Pubmed abstracts for Protein-Protein Interaction search result :

Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TGF beta also inhibited the expression of mRNA for the bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When expressed alone in test cells , Atr 1 is unable to bind TGF beta , activin , or bone morphogenetic protein 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) is a member of the transforming growth factor beta ( TGFbeta ) superfamily . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) is a member of the TGFbeta superfamily of growth and differentiation factors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interestingly , BMP 2 antagonized the TGF beta induced inhibition of multidrug transport . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cell survival was > 80 % in the presence of BMP 2 , 7 or 2 / 7 and < 10 % in the presence of TGF beta 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BMP 2 effectively displaced [ 125 ] OP 1 binding to HBCs while TGF beta 1 did not . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recombinant TGF beta 1 inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity , while BMP 2 and BMP 4 stimulated it . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Like neuregulin , BMP 2 and TGFbeta 1 act instructively rather than selectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of CTGF in HCS cells was up regulated by the addition of TGF beta or BMP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bone morphogenic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) is a member of the transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) superfamily . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We examined the effects of TGF beta 1 , beta 2 , BMP 2 , BMP 7 on five epithelial cell lines in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In MC3T3 E 1 cells , STAP mRNA was induced by treatment with TGF beta , but not with BMP 2 or GDF 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recombinant bovine fetuin also bound to TGF beta 1 and BMP 2 in vitro with kinetics similar to native fetuin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blots of these gels indicated the presence of transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) and BMP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Beads soaked in Shh , BMP 2 , and TGF beta 1 protein did not induce either Fgf 3 or Fgf 10 expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both Smad 2 and 3 translocated to the nucleus upon TGF beta 1 signaling , but not upon BMP 2 signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The splice junction of intron 2 is conserved among As60A , BMP 2 , BMP 4 , Tc Dpp , Bm tgh 1 , TGF beta 1 and Dpp . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
E 2 up regulated the mRNA expression of osteogenic genes for ALP , collagen 1 , TGF beta 1 , BMP 2 , and cbfa 1 in MSCs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BMP 2 through BMP 8 are in the TGF beta family . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This induction was blocked by anti BMP 2 antibody and by anti transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) antibody . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Proliferation of these cells was significantly enhanced by treatment with bFGF and TGF beta but not BMP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Comparison of TGF beta / BMP pathways signaled by demineralized bone powder and BMP 2 in human dermal fibroblasts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DRAGON binds directly to BMP 2 and BMP 4 but not to BMP 7 or other TGFbeta ligands . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Wnt8c / beta catenin maturational effects were enhanced by BMP 2 and inhibited by TGF beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Alternatively , vitronectin bound MGP may have altered function for modulating BMP 2 or TGF beta activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Polymorphisms of the following genes were investigated : OPG , VDR , ESR 1 , TGFB 1 COL1A1 , and BMP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treatment with TGF beta ( 1 ) at 200 pM but not BMP 2 at 4 nM also increased Tap gene transcript in BMMC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effects of dentin proteins , transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) on the differentiation of odontoblast in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , we show that this assay does not detect a wide range of TGF beta superfamily members ( activin A , bone morphogenetic protein 2 , 4 , 6 , and 7 , growth / differentiation factor 5 , and glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) , which induces osteoblast function , does not alter TGF beta binding or biochemical activity in fibroblasts and has only small effects in less differentiated bone cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) and transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) are actively involved in bone formation and remodeling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also report that two members of the TGF beta family , TGF beta 3 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) , are capable of promoting the accumulation of cartilage extracellular matrix molecules by differentiating chick limb mesenchymal cells in micromass culture . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 enhances expression of interleukin 6 and transforming growth factor beta 1 genes in normal human osteoblast like cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TIEG expression in hFOB cells was highly induced by TGF beta and bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) , with a moderate induction by epidermal growth factor ( EGF ) , but no induction by other growth factors / cytokines was observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In rabbit articular chondrocyte cultures , administration of transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 increased SPARC levels at 24 48 hours , whereas interleukin lbeta ( IL 1 beta ) , IL 1 alpha , tumor necrosis factor alpha , lipopolysaccharide , phorbol myristate acetate , basic fibroblast growth factor , and dexamethasone decreased SPARC levels at 24 72 hours . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Increased size of peripheral targets , treatment with neuromuscular blockade , and treatment with partially purified muscle or brain extracts and defined neurotropic agents , such as NGF , BDNF , neurotrophin 3 , CNTF , bFGF , PDGF , S 100 beta , activin , cholinergic differentiation factor / leukemia inhibitory factor , bone morphogenetic protein 2 , IGF 1 , interleukin 6 , and TGF beta 1 , were all ineffective in rescuing motoneurons dying between E 4 and E 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In a series of proliferation assays , MC3T3 E 1 cells were cultured in the presence of bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) or TGF beta for up to 48 hr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 , a TGF beta superfamily ligand , induces phosphorylation of only the related dwarfin protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Many investigators have reported that in cultured BM stromal cells there is a cell population that will differentiate along an osteogenic lineage if stimulated by the addition of osteogenic inducers , such as dexamethasone ( dex ) , beta glycerophosphate ( beta GP ) , transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We compared the ability of transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) to increase the penetration distances for fibrous tissue and bone into porous coralline hydroxyapatite . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of MMP 13 mRNA by primary human fetal chondrocytes in culture was enhanced by transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) and inhibited by bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Overexpression of Smad 4 in ' animal caps ' taken from Xenopus embryos induced both ventral and dorsal mesoderm , thereby mimicking the effects of TGF beta family members bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) or BMP 4 and activin , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) inhibited serum stimulated increases in DNA synthesis and cell number of cultured rat arterial SMCs in a fashion quite different from that in the case of transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have investigated the role of bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) , which is a member of the TGF beta superfamily , in normal skin development and fetal wound healing . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) and transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) are potent inducers for new bone formation . ^^^ Immunohistochemical detection of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and transforming growth factor beta 1 in tracheopathia osteochondroplastica . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated whether local administration of anabolic factors ( transforming growth factors beta 1 and beta 2 [ TGF beta 1 and beta 2 , respectively ] and bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) into joints could stimulate cartilage repair during arthritis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The TRE through which TGF beta 1 regulated the activity of the transglutaminase promoter was necessary and sufficient for bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP ) and BMP 4 dependent inhibition of the tissue transglutaminase promoter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Smad 2 and Smad 3 are specific mediators of TGF beta and activin , while Smadl and Smad 5 are involved in bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) and BMP 4 signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Homodimeric bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) is a member of the transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) superfamily that induces bone formation and regeneration , and determines important steps during early stages of embryonic development in vertebrates and non vertebrates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transient upregulation of CBFA 1 in response to bone morphogenetic protein 2 and transforming growth factor beta 1 in C2C12 myogenic cells coincides with suppression of the myogenic phenotype but is not sufficient for osteoblast differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : The related molecules bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) and transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) have both been shown to stimulate chondrocyte proteoglycan ( PG ) synthesis in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GH , insulin , bone morphogenetic protein 2 , fibroblast growth factor 2 , platelet derived growth factor BB , IGF 1 , and IGF 2 did not modify mac25 / IGFBP RP 1 expression , whereas transforming growth factor beta 1 was modestly stimulatory . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) , a member of the transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) superfamily , is characterized by its ability to induce cartilage and bone formation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interestingly , no increase in proliferation was noted when rib chondrocytes were stimulated with transforming growth factor beta 1 , bone morphogenetic protein 2 , and basic fibroblast growth factor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They enhanced the inhibition of DNA synthesis caused by transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta 1 ) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) is a member of the transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) superfamily and has strong bone inductive activity in vivo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The rate of nodule formation was increased with transforming growth factor beta 1 ( +25 nodules ) , 25 hydroxycholesterol ( +9 nodules ) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( +4 nodules ) as compared with vehicle control ( +3 nodules ) over 25 days . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we have investigated how treatment with bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) , a member of the transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) superfamily that promotes ectopic bone formation , modulates the organization and expression of osteoblastic cell proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we demonstrate that growth / differentiation factor 5 ( GDF 5 ) , but neither bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) nor TGF beta 1 , fully promotes the early phase of the chondrogenic response by inducing cellular condensation followed by cartilage nodule formation in a mouse chondrogenic cell line , ATDC 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 , recombinant human transforming growth factor beta 1 , and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 induce in vitro differentiation of canine osteosarcoma cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The influence of bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) and transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) on the expression of small proteoglycans , decorin and biglycan was investigated in a clonal rat osteoblastic cell line , ROS C 26 ( C 26 ) cells , which is a potential osteoblast precursor cell line and capable of differentiating into mature osteoblasts after treatment with recombinant BMP 2 ( rhBMP 2 ) . ^^^ Effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and transforming growth factor beta 1 on gene expression of decorin and biglycan by cultured osteoblastic cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TGFbeta ( 1 ) and , to a smaller extent , bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) have been reported to regulate the gene expression of different osteoblast markers in vitro . ^^^ Protein kinase signalling pathways involved in the up regulation of the rat alpha 1 ( 1 ) collagen gene by transforming growth factor beta 1 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 in osteoblastic cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) significantly enhanced ALP activity and OC secretion in early passage cells while TGF beta 1 exerted an opposite effect . ^^^ Serial passage of MC3T3 E 1 cells alters osteoblastic function and responsiveness to transforming growth factor beta 1 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effects of apatite , transforming growth factor beta 1 , bone morphogenetic protein 2 and interleukin 7 on ameloblast differentiation in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The upregulation of bone morphogenetic protein 2 mRNA expression was also enhanced by exogenously added transforming growth factor beta 1 in the presence of fetal calf serum . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : A combination of bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) , transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) , platelet derived growth factor ( PDGF ) , and basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) was used in a bioabsorbable , non hydroxyapatite , calcium phosphate cement . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prior in vitro studies showed that platelet derived growth factor BB ( PDGF BB ) , but not transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) , basic fibroblast growth factor , or bone morphogenetic protein 2 promoted proliferation and extracellular matrix sulfation of resting zone chondrocytes without causing the cells to exhibit a hypertrophic chondrocyte phenotype . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mesangial cell gremlin mRNA levels were induced by high glucose , cyclic mechanical strain , and TGF beta 1 in vitro , and gremlin mRNA levels were elevated in the renal cortex of rats with streptozotocin induced diabetic nephropathy in vivo . gremlin expression was observed in parallel with induction of bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) , a target for gremlin in models of cell differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) , a member of the transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) superfamily , regulates a variety of cell fates and functions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Monolayer cultures of rabbit articular chondrocytes were infected with recombinant adenovirus carrying genes encoding the following growth factors : insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) , transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGFbeta 1 ) , and bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Proliferation ( cell number and [ 3H ] thymidine incorporation ) , differentiation ( alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin ) , matrix synthesis ( [ 35S ] sulfate incorporation ; percentage of collagen production ) , and local factor production ( prostaglandin E 2 [ PGE 2 ] and transforming growth factor beta 1 [ TGF beta 1 ] ) were measured in cultures of 2T9 cells ( pre osteoblasts which exhibit osteogenesis in response to bone morphogenetic protein 2 [ BMP 2 ] ) , MG 63 human osteoblast like osteosarcoma cells , and normal human osteoblasts ( NHOst cells ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Adenovirus carrying a human transforming growth factor beta 1 complementary deoxyribonucleic acid showed signs of improved healing , but not to the extent seen with the bone morphogenetic protein 2 complementary deoxyribonucleic acid . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Runx 2 is a common target of transforming growth factor beta 1 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 , and cooperation between Runx 2 and Smad 5 induces osteoblast specific gene expression in the pluripotent mesenchymal precursor cell line C2C12 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we examined the role of these early response genes in the regulation of osteoblast ( OB ) gene expression by two members of the TGF beta superfamily , TGF beta 1 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) . ^^^ Role of activator protein 1 transcriptional activity in the regulation of gene expression by transforming growth factor beta 1 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 in ROS 17 / 2 . 8 osteoblast like cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) , a member of the transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) family , regulates osteoblast differentiation and bone formation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) are abundant proteins in the bone matrix . ^^^ Transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) are abundant proteins in the bone matrix . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TGFbeta superfamily members such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 , TGFbeta , and activin A markedly enhanced osteoclast differentiation induced by RANKL and macrophage colony stimulating factor , although each cytokine alone failed to induce osteoclast differentiation in the absence of RANKL . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) and transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) alter connexin 43 phosphorylation in MC3T3 E 1 Cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We studied the effects of TGF beta 1 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) on the differentiation / maturation of osteoblasts using the murine cell lines MC3T3 E 1 and C3H10T1 / 2 . ^^^ Opposite effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and transforming growth factor beta 1 on osteoblast differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These include transforming growth factor beta 1 , insulinlike growth factor 1 , growth and differentiation factor 5 , bone morphogenetic protein 2 , integrins , and the receptors for these molecules . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we assessed the effects of 1 , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D 3 ( D 3 ) , ascorbic acid , bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) , dexamethasone ( Dex ) , and transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) on Cbfa 1 and osteocalcin ( OCN ) mRNA steady state levels ( by semiquantitative RT PCR ) in an in vitro model of osteoblast differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We , therefore , examined the gene expression pattern of the TGF beta family members ( inhibin / activin betaA subunit ( activin betaA ) , inhibin alpha subunit , and bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) ) , the TNF family members ( receptor activator of NF KB ligand ( RANKL ) and osteoprotegerin ( OPG ) ) , and osteopontin ( OPN ) in normal , non invasive , invasive , and metastatic human breast cancer specimens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Runx 2 , on the other hand , is a common target of transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) and plays an essential role in osteoblast differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , primary human MPCs and to osteoblasts differentiated progenitor cells were examined for chemotaxis in response to human basic fibroblast growth factor ( rhbFGF ) , human transforming growth factor beta 1 ( rhTGF beta 1 ) , human platelet derived growth factor bb ( rhPDGF bb ) , human bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( rhBMP 2 ) , and recombinant bone morphogenetic protein 4 of Xenopus laevis ( rxBMP 4 ) from 0 . 001 to 1 . 0 ng / ml each . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human neuroblastoma SH SY5Y cells were used to study the effects of transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) on neuronal differentiation and acquisition of a catecholaminergic phenotype . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To investigate the effects of transforming growth factor beta ( 1 ) ( TGF beta ( 1 ) ) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) combined with heparin on odontoblast differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To elucidate the mechanism of bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) and transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) on cell differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( rhBMP 2 ) did not show distinct difference comparing with the control , but beta transforming growth factors ( TGF beta ) benefited the expression of CNTFs during nerve regeneration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the effect of osteoporosis on fracture healing through observing the histomorphological changes , bone mineral density of callus and expression and distribution of transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) in ovariectomized rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Spatial and temporal localization of transforming growth factor beta 1 , bone morphogenetic protein 2 , and platelet derived growth factor A in healing tooth extraction sockets in a rabbit model . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Another member of the TGFbeta superfamily , bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ; 100 ng / ml ) , did not induce QH 1 positive mesenchymal cell formation but promoted formation of an epithelial monolayer on the surface of the collagen gel ; this monolayer did not express QH 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Intensive bone formation was associated with a persistent increase in transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) expression , suggesting both growth factors were active in ESW promoted bone formation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Importantly , bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) and BMP 4 , members of the transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) superfamily , regulate the onset of action of NT 3 during fetal gut development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To investigate the effects of Transforming growth factor beta ( TGFbeta ) and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( rhBMP 2 ) on the proliferation and differentiation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts ( HPDLFs ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated if the inhibition of myogenesis by transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) involve regulation of voltage dependent Ca ( 2+ ) channels . ^^^ Ca2+ channel regulation by transforming growth factor beta 1 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 in developing mice myotubes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study , using Northern blot and real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses , investigated the effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) and TGF beta 1 on mRNA expression of AJ 18 and Runx 2 in a clonal osteoblast precursor cell line ROB C 26 ( C 26 ) cultured for 3 , 6 or 9 days in the presence or absence of BMP 2 . ^^^ Effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and transforming growth factor beta 1 on gene expression of transcription factors , AJ 18 and Runx 2 in cultured osteoblastic cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we describe the intramolecular disulfide bonding , solution structure , and dynamics of a prototypical chordin like CR repeat from procollagen IIA ( CR ( ColIIA ) ) , which has been previously shown to bind TGF beta 1 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cell cultures were exposed either to bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) or to isoforms of transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fibrosis stimulating growth factors ( transforming growth factor beta 1 , transforming growth factor beta 2 , bone morphogenetic protein 2 , and endothelial growth factor ) were expressed at significantly higher levels in PV CD 34 ( + ) cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human bone morphogenetic protein 2 is a representative of the transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) superfamily of cytokines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For the first time we have extracted , solubilized and identified growth factors , such as insulin growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) , bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) , and transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) , from archaeological compact human bone and tooth dentin dating from the late pre ceramic pottery Neolithic ( late PPNB ) and the early Middle Ages . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IL 11 , bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) and TGF beta mRNA expression was quantified by real time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we investigated the in vitro effect of avocado and soya unsaponifiables ( ASU ) on the expression of TGF beta 1 , TGF beta 2 , and bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) by human periodontal ligament ( HPL ) and human alveolar bone ( HAB ) cells in the presence of IL 1beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVES : To measure the expression of anabolic cytokines bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) , BMP 7 , transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) , and insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) in the anulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus tissue from young and old rabbits to determine if there are differences with age . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treatment of myoblasts with transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) decreases the number of CaV 3 channels in the plasma membrane and reduces myotube formation . ^^^ Transforming growth factor beta 1 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 downregulate CaV3 . 1 channel expression in mouse C2C12 myoblasts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recombinant protein products from six of these clones ( BMP 2 through BMP 7 ) are members of the transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) superfamily of regulatory molecules . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TGF beta 1 , beta 2 , beta 1 . 2 and the bone morphogenetic protein BMP 2 : members of the transforming growth factor type beta supergene family with different morphogenetic effects on rat astrocyte cultures . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interestingly , the inhibitory effect of TGF beta could be antagonized by the bone morphogenetic protein BMP 2 , a cytokine that is distantly related to TGF beta . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of a tld cDNA reveals three sequence motifs : an N terminal region of similarity to a metalloprotease , two EGF like repeats , and five copies of a repeat found in human complement proteins C1r and C1s . tld sequence is 41 % identical to human bone morphogenetic protein 1 ( BMP 1 ) ; the closest members to dpp within the TGF beta superfamily are BMP 2 and BMP 4 , two other bone morphogenetic proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Like BMP 2 , TGF beta 1 inhibited myogenic differentiation . ^^^ However , unlike BMP 2 , TGF beta 1 decreased ALP activity in both C 26 and C 20 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BMP 2 through BMP 7 are all in the TGF beta superfamily of molecules , and are closely related to two factors ( Vg 1 and dpp ) which are involved in a variety of developmental processes during embryogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A synergistic effect was monitored for ALK P activity in MBA 15 . 4 and MBA 15 . 6 cells under rh bone morphogenic protein ( BMP 2 ) and purified osteogenin ( BMP 3 ) , and an antagonist effect was measured when cells were exposed to transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treatment with the heterodimers BMP 2 / 6 and 2 / 7 followed by the homodimers BMP 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , and 7 induced higher levels of GFAP in these cells than either TGF beta 1 or activin when tested at the same concentration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Northern blot analyses indicate expression of mRNAs for bone morphogenetic proteins ( BMP ) 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 and transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) in Saos 2 cells , and BMP 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 7 and TGF beta in nonosteoinductive U20S human osteosarcoma cells . ^^^ Saos 2 cells exceeded U20S cells in expression levels of BMP 1 , 3 , 4 and TGF beta , whereas U20S cells expressed higher levels of BMP 2 , 6 and also expressed trace amounts of BMP 5 and 7 not seen in Saos 2 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 ( BMP 4 ) is a member of the TGF beta superfamily of polypeptide signaling molecules , closely related to BMP 2 and to Drosophila decapentaplegic ( DPP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The hormonal effects of parathyroid hormone ( PTH ) and 1 , 25 ( OH ) 2D3 combined with various growth factors ( bone morphogenic protein [ BMP 2 and BMP 3 ] , TGF beta and IGF 1 ) on these cells were monitored . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The antibody reacts with murine and human BMP 4 in both the reduced and nonreduced condition ; however , this antibody shows cross reactivity with neither human BMP 2 nor TGF beta 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TGF beta 1 potentiated the inhibitory effect of BMP 2 on myotube formation , whereas TGF beta 1 reduced ALP activity and osteocalcin production induced by BMP 2 in C2C12 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Genetic analysis suggests that the major function of tld is to augment the activity of the decapentaplegic gene product , a close relative of the TGF beta superfamily members , BMP 2 and BMP 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immobilized TGF beta 1 and BMP 2 are able to promote the differentiation of odontoblast like cells in isolated mouse dental papillae cultured in vitro . ^^^ Normal odontoblast and in vitro induced odontoblast like cells expressed transcripts encoding for TGF beta 1 and 3 , BMP 2 and 4 , bone sialoprotein and osteonectin whereas either ubiquitous expression or no expression could be detected for TGF beta 2 , IGF 1 or fibronectin mRNAs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The CFCs respond to TGF beta , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) , bone morphogenic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) , and 1 , 25 dihydroxy vitamin D 3 ( 1 , 25 OH D 3 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Other growth factors including transforming growth factor beta 1 , activin A , and inhibin A did not compete for the binding of 125I labeled BMP 2 to the cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The DPP protein is a member of the transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) superfamily and an orthologue of mammalian bone morphogenetic proteins ( BMP 2 and 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previous genetic studies ( Ferguson and Anderson , 1992 ) have shown that certain tld alleles behave antagonistically toward decapentaplegic ( dpp ) , a second zygotic dorsal ventral patterning gene whose product is most closely related to the TGF beta superfamily members BMP 2 and BMP 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These findings suggest the presence in NG 108 15 cells of a BMP 2 / BMP 4 receptor that discriminates subtle differences in structure among homologous members of the TGF beta superfamily . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Exposure of MBA 15 cells to known growth factors : BMP 2 , TGF beta , IGF 1 and PDGF or combined with 14F1 . 1 CM resulted in a dominant effect of the latter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) superfamily members , including the different TGF beta isoforms and the bone morphogenetic proteins ( BMPs ) , are thought to play a role in regulating bone and cartilage formation , and because exogenous TGF beta and BMP 2 have already been found to modulate osteoblastic differentiation of C 26 and 10T1 / 2 cells , we evaluated the endogenous expression of these factors in both cell lines cultured in the presence or absence of retinoic acid . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , transgenic mice have been used to study the role of the TGF beta related growth factors BMP 2 and BMP 4 in hair and whisker development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bmpr , also known as ALK 3 and Brk 1 , encodes a type 1 transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) family receptor for BMP 2 and BMP 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phosphorylation of MADR 1 , a human homolog of MAD , is tightly regulated and rapidly induced by BMP 2 , but not TGF beta or activin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Receptor binding characteristics demonstrate a binding of BMP 2 with high affinity ( KD = 0 . 45 nM ) on periosteal cells , and excess of TGF beta 1 does not displace BMP 4 binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surface plasmon resonance measurements show that fetuin binds directly to TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2 and with greater affinity to the TGF beta related bone morphogenetic proteins ( BMP 2 , BMP 4 , and BMP 6 ) . ^^^ Cyclized TRH 1 peptide from TbetaRII bound to TGF beta 1 with greater affinity than to BMP 2 , while the cyclized TRH 1 peptide from fetuin bound preferentially to BMP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BMP 2 and BMP 4 ( bone morphogenetic proteins ) , which belong to the TGF beta superfamily , are expressed in the early dental epithelium , and their effects on the dental mesenchyme mimic those of the epithelium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No other TGF beta cDNAs have been detected , suggesting that BMP 2 is the major dpp subgroup protein synthesized by HFR endoderm cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The non osteoinductive U 2 OS cells expressed BMP 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , and 7 as well as TGF beta 1 mRNA , while levels of BMP 1 and BMP 3 mRNA were either not detectable or detectable at a very low level in U 2 OS cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MBA 15 . 33 , MBA 15 . 4 , and MBA 15 . 6 cells were exposed to dexamethasone or to various growth factors ( bone morphogenic protein ( BMP 2 and BMP 3 ) , TGF beta , and IGF 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The pre condensation phase is characterized by expression of Hox genes , growth factors ( TGF beta and BMP 2 ) and the cell surface proteoglycan receptor , syndecan 1 . ^^^ Condensations form following activation of at least three pathways : ( 1 ) Initiation of epithelial mesenchymal interactions by tenascin , BMP 2 , TGF beta 1 and Msx 1 and 2 . ( 2 ) Up regulation of N CAM by activin . ( 3 ) Up regulation of fibronectin by TGF beta , further enhancing N CAM accumulation ( Fig . 3 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The novel assay has been used to characterize affinities and specificities of TGF beta 3 , TGF beta 2 , corresponding mutants and hybrid proteins , as well as a related protein , BMP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Of TGF beta superfamily proteins , BMP 2 enhanced alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) activity in cultured osteoblastic cells , MC3T3 E 1 , to the same level promoted by ascorbate , whereas TGF beta s ( beta 1 , beta 2 , beta 3 ) reduced ALP activity and altered cell morphology under the same conditions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activin A as well as two other TGF beta superfamily members , BMP 2 and BMP 6 has been shown to induce expression of mRNAs for several neuropeptides in cultured rat sympathetic neurons . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TGF beta 1 ( transforming growth factor beta ) and BMP 2 had no significant effect on calcium metabolism ; however , ALP activity was inhibited by TGF beta 1 and induced dose dependently by BMP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of BMP 2 and TGF beta 1 mRNA during healing of the rabbit mandible . ^^^ To identify the cell types which produce BMP and TGF beta during fracture healing and to elucidate the interactions between BMP and TGF beta in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation at various stages , an experimental model of fracture healing in the rabbit mandible was established and the expression of BMP 2 and TGF beta 1 mRNA was studied at different healing stages by in situ hybridization . ^^^ The results showed that undifferentiated mesenchymal cells , differentiating osteoblasts and chondroblasts , had higher levels of BMP 2 mRNA at the stage of intramembranous bone formation and early chondrogenesis , while the level of TGF beta 1 mRNA was higher in chondrocytes and active differentiated osteoblasts during chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
C2C12 cells expressed Smad 1 , Smad 2 , Smad 4 , and Smad 5 mRNAs , and expression levels were not altered by treatment with BMP 2 or TGF beta 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By contrast , if the cells are exposed to saturating concentrations of both BMP 2 and transforming growth factor beta 1 ( which promotes smooth muscle differentiation ) , the two factors appear codominant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of st ob in C3H10T1 / 2 cells was increased by transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) , retinoic acid and dexamethasone as well as BMP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These findings prompted us to assess the effect of glucocorticoid on BMP 2 activity in cultured bone cells , and whether either agent had a dominant influence on TGF beta binding or function . ^^^ In addition , BMP 2 suppressed the effects of cortisol on TGF beta activity , on TGF beta binding , and on gene promoter activity directed by a glucocorticoid sensitive transfection construct . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since the bone morphogenetic proteins ( BMPs ) are members of the transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) superfamily that induce the differentiation of mesenchymal precursor cells into the osteogenic cells , we identified the relevant signaling molecules responsible for mediating BMP 2 effects on mesenchymal precursor cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In animal cap explants , expression of XeHAND ( but not other markers of cardiogenic differentiation ) is strongly induced by ectopic expression of the TGFbeta family members , BMP 2 and BMP 4 , but this can be blocked by coexpression of a dominant negative BMP receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tld regulates dorsoventral patterning in early Drosophila embryos by enhancing the activity of Dpp , a member of the TGF beta family most closely related to BMP 2 and BMP 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This activity was shared by three other osteogenic bone morphogenetic proteins ( BMP 2 , BMP 4 , and BMP 7 ) and by transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) , which all inhibited the level of PTHrP mRNA . ^^^ In contrast , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) , an inhibitor of chondrocyte maturation to hypertrophy , induced PTHrP in MCT cells and antagonized the effects of BMP 2 , BMP 4 , BMP 6 , and BMP 7 and TGF beta on PTHrP expression . ^^^ Specifically , BMP 2 and BMP 4 , but not BMP 6 and BMP 7 , shared the ability of TGF beta to induce PPi release , and this activity was inhibited by bFGF in MCT cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three kinds of complexes , recombinant human BMP 2 ( rhBMP 2 ) , TGF beta and rhBMP2 / TGF beta in ceramic bovine bone ( CBB ) , were made and then implanted into the thigh muscle pouches of mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ALP levels were upregulated in the presence of osteotropic agents such as parathyroid hormone ( PTH ) , transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) , and BMP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We demonstrate that Smad 1 was rapidly phosphorylated in vivo in response to both TGF beta 3 and BMP 2 as determined using an antibody against the epitope tagged Smad 1 being expressed . ^^^ In addition , both TGF beta 3 and BMP 2 increased Smad 1 Smad4 hetero oligomerization in Hs578T cells . ^^^ Visualization of Smad 1 nuclear translocation with the aid of green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) in live cells demonstrated nuclear accumulation of GFP Smad 1 fluorescence in response to either TGF beta or BMP 2 stimulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Combinations with TGF beta 1 , PDGF BB and BMP 2 strongly stimulated an osteoblast differentiation parameter ( alkaline phosphatase activity ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study shows that in addition to TGF beta 1 and beta 3 , endoglin interacts with activin A , bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP ) 7 , and BMP 2 but requires coexpression of the respective ligand binding kinase receptor for this association . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activin / TGFbeta and BMP 2 / BMP 4 therefore have distinct and reciprocal cardiac inducing capacities that mimic the tissues in which they are expressed , the pregastrula hypoblast and anterior lateral endoderm , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of BMP 2 is regulated accurately and coordinately with that of other transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) superfamily members . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gene expression of BMP 3b in osteoblastic cells and its regulation by prolonged culture , BMP 2 and transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) were examined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Type IIA procollagen containing the cysteine rich amino propeptide is deposited in the extracellular matrix of prechondrogenic tissue and binds to TGF beta 1 and BMP 2 . ^^^ A solid phase binding assay showed no reaction with bFGF or IGF 1 , however , binding was observed with TGF beta 1 and BMP 2 , both known to induce endochondral bone formation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As no synergistic effect was seen with combinations of 1 , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D ( 3 ) and other osteotrophic growth factors , including BMP 2 , IGF 1 , and basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) , it would seem likely that the synergistic interaction is specific for TGF beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Heterotopic endochondrial ossification with mixed tumor formation in C 3 ( 1 ) / Tag transgenic mice is associated with elevated TGF beta 1 and BMP 2 expression . ^^^ We demonstrate that TGF beta 1 protein accumulates in the extracellular matrix of the lesions , whereas RNA in situ hybridization reveals that BMP 2 , another strong inducer of heterotopic bone formation , is overexpressed by the proliferating epithelial cells during the development of ectopic bone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three dimensional collagen gel culture experiments of the AV endocardium show that 1 ) myocardially derived inductive signals upregulate the expression of AV endothelial TGFbeta 3 at the onset of EMT , 2 ) TGFbeta 3 needs to be expressed by these endothelial cells to trigger the initial phenotypic changes of EMT , and 3 ) myocardial BMP 2 acts synergistically with TGFbeta 3 in the initiation of EMT . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we show that differentiation of ES cells in vitro into chondrocytes can be modulated by members of the transforming growth factor beta family ( TGF beta ( 1 ) , BMP 2 and 4 ) . ^^^ The number of Alcian blue stained areas decreased slightly after application of TGF beta ( 1 ) , whereas BMP 2 or 4 induced chondrogenic differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Stimulation of primary osteoblast cultures with rh TGF beta , rh bFGF , rh BMP 2 and rx BMP 4 in an in vitro model ] . ^^^ For that purpose , human osteoblast like cells ( HPOC ) were incubated in the presence of either recombinant BMP 4 of the genome of xenopus laevis ( rxBMP 4 ) , recombinant human BMP 2 ( rhBMP 2 ) , transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) or basic fibroblast growth factor ( rh bFGF ) in two different concentrations each ( 10 ng / ml and 50 ng / ml ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both TGF beta 1 and cis retinoic acid stimulation markedly increased PTHrP mRNA levels , while BMP 2 and PTHrP stimulation decreased the expression of this transcript . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , BMP 2 , osteocalcin , and TGF beta , which are bone differentiating markers , apoptosis associating factors ( i . e . , Bcl 2 , Bax , Fas , and Fas ligand ) , apoptotic cells detected by the in situ 3 ' end labeling method ( TUNEL ) , and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) were immunohistochemically examined in the heads ( in particular , the jaw bone and tooth germs ) of human fetuses of 11 week pregnancy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The transforming growth factor ( beta ) ( TGFbeta ) superfamily members BMP 2 , BMP 4 , BMP 7 and activin , all of which are transiently expressed in anterior endoderm mimic distinct aspects of its patterning actions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The BMP 2 ( 16 fold ) , BMP 4 ( 4 fold ) , and activin ( 1 3 fold ) also induced TIEG mRNA levels , but at reduced degrees compared to TGF beta ( 24 fold ) , and only at much higher cytokine concentrations , e . g . , 50 100 ng / ml , compared to 2 ng / ml for TGF beta . ^^^ As with TGF beta , BMP 2 treatment of hFOB cells was shown by confocal microscopy to induce a rapid translocation of the TIEG protein to the nucleus . ^^^ In summary , the relative potencies of these TGF beta family members to induce TIEG expression generally follows the general osteoinductive capacity of these cytokines , with TGF beta > > > BMP 2 > BMP 4 > activin > > BMP 6 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mGDF precursor exhibits characteristic features of the TGF beta superfamily and shows highest homology with human BMP 2 and Drosophila DPP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While TGF beta ( 1 ) inhibited osteocalcin secretion from HOB M cells , both phenytoin and BMP 2 significantly stimulated it . ^^^ These results indicate that the stimulatory action of phenytoin on osteocalcin secretion in normal human bone cells is mediated , at least partly , through the upregulation of BMP 2 , rather than that of TGF beta ( 1 ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BMP 2 is a homodimeric cysteine knot protein that , as a member of the transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) superfamily , signals by oligomerizing type 1 and type 2 receptor serine kinases in the cell membrane . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although mRNAs of TGF betas ( TGF beta 1 , TGF beta 2 and TGF beta 3 ) were detected , those of inhibin / activin ( alpha , betaA and betaB subunits ) and BMPs ( BMP 2 , BMP 4 and BMP 7 ) could not be detected in the cells , suggesting that neither activins nor BMPs are produced in F 5 5 . fl cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In culture , BMP 2 and TGFbeta promote neurogenesis at the expense of a smooth muscle like fate in clusters of neural crest derived multipotent progenitor cells . ^^^ In addition to its neurogenic activity , TGFbeta but not BMP 2 also induces apoptosis as an alternative fate in cultured progenitor communities . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We examined immunohistochemically the fracture repair process in rat tibial bone using antibodies to PCNA , BMP 2 , TGF beta 1 , 2 , 3 , TGF beta R 1 , R 2 , bFGF , bFGFR , PDGF , VEGF , and S 100 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TGFbeta and BMP 2 activation of the OPN promoter : roles of smad and hox binding elements . ^^^ Functional analyses demonstrated that the both the HBE and Smad binding region were involved in BMP 2 induced activation of the promoter , whereas , the HBE appeared to be the primary region involved in activation by TGFbeta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of PTHrP and its regulation by TGF beta , BMP 2 , and PTHrP was examined in upper sternal chondrocytes following 1 , 3 , and 5 days of continuous treatment . ^^^ While TGF beta stimulated the expression of PTHrP ( 5 fold ) , PTHrP caused a slight inhibition , and BMP 2 markedly inhibited PTHrP mRNA expression . ^^^ The effect of these factors on PTHrP expression was not simply related to the maturational state of the cells , since BMP 2 increased , while both PTHrP and TGF beta decreased the expression of type 10 collagen . ^^^ The effect of TGF beta , BMP 2 , and PTHrP on the PTHrP promoter paralleled their effects on mRNA expression , with TGF beta significantly increasing CAT activity , BMP 2 decreasing CAT activity , and PTHrP having a minimal effect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this report , we show that the effect of TGF beta family members , TGF beta 1 and activin A , but not BMP 2 , enhance multinucleated osteoclast like cell ( OCL ) formation induced by receptor activator of NF kappaB ligand ( RANKL ) in isolated bone marrow macrophages and monocytic cell line , RAW264 . 7 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of BMP 2 , TGF beta , bFGF in guided bone regeneration ] . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : To study the mechanism of guided bone regeneration combined with osteoinduction by observation of expression of BMP 2 , TGF beta , bFGF . ^^^ Randomly , one defect enveloped with silicon membrane was tested , and the other served as control , sacrificed at 3 days , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 weeks after surgery for histological observation , immunohistochemical staining of BMP 2 , TGF beta , bFGF and in situ hybridization of their cDNA probes . ^^^ Similar expression of BMP 2 , TGF beta , bFGF between the test groups and control groups was noted . ^^^ Osteocytes in the bone ends and osteoblasts lining callus surface started to express BMP 2 , TGF beta at first week after surgery . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because TGF beta and BMP 2 exert similar effects , we examined if this signaling is stimulated by both factors and analyzed the relationship between this signaling and the Smads in osteoblasts . ^^^ BMP 2 and TGF beta stimulated Ras , MAPK , and AP 1 activities . ^^^ The stimulation of AP 1 by BMP 2 and TGF beta was dependent on Smad signaling , and anti Smad 4 antibody interfered with AP 1 activity . ^^^ Thus , BMP 2 and TGF beta activate both Ras / MAPK / AP 1 and Smad signaling in osteoblasts with Smads modulating AP 1 activity . ^^^ To determine the roles of MAPK in BMP 2 and TGF beta function , we analyzed the effect of ERK and p 38 inhibitors on the regulation of bone matrix protein expression and JunB and JunD levels by these two factors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We studied MT 1 MMP expression in mature human odontoblasts and pulp tissue , the regulation of MT 1 MMP expression by growth factors TGF beta 1 and BMP 2 , and the activation of odontoblast derived MMP 20 by MT 1 MMP . ^^^ BMP 2 down regulates MT 1 MMP expression in odontoblasts and pulp tissue , while TGF beta 1 , alone or with BMP 2 , decreases MT 1 MMP mRNA levels only slightly . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We employed this protocol to screen 1920 gene trap lines to identify targets and mediators of signaling through three growth factors of the TGFbeta superfamily BMP 2 , activin and nodal . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Members of the transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta ) superfamily namely , TGF beta and BMP 2 applied to undifferentiated murine embryonic stem cells up regulated mRNA of mesodermal ( Brachyury ) and cardiac specific transcription factors ( Nkx2 . 5 , MEF2C ) . ^^^ In an environment of postmitotic cardiomyocytes , stem cells engineered to express a fluorescent protein under the control of a cardiac promoter differentiated into fluorescent ventricular myocytes beating in synchrony with host cells , a process significantly enhanced by TGF beta or BMP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of combined IGF 1 and TGF beta 1 application with BMP 2 application in spinal fusion . ^^^ METHOD : Forty sheep underwent C3 / 4 discectomy and fusion : group 1 : titanium cage ( n=8 ) , group 2 : titanium cage coated with a PDLLA carrier ( n=8 ) , group 3 : titanium cage coated with a PDLLA carrier including BMP 2 ( n=8 ) , group 4 : titanium cage with a collagen carrier including BMP 2 ( n=8 ) , and group 5 : titanium cage coated with a PDLLA carrier including IGF 1 and TGF beta 1 ( n=8 ) . ^^^ In comparison to the cage groups ( groups 1 and 2 ) , the cage plus BMP 2 ( groups 3 and 4 ) and the cage plus IGF 1 and TGF beta 1 group ( group 5 ) demonstrated a significantly higher fusion rate in radiographic findings , a higher biomechanical stability , an advanced interbody fusion in histomorphometric analysis , and an accelerated interbody fusion on fluorochrome sequence labeling . ^^^ The BMP 2 group ( group 3 ) showed significantly lower residual motion on functional radiographic evaluation and higher intervertebral bone matrix formation on fluorochrome sequence labeling at 9 weeks in comparison to the IGF I / TGF beta 1 group ( group 5 ) . ^^^ In contrast , the IGF I / TGF beta 1 group ( group 5 ) showed a significantly higher bone mineral density of the callus than the BMP 2 group ( group 3 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we have investigated selective gene induction by BMP 2 , TGF beta 1 and activin A in relation to their ability to control differentiation of mouse mesenchymal precursor cells C2C12 into osteoblastic cells . ^^^ TGF beta 1 can inhibit BMP 2 induced differentiation of these cells , whereas activin A was found to be without morphogenetic effect . ^^^ Furthermore , a set of transcripts was identified , which was oppositely regulated by TGF beta 1 and BMP 2 . ^^^ Based on the inverse biological effects of TGF beta 1 and BMP 2 on C2C12 cells , these genes are important candidates for controlling the process of growth factor induced osteoblast differentiation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Regulation of human erythropoiesis by activin A , BMP 2 , and BMP 4 , members of the TGFbeta family . ^^^ Activin A , BMP 2 , and BMP 4 , members of the TGFbeta family , have been implicated in the regulation of hematopoiesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we demonstrate that a large subset of TGF beta superfamily members and their type 1 receptors are differentially co expressed as VSMC phenotype changes during fetal / neonatal development and that BMP 2 , 4 , and 6 reciprocally regulate SM marker mRNA and protein expression in vitro . ^^^ The effects of BMP 2 , 4 , and 6 on SM marker gene transcription are mediated through a consensus TGF beta controlling element , the TCE , which is common to regulatory regions of SM marker genes . ^^^ Moreover , co treatment experiments revealed that BMP 2 , 4 , and 6 each inhibit TGF beta 1 modulated increases in SM22alpha reporter gene activity . ^^^ Regardless of whether they positively or negatively regulate SM marker expression , TGF beta 1 and BMP 2 , 4 , and 6 all induced binding of the Krppel like transcription factor , GKLF / KLF4 , to the TGF beta control element . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To further complete this study and to support this hypothesis , we developed an in vitro model of bone repair and examined the effects of RGTA alone or in association with FGF 2 , BMP 2 , and TGF beta 1 which are representative of HBGFs known to stimulate bone repair . ^^^ We show that in 8 days , RGTA slightly inhibits repair alone compared to the control ( 2 % FBS ) , that it inhibits the mitogenic effect of FGF 2 , and that it amplifies the inhibitory effect of BMP 2 and TGF beta 1 . ^^^ The results show that the presence of RGTA ( 1 ) amplified the number of labeled nuclei compared to the control , ( 2 ) added to FGF 2 or TGF beta 1 , it reduced the number of labeled nuclei compared to FGF 2 or TGF beta 1 alone , and ( 3 ) in the presence of BMP 2 , it amplified the number of labeled nuclei compared to BMP 2 alone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , TGF beta 1 alone and with BMP 2 significantly upregulated MMP 9 mRNA by 2 . 4 fold and by 2 . 6 fold , respectively , in odontoblasts , while in pulp tissue no effects could be detected . ^^^ Transforming growth factor beta 1 ( 1 ng ml ( 1 ) ) and BMP 2 ( 100 ng ml ( 1 ) ) did not markedly affect MMP 20 mRNA expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : The results indicated that TGF beta 1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation at concentration as low as 0 . 1 ng / ml , but both BMP 2 and BMP 4 did not affect cell proliferation at concentration as high as 10 ng / ml . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The bone morphogenetic protein , BMP 2 , a member of the TGFbeta superfamily , induces osteoblast differentiation and functions through the Smad signal transduction pathway during in vivo bone formation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : In vitro experiments with A 549 cells showed that AdLMP 1 infected cells express elevated levels of BMP 2 , BMP 4 , BMP 6 , BMP 7 , and TGF beta 1 ( transforming growth factor beta 1 ) protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , although both TGF beta 1 and BMP 2 stimulate the activation of HSCs , they have different effects on HSC proliferation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that the most studied BMPs in adult articular cartilage are BMP 7 and BMP 2 as well as transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Alternative splicing of type 2 procollagen pre mRNA in chondrocytes is oppositely regulated by BMP 2 and TGF beta 1 . ^^^ Our results demonstrate that BMP 2 favors expression of type IIB whereas TGF beta 1 potentiates expression of type IIA induced by subculture . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using degenerated PCR primers to identify known and novel BMPs that are expressed in the developing chicken heart , we identified not only BMP 2 , 4 , and 7 mRNA , but also the TGFbeta superfamily member cVg 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , bone homeostasis depends upon the intimate coupling of bone formation and bone resorption , wherein both osteoclasts and osteoblasts exert vital stimulatory and inhibitory effects upon each other via molecules such as RANKL , TGFbeta , PDGF , BMP 2 , and Mim 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BMP 2 induced Runx 2 expression is mediated by Dlx 5 , and TGF beta 1 opposes the BMP 2 induced osteoblast differentiation by suppression of Dlx 5 expression . ^^^ We found that Dlx 5 is specifically expressed in osteogenic cells , and is specifically induced by BMP 2 or 4 signaling but not by other osteotrophic signals or other TGF beta superfamily members . ^^^ In addition , blocking or overexpressing each transcription factor indicated that Dlx 5 is an indispensable mediator of BMP 2 induced Runx 2 expression but is not involved in TGF beta 1 induced Runx 2 expression . ^^^ Moreover , TGF beta 1 opposed BMP 2 induced osteogenic transdifferentiation through Dlx 5 suppression by de novo induction of AP 1 . ^^^ Taken together , these results indicate that Dlx 5 is an indispensable regulator of BMP 2 induced osteoblast differentiation as well as the counteraction point of the opposing TGF beta 1 action . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the induction of colX by BMP 2 was not affected by overexpression of either wild type or dominant negative ATF 2 , indicating specificity for TGF beta signaling . ^^^ In contrast , although TGF beta does not activate CRE / CREB signaling , dominant negative CREB enhanced colX expression in control and in TGF beta and BMP 2 treated cultures . ^^^ Thus , ATF 2 regulates chondrocyte maturation as a direct target of TGF beta signaling while CREB regulates differentiation by targeting genes independent of the individual signaling effects of TGF beta or BMP 2 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This review presents functional data on TGF beta 1 in cartilage formation , BMP 2 and BMP 3 in bone formation , and a role of the BMP regulatory protein noggin in BMP 2 processing . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They include GDNF , neurturin , persephin , HGF , BMP 2 , BMP 7 , FGF 10 , activin , and TGFbeta ( all of which control development of the ureteric bud ) ; TGFalpha , TIMP 2 , BMP 4 , and BMP 7 ( all of which control development of the mesenchyme ) ; LIF , FGF 2 , TGFbeta , Wnt 4 , sFrp , Notch , and Jagged ( all of which control nephron development ) ; and VEGF ( which controls vascularization ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine the mechanism of BMP 2 stimulation , chondrocytes were cultured with TGF beta ( transforming growth factor beta ) , insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) , interleukin 1beta ( IL 1beta ) , and tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ) . ^^^ In cell culture , IL 1beta and TNF alpha increased BMP 2 mRNA and protein levels by eightfold and fifteenfold , respectively , whereas IGF 1 and TGF beta 1 had no effect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study we report mRNA levels of the recently discovered Lim mineralization protein splice variants ( LMP 1 , LMP 2 , LMP 3 ) and the established osteotropic growth factors BMP 2 , BMP 6 , BMP 7 , TGF beta , IGF 1 , IGF 2 and b FGF in human iliac crest bone . ^^^ Semi quantitative RT PCR was performed for TGF beta , IGF 1 , IGF 2 , BMP 2 , BMP 6 , BMP 7 , bFGF , LMP 1 , LMP 2 and LMP 3 using beta actin as internal standard . ^^^ TGF beta , BMP 2 and BMP 7 values did not differ between age groups , but generally a higher variation was found among older patients . ^^^ Higher variation in the expression of TGF beta , BMP 2 and BMP 7 was found in the older age groups , but whether or not this can be correlated to age related changes in bone turnover requires further studies . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CBFA 1 could interact with Smad 1 , Smad 2 , Smad 3 , and Smad 5 , so it was involved in TGF beta and BMP 2 signal transduction , and played an important role in the bone formation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Other transforming growth factor ( TGF beta ) family proteins , bone morphogenetic proteins ( BMP 2 and BMP 4 ) show similar inductive effects on 20 gonads in culture . ^^^ Although neither BMP 2 nor BMP 4 is expressed in embryonic XY gonads , our findings suggest that a TGF beta signalling pathway endogenous to the XY gonad may be involved in regulation of mesonephric cell migration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Synovial lining cells produced BMP 2 and BMP 4 after TGFbeta stimulation , whereas BMP 2 and BMP 4 were absent in the synovial tissue after macrophage depletion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treatment of cultured whole embryonic kidney with BMP 2 , BMP 4 , activin , or TGF beta 1 leads to statistically significant differences in the overall size of the kidney , the number of UB branches , the length and angle of the branches , as well as in the thickness of the UB stalks . ^^^ These data suggest an important direct modulatory role for BMP 2 , BMP 4 , LIF , TGF beta 1 , and activin ( as well as their antagonists ) on growth and branching of the UB , possibly in shaping the growing UB by playing a role in determining the number of branches , as well as where and how the branches occur . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the current studies , BMP 2 , BMP 4 , TGF beta 1 , and IGF 1 were measured in demineralized bone matrix . ^^^ A strong association was noted between BMP 2 and TGF beta 1 levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using U87human astrocytoma cells , which express TGFbeta receptors ( TbetaRs ) , we show ( 1 ) mRNA expression of Smads ( 2 , 3 , 4 ) , bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP ) and activin A receptors ; ( 2 ) TGFbeta 1 inhibits and HGF induces proliferation ; ( 3 ) TGFbeta 1 and activin A equipotently inhibit HGF secretion more than BMP 2 , but none alters c Met expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HtrA 1 inhibited signaling by Bmp 4 , Bmp 2 , and Tgfbeta 1 in C2C12 cells , presumably by preventing receptor activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Local and controlled release of growth factors ( combination of IGF 1 and TGF beta 1 , and BMP 2 alone ) from a polylactide coating of titanium implants does not lead to ectopic bone formation in sheep muscle . ^^^ The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of IGF 1 , TGF beta 1 and BMP 2 released from a newly developed application systems of orthopaedic implants to induce ectopic bone formation in muscles . ^^^ Titanium discs were coated on one side with the drug carrier poly ( d , l lactide ) ( PDLLA ) , with the carrier plus IGF 1 and TGF beta 1 or with the carrier plus BMP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this context , we demonstrated that BMP 2 favours expression of type IIB whereas TGF beta 1 potentiates expression of type IIA induced by subculture . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Studies of the promoter activity of these DNA constructs in transient transfected cells revealed that deletion of a 33 bp region rendered the promoter unresponsive to OP 1 , BMP 6 , and CDMP 1 without affecting BMP 2 and TGF beta 1 responsiveness . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BMP 2 significantly increased transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGFbeta 1 ) and BMP 7 mRNA expression 2 . 32 and 2 . 45 times , respectively , compared with control . ^^^ BMP 2 also up regulates mRNA expression for BMP 7 and TGFbeta but has no significant effect on the BMPRs . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In conclusion , this study demonstrates that BMP 2 and TGFbeta 1 suppress collagenase 3 promoter activity in osteoblasts and establishes a link between BMP 2 action and collagenase 3 expression via Runx 2 , a major regulator of osteoblast formation and function . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previous in vivo studies were able to demonstrate the efficacy of locally released growth factors IGF 1 , TGF beta 1 , and BMP 2 from a poly ( D , L lactide ) ( PDLLA ) implant coating on fracture healing . ^^^ Titanium K wires coated with the lactide loaded with IGF 1 and TGF beta 1 ( alone and in combination ) or BMP 2 were added to the culture in a non contact manner and the fusion , resorption activity ( pit formation assay ) , and TRAP 5b synthesis of the cells were analyzed . ^^^ The resorption activity of the osteoclasts analyzed on dentine chips was significantly enhanced after application of TGF beta 1 or BMP 2 . ^^^ TGF beta 1 affects both the osteoclastogenesis and the activity of osteoclasts , whereas BMP 2 had an effect only on the activity of mature osteoclasts but not on the fusion of the PBMNCs . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BMP 2 , a member of the TGFbeta superfamily , and the Runx 2 ( AML3 / Cbfa1 ) transcription factor , a downstream BMP 2 effector , are regulatory signals required for osteoblast differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our findings suggest that TGFbeta / BMP 2 signaling , MAPK dependent phosphorylation , and Runx 2 subnuclear targeting converge to induce the osteogenic phenotype . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of tenascin W is induced by BMP 2 but not by TGF beta 1 , though the latter is a potent inducer of tenascin C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overexpression of MAN 1 results in inhibition of R Smad phosphorylation , heterodimerization with Smad 4 and nuclear translocation , and repression of transcriptional activation of the TGFbeta , BMP 2 , and activin responsive promoters . ^^^ This repression of TGFbeta , BMP 2 , and activin signaling is dependent on the MAN 1 Smad interaction because a point mutation that disrupts this interaction abolishes the transcriptional repression by MAN 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treatment with BMP 2 , 4 , 6 , 7 , and TGF beta 1 exhibited a dose dependent suppression of DNA synthesis by porcine thyrocytes . ^^^ BMP 2 , 4 , 6 , 7 , and TGF beta 1 suppressed TSH receptor mRNA expression on thyrocytes , which was consistent with their suppressive effect on TSH induced cAMP synthesis and TSH induced insulin like growth factor 1 expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Real time RT PCR was performed with the use of rabbit specific primers for 1 ) extracellular matrix ( ECM ) component genes : collagen type Ia and IIa , and aggrecan ; 2 ) catabolic genes : matrix metalloprotease 3 ( MMP 3 ) , inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) , and interleukin 1beta ( IL 1beta ) ; 3 ) anabolic growth genes : bone morphogenic protein 2 , and 7 ( BMP 2 , 7 ) , transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) , and insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) ; and 4 ) anti catabolic gene : tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease 1 ( TIMP 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate a possible biological function of the pro form of bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP ) 2 , a member of the TGF beta family , mature BMP 2 , proBMP 2 , and the isolated pro peptide were recombinantly produced in Escherichia coli cells , and a biophysical comparison was performed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While growth factors such as transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGFbeta 1 ) and bone morphogenetic proteins ( BMP 2 and BMP 4 ) seem to be involved in the proliferation and differentiation of pulp cells , little is known about the migration of the newly proliferating stem cells to the injury site . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show that adenoviral overexpression of TAK1a in articular chondrocytes stimulated type 2 collagen protein synthesis 3 6 fold and mimicked the response to TGF beta 1 and BMP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The earliest changes ( days 1 3 ) involved accelerated expression profiles for IGF 1R and VEGF and up regulation of TGF beta 2 , TbetaRI , BMP 2 , BMP 7 , and Cbfa 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Within 4 hours of treatment , exposure to Tat is followed by up regulation of some cell cycle associated genes ( transcription factors , cyclin / cdk complexes , genes of apoptotic pathways ) and of genes relevant to HIV pathogenesis [ chemokine receptors ( CXCR 4 , CCR 3 ) , chemotactic cytokines ( SDF 1 , RANTES , SCYC 1 , SCYE 1 ) , IL 6 family cytokines , inflammatory cytokines , factors of the TGF beta family ( TGFb , BMP 1 , BMP 2 ) ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BMP 2 belongs to the TGFbeta superfamily , and the BMP 2 BMP4 genes are involved in thymocyte differentiation by blocking progression from CD 4 CD8 to CD4+CD8+ while maintaining a sufficient pool of immature precursors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We describe a protocol designed to turn on expression of cardiac specific genes in undifferentiated murine ES cells stimulated with BMP 2 and / or TGF beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that adenoviral mediated expression of TGF beta 1 and BMP 2 , but not IGF 1 , induced chondrogenesis of MSCs as evidenced by toluidine blue metachromasia and immunohistochemical detection of type 2 collagen . ^^^ Chondrogenesis was inhibited in aggregates modified to express > 100 ng / ml TGF beta 1 or BMP 2 ; however , this was found to be partly due to the inhibitory effect of exposure to high adenoviral loads . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro studies used mouse embryonic limb bud cells and assessed Runx expressions by immunohistochemistry and real time RT PCR in the presence and absence of TGFbeta and BMP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , addition of BMP 2 to TGFbeta and dexamethasone dramatically increased cartilage pellet size and the synthesis of cartilage matrix . ^^^ We demonstrated that the combination of TGFbeta , dexamethasone , and BMP 2 was optimal for in vitro chondrogenesis of synovium derived MSCs and that the synovium derived MSCs have a greater chondrogenesis potential than bone marrow derived MSCs . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Differentiation dependent up regulation of BMP 2 , TGF beta 1 , and VEGF expression by FGF 2 in human bone marrow stromal cells . ^^^ After each phase , cells were transferred into serum free medium with or without FGF 2 at different concentrations and for different times , and the expression of BMP 2 , TGF beta 1 , and VEGF was quantified at the mRNA level by real time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction . ^^^ RESULTS : In response to 5 ng / ml FGF 2 for 24 hours , the mRNA expression of VEGF increased at both culture phases ( up to 6 . 1 fold ) , whereas that of BMP 2 and TGF beta 1 significantly increased only after the expansion ( 3 . 1 fold ) or differentiation phase ( 2 . 1 fold ) , respectively . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : The authors ' results indicate that FGF 2 up regulates the expression of BMP 2 , TGF beta 1 , and VEGF in human bone marrow stromal cells , in a pattern dependent on the cell differentiation stage . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using standard immunohistochemical techniques , samples were stained for platelet derived growth factor ( PDGF ) , transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) and bone morphogenetic proteins 2 , 4 and 7 ( BMP 2 , 4 , 7 ) , matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 3 ( MMP 1 , 3 ) , the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , a marker for endothelial cells ( CD 31 ) and type 4 collagen ( Col 4 ) . ^^^ RESULTS : Positive staining for PDGF , bFGF , TGF beta , BMP 2 , 4 , and 7 was noted in cells and matrix components . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Quantitative RT PCR analysis revealed the up regulation of the cartilage markers MIA , collagen type 2 and aggrecan in human mesenchymal stem cell ( HMSC ) cultures differentiated in the presence of MIA and TGF beta 3 or BMP 2 when compared to HMSC cultures differentiated in the presence of TGF beta 3 or BMP 2 alone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , the aim of this study was to evaluate possible differences in serum levels of BMP 2 , BMP 4 , and TGF beta 1 in patients with normal and delayed fracture healing . 103 patients with diaphyseal fractures of long bones were recruited prospectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Northern and Western blot analyses revealed that TGF beta , BMP 2 , and cortisol increased CYR 61 and CTGF mRNA and protein levels . ^^^ TGF beta decreased NOV and increased WISP 2 mRNA and protein levels , and TGF beta and BMP 2 increased , whereas cortisol decreased WISP 1 mRNA and protein levels . ^^^ Nuclear run on assays revealed that TGF beta , BMP 2 and cortisol enhanced CYR 61 and CTGF transcription , TGF beta and BMP 2 induced and cortisol suppressed WISP 1 , and TGF beta induced WISP 2 transcription . ^^^ In conclusion , five of the six known CCN genes are expressed by osteoblasts and their transcription is regulated by TGF beta , BMP 2 and cortisol . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chondrocytes were treated with TGF beta and BMP 2 , and effects on maturation related genes and BMP / TGF beta responsive reporters were examined . ^^^ In contrast , Smad 1 , Smad 5 , BMP 2 , and BMP 6 expression was increased , suggesting a shift from TGF beta toward BMP signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Fourteen New Zealand White rabbits were divided into experimental groups to receive an intradural injection ( < 10 microL ) of saline alone or saline in combination with recombinant transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) or an adenoviral vector containing the cDNA for either TGF beta 1 ( at previously established therapeutic or elevated concentrations ) or bone morphogenic protein 2 ( BMP 2 ) . ^^^ RESULTS : No neurological deficits developed in any of the animals receiving injections of saline alone or saline in combination with the therapeutic dose of Ad TGF beta 1 , Ad BMP 2 , or with recombinant TGF beta 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MFB F 11 cells were highly induced by TGF beta 1 , TGF beta 2 and TGF beta 3 , but did not show induction with related family members activin , nodal , BMP 2 and BMP 6 or with trophic factors bFGF and BDNF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Collective review : bioactive implants coated with poly ( D , L lactide ) and growth factors IGF 1 , TGF beta 1 , or BMP 2 for stimulation of fracture healing . ^^^ The effect of different growth factors ( IGF 1 , TGF beta 1 , and BMP 2 ) locally released from coated intramedullary implants on fracture healing was investigated with biomechanical and histological analysis in rats . ^^^ The local application of combined IGF 1 and TGF beta 1 had the most stimulating effect on fracture healing , followed by the effect of BMP 2 , IGF 1 , and TGF beta 1 alone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Wnt8c further enhanced canonical bone morphogenetic proteins ( BMP 2 ) induced expression of Runx 2 and col10a1 while Wnt8c and Wnt9a inhibited TGF beta induced expression of Sox 9 and col2a1 . ^^^ Altogether we demonstrate that Wnt / beta catenin signaling is regulated by TGF beta and BMP 2 in chick upper sternal chondrocytes , and mediates chondrocyte hypertrophy at least partly through activation of Runx 2 which in turn may induce col10a1 expression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BMP1 / TLD like proteinases also liberate the vertebrate TGF beta like morphogens BMP 2 and 4 and their invertebrate ortholog decapentaplegic , from latent complexes with the vertebrate extracellular antagonist chordin and its invertebrate ortholog short gastrulation ( SOG ) , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In Western blot analysis , this antibody showed a strong binding affinity to commercially available mature myostatin and demonstrated a certain level of cross reactivity with recombinant human BMP 2 but not with recombinant human TGF beta 3 or porcine TGF beta 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS AND RESULTS : To test this hypothesis , we treated primary cultures of human aortic valve ICs with osteogenic media , bone morphogenic proteins ( [ BMPs ] BMP 2 , BMP 4 , and BMP 7 ) , and tissue growth factor beta ( [ TGF beta ] TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 3 ) for 21 days . ^^^ A cytokine protein array revealed that atorvastatin treatment ( 100 micromol / L ) of human valve ICs caused a downregulation in levels of expression of BMP 2 , BMP 6 , TGF beta 1 , and TGF beta 3 after 24 hours . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Differential regulation of osteoadherin ( OSAD ) by TGF beta 1 and BMP 2 . ^^^ We tested sensitivity of the promoter to the two TGF beta family members TGF beta 1 and BMP 2 . ^^^ We found TGF beta 1 to down regulate OSAD , while BMP 2 up regulates OSAD . ^^^ As a consequence of how OSAD is regulated by TGF beta 1 and BMP 2 and its temporal expression pattern in osteoblasts and bone development , we can conclude OSAD as an early marker for terminally differentiated matrix producing osteoblasts . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Probes for the Tgfb 1 , 2 , and 3 , Bmp 2a and 3 , and Vgr 1 genes recognized only single loci , whereas the Bmp 2b probe recognized two independently segregating loci ( designated Bmp 2b1 and Bmp 2b2 ) . ^^^ Five of the eight loci ( Tgfb 1 , Bmp 2a , Bmp 2b1 , Bmp 2b2 , Vgr 1 ) mapped near mutant loci associated with connective tissue and skeletal disorders , raising the possibility that at least some of these mutations result from defects in TGF beta related genes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It shares 75 % sequence homology with the c terminal region of two recently cloned human bone morphogenetic proteins ( BMP 2A , BMP 2B ) , also members of the TGF beta family . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bone morphogenetic protein 2A ( BMP 2A ) is a member of the transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) gene family that has been implicated in cartilage and bone formation . ^^^ The expression patterns of BMP 2A are different from those of TGF beta 1 , 2 and 3 , and this is illustrated in detail in the developing whisker follicles . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The murine Vgr 1 ( Vg related ) and BMP 2a ( bone morphogenetic protein 2a ) genes are members of the decapentaplegic subgroup of the transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) superfamily . ^^^ Temporally and spatially distinct patterns of BMP 2a , Vgr 1 , TGF beta 1 , and TGF beta 2 expression are also seen in different populations of mesenchymal cells in the developing skeletal system ( cartilage and bone ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P12643 and P01137	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While BMP 1 appears to be unrelated to other known growth factors , the derived amino acid sequence of BMP 2A , 2B , and 3 indicate that they are new members of the TGFb gene family . ^^^