 in melanin pigmentation of normal and malignant human melanocytes and transient activation of tyrosinase by Kit / SCF R . ^^^ WM 35 , WM 39 and G 361 cell lines , expressed the c Kit gene together with tyrosinase and TRP 1 genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DOPA negative melanocytes in the outer root sheath of human hair follicles express premelanosomal antigens but not a melanosomal antigen or the melanosome associated glycoproteins tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 . ^^^ Further immunohistochemical investigation using alpha PEP 7 , alpha PEP 1 , or TMH 1 and alpha PEP 8 antibodies revealed that outer root sheath melanocytes can not be identified by antibodies to tyrosinase , TRP 1 , or TRP 2 , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As a model system we have used the 5 ' flanking sequences of the murine tyrosinase or tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) genes to show that such transcriptional targeting can be accomplished both in vitro and in vivo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Role of gene expression and protein synthesis of tyrosinase , TRP 1 , lamp 1 , and CD 63 in UVB induced melanogenesis in human melanomas . ^^^ On reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoprecipitation studies , the two melanotic cell lines exhibited upregulated expression of mRNA and antigenic epitopes of tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein ( TRP 1 ; gp75 / HMSA 5 ) , and lysosomal membrane associated protein ( Lamp 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase and TRPS ( e . g . , TRP 1 ; b locus protein identical to HMSA 5 and TRP 2 ; dopachrome tautomerase ) are synthesized according to underlying genetic programmes , and are up and / or down regulated to create various forms of abnormal melanin pigmentation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of pigment related proteins such as tyrosinase , TRP 1 , TRP 2 , Melan A / MART 1 , gp 100 , MAGE 1 or MAGE 3 was not associated with growth and metastatic characteristics of the melanoma cell lines analysed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three melanogenic factors , tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 participate in the pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To assess the function of the human homolog of Mi protein , termed microphthalmia associated transcription factor ( MITF ) , we analyzed the effects of MITF on the promoter function of the mouse tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retroviral infection with human tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) cDNA upregulates tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis in a TRP 1 deficient melanoma cell line . ^^^ A human tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) cDNA was inserted into the retroviral vector , pBAbe puro . ^^^ Immunoblotting analysis with anti tyrosinase antibody ( alpha Ty SP ) demonstrated the amount of tyrosinase was slightly increased in TRP 1 overexpressing cells but slightly decreased in anti sense infectant cells . ^^^ We have demonstrated that the expression of exogenous TRP 1 cDNA melanoma cells stimulated the activity of tyrosinase and promoted melanogenesis , indicating that TRP 1 plays a role in regulating tyrosinase activity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Consistent with previous reports , tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) were not expressed by transformed cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of melanocyte specific transcripts using reverse transcription , combined with the polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) , demonstrated that tyrosinase , TRP 1 , TRP 2 , and microphthalmia transcripts were all absent in unpigmented whole cell hybrids and in the monochromosomal unpigmented microcell hybrid . ^^^ A pigmented subclone of this microcell hybrid , however , re expressed the tyrosinase , TRP 1 , TRP 2 , and microphthalmia genes . ^^^ Since the only fibroblast chromosome detected in the unpigmented microcell hybrid was mouse chromosome 1 , these results also suggest that the extinguisher locus affecting the expression of the tyrosinase , TRP 1 , TRP 2 , and microphthalmia genes in hybrid cells is located on that mouse chromosome ( or on a fragment of another chromosome present in the unpigmented monochromosomal microcell hybrid but undetected in our analyses ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These antigens are classified as 1 ) melanocyte specific melanosomal proteins ( MART 1 , gp 100 , tyrosinase and TRP 1 ) , 2 ) proteins expressed in testis and a variety of cancers ( MAGE 1 , MAGE 3 , BAGE and GAGE ) , 3 ) tumor specific mutated proteins ( beta catenin , MUM 1 and CDK 4 ) , and 4 ) others ( p 15 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Under the same experimental conditions , pituitary hormones also increased both the tyrosinase activity and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) while ovarian hormones increased TRP 1 but not tyrosinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By immunochemical stains the quantity of three melanocyte specific enzymes , i . e . tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) and DOPA chrome tautomerase ( TRP 2 ) , was markedly enhanced 1 week after grafting and persisted until 4 weeks post graft . alpha Melanocyte stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotrophic hormone were clearly detected in the epidermis soon after grafting . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine whether a correlation exists between PUVA induced melanogenesis and expression of melanogenic enzymes , we analyzed the levels of tyrosinase , DCT , and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 or gp 75 ) by western blotting in PUVA treated cells . ^^^ This study also suggests that PUVA regulates tyrosinase , DCT , and TRP 1 expression in a noncoordinate manner . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Incomplete expression of the tyrosinase gene family ( tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 ) in human malignant melanoma cells in vitro . ^^^ The Northern blots were probed with cDNA fragments specific for TRP 1 , TRP 2 , and tyrosinase , for nested tyrosinase PCR the outer primers specified a 284 bp and the nested primers a 207 bp fragment . ^^^ In particular , tyrosinase and TRP 2 genes were found always to be expressed together , and TRP 1 mRNA alone was absent in four melanoma cell lines . ^^^ These findings indicate repressed or lacking expression of pigment genes in melanoma cell lines , most likely due to regulatory mechanisms , and that differences may exist between tyrosinase and TRP 2 on one hand and TRP 1 on the other . ^^^ Overall , it seemed that RT PCR for tyrosinase has limited value for identifying melanoma cells in the peripheral blood of melanoma patients ; TRP 1 , TRP 2 , and other , additional markers may be required . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blotting analysis showed that phorbol dibutyrate decreased the amount of the brown locus gene product ( TRP 1 ) by 50 % and lowered the amount of the albino locus gene product ( tyrosinase ) to undetectable levels . ^^^ The decrease in tyrosinase and TRP 1 protein levels was found to be due to a decrease in the mRNA encoded by these genes . ^^^ These data suggest that PKC regulates melanogenesis primarily by controlling the constitutive expression of tyrosinase and , to a lesser extent , TRP 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lamp 1 , trp 1 and tyrosinase are melanosomal associated stress relief proteins which are involved in the production of melanin in the subcellular organelle , melanosomes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Sections of normal adult human eye were stained for tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , and cultures of RPE cells and choroidal melanocytes were examined immunocytochemically for TRP 1 and 2 and enzymatically for tyrosinase activity ( by assaying dopa oxidase activity ) . ^^^ In vitro , passage 1 to 3 ocular melanocytes expressed TRP 1 and TRP 2 and had tyrosinase activity , which was influenced by the choice of substrate on which the cells were grown . ^^^ In contrast , passage 3 RPE cells ( which were unpigmented ) showed little evidence of tyrosinase activity in short term culture , irrespective of the substrate on which they were grown , and failed to express TRP 1 and TRP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , and TRP 2 are the enzymes involved in melanin biosynthesis and are preferentially expressed in pigment cells . ^^^ Transient cotransfection analysis showed that MITF overexpression increased the expression of a reporter gene under the control of the human tyrosinase or TRP 1 gene promoter but not the TRP 2 promoter . ^^^ The promoter activation caused by MITF is dependent on each CATGTG motif of the distal enhancer element , the M box , and the initiator E box of the tyrosinase gene and the TRP 1 M box . ^^^ These results suggest that MITF is sufficient to direct pigment cell specific transcription of the tyrosinase and TRP 1 genes but not the TRP 2 gene . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The inhibition affected to similar extents the Dopa oxidase activity associated to tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) and tyrosinase . ^^^ The decrease in the enzymatic activity was paralleled by a decrease in the abundance of the TRP 1 and tyrosinase proteins . ^^^ TGF beta 1 mediated this effect by increasing the rate of degradation of tyrosinase and TRP 1 . ^^^ Conversely , after 48 h of treatment , the expression of the tyrosinase gene decreased only slightly , while TRP 1 and TRP 2 gene expression was not affected . ^^^ An increased rate of proteolytic degradation of TRP 1 and tyrosinase seems the main mechanism accounting for the inhibitory effect of TGF beta 1 on the melanogenic activity of B16 / F10 cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase activity and the amount of tyrosinase related protein ( TRP 1 ) of Mel ( b ) cells were higher than those of Mel ( l ) cells . ^^^ These results suggest that the difference in the pigmentation of the two human melanocyte cell lines , Mel ( b ) and Mel ( l ) , is derived from differences in the activity and expression of tyrosinase , TRP 1 and DCT , which affect the content and constitution of melanin polymers . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tyrosinase gene family of proteins ( tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 ) regulate the type of eumelanin synthesized and mutations affecting them result in OCA 1 , OCA 3 , and slaty ( in the murine system ) , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase and tyrosinase related proteins ( TRP 1 and TRP 2 ) are essential for melanin synthesis and are expressed in neural crest derived melanocytes and in the pigment epithelium of the retina . ^^^ Tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 had been equally found in extracts of adult mouse brain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Levels of tyrosinase protein and to a lesser extent of tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) were subnormal but rose dramatically following stimulation by tyrosine . ^^^ Levels of TRP 2 and Pmel17 / silver gene product were not altered , nor were the levels of mRNA for tyrosinase , TRP 1 , TRP 2 , or the Pmel17 / silver gene product . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Comparative decreases in tyrosinase , TRP 1 , TRP 2 , and Pmel 17 / silver antigenic proteins from melanotic to amelanotic stages of syngeneic mouse cutaneous melanomas and metastases . ^^^ These were tyrosinase , TRP 1 , TRP 2 , and Pmel 17 / silver . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Quantification of tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and Trp 2 transcripts in human melanocytes by reverse transcriptase competitive multiplex PCR regulation by steroid hormones . ^^^ We have introduced a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction based method to measure mRNA levels of the melanogenesis enzymes tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , and tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The MAAs studied included tyrosinase ( Tyr ) , tyrosinase related protein 1 and 2 ( TRP 1 and TRP 2 ) , gp 100 , human melanoma antigen encoding genes 1 and 3 ( MAGE 1 and MAGE 3 ) , and melanotransferrin ( p 97 ) . ^^^ The melanogenesis pathway related MAAs Tyr , TRP 1 , TRP 2 , and gp 100 mRNAs were also expressed at different levels in normal brain tissues but at a much lower frequency than in glioblastoma multiforme and melanoma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the absence of exogenous alpha MSH , ASIP inhibited basal levels of tyrosinase activity and cell proliferation and reduced the level of immunoreactive tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) without significantly altering the level of immunoreactive tyrosinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunochemical evidence confirmed the absence of either the tyrosinase encoded for by the albino locus , or the tyrosinase isoenzyme TRP 1 , encoded for by the brown locus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Results showed that the proximal nail matrix melanocytes were clearly identified with MoAbs HMB 45 and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , two other enzymes , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) and TRP 2 , are required for a normal melanization process leading to eumelanin synthesis . ^^^ In B 16 melanoma cells , we demonstrated that stimulation of melanogenesis by cAMP elevating agents results in an increase in tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 expression . cAMP , through a cAMP dependent protein kinase pathway , stimulates TRP 1 and TRP 2 promoter activities in both B 16 mouse melanoma cells and normal human melanocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of PEC specific genes , mmp 115 , tyrosinase , and TRP 1 , was downregulated , but that of Mitf and pax 6 was upregulated in B / B PECs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This binding site is present also in the genes encoding two tyrosinase related proteins , TRP 1 and TRP 2 . ^^^ The levels of tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 were determined densitometrically following immunodetection with rabbit antipeptide antisera . ^^^ It provides in vivo evidence that Mitf regulates the transcription of the gene encoding TRP 1 as well as tyrosinase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These antigens belong the three main groups : tumor associated testis specific antigens ( MAGE , BAGE , GAGE and PRAME ) , melanocyte differentiation antigens ( tyrosinase , Melan A / MART 1 , gp 100 , TRP 1 and TRP 2 ) and mutated or aberrantly expressed antigens ( MUM 1 , CDK 4 , beta catenin , gp 100 in4 , p 15 and N acetylglucosaminyltransferase 5 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Northern blot analysis showed up regulation of mRNA for several genes known to be involved in melanin biosynthesis ( pmel 17 , pmel 34 , and tyrosinase related proteins , TRP 1 and TRP 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These antigens are categorized as ( a ) melanocyte specific melanosomal proteins ( MART 1 / melan A , gp 100 , tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 ) , ( b ) tumor specific mutated proteins ( beta catenin ) , and ( c ) others ( p 15 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To establish a mouse model for the use of these ' self ' antigens as targets for anti tumor immune responses , we have employed the mouse homologues of the human melanoma antigens Tyrosinase , Tyrosinase Related Protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , gp 100 , and MART 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This inhibition is explained by decreased intracellular levels of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , but not of TRP2 / DCT as detected by Western blotting . ^^^ Therefore , the inhibitory effect of TNF alpha on tyrosinase and TRP 1 results from combined effect on mRNA levels and enzymatic activity or protein stability . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previous work has demonstrated that two key melanocyte specific elements termed the MSEu and MSEi play critical roles in the expression of the melanocyte specific tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) promoter . ^^^ Several lines of evidence tend to point to the brachyury related transcription factor Tbx 2 as being the repressor of TRP 1 expression : both the MSEu and MSEi bind Tbx 2 , and mutations in either element that result in derepression of the TRP 1 promoter diminish binding by Tbx 2 ; the TRP 1 promoter , but not the tyrosinase , microphthalmia , or glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase ( G3PDH ) promoter , is repressed by Tbx 2 in cotransfection assays ; a high affinity consensus brachyury / Tbx2 binding site is able to constitutively repress expression of the heterologous IE 110 promoter ; and a low affinity brachyury / Tbx2 binding site is able to mediate Tbx 2 dependent repression of the G3PDH promoter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blotting experiments revealed there were no changes in protein content or in molecular size of tyrosinase , TRP 1 or TRP 2 , indicating that inhibition of tyrosinase activity by arbutin might be due to effects at the post translational level . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the expression of tyrosinase related genes [ tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) and tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 ) ] and pigmentation of melanoma cells . ^^^ IBMX increased tyrosinase gene expression in all four cell lines ; alpha MSH was without effect ; and TRP 1 and TRP 2 expression were largely unaffected by IBMX or alpha MSH . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effects on proliferation , tyrosinase activity , melanin biosynthesis , and levels of mRNA for tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , and tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 ) were examined . ^^^ Treatment with LM alone did not affect mRNA levels for tyrosinase , TRP 1 , or TRP 2 . ^^^ Furthermore , LM abrogated the DX induced up regulation of mRNAs for tyrosinase and the down regulation of TRP 1 mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These antigens belong to three main groups : cancer / testis specific antigens ( MAGE , BAGE , GAGE , PRAME and NY ESO 1 ) , melanocyte differentiation antigens ( tyrosinase , Melan A / MART 1 , gp 100 , TRP 1 and TRP 2 ) , and mutated or aberrantly expressed antigens ( MUM 1 , CDK 4 , beta catenin , gp 100 in4 , p 15 and N acetylglucosaminyltransferase 5 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These antigens belong to three main groups : tumor associated testis specific antigens ( MAGE , BAGE , GAGE and PRAME ) , melanocyte differentiation antigens ( tyrosinase , Melan A / MART 1 , gp 100 , TRP 1 and TRP 2 ) and mutated or aberrantly expressed antigens ( MUM 1 , CDK 4 , beta catenin , gp 100 in4 , p 15 and N acetylglucosaminyltransferase 5 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mi has been shown to activate transcription of the tyrosinase , TRP 1 , TRP 2 , and QNR 71 genes through specific E box elements , most notably the highly conserved M box . ^^^ The relevance of these observations to the control of melanocyte specific gene expression was highlighted by the fact that the E box elements located in the tyrosinase , TRP 1 , TRP 2 , and QNR 71 promoters without exception possess a 5 ' flanking T residue which is entirely conserved between species as diverse as man and turtle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The MSH cell surface receptor and the melanosomal P protein are the two most obvious candidate genes influencing variation in pigmentation phenotype , and may do so by regulating the levels and activities of the melanogenic enzymes tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , all three patients had antibodies to the melanogenic enzymes tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) and tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 ) in their serum . ^^^ In contrast , COS 7 cell extracts containing either expressed tyrosinase , TRP 1 or TRP 2 did not remove the anti Pmel 17 reactivity of the three sera in the RIA . ^^^ This lack of cross reactivity suggests that the humoral response to Pmel 17 in these patients is specific and independent of the antibody reactivity to tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This band has been found to be alpha PEP 7 ( antibody specific for tyrosinase ) positive and alpha PEP 1 ( antibody specific for TRP 1 ) negative on Western blot analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we describe the in vitro transcription translation of human tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) cDNA and subsequent use of the resulting 35S labelled TRP 1 in a radioimmunoassay to analyse vitiligo sera for the presence of TRP 1 antibodies . ^^^ Absorption studies indicated that preincubation with COS 7 cell extract containing either expressed TRP 1 , tyrosinase or TRP 2 absorbed out the immunoreactivity of the three sera positive in the radioimmunoassay ( RIA ) with [ 35S ] TRP 1 . ^^^ The results indicate that autoantibodies to TRP 1 cross react with tyrosinase and TRP 2 , suggesting one or more common epitopes between the three proteins . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
High expression of immunotherapy candidate proteins gp 100 , MART 1 , tyrosinase and TRP 1 in uveal melanoma . ^^^ In the treatment of cutaneous melanoma , provisional therapeutic strategies have been designed to combat tumour load using T cells that are sensitized with peptides derived from melanoma autoantigens , such as glycoprotein 100 ( gp 100 ) , melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 ( MART 1 or MelanA ) , tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) . ^^^ Cryostat sections from 11 spindle type , 21 mixed and epithelioid tumours and four metastasis lesions were stained with antibodies specifically recognizing gp 100 , MART 1 , tyrosinase and TRP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RT PCR analyses showed that the nested PCR for tyrosinase was more sensitive than a combination of single round PCR for five different MAA , including tyrosinase , MART 1 / Melan A , Pmel 17 , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 , detecting tyrosinase mRNA in six nodes which were negative by HMB 45 immunohistochemistry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We produced a transgenic mouse line that expresses simian virus ( SV 40 ) transforming sequences under control of the 1 . 4 kb tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) promoter , targeting expression of T antigen ( Tag ) to the RPE . ^^^ In spleen , tyrosinase , TRP 1 and SV 40 Tag were expressed and tyrosinase was enzymatically active . ^^^ These were pigmented , and maintained expression of tyrosinase , TRP 1 , cytokeratin and SV 40 Tag . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In particular , no reactivity was found in sera from protected mice against tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 ) , either stably expressed in a non melanoma cell line or obtained by in vitro transcription translation , or against tyrosinase , TRP 1 and gp 100 antigens immunoprecipitated from B 16 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Molecular interactions within the melanogenic complex : formation of heterodimers of tyrosinase and TRP 1 from B 16 mouse melanoma . ^^^ Melanin synthesis in mammals is catalyzed by three structurally related , membrane bound proteins , tyrosinase , and the tyrosinase related proteins 1 and 2 ( TRP 1 and TRP 2 ) . ^^^ This study used purified preparations of tyrosinase and TRP 1 to analyze their interactions in non ionic detergent solution . ^^^ Purified tyrosinase and TRP 1 behaved as homodimers as judged by gel filtration chromatography and electrophoresis . ^^^ Upon mixing of the purified proteins , the preferential formation of heterodimers was detected by : 1 ) coelution in gel filtration chromatography with a shift to a common partition coefficient for both proteins , and 2 ) the occurrence of fluorescent energy transfer between fluorescein labeled tyrosinase and rhodamine labeled TRP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have examined the effects of several mutant allele combinations at the murine p locus on the number and morphology of melanosomes in choroidal melanocytes and RPE cells as well as on the levels of four proteins known to be present within melanosomes : tyrosinase , tyrosinase related proteins 1 and 2 ( TRP 1 and TRP 2 ) and lysosome associated membrane protein 1 ( LAMP 1 ) . ^^^ In wild type mice , levels of tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 were high at birth and showed a second peak of expression at 10 14 days of age , declining to undetectable levels by 42 days . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Microphthalmia transcription factor MITF , a melanocyte specific basic helix loop helix protein , has been shown to transactivate tyrosinase and TRP 1 genes in vitro by binding to a shared regulatory sequence known as M box . ^^^ We showed earlier that in human melanoma cells TRP 1 can be regulated independently of tyrosinase and pigmentation . ^^^ To investigate the role of MITF in TRP 1 regulation , we studied the effect of pharmacological agents that modulate transcription of tyrosinase and TRP 1 on MITF . ^^^ In melanoma cells treated with hexamethylene bisacetamide ( HMBA ) , transcription of TRP 1 gene was selectively and completely inhibited while steady state levels of tyrosinase , TRP 2 , MITF mRNA and melanin content showed a modest increase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of pigmentation genes coding for tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 correlated positively with that of EDNRB but negatively with EDNRA expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , mRNA levels of the melanogenic enzymes , tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , and tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 ) , were not altered . ^^^ Regarding protein levels of these enzymes , the amount of tyrosinase was decreased by linoleic acid and increased by palmitic acid , whereas the amounts of TRP 1 and TRP 2 did not change after incubation with fatty acids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This paper proposes such a cascade , one that involves genes for PAX 3 , MITF , human MyoD , MYF 5 , c MET , c KIT , tyrosinase , TRP 1 , human QNR 71 , SOX 10 , EDNRB , and EDN3 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) are two melanogenic enzymes that regulate melanin biosynthesis . ^^^ We present here results on N glycan processing of TRP 1 and tyrosinase and compare the maturation process and activity of both glycoproteins in the presence of inhibitors of the endoplasmic reticulum stages of N glycosylation . ^^^ However , in contrast to TRP 1 , tyrosinase presents a homogeneous high mannose glycoform , also . ^^^ In the presence of alpha glucosidases inhibitors , the maturation of tyrosinase N glycans is completely inhibited , whereas TRP 1 is still able to acquire some complex glycans , indicating that endomannosidase acts preferentially on the later glycoprotein . ^^^ In addition , the dopa oxidase activity of tyrosinase is totally abolished , whereas for TRP 1 it is only partially affected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
C . 1 . 14 . 18 . 1 ) , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , and the tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 , E . ^^^ Although tyrosinase activity and the protein level for tyrosinase and TRP 2 , but not for TRP 1 , were increased in the high metastatic hybrids versus the other cells , no significant changes in mRNA either for tyrosinase or for TRPs were observed in them . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transcriptional activation of tyrosinase and TRP 1 by p 53 links UV irradiation to the protective tanning response . ^^^ This study shows that the promoters of the genes coding for the enzymes crucial in melanin biosynthesis , namely tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , are activated by wild type p 53 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Finally , the role of tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 is discussed in association with oxidative stress specifically related to hydrogen peroxide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Only melanoma cells showed a modified tyrosinase isozyme pattern on Western immunoblots in response to BSO , while the mRNA expression of tyrosinase and TRP 1 were unchanged in both cell types . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These include tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A total of 123 tumor infiltrating T lymphocyte ( TIL ) cultures established from patients with HLA A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 24 , or A 31 metastatic melanoma in the Surgery Branch , National Cancer Institute , were screened for recognition of shared melanoma antigens including five melanosomal proteins ( tyrosinase , MART 1 / melan A , gp 100 , TRP 1 , TRP 2 ) as well as peptides derived from MAGE 1 and MAGE 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The in situ expression of antigens associated with melanosomes ( gp 100 ) , pigmentation ( PAA ) , tyrosinase ( TRP 1 ) , melanoma ( MAA 1 / MAA 2 ) , and HLA DR was investigated immunohistochemically in frozen archival specimens of common acquired melanocytic naevi , in dysplastic melanocytic naevi , and in lymph node metastases of melanoma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All four are deficient in expression of the melanocytic differentiation proteins ( MDP ) tyrosinase , Pme117 / gp100 , gp75 / trp 1 , and MART 1 / Melan A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we measured the absolute levels of MA messenger ribonucleic acid ( mRNA ) in tumor cell lines utilizing real time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( qRT PCR ) . mRNA levels of MART 1 , gp 100 , tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 melanoma differentiation antigens and MAGE 1 , MAGE 3 and ESO 1 cancer testis ( CT ) antigens were compared in 24 early passage ( < 5 passages in culture ) and 12 archival melanoma cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunoprecipitation of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( Tyrp 1 or TRP 1 ) in cells incubated with radioactive glucosamine disclosed that glucosamine uptake by these enzymes was apparently increased , suggesting structural alterations in their sugar moieties . ^^^ Based on these findings , it is likely that the compound exerts its depigmenting effects in human pigment cells through the modification of glycosylation of tyrosinase and TRP 1 , which are key enzymes for melanogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study we have explored the endoplasmic reticulum associated events accompanying the maturation of the tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) nascent chain synthesized in mouse melanoma cells . ^^^ We show that TRP 1 folding process occurs much more rapidly than for tyrosinase , a highly homologous protein , being completed post translationally by the formation of critical disulfide bonds . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we showed at the cellular level that in human pigmented hair follicles , the expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) was detectable during the anagen phases III / IV through 6 , only in those melanocytes which were located in the bulb . ^^^ Our results emphasize the close relationship between melanogenesis and the hair cycle and suggest that in humans , melanogenesis is restricted to anagen hair follicles not because of the regulation of tyrosinase activity , but because of melanogenic enzyme expression , e . g . , tyrosinase and TRP 1 . ^^^ Furthermore , the fact that in the newly developing anagen hair follicles , cell division commitment and tyrosinase and TRP 1 expression were observed in melanocytes only when located in the nascent bulb suggests a highly regio specific melanocyte stimulation in early the anagen phase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of the melanocyte associated transcripts of tyrosinase , MART1 / Melan A , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) and tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 ) as well as the tumour specific transcript of MAGE 3 was analysed by RT PCR in PBSC harvests from 31 patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have expressed and purified the melanocyte specific proteins , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) and 2 ( TRP 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 ) mRNA was also increased by GR , however , no significant change was observed on TRP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutant alleles at the brown locus encoding tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) affect proliferation of mouse melanocytes in culture . ^^^ Tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) is a melanocyte specific gene product involved in eumelanin synthesis . ^^^ There were no significant differences in tyrosine hydroxylase activities of tyrosinase