Pubmed abstracts for Protein-Protein Interaction search result :

Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :1.0199518
Gel shift analysis using anti RAR alpha and anti RXR alpha antibodies revealed that the translated RAR alpha bound to RARE as a heterodimer with RXR alpha . 1.0199518^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.61376522
Another member of the retinoid receptor family , retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXR alpha ) , can also form a complex with RAR alpha and the AF 1 element . 0.61376522^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.80456841
PLZF RARalpha and PML RARalpha have essentially the same ligand binding affinities and can bind in vitro to retinoic acid response elements ( RAREs ) as homodimers or heterodimers with RXRalpha . 0.80456841^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.98370459
STAT5b RARalpha bound to retinoic acid response elements ( RAREs ) both as a homodimer and as a heterodimer with RXRalpha and inhibited wild type RARalpha / RXRalpha transactivation . 0.98370459^^^ Thus , STAT5b RARalpha contributes to myeloid maturation arrest by binding to RARE as either a homodimer or as a heterodimer with RXRalpha resulting in the recruitment of SMRT and inhibition of RARalpha / RXRalpha transcriptional activity . 0.90937146^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.84195743
In gel shift assays , NuMA RARalpha bound to retinoic acid response elements ( RAREs ) both as a homodimer and as a heterodimer with RXRalpha . 0.84195743^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of RNA extracted from skin specimens demonstrated expression of RAR alpha and RAR gamma transcripts , as well as expression of the homologous low affinity receptor , RXR alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we investigated the expression of RA receptors RAR alpha , RAR beta , RAR gamma , and retinoid 10 receptor RXR alpha by Northern blot analysis of poly ( A ) + RNA of testes of vitamin A deficient rats before and after reinitiation of spermatogenesis induced by injection of retinol acetate or RA and testes of 21 day old and 10 week old normal rats . ^^^ In the testis of vitamin A deficient rats 1 . 9 , 2 . 8 , and 3 . 8 kilobase ( kb ) transcripts of RAR alpha ; 2 . 8 and 3 . 3 kb transcripts of RAR beta ; 1 . 8 , 2 . 8 , and 3 . 4 kb transcripts of RAR gamma ; and two transcripts of RXR alpha of 2 . 5 and 4 . 8 kb are expressed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In a more recent series of experiments , we found that site A is a retinoic acid ( RA ) response element that responds preferentially to the recently identified RA responsive receptor RXR alpha over the previously characterized RA receptors RAR alpha and RAR beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To test this hypothesis in hematopoietic cells , we used retrovirus mediated gene transduction to introduce the RA receptors RAR alpha , RAR beta , and RAR gamma as well as RXR alpha into a mutant subclone of the HL 60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line ( designated HL 60R ) that is relatively resistant to RA induced granulocytic differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RXR alpha complexes with RAR alpha , RAR beta , and RAR gamma bound selectively to retinoic acid responsive elements from the human RAR beta 2 gene ( hRAR beta 2 ) , the gene of the rat cellular retinol binding protein 1 and the human apolipoprotein A 1 gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The retinoic acid induced activation was 3 4 fold higher with RXR alpha than with either RAR alpha or RAR beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , the level of all trans RA was greater than the ED 50 for RXR alpha whereas the 4 OH RA level was greater than the ED 50 for RAR beta and RAR gamma but less than for RAR alpha and RXR alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It was , however , possible to activate to a certain extent RAR beta RARE reporter constructs in NHK by co transfecting RAR alpha 1 , RAR beta 2 or RXR alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , it was found that site A is a highly selective retinoic acid responsive element ( RARE ) that responds preferentially to the recently identified retinoic acid receptor RXR alpha over the previously characterized retinoic acid receptors RAR alpha and RAR beta . ^^^ Control experiments indicated that a RARE in the regulatory region of the laminin B 1 gene responds preferentially to RAR alpha and RAR beta over RXR alpha , while a previously described palindromic thyroid hormone responsive element responds similarly to all three of these receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
According to results obtained with polymerase chain reaction assisted mRNA detection , they transcribe the genes for cellular retinol and cellular retinoic acid binding proteins , for the nuclear retinoic acid receptors , RAR alpha , gamma , and RXR alpha , but not RAR beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The DNA binding efficiency of RAR alpha / retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXR alpha ) heterodimers was enhanced in vitro by the S369E mutation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have investigated the effects of chronic retinoid status and age on the steady state levels in rat liver of the mRNAs for the retinoid responsive gene apolipoprotein A 1 ( apo A 1 ) , and for three nuclear retinoid receptors , RAR alpha , RAR beta , and RXR alpha . ^^^ Neither chronic diet nor age affected the levels of mRNA for RAR alpha or RXR alpha , two major retinoid receptors in liver , or for RAR beta , a receptor known to be autoregulated by RA . ^^^ Although vitamin A did not have a significant effect on the mRNA levels of the receptors examined in this study , they are still likely to be involved in regulating apo A 1 gene expression because in vitro studies have shown that both RAR alpha and RXR alpha bind to the regulatory region of the apo A 1 gene . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All cell lines expressed mRNAs for RAR alpha , RAR beta , RAR gamma , and RXR alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The nuclear receptors for retinoic acid ( RAR alpha , beta , gamma and RXR alpha , beta , gamma ) as well as PSA mRNA were determined by Northern blot using specific oligonucleotide probes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In co transfections with RAR alpha , beta , gamma and RXR alpha expression vectors , a reporter gene construct consisting of the AFP RARE 1 sequence ligated upstream of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( CAT ) gene showed strong RA responsiveness to RAR alpha and RXR alpha with 15 and 25 fold increases in CAT activity , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In an in vivo transient transfection assay , the all E isomer activated a reporter gene containing a retinoic acid response element ( RARE ) with efficiency similar to ( all E ) RA when expression vectors for either RAR alpha , RAR beta , RAR gamma alone or RAR alpha together with RXR alpha were cotransfected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Six retinoid receptors belonging to two families are currently known : retinoic acid receptors ( RAR alpha , beta , and gamma ) and retinoid 10 receptors ( RXR alpha , beta , and gamma ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transient cotransfection of HeLa cells was used to measure the ability of each retinoid to induce transcription of a reporter gene by activating RAR alpha , RAR beta , RAR gamma , or RXR alpha chimeric constructs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since nuclear retinoid receptors are implicated in the biological effects of RA , we examined the expression of retinoic acid receptors ( RARs ) RAR alpha , RAR beta , RAR gamma , and the retinoid 10 receptors ( RXRs ) RXR alpha , RXR beta , and RXR gamma in the RA resistant cell lines by northern blotting and by RNase protection analysis for RAR beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using NTera2 / clone D 1 ( NT2 / D1 ) human embryonal carcinoma cells as a model , we report that the RA induced terminal differentiation of these cells into a neuronal phenotype is characterized by an increase in expression of RAR alpha , RAR beta , RAR gamma , and a slight induction of RXR alpha . ^^^ To study the role of these receptors in the differentiation process we individually overexpressed RAR alpha , beta , gamma and RXR alpha in NT2 / D1 cells by cDNA transfection . ^^^ Using induced cDNA expression by episomal vector amplification we show that RAR gamma over expression causes the terminal mesenchymal differentiation of these cells while over expression of RAR alpha , beta and RXR alpha has no observed maturation or growth inhibitory effects . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All three types of RARs RAR alpha , beta , gamma and RXR alpha are able to stimulate AP 1 activity on the proximal hChAT promoter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OA alone induced chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( CAT ) activity in cells transfected with RAR alpha , RAR beta , RXR alpha , RXR beta , or RXR gamma ( 3 to 18 fold induction ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Physical and functional interaction of the Epstein Barr virus BZLF 1 transactivator with the retinoic acid receptors RAR alpha and RXR alpha . ^^^ Viral reactivation , which is triggered by the immediate early BZLF 1 ( Z ) viral gene product , is repressed by retinoic acid receptors ( RARs ) RAR alpha and RXR alpha . ^^^ These results indicate that a ' cross coupling ' or direct interaction between Z and RAR alpha and RXR alpha can modulate the reactivation of latent EBV infection and suggest that , reciprocally , the viral protein Z may influence cellular regulatory pathways . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retinoic acids exert a wide range of biological activities following binding to the cognate nuclear receptors , which has several members ( RAR alpha , beta , gamma and RXR alpha , beta , gamma ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interestingly , three different RA receptor : retinoid 10 receptor ( RAR : RXR ) heterodimers , RAR alpha : RXR alpha , RAR beta : RXR alpha , and RAR beta : RXR beta , specifically bind and activate Oct 3 / 4 promoter through the RAREoct site in a ligand dependent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression levels of human RAR alpha ( hRAR alpha , receptor for all trans RA ) and the human retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( hRXR alpha receptor for 9 cis RA ) were determined by Northern blot analysis . ^^^ Human RAR alpha was expressed in H 9 , U 937 and THP 1 cells , but almost undetectable in CEM cells . ^^^ Human RAR alpha expression was unchanged in H 9 and CEM cells , and elevated in U 937 cells , after PMA stimulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A phenotypic synergy was observed when the RXR alpha mutation was introduced into RAR alpha or RAR gamma mutant backgrounds : RXR alpha null mutants and RXR alpha + / / RAR gamma / double mutants displayed similar ocular defects , which became more severe in RXR alpha / / RAR gamma+ / and RXR alpha / / RAR gamma / mutants . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects of RA are due largely to regulation of gene transcription , mediated by retinoic acid receptors ( RAR alpha , RAR beta , RAR gamma ) and retinoid 10 receptors ( RXR alpha , RXR beta , RXR gamma ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retinoic acid ( RA ) is known to inhibit the chondrogenic differentiation of C 5 . 18 cells and this may parallel the teratogenic effects of retinoids in vivo ; however , the question as to which of the 3 retinoic acid receptors ( RAR alpha , beta , gamma ) or the 3 retinoid 10 receptors ( RXR alpha , beta , gamma ) mediate this RA induced inhibition remains unanswered . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Northern blot analysis of poly ( A ) + mRNA from cells treated with compound CD 367 , alpha bromopalmitate , or a combination of both agonists , did not show a dramatic effect , if any , on the expression of RAR alpha , RAR gamma , RXR alpha and RXR beta genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hep G 2 and HL 60 cells express RAR alpha and RXR alpha proteins at approximately 20 60 fmol receptor / mg protein , and RAR beta is expressed at lower levels ( approximately 5 fmol / mg ) in Hep G 2 cells . ^^^ MCF 7 cells in culture express RAR alpha ( approximately 32 fmol / mg ) , RAR gamma ( approximately 35 fmol / mg ) , and RXR alpha ( approximately 60 fmol / mg ) . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Northern analyses showed that RAR alpha and RAR beta were not significantly regulated , while RAR gamma was up regulated and retinoid 10 receptor alpha was down regulated by 9 cis RA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Among the two classes of retinoid acid receptors ( RARs ) and retinoid 10 receptors ( RXRs ) , RAR alpha , RAR gamma , RXR alpha and RXR beta mRNAs could be detected in growing adipoblasts and were found to be increased in committed preadipocytes and differentiated cells upon retinoid treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RAR alpha and RXR alpha were preferentially expressed in dental epithelia , whereas RAR gamma and RXR gamma were transcribed in the dental mesenchyme . ^^^ The pattern of CRABPI transcripts overlapped at least partially with expressions of all the studied nuclear receptors whereas CRABPII epithelial expression was superimposed with the transcription of RAR alpha , RXR alpha and RXR beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Messenger RNA for RAR alpha , RAR beta , RAR gamma , RXR alpha , CRBP 1 and CRABP 2 was detected by Northern blotting of total RNA extracted from cultured epithelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ATRA did not affect the expression of either receptor , whereas 9 cis RA increased RXR alpha mRNA expression in a dose dependent manner , but did not affect levels of RAR alpha mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine whether the expression of the mRNAs of the receptors is related to the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ( HNSCC ) , we used digoxigenin labeled antisense riboprobes of RAR alpha , RAR beta , RAR gamma , RXR alpha , and RXR beta for in situ hybridization to histological sections of specimens from 7 normal volunteers and 31 HNSCC patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In P 19 cells trans activation of the rCRBPII promoter by RXR alpha 5 in the absence of exogenous ligand was inhibited by RAR alpha and the constitutive forms of RAR alpha , RAR beta , RAR gamma , RXR beta , and to a lesser extent RXR gamma . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These are the RAR alpha , RAR beta and RAR gamma genes and the RXR alpha , RXR beta and RXR gamma genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The levels of RAR alpha , RAR beta , RXR alpha mRNA increased by 12 , 7 , and 3 fold , respectively , during trophoblast differentiation , while the levels of RAR gamma mRNA remained relatively constant ; and the increase in retinoid receptor mRNA expression preceded the increase in the expression of placental lactogen ( hPL ) , a specific marker of syncytiotrophoblast cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have determined protein levels of total and individual nuclear retinoic acid ( RAR alpha , beta , gamma ) and retinoid 10 ( RXR alpha , beta , gamma ) receptors by ligand binding , Western analysis , and gel shift assays , in adult human skin , a major retinoid responsive tissue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have found that RAR alpha , RXR alpha and COUP TF do not enhance T 3 responsiveness and therefore they may not interact with T3R alpha in NG 108 15 cells on this regulatory sequence . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In these assays , in vitro translated RAR alpha and RXR alpha were found to bind efficiently as heterodimers in gel retardation assays ; weak binding of RAR alpha homodimers was observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The NRRE also interacts with heterodimers formed between RXR alpha and either ARP 1 , EAR 2 , EAR 3 , the retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RAR alpha ) , or the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ( PPAR ) . ^^^ Cotransfection experiments in human choriocarcinoma JEG 3 cells have shown that the HIV 1 LTR driven transcription is activated by RXR alpha and RAR alpha in the presence of 9 cis and all trans retinoic acid , by PPAR and RXR alpha in the presence of clofibric acid and 9 cis retinoic acid , and by the `` orphan ' ' receptors HNF 4 and NGFI B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In a previous report we showed that in yeast cells , heterodimers of the retinoic acid receptors RAR alpha and RXR alpha were required for efficient transcription of a reporter gene containing a DR 5 element [ Heery et al . , ( 1993 ) ; Proc . ^^^ Here we report that DR 1 to DR 5 elements containing a direct repeat of the 5 ' AGGTCA 3 ' motif , and an inverted repeat of the same sequence with no spacer ( IR 0 ) , behave as RAREs in yeast cells coexpressing RAR alpha and RXR alpha , albeit with different efficacies . ^^^ Similarly , homodimers of RAR alpha selectively stimulated the transcription of a DR 5 reporter in a ligand dependent manner , but less efficiently than RAR alpha / RXR alpha heterodimers . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It has a particular selectivity profile for the known nuclear retinoic acid receptors with low affinity for RAR alpha and no transactivating potential for RXR alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two types of retinoid receptors have been identified , the retinoic acid receptors ( RAR alpha , beta and gamma ) and the retinoid 10 receptors ( RXR alpha , beta , and gamma ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As determined by Northern blot analysis of total as well as poly ( A ) + RNA , application of 10 nmol of TPA to mouse skin led to decreased expression of RAR alpha , RAR gamma and RXR alpha mRNA at 3 . 5 h after treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Priming with 10 nM RA , or subsequent treatment with D 3 ( 5 nM ) , did not alter expression of mRNAs encoding receptors for D 3 ( VDR ) , RA ( RAR alpha ) or 9 CIS RA ( RXR alpha , beta , gamma ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To clarify the biologic role of retinoic acid compounds ( all trans , 9 cis , and 13 cis retinoic acid ) in hematopoietic cells , we studied their effects on clonal growth , differentiation , and expression of RAR alpha and RXR alpha genes in HL 60 cells . ^^^ Steady state levels of RAR alpha mRNA in HL 60 cells were not affected by either 9 cis and all trans retinoic acid . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As demonstrated by gel retardation assays , Ro 41 5253 and two related new RAR alpha antagonists do not influence RAR alpha / RXR alpha heterodimerization and DNA binding . ^^^ This suggests a ligand induced conformational change , which may be necessary for the interaction of the DNA bound RAR alpha / RXR alpha heterodimer with other transcription factors . ^^^ This RAR alpha conformation seems to allow RAR alpha / RXR alpha binding to DNA but not the subsequent transactivation of target genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When the TGF beta 1 promoter activity is induced by 12 O tetradecanoyl phorbol 13 acetate ( an activator of AP 1 controlled gene transcription ) , this activity can be strongly repressed by retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RAR alpha ) , RAR beta , or retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXR alpha ) as well as other members of the nuclear receptor family . ^^^ Heterodimerization of RAR alpha or RAR beta with RXR alpha did not modify the inhibition activities of these receptors , indicating that heterodimer formation is not required for antagonizing of AP 1 activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , RA has no effect on the activity of the mouse CRBPII promoter in the human colon carcinoma cell line CaCo 2 which constitutively expresses RAR alpha , RAR gamma , RXR alpha , HNF 4 , and ARP 1 , under conditions where the activity of the RAR beta 2 gene promoter is readily induced by RA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The inhibitory effects of these analogues may be mediated by nuclear retinoic acid receptors as mRNA encoding RAR alpha , RAR gamma , and RXR alpha were present , and RAR beta was induced by RA in human lung fibroblasts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A `` dominant negative ' ' effect was observed when PLZF RAR alpha fusion proteins were cotransfected with vectors expressing RAR alpha and retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXR alpha ) . ^^^ PLZF RAR alpha fusion proteins generated from the variant t ( 11 ; 17 ) ( q 23 ; q 21 ) translocation in acute promyelocytic leukemia inhibit ligand dependent transactivation of wild type retinoic acid receptors . ^^^ Recently , we described a recurrent variant translocation , t ( 11 ; 17 ) ( q 23 ; q 21 ) , in acute promyelocytic leukemia ( APL ) which juxtaposes PLZF , a gene encoding a zinc finger protein , to RARA , encoding retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RAR alpha ) . ^^^ We have now cloned cDNAs encoding PLZF RAR alpha chimeric proteins and studied their transactivating activities . ^^^ In transient expression assays , both the PLZF ( A ) RAR alpha and PLZF ( B ) RAR alpha fusion proteins like the PML RAR alpha protein resulting from the well known t ( 15 ; 17 ) translocation in APL , antagonized endogenous and transfected wild type RAR alpha in the presence of retinoic acid . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we demonstrate that the retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RAR alpha ) and retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXR alpha ) inhibit the ability of the Z protein to transactivate the viral early promoter BMRF 1 , which directs transcription of EA D . ^^^ Z can also reciprocally inhibit RAR alpha and RXR alpha induced activation of an autoregulated cellular promoter for the RAR beta gene ( BRE ) through a non DNA binding mechanism . ^^^ RXR alpha inhibits Z from binding to the AP 1 motif in the BMRF 1 promoter and , reciprocally , Z inhibits RAR alpha from binding to its retinoic acid response element in the BRE promoter . ^^^ These results suggest that a direct protein protein interaction between Z ( the viral protein ) and RAR alpha and RXR alpha ( cellular proteins ) can modulate the reactivation of latent EBV infection . . ^^^ RXR alpha inhibits Z from binding to the AP 1 motif in the BMRF 1 promoter and , reciprocally , Z inhibits RAR alpha from binding to its retinoic acid response element in the BRE promoter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using a domain swapping approach , we demonstrate that chimeric RAR alpha 1 and RXR alpha containing the DNA binding domain of the estrogen receptor activate transcription of a cognate reporter gene in yeast , independently of each other . ^^^ These activities result from an inducible transcription activation function located in the ligand binding domains of RAR alpha 1 and RXR alpha and a constitutive activation function located in the A / B region of RAR alpha 1 . ^^^ Transactivation of a reporter gene containing a retinoic acid response element by RAR alpha was considerably increased by RXR alpha , even in the absence of ligand . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using the mouse CRBPII promoter as a reporter gene , we now report that the AB regions of RAR alpha , beta and gamma , as well as those of RXR alpha and gamma , contain an autonomous , ligand independent activation function , AF 1 , which can efficiently synergize with AF 2s . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Differential changes of retinoid 10 receptor ( RXR alpha ) and its RAR alpha and PML RAR alpha partners induced by retinoic acid and cAMP distinguish maturation sensitive and resistant t ( 15 ; 17 ) promyelocytic leukemia NB 4 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Northern blot analysis revealed high levels of mRNA for retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXR alpha ) , moderate levels of mRNA for retinoic acid receptor gamma ( RAR gamma ) , and low levels of mRNA for RAR alpha and RXR beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To gain a better understanding of such a synergistic effect , the expression of retinoic acid receptors ( RAR alpha and beta ) and retinoid 10 receptor ( RXR alpha ) was studied by immunoblotting in RA and EGF treated cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These are the retinoic acid receptors ( RAR alpha , RAR beta , RAR gamma ) and the retinoid 10 receptors ( RXR alpha , RXR beta , RXR gamma ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , the expression of retinoic acid receptors ( RAR alpha , beta and gamma ) and retinoid 10 receptors ( RXR alpha , beta and gamma ) was examined by Northern blot analysis in rat adipose tissue and mouse 3T3 L 1 adipose cells . ^^^ The adipose tissue and / or 3T3 L 1 cells expressed mRNAs for a number of nuclear retinoid receptors , including RAR alpha , beta and gamma , and RXR alpha , beta and gamma . ^^^ RAR alpha , RAR gamma , RXR alpha and RXR beta mRNAs were abundant in adipose tissue and 3T3 L 1 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( CAT ) assay demonstrates that the TR 2 orphan receptor competes with CRBPIIp and RARE beta CAT gene expression activated by retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXR alpha ) and retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RAR alpha ) / RXR alpha heterodimers , respectively . ^^^ In addition , this suppression may not be mediated by the formation of heterodimers between TR 2 orphan receptor and either RXR alpha or RAR alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RA induces RAR gamma 2 > RAR gamma 1 in BZR T 33 cells but expression at the total cellular RNA level of RAR alpha and RXR alpha is not augmented by RA treatment . ^^^ In contrast , over expression of the other examined retinoid receptors inhibited BZR T 33 cellular cloning efficiency prior to RA treatment and in this decreasing order after RA treatment : RAR alpha > RAR beta > RXR alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By comparing the interaction properties of these receptors with mSUG 1 and TIF 1 , we demonstrate that : ( 1 ) RXR alpha efficiently interacts with TIF 1 , but not with mSUG 1 , whereas TR alpha interacts much more efficiently with mSUG 1 than with TIF 1 , and RAR alpha , VDR and ER efficiently interact with mSUG 1 and TIF 1 ; ( 2 ) the amphipathic alpha helix core of the AF 2 AD is differentially involved in interactions of RAR alpha with mSUG 1 and TIF 1 ; ( 3 ) the AF 2 AD cores of RAR alpha and ER are similarly involved in their interaction with TIF 1 , but not with mSUG 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treatment of APL cells with 9 cis RA , 13 cis RA or analogs of RAR alpha or RXR alpha also failed to induce apoptosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is thought that retinoids restore normal cell growth and differentiation by means of nuclear retinoic acid ( RA ) receptors ( RAR alpha , beta , and gamma ) and retinoid 10 receptors ( RXR alpha , beta , and gamma ) . ^^^ Four cell lines expressed mRNAs for RAR alpha , RAR beta , RAR gamma , and RXR alpha . ^^^ RAR alpha , RAR beta , RAR gamma , RXR alpha , and RXR beta mRNAs were detected by in situ hybridization in specimens from normal oral mucosa , and all but RAR beta were also expressed in most of the adjacent normal , hyperplastic , dysplastic , and malignant HN tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of retinoid receptors RAR alpha and RXR alpha induces differentiation and apoptosis , respectively , in HL 60 cells . ^^^ Retroviral vector mediated gene transfer was used to introduce the normal retinoic acid receptor ( RAR alpha ) or retinoid 10 receptor ( RXR alpha ) into HL 60R cells . ^^^ Our results suggest that ligand induced activation of RAR alpha is sufficient to induce differentiation in HL 60 cells , whereas activation of RXR alpha can induce direct apoptosis of these cells without their prior commitment to differentiate . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There are two classes of nuclear receptors for retinoids , retinoic acid receptors ( RAR alpha , beta , gamma ) and retinoid 10 receptors ( RXR alpha , beta , gamma ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No differences were observed in RAR alpha and RXR alpha mRNA expression levels between control and treated cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There are two families of retinoid receptors , the retinoic acid receptor ( RAR ) family and the retinoid 10 receptor ( RXR ) family , which are each further divided into three subclasses : RAR alpha , beta , gamma and RXR alpha , beta , gamma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We present preliminary evidence from RT PCR that all six retinoid receptors , the three retinoic acid receptors ( RARs ) , and the three retinoid 10 receptors ( RXRs ) , are present in the normal tail blastema and that after retinoid treatment RAR alpha , RXR alpha , and RXR beta may be up regulated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both 9Z and all E isomers of these retinoids were evaluated in binding assays for cellular retinoic acid binding proteins ( CRABP 1 and CRABP 2 ) , a nuclear retinoic acid receptor ( RAR alpha ) , and a nuclear retinoid 10 receptor ( RXR alpha ) . ^^^ The retinoids were also evaluated in gene expression assays mediated by RAR alpha and RXR alpha homodimers or RAR alpha / RXR alpha heterodimers . ^^^ Consistent with the binding affinities , the ( all E ) UAB retinoids activated gene transciption mediated by RAR alpha homodimers or RAR alpha / RXR alpha heterodimers , while the ( 9Z ) UAB isomers activated only the RXR alpha homodimer mediated transcription . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We were looking for the expression pattern of RAR alpha , beta , gamma and RXR alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RAR alpha ) , RAR gamma , and retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXR alpha ) are the major retinoid receptor subtypes expressed when ECE 16 1 cells are grown in retinoid free medium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we provide evidence that the UCP responsiveness to RA in primary cultures of brown adipocytes involves RA receptor alpha ( RAR alpha ) , and show , in the same system and also in CHO cells , that RA down regulates the steady state levels of RAR alpha and especially of retinoid 10 receptor alpha , suggesting autoregulation of the retinoid pathway and therefore supporting the idea of a physiological role for it in controlling the thermogenic capacity of BAT . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TCDD treatment decreased the mRNA levels of C / EBP alpha and PPAR gamma 2 but did not affect the mRNA levels of RXR alpha and RAR alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Northern analysis showed that U 937 cells constitutively expressed RAR alpha , VDR and RXR alpha mRNAs . ^^^ RA or D 3 alone or in combination did not affect RAR alpha and VDR expression , while 9 cis RA and 9 cis RA plus all trans RA significantly reduced RXR alpha expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By immunoblotting with rabbit polyclonal antibodies directed against RAR alpha , beta , and gamma and RXR alpha and beta , we could only detect the presence of RAR alpha and RXR alpha proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The data indicate that human uterine smooth muscle cells express retinoic acid receptors RAR alpha , beta , and gamma , and retinoid 10 receptors RXR alpha and beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Increasing evidence suggests that the retinoid 10 receptors ( RXR alpha , beta , gamma ) play a crucial role in regulating the transcriptional activity of several steroid hormone receptors , including the receptors for retinoic acid ( RAR alpha , beta , gamma ) , 1 , 25 dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and thyroid hormone . ^^^ We investigated the localization of the different types of RXR alpha , beta , gamma and RAR alpha , beta , gamma proteins in frozen sections of normal human skin ( n = 12 ) in situ , applying recently raised corresponding specific monoclonal antibodies and an immunohistochemical technique that we established for the detection of these nuclear receptors . ^^^ Our findings indicate that RXR alpha , beta , gamma and RAR alpha , beta , gamma proteins can be detected by immunohistochemistry in normal human skin . ^^^ In contrast to RXR alpha , beta , gamma as well as RAR alpha and RAR gamma proteins that were consistently detected in cell layers of the viable epidermis , RAR beta was only focally demonstrated in single epidermal cells in three out of 12 biopsies analysed . ^^^ Immunohistochemical labelling of RAR alpha , beta , gamma and RXR alpha , beta , gamma proteins in epidermal nuclei was also pronounced in the stratum granulosum , suggesting a function of RXR and RAR proteins in the transition from proliferation to differatiation in epidermal keratinocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retinoid signals are mediated by two classes of nuclear receptors : the retinoic acid receptors ( RAR alpha , beta , and gamma ) and the retinoid 10 receptors ( RXR alpha , beta and gamma ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro expression of a cloned PML RAR alpha with the observed mutation in R 4 confirms that this amino acid change causes the loss of ligand binding , but the mutant PML RAR alpha protein retains the ability to heterodimerize with RXR alpha and thus to bind to retinoid response elements ( RAREs ) . ^^^ R 4 cells have lost retinoid regulation of RXR alpha and RAR beta and the RA induced loss of PML RAR alpha protein seen in NB 4 cells , but retain retinoid induction of CD 18 and CD 38 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ability of all trans retinoic acid ( atRA ) , interferon alpha2a ( IFN alpha2a ) or a combination thereof to modulate the growth of three human cervical carcinoma cell lines ( ME 180 , MS 751 and CaSki ) and the relationship between responsiveness and the expression of cytosolic retinoid binding proteins ( CRBP and CRABP 2 ) , nuclear RA receptors ( RAR alpha , beta and gamma ) and retinoid 10 receptor ( RXR alpha ) were investigated . atRA induced an antiproliferative effect on two of the cell lines ( ME 180 > MS 751 ) , whereas CaSki was much less responsive . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Transcripts of nuclear retinoid receptors were detected in formalin fixed , paraffin embedded specimens by use of digoxigenin labeled riboprobes specific for RAR alpha , RAR beta , RAR gamma , RXR alpha , RXR beta , and RXR gamma for in situ hybridization to histologic specimens from 79 patients with NSCLC and as control from 17 patients with non lung cancer . ^^^ RAR alpha , RXR alpha , and RXR gamma were expressed in more than 95 % of the NSCLC specimens . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : These data suggest that the expression of RAR alpha , RXR alpha , and RXR gamma is not altered in NSCLC ; however , expression of RAR beta and possibly also of RAR gamma and RXR beta is suppressed in a large percentage of patients with lung cancer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have investigated the functional specificity of different retinoid 10 receptor ( RXR ) retinoic acid ( RA ) receptor ( RAR ) isotype pairs for the control of expression of endogenous RA responsive genes , by using wild type ( WT ) , RXR alpha ( / ) , RAR alpha ( / ) , RAR gamma ( / ) , RXR alpha ( / ) RAR alpha ( / ) , and RXR alpha ( / ) RAR gamma ( / ) F 9 cells , as well as panRXR and RAR isotype ( alpha , beta , and gamma ) selective retinoids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have previously established germ line mutations in mice in the genes that encode the RAR alpha 1 , RAR beta , and RXR alpha retinoic acid receptors as a means of studying the function of these receptors in vivo . ^^^ Although mutation of RXR alpha results in fetal ventricular defects , the RAR alpha 1 and RAR beta mutations are apparently nonphenotypic in the heart and elsewhere . ^^^ Malformations of the ventricular chamber ( chamber hypoplasia and muscular ventricular septal defects ) , conotruncus ( double outlet right ventricle , transposition , and membranous ventricular septal defects ) , aortic sac ( persistent truncus arteriosus and aorticopulmonary window ) , and aortic arch derived arteries were recovered in various combinations of the RAR alpha 1 , RAR beta , and RXR alpha gene mutations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To characterize the dimerization of retinoid receptors in solution , RAR alpha homodimers and RAR alpha RXR alpha heterodimers , formed in the absence or the presence of a naturally occurring RA response element ( betaRARE ) under different ionic conditions , were analyzed by size exclusion fast protein liquid chromatography and sucrose density gradient sedimentation . ^^^ In the presence of [ 3H ] RA both RAR alpha and RXR alpha existed primarily as monomers of 50 kDa in solutions containing 80 mM KCl . ^^^ However , when betaRARE was included in these incubations , a 40 fold increase in the occurrence of both the RAR alpha homodimers and the RAR alpha RXR alpha heterodimers ( 125 kDa ) was observed . ^^^ The presence of RAR alpha and RXR alpha in the betaRARE associated homo and heterodimers was confirmed by the positive interaction of the receptors with the specific antibodies . ^^^ Both RAR alpha homodimers and RAR alpha RXR alpha heterodimers bound betaRARE even in the absence of the ligand RA with the heterodimer showing a 2 to 4 fold greater affinity than the homodimer for the DNA binding element . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) analysis demonstrated expression of cytoplasmic retinol binding protein , CRBPI , cytoplasmic retinoic acid binding protein , CRABPII , and nuclear retinoic acid receptors , RAR alpha , RARgamma , RXR alpha , and RXRbeta , but not CRABPI or RARbeta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of RARs and RXRs was investigated by Northern blotting and , for stromal cells , there were no differences in expression of RAR alpha , RAR beta , RAR gamma and RXR alpha between the proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle . ^^^ Similarly , for epithelial tissue , there were no significant differences between the proliferative and secretory phases with respect to the expression of RAR alpha , RAR gamma and RXR alpha . ^^^ Overall , the levels of expression of RAR alpha , RAR beta and RAR gamma were 1 . 7 to 4 fold higher in stromal cells compared to epithelial cells whereas RXR alpha was expressed at a similar level in both cell types . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In HeLa cells , the inhibition is observed when RAR alpha and / or RXR alpha but not RAR beta or RAR gamma expression vectors are cotransfected , whereas the endogenous retinoid receptors in breast cancer cells T 47D and ZR 75 1 were sufficient to confer the inhibition by RME . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Some defects were phenocopies of those seen in null mutant mice for RXR alpha ( / ) , RXR alpha ( / ) / RAR alpha ( / ) , and RAR alpha ( / ) / RAR gamma ( / ) , confirming that RA transactivation of its nuclear receptors is essential for normal embryogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In dermal papilla cells , by contrast with RAR beta which was always expressed , RAR alpha and RAR gamma were not constantly expressed . ^^^ In dermal sheath fibroblasts , both RAR alpha , RAR beta and RAR gamma mRNAs were moderately expressed , while in the epithelial compartment , namely the plucked hair , we observed the expression of the same genes in the absence of RAR beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show here that a mutant TR beta [ corrected ] identified in a patient with RTH inhibited the transcriptional activities of , not only the wild type TR beta , but also other nuclear receptors including retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXR alpha ) , vitamin D 3 receptor ( VDR ) and retinoic acid receptor ( RAR alpha ) . ^^^ Namely , the mutant TR beta interferes with VDR and RAR alpha by competition for binding to the corresponding response elements , but the pathway through RXR alpha is mainly inhibited by squelching of RXR alpha in solution . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since retinoids suppress keratinizing differentiation , in this paper we studied the expression of the major retinoid receptors normally present in keratinizing squamous epithelia : RAR alpha , RAR gamma and RXR alpha . ^^^ In cyclic rats and steroid treated ovariectomized rats , RXR alpha and RAR gamma were detected in basal and suprabasal cells while RAR alpha was mainly localized in suprabasal cells . ^^^ In the uterine epithelium , RAR alpha , RAR gamma and RXR alpha expression was induced by estrogens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The acute promyelocytic leukemia ( APL ) t ( 15 ; 17 ) rearrangement fuses the promyelocytic leukemia ( PML ) gene to the retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RAR alpha ) . ^^^ There is expression of the chimeric transcript , PML / RAR alpha , in these APL cells . ^^^ The NB 4 APL cell line expresses PML / RAR alpha and responds to the growth inhibitory and differentiation inducing signals of ATRA . ^^^ When cultured in ATRA , these resistant cells still express PML , RAR alpha , and PML / RAR alpha proteins . ^^^ Sequence abnormalities were not detected in the RAR alpha DNA binding domains cloned from a representative RA resistant NB 4 line . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Their action is mediated by nuclear receptors , retinoic acid receptors ( RAR alpha , RAR beta , RAR gamma ) and retinoid 10 receptors ( RXR alpha , RXR beta , RXR gamma ) and modulated by cellular retinol binding proteins ( CRBP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of this null mutation has been compared with those previously described for RAR gamma 2 and all RAR gamma isoforms ( total RAR gamma gene inactivation ) , both in single mutants and in double mutants bearing additional null mutations in their RAR alpha , RAR beta or RXR alpha genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RAR beta mRNA and gene expression were increased after incubation with 10 microM at RA , whereas RAR alpha and RXR alpha mRNA levels and expression remained unchanged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Under identical conditions both liganded ( holo ) and apo RAR alpha delta AB were present as single monomeric species . apo RXR alpha delta AB tetramers , as well as dimers of the apo RXR ligand binding domain ( apo LBD ) , dissociated readily into monomers when exposed to their cognate ligand 9 cis retinoic acid ( 9c RA ) . ^^^ No RXR alpha delta AB or RAR alpha delta AB homodimers could be observed in solution , but upon mixing of the two receptor monomers stable heterodimers could be isolated which bound to DR 5 response elements in a highly cooperative manner . ^^^ The presence of ligand did not alter the stability of RXR alpha delta AB homodimer or RXR alpha delta AB RAR alpha delta AB heterodimer complexes on DR 1 and DR 5 response elements , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of mutant mice lacking both RARs and RXRs indicates that RXR alpha : RAR gamma heterodimers are instrumental in the patterning of craniofacial skeletal elements , whereas RXR alpha : RAR alpha heterodimers may be preferentially involved in the generation of neural crest cell derived arterial smooth muscle cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We wished to determine the effect of altering the levels or functional activity of retinoid receptors , in particular retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RAR alpha ) and retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXR alpha ) on the growth sensitivity of ovarian tumor cells to all trans retinoic acid ( all trans RA ) . ^^^ Antisense technology was then used to prepare stable transfectants of the retinoid sensitive ovarian carcinoma cell line CA OV 3 in which expression of RAR alpha , RXR alpha , or both RAR alpha and RXR alpha was reduced . ^^^ Our results show that cell lines expressing reduced levels of either RAR alpha alone or RXR alpha alone exhibited a small decrease in sensitivity to growth inhibition by all trans RA . ^^^ However , maximum RA resistance was obtained in cell lines in which the levels of both RAR alpha and RXR alpha were reduced . ^^^ These results demonstrate the importance of both retinoid nuclear receptors and retinoid 10 receptors in general , and RAR alpha and RXR alpha in particular , as mediators of ovarian carcinoma cell growth inhibition by retinoids . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In wild type F 9 cells and derivatives lacking RAR gamma , RAR alpha , and / or RXR alpha , we observed a direct relationship between the level of retinoic acid metabolic activity and retinoic acid induced P450RAI mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The RA receptor alpha ( RAR alpha ) isoform bound to the oligomer representing the sequences between 125 and 100 as a heterodimer complex with the retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXR alpha ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In situ hybridization with 35S labeled sense and antisense probes for the RARs , alpha , beta , gamma and RXRs , alpha , beta , gamma , specifically detected only RAR alpha and RXR alpha . ^^^ Both RAR alpha and RXR alpha mRNA were preferentially expressed in the trophoblast cell layer . ^^^ This syncytiotrophoblast expression was confirmed by immunohistochemical analyses using anti RAR alpha and RXR alpha antibodies . ^^^ Using trophoblast cells in culture , we then studied the effect on hCG secretion of 0 . 1 microM RA physiological forms and of selective RAR alpha and RXR alpha synthetic agonists . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retinoids with marked or high selectivity for RAR alpha , RAR beta , RAR gamma or RXR alpha were tested . ^^^ Since all receptor selective retinoids substantially inducedapoptosis , it may be concluded that RAR alpha , RAR gamma and RXR alpha are able to mediate programmed cell death in the tested tumor cell line . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RNA was analyzed by Northern blotting using the cDNA probes for RAR alpha , RAR beta , RAR gamma , RXR alpha , RXR beta and RXR gamma mRNA . ^^^ RESULTS : RAR alpha mRNA transcripts ( 3 . 7 kb ) , RAR beta mRNA transcripts ( 3 . 3 kb ) and RAR gamma mRNA transcripts ( 3 . 3 kb ) are expressed by all the cell types studied , as are the RXR alpha mRNA transcripts ( 5 . 0 kb ) and RXR beta mRNA transcripts ( 3 . 3 kb ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry with specific antibodies as well as Northern blot analysis , we found that JEG 3 cells expressed RAR alpha and RXR alpha , the latter being the predominant receptor . ^^^ We then analyzed the action on cell proliferation and hCG secretion of the physiological retinoids all trans RA ( RA ) and 9 cis RA as well as synthetic retinoids with specific affinity for RAR alpha and RXR alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RAR alpha and gamma and RXR alpha but not RAR beta or RXR beta and gamma were detected by immunohistochemical analysis of H 441 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retinoid receptor expression was evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) using subtype specific primers and demonstrated expression of retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RAR alpha ) , RAR beta and retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXR alpha ) . ^^^ Using a panel of receptor subtype specific agonists , the RAR alpha specific agonist Ro 40 6055 was the most potent retinoid in terms of growth inhibition . ^^^ Furthermore , all trans retinoic acid mediated growth inhibition and transactivation was completely blocked by the RAR alpha specific antagonist Ro 41 5253 . ^^^ In summary , the RAR alpha subtype predominantly mediates the antiproliferative effects of retinoids in DSL 6A / C1 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The RA resistant SK OV 3 cells expressed reduced levels of RAR alpha and RXR alpha . ^^^ Overexpression of both RAR alpha and RXR alpha resulted in a level of growth inhibition nearly equal to that exhibited by the RA sensitive CA OV 3 cell line . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of RAR alpha , RAR beta , RAR gamma , RXR alpha and RXR beta was found in most cell types in gastric mucosa tissues from normal individuals as well as in distal normal tissues from cancer patients . ^^^ Expression of RAR alpha and RAR beta were found in three and seven cancer tissues , respectively , and levels of RXR alpha mRNA were significantly decreased in poorly differentiated cancer tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In an analysis of the expression patterns for retinoid receptors ( RARs and RXRs ) , all primary culture samples yielded positive results for RAR gamma and RXR alpha and negative results for RAR alpha , RAR beta , and RXR gamma , whereas the results of RXR beta expression were heterogeneous among different patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The biological action of retinoic acid and synthetic analogs , referred to as retinoids , is mediated by RAR alpha , RAR beta , or RAR gamma and / or by RXR alpha , RXR beta , or RXR gamma , all being nuclear receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two chimeric effector genes were constructed by placing PmRXR and PmRAR cDNA fragments ( containing the DNA binding , ligand binding and ligand dependent transactivation domains ) downstream of the human RXR alpha and RAR alpha cDNA ( covering the N terminal coding region ) , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Results from a series of GST pulldown assays showed that these Gadd 45 family proteins interact with several nuclear hormone receptors including RXR alpha , RAR alpha , ER alpha , PPAR alpha , PPAR beta , and PPAR gamma 2 in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study demonstrates selective expression by ceramide of retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RAR alpha ) and retinoic 10 receptor alpha ( RXR alpha ) in osteoblastic MC3T3 E 1 cells and a functional role of SPP mediated AP 1 in the signaling mechanism of ligand dependent transcriptional activity of heterodimers of these receptors in the cells . ^^^ C ( 2 ) and C ( 6 ) ceramides selectively stimulated the expression of RAR alpha and RXR alpha genes , but not that of beta and gamma isoform genes of RAR and RXR , in the cells . ^^^ This study suggests an important role of SPP mediated AP 1 in the selective expression of RAR alpha and RXR alpha in osteoblastic cells via the sphingosine pathway . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study we investigated the effects of several selective agonist retinoids ( specific for RAR alpha , RAR beta , RAR gamma , and RXR alpha , respectively ) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human breast cancer cell lines . ^^^ In particular , estrogen receptor positive ( ER+ ) cells display a higher sensitivity to RARs selective compounds , the RAR alpha selective compound being the most effective agent , while estrogen receptor negative ( ER ) cells show a greater responsiveness to the RXR alpha selective retinoid . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Nuclear retinoid receptors ( RAR alpha , beta , and gamma , and RXR alpha , beta , and gamma ) may mediate these effects by regulating gene transcription . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transcripts to RAR alpha , RAR beta and RXR alpha increased after incubation with 9 cRA whereas RXR gamma was inhibited , suggesting a major role for RARs and RXRs in 9 cRA anti inflammatory effects . 9 cRA was toxic only at 50 microM ( a concentration 50 5000 times higher than required for the effects above ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine whether transfection of exogenous receptors can restore retinoid responsiveness , we transiently transfected into H 1792 cells coexpression vectors containing cDNAs of cell surface antigen CD 7 and either RAR alpha , RAR beta , RAR gamma , or RXR alpha . ^^^ RXR alpha and RAR alpha enhanced growth inhibition by all trans retinoic acid or 9 cis retinoic acid , whereas RAR gamma was less effective , and RAR beta was ineffective . ^^^ Increased retinoic acid responsiveness in lung carcinoma cells that are nonresponsive despite the presence of endogenous retinoic acid receptor ( RAR ) beta by expression of exogenous retinoid receptors retinoid 10 receptor alpha , RAR alpha , and RAR gamma . ^^^ RXR alpha and RAR alpha enhanced growth inhibition by all trans retinoic acid or 9 cis retinoic acid , whereas RAR gamma was less effective , and RAR beta was ineffective . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we determined the expression of RAR alpha , RAR beta , RAR gamma , and RXR alpha by real time PCR in four cell lines and in blast cells from patients with non M 3 AML before and after ATRA incubation . ^^^ In the majority of the patient samples as well as in the cell lines , there was a pattern of high expression of RAR alpha and RXR alpha and low expression of RAR beta and RAR gamma . ^^^ A 24 h exposure to ATRA increased the expression of RAR alpha , RAR beta , RAR gamma , and RXR alpha in 46 % , 77 % , 30 % , and 38 % of the samples , respectively . ^^^ No such correlations were found for RAR alpha , RAR gamma , and RXR alpha . ^^^ We conclude that RAR alpha , RAR beta , RAR gamma , and RXR alpha are expressed in non M 3 AML blast cells and that ATRA induced expression of RAR beta may be a marker for retinoid sensitivity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MCF 7 cells treated sequentially with Mlt and atRA also demonstrated an enhanced sensitivity to the apoptotic effects of atRA , which did not appear to be due to increased expression of the retinoic acid receptors , RAR alpha or RXR alpha , but rather to enhanced transcriptional activity of the RAR alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both cell lines are retinoid sensitive and express high amounts of RAR alpha , RAR gamma , and RXR alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunoreactivities for RAR alpha , RXR alpha , RXR beta , and RXR gamma were all detected in the nuclei of normal ductal epithelia . ^^^ Immunoreactivity for RAR alpha , RXR alpha , RXR beta and RXR gamma was widely distributed compared to that of RAR beta and RAR gamma in DCIS , ADH and PDWA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report an extensive biophysical solution study of RAR alpha , RXR alpha LBDs and their corresponding RXR alpha / RAR alpha LBD heterodimers combining analytical ultracentrifugation ( AUC ) , small angle 10 ray and neutron scattering ( SAXS and SANS ) and ab initio three dimensional shape reconstruction at low resolution . ^^^ Furthermore we demonstrate the effects of 9 cisRA and all transRA binding on the association properties and conformations of RXR alpha and RAR alpha LBDs in solution . ^^^ It also confirms the stability of the predicted RXR alpha / RAR alpha LBD heterodimers in solution . ^^^ SAS measurements performed on three different types of RXR alpha / RAR alpha LBD heterodimers ( apo / apo , apo / holo and holo / holo ) with respect to their ligand binding site occupancy show the existence of three conformational states depending on the progressive binding of RA stereoisomers on RAR alpha and RXR alpha LBD subunits in the heterodimeric context . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Investigation of retinoid receptor expression , known to mediate intracellular RA signaling , revealed presence of RAR alpha , RAR gamma , RXR beta , and RXR gamma transcripts in all cell lines studied , and HMC 1 cells were the only line lacking RXR alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : The immunoreactivity against RAR alpha , RAR gamma , RXR alpha and RXR gamma were detected in many , if not all , prostatic adenocarcinoma cells of the cases without and with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy , whereas less expression of both RAR beta and RXR beta were identified . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Embryonic pancreas was harvested from mice at serial gestational ages and immunohistochemical analysis was performed for retinoic acid receptors ( RAR alpha , RAR beta , RAR gamma ) , and retinoid 10 receptors ( RXR alpha , RXR beta , and RXR gamma ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retinoic acid receptor ( RAR alpha and gamma ) and retinoid 10 receptor ( RXR alpha and beta ) proteins are present ( immunoblots ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This diet was offered to young rats for 8 and 28 days and the expression of nuclear receptors was determined at the end of each experimental time period ( 1 ) in the liver by assaying the binding properties of RAR and TR and by quantifying mRNA levels of RAR beta , TR alpha ( 1 ) beta ( 1 ) , RXR alpha , and PPAR alpha , and ( 2 ) in the white adipose tissue ( WAT ) by quantifying mRNA levels of RAR alpha , RXR alpha , TR alpha ( 1 ) beta ( 1 ) , and PPAR gamma ( 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RA induced keratinocyte proliferation was studied in mutant mice in which RXR alpha , RXR alpha and RAR alpha , RAR gamma , or RXR alpha and RAR gamma genes were specifically disrupted in either basal or suprabasal keratinocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Organ specific alterations in RAR alpha : RXR alpha abundance regulate rat Mrp 2 ( Abcc 2 ) expression in obstructive cholestasis . ^^^ We have recently reported that the rat Mrp 2 promoter is activated by RAR alpha : RXR alpha , and that interleukin 1 beta ( IL 1 beta ) repressed promoter activity via this element . ^^^ We hypothesized that cytokines , which are up regulated in obstructive cholestasis , would reduce nuclear RAR alpha : RXR alpha levels , and that this would be associated with suppression of hepatic Mrp 2 expression . ^^^ Mrp 2 and RAR alpha : RXR alpha protein abundance and activity were assessed by using electrophoretic mobility shift assays ( EMSA ) and immunoblots . ^^^ RAR alpha , RXR alpha , and Mrp 2 RNA levels were determined by using ribonuclease protection assays ( RPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vitamin A deficiency significantly decreased hepatic RAR beta , but not RAR alpha or RXR alpha mRNA levels . ^^^ In situ hybridization showed that RAR alpha , RAR beta and RXR alpha mRNAs were localized in the periportal region , however , immunohistochemistry showed that RAR alpha and RXR alpha were distributed evenly across the liver acinus , whereas only RAR beta levels were higher in periportal cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study we utilized immunohistochemistry and real time quantitative PCR to examine the expression of RAR alpha , beta and gamma , RXR alpha , beta and gamma and COUP TFII in the human fetal lung at 13 16 gestational weeks , a very critical stage of human pulmonary development , in order to study possible roles in pulmonary morphogenesis by comparing these findings with those of the adult lung . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our data , based on qualitative RT PCR analysis has shown that human PBMC are capable to express RAR alpha , RAR gamma , RXR alpha , and RXR beta . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin D 3 interacted with CRABPII in a ligand independent manner and equally bound RAR alpha , but not RXR alpha , and only in the presence of RA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MATERIALS AND METHODS : We evaluated the in vitro efficacy of some synthetic retinoids ( RAR alpha , beta and gamma ; RXR alpha agonists and RAR alpha antagonist ) and compared these to the panagonist all trans retinoic acid in inhibiting growth of the human melanoma cell line , SK MEL 28 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retinoids are natural and synthetic compounds related to retinoic acid that act through interaction with two basic types of nuclear receptors : retinoic acid receptors ( RAR alpha , RARbeta and RARgamma ) and retinoid 10 receptors ( RXRalpha , RXRbeta and RXRgamma ) as retinoid inducible transcription factors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Binding of RXR alpha : RAR alpha heterodimers to the Mrp 2 promoter element was significantly reduced in BDL rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Expression of retinoid receptors ( RAR alpha , beta , and gamma and RXR alpha , beta , and gamma ) in tumor specimens from 10 patients with sebaceous cell carcinoma of the eyelid and in 3 normal incidental tarsus specimens from healthy adults without cancer was studied immunohistochemically by using antiretinoid receptor antibodies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemical analysis of RAR alpha , beta , gamma and RXRalpha proteins was carried out on serial sections from 244 oral squamous cell carcinomas ( OSCCs ) , 102 potentially malignant lesions ( 65 hyperplasias , 37 dysplasias ) , 83 matched histologically normal oral tissues and 29 normal mucosa from non exposed individuals without oral lesions and correlated with expression of cell cycle regulators p 53 , p 16 and p 21 as well as with clinicopathological parameters . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We observed an increased mRNA expression level of the transcription factors peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor gamma ( PPAR gamma ) , retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXR alpha ) , and RA receptor alpha ( RAR alpha ) in 3T3 L 1 cells , whereas the mRNA level of these transcription factors was unchanged in human adipose tissue explants after incubation with RA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RXR alpha aberrantly colocalized within each 10 RAR alpha ; colocalization of RXR alpha with promyelocytic leukemia ( PML ) RAR alpha resulted in reduced mobility of RXR alpha . ^^^ Thus , 10 RAR alpha may interfere with RAR alpha through its aberrant nuclear dynamics , resulting in spatial and temporal sequestration of RXR alpha and perhaps other nuclear receptor coregulators critical for myeloid differentiation . . ^^^ Acute promyelocytic leukemia ( APL ) cells contain one of five chimeric retinoic acid alpha receptor ( RAR alpha ) genes ( 10 RAR alpha ) created by chromosomal translocations or deletion ; each generates a fusion protein thought to transcriptionally repress RAR alpha target genes and block myeloid differentiation by an incompletely understood mechanism . ^^^ Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that the intracellular localization of each of the 10 RAR alpha proteins was distinct from that of RAR alpha and established which portion ( s ) of each 10 RAR alpha protein 10 , RAR , or both contributed to its altered localization . ^^^ Using FRAP , we demonstrated that the intranuclear mobility of each 10 RAR alpha was reduced compared to that of RAR alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since the combined effects of retinoids and VD derivatives are attributed to heterodimeric interactions between members of the nuclear receptor family , the expression patterns of the heterodimers formed by vitamin D 3 receptor ( VDR ) and the retinoid receptors RARs ( RAR alpha , RAR beta and RAR gamma ) and RXRs ( RXR alpha , RXR beta and RXR gamma ) have been studied by immunohistochemistry in benign and malignant breast tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using real time RT PCR , we quantified the relative amount of mRNA of the thyroid ( TR alpha and TR beta ) and retinoid ( RAR alpha , RAR gamma , and RXR alpha ) nuclear receptors in PBMC of euthyroid ( n = 22 ) compared with hypothyroid ( n = 22 ) subjects . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Heterodimeric retinoic acid receptor beta and retinoid 10 receptor alpha complexes stimulate expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 gene . ^^^ Cotransfection of expression vectors encoding the retinoic acid receptor alpha , beta , or gamma and retinoid 10 receptor alpha with reporter plasmids harboring the putative RARE demonstrated that the ICAM 1 gene is regulated by retinoic acid in a retinoic acid receptor beta / retinoid 10 receptor alpha dependent fashion . ^^^ Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that ICAM 1 and ADH 3 RARE , a well characterized RARE , display the same band shift pattern , bind retinoic acid receptor beta and retinoid 10 receptor alpha , and are mutually competitive . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An in vitro transcriptional assay was performed and the activity of GRA in 293 cells transfected with RAR alpha or RXR alpha expression plasmid and luciferase reporter plasmid then determined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Naive DO11 . 10 T lymphocytes expressed mRNA and protein for RAR alpha , RXR alpha , and RXR beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retinoic acid regulates keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation processes that are disturbed in psoriatic skin via binding to nuclear receptors , including retinoic acid receptor ( RAR alpha , beta , gamma ) and the common heterodimer partners ( RXR alpha , beta , gamma ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PURPOSE : The aim of this study is to investigate whether there are any abnormalities in the in vivo expression of retinoid acid receptors ( RAR alpha , RAR beta and RAR gamma ) and retinoid 10 receptors ( RXR alpha , RXR beta and RXR gamma ) in sebaceous cell carcinoma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , CD 38 expression was not inducible by ATRA in HL 60R cells , transfected with a functional RAR beta , RAR gamma , or RXR alpha receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have established homozygous retinoid 10 receptor alpha negative ( RXR alpha / ) F 9 embryonal carcinoma cells constitutively expressing Cre ER and have shown that estradiol or the estrogen agonist / antagonist 4 hydroxytamoxifen efficiently induced the recombinase activity , whereas no activity was detected in the absence of ligand or in the presence of the antiestrogen ICI 164 , 384 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 ( HNF 4 ) , a highly conserved member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily critical for development and liver specific gene expression , is very similar to another superfamily member , retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXR alpha ) , in overall amino acid sequence and DNA binding specificity . ^^^ Since RXR alpha is known to heterodimerize with many other nuclear receptors , the formation of heterodimers between HNF 4 and RXR alpha was examined . ^^^ With the electrophoretic mobility shift assay , coimmunoprecipitation , and transient transfection assays , it is shown that , unlike other nuclear receptors , HNF 4 does not form heterodimers with RXR alpha either in the presence or in the absence of DNA . ^^^ To investigate the hypothesis that the lack of heterodimerization between HNF 4 and RXR alpha is due to a strong homodimerization activity of HNF 4 , glycerol gradient sedimentation and kinetic analysis were used to show that HNF 4 is in fact a stable homodimer in solution . ^^^ We also show that in vitro translated HNF 4 does not form heterodimeric complexes on DNA with a number of other receptors , including RXR beta , RXR gamma , retinoic acid receptor alpha , or thyroid hormone receptor alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results demonstrate that human osteoblasts express RXR alpha , as well as the all trans RA receptors ( RAR ) alpha , beta , and gamma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The t PA / DR5 element interacted with the heterodimer composed of retinoic acid receptor alpha and retinoid 10 receptor alpha in vitro , whereas its mutation abolished induction by RA in transient expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cloning of the amplified products led to the identification of five true receptors , thyroid hormone receptor alpha ( THR alpha ) , retinoic acid receptor alpha , retinoic acid receptor gamma , retinoid 10 receptor alpha , and retinoid 10 receptor gamma , as well as four orphan receptors , apolipoprotein AI regulatory protein ( ARP 1 ) , chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor 1 ( COUP TF 1 ) , estrogen related receptor 2 , and testis receptor 4 ( TR 4 ) . ^^^ Dot blot screening of amplified gene fragment analysis showed that THR alpha , ARP 1 , TR 4 , and COUP TF 1 were the most abundant factors expressed in the SON region , in the order THR alpha > ARP 1 > TR 4 approximately COUP TF 1 . ^^^ THR alpha has previously been localized to HNS neurons . ^^^ From these experiments , it is concluded that there is a multitude of hypothalamically expressed nuclear hormone receptors , but that only THR alpha is expressed at relatively high abundance in HNS neurons . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cotransfection of an RXR alpha but not a retinoic acid receptor alpha expression vector further antagonizes thyroid hormone inhibition , but only in the presence of 9 cis RA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also report that RXR alpha transcripts are down regulated by RA treatment in promyelocytic cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The induction of calbindin mRNA by RA was preceded by an induction of retinoic acid receptor alpha mRNA and was accompanied by an induction of retinoid 10 receptor alpha mRNA . ^^^ Deletion mutant analysis of the native calbindin D28k promoter and cotransfection of CV 1 or D 283 medulloblastoma cells in the presence of retinoic acid receptor alpha and / or retinoid 10 receptor alpha expression vectors as well as results of nuclear transcription assays did not indicate transcriptional regulation of calbindin D28k by RA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Identification of amino acids critical for the DNA binding and dimerization properties of the human retinoic acid receptor alpha . ^^^ We have examined here the effect of lysine , cysteine , arginine , histidine , and tyrosine side chain chemical modification on the DNA binding , homo and heterodimerization properties of the full length human retinoic acid receptor alpha ( hRARalpha ) . ^^^ Lysines are the only residues to be engaged in the dimerization with human retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( hRXRalpha ) in the absence of DNA , whereas histidines are selectively involved in the homodimerization of hRARalpha in the presence of a RARE . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The interaction with TFIIB showed selectivity for the ligand binding domain of VDR as similar regions of RXR alpha or of retinoic acid receptor alpha did not couple with TFIIB . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rat UR / human retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( hRXR alpha ) heterodimers bound preferentially to double stranded oligonucleotide direct repeats having the consensus half site sequence AGGTCA and 4 nt spacing ( DR 4 ) . ^^^ Coexpression of UR in COS 1 cells inhibited the stimulation of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( CAT ) reporter gene expression by hRXR alpha and human retinoic acid receptor alpha in the presence of all trans retinoic acid when DR 4 ( but not DR 5 ) was present upstream of the promoter of a CAT reporter gene ( DR 4 CAT ) . ^^^ UR expression also inhibited the activation of a DR 4 CAT reporter gene by hRXR alpha and 9 cis retinoic acid or by thyroid hormone receptor beta in the presence of thyroid hormone . ^^^ However , in the absence of 9 cis retinoic acid , UR in combination with hRXR alpha stimulation DR 4 CAT expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TR alpha 1 formed a heterodimer with 9 cis retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RXR alpha ) on all TREs studied . ^^^ Although TR alpha 2 did not bind as a homodimer , it did bind as a heterodimer with RXR alpha to DR 4 and MHC TRE . ^^^ These results indicate that the alterations in the dimerization region in TR alpha 2 and alpha 3 abrogated homodimer binding , but differentially affected heterodimerization with RXR alpha on various TREs . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The full length GRIP 1 interacted with the hormone binding domains ( HBDs ) of all five steroid receptors in a hormone dependent manner and also with HBDs of class 2 nuclear receptors , including thyroid receptor alpha , vitamin D receptor , retinoic acid receptor alpha , and retinoid 10 receptor alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cognate cDNAs are described for 2 of the 10 thyroid hormone receptor associated proteins ( TRAPs ) that are immunopurified with thyroid hormone receptor alpha ( TRalpha ) from ligand treated HeLa ( alpha 2 ) cells . ^^^ TRAP 220 also interacts with other nuclear receptors [ vitamin D receptor , retinoic acid receptor alpha , retinoid 10 receptor alpha , peroxisome proliferation activated receptor ( PPAR ) alpha , PPARgamma and , to a lesser extent , estrogen receptor ] in a ligand dependent manner , whereas TRAP 100 shows only marginal interactions with estrogen receptor , retinoid 10 receptor alpha , PPARalpha , and PPARgamma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Estrogen receptor expression activates the transcriptional and growth inhibitory response to retinoids without enhanced retinoic acid receptor alpha expression . ^^^ Furthermore , the effect of exogenously expressed ER on retinoid response was much greater than that obtained by overexpression of RA receptor alpha and / or retinoid 10 receptor alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we report that , in addition to NID , another region of coactivator GRIP 1 ( amino acids 1011 1121 ) , called the auxiliary NID ( NIDaux ) , is required in vitro and in vivo for efficient interaction with a subset of NRs , including the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , androgen receptor , and retinoic acid receptor alpha . ^^^ A second group of NRs , which includes the progesterone receptor , retinoid 10 receptor alpha , thyroid hormone receptor beta 1 , and vitamin D receptor , required only NID for efficient interaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both the human retinoic acid receptor alpha ( hRARalpha ) and a constitutively active mutant ( F318A ) of the mouse retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( mRXR alpha F318A ) ligand binding domains were separately overexpressed in Escherichia coli , copurified as a heterodimer in a two step procedure , and cocrystallized with an RAR alpha specific antagonist by using polyethylene glycol 10 , 000 as precipitant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The two nuclear receptor binding motifs within the PBREM effectively bound PXR as a heterodimer with the 9 cis retinoic acid receptor alpha ( NR2B1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In hepatoma Huh 7 cells , inhibition of sphingosine kinase ( SphK ) activity by N , N dimethylsphingosine ( DMS ) resulted in up regulated production of liver specific serum proteins including albumin and alpha fetoprotein ( AFP ) . ^^^ Moreover , DMS induced the expression of retinoic acid receptor alpha and retinoid 10 receptor alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PP1c specifically interacts with VDR but not retinoic acid receptor alpha and retinoid 10 receptor alpha in yeast . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The recent discovery of the interaction between nuclear IGFBP 3 and 9 cis retinoic acid receptor alpha ( retinoid 10 receptor alpha RXRalpha ) , a nuclear receptor , and its involvement in the regulation of transcriptional signaling and apoptosis represents an important paradigm shift in the understanding of IGFBP function . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The R DR 1 efficiently binds retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RARalpha ) retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXRalpha ) and chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter ( COUP ) transcription factor 1 ( TFI ) RXRalpha heterodimers and RXRalpha and COUP TFI homodimers in a bandshift assay using extracts of transiently transfected COS 7 cells . ^^^ This is caused by increased expression of RXR ( alpha , beta , or gamma ) and by the induction of expression of RARbeta and COUP TFI / TFII , which bind to the R DR 1 as shown by supershifting antibodies . ^^^ The presence of RXR ( alpha , beta , or gamma ) in the complexes binding to the R DR 1 suggests that RXR homodimers are involved in RA induced expression of the PTH / PTHrP receptor gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cell morphology , total culture protein content , the DNA synthesis rate , and the levels of UCP 1 , retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RARalpha ) and retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXRalpha ) were analysed . ^^^ RESULTS : Treatment with beta carotene , alpha carotene and lutein promoted UCP 1 expression in a dose dependent manner , with an effectiveness that was related to their potency as vitamin A precursors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both LXR alpha and LXR beta form heterodimers with the obligate partner 9 cis retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RXR alpha ; NR2B1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In a mammalian one hybrid assay , immortalized young adult mouse colonic ( YAMC ) cells were co transfected with a yeast galactose upstream activating sequence ( UAS ) 4 tk Luciferase ( Luc ) reporter plasmid , plus either GAL 4 DNA binding domain fused to RXRalpha , retinoic acid receptor alpha or GAL 4 alone , followed by an n 3 , n 6 or n 9 fatty acid incubation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The loss of retinoic acid receptor alpha , beta and alcohol dehydrogenase 3 expression in non small cell lung cancer . ^^^ METHODOLOGY : Using semiquantitative conventional reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) , quantitative real time RT PCR , in situ hybridization and immunostaining , we evaluated the expression and the distribution of retinoic acid receptor alpha , beta , gamma , retinoid 10 receptor alpha , beta , gamma , thyroid hormone receptor alpha , beta , and alcohol dehydrogenase 3 ( a well characterized retinoic acid responsive gene ) in malignant and non malignant tissues obtained from patients with non small cell lung cancer . ^^^ RESULTS : Compared with non malignant tissues , malignant tissues had a 45 % ( P < 0 . 02 ) reducion in retinoic acid receptor alpha and beta expression , while other receptors were not affected . ^^^ In situ hybridization and immunostaining demonstrated that retinoic acid receptor alpha and beta were localized in the airway and alveolar epithelial cells and their expression was diminished to 30 % in malignant tissues compared to non malignant tissues ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : The present findings suggest a possible association of the loss of retinoic acid receptor alpha , beta and alcohol dehydrogenase 3 with lung carcinogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Total RNA extracted from in vitro cultured cumulus granulosa cells was subjected to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) and mRNA expression for retinol binding protein ( RBP ) , retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RARalpha ) , retinoic acid receptor beta ( RARbeta ) , retinoic acid receptor gamma ( RARgamma ) , retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXRalpha ) , retinoid 10 receptor beta ( RXRbeta ) , retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 ( RALDH 2 ) , and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma ( PPARgamma ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This resulted in a reduction in the DNA binding activity of RARalpha / retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXRalpha ) heterodimer , the separation of RXRalpha from RARalpha and the translocation of RXRalpha from the nucleus to the cytoplasm . ^^^ Ubiquitinated or sumoylated retinoic acid receptor alpha determines its characteristic and interacting model with retinoid 10 receptor alpha in gastric and breast cancer cells . ^^^ Retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RARalpha ) plays an important role in mediating all trans retinoic acid ( ATRA ) signals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In most breast carcinomas and in breast cancer cell lines , retinoic acid receptor beta ( RARbeta ) is lost or down regulated , whereas retinoic acid receptor alpha and gamma ( RARalpha , gamma ) and retinoid 10 receptors ( RXRalpha , beta , gamma ) are variably expressed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RA was previously shown to down regulate the steady state levels of retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RARalpha ) and retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXRalpha ) in primary brown adipocytes differentiated in culture . ^^^ Retinoic acid administration and vitamin A status modulate retinoid 10 receptor alpha and retinoic acid receptor alpha levels in mouse brown adipose tissue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXRalpha ) mRNA levels increased in the suckling period and attained to a higher level at 17 days after birth . ^^^ Electrophoretic mobility shift assay using a putative nuclear receptor binding element on rat HNF 1 alpha gene revealed that HNF 4 homodimer , but not RXRalpha homodimer , bound to this element . ^^^ Retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXRalpha ) mRNA levels increased in the suckling period and attained to a higher level at 17 days after birth . ^^^ Retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RARalpha ) mRNA level showed only a slight and temporary increase on day 13 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These karyometric changes correlated with increases in retinoic acid receptor alpha , retinoic acid receptor beta , and retinoid 10 receptor alpha at the 50000 IU / day vitamin A dose . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , cotransfection experiments with retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RARalpha ) and retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXRalpha ) expression vectors in NIH3T3 cells demonstrated that both RXRalpha / RXRalpha homodimer and RXRalpha / RARalpha heterodimer are competent for ligand induced transactivation of the AGP promoter . ^^^ Retinoids increase alpha 1 acid glycoprotein expression at the transcriptional level through two distinct DR 1 retinoic acid responsive elements . ^^^ In the present study , we analyzed the influence of retinoic acids on the expression of alpha 1 acid glycoprotein ( AGP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In an effort to isolate and further characterize nuclear receptors that modulate RAR and / or RXR activities , we have screened cDNA libraries by using a RXR alpha cDNA probe . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Key regulators of Ntcp ( hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha [ HNF 1alpha ] , HNF 4alpha , retinoid 10 receptor alpha [ RXRalpha ] : retinoic acid receptor alpha [ RARalpha ] ) were studied via electrophoretic mobility shift analysis and nuclear Western blot analysis . ^^^ Cytokine inactivation in CBDL rats and mice was either performed directly with tumor necrosis factor alpha ( etanercept ) or interleukin 1 beta inactivation ( anakinra / AMG 719 ) or indirectly Kupffer cell depletion via intraperitoneal administration of liposome encapsulated dichloromethylene bisphosphonate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXRalpha ) mRNA and retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RARalpha ) mRNA levels in the small intestine showed high levels in perinatal period compared with suckling weaning transition period . ^^^ Retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXRalpha ) mRNA and retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RARalpha ) mRNA levels in the small intestine showed high levels in perinatal period compared with suckling weaning transition period . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Nevertheless , dietary phospholipids containing high levels of DHA and EPA ( PL 5 diet ) induced cephalic ( 8 . 5 % ) and vertebral column deformities ( 35 . 3 % ) adversely affecting fish growth and survival ; moreover , a down regulation of retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXRalpha ) , retinoic acid receptor alpha , retinoic acid receptor gamma and bone morphogenetic protein 4 genes was also noted in PL 5 dietary group at day 16 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ATRA and Am 580 also increased nuclear RARalpha , whereas retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXRalpha ) a dimerization partner for RARalpha , was localized to the nucleus upon second exposure to ATRA . ^^^ Although a second dose of ATRA or Am 580 ( a related retinoid selective for retinoic acid receptor alpha [ RARalpha ] ) , given 16 hrs after the first dose , restimulated IRF 1 mRNA and protein levels to a similar level to that obtained by the first dose , IRF 1 was predominantly concentrated in the nucleus after restimulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two retinoic acid response elements ( RAREs ) to which retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXRalpha ) and retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RARalpha ) bind and activate transcription are present in the human PDK 4 ( hPDK 4 ) proximal promoter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transfection experiments show that RXR alpha can greatly enhance the transcriptional activity of TR and RAR at low retinoic acid concentrations that do not significantly activate RXR alpha itself . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
After 48 h of treatment with retinoic acid , Complex 1 is replaced by a faster migrating Complex 2 , which can be supershifted by anti RAR beta and anti RXR alpha antibodies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The retinoic acid receptor ( RAR ) also heterodimerized with COUP TF as well as with RXR alpha , RXR beta , and the TR heterodimerization partner in liver . ^^^ In contrast to its ability to heterodimerize with the TR and RAR , we did not detect heterodimers between COUP TF and either RXR alpha , RXR beta , or the liver nuclear protein in the context of binding to the TREp . ^^^ These results show that the major TR heterodimerization partner in liver is highly related to RXR alpha , but that other nuclear receptors such as COUP TF can heterodimerize with the TR and RAR , suggesting that selective protein protein interactions may be involved in the tissue and target gene specificities of hormone action . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A strategy of sequential screening of expression libraries with a retinoic acid response element and RAR identified a cDNA encoding a coregulator highly related to RXR alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In conditions where COUP TF 2 homodimers and RXR alpha RAR alpha heterodimers were formed we were unable to detect the formation of heterodimers between COUP TF 2 and RXR alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Acyclic retinoid and all trans RA both induced upregulation of retinoic acid receptor beta ( RAR beta ) , and both suppressed cell proliferation related phenotypic expressions by the alpha fetoprotein gene and the c myc oncogene . 9 cis RA , whose receptor is known to be RXR alpha , also induced upregulation of albumin and HNF 1 expression . ^^^ These results suggest that acyclic retinoid may act through both RXR alpha and RAR beta , whereas all trans RA conveys only RAR beta mediated functions , at least in these two hepatoma cell lines . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Spindle cell tumors lacked markers of the keratinocyte phenotype and lost RAR expression , yet retained expression of RXR alpha and beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In F 9 2 cells RA regulates only the RAR beta , RXR alpha , and t PA genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The transcripts of all three subtypes of all trans RAR ( alpha , beta , and gamma ) and two of three subtypes of retinoid 10 receptor ( alpha and beta ) were detected by Northern blotting . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The pharmacophoric groups necessary to confer RXR selectivity were established by evaluating the ability of 21 conformationally restricted retinoids to activate the TREpal retinoic acid receptor response element for gene transcription in the presence of one of the three RAR subtypes or RXR alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Functional characterization and in vitro binding analysis showed that the sequence requirement for binding of retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXR alpha ) and retinoic acid receptor ( RAR , either alpha , beta , or gamma ) heterodimers , correlated with the sequence requirement for RA induced transcription in keratinocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The vitamin D 3 receptor and the retinoic acid receptor ( RAR ) gamma together with the more distantly related RXR alpha were amplified extensively in skin and cultured keratinocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The distribution pattern of the major retinoic acid receptor ( RAR ) isoforms ( alpha 1 , alpha 2 , beta 2 , beta 3 , gamma 1 , and gamma 2 ) and retinoid 10 receptors ( RXR alpha , beta , and gamma ) was studied by in situ hybridization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The developmental expression patterns of the three mouse retinoid 10 receptor genes ( RXR alpha , beta and gamma ) have been investigated by Northern blotting and in situ analysis of RNA transcript distribution , and compared to those of retinoic acid receptor ( RAR ) genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This similarity extended to their effects on the nuclear receptors retinoic acid receptor beta ( RAR beta ) and retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXR alpha ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Information provided by the three dimensional structures of the unliganded RXR alpha and the liganded RAR gamma LBDs has been incorporated into a general alignment of the LBDs of all NRs . ^^^ A common ligand binding pocket , involving predominantly hydrophobic residues , is inferred by homology modelling of the human RXR alpha and glucocorticoid receptor ligand binding sites according to the RAR gamma holo LBD structure . ^^^ Mutant studies support these models , as well as a general mechanism for ligand induced activation deduced from the comparison of the transcriptionally active RAR gamma holo and inactive RXR alpha apo LBD structures . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These observations indicate that transcriptional processes which are inappropriately regulated in the mouse limb by exogenous RA require RXR alpha for their execution , and that specific teratogenic processes , as well as specific normal developmental processes under vitamin A control , occur through individual members of the RXR and RAR families . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , in the RA resistant cells the RAR / RXR signalling pathway leading to inhibition of AP 1 activity is impaired however overexpression of one of the RAR subtypes along with RXR alpha is sufficient to restore this pathway . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Whether retinoids are also involved in postnatal eye development could not be investigated , as VAD newborns are not viable and the above RAR double null mutants and RXRalpha null mutants died in utero or at birth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Northern blot analysis demonstrated a prolonged induction of RXR alpha and RAR gamma gene expression by E 2 in the mouse cervix and vagina . ^^^ When the induction of RXR alpha and RAR gamma was compared to genes known to be responsive to E 2 , including estrogen receptor ( ER ) and c fos , RXR alpha was induced within 0 . 5 h of hormone treatment , while RAR gamma induction was evident by 4 h . ^^^ Therefore , the induction of RXR alpha and RAR gamma by E 2 and their expression pattern in relation to ER suggest that they are needed to coordinate specific genetic programs that result in cervical epithelial growth and differentiation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mRNA levels of the prevalent retinoic acid receptors in keratinocytes , RAR gamma and RXR alpha , were not influenced by the process of differentiation or by addition of RA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Suprabasal expression of a dominant negative RXR alpha mutant in transgenic mouse epidermis impairs regulation of gene transcription and basal keratinocyte proliferation by RAR selective retinoids . ^^^ Like endogenous RXR alpha , dnRXR alpha in epidermal nuclear extracts from the transgenic mice competitively formed heterodimers with endogenous RAR gamma on RAREs , suggesting that dnRXR alpha impairs retinoid signaling by competing with endogenous RAR gamma RXR alpha heterodimers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RAR gamma remains weakly expressed in the labyrinth until 15 . 5 dpc , whereas RXR alpha exhibits a strong expression in this zone until birth , suggesting a role for these receptors in the development and function of the definitive placenta . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A marked synergy was observed between the effects of mutations in RXR alpha and RARs , as a large number of developmental defects previously found mainly in RAR single and compound mutants were recapitulated in specific RXR alpha / RAR compound mutants . ^^^ Several malformations were seen only in one type of RXR alpha / RAR mutant combination , whereas others were seen in several types of RXR alpha / RAR double mutants . ^^^ These genetic data suggest that RXR / RAR heterodimers are the functional units transducing the retinoid signal for a large number of RA dependent processes , and furthermore , that RXR alpha is the main RXR implicated in the developmental functions of RARs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of retinoid receptors is tissue specific ; skin mainly espresses RAR gamma and RXR alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results demonstrate diminished RA signaling in HSC from cholestatic liver fibrosis , which appeared to have resulted from RA deficiency and suppressed expression of RAR beta and RXR alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To further examine this interaction , a glutathione S transferase ( GST ) fusion protein containing the ligand binding domain of human RXR alpha has been used to copurify the ligand binding domain of human RAR gamma by affinity chromatography over glutathione agarose . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , in comparison to RA , DDRA produced a 2 to 3 fold higher activation of the transcription mediated by RXR alpha homodimers , as well as RAR beta RXR alpha heterodimers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
New abnormalities , absent in RXR alpha mutants , are generated in RXR alpha / RAR ( alpha , beta or gamma ) compound mutants . ^^^ These data strongly support the conclusion that RXR alpha / RAR heterodimers represent the main functional units of the RA signalling pathway during embryonic development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RXR alpha and RXR beta were cloned from HSG cells , and these RXRs , together with RAR , seemed to play a physiological role in RA signaling in vivo . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of several other bcl 2 family members ( bcl 10 , ich 1 , bax , bag , and bak ) and retinoid receptors ( RARalpha , RXRalpha , and RXRbeta ) was not affected by treatment with RAR and / or RXR activating retinoids ; RARbeta RNA was undetectable before and after retinoid treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have generated F 9 murine embryonal carcinoma cells in which either the retinoid 10 receptor ( RXR ) alpha and retinoic acid receptor ( RAR ) alpha genes or the RXRalpha and RARgamma genes are knocked out , and compared their phenotypes with those of wild type ( WT ) , RXRalpha / , RARalpha / , and RARgamma / cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In co transfection experiments it was demonstrated that the expression of RAR beta , RAR gamma or RXR alpha suppressed this reporter expression . ^^^ It was concluded that RA had a suppressive effect on CRABP 1 gene expression in embryos and P 19 cells and the effect could be mediated through RAR beta , RAR gamma or RXR alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In F 9 teratocarcinoma cell line , RA induced differentiation is accompanied by increased expression of the RAR beta , RXR alpha , and alpha fetoprotein ( AFP ) genes . ^^^ By super shift assays using specific anti RAR and RXR antibodies , RA treatment decreased the amount of RXR alpha while increasing the amount RAR beta bound to retinoic acid response element DR 1 ( direct repeat with spacer of one nucleotide ) , indicating the levels of RAR / RXR heterodimer , RXR / RXR homodimer , or RAR / RAR homodimers were altered upon RA treatment of Hep3B cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although RAR beta 1 and beta 3 are expressed specifically in the conotruncal ridges , failure of fusion of these structures is not more frequent in RXR alpha / RAR beta 1 3 double null mutants than in RXR alpha single null mutants . ^^^ Similarly , the disruption of the sole RAR beta 2 isoform in a RXR alpha null genetic background does not result in an increase of the frequency of conotruncal septum agenesis . ^^^ However , this agenesis is fully penetrant in RXR alpha / RAR beta + / mutants , which reflects distinct role of RXR alpha : RAR beta 1 ( and beta 3 ) and RXR alpha : RAR beta 2 heterodimers in promoting the survival of conotruncal mesenchymal cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In marked contrast , RXRalpha af 2 ( o ) / RXRbeta / and RXRalpha af 2 ( o ) / RXRbeta / / RXRgamma / compound mutants display a large array of malformations , which nearly recapitulate the full spectrum of the defects that characterize the fetal vitamin A deficiency ( VAD ) syndrome and were previously found in RAR single and compound mutants , as well as in RXRalpha / RAR ( alpha , beta or gamma ) compound mutants . ^^^ Analysis of RXRalpha af 2 ( o ) / RAR ( alpha , beta or gamma ) compound mutants also revealed that they exhibit many of the defects observed in the corresponding RXR alpha / RAR compound mutants . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Isolated DR1d and DR 5 sites , but not DR1p , efficiently bound RARgamma RXRalpha and conferred RAR selective retinoid responsiveness on a heterologous promoter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During brown adipocyte differentiation RXRalpha and RXRgamma mRNA expression is induced in parallel with UCP 1 mRNA , whereas the mRNA for the three RAR subtypes , alpha , beta and gamma , decreases . ^^^ Co transfection of murine expression vectors for the different RAR and RXR subtypes indicates that RARalpha and RARbeta as well as RXRalpha are the major retinoid receptor subtypes capable of mediating the responsiveness of ucp 1 to retinoids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It also demonstrated that the RXR alpha and beta mRNA levels were 5 to 10 fold higher in Kupffer cells than in hepatic stellate cells while RAR mRNA expression was shown to be similar for all the subtypes in both cell types . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although retinoic acid receptor ( RAR ) alpha , beta , gamma and retinoid 10 receptor alpha were expressed in all cell lines examined , a significant induction of RARbeta by all trans RA was observed only in sensitive cell lines , suggesting important roles of RARbeta in RA sensitivity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An electrophoretic mobility shift assay with cDNA containing the DR 4 indicated that heterodimers of RAR and RXRalpha interacted with the DR 4 site , although the interaction gradually disappeared with the increase in the ratio of RXRalpha / RAR . ^^^ We concluded that two genomic DNA regions , the DR 4 site ( 1531 to 1516 ) and the first and second Sp 1 binding sites ( 145 to 121 ) , were involved in the RA dependent augmentation of thrombomodulin gene expression through increased interactions of the two regions with heterodimer of RAR RXRalpha and nuclear Sp 1 , respectively . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , we demonstrated the expression of the retinoic acid receptor ( RAR ) isoforms , RARalpha , beta and gamma , as well as the retinoid 10 receptor ( RxR ) isoforms , RxRalpha and beta , by RT PCR and western blot analysis in these cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To test whether the DEX induced increase in RXRalpha affects ligand dependent transcriptional activation through other receptors that form heterodimer with RXR , we examined its effect on the retinoic acid ( RA ) / RA receptor ( RAR ) system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this report , we demonstrate that RAR selective ligands have distinct quantitative activation properties which are reflected by their abilities to promote interaction of DNA bound human RXRalpha ( hRXRalpha ) hRARalpha heterodimers with the nuclear receptor coactivator ( NCoA ) SRC 1 in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Excess RA causes abnormalities of many systems ; altered susceptibility to RA excess in mice lacking RAR gamma or RXR alpha suggests that the teratogenic signal is transduced through different receptors compared with physiological RA function in the same tissue . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Results of transient transfection of RAR / RXR cDNAs and experiments using specific agonists and antagonists suggested that uPA induction is dependent upon RAR ( initially , RARalpha ) with the help of RXRalpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The AF 1 and AF 2 domains of RAR gamma 2 and RXR alpha cooperate for triggering the transactivation and the degradation of RAR gamma 2 / RXR alpha heterodimers . ^^^ In eukaryotic cells , liganded RAR gamma 2 / RXR alpha heterodimers activate the transcription of retinoic acid ( RA ) target genes and then are degraded through the ubiquitin proteasome pathway . ^^^ In this study , we dissected the role of the RAR gamma 2 and RXR alpha partners as well as of their respective AF 1 and AF 2 domains in the processes of transactivation and degradation . ^^^ In contrast , RXR alpha plays only a modulatory role , cooperating with RAR gamma 2 through its AF 2 domain and its phosphorylated AF 1 domain in both the transcription activity and the degradation of the RAR gamma 2 / RXR alpha heterodimers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Importantly , the mutation of mouse RXRalpha ( mRXRalpha ) Tyr 402 substantially weakened RAR heterodimerization while concomitantly increasing homodimerization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects of active form of vitamin A , retinoic acid ( RA ) , are believed to be mediated by specific nuclear receptor proteins [ retinoic acid receptor ( RAR ) ] which are members of the steroid and thyroid / retinoid receptor superfamily of ligand dependent transcriptional regulators , RARalpha , RARgamma , RXRalpha , and RXRbeta mRNA were abundant in adipose tissue and 3T3 L 1 adipose cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results , differential proteolysis sensitivity assays , and glutathione S transferase pulldown experiments demonstrate that , unlike AHPN or the natural or standard synthetic retinoids , MM 11453 does not behave as a RAR or retinoid 10 receptor alpha transcriptional agonist . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , RXR alpha af 1 ( o ) / RAR ( / ) ( alpha , beta or gamma ) compound mutants die in utero and exhibit a large array of malformations that nearly recapitulate the full spectrum of the defects that characterize the fetal vitamin A deficiency ( VAD ) syndrome . ^^^ Altogether , these observations indicate that the RXR alpha AF 1 region A / B is functionally important , although less so than the ligand dependent activation function AF 2 , for efficiently transducing the retinoid signal through RAR / RXR alpha heterodimers during embryonic development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The use of RAR and RXR specific ligands shows that , whereas transactivation of the DR 5 RARE through the RXRalpha / RARalpha1 heterodimer is mediated only by RAR ligands , transactivation through the RXRalpha / RARalpha1DeltaBC heterodimer is mediated by RAR and RXR ligands . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This relocation was not observed in isoleucine deprived cells , which are growth arrested , or in compound RXR alpha ( / ) / RAR gamma ( / ) null mutant cells , which are resistant to RA induced differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the retinoic acid receptors ( RAR ) alpha , RAR gamma , and retinoid 10 receptor alpha were present in the cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Clinical and in vitro studies suggest that some patients with advanced thyroid cancer may respond to therapy with retinoic acid . mRNA expression of the six retinoic acid ( RAR ) and retinoid 10 receptor ( RXR ) isoforms ( RARalpha , beta , gamma and RXRalpha , beta , gamma ) was measured in four human thyroid cell lines , and protein expression was subsequently measured in 10 thyroid cancer cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treatment with RAR and RXR selective ligands showed that RARalpha synergized with RXRalpha to transcriptionally activate blr 1 expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retinoic acid ( RA ) suppresses alpha 2 ( 1 ) collagen expression in hepatic stellate cells through the binding of retinoic acid receptor beta ( RAR beta ) and retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXR alpha ) to RA response elements ( RAREs ) in the alpha 2 ( 1 ) collagen promoter . ^^^ This study determined the influence of coactivators and corepressors to RAR beta and RXR alpha on the regulation of the alpha 2 ( 1 ) collagen promoter . ^^^ The coactivators , steroid receptor coactivator 1 ( SRC 1 ) and growth hormone receptor interacting protein 1 ( GRIP 1 ) , enhanced , while the nuclear receptor corepressor ( N CoR ) abolished the inhibitory effect of RAR beta and RXR alpha on the promoter activity . ^^^ In the presence of RA , the coactivators SRC 1 and GRIP 1 formed complexes with RAR beta and RXR alpha which are bound to an oligonucleotide specifying a RARE site in the promoter . ^^^ In conclusion , this study shows that in the presence of retinoic acid , the coactivators SRC 1 and GRIP 1 augment , while the corepressor N CoR abolishes , the suppressive effects of RAR beta and RXR alpha on alpha 2 ( 1 ) collagen promoter activity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retinoid 10 receptor ( RXR ) / retinoic acid receptor ( RAR ) heterodimers control gene expression through recruitment of co repressors or co activators , depending on their hormone binding status . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The transcriptional antagonism of the 3 ' n butyl analogue was demonstrated by its blockade of retinoic acid receptor ( RAR ) beta expression induced by the RXRalpha / peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ( PPAR ) gamma heterodimer complexed with an RXRalpha agonist plus the PPARgamma agonist ciglitazone and the inhibition of 9 cis RA induced coactivator SRC 1a recruitment to RXRalpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
COPR 1 and its longer variant COPR 2 target the AF 2 domains of NR but exhibit quantitative differences in their functional interactions with RAR , RXRalpha and PPAR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Postlactating mammary glands were found to express all RAR and RXR subtypes studied when compared to nonlactating mammary tissues that express exclusively RARalpha and RXRalpha subtypes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It would be helpful for mechanistic considerations to know whether or not retinoids act through retinoid receptor dependent pathways , and if they do , which of the two families of receptors ( retinoic acid receptors RARalpha , beta , gamma or retinoid 10 receptors RXRalpha , beta , gamma ) are more likely involved . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retinoids exert their effect through ligand dependent transcription factors , retinoic acid receptors ( RARalpha , beta , and gamma ) and retinoid 10 receptor ( RXRalpha , beta , and gamma ) , which belong to the superfamily of steroid / thyroid / vitamin D 3 , nuclear receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both RARalpha and RARbeta form heterodimers with RXRalpha and bind to site A with high affinity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The basal level of RARalpha , RXRalpha and PML mRNA and protein were roughly the same in the three cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reverse transcriptase PCR demonstrated strong expression of transcripts for mouse RA receptors ( RARalpha , RARgamma , and RXRalpha ) , with lower levels of expression of RARbeta , RXRbeta , and RXRgamma in neonatal SVs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We observe that , in transactivation assays , 4HPR is a potent transactivator with RARgamma and a moderate activator with RARbeta but is not an activator with RARalpha and RXRalpha . ^^^ In contrast to transactivation , 4HPR in transrepression assays functions mostly with RARalpha , RARbeta , and RXRalpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TGF beta 1 transcriptionally stimulated the expression of RARalpha , RARgamma , and RXRalpha genes , but did not do so for RARbeta , RXRbeta , and RXRgamma genes . ^^^ We also observed that AP 1 , a transcriptional factor , plays an important role in the signal pathway for expression of RARalpha , RARgamma , and RXRalpha genes stimulated by TGF beta 1 because stimulation of the expression of these genes in the cytokine treated cells was markedly inhibited by a mixture of antisense c fos and c jun . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
S 91 melanoma cells contain mRNA for RXRalpha , RXRbeta , RARalpha , RARgamma , and RARbeta in low levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both receptor classes have three different subtypes ( RARalpha , RARbeta , and RARgamma and RXRalpha , RARbeta , and RARgamma ) that act as ligand dependent transcription factors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Nuclear retinoic acid receptors ( RARs ; RARalpha , beta , and gamma ) and retinoid 10 receptors ( RXRs ; RXRalpha , beta , and gamma ) are thought to mediate most of retinoids ' effects on cell growth and differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blotting analysis confirmed the constitutive expression of RARalpha and absence of RARbeta and weak levels of RXRalpha . ^^^ To further characterize the function of RARalpha , RARbeta and RXRalpha in NB cells , nuclear extracts from LA N 5 cells were analysed by EMSA studies . ^^^ Three specific retarded complexes were observed which were significantly decreased or shifted in the presence of monoclonal antibodies to RARalpha , RARbeta and RXRalpha . ^^^ Treatment with combinations of RARalpha or RARbeta agonists with a RXRalpha agonist or with a RARalpha agonist alone , induced neurite outgrowth supporting the probability that both RXRalpha RARalpha or RXRalpha RARbeta heterodimers are involved in RA mediated differentiation of NB cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vitamin A deficiency and mutations of RXRalpha , RXRbeta and RARalpha lead to early differentiation of embryonic ventricular cardiomyocytes . ^^^ In addition , subepicardial myocytes of RXRalpha ( / ) , RXRalpha ( / ) / RXRbeta ( / ) or vitamin A deficient , but not of RXRbeta ( / ) and RARalpha ( / ) embryos , were often flattened and more loosely connected to one another than those of WT embryos . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GRIP 1 interacts in a hormone dependent manner with the C termini of nuclear hormone receptors such as GRalpha , TRalpha , TRbeta , RARalpha and RXRalpha but not with 5 ErbA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) , we found that peripheral blood B lymphocytes expressed RARalpha , RARgamma , and RXRalpha , but not RARbeta , RXRbeta , or RXRgamma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
McA RH 8994 cells expressed RARalpha and gamma and three types of retinoid 10 receptor ( RXRalpha , beta and gamma ) , but not RARbeta mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RPMI 8226 cells were shown to express mRNAs for all the retinoid receptors subtypes , ie , RARalpha , RARbeta , RARgamma , RXRalpha , RXRbeta , and RXRgamma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The activity of these sites was assessed by their ability to compete with a very strong consensus DR 5 RRE for binding to retinoic acid receptor ( RARalpha ) and retinoid 10 receptor ( RXRalpha ) heterodimers using electrophoretic mobility shift assays . ^^^ Apo ( a ) RRE competed with DR 5 RRE for RARalpha / RXRalpha binding with 1 / 10 the affinity of DR 5 RRE , while a scrambled apo ( a ) RRE was inactive . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression patterns of the three mouse retinoic acid ( RA ) receptor gene isotypes ( RARalpha , RARbeta , and RARgamma ) and retinoid 10 receptor gene isotypes ( RXRalpha , RXRbeta , and RXRgamma ) have been investigated by in situ hybridization analysis of their RNA transcripts in the inner ear of mouse fetuses at 18 . 5 days of gestation . ^^^ Two RARs ( RARalpha and RARgamma ) and two RXRs ( RXRalpha and RXRbeta ) presented an almost ubiquitous transcript distribution with overlapping expression in several regions of the cochlea , such as Klliker ' s organ , the organ of Corti , the spiral limbus , and nervous structures . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Only RARalpha / VDR matched in kind and degree the functional characteristics of RARalpha : ( 1 ) maximally active from the beta ( RARE ) ; ( 2 ) moderately active from the TREs ; ( 3 ) inactive from the retinoic 10 receptor response elements ( RXREs ) ApoA 1 and CRBP 2 ; ( 4 ) forms heterodimers with RXRalpha ; and ( 5 ) binds to the betaRARE . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Electrophoretic mobility shift and super shift assays using a DR 2 ( `` direct repeat ' ' 2 ) RA response element demonstrated DNA binding of RARalpha , RARgamma , RXRalpha and RXRbeta in nuclear extracts of FTC 133 and anaplastic HTh 74 cells . ^^^ Using RT PCR , we detected mRNA for RARalpha , RARbeta , RARgamma , RXRalpha , and RXRbeta in the 4 cell lines and in human thyroid carcinoma samples . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Embryonic mouse upper lip skin explants treated with 16 . 7 microM all trans retinoic acid ( tRA ) give rise to a glandular metaplasia of hair vibrissa follicles ; however , at this concentration , tRA can activate not only the three retinoic acid receptors ( RARalpha , beta , and gamma ) , but also the retinoid 10 receptors ( RXRalpha , beta , and gamma ) as a consequence of its isomerization to 9 cis retinoic acid . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retinoid receptors RARalpha , RARgamma , and RXRalpha are expressed in both the precardiac endoderm and mesoderm in the normal and the vitamin A deficient quail embryo , while the expression of RXRgamma is restricted to precardiac endoderm . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , we have shown that ERalpha directly interacts with RARalpha and RXRalpha through their ligand binding domains ( LBDs ) . ^^^ In the present work , we extend these results by showing that ERbeta binds similarly to RARalpha and RXRalpha but not to the glucocorticoid receptor , as demonstrated by the yeast two hybrid tests and glutathione S transferase pull down assays . ^^^ These direct interactions were also demonstrated in gel shift assays , in which the oestrogen response element ( ERE ) binding by ERalpha was enhanced by the RXRalpha LBD but was abolished by the RARalpha LBD . ^^^ In addition , we showed that RARalpha and RXRalpha bound the ERE as efficiently as ERalpha , suggesting that competition for DNA binding may affect the transactivation function of the ER . ^^^ In transient transfection experiments , co expression of RARalpha or RXRalpha , along with ERalpha or ERbeta , revealed differential modulation of the ERE dependent transactivation , which was distinct from the results when each receptor alone was co transfected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The diverse biological actions of retinoic acid ( RA ) are mediated by retinoic acid receptors ( RARalpha , beta and gamma ) and retinoid 10 receptors ( RXR alpha , beta , and gamma ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Experiments using DNA binding and competition assays showed that the proximal element B ( 87 / 72 ) binds strongly , in addition to HNF 4 , ARP 1 , EAR 2 , and EAR 3 , heterodimers of RXRalpha with RARalpha , and less efficiently , homodimers of RARalpha and heterodimers of RXRalpha with T3Rbeta or PPARalpha . ^^^ Element G ( 669 / 648 ) , which was shown previously to bind ARP 1 and EAR 3 but not HNF 4 , binds strongly heterodimers of RXRalpha with either RARalpha or T3Rbeta . ^^^ Finally element I 4 ( 732 / 712 ) , which was shown to bind HNF 4 , also binds strongly ARP 1 and EAR 3 , as well as RXRalpha / RARalpha heterodimers and less efficiently , RXRalpha / T3Rbeta heterodimers . ^^^ RXRalpha / RARalpha heterodimers and HNF 4 homodimers bind to DR 1 motifs on elements B and I 4 , respectively . ^^^ Cotransfection experiments in HepG 2 cells showed that RXRalpha or a combination of RXRalpha and RARalpha increased the apoCIII promoter activity approximately 2 fold in the presence of the ligands 9 cis or all trans RA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both LE 135 and LE 540 inhibited retinoic acid ( RA ) induced transcriptional activation of RARbeta , but not RARalpha , RARgamma or retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXRalpha ) , on a variety of RA response elements . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine factors involved in the synergistic interaction , expression of the 1 , 25 ( OH ) 2D3 receptor ( VDR ) and retinoid receptors , RARalpha and RXRalpha , was measured . ^^^ In contrast , no changes in RARalpha and RXRalpha were initiated by these compounds . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects of retinoids are mediated by nuclear receptors , i . e . , the retinoic acid receptors ( RARalpha , RARbeta , and RARgamma ) and the retinoid 10 receptors ( RXRalpha , RXRbeta , and RXRgamma ) . ^^^ In tumor cells , overexpression of RXRalpha and RARalpha was frequently observed . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Expression of RARalpha and RXRalpha is either normal or elevated in NSCLC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Binding assays performed in vitro with purified recombinant proteins demonstrated that JNKs did not interact with RXRalpha but bound to its heterodimeric partners , retinoic acid receptors alpha and gamma ( RARalpha and RARgamma ) . ^^^ Hyperphosphorylation by JNKs did not affect the transactivation properties of either RXRalpha homodimers or RXRalpha / RARalpha heterodimers in transfected cultured cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This cellular transformation is specific to an alteration of the RARalpha pathway because overexpression of RARbeta , RARgamma , or RXRalpha did not result in similar growth perturbations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We further explored the effects of the NPM RARalpha chimeric protein on the subcellular localization of PML , RXRalpha , NPM , and PLZF using immunofluorescent confocal microscopy . ^^^ We also observed nuclear co localization of NPM , RXRalpha , and NPM RARalpha in these cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RARalpha and RXRalpha were expressed in and purified from baculovirus infected Sf 9 cells , and transcription was carried out by using naked DNA or chromatin templates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RXRbeta is found in most areas while RARalpha and beta and RXRalpha and gamma show much more restricted patterns of expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PSU 1 interacts in a ligand dependent manner with the LBD of several NRs , including retinoic acid ( RARalpha ) , retinoid 10 ( RXRalpha ) , thyroid hormone ( TRalpha ) , vitamin D 3 ( VDR ) and oestrogen ( ERalpha ) receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both cell lines expressed reasonable amounts of VDR , RARgamma and retinoid 10 receptor alpha and differed only in the relative expression of RARalpha and beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Unexpectedly , HaCaT cells expressed RARbeta in addition to RARalpha , RARgamma and RXRalpha , which are nuclear receptors normally found in HEK . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Results indicate that RARalpha , RXRalpha , and RXRgamma are initially expressed throughout the cochlear duct . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inceasing the hydrophobicity around the rings with analogues ethyl 4 ( N , 4 , 4 , 7 tetramethyl 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 tetrahydroquinolin 6 oyloxy ) benzoate ( 2 ) [ 7 methyl group added ] and ethyl 4 ( 4 , 4 dimethyl N isopropyl 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 tetrahydroquinolin 6 oyloxy ) benzoate ( 3 ) [ NCH ( CH ( 3 ) ) ( 2 ) group at C 4 ] increased the potency and specificity for RARalpha , RARbeta , and RXRalpha , compared to 1 , but had little effect on RXRbeta and RXRgamma activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we show for the first time that , both in vitro and in vivo , CRABPII is associated with RARalpha and RXRalpha in a ligand independent manner in mammalian cells ( HL 60 , NB 4 , and MCF 7 ) . ^^^ Moreover , in the presence of retinoids that bind both the nuclear receptors and CRABPII , enhancement of transactivation by RXRalpha RARalpha heterodimers is observed in the presence of CRABPII . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) was used to amplify cDNA fragments encoding RARalpha , RARbeta , RARgamma , RXRalpha , RXRbeta , and RXRgamma from human retinal RNA . ^^^ The observation that RXRalpha is present in rods whereas RARalpha is present in cones , suggests a mechanism by which RA that is produced upon bleaching , could generate different responses in the two photoreceptor cell subtypes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemical results revealed the expression of RARalpha , RARbeta , RXRalpha , and RXRgamma proteins in somatic and germ cells throughout postnatal development . ^^^ Interestingly , RARalpha and RXRalpha had a similar subcellular localization pattern in Sertoli cells throughout postnatal testis development , while RARalpha and RXRgamma were both present in the nucleus of spermatocytes and elongating spermatids . ^^^ These results suggest that RARalpha may potentially dimerize with RXRalpha in Sertoli cells and with RXRgamma in germ cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) was used to determine that the expression levels of RARalpha , RXRalpha , and RXRbeta were similar in the two cell lines , while RARbeta expression was higher in SCC 2 over SCC 38 , and RARgamma expression was higher in SCC 38 over SCC 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of either RARalpha or RXRalpha by specific agonists induced degradation of both proteins . ^^^ Conversely , a mutation in RARalpha that abolishes heterodimer formation and DNA binding , blocked both RARalpha and RXRalpha degradation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : RARalpha , RARgamma , RXRalpha , and RXRgamma mRNAs were detected in most normal and cancerous prostates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of retinoid receptors ( RARalpha and RXRalpha ) and PPARgamma was determined by western blot analysis . ^^^ The expression of PPARgamma and RXRalpha remained unchanged with the various treatments , whereas the expression of RARalpha was substantially reduced after treatment with the combination of retinoic acid and troglitazone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retinoid transactivation and interleukin 1beta down regulation of the ntcp and mrp 2 promoters were mapped to RXRalpha : RARalpha response elements . ^^^ Gel mobility shift assays demonstrated specific binding of RXRalpha : RARalpha heterodimers to the ntcp and mrp 2 retinoid response elements . ^^^ The RXRalpha : RARalpha complex was down regulated by IL 1beta in HepG 2 cells . ^^^ An unexpected finding was that an adjacent CAAT enhancer binding protein element was required for maximal transactivation of the ntcp promoter by RXRalpha : RARalpha . ^^^ Taken together , these studies demonstrate regulation of two hepatobiliary transporter genes by RXRalpha : RARalpha and describe a mechanism which likely contributes to their down regulation during inflammation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , along the differentiation pathway of MO to DC , only the mRNA expression of RARgamma declined , whereas RARalpha and RXRalpha were constantly expressed at a high level . ^^^ Despite the strong expression of RARalpha and RXRalpha at mRNA level in MO derived DC , the protein expression of the receptors was low in these cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the other hand , all of the six the cell lines expressed RARalpha , RARgamma , and RXRalpha at various levels . 9 cis RA induced accumulation of cell population in G 1 phase in HSC 3 cells on the 6th day of the treatment , followed by a marked reduction in the levels of hyperphosphorylated pRB , whereas p 53 level was not altered . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The biological actions of retinoic acid ( RA ) are mediated by retinoic acid receptors ( RARalpha , beta , and gamma ) and retinoid 10 receptors ( RXR alpha , beta , and gamma ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also demonstrated a posttranscriptional regulation of Nur 77 function by retinoid receptors by showing that transactivation activity of Nur 77 was significantly inhibited by cotransfection of RARalpha or RXRalpha . ^^^ Nur 77 bound RARalpha or RXRalpha in both yeast and mammalian two hybrid tests , suggesting that direct protein protein interaction between these receptors may mediate the inhibition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RT PCR analyses showed the expression of RARalpha , RARbeta , RXRalpha , and RXRbeta messenger ribonucleic acid ( mRNA ) in 10 week cultured mast cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PRIP also binds to PPARalpha , RARalpha , RXRalpha , ER , and TRbeta 1 , and this binding is increased in the presence of specific ligands . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RT PCR analysis indicates that HSC T 6 cells express all 6 retinoid nuclear receptors ( RARalpha , beta , gamma , and RXRalpha , beta , gamma ) and like primary stellate cells , HSC T 6 stellate cells express cellular retinol binding protein , type 1 ( CRBP ) but fail to express either retinol binding protein ( RBP ) or transthyretin ( TTR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Distinct expression profiles of RXRalpha , RARalpha , RARbeta , and RARgamma were observed following treatment with RA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gel mobility supershift analysis revealed the binding of RARalpha and RXRalpha to oligonucleotides containing both Eb and Ec . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retinoids have important effects on the development of the reproductive system , where they act via their specific nuclear receptors : retinoic acid receptors ( RARalpha , ss , gamma ) and retinoid 10 receptors ( RXRalpha , ss , gamma ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cotransfection with RXRalpha can enhance reporter activity 2 . 5 fold , while RXRalpha / RARalpha increased activity 1 . 5 fold . ^^^ Three regions in the CYP4F2 gene are responsive to retinoic acid with the DR 1 RARE element ( CCTCCT G TGACCT ) at 708 able to bind RXRalpha / RARalpha heterodimers and mediate the repressive response of ATRA . ^^^ These results indicate that retinoic acid can regulate CYP4F2 gene activity with RXRalpha heterodimers stimulating while RARalpha functioning to repress CYP4F2 gene expression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RARalpha and RARgamma expression was reduced at both the protein and mRNA levels in RARbeta transfectants , whereas the expression of retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXRalpha ) was not altered . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The vitamin A nuclear receptors compromise six members , three all trans retinoic acid receptors ( RARalpha , RARbeta , RARgamma ) and three 9 cis retinoic acid receptors ( RXRalpha , RXRbeta , RXRgamma ) ( Mangelsdorf et al . 1995 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Percentage of positive cases were RARalpha ; 81 % , RARbeta ; 6 % , RARgamma ; 28 % , RXRalpha ; 81 % , and RXRbeta ; 59 % . ^^^ A significant correlation was detected between RARalpha labeling index ( LI ) , and RXRalpha LI ( r = 0 . 667 , p < 0 . 001 ) . ^^^ A significant correlation was also detected between RARalpha ( r= 0 . 413 , p = 0 . 019 ) or RXRalpha ( r = 0 . 429 , p = 0 . 014 ) LI , and estrogen receptor ( ER ) LI . ^^^ In T 47D breast cancer cells , which express RARalpha , RXRalpha and ER , 17beta HSD reductive activity increased 1 . 76 fold ( p < 0 . 001 ) , five days following treatment with 10 nM retinoic acid . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
AP 1 activity was similarly inhibited by cotransfection with either RARalpha or RXRalpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The biological actions of retinoic acid ( RA ) are mediated by retinoic acid receptors ( RARalpha , beta , and gamma ) and retinoid 10 receptors ( RXRalpha , beta , and gamma ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that only two types of receptors were expressed at the implantation site : RARalpha and RXRalpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects of RARalpha and RXRalpha proteins on growth , viability , and differentiation of 5 myb transformed monoblasts . ^^^ These results suggest that ligand activated RARalpha protein is primarily engaged in control of proliferation and differentiation of 5 myb transformed monoblasts , while activated RXRalpha protein controls their differentiation and death . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We were looking for the expression pattern of RARalpha , beta , gamma and RXRalpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The novel co activator CRABPII binds to RARalpha and RXRalpha via two nuclear receptor interacting domains and does not require the AF 2 ' core ' . ^^^ We identify the RARalpha , RXRalpha and CRABPII domains required for the physical interaction of these proteins . ^^^ On RARalpha and RXRalpha , the sequences correspond to the DEF and DE domains , respectively , but the interaction with CRABPII does not require the AF 2AD ' core ' . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retinoids play an important role in regulating the growth and differentiation of normal , premalignant and malignant cell types , especially epithelial cells , mainly through interaction with two types of nuclear receptors : retinoic acid receptors ( RARalpha , beta and gamma ) and retinoid 10 receptors ( RXRalpha , beta and gamma ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Synthetic retinoids are designed to restrict their toxicity and side effects , mostly by increasing their selectivity toward each isotype of retinoic acids receptors ( RARalpha , beta , gamma and RXRalpha , beta , gamma ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PRMT 2 also binds to ERbeta , PR , TRbeta , RARalpha , PPARgamma , and RXRalpha in a ligand independent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Binding activity of Ntcp transactivators ( hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha ( HNF1alpha ) and CAAT enhancer binding protein alpha ( C / EBPalpha ) were reduced by 24h , whereas retinoid 10 receptor alpha ( RXRalpha ) : retinoid acid receptor alpha ( RARalpha ) as transactivator of both Ntcp and Mrp 2 remained unaltered . ^^^ Maintained binding activity of RXRalpha : RARalpha may explain differences in Mrp 2 expression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The active metabolite of vitamin A ( retinoic acid , RA ) acts through the nuclear receptors RARalpha , beta and gamma and RXRalpha , beta and gamma . ^^^ In the skin , RARgamma and RXRalpha predominate , but RARalpha and RXRbeta are also expressed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RARalpha , beta , and gamma and RXRalpha and gamma exhibit specific and dynamic patterns of distribution in ocular tissues throughout the course of development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The retinoid 10 receptor alpha and the retinoic acid receptor gamma ( RARgamma ) proteins were expressed in all four cell lines , while RARalpha protein was only detected in the HuT 102 and C 8166 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These studies lead to the conclusion that most RA induced events ( e . g . primitive and visceral differentiation , growth arrest , apoptosis and activation of expression of a number of genes ) are transduced by RARgamma / RXRalpha heterodimers , whereas some other events ( e . g . parietal differentiation ) are mediated by RARalpha / RXRalpha . heterodimers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RARalpha was only expressed in mesenchyme , whereas RXRalpha was expressed in epithelium and mesenchyme . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also show that the coactivators CBP / p300 are required for c Myb and C / EBPbeta trans activation function and that RARalpha , RXRalpha and T3R have an inhibitory action on the synergistic transcriptional activity of c Myb and C / EBPbeta and propose a model to explain the phenomena . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overexpression of VPAC 1 in SKNSH cells resulted in upregulation of endogenous retinoic acid receptor expression for both RARalpha and RXRalpha with no change in expression of RARbeta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The biological actions of retinoic acid ( RA ) are mediated by retinoic acid receptors ( RARalpha , RARbeta , and RARgamma ) and retinoid 10 receptors ( RXRalpha , RXRbeta , and RXRgamma ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , on transient transfection assay in H9C2 myoblast , ACCbeta promoter activity was suppressed by RXRalpha and more severely by RARalpha . ^^^ These effects on ACCbeta expression in myoblasts and myotubes by RXRalpha and RARalpha seem to be mediated by their interactions with MRFs because no consensus sequence for RXRalpha and RARalpha has been found in ACCbeta promoter and retinoic acid receptors did not affect this promoter activities by itself . ^^^ In transient transfection in NIH3T3 fibroblast , the activation of ACCbeta promoter by MyoD , main MRF in myoblast , was significantly suppressed by RARalpha and to a less extent by RXRalpha while the RXRalpha drastically augmented the activation by MRF 4 , major MRF in myotube . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Messenger RNA expression of retinoic acid receptors ( RARalpha , RARbeta and RARgamma ) and retinoid 10 receptors ( RXRalpha , RXRbeta and RXRgamma ) was examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 42 papillary thyroid carcinomas ( PTCs ) . ^^^ A loss of mRNA expression was observed in 18 cases of the 42 PTCs , including three cases for RARalpha , 14 cases for RARbeta , six cases for RXRalpha and five cases for RXRbeta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As both RARalpha and RXRalpha are present in fetal and neonatal gonocytes , we suggest that retinoic acid exerts its effects on gonocytes via a RARalpha RXRalpha heterodimer , with RARalpha functioning as an active partner and RXRalpha as a passive partner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PPARalpha was downregulated , RXRalpha expression was unchanged , and RARalpha and VDR showed only transient increases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The RA receptors ( RARs ) , RARalpha , beta , and gamma , and the retinoid 10 receptors ( RXRs ) , RXRalpha , beta , and gamma , were all identified in these cells and shown to mediate the regulation of RPE 65 mRNA expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , affected transgenic epidermis had reduced levels of retinoic acid receptoralpha ( RARalpha ) and retinoic 10 receptor ( RXRalpha ) , and supplementation with exogenous retinoic acid prevented the skin phenotype . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , in ATRA induced gastric cancer cells MGC 80 3 , RXRalpha heterodimerised with RARalpha but not with TR 3 , and remained in the nucleus exerting its effect on cell cycle regulation . ^^^ Furthermore , we demonstrated that the effects of ATRA depend on the relative levels of TR 3 , RARalpha and RXRalpha expression in cancer cells . ^^^ In ATRA induced MCF 7 cells , highly expressed TR 3 favours the formation of TR3 / RXRalpha and promotes the TR3 / RXRalpha signalling pathway causing apoptosis ; while in ATRA induced MGC 80 3 cells , high expression of RARalpha favours the formation of RARalpha / RXRalpha and promotes the RXRalpha / RARalpha signalling pathway in mediating cell cycle regulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We used cultured normal human keratinocytes and melanocytes to examine the effects of UV irradiation on the expression of the predominant retinoid receptors in the human skin ( RARalpha , RARgamma and RXRalpha ) and the AP 1 protein c Jun ; mRNA levels were studied by real time PCR and protein levels by Western blot . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glomerular expression of RXRalpha and RARalpha receptor mRNA was significantly greater in vehicle treated nephritic rats than in nonnephritic controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This association was most evident in RXRalpha and was also noted with retinoic acid ( RA ) receptor alpha ( RARalpha ) , but not found in other RARs and RXRs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we report the expression patterns of mRNAs for RARalpha , RARalpha 2 , RARbeta 2 , RARgamma , RARgamma 2 , RXRalpha , and RARgamma from neurulation to HH 10 in the normal and vitamin A deficient ( VAD ) quail embryo . ^^^ At the 4 / 5 somite stage of HH 8 , when retinoid signaling is initiated in the avian embryo , mRNAs of all receptors are present , with very strong and ubiquitous expression patterns for RARalpha , RARalpha 2 , RARgamma , RARgamma 2 , and RXRalpha , a persistent expression of RARgamma in the neural tissues , a strong expression of RARbeta 2 in lateral plate mesoderm and somites , and an anterior expression of RXRgamma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We treated HL 60 and ATRA resistant HL 60 ( HL 60R ) cells that express mutated RARalpha and very low levels of RARbeta , RARgamma and RXRalpha with 4 HPR ( 2 microM ) for 3 days . 4 HPR showed significant anti proliferative effects against both cell types and induced growth inhibition ( 92 . 7 % ) in HL 60 cells . ^^^ Growth inhibition by 4 HPR was significantly enhanced in HL 60R cells that were retroviraly transduced to express human RARalpha , RARbeta or RXRalpha ( 95 . 6 % , 97 . 1 % , and 75 . 6 % , respectively ) , in comparison to HL 60R cells ( P < 0 . 05 ) , but not in HL 60R cells expressing RARgamma . ^^^ However , induction of CYP 26 mRNA by 4 HPR was restored in HL 60R cells expressing RARalpha and RARgamma , but not RARbeta and RXRalpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retinoids regulate keratinocyte proliferation and maturation via binding to nuclear retinoic acid receptors ( mainly RARalpha and RARgamma ) which form heterodimers with the 9 cis RA receptor , RXRalpha . ^^^ We have previously shown that mRNA expression of RARalpha and RXRalpha is down regulated in psoriatic lesions as compared with non lesional human skin . ^^^ In the present study , we investigated the protein expression of RARalpha , RARgamma and RXRalpha in normal and psoriatic skin using indirect immunofluorescence analysis . ^^^ Epidermal keratinocytes of normal and non lesional psoriatic skin displayed similar nuclear localization of all three receptors ; RARalpha was detected with decreasing intensity from basal to suprabasal layers , RARgamma showed the opposite trend , whereas RXRalpha was evenly expressed throughout the epidermis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effects of in utero exposure to bisphenol A on expression of RARalpha and RXRalpha mRNAs in murine embryos . ^^^ To evaluate the effects of bisphenol A ( BPA ) , a candidate endocrine disruptor ( ED ) , on embryonic development , we examined the mRNA levels of RARalpha and RXRalpha in murine embryos , exposed in utero to BPA ( 2 microg / kg / day ) at 6 . 5 17 . 5 days post coitum ( dpc ) , by the real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) method . ^^^ RARalpha and RXRalpha mRNAs were expressed in gonads ( testes and ovaries ) of murine embryos from 12 . 5 to 18 . 5 dpc . ^^^ In utero exposure to BPA decreased levels of RARalpha mRNA in testes of 14 . 5 and 18 . 5 dpc embryos , levels of RXRalpha mRNA in testes of 14 . 5 dpc embryos , and levels of RXRalpha mRNA in ovaries of 14 . 5 dpc embryos . ^^^ The present findings indicate that RARalpha and RXRalpha play crucial roles in organogenesis , and the growth and development of murine embryos , and will contribute to the assessment of the toxic effects of BPA on retinoid signals in embryogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Among the compounds studied , 46a , b showed not only very good potency against RXRalpha ( K ( 1 ) = 6 nM ) but was also found to be greater than 167 fold selective vs RARalpha ( K ( 1 ) > 1000 nM ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Similar reductions were observed for the retinoic acid receptor RARalpha and RXRalpha proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , mRNA levels peaked close to that of adult rats ( > 6 wk old rats ) by 4 wk of age for farnesoid 10 receptor ( FXR ) , pregnane 10 receptor ( PXR ) , liver 10 receptor alpha ( LXRalpha ) , peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha ( PPARalpha ) , retinoid acid receptor alpha ( RARalpha ) , LRH 1 , and SHP , whereas RXRalpha mRNA lagged behind . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retinoic acid ( RARalpha , beta , gamma ) and retinoid 10 ( RXRalpha , beta , gamma ) receptors mediate the retinoid / rexinoid signal to the transcriptional machineries by interacting at the first level with coactivators or corepressors , which leads to the recruitment of enzymatically active noncovalent complexes at target gene promoters . ^^^ Here we describe the use of nondenaturing electrospray ionization mass spectrometry ( ESI MS ) to determine the characteristics of CoRNR box peptide binding to the ligand binding domains of the RARalpha RXRalpha heterodimer . ^^^ The stability of the RARalpha RXRalpha CoRNR ternary complexes was monitored in the presence of different types of agonists or antagonists for the two receptors , including inverse agonists . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gene expression in tumor tissues was detected with the following frequencies : RARalpha 100 % , RARbeta 94 % , RARgamma 94 % , RXRalpha 100 % , RXRbeta 100 % and RXRgamma 92 % . ^^^ Levels of mRNA expression in tumor tissues compared with matching normal appearing tissue were equal or reduced with the following frequencies : RARalpha 76 . 1 % , RARbeta 59 . 1 % , RARgamma 39 . 8 % , RXRalpha 67 . 1 % , RXRbeta 54 . 5 % and RXRgamma 88 . 6 % , and were significantly associated with any one other subtype . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These cells were found to express the retinoid acid receptors RARalpha , RARbeta , RARgamma , RXRalpha , and RXRbeta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : ( 1 ) IC 50 values of positive control compounds ( BRL 49653 and troglitazone ) obtained from the ' ABCDE ' method and HA assay were comparable and consistent with those reported elsewhere ; ( 2 ) Approximately 178 compounds , showing more than 70 % competitive inhibition on BRL 49653 binding to PPARgamma , were identified initially by the ' ABCDE ' method ( microbead ) ; ( 3 ) Secondary screening using FlashPlate and cross reactivity studies with RARalpha , beta , gamma and RXRalpha , beta , gamma confirmed that 12 compounds possessed specific PPARgamma binding properties including 2 with IC 50 values less than 0 . 5 micromol / L and novel chemical structures . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Exposure to BPA increased expression levels of RARalpha and RXRalpha mRNAs in the cerebra , cerebella , and gonads of male and female 14 . 5 and 18 . 5 dpc embryos . ^^^ Extremely low dose BPA ( 0 . 02 microg / kg / day ) increased RARalpha mRNA expression in the cerebella of male and female 14 . 5 and 18 . 5 dpc embryos and in the gonads of female 14 . 5 dpc embryos , and significantly increased RXRalpha mRNA expression in the cerebra and cerebella of male and female 14 . 5 dpc embryos . ^^^ The present findings confirm that in utero exposure to an extremely low dose of BPA up regulates the mRNA expression of AhR , RARalpha , and RXRalpha in murine embryos and disrupts the receptor dependent signal transducing systems , and will contribute to the assessment of the toxic effects of BPA on xenobiotic metabolism and retinoid signals in embryogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present paper shows that proliferating PCC 7 cells primarily express RXRalpha and RARalpha , lower levels of RXRbeta , and barely detectable amounts of RARbeta , RARgamma , and RXRgamma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , for fetal and neonatal samples , there were positive correlations between gestational age and mRNA expression for RARalpha ( r = 0 . 665 ; P = 0 . 001 ) , RXRalpha ( r = 0 . 444 ; P = 0 . 050 ) , and RXRgamma ( r = 0 . 464 ; P = 0 . 039 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CBDL and LPS but not CA induced cytokine expression and reduced levels of HNF 1alpha , HNF 3beta , HNF 4alpha , RXRalpha , and RARalpha to similar extents in FXR+ / + and FXR / . ^^^ Reduced levels of HNF 1alpha , RXRalpha , and RARalpha in CBDL FXR / mice and reduced DNA binding in CA fed FXR / mice , despite unchanged Ntcp levels , indicate that these factors may have a minor role in regulation of mouse Ntcp during cholestasis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the expression of the subtypes RARalpha , RARgamma , RXRalpha and RXRbeta by immunohistochemistry in ovarian cancers of 80 patients , and assessed their prognostic significance . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The retinoid response is mediated by two classes of nuclear receptors , the retinoic acid receptors ( RARalpha , beta , and gamma ) and the retinoid 10 receptors ( RXRalpha , beta , and gamma ) which act as ligand dependent heterodimeric RAR / RXR transcription activators . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : A widespread carcinogenic field effect was detected for more than 50 % of the genes analyzed including Bax , BFT , CDX 2 , COX 2 , DAPK , DNMT 1 , GSTP 1 , RARalpha , RARgamma , RXRalpha , RXRbeta , SPARC , TSPAN , and VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Nuclear receptors mRNA levels of RARalpha , RARgamma , RXRalpha , PPARgamma were measured in the Swat by a real time semi quantitative RT PCR method . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also show that RARalpha and RXRbeta are confined to Sertoli cells , whereas RARgamma is expressed in spermatogonia and RARbeta , RXRalpha , and RXRgamma are colocalized in step 7 8 spermatids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We examined mRNA expression of the retinoid receptors RARalpha , RARbeta 2 , RARgamma and RXRalpha , as well as two putative RARbeta 2 target genes , DAB 2 and Midkine , in normal and malignant bladder tissue specimens from human patients . ^^^ Expression of RARalpha , RARbeta 2 , RARgamma and RXRalpha mRNA was detected in all of the non neoplastic patient bladder specimens . ^^^ RARbeta 2 mRNA expression was undetectable in 7 / 13 tumors , RARalpha in 3 / 13 , RARgamma in 1 / 13 and RXRalpha in 2 / 13 . ^^^ RARalpha , RARgamma and RXRalpha mRNA expression was detected in 5 / 5 cell lines , independent of retinoid exposure . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Using real time RT PCR the relative amount of mRNA of the retinoid ( RARalpha , RARgamma and RXRalpha ) and thyroid ( TRalpha and TRbeta ) nuclear receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) of young ( 24 57 years old , n = 22 ) compared with elderly ( 69 90 years old , n = 24 ) healthy subjects was quantitated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retinoid is a collective term for compounds which bind to and activate retinoic acid receptors ( RARalpha , beta , gamma and RXRalpha , beta , gamma ) , members of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We stably expressed either RARalpha , RARbeta , RARgamma , or RXRalpha expression vector into RD cells and found that only RARbeta or RARgamma induced a significant RA growth arrest without promoting differentiation indicating that changes in the amounts of RARs and RXRs are not sufficient to determine the RA myogenic response of rhabdomyosarcoma cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RARalpha , beta , gamma , and RXRalpha , beta , gamma ) expression is considered to play an important role in development of squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC ) , which is the most common esophageal cancer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the nonlesioned spinal cord , immunoreactivity for RARalpha , RXRalpha , RXRbeta and RXRgamma was localized in the cytosol of neurons , that of RXRalpha and RXRbeta in astrocytes and that of RARalpha , RXRalpha and RXRgamma in some oligodendrocytes . ^^^ A similar nuclear translocation was also observed for the RARalpha , RXRalpha and RXRbeta staining in neurons situated around the border of the contusion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of retinoid receptors ( RARalpha , beta and RXRalpha , beta ) was established at transcript and protein levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P10276 and P19793	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA