| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.65454259 |
| Importantly , when the LBD of RARalpha was co expressed with ERalpha , transactivation of ERalpha on the ERE was repressed as efficiently as when wild type RARalpha was co expressed . 0.65454259^^^ Recently , we have shown that ERalpha directly interacts with RARalpha and RXRalpha through their ligand binding domains ( LBDs ) . 0.64261222^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have shown previously that ER positive cells express higher levels of retinoic acid receptor ( RAR ) alpha , suggesting that RAR alpha gene expression may be regulated in breast cancer cells by estrogens . ^^^ In parallel we demonstrate that ER positive cells exhibit greater RA sensitivity in the presence of E 2 , suggesting that E 2 induced expression of RAR alpha 1 is involved in growth inhibition by RA . ^^^ To directly investigate the role of RAR alpha 1 in RA mediated growth inhibition , we introduced RAR alpha 1 expression vectors into RA resistant and ER negative MDA MB 231 cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recent studies demonstrate that estrogen receptor ( ER ) positive human breast carcinoma ( HBC ) cell lines and tumor samples exhibit significantly higher levels of RAR alpha than their ER negative counterparts . ^^^ We previously demonstrated that the expression of functional ERs in an established ER negative cell line resulted in higher levels of RAR alpha and sensitivity to growth inhibition by RA . ^^^ To further investigate the major role of RAR alpha in retinoid mediated inhibition of growth , we transfected RAR alpha cDNA in two RA resistant ER negative HBC cell lines . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Retinoic acid receptors ( RAR ) alpha , beta , and gamma are expressed in these cells and the expression of RAR alpha is significantly greater in estrogen receptor ( ER ) positive cells . ^^^ This study was undertaken to determine whether the same relationship between RAR alpha and ER gene expression was present in human breast cancers and to explore the possibility that the higher level of RAR alpha in ER positive cells was due to estrogen regulation of RAR alpha gene expression . ^^^ RAR alpha and ER mRNA expression were determined by Northern blot analysis in 116 primary breast tumors ; 94 ( 81 % ) tumors were ER positive and of these 87 ( 93 % ) were also RAR alpha positive . ^^^ The coexpression of ER and RAR alpha was statistically significant ( P = 0 . 0052 by chi 2 contingency analysis ) . ^^^ There was also a positive correlation ( by linear regression analysis ) between the levels of expression of ER and RAR alpha mRNA ( r 2 = 0 . 251 , P = 0 . 0001 ) , which confirmed the relationship previously documented in breast cancer cell lines and suggested that RAR alpha expression may be modulated in breast cancer in vivo by estrogens acting via the ER . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The ER negative cells inherently express lower levels of RAR alpha and retinoic acid response element ( RARE ) mediated RA induced CAT activity . ^^^ In this study we report that when ER negative MDA MB 231 cells were transfected with the ER gene they not only expressed higher levels of RAR alpha and RARE mediated RA induced CAT gene expression , but their growth was not inhibited by RA . ^^^ Estrogen enhanced RAR alpha gene expression not only in established ER positive cell lines but also in ER transfected MDA MB 231 cells . ^^^ Our data strongly suggest that ER mediated enhancement of RAR alpha levels plays an important role in RA inhibition of HBC growth . ^^^ Estrogen receptor negative breast cancer cells transfected with the estrogen receptor exhibit increased RAR alpha gene expression and sensitivity to growth inhibition by retinoic acid . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Conversion of ER amino acids 222 to 226 , which lie within region C , to the corresponding residues of the human RAR alpha abolishes formation of dimeric protein DNA complexes . ^^^ Conversely , replacement of the same region of RAR alpha with ER residues 222 to 226 creates a derivative that , unlike the RAR alpha DBD , binds cooperatively to an ERE , indicating that this region is important for dimerization in the ER . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using a domain swapping approach , we demonstrate that chimeric RAR alpha 1 and RXR alpha containing the DNA binding domain of the estrogen receptor activate transcription of a cognate reporter gene in yeast , independently of each other . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using a yeast two hybrid system we report the isolation of a novel mouse protein , mSUG 1 , that interacts with retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RAR alpha ) both in yeast cells and in vitro in a ligand and AF 2 activating domain ( AF 2 AD ) dependent manner and show that it is a structural and functional homologue of the essential yeast protein SUG 1 . mSUG 1 also efficiently interacts with other nuclear receptors , including oestrogen ( ER ) , thyroid hormone ( TR ) , Vitamin D 3 ( VDR ) and retinoid 10 ( RXR ) receptors . ^^^ By comparing the interaction properties of these receptors with mSUG 1 and TIF 1 , we demonstrate that : ( 1 ) RXR alpha efficiently interacts with TIF 1 , but not with mSUG 1 , whereas TR alpha interacts much more efficiently with mSUG 1 than with TIF 1 , and RAR alpha , VDR and ER efficiently interact with mSUG 1 and TIF 1 ; ( 2 ) the amphipathic alpha helix core of the AF 2 AD is differentially involved in interactions of RAR alpha with mSUG 1 and TIF 1 ; ( 3 ) the AF 2 AD cores of RAR alpha and ER are similarly involved in their interaction with TIF 1 , but not with mSUG 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although a positive correlation between RAR alpha mRNA levels and estrogen receptor status of breast tumors has previously been documented , we did not find such a relationship at the protein level . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We found that RAR alpha mRNA level was significantly higher in ER positive cell lines and samples . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To clarify the vitamin A action on estrogen induced development in the oviduct , transcripts of nuclear estrogen receptor ( ER ) and all trans retinoic acid ( RAR alpha , beta and gamma ) receptors , which exert the effects of estrogen and vitamin A , were measured . ^^^ The ER , RAR alpha and RAR beta genes , but not that of RAR gamma , were expressed during oviduct development , indicating that estrogen and vitamin A may control the expression of target genes through their cognate receptors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Additionally , ER DNA binding domain mutants that are not capable of binding to DNA were just as effective as wild type ER in their ability to confer estrogen responsiveness to the RAR alpha promoter , implying that ER DNA binding ability is not required for the estrogen induced increase in transcriptional activity . ^^^ Interestingly , upon treatment of MCF 7 cells with estradiol or the ER antagonists , increased levels of RAR alpha RNA and protein were observed with the antagonists as well as with estrogen . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The relationship between the effect of retinoic acid ( RA ) on the growth of breast cancer cell and their estrogen receptor ( ER ) status as well as the relationship between RA effect and the expression of retinoic acid receptorsd ( RAR alpha ) were studied by cell growth assay , Northern Blot and gene transfection . ^^^ RAR alpha mRNA level was significantly higher in ER positive breast cancer cell lines than that in ER negative breast cancer cell line . ^^^ When , RAR alpha cDNA was introduced and ixpressed in RA resistant , ER negative MDA MB 231 breast cancer cell line , its growth was strongly inhibited by RA . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we found that only RAR alpha mRNA levels was strongly correlated with ER status . ^^^ To further investigate the major role of RAR alpha in retinoid mediated inhibition of growth , we transfected RAR alpha cDNA into two RA resistant ER negative HBC cell lines . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Retinoic acid ( RA ) inhibition of estrogen receptor ( ER ) positive breast carcinoma seems to be mediated through RAR alpha . ^^^ Estrogens upregulate RAR alpha in ER positive breast carcinoma cell lines . ^^^ In this study we examined RAR alpha expression in the ER positive MCF 7 and ER negative MDA MB 231 human breast carcinoma cell lines as well as in 10 ER negative and 9 ER positive infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma specimens using immunohistochemistry and quantitation by image cytometry . ^^^ ER positive breast carcinoma specimens also exhibited approximately two fold higher RAR alpha levels than their ER negative counterparts . ^^^ Thus , RAR alpha expression is significantly elevated in ER positive breast tumors as assessed by detection and quantitation using immunohistochemical staining and image cytometry , respectively . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The dogma in the field has been that ER positive breast cancer cell lines respond to retinoid treatment because they express RAR alpha , whereas ER negative breast cancer cell lines are refractory to retinoid treatment and have been thought to express little or no RAR alpha . ^^^ We set out to test several ER negative breast cancer cell lines for expression of RAR alpha protein and responsiveness to retinoids in growth inhibition assays . ^^^ Of six ER negative breast cancer cell lines that were tested , one ( SK BR 3 ) had high levels of RAR alpha protein as measured by ligand binding immunoprecipitation ( approximately 55 fmol / mg protein ) and also displayed sensitivity to growth inhibition by retinoids ( 9 cis retinoic acid ; EC 50 , approximately 3 nM ) . ^^^ These cells were more sensitive than an ER positive cell line , T 47D , which expressed approximately 35 fmol RAR alpha / mg total protein ( 9 cis retinoic acid ; EC 50 , approximately 50 100 nM ) . ^^^ Another ER negative cell line , Hs578T , also expressed RAR alpha ( approximately 23 fmol / mg ) and was sensitive to retinoid induced growth inhibition , albeit to a lesser extent than SK BR 3 or T 47D cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using an affinity purified antiserum specific for RAR alpha and a monoclonal antibody recognizing the full length estrogen receptor molecule ( clone 6F11 ) , we performed immunohistochemistry on frozen tissue sections and examined the relationship between RAR alpha and estrogen receptor protein expression by comparing the percentage of immunostained tumor cells for either receptor . ^^^ Our findings indicate a strong linear relationship between the percentages of RAR alpha and estrogen receptor labeled tumor cells as determined by linear regression analysis ( P < 0 . 005 , r = 0 . 825 ) . ^^^ Thus , serous adenocarcinomas are capable of expressing RAR alpha and estrogen receptor despite high histological grade and advanced stage of neoplastic disease . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Results from a series of GST pulldown assays showed that these Gadd 45 family proteins interact with several nuclear hormone receptors including RXR alpha , RAR alpha , ER alpha , PPAR alpha , PPAR beta , and PPAR gamma 2 in vitro . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Retinoic acid receptor alpha 1 ( RAR alpha 1 ) gene expression is induced by 17 beta estradiol ( E 2 ) in estrogen receptor ( ER ) positive breast cancer cells , and the 100 to 49 region of the RAR alpha 1 gene promoter was previously shown to be required for E 2 responsiveness . ^^^ These results demonstrate that interaction of a transcriptionally active ER / Sp1 complex with GC rich motifs is required for hormone inducibility of the downstream region of the RAR alpha 1 gene promoter . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In particular , estrogen receptor positive ( ER+ ) cells display a higher sensitivity to RARs selective compounds , the RAR alpha selective compound being the most effective agent , while estrogen receptor negative ( ER ) cells show a greater responsiveness to the RXR alpha selective retinoid . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Higher differentiated , estrogen dependent , estrogen receptor ( ER ) positive ( ER+ ) mammary carcinoma cells have been found to contain relatively high levels of RAR alpha and to be responsive to retinoids , whereas most undifferentiated , estrogen independent , ER negative ( ER ) cells are characterized by low RAR alpha expression and by retinoid resistance . ^^^ In the present investigation , we directly examined the relative contribution of the distinct retinoid receptors to the retinoid response of breast cancer cells by comparing the effects of low concentrations of specific retinoids , which selectively activate individual receptor subtypes , on growth , cell cycle distribution , apoptosis , and on the autoregulation of RAR alpha and RAR gamma in ER SK BR 3 and ER+ T47D breast cancer cells . ^^^ Thus , our results support the idea that RAR alpha is the crucial receptor mediating the biological effects during retinoid signaling in both ER SK BR 3 and ER+ T47D human breast cancer cells . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RAR alpha LI was significantly correlated with Ki 67 LI in DCIS ( P = 0 . 0040 ) , especially in estrogen receptor ( ER ) positive DCIS . ^^^ Our results suggest that RXRs are much more widely distributed than RARs in intraductal proliferative lesions of tne human breast , but ER positive DCIS cases with high cell proliferative activity are associated with RAR alpha , suggesting the possible involvement of retinoids through RAR alpha in tumor cell proliferation in DCIS . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition to interacting with ER alpha , ERAP 140 also binds ER beta , TR beta , PPAR gamma , and RAR alpha . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition to cytomorphological criteria , expression of ER alpha and beta , RAR alpha and beta , and IGF 1 receptor in the nucleus should be examined . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The pathogenesis of each of these diseases is underpinned by the activities of a member of the superfamily ; estrogen receptor alpha ( ER alpha ) in breast cancer , androgen receptor ( AR ) in prostate cancer , and retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RAR alpha ) in acute promyelocytic leukaemia . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| One of the ERalpha regulatory modules identified is located 3 . 7 kb downstream of the first transcriptional start site of the RARA locus , which encodes retinoic acid receptor alpha 1 ( RARalpha 1 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVE : To evaluate whether the growth inhibition by retinoic acid and RAR alpha mRNA expression levels were affected by the change of ER expression . ^^^ RESULTS : In ER transfected cells not only was the RAR alpha mRNA expression increased , but their growth was inhibited by retinoic acid as well . ^^^ Estrogen could greatly stimulate the RAR alpha gene expression not only in established ER positive cell lines but also in ER transfected MDA MB 231 cells . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Our data strongly suggest that ER mediated enhancement of RAR alpha levels play an important role in RA inhibition of human breast cancer cell growth . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Time courses of free ER in cell cultures treated with 17beta estradiol ( E 2 ) , nonylphenol ( NP ) , and bisphenol A ( BPA ) were determined by means of radioreceptorassay ( RARA ) . ^^^ Extracts of the river Alb were subjected to RARA for ER binding to cytosolic liver fraction as well as to primary cultured hepatocytes for assessment of ER mRNA induction . ^^^ The results by RARA demonstrated clearly that binding to ER was highest in sewage treatment plant effluents and increased during the course of the river . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , retinoic acid failed to be associated with estrogen receptor , suggesting that retinoic acid induced enhancement of B 1 cell growth through its interaction with retinoic acid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The AF 2 region of the retinoic acid receptor alpha mediates retinoic acid inhibition of estrogen receptor function in breast cancer cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Estradiol mediated enhancement of retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RARalpha ) expression in the estrogen receptor ( ER ) positive human breast carcinoma ( HBC ) cells results in their sensitivity to RA mediated growth inhibition ( A . ^^^ Regulation of the human retinoic acid receptor alpha gene in the estrogen receptor negative human breast carcinoma cell lines SKBR 3 and MDA MB 435 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TRAP 220 also interacts with other nuclear receptors [ vitamin D receptor , retinoic acid receptor alpha , retinoid 10 receptor alpha , peroxisome proliferation activated receptor ( PPAR ) alpha , PPARgamma and , to a lesser extent , estrogen receptor ] in a ligand dependent manner , whereas TRAP 100 shows only marginal interactions with estrogen receptor , retinoid 10 receptor alpha , PPARalpha , and PPARgamma . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , the effect of exogenously expressed ER on retinoid response was much greater than that obtained by overexpression of RA receptor alpha and / or retinoid 10 receptor alpha . ^^^ Estrogen receptor expression activates the transcriptional and growth inhibitory response to retinoids without enhanced retinoic acid receptor alpha expression . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Purification and identification of p 68 RNA helicase acting as a transcriptional coactivator specific for the activation function 1 of human estrogen receptor alpha . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| MCF 7 cells , which express the oestrogen receptor alpha ( ER alpha ) , and HeLa cells , which do not express the oestrogen receptor , were transfected with a plasmid containing the luciferase gene downstream from a minimum promoter ( beta globin ) and an oestrogen responsive element , generating the MELN and the HELN cell lines , respectively . ^^^ MELN cells enabled the detection of compounds that bind to the ER alpha or interfere with its pathway . ^^^ We thus established ER alpha or ER beta reporter cell lines by transfecting ER alpha or ER beta expression plasmids , and also retinoic acid receptor alpha , beta or gamma reporter cell lines by transfecting the chimaeric RAR gene , in which the DNA binding domain was replaced by the ER alpha DNA binding domain . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Melatonin has been shown to bind to the MT 1 G protein coupled receptor ( GPCR ) in MCF 7 breast cancer cells to modulate the estrogen response pathway suppressing estrogen induced estrogen receptor alpha ( ERalpha ) transcriptional activity , blunting ER / DNA binding activity and suppressing cell proliferation . ^^^ In these studies we have examined the effect of melatonin on the transcriptional activity of the ERalpha and other members of the steroid / thyroid hormone receptor superfamily , namely , the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and the retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RARalpha ) . ^^^ Differential regulation of estrogen receptor alpha , glucocorticoid receptor and retinoic acid receptor alpha transcriptional activity by melatonin is mediated via different G proteins . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Human breast cancer cell lines expressing the estrogen receptor alpha ( ERalpha ) , all trans retinoic acid ( ATRA ) receptor alpha ( RARalpha ) and cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2 ( CRABPII ) genes are sensitive to ATRA mediated growth inhibition . ^^^ Expression of estrogen receptor alpha , retinoic acid receptor alpha and cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2 genes is coordinately regulated in human breast cancer cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ERRgamma 3 augmented the ligand dependent transcriptional activities of ER ( estrogen receptor ) alpha , ERbeta , and thyroid receptor ( TR ) alpha by 1 . 3 , 4 , and 2 . 1 fold whereas it inhibited fully the activity of glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Estrogen receptor alpha ( ER alpha ) is a ligand activated transcription factor and a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily . ^^^ The classic mechanism of ER alpha action is associated with estrogen induced formation of a nuclear ER alpha homodimer , binding to 5 ' regulatory estrogen response elements ( EREs ) in target gene promoters , interaction with other nuclear proteins , and general transcription factors to activate gene expression . ^^^ ER alpha also interacts with Sp 1 protein to transactivate genes through binding Sp 1 ( N ) xERE or Sp 1 ( N ) xERE half site ( 1 / 2 ) motifs where both ER alpha and Sp 1 bind DNA elements . ^^^ Activation through Sp 1 ( N ) xERE1 / 2 requires interactions of both proteins with their cognate DNA elements as well as additional nuclear factors to form a functional ER alpha / Sp1 DNA complex . ^^^ Recent studies also show that ER alpha and Sp 1 physically interact and ER alpha preferentially binds to the C terminal DNA binding domain of Sp 1 protein . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| All trans retinoic acid has been shown to have an antiproliferative effect in the estrogen receptor alpha positive breast cancer cell line MCF 7 . ^^^ This finding indicates that Hairy and Enhancer of Split homologue 1 is a mediator of the antiproliferative effect of all trans retinoic acid in estrogen receptor alpha positive breast cancer cell lines . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using a transient co transfection system we have demonstrated that response elements for estrogen ( ER ) , thyroid hormone ( TR ) and retinoic acid receptors ( RAR ) are closely related . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have systematically compared the selectivity of DNA sequence recognition by the estrogen receptor and the retinoic acid receptor ( RAR ) and retinoid 10 receptor ( RXR ) , using a variety of synthetic oligonucleotides related to natural response elements . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| What is the biochemical connection between exogenous signal transduction ( i . e . , GRH / GHRH R , TR , ER , RAR ) and PIT 1 at the GH gene . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RAR beta mRNA ( 3 . 7 kilobases ) was detected in seven of the eleven lines tested and was expressed most commonly in ER cell lines . ^^^ RAR gamma mRNA was expressed in all cell lines as a transcript of 3 . 4 kilobases at levels that were similar in both ER+ and ER cell lines . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Despite the apparent weak interaction at the RAR level , 4 HPR was comparable to RA in the inhibition of both estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor mediated transcriptional activation in MCF 7 and T 47D cells , respectively . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| When the induction of RXR alpha and RAR gamma was compared to genes known to be responsive to E 2 , including estrogen receptor ( ER ) and c fos , RXR alpha was induced within 0 . 5 h of hormone treatment , while RAR gamma induction was evident by 4 h . ^^^ Therefore , the induction of RXR alpha and RAR gamma by E 2 and their expression pattern in relation to ER suggest that they are needed to coordinate specific genetic programs that result in cervical epithelial growth and differentiation . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Transient co transfection assays indicate that 9 cis RA inhibits estrogen receptor transcription of an ERE tk LUC reporter through RAR or RXR receptors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| One hypothesis was direct competition between nuclear receptors ( ER , RAR and RXR ) at the DNA level . ^^^ We first showed in vitro that the RAR / RXR heterodimer could weakly bind an ERE and that retinoid receptors reduced binding of ER to an ERE . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Since nuclear type 2 nuclear receptors , including retinoic acid receptor ( RAR ) , retinoid 10 receptor ( RXR ) and thyroid hormone receptor ( TR ) , bind direct repeats ( DR ) of the estrogen response elements ( ERE ) half site ( 5 ' AGGTCA 3 ' ) , we examined the ability of estrogen receptor ( ER ) versus type 2 nuclear receptors , i . e . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using a yeast two hybrid system with VDR , we have isolated a mouse Ca ( 2+ ) binding protein ( designated as VAF 1 ) specifically interacting in vivo and in vitro with VDR among nuclear receptors like RAR , RXR , ER and GR . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We show that expression of hTAF ( 2 ) 135 in mammalian cells strongly and selectively potentiates transcriptional stimulation by the activation function 2 ( AF 2 ) of the retinoic acid , thyroid hormone , and vitamin D 3 receptors ( RAR , TR , and VDR ) , but does not affect the AF 2s of the estrogen ( ER ) or retinoid 10 ( RXR ) receptors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two chimeric RAR receptors were constructed which contained the ligand binding domain of the estrogen receptor ( ER ) : RARalpha / ER and ER / RARalpha / ER . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The discovery and development of information surrounding the retinoic acid receptors ( RAR and RXR ) has ushered in a new era in understanding the molecular mechanism of action of vitamin A in embryonic development and cellular differentiation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NID+L , but not NID L , interacts with the liganded LBDs of RAR , TR , retinoid 10 receptor ( RXR ) , and estrogen receptor ( ER ) , and this interaction is abrogated by mutations in the LBD alpha helix 12 that prevent binding of coactivators of the ligand induced transcriptional activation function AF 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Indeed , several nuclear receptors , including the estrogen ( ER alpha ) , progesterone , retinoic acid ( RAR ) , and androgen receptors , displayed a similar potential to bind C / EBPs . ^^^ Therefore , the GR AF 2 may encode functional features that distinguish the transcriptional regulatory potential of GR from that of ER and RAR . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The putative transcriptional mediator TIF1alpha is a nuclear protein kinase that has been identified via its interaction with liganded nuclear receptors , including retinoic acid ( RAR ) , retinoid 10 ( RXR ) and estrogen ( ER ) receptors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Molecular interactions between retinoid receptors or estrogen receptors ( ER ) and c erbB 2 , and between ER and retinoic acid receptor ( RAR ) alpha have been reported . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we demonstrate that both peroxisome proliferator activated receptor binding protein ( PBP ) and steroid receptor coactivator 1 ( SRC 1 ) are required for ligand dependent transcription of transiently transfected and chromosomally integrated reporter genes by the estrogen receptor ( ER ) and retinoic acid receptor ( RAR ) . ^^^ The ER ligand binding domain , unlike RAR , also exhibited some basal interaction with coactivators in unstimulated cells that was abolished by the receptor antagonists tamoxifen or ICI 182 , 780 . ^^^ These findings suggest that ligand dependent transcriptional activities of the RAR and ER require concurrent or sequential recruitment of SRC 1 and PBP containing coactivator complexes . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| PNRC was also found to interact with the ligand binding domains of all the nuclear receptors tested including estrogen receptor ( ER ) , androgen receptor ( AR ) , glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , progesterone receptor ( PR ) , thyroid hormone receptor ( TR ) , retinoic acid receptor ( RAR ) , and retinoid 10 receptor ( RXR ) in a ligand dependent manner . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , in vitro data also suggest that Amphi COUP TF acts as a negative regulator of signalling by other nuclear receptors such as RAR , TR or ER . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : Whereas rejection was reported to be the most common cause of renal allograft rupture ( RAR ) in the pre cyclosporin era , renal vein thrombosis ( RVT ) is purported to be the main cause of RAR in patients taking cyclosporin . ^^^ In the pre cyclosporin era RAR was associated with acute rejection in five out of seven cases as compared with only three of the seven on cyclosporin treatment . ^^^ Acute rejection still represents the most frequent cause of RAR in the cyclosporin era . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These results demonstrate that ER status is an important , although not essential factor for breast cancer cell response to carotenoid and retinoid treatments , and the mode of action of all t RA in MCF 7 and Hs578T cells is not through the induction of RAR . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| SHP ( short heterodimer partner ) is an orphan nuclear receptor lacking a DNA binding domain that interacts with nuclear receptors ( NR ) including thyroid receptor ( TR ) , retinoic acid receptors ( RAR and RXR ) , and estrogen receptors alpha and beta ( ERalpha and ERbeta ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A draft risk assessment report ( RAR ) for 1 , 3 butadiene has been produced by the UK under the European Union ' s Existing Substances Regulation ( ESR ) . ^^^ In line with the requirements of ESR , the RAR presents an evaluation of the hazards and risks of butadiene to human health ( for workers , consumers and the general public ) and to the environment . ^^^ In relation to the human health elements of the ESR RAR for butadiene , the risk assessment involves a comparison of health effects against exposures in the three population sectors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Tat binding protein 1 did not augment the transactivation function of the RAR , RXR , PPARgamma , or ER . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effects of these drugs ( alone and in combination ) on the expression of the tumor suppressor gene , retinoic acid receptor ( RAR beta ) and of the estrogen receptor alpha gene ( ER alpha ) , whose expression is lost in the cell line used in the study , were also investigated . ^^^ Total RNA was extracted from the treated cells and RT PCR was used to determine the effect of the treatment on the expression of RAR beta and ER alpha . ^^^ The combination of the two drugs was synergistic with respect to MDA MB 231 cell kill . 5 AZA CdR alone weakly activated the expression of both RAR beta and ER alpha . ^^^ TSA alone only activated RAR beta , but not ER alpha . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The clonogenic growth of breast cancer cell lines was inhibited by a ligand for PPARgamma ( troglitazone , TGZ ) combined with a ligand for either retinoid 10 receptor ( RXR ) ( LG 10069 ) ( 4 / 8 cell lines ) , RAR ( ATRA ) ( 5 / 8 cell lines ) or RAR / RXR and RXR / RXR ( 9 cis RA ) ( 5 / 8 cell lines ) independent of their expression of bcl 2 , bag 1 , ERalpha , and p 53 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We evaluated methylation at p 16 , p 14 , and human Mut L homologue ( hMLH 1 ) by methylation specific PCR ( MSP ) , and at cyclooxygenase 2 ( COX 2 ) , O ( 6 ) methyl guanine methyltransferase ( MGMT ) , estrogen receptor ( ER ) , retinoic acid receptor beta 2 ( RAR beta ) , and T type calcium channel ( CACNA1G ) genes , and methylated in tumor 1 ( MINT 1 ) , MINT 2 , MINT 25 , MINT 27 , and MINT 31 loci by combined bisulfite restriction analysis ( COBRA ) ; mutation of K ras , p 53 , p 16 , and p 14 genes by sequencing ; loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 9p ; and microsatellite instability ( MSI ) . ^^^ RESULTS : Duodenal carcinomas were methylated more frequently or had increased methylation densities than biliary carcinomas at p 14 ( P = 0 . 04 ) , hMLH 1 ( P = 0 . 04 ) , MGMT ( P = 0 . 01 ) , MINT 1 ( P = 0 . 01 ) , MINT 25 ( P = 0 . 01 ) , MINT 27 ( P = 0 . 001 ) , RAR beta ( P = 0 . 03 ) , and ER ( P = 0 . 001 ) , and than ampullary carcinomas at RAR beta ( P = 0 . 02 ) and ER ( P = 0 . 03 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Methylation was assessed by PCR after digestion with methylation sensitive enzymes for the ER gene and with methylation specific PCR for retinoic acid receptor ( RAR ) beta and p 16 genes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Transcriptional cross talk exists between the estrogen receptor ( ERalpha ) and retinoic acid receptor ( RAR ) pathways in human breast cancer cells . ^^^ In this study , we generated cell lines stably expressing ERalpha deletion mutants to elucidate the mechanism whereby ERalpha modulates RAR transcriptional activity . ^^^ The effect of ERalpha is specific for RAR mediated transcription and does not occur on promoters containing typical response elements for the Vitamin D or thyroid hormone receptors . ^^^ Moreover , the cross talk between ERalpha and RAR does not seem to be mediated by sequestration of a number of common co regulators , suggesting a novel mechanism whereby the N terminal region of ERalpha modulates the transcriptional activity of RAR . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The amino acid sequence of the VDR shows a significant homology with other members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily , including receptors for glucocorticoids ( GR ) , oestrogen ( ER ) , androgen ( AR ) , progesteron ( PR ) , thyroid hormone ( T3R ) , retinoic acid ( RAR ) , retinoid 10 ( RXR ) and over 150 orphan receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Transient overexpression of PDCD 4 in T 47D ( ER+ , RAR+ ) and MDA MB 231 ( ER , RAR ) cells resulted in apoptotic death , suggesting a role for PDCD 4 in mediating apoptosis in breast cancer cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Transactivation studies were performed with stable RARalpha , beta , or gamma reporter cell lines in which the RAR DNA binding domain ( DBD ) was replaced by that of estrogen receptor alpha ( ERalpha ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Other more recently tested targets include retinoid receptors ( RAR and RXR ) , glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) , estrogen receptors ( ER ) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors ( PPAR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Beta catenin responds in an equally dynamic manner with other NRs , including the retinoic acid ( RA ) receptor ( RAR ) , vitamin D receptor ( VDR ) , glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , progesterone receptor , thyroid receptor ( TR ) , estrogen receptor ( ER ) , and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ( PPAR ) . ^^^ This review will focus on the cross regulation of AR and Wnt / beta catenin / Tcf but will also consider the dynamic manner in which RAR / RXR , GR , TR , VDR , ER , and PPAR modulate canonical Wnt signaling . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Estrogen and retinoic acid receptors ( ER and RAR ) also require coactivator proteins for their ligand dependent functions . ^^^ CONCLUSION : The present study proposes a new mechanism by which ER and RAR regulate BRCA 1 mediated DNA repair by means of CBP . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| PSU 1 interacts in a ligand dependent manner with the LBD of several NRs , including retinoic acid ( RARalpha ) , retinoid 10 ( RXRalpha ) , thyroid hormone ( TRalpha ) , vitamin D 3 ( VDR ) and oestrogen ( ERalpha ) receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In tissue culture colony assays , 1 , 25 ( OH ) 2D3 and ATRA were synergistic in inhibiting the clonogenicity of MCF 7 and T 47D cells that expressed estrogen receptor ; vitamin D receptor ; retinoic acid receptors ( RARs ) alpha , beta , and gamma ; and retinoid 10 receptors alpha , beta , and gamma but were not additive in MDA MB 231 cells that lacked expression of estrogen receptor , RARalpha , and RARbeta . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| PRIP also binds to PPARalpha , RARalpha , RXRalpha , ER , and TRbeta 1 , and this binding is increased in the presence of specific ligands . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : Twenty four cases of BPH and 139 cases of primary prostatic carcinoma were evaluated for RARalpha expression in correlation with androgen ( AR ) , estrogen ( ER ) and progesterone ( PGR ) receptor staining , as well as with tumor grade . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Loss of growth response to retinoic acid did not involve loss of receptors , ER as measured by steroid binding assay or RARalpha as measured by Northern blotting . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A significant correlation was also detected between RARalpha ( r= 0 . 413 , p = 0 . 019 ) or RXRalpha ( r = 0 . 429 , p = 0 . 014 ) LI , and estrogen receptor ( ER ) LI . ^^^ In T 47D breast cancer cells , which express RARalpha , RXRalpha and ER , 17beta HSD reductive activity increased 1 . 76 fold ( p < 0 . 001 ) , five days following treatment with 10 nM retinoic acid . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In cells derived from XP D patients , we observed a reduction of the ligand dependent transactivation mediated by several nuclear receptors ( RARalpha , ERalpha , and AR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cell line specific regulation of androgen receptor , estrogen receptor alpha ( ERalpha ) , RARalpha , RARgamma and VDR expression was observed after estradiol treatment . ^^^ Likewise , differences in the regulation of ERalpha , RARalpha and VDR expression after R 5020 treatment were observed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The fusion oncoprotein PML RARalpha induces endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) associated degradation of N CoR and ER stress . ^^^ Here we report that PML RARalpha induces the N CoR accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) , leading to the induction of ER stress and the processing of activating transcription factor 6 ( ATF 6 ) , the unfolded protein response . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that expression of retinoid receptors ( RARalpha , RARbeta , RARgamma ) , rexinoid receptors ( RXRalpha , RXRbeta ) , thyroid hormone receptors ( TRalpha , TRbeta ) , estrogen receptors ( ERalpha , ERbeta ) , nuclear receptor coregulators ( N CoR , SRC 1 , SMRT ) , and in addition type 1 iodothyronine 5 ' deiodinase ( 5 ' DI ) , EGFR and erb B2 / neu would be different in mammary postlactating tissue in comparison with that of nonlactating mammary gland . ^^^ Using RT PCR , we have shown that expression of RARalpha , RXRalpha , TRalpha , ERalpha , ERbeta , N CoR , SRC 1 , SMRT and EGFR in rat was significantly increased in postlactating mammary gland when compared to that of nonlactating mammary tissue . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P10276 and P03372 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|