and TRP 1 in wild type black , brown and cordovan melanocyte cell lysates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They were positive to dihydroxyphenylalanine ( DOPA ) reaction and expressed KIT ( a receptor tyrosine kinase ) , tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 ) , and endothelin B receptor ( ETRB ) as determined by immunostaining . ^^^ They are thought to be more immature because they were positive to KIT , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 , but not to ETR ( B ) , tyrosinase , and DOPA reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These include melanocyte specific proteins , such as tyrosinase , TRP 1 , TRP 2 , gp 100 , and MART 1 , cancer testis antigens , and mutated peptides derived from genetic alterations in melanoma cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we used congenic mice to eliminate genetic variability , and analyzed eumelanin and pheomelanin contents of hairs from mice mutant at one or more of the major pigment loci , i . e . , the albino ( C ) locus that encodes tyrosinase , the slaty ( Slt ) locus that encodes tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 also known as dopachrome tautomerase , DCT ) , the brown ( B ) locus that encodes TRP 1 , the silver ( Si ) locus that encodes a melanosomal silver protein , the agouti ( A ) locus that encodes agouti signaling protein ( ASP ) , the extension ( E ) locus that encodes melanocortin 1 receptor , and the mahogany ( Mg ) locus that encodes attractin . ^^^ Phenotypes of chinchilla ( c ( ch ) / c ( ch ) ) mice that are wild type or mutant at the brown and / or slaty , loci indicate that functioning TRP 2 and TRP 1 are necessary , in addition to high levels of tyrosinase , for a full production of eumelanin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
AP 3 mediates tyrosinase but not TRP 1 trafficking in human melanocytes . ^^^ We used HPS 2 melanocytes in culture to determine the role of AP 3 in the trafficking of the melanogenic proteins tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) . ^^^ Finally , our studies demonstrate that tyrosinase and TRP 1 use different mechanisms to reach their premelanosomal destination . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Most of MoAb J 1 positive granules were co stained with melanogenic markers , tyrosinase or tyrosinase related protein ( TRP 1 ) . ^^^ We suggest that tyrosinase family protein , tyrosinase and TRP 1 are transported to melanosomes from TGN via these prelysosomal granules after being transiently transported to late endosomes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results suggest that the pigment synthesized by the activity of tyrosinase alone , unmodified by the activities of TRP 1 and TRP 2 , is protective against the types of reactive oxygen species produced by UVA and gamma rays but not protective against lethal damage from photons in the UVB range and sensitizes to UVC photons . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Co infection of the recombinant adenoviruses carrying tyrosinase ( Ad HT ) and TRP 1 ( Ad TRP 1 ) resulted in the enhancement of tyrosinase activity and melanin production compared to a single infection of Ad HT . ^^^ Our findings indicate that the dominant negative mutant of Rab 7 impairs vesicular transport of tyrosinase and TRP 1 , suggesting that the transport of these melanogenic proteins from the trans Golgi network to maturing melanosomes requires passage through endosome delineated compartments . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The microphthalmia associated transcription factor ( MITF ) , which belongs to the family of bHLH LZ type transcription factors , regulates the transcription of melanogenesis related enzyme genes such as the tyrosinase and TRP 1 genes . ^^^ We investigated whether MITF regulates human MC1R gene expression through the same transcriptional mechanism as tyrosinase and TRP 1 genes in melanocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , OTX 2 binds specifically to a bicoid motif present in the promoter regions of three Mitf target genes , QNR 71 , TRP 1 , and tyrosinase , leading to their transactivation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PD 98059 was found to prevent the S1P induced MITF phosphorylation and degradation and to abrogate the S1P induced downregulation of tyrosinase and of tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) production . ^^^ Therefore , we suggest that S1P reduces melanin synthesis by ERK activation , MITF phosphorylation and degradation , and by the subsequent downregulation of tyrosinase and TRP 1 production . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tyrosinase family of genes in vertebrates consists of three related members encoding melanogenic enzymes , tyrosinase ( Tyr ) , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 , Tyrp 1 ) and tyrosinase related protein 2 ( Dct , TRP 2 , Tyrp 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For proper melanin production , several specific enzymes such as tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) and dopachrome tautomerase are required . ^^^ However , it is not known how long tyrosinase and TRP 1 activities continue after UV irradiation in vivo . ^^^ The purpose of this study is to measure the changes in expressions of tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and MITF after exposure to UV on skin in a Korean population . ^^^ Tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and MITF expressions increased until 7 days after UV irradiation and then dropped to the basal constitutive level 4 and 8 weeks later . ^^^ Interestingly , tyrosinase increased prior to TRP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blot analysis demonstrated an increase in the expression of tyrosinase , tyrosinase related proteins 1 and 2 ( TRP 1 and TRP 2 ) at the protein level and RT PCR analysis revealed stimulated transcription of tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 mRNAs in PTLF treated B16F10 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Protein kinase C beta mediated complex formation between tyrosinase and TRP 1 . ^^^ To further elucidate the mechanism by which phosphorylation of tyrosinase by PKC beta leads to the activation of tyrosinase , a possible complex formation between phosphorylated tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , a melanogenic protein suggested to influence tyrosinase activity , was investigated . ^^^ Non denaturing gel electrophoresis of melanocyte lysate revealed two molecular weight forms of TRP 1 and a monoclonal antibody against TRP 1 co immunoprecipitated tyrosinase and TRP 1 , suggesting that TRP 1 may be complexed with tyrosinase . ^^^ Activation of PKC by treating melanocytes with phorbol 12 , 13 dibutyrate ( PDBu ) increased the level of tyrosinase co immunoprecipitated with TRP 1 ; whereas a selective PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide inhibited PDBu induced increase in the level of tyrosinase co immunoprecipitated with TRP 1 . ^^^ These results suggest that phosphorylation of tyrosinase by PKC beta induces a complex formation between tyrosinase and TRP 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , a dominant negative MITF lacking the N terminus has been shown to down regulate tyrosinase and Trp 1 expression in normal melanocytes and mouse B 16 melanoma cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As such they are distinct from oculocutaneous albinism , which is associated with defects in the production of melanin ( e . g . , TRP 1 , P gene , and tyrosinase ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Numerous proteins involved in melanocyte function have been identified including pMel 17 , Mitf M , Sox 10 , tyrosinase , tyrosinase related proteins 1 ( TRP 1 ) and 2 ( TRP 2 ) . ^^^ In order to evaluate the implications of some known melanogenic proteins in human hair pigmentation , we performed immunohistochemical studies to reveal the expression of pMel 17 , Mitf M , tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 in active bulb melanocytes of eumelanic brown and black anagen hairs of different ethnic origins , e . g . brown Caucasian , black Asian and African hairs . ^^^ We found that while pMel 17 , TRP 1 and TRP 2 were expressed in epidermal melanocytes irrespective of ethnic origin and melanin content of the scalp epidermis , Mitf M and tyrosinase expression were clearly evidenced only in pigmented epidermis , e . g . ^^^ Regarding human hair , pMel 17 , Mitf M , tyrosinase and TRP 1 were detected in a similar manner in active bulb melanocytes of brown and black hairs . ^^^ Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) performed on hair bulb mRNA demonstrated that Mitf M , tyrosinase and TRP 1 amplimer signals were easily detected , whereas the TRP 2 amplimer signal was barely detectable . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have investigated whether a Vogt Koyanagi Harada ( VKH ) like disease can be induced in Akita dogs by immunizing them with tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , and compared the alterations induced to those of Akita dogs with a spontaneously occurring disease that resembles human VKH disease . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Molecular analyses revealed a re expression of tyrosinase related protein 1 ( Trp 1 ) and tyrosinase in the MIA deficient cell clones necessary for melanin synthesis . ^^^ To identify the molecular mechanisms of MIA regulating pigmentation , MITF and PAX 3 , two positive regulators of Trp 1 and tyrosinase transcription , and PIAS 3 , a negative regulator of MITF activity , were analyzed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Antibodies specific to tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 / Mel 5 ) , and melanoma specific antigen A ( Melan A ) were used to analyze the cultured cells . ^^^ Immunohistochemical techniques proved the VIEM to be positive for Melan A , TRP 1 and , in the majority of cases , also for tyrosinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) proliferation and Th 1 ( IFN gamma ) and Th 2 ( IL 4 and IL 5 ) cytokine production were analyzed in HLA DRB1 * 0405 positive ( n = 12 ) and negative ( n = 22 ) patients with VKH and HLA DRB1 * 0405 positive ( n = 9 ) and negative ( n = 8 ) control subjects in response to human melanoma cell line lysate ( HMCLL ) and 28 synthetic peptides derived from the human melanocyte differentiation proteins TYR , TRP 1 , TRP 2 , and Pmel 17 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cAMP dependent pathway up regulates MITF ( microphthalmia associated transcription factor ) , important for key melanogenic proteins such as tyrosinase , TRP 1 ( tyrosinase related protein 1 ) and TRP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We used three types of AMN to investigate the expression profiles of melanogenesis related genes [ tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TRP 1 ) , dopachrome tautomerase ( TRP 2 ) , Pmel 17 / gp100 , P protein , and microphthalmia associated transcription factor ( MITF ) ] , as well as tyrosinase , TRP 1 , Pmel 17 / gp100 , and MITF proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blot analysis revealed that expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related proteins 1 and 2 ( TRP 1 and TRP 2 ) was decreased in butin ( 7 ) treated HEMn cells . ^^^ Additionally , quantitative real time PCR ( qRT PCR ) analysis disclosed that expression of mRNAs for tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP 2 was suppressed by butin ( 7 ) . ^^^ It is concluded that butin ( 7 ) is the most active of the components of S . suberectus in inhibiting pigmentation and that this inhibition is exerted through inhibition of transcription of the genes encoding tyrosinase , TRP 1 and TRP2 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , tyrosine hydroxylase , DOPA oxidase , and protein levels for tyrosinase , TRP 1 , and TRP 2 were not influenced by alpha MSH . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have now ordered Orm 1 , Lv ( the mouse homolog of ALAD ) , and Hxb in an interspecific backcross panel , by use of tyrosinase related protein 1 , Tyrp 1 , whose human homolog maps to 9p13 pter ( Abbott et al . , Genomics 1991 ) as a reference locus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Four melanoma proteins , MART 1 , gp 100 , tyrosinase , and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( gp 75 ) were evaluated for recognition by HLA A 2 restricted melanoma specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes ( CTLs ) derived from the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes ( TIL ) of 10 different patients . 9 of 10 TIL recognized MART 1 , 4 recognized gp 100 ( including 3 that also recognized MART 1 ) , but none of the TIL recognized tyrosinase or gp 75 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase , encoded by the albino ( c ) , and the tyrosinase related protein 1 or gp 75 , encoded by the brown ( b ) locus , are two of the best characterized markers for melanocyte differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In a parallel study , the addition of 10 nM ET 1 induced an increase in tyrosinase activity in cultured human melanocytes and was accompanied by elevated levels of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 mRNA expression as shown by Northern blotting . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Detection of a Tsp509I polymorphism in the 3 ' UTR of the human tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TYRP ) gene . ^^^ We have identified a Tsp509I polymorphism in the 3 ' UTR of the human tyrosinase related protein 1 gene ( TYRP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this paper , we describe how the 5 ' flanking sequences of the genes for tyrosinase or tyrosinase related protein 1 can be used to drive expression of complementary DNA , coding for immunity stimulating proteins or for drug activating enzymes , specifically in melanoma cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cytoplasmic localization of tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 and granulophysin ( a 40 kilodalton membrane protein originally identified as a component in dense bodies of platelets ) demonstrated a prominent perinuclear accumulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treatment of human melanoma cells with non lethal doses of group 1 drugs led to a reduction in the levels of mRNA for the pigmentation genes tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 and Pmel 17 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase activity and the quantities of tyrosinase enzyme , tyrosinase related protein 1 and DOPAchrome tautomerase gradually increased with increased melanin content and Percoll density of the isolated melanocyte subpopulations . ^^^ Addition of the two epidermal cytokines , tumor necrosis factor alpha or interleukin 1 alpha , to cultures of human melanocytes from different skin types caused decreased proliferation , tyrosinase activity and expression of tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 and DOPAchrome tautomerase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 genes have been isolated and demonstrate a high degree of similarity with their murine counterparts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Instead , they contained dendritic cells that express melanogenic marker proteins such as tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Enzymatic expression of tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 and 2 and some other enzymes was examined by proliferating chain reaction to detect possible transformation during the procedure . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The rise in melanogenesis induced by NO generating compounds is associated with an increased amount of both tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Secretory PLA 2 also stimulated tyrosinase activity , increased the amount of tyrosinase related protein 1 and up regulated the expression of both mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When mouse tyrosinase or mouse tyrosinase related protein 1 , which shares high homology with human tyrosinase , was transiently expressed in tyrosinase negative K 1735 mouse melanoma cells by cDNA transfection , MAT 1 reacted only with the cells expressing mouse tyrosinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Instead , they contained dendritic cells that express melanogenic marker proteins such as tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The addition of 10 nM ET 1 induced a H 7 ( 10 microM ) suppressible increase in tyrosinase activity in cultured human melanocytes and was accompanied by elevated levels of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 mRNA expression as shown by Northern blotting . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The levels of transcription of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 genes were not affected by arbutin treatment as indicated by a semi quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sequential frozen sections revealed similar intermittent cell staining with PKC alpha and Mel 5 ( tyrosinase related protein 1 ) , known to specifically react with melanocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , transient cotransfection assays suggested that MITF A activated transcription of the tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we describe experiments showing that as little as 769 base pairs of the 5 ' flanking regions of the tyrosinase , and 1 . 4 kilobase pair of the tyrosinase related protein 1 , genes are sufficient to direct expression of the beta galactosidase gene to both human and murine melanoma cells and melanocytes , while not permitting expression in a range of other cell types in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results suggest that in addition to controlling tyrosinase ( albino locus ) and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TR P1 / gp75 / brown locus ) , both known to possess the DNA consensus site for binding the Microphthalmia protein , this transcription factor also controls other melanocyte specific genes such as pink eyed dilution and Pmel 17 ( silver ) , but not tyrosinase related protein 2 ( slaty locus ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate whether the pathologic alteration in IGH involves changes in melanocytic differentiation , cell number , or both , we studied nine lesions of IGH by immunoperoxidase , using monoclonal antibodies against the KIT receptor and a panel of melanocyte differentiation antigens ( tyrosinase related protein 1 , tyrosinase , and gp100 / pme117 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Like MITF M , MITF A is able to activate the two melanogenesis gene promoters , tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Gene expression for melanogenesis was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 genes in normal and cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells and in proliferative membranes in patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy . ^^^ RESULTS : Gene expression for melanogenesis was classified into three types during dedifferentiation of retinal pigment epithelial cells : ( 1 ) tyrosinase related protein 1 gene expression , ( 2 ) tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 gene expression and ( 3 ) no expression of these genes . ^^^ Of the anatomically unsuccessful patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy treated by surgery , 76 . 9 % showed both tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 gene expression ; only 20 % of the anatomically successful patients showed the gene expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutations in six genes have been reported to be responsible for different types of oculocutaneous and ocular albinism , including the tyrosinase gene ( TYR ) and OCA 1 ( MIM # 203100 ) , the OCA 2 gene and OCA 2 ( MIM # 203200 ) , the tyrosinase related protein 1 gene ( TYRP 1 ) and OCA 3 ( MIM # 203290 ) , the HPS gene and Hermansky Pudlak syndrome ( MIM # 203300 ) , the CHS gene ( CHS 1 ) , and Chediak Higashi syndrome ( MIM # 214500 ) , and the 10 linked ocular albinism gene and OA 1 ( MIM # 300500 ) . ^^^ The function of only two of the gene products is known tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 both of which are enzymes in the melanin biosynthetic pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , the centrally located antigenic regions ( amino acids 289 294 and 295 300 ) had amino acid sequence homology to both tyrosinase related protein 1 and 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tyrosinase related protein 1 ( Tyrp 1 ) promoter in transgenic experiments : targeted expression to the retinal pigment epithelium . ^^^ We have chosen 1 . 4 kb and 4 kb from the promoter of the tyrosinase related protein 1 gene ( Tyrp 1 ) for RPE specific expression , since Tyrp 1 mRNA and protein are detected already at midgestation in this epithelial layer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover all cell lines positive for tyrosinase related protein 2 isoforms expressed tyrosinase and , all but one , tyrosinase related protein 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunity to the brown locus protein , gp75 / tyrosinase related protein 1 , was investigated in a syngeneic mouse model . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Melanosomes ( and their precursor compartments ) were defined by antiserum directed against the melanosomal marker tyrosinase related protein 1 . ^^^ In C57BL / 6+ / + ( wild type ) melanocytes , 94 . 2 % of vesicles demonstrated colocalization of tyrosinase related protein 1 and 3 ( 2 , 4 dinitroanilino ) 3 ' amino N methyldipropylamine , indicating that almost all melanosomes or their precursors were acidic . ^^^ By contrast , only 7 % 8 % of the staining vesicles in p mutant cell lines ( pJ / pJ and pcp / p6H ) showed colocalization of tyrosinase related protein 1 and 3 ( 2 , 4 dinitroanilino ) 3 ' amino N methyldipropylamine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The amino acid sequences of the identified Pmel 17 epitopes were compared to the amino acid sequences of the related melanogenic enzymes tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 and tyrosinase related protein 2 . ^^^ This finding is consistent with our previous study in which we were unable to show the presence of Pmel 17 antibodies which were cross reactive with either tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 or tyrosinase related protein 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibition of enzyme activities reflected decreased protein levels . mRNAs for tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 , dopachrome tautomerase , silver protein and melanocortin 1 receptor also decreased after H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) treatment , and recovered at different rates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All NCCmelan 5 cells were positive for KIT ( SCF receptor ) , HMB 45 ( human melanosomal antigen ) , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TYRP 1 ) , tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TYRP 2 ) , tyrosinase and endothelin receptor B ( EDNRB ) and all could oxidize 3 , 4 dihydroxyphenylalanine ( DOPA ) to form melanin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Assignments of the tyrosinase related protein 1 and 2 genes to human chromosome bands 9p23 and 13q32 . 1 by in situ hybridization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The albino ( tyrosinase , Tyrc ) , brown ( tyrosinase related protein 1 , Tyrp1b ) and slaty ( tyrosinase related protein 2 , tyrp2slt ) loci are all involved in the regulation of melanogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These cells express several pigment cell specific genes that are thought or have been shown to be activated by MITF , including dautochrome tautomerase , pMel 17 / Silver and tyrosinase related protein 1 , but lack expression of the MITF target gene tyrosinase , which encodes the rate limiting enzyme in melanin synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PDZ domain protein GIPC interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of melanosomal membrane protein gp 75 ( tyrosinase related protein 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Abnormal translocation of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 in cutaneous melanocytes of Hermansky Pudlak Syndrome and in melanoma cells transfected with anti sense HPS 1 cDNA . ^^^ Knockout of HPS 1 protein expression in A 188 cells caused both tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 to be localized to large granular complexes in the cell cytosol and dendrites . ^^^ We conclude that lack of HPS 1 protein expression results in mistranslocation of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 to large granular complexes rather than melanosomes , compromising melanin synthesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OCA 3 ( MIM 203290 ) , a rare form of OCA and also known as `` rufous / red albinism , ' ' is associated with mutations in TYRP 1 ( encoding tyrosinase related protein 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , tyrosinase related protein 1 still reached melanosomal structures via the plasma membrane instead of the direct pathway from the Golgi . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase related protein 1 ( Tyrp 1 ) is a melanocyte specific gene product involved in eumelanin synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These cells were positive for tyrosinase related protein 1 , tyrosinase related protein 2 and KIT , but were negative for tyrosinase and had no dihydroxyphenylalanine reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Increase of pro opiomelanocortin mRNA prior to tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 , dopachrome tautomerase , Pmel 17 / gp100 , and P protein mRNA in human skin after ultraviolet B irradiation . ^^^ In ultraviolet induced tanning , the protein levels of various gene products critical for pigmentation ( including tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 ) are increased in response to ultraviolet B irradiation , but changes in mRNA levels of these factors have not been investigated in vivo . ^^^ We have established an in situ hybridization technique to investigate mRNA levels of pro opiomelanocortin , tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 , dopachrome tautomerase , P protein , Pmel 17 / gp100 , and microphthalmia associated transcription factor , and have analyzed the changes in mRNA levels in the ultraviolet B exposed skin in vivo . ^^^ The right or left forearm of each volunteer was irradiated with ultraviolet B , and skin biopsies were obtained at 2 and 5 d postirradiation . mRNA level of pro opiomelanocortin was increased 2 d after ultraviolet B irradiation , and returned to a near basal level after 5 d , whereas the mRNA levels of tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 , dopachrome tautomerase , P protein , and Pmel 17 / gp100 showed some or no increase at 2 d , but were significantly increased 5 d after ultraviolet B irradiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tyrosinase gene family encompasses three members , tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( Tyrp 1 ) and dopachrome tautomerase ( Dct ) , which encode for proteins implicated in melanin synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression profile analysis demonstrated that the expression of membrane associated transporter protein ( MATP ) varied similarly to the melanogenic enzymes dopachrome tautomerase ( DCT ) and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TYRP 1 ) ( Proc . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase ( TYR ) , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TYRP1 / gp75 ) and dopachrome tautomerase ( DCT / TYRP2 ) belong to a family of melanocyte specific gene products involved in melanin pigmentation . ^^^ Tyrosinase ( TYR ) , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TYRP1 / gp75 ) and dopachrome tautomerase ( DCT / TYRP2 ) belong to a family of melanocyte specific gene products involved in melanin pigmentation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results excluded the equine tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TYRP 1 ) and melanocyte protein 17 ( Pmel 17 ) genes as possible candidates for the grey phenotype in horses . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Microphthalmia associated transcription factor is thought to bind to the M box promoter elements of tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 and dopachrome tautomerase / tyrosinase related protein 2 and transactivate these genes , resulting in increased pigmentation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The relative expression of a number of key mediators of human pigmentation including tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TYRP 1 ) , endothelin 1 and adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( ACTH ) proteins were analysed and quantified in immunohistochemically stained skin sections using semiquantitative computer assisted image analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Levels of mRNA and protein were measured in genes known to be up or down regulated by agouti in the mouse , namely microphthalmia ( Mitf ) , tyrosinase ( Tyr ) , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( Tyrp 1 ) , dopachrome tautomerase ( Dct ) , Mc1r , silver , initiation transcription factor 2 ( Itf 2 ) and mini chromosome maintenance protein 6 ( Mcm 6 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We addressed this question by analyzing the enzymatic activity and glycosylation pattern of mouse tyrosinase point mutants and chimeric constructs , where selected portions of tyrosinase were replaced by the homologous fragments of the highly similar tyrosinase related protein 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One of the reasons was suspected to be that bFGF was expressed systemically by the promoter of tyrosinase related protein 1 gene and may lead to lethality . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The use of semipermeabilized mouse melanocytes defective for tyrosinase or other melanocyte specific proteins as the ER source indicated that proper TYR maturation and oligomerization were greatly aided by the presence of wild type tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This was despite being able to show expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 markers , although at reduced levels and an ability to convert exogenous 3 , 4 dihydroxyphenyl alanine ( DOPA ) to melanin in these strains . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In stage 3 4 hair follicles , the majority of intrafollicular melanocytes remain tyrosinase related protein 2+ and Ki67+ , whereas some located adjacent to the forming dermal papilla begin to express tyrosinase related protein 1 , an early marker of differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Marker expression in histopathologically positive and negative SLNs were as follows : 89 % , 92 % , 35 % , and 43 % ( positive ) and 40 % , 33 % , 5 % , and 13 % ( negative ) for tyrosinase , melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 , tyrosinase related protein 1 , and tyrosinase related protein 2 , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Melanocyte specific tyrosinase ( TYR ) and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TYRP 1 ) were selected as targets of RT PCR . ^^^ Detection of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 sequences from peripheral blood of melanoma patients using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OCA 3 , also known as rufous / red albinism , is caused by mutations in the TYRP 1 gene , which encodes the tyrosinase related protein 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( Tyrp 1 ) , dopachrome tautomerase ( Dct ) , and LAMP 1 and 3 localization in HPS 3 melanocytes , as evaluated by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy , demonstrated a fine , floccular distribution in contrast to the coarse , granular distribution characteristic of control melanocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interestingly , melanoma cells expressing mutant BRAF RNAi had increased pigmentation , produced more mature melanosomes and melanin and expressed higher levels of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 , whereas melanogenesis was not induced by wild type INK4A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Whereas the functions of other melanosomal proteins , such as tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein 1 , dopachrome tautomerase , and Pmel 17 , are known , the function of MART 1 in melanogenesis , is unclear . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Protein levels of tyrosinase ( TYR ) , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TYRP 1 ) , and tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TYRP 2 ) were quantified by Western blot analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TYRP 1 ) , which is involved in the coat colour pathway , was mapped to BTA 8 between microsatellites BL 1080 and BM 4006 , using a microsatellite in intron 5 of TYRP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OCA 4 melanocytes were found to be constantly secreted into the medium dark vesicles that contain tyrosinase and two other melanogenic enzymes , Tyrp 1 ( tyrosinase related protein 1 ) and Dct ( DOPAchrome tautomerase ) ; this secretory process is not seen in wild type melanocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of tyrosinase related protein 1 , a melanocyte specific gene , correlated with SWI / SNF dependent changes in chromatin accessibility at the endogenous locus . ^^^ Both BRG 1 and Mitf could be localized to the tyrosinase related protein 1 and tyrosinase promoters by chromatin immunoprecipitation , whereas immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that Mitf and BRG 1 co localized in the nucleus and physically interacted . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CRH peptides also stimulated the expression and activity of Tyrosinase , and expression of Tyrosinase related protein 1 and 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Non syndromic oculocutaneous albinism ( OCA ) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorder with mutations identified in several genes : OCA 1 ( tyrosinase , TYR ) , OCA 2 ( OCA 2 ) , OCA 3 ( tyrosinase related protein 1 , TYRP 1 ) , and OCA 4 ( membrane associated transporter protein , MATP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Hinokitiol markedly inhibited melanin synthesis and also reduced the protein levels of tyrosinase ( TYR ) , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TYRP 1 ) , tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TYRP 2 ) and MITF in Mel Ab cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Some of them also inhibited tyrosinase related protein 1 and / or tyrosinase related protein 2 in cultured cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , because of our hypothesis that vesiculoglobular bodies carry post ( and pre ) tyrosinase regulatory factors involving in both pheo and eumelanogenesis , the term `` b protein ' ' which focuses only on eumelanogenesis may not be applied to HMSA 5 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cDNA pMT 4 was initially cloned as a putative tyrosinase cDNA by Shibahara et al , but it is now known to encode mouse brown ( b ) locus protein , which was named `` tyrosinase related protein ' ' by Jackson or `` b protein ' ' by Hearing and Jimenez . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate their influence in domestic cat coat color , we determined the complete nucleotide coding sequence of the domestic cat genes tyrosinase ( TYR ) a plausible candidate gene for the albino ( C ) locus , and tyrosinase related protein 1 ( TYRP 1 ) a candidate gene for the brown ( B ) locus . ^^^ Tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 alleles specify domestic cat coat color phenotypes of the albino and brown loci . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They are positive for melanocyte markers such as tyrosinase related protein 1 and DOPAchrome tautomerase and they contain stage 1 melanosomes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of melanocyte specific proteins ( including TYR ( tyrosinase ) , TYRP 1 ( tyrosinase related protein 1 ) , DCT ( tyrosinase related protein 2 ) , MART 1 ( melanoma antigens recognized by T cells ) gp 100 ( Pmel17 / silver ) , and MITF ( micropthalmia transcription factor ) ) increased from 0 to 7 d after UV exposure , but the melanin content of the skin increased only slightly . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The CAS 2 protein has primary and probably secondary structures similar to human tyrosinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The gp 75 glycoprotein is homologous to tyrosinase , an enzyme involved in the synthesis of melanin , forming a family of tyrosinase related proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosine hydroxylase ( tyrosinase ) activity co purified with gp 75 during membrane solubilization and anion exchange and Con A chromatography . ^^^ Amino acid composition of gp 75 was similar to that of tyrosinase . ^^^ Physicochemical similarities and limited identity in the primary structure between gp 75 and tyrosinase support the conclusion that the gp 75 antigen does not exhibit tyrosine hydroxylase activity , but is a member of a tyrosinase related family of proteins . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To further study this phenomenon of concerted developmental and pigmentary activity , we followed the sequence of tyrosinase ( key enzyme of melanogenesis ) expression and activity and the presence of the melanosomal protein gp 75 during the development of traumatically induced anagen follicles ( days 0 = telogen , and days 1 12 , after anagen induction studied ) . ^^^ Western blotting emphasized proteins of MW 66 68 kD ( tyrosinase ) , and 73 75 kD ( gp 75 ) ; tyrosinase was undetectable on day 0 , but already present on days 1 and 2 ; it increased by day 5 and had reached a plateau on days 8 and 12 ; gp 75 was undetectable on days 0 2 ; it was present on day 3 , increased by day 5 , and reached a plateau on days 8 and 12 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunocompetition assays with monoclonal antibodies to gp 75 , a known pigmentation associated antigen of melanocytes , suggested that Pmel 17 1 encodes a 75 , 000 Mr glycoprotein that is highly abundant in melanotic cells and shares some immunological homology with tyrosinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PAA was shown to be different from tyrosinase , the enzyme involved in melanin synthesis , but it was found to be identical to the previously recognized glycoprotein , gp 75 , characteristic of pigmented melanomas and melanocytes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fibroblasts co expressing tyrosinase and the b protein synthesize both eumelanin and phaeomelanin . ^^^ To investigate the function of the b protein and its interaction with tyrosinase , we established cell lines expressing both tyrosinase and the b protein by transfecting tyrosinase expressing fibroblasts with a b protein expression vector . ^^^ The tyrosinase expressing parent line does not have L dopachrome tautomerase activity , but this enzyme is detectable in double transfectants as well as in fibroblasts expressing the b protein alone . ^^^ This is thought to result from interaction of tyrosinase with the b protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We were unable to confirm previous reports that the b protein has tyrosinase or catalase activity , but detected stereospecific dopachrome tautomerase activity in b protein expressing fibroblasts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two members of this family , tyrosinase and gp 75 , are well characterized melanocyte differentiation antigens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This hexapeptide cytoplasmic sequence , which is conserved in the tyrosinase related protein family and through vertebrate evolution , was shown to act also as a sorting signal in mouse gp 75 , confirming that its sorting and cellular retention function is conserved between human and mouse . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Based on its partial N terminal amino acid sequence , it was shown to be distinct from known melanosomal proteins such as gp 75 , tyrosinase related protein 2 ( TRP 2 ) and Pmel 17 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two adjacent TYR R boxes , with the downstream one overlapping the tyrP promoter , are the likely targets for the action of TyrR protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Importance of the position of TYR R boxes for repression and activation of the tyrP and aroF genes in Escherichia coli . ^^^ Tyrosine mediated repression of aroF and tyrP was studied by inserting DNA sequences between the two adjacent TYR R boxes which , in each case , overlap the respective RNA polymerase binding sites of these genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two TYR R boxes have been identified , and one of these was shown to overlap the 35 region of a major tyrP promoter ( p 1 ) . ^^^ The demonstration that mutants in which TyrR tyrosine mediated repression of tyrP has been abolished have single base changes in the TYR R box which overlaps p 1 suggests that TyrR tyrosine mediated repression of tyrP also involves p 1 . ^^^ The sequences of 10 TYR R boxes preceding the genes tyrP , tyrR , and aroG and the operons aroF tyrA and aroL aroM are compared and discussed . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The first is the tyrosinase gene family , which is comprised of tyrosinase ( c locus ) , gp 75 ( b locus ) and DOPAchrome tautomerase ( slt locus ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Such antigens include MAGE 1 , MAGE 3 , MART 1 / Melan A , gp 100 , tyrosinase , the tyrosinase related antigen gp 75 , the antigen gp 15 and the mutated CDK 4 and beta catenin gene products . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MAGE , tyrosinase , melan A and gp 75 ) and mutant oncogene products ( e . g . p 53 , ras , and HER 2 / neu ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The second class represents differentiation antigens encoded by genes that are only expressed in melanoma and normal melanocytes like tyrosinase , Melan A / MART 1 , gp 100 and gp 75 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human melanoma specific HLA A 2 restricted CTLs have recently been shown to recognize antigens expressed by melanoma lines and normal melanocytes , including Melan A / Mart 1 , gp 100 , gp 75 , and tyrosinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Yet to date , Mitf has been shown to regulate genes such as Tyrosinase , Tyrp 1 , and Dct , which are required for pigmentation , a differentiation specific process . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The structures of the human tyrosinase related protein genes TYRP 1 and TYRP 2 have been determined and compared with that of the tyrosinase gene ( TYR ) . ^^^ Examination of the position of other intron junctions suggests that TYRP 1 was derived from a TYR duplication and then was itself duplicated to give rise to the TYRP 2 gene . ^^^ The evidence also suggests that at least some of the introns within the TYR , TYRP 1 , and TYRP 2 coding regions were gained after duplication and that intron slippage is unlikely to have occurred . . ^^^ Chromosomal structure of the human TYRP 1 and TYRP 2 loci and comparison of the tyrosinase related protein gene family . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The pheomelanosome , containing the key enzyme of the pathway tyrosinase , produces light red / yellowish melanin , whereas the eumelanosome produces darker melanins via induction of additional TYRP 1 , TYRP 2 , SILV enzymes , and the P protein . ^^^ Intramelanosomal pH governed by the P protein may act as a critical determinant of tyrosinase enzyme activity to control the initial step in melanin synthesis or TYRP complex formation to facilitate melanogenesis and melanosomal maturation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
From the neurula through the early tailbud stage , HrMitf is preferentially expressed in the pigment lineage cells that express the lineage specific melanogenesis genes tyrosinase ( HrTyr ) and Tyrp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have found that PTU induces degradation of tyrosinase but not of other melanogenic proteins including the tyrosinase related metalloproteins tyrosinase related protein ( Tyrp ) 1 and Tyrp 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , the neuroepithelial derived Mitf expressing cells of the retinal pigment layer are retained , express Dct , but not the melanogenic enzyme genes tyrosinase and Tyrp 1 , and remain unpigmented . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Murine Tyrp 1 can oxidize 5 , 6 dihydroxyindole 2 carboxylic acid ( DHICA ) produced by Dct , but mutations in Tyrp 1 also affect the catalytic functions of Tyr . ^^^ We have now further investigated the effect of a Tyrp 1 ( b ) mutation on Tyr stability . ^^^ Pulse / chase labeling experiments show that Tyr is degraded more quickly in Tyrp 1 ( b ) mutant melanocytes than in melanocytes wild type at that locus . ^^^ This reduced stability of Tyr can be partly rescued by infection with the wild type Tyrp 1 gene , and this is accompanied by phenotypic rescue of infected melanocytes . ^^^ In sum , these results suggest that , in addition to its catalytic function in oxidizing DHICA , Tyrp 1 may play an important role in stabilizing Tyr , a second potential role in the regulation of melanin formation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TYRP 2 mediated resistance to cis diamminedichloroplatinum ( 2 ) in human melanoma cells is independent of tyrosinase and TYRP 1 expression and melanin content . ^^^ We further show that CDDP resistance correlates only with TYRP 2 expression and is associated neither with tyrosinase and TYRP 1 expression , nor with cellular melanin content . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Northern blot analyses of total cellular RNA showed that expression of microphthalmia associated transcription factor ( MITF ) , tyrosinase ( TYR ) , TYRP 1 , Silver ( SILV / Pmel17 ) gene was down regulated by HMBA , while TYRP 2 mRNA was up regulated ( > 10 fold ) . ^^^ Treatment of human melanoma cells with the differentiation inducing agent hexamethylene bisacetamide ( HMBA ) results in reciprocal changes in expression of melanocyte specific genes tyrosinase related proteins 1 and 2 ( TYRP 1 and TYRP 2 ) . ^^^ When the inducer was added to cells in the absence of TPA , there was > 50 fold increase in TYRP 2 mRNA with a moderate increase in MITF , tyrosinase and SILV gene mRNAs and complete repression of TYRP 1 gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In an effort to characterize the roles of melanosomal proteins in human skin pigmentation , and to understand the underlying mechanism ( s ) of abnormal skin pigmentation , we have now generated polyclonal antibodies against the human melanocyte specific markers , tyrosinase , tyrosinase related protein ( TYRP 1 ) , Dopachrome tautomerase ( DCT ) and Pmel 17 ( SILV , also known as GP 100 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immortal mouse melanocyte lines ( melan a , melan b , and melan c ) provide opportune models with which to investigate the etiology of two different types of OCA ( types 1 and 3 ) , which arise from mutations in Tyr and Tyrp 1 , respectively . ^^^ A mutation in either Tyr or Tyrp 1 increased the time of association of tyrosinase and Tyrp 1 with calnexin and Bip , which in turn resulted in the retention of these mutant products in the ER . ^^^ Oculocutaneous albinism types 1 and 3 are ER retention diseases : mutation of tyrosinase or Tyrp 1 can affect the processing of both mutant and wild type proteins . ^^^ We compared intracellular processing , sorting , and degradation of tyrosinase and Tyrp 1 , and the effects on their catalytic function and melanin synthesis , in these wild type and mutant melanocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to elucidate the mechanism ( s ) involved in OCA 2 , our group used several antibodies specific for various melanosomal proteins ( tyrosinase , Tyrp 1 , Dct , Pmel 17 and HMB 45 ) , including a specific set of polyclonal antibodies against the p protein . ^^^ These findings suggest that the p protein plays a major role in modulating the intracellular transport of tyrosinase and a minor role for Tyrp 1 , but is not critically involved in the transport of Dct and Pmel 17 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the mechanisms of the pigment pattern formation of plumage and clarify the roles of the Bh locus in the pattern formation , we examined the expression pattern of genes relating to melanocyte development ( Mitf , MelEM antigen , Kitl , Kit and EdnrB 2 ) and melanin pigment production ( Dct , Tyrp 1 , Tyr and Mmp 115 ) in Bh mutant and wild type embryos throughout development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the hypothesis that mutations in the albinism genes Tyrosinase , the P Gene , and TYRP 1 may also be responsible for congenital esotropia via a similar mechanism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We identified numerous SNPs , haplotypes , and diplotypes ( diploid pairs of haplotypes ) within the OCA 2 , MYO5A , TYRP 1 , AIM , DCT , and TYR genes and the CYP1A2 15q22 ter , CYP1B1 2p21 , CYP2C8 10q23 , CYP2C9 10q24 , and MAOA Xp11 . 4 regions as significantly associated with iris colors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blots demonstrate that in these TPA treated cells there is a concomitant increase in Tyr , Tyrp 1 and glycosylated Dct protein levels . ^^^ Using northern blots , we show that in DMEL 2 cells , TPA significantly increases the messenger ribonucleic acid ( mRNA ) levels of the tyrosinase gene family ( tyrosinase , Tyrp 1 and Dct ) and the expression of Mitf . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Its role in differentiation pathways has been highlighted by its potent transcriptional and lineage specific regulation of the three major pigment enzymes : tyrosinase , Tyrp 1 , and Dct as well as other pigmentation factors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Nevertheless , until now it has not been possible to show that MITF regulates the expression of the endogenous tyrosinase or Tyrp 1 . ^^^ However , infection with the MITF dominant negative mutant inhibits the expression of endogenous tyrosinase and Tyrp 1 proteins and blocks cAMP induced melanin synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show that in murine amelanotic in vitro transformed melanocytes as well as in human amelanotic metastatic melanoma cell lines , the expression of Rab 32 is markedly reduced or absent , in parallel with the loss of expression of two key enzymes for the production of melanin , tyrosinase and Tyrp 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we show that LY 294002 up regulates the expression of the melanogenic enzymes , tyrosinase and Tyrp 1 , through a transcriptional mechanism that involves microphthalmia associated transcription factor , a basic helix loop helix transcription factor , which plays a key role in melanocyte survival and differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase ( TYR ) is absolutely required for melanogenesis , but other melanosomal proteins , such as TYRP 1 , DCT , and gp 100 , also play important roles in regulating mammalian pigmentation . ^^^ The expression of TYRP 1 , which facilitates TYR processing in the ER , is down regulated in the amelanotic cells ; this is analogous to a hypopigmentary disease known as oculocutaneous albinism type 3 and further impairs melanin production . ^^^ The sum of these results shows that organellar pH , proteasome activity , and down regulation of TYRP 1 expression all contribute to the lack of pigmentation in TYR positive amelanotic melanoma cells . . ^^^ Tyrosinase ( TYR ) is absolutely required for melanogenesis , but other melanosomal proteins , such as TYRP 1 , DCT , and gp 100 , also play important roles in regulating mammalian pigmentation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To address expression of the key genes for melanogenesis in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) , a tyrosinase positive leukocyte cell line ( SHK 1 ) and skin were used to obtain full length tyrosinase ( Tyr ) , tyrosinase like protein 1 ( Tyrp 1 ) , and dopachrome tautomerase ( Dct ) mRNA transcripts . ^^^ Expression of Tyr , Tyrp 1 and Dct was investigated by quantitative real time reverse transcriptase polymerase cain reaction showing highest expression in the SHK 1 cell line and skin , intermediate in pronephros , and negligible or absent in liver and muscle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mammalian pigmentation is controlled by the concerted action of Tyr , Tyrp 1 and Dct producing eumelanin and / or pheomelanin in melanocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tyrosinase family comprises three members , tyrosinase ( Tyr ) , tyrosinase related protein 1 ( Tyrp 1 ) , and dopachrome tautomerase ( Dct ) . ^^^ Null mutations and deletions at the Tyr and Tyrp 1 loci are known and phenotypically affect coat color due to the absence of enzyme or intracellular mislocalization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We now report that gp 100 is processed and sorted in a manner distinct from other melanosomal proteins ( such as tyrosinase , Tyrp 1 and Dct ) and is predominantly delivered directly to immature melanosomes following its rapid processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and cis Golgi . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase , Tyrp 1 , and Dct / Tyrp2 were atypically and distinctly expressed in HPS 1 and HPS 3 melanocytes , whereas only tyrosinase showed an atypical distribution in HPS 2 melanocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It was shown that the melanin synthesis was induced in PLD 1 knockdowned cells , and also that the level of melanin synthesis was well correlated with increases in expression level of tyrosinase and its related proteins ( Tyrp 1 and Dct ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Identification of novel TYR and TYRP 1 mutations in oculocutaneous albinism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The differentiation of melanoblasts into melanocytes involves the expression of melanocyte specific genes , particularly those responsible for melanin production , such as Tyr , Tyrp 1 and Dct , the expression of which depends on the melanocyte specific transcription factor microphthalmia ( Mitf ) . ^^^ We have found Emx 1 and Emx 2 , two highly related homeobox genes that when overexpressed in melanocytes can downregulate Mitf , Tyrp 1 , Dct and Tyr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sequences and mapping of genes encoding porcine tyrosinase ( TYR ) and tyrosinase related proteins ( TYRP 1 and TYRP 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosinase , Tyrp 1 and Dct promoters contain a motif termed E box which is bound by the transcription factor Mitf . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast to other melanosomal proteins such as TYR and TYRP 1 , the processing and sorting of PMEL 17 is highly complex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CONCLUSION : As demonstrated here , the Gpnmb and Tyrp 1 iris phenotypes are both individually dependent on tyrosinase function . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P17643 and P14679	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA