| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The safener induced maize ( Zea mays L . ) glutathione S transferase , GST 2 ( EC 2 . 5 . 1 . 18 ) and another predominant isoform , GST 1 , were purified from extracts of maize roots treated with the safeners R 25788 ( N , N diallyl 2 dichloroacetamide ) or R 29148 ( 3 dichloroacetyl 2 , 2 , 5 trimethyl 1 , 3 oxazolidone ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Because fluctuations in GSTA 1 1 transcripts were not observed , it was concluded that the increased expression of the alpha class must be attributed to increases in GSTA 2 2 transcripts . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In incubations with 0 . 2 mM thiotepa , 1 mM GSH , and 40 microM GST , both GST A 1 1 and P 1 1 enhanced the formation of the monoglutathionyl conjugate 30 35 fold above the nonenzymatic formation , while GST A 2 2 and M1a 1a did not catalyze the rate of formation of this conjugate . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have characterized the busulfan conjugating activity of purified human liver GSTA 1 1 , GSTA 1 2 , GSTA 2 2 , GSTM 1 1 , and placental GSTP 1 1 . ^^^ In addition , the busulfan conjugating activity of cDNA expressed GTH 1 and GTH 2 , corresponding to GSTA 1 1 and GSTA 2 2 , were characterized . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the present study , the role of the major human GSTs in the conjugation of PGA 2 and PGJ 2 with GSH was investigated with purified enzymes , i . e . , the Alpha class enzymes GST A 1 1 and GST A 2 2 , the Mu class enzyme GST M1a 1a , and the Pi class enzyme GST P 1 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The specific activities are in the order : GST A 1 1 > GST T 1 1 > GST M 1 1 > GST A 2 2 > GST A 4 4 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : Both total class alpha glutathione S transferase ( GST alpha , composed of GSTA 1 1 , GSTA 1 2 , and GSTA 2 2 ) as well as GSTA 1 1 concentrations were measured by specific and sensitive ELISA in liver cytosols of 35 organ donors and in plasma samples of 350 healthy controls . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunotitration studies using antibodies specific to the alpha class GSTs , GSTA 1 1 , GSTA 2 2 , and GSTA 3 3 , indicate that these GST isozymes account for approximately half of the glutathione peroxidase activity toward phospholipid hydroperoxides present in the 28 , 000g supernatant fractions of rat and mouse liver extracts . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In teleosts two gonadotropins ( GtHs ) are produced : GtH 1 which stimulates steroidogenesis and incorporation of vitellogenin into the oocytes and GtH 2 , which stimulates steroidogenesis in the last stage of maturation and ovulation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Concentrations of brain salmon gonadotropin releasing hormone ( sGnRH ) , plasma gonadotropin 1 ( GTH 1 ) , and pituitary GTH 1 and GTH 2 were determined in yearling chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tschawytscha ) during the parr smolt transformation in two successive seasons . ^^^ During 1989 , pituitary GTH 1 concentrations were 50 to 70 fold higher than that of GTH 2 , and increased , though not significantly , from February through April . ^^^ Although GTH 2 was detected in the pituitary by RIA , it is likely that the measurable levels are due to GTH 1 cross reaction in the GTH 2 RIA . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In order to relate the in vivo BIU pharmacokinetics to the activity of glutathione S transferase ( GST ) isoenzymes , the GSH conjugation of BIU enantiomers was studied with human liver and intestinal cytosolic fractions as well as purified human class alpha ( GSTA 1 1 , GSTA 2 2 ) , mu ( GSTM1a 1a ) and pi ( GSTP 1 1 ) GST isoenzymes . ^^^ Stereoselective preference for GSH conjugation of S BIU was also observed for GSTA 2 2 and GSTM1a 1a , whereas GSTA 1 1 was not selective for either of the BIU enantiomers . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Antisera to the beta subunits of two recently isolated coho salmon gonadotropins , GTH 1 and GTH 2 , failed to bind the gonadotrops strongly or differentially in the three sciaenid species . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A two receptor model for salmon gonadotropins ( GTH 1 and GTH 2 ) . ^^^ The possible existence of distinct receptors for salmon gonadotropins ( GTH 1 and GTH 2 ) and the distribution of the receptor ( s ) were studied through examination of the binding of coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kistuch ) GTH 1 and GTH 2 to membranes from thecal layers and granulosa cells of salmon ovaries . ^^^ Binding of 125I GTH 1 to membranes from thecal layers , granulosa cells , and whole ovaries , and binding of 125I GTH 2 to thecal layer cell membranes could be inhibited by both GTHs , but GTH 1 was more potent than GTH 2 . ^^^ In contrast , GTH 2 was more potent than GTH 1 in inhibiting 125I GTH 2 binding to membranes from granulosa cells and whole ovaries , but the inhibition curves were not parallel . ^^^ Based on these results , a two receptor model for the postvitellogenic / preovulatory salmon ovary is proposed with the following features : 1 ) there are two types of gonadotropin receptors in the salmon ovary , type 1 and type 2 ; 2 ) the type 1 receptor binds both GTHs , but with higher affinity for GTH 1 , whereas the type 2 receptor is highly specific for GTH 2 and may have only limited interaction with GTH 1 ; and 3 ) the type 1 receptor is present in both thecal cells and granulosa cells , whereas the type 2 receptor is present in granulosa cells . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Eight clones were eventually identified as cDNAs encoding two distinct beta subunits of F . heteroclitus , GTH 1 and GTH 2 . ^^^ By comparison with known GTH sequences , putative signal sequences of 19 end 21 amino acids and mature beta subunits of 95 and 115 amino acids were found for GTH 1 and GTH 2 , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two gonadotropins , GtH 1 and GtH 2 , were extracted with 35 % ethanol 10 % ammonium acetate , pH 6 . 1 , from female common carp pituitary glands and purified by ion exchange chromatography on a DE 52 column followed by gel filtration on a Sephadex G 75 column . ^^^ Molecular weights of GtH 1 and GtH 2 as determined by SDS PAGE were 45 , 000 and 35 , 000 , respectively . ^^^ These subunits contain different N terminal amino acids ( Tyr and Gly for GtH 1 ; Tyr and Ser for GtH 2 ) . ^^^ GtH 1 was acid stable and did not dissociate into subunits following treatment with 0 . 1 % trifluoroacetic acid ; GtH 2 readily dissociated into subunits by this treatment . ^^^ GtH 1 and GtH 2 have distinct elution profiles on reverse phase HPLC . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Isolation and characterization of two coho salmon gonadotropins , GTH 1 and GTH 2 . ^^^ Two gonadotropins , GTH 1 and GTH 2 , were isolated from pituitaries of spawning coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) using sequential extractions with ammonium acetate ( pH 9 . 0 ) and 40 % ethanol , precipitation with 80 % ethanol , gel filtration chromatography ( Sephadex G 100 ) , anion exchange chromatography ( Mono Q Sepharose ) , and gel filtration chromatography ( Sephadex G 75 ) . ^^^ Coho salmon GTH 1 and GTH 2 stimulated steroidogenesis in vitro in a similar dose dependent manner when incubated with either ovaries or testes of prepubertal coho salmon . ^^^ An in vivo bioassay using coho salmon parr demonstrated that coho salmon GTH 1 and GTH 2 did not contain thyrotropic activity . ^^^ Molecular weights were estimated by gel filtration chromatography to be 43 , 000 and 39 , 000 for GTH 1 and GTH 2 , respectively . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The resulting 116 amino acid apopeptide had well conserved cysteine positions and a putative N linked glycosylation site ; homology was 70 80 % with GTH 2 from other fish , 45 % with LH from mammals and birds , 38 % with mammalian FSH and only 35 % with fish GTH 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Distinct cellular distributions of two gonadotropins , GTH 1 and GTH 2 . ^^^ Using antisera specific for the beta subunits of two distinct coho salmon gonadotropins , GTH 1 and GTH 2 , an immunocytochemical study of rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon pituitaries was done . ^^^ Neither the GTH 1 producing nor the GTH 2 producing cells stained with antisera against chum salmon growth hormone or the beta subunit of human thyroid stimulating hormone . ^^^ Moreover , GTH 1 and GTH 2 were localized in distinctly different cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ontogeny of GTH 1 and GTH 2 cells in the rainbow trout ( Salmo gairdneri irideus ) . ^^^ Immunocytochemistry of rainbow trout pituitary gonadotrophs ( GTH 1 and GTH 2 producing cells ) during gametogenesis was investigated . ^^^ GTH 1 and GTH 2 were found in distinctly different cells in all stages of reproductive development that were examined . ^^^ GTH 2 appeared in addition to GTH 1 coincident with the onset of vitellogenesis and spermatogenesis . ^^^ Both GTH 1 and GTH 2 cells were found in trout at the time of final reproductive maturation , although the number of GTH 2 cells was greater than that of GTH 1 cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The complete amino acid sequences of alpha subunits of chum salmon ( Oncorhynchus keta ) gonadotropins ( GTHs ) , GTH 1 and GTH 2 , were determined . ^^^ Two alpha subunits , 1 alpha 1 and 1 alpha 2 , were obtained from GTH 1 , whereas only one alpha subunit was obtained from GTH 2 . ^^^ Sequence analysis revealed that GTH 1 alpha 2 is identical to GTH 2 alpha , but distinct from GTH 1 alpha 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The relationship between the B 1 and B 2 subunits and the cloned GTH 1 and GTH 2 cDNA sequences [ Rhoads , Zarlengo & Tu ( 1987 ) Biochem . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both GTH 1 beta and GTH 2 beta were treated with neuraminidase , and then reduced and carboxymethylated . ^^^ The presence of an N linked glycosylation consensus sequence ( Asn 10 Thr ) in both GTH 1 beta and GTH 2 beta is also proved . ^^^ GTH 1 beta has only a 31 % sequence identity with GTH 2 beta and less than 40 % with human LH beta and FSH beta , and differed from these beta subunits in the disulfide alignments . ^^^ Thus , the elucidation of the complete amino acid sequences for GTH 1 beta and GTH 2 beta firmly establishes that the chum salmon pituitary gland secretes two chemically distinct molecules homologous to LH and FSH of the tetrapods . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effects of salmon gonadotropins , GTH 1 and GTH 2 , on production of two major steroid hormones in female salmonid reproduction , estradiol 17 beta and 17 alpha , 20 beta dihydroxy 4 pregnen 3 one ( 17 alpha , 20 beta diOHprog ) were compared using amago salmon ( Oncorhynchus rhodurus ) intact ovarian follicles in vitro . ^^^ In postvitellogenic follicles , GTH 2 appeared to be more effective in stimulating 17 alpha , 20 beta diOHprog production than GTH 1 . ^^^ GTH 2 was also found to be more potent than GTH 1 in stimulating 17 alpha OHprog production by thecal layers and 17 alpha , 20 beta diOHprog production by granulosa layers in the presence of 17 alpha OHprog . ^^^ Thus , GTH 2 appears to differ from GTH 1 showing a reproductively high specificity for 17 alpha , 20 beta diOHprog production during oocyte maturation . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Development of salmon GTH 1 and GTH 2 radioimmunoassays . ^^^ Radioimmunoassays ( RIAs ) for the measurement of two gonadotropins , GTH 1 and GTH 2 , in the plasma and pituitary of salmonid fish were developed using a rabbit antiserum to beta subunits of chum salmon GTH 1 and GTH 2 . ^^^ Intact GTH 1 and GTH 2 were used as standards and radioactive competitors . ^^^ The displacement curves for plasma of salmonids including chum salmon , amago salmon , and rainbow trout were parallel to chum salmon GTH 1 and GTH 2 standards . ^^^ However , cross reactivities of GTH 1 in the GTH 2 RIA and GTH 2 in the GTH 1 RIA were 10 and 12 % , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two distinct gonadotropins , GTH 1 and GTH 2 , were extracted with 35 % ethanol 10 % ammonium acetate , pH 6 . 1 , from female chum salmon pituitary glands , and purified by ion exchange chromatography on DE 52 and CM Sephadex C 25 by stepwise elution , and gel filtration on Sephadex G 75 . ^^^ Molecular weights were estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be 50 , 000 and 36 , 000 for GTH 1 and GTH 2 , respectively . ^^^ Both gonadotropins are glycoproteins composed of two distinct subunits with N terminal amino acid residues of Tyr / Gly for GTH 1 , and Tyr / Ser for GTH 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We show that functional human GSH S transferases 1 1 and 2 2 are synthesized from lambda gt 11 cDNA clones lambda GTH 1 and lambda GTH 2 in phage lysates of E . coli Y 1090 , in lysogens of E . coli Y 1089 , and from the plasmid expression constructs in pKK 223 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Oral MT application markedly increased pituitary GTH 2 beta , but not GTH 1 beta , contents in both sexes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunoreactive ( ir ) lamprey ( l ) , mammalian ( m ) , chicken 2 ( chII ) , and salmon ( s ) gonadotropin releasing hormone ( GnRH ) and ir coho salmon beta gonadotropins 1 and 2 ( GTH 1 and GTH 2 ) have been localized in the brain and pituitary gland of Xiphophorus maculatus , the platyfish , at various stages of development from birth to sexual maturity . ^^^ Ir GTH 1 was found in the pituitary gland at all stages examined ; ir GTH 2 was found only in animals in the pubertal and mature stages . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The tGTH 1 beta and tGTH 2 beta consisted of 102 and 115 amino acid residues , respectively , and showed 35 % sequence identity . tGTH 1 beta is structurally more similar to salmon GTH 1 beta than to salmon GTH 2 beta , whereas tGTH 2 beta is more similar to salmon GTH 2 beta . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The nucleotide sequence of GTH 1 beta cDNA was 469 bp long , encoding 137 amino acids , and GTH 2 beta cDNA was 476 bp long , encoding 142 amino acids . ^^^ The evolutionary interval between masu and chum salmon was estimated to be 5 . 65 and 1 . 43 million years by comparing GTH 1 beta and GTH 2 beta respectively . ^^^ Therefore , the GTH 1 beta gene may have diverged at a faster rate than the GTH 2 beta gene . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two distinct gonadotropins , GTH 1 and GTH 2 , isolated from female chum salmon pituitary glands , were separated into subunits by acid treatment and subsequent fractionation on reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography . ^^^ GTH 2 was completely dissociated in 0 . 1 % trifluoroacetic acid , while GTH 1 was partially dissociated . ^^^ Both GTH 1 and GTH 2 consist of two dissimilar subunits . ^^^ The other subunit ( beta ) has a Mr of 17K and an N terminal residue of Gly for GTH 1 , whereas GTH 2 beta is 18K and has an N terminal residue of Ser , after reduction . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Maturation associated changes in the response of the salmon testis to the steroidogenic actions of gonadotropins ( GTH 1 and GTH 2 ) in vitro . ^^^ Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that salmon gonadotropins GTH 1 and GTH 2 have similar effects on testicular steroidogenesis in vitro . ^^^ To determine whether the relative potencies of GTH 1 and GTH 2 changed during late stages of spermatogenesis , the effects of GTH 1 and GTH 2 on in vitro steroid production by testicular tissue from fish in stages 4 to 5 of spermatogenesis were examined . ^^^ Fragments of testicular tissue were incubated with GTH 1 and GTH 2 for 18 h at 15 degrees C . ^^^ GTH 1 and GTH 2 were equipotent in stimulating the production of 11 KT , T , and 17 , 20 beta P ( 17OH P was not detectable ) by testicular tissue in stage 4 of spermatogenesis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In precocious males , pituitary contents of sGnRH , GTH 1 beta , and GTH 2 beta increased faster under short photoperiod than under long photoperiod , and spermiation was observed in August . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Receptors for two salmon gonadotropins , GTH 1 and GTH 2 , were localized by use of in vitro ligand autoradiography of coho salmon gonads at various stages of sexual maturation . ^^^ The present study also suggests the functional homology of salmon GTH 1 and GTH 2 to mammalian FSH and LH , respectively , during gonadal development . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Antibodies generated against the beta subunits of coho salmon gonadotropins ( GTH 1 and GTH 2 ) , the beta subunit of human thyroid stimulating hormone ( TSH ) , chum salmon prolactin ( PRL ) , chum salmon growth hormone ( GH ) , and synthetic alpha MSH were used as immunocytochemical probes . ^^^ These observations suggest that GTH 1 , but not GTH 2 , may regulate initial gonadal growth and development in the embryonic and larval rainbow trout . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Regulation of testicular steroid production in vitro by gonadotropins ( GTH 1 and GTH 2 ) and cyclic AMP in coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) . ^^^ The ability of coho salmon gonadotropins GTH 1 and GTH 2 to stimulate testicular production of 11 ketotestosterone ( 11 KT ) and 17 alpha , 20 beta dihydroxy 4 pregnen 3 one ( 17 , 20 beta P ) in vitro , as well as the involvement of cyclic AMP ( cAMP ) as a mediator of the actions of GTH 1 and GTH 2 , were investigated in maturing male coho salmon . ^^^ Both GTH 1 and GTH 2 stimulated the in vitro production of 11 KT and 17 , 20 beta P in a concentration and time dependent manner . ^^^ In testicular tissue at stage 4 of spermatogenesis , GTH 1 and GTH 2 stimulated the in vitro production of steroids with similar potency . ^^^ The steroidogenic activity of GTH 1 and GTH 2 appeared to be mediated , at least in part , by cAMP as indicated by the ability of dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin to mimic the steroidogenic actions of GTHs , and the similar ability of GTH 1 and GTH 2 to increase intracellular cAMP levels in the testicular tissue . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Validation of radioimmunoassays for two salmon gonadotropins ( GTH 1 and GTH 2 ) and their plasma concentrations throughout the reproductivecycle in male and female rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) . ^^^ RIAs were developed for the two salmon gonadotropins ( GTH 1 and GTH 2 ) and used to measure plasma GTH throughout the life of the rainbow trout , Oncorhynchus mykiss . ^^^ The RIA for GTH 2 was specific and sensitive ( < 0 . 001 % cross reaction with GTH 1 , mean sensitivity = 0 . 26 + / 0 . 02 ng / ml ) . ^^^ The RIA for GTH 1 was less specific and less sensitive than the GTH 2 RIA ( 9 . 7 % cross reaction with GTH 2 , mean sensitivity = 2 . 34 + / 0 . 23 ng / ml ) . ^^^ In both sexes , plasma profiles of GTH 1 differed from those of GTH 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These cells were alcian blue and PAS positive , and reacted with anti croaker GTH and anti coho GTH 1 and GTH 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The nucleotide sequence of GTH 1 beta cDNA was 616 bp long , encoding 130 amino acids , and that of GTH 2 beta was 552 bp long , encoding 140 amino acids . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two gonadotropins , GTH 1 and GTH 2 , were isolated and chemically characterized from the pituitary of Mediterranean yellowtail . ^^^ The molecular weights were estimated at 47 kDa for GTH 1 and 29 kDa for GTH 2 by SDS PAGE and at 49 kDa for GTH 1 and 42 kDa for GTH 2 by gel filtration . ^^^ GTH 2 was completely dissociated , while GTH 1 was partially dissociated into alpha and beta subunits by treatment with 0 . 1 % trifluoroacetic acid . ^^^ The complete amino acid sequences of GTH alpha , GTH 1 beta , and GTH 2 beta subunits were determined . ^^^ The GTH 1 beta and GTH 2 beta consisted of 105 and 115 amino acid residues , respectively , and had a 28 % sequence identity to each other . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In teleosts , ovarian steroidogenesis is under the control of two gonadotropic hormones , GTH 1 and GTH 2 , that are structurally and functionally homologous to FSH and LH . ^^^ The intracellular mechanisms by which GTH 1 and GTH 2 stimulate steroidogenesis in the teleost ovary are not well understood . ^^^ The purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement of the cAMP / protein kinase A ( PKA ) and protein kinase C ( PKC ) / Ca2+ signaling pathways in the steroidogenic actions of GTH 1 and GTH 2 in the ovary of the brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis ) . ^^^ The cAMP / PKA pathway mediated the actions of GTH 1 before germinal vesicle breakdown ( preGVBD ) and GTH 2 after GVBD and before ovulation ( preOV ) . ^^^ Experimental increases in intracellular cAMP concentration mimicked the steroidogenic effects of GTH 1 and GTH 2 , and an antagonistic analog of cAMP partially blocked them . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Preliminary evidence suggesting variations of GtH 1 and GtH 2 mRNA levels at different stages of gonadal development in rainbow trout , Oncorhynchus mykiss . ^^^ In males and females , beta GtH 1 predominates in early stages of gonadal development ( spermatogonia A and previtellogenesis ) , beta GtH 2 being weakly expressed . ^^^ Both beta GtH 1 and beta GtH 2 are expressed during prespermiation , spermiation , and the periovulatory period with a predominance of beta GtH 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| GTH 1 was present in the proximal pars distalis at all dates ( 48 126 dpf ) , whereas GTH 2 was not detectable . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Anti chum salmon GTH 1 and anti chum salmon GTH 2 immunostained the same cells in the outermost part of the ADH at the level of the PPD and the PI . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Use of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography and dye ligand chromatography for the separation and purification of rainbow trout pituitary gonadotropins , GTH 1 and GTH 2 . ^^^ The procedure utilizes immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography ( IMAC ) on a column containing immobilized iminodiacetic acid ( Toyopearl AF Chelate ) charged with Cu2+ ions as a critical step for the efficient separation of GTH 1 and GTH 2 . ^^^ N Terminal sequences of the GTH 1 and GTH 2 subunits purified using reversed phase HPLC revealed a high level of homology with those of GTH subunits found in three other salmonid fish species . ^^^ The cross reactivity between GTH 1 and GTH 2 was studied in radioimmunoassay using antibodies against Chinook salmon GTH 2 beta subunit and rainbow trout GTH 1 dimer . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Studies of both salmon and trout have indicated that the levels of gonadotropins , GTH 1 and GTH 2 , in the pituitary and peripheral circulation vary during the reproductive cycle . ^^^ To evaluate the possible feedback relationship between the gonads and pituitary GTH secretion , we studied the effects of bilateral gonadectomy on plasma levels of GTH 1 and GTH 2 in coho salmon , Oncorhynchus kisutch . ^^^ These experiments demonstrate that the gonads exert negative feedback effects on secretion of both GTH 1 and GTH 2 , but the effect varies seasonally and the nature of the specific factor ( s ) from the gonads that inhibits and / or stimulates GTH production and secretion remains to be clarified . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cross reactivities of GTH 1 , GTH 2 , GTH 1 beta and GTH 2 beta subunits , alpha subunit , growth hormone , prolactin , and somatolactin were less than 1 % . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The two gonadotrophin ( GTH ) molecules released from the fish anterior pituitary , GTH 1 and GTH 2 , are structurally similar to tetrapod FSH and LH , respectively . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Effects of steroids on GTH 1 and GTH 2 secretion and pituitary concentration in the immature rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss . ^^^ Using specific radio immunoassays for rainbow trout GTH 1 and GTH 2 , the effects of testosterone and estradiol 17 beta have been studied or reinvestigated on the regulation of the secretion and the synthesis of the these two pituitary gonadotropins in the immature rainbow trout . ^^^ The secretion of both GTH 1 and GTH 2 is stimulated by testosterone but not by estradiol 17 beta . ^^^ Altogether , these results show that in the immature rainbow trout , testosterone preferentially modifies GTH 1 secretion , but not that of GTH 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Release of pituitary gonadotrophins GtH 1 and GtH 2 in the rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) : modulation by estradiol and catecholamines . ^^^ A treatment of E 2 implanted immature or vitellogenic fish with the dopamine antagonist pimozide also increased blood GtH 2 levels , but did not significantly change blood GtH 1 levels . ^^^ These data demonstrate that release of GtH 2 , but not of GtH 1 , depends on an E 2 activated DA inhibitory tone . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The aim of the present study was to clarify the role of feedback control on the ( brain ) pituitary gonadal axis in regulating FSH ( gonadotropic hormone , GTH 1 ) and LH ( GTH 2 ) in natural maturation in salmonids . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunocytochemical identification of two distinct gonadotropic cells ( GTH 1 and GTH 2 ) in the pituitary of bluefin tuna , Thunnus thynnus . ^^^ Immunocytochemical identification of GTH 1 and GTH 2 cells in the pituitary of the bluefin tuna ( Thunnus thynnus ) was performed using antisera specific for the common alpha subunit and the two distinct beta subunits of tuna ( Thunnus obesus ) GTH 1 and GTH 2 . ^^^ These results suggest that GTH 1 and GTH 2 are synthesized in separate cells in the pituitary of the bluefin tuna . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : Gonadotropins GTH 1 and GTH 2 from the pituitary of Mediterranean ( M . ) yellowtail ( Seriola dumerilii ) were isolated and characterized , and antisera to the whole GTH 2 molecule ( anti My alpha , betaGTH 2 ) and to its beta subunit ( anti My betaGTH 2 ) were obtained . ^^^ At the light microscopic level , anti My alpha , betaGTH 2 reacted with My betaGTH 2 immunoreactive cells ( GTH 2 cells ) , thyroid stimulating hormone ( TSH ) cells , and a third cell population , which could have been GTH 1 cells . ^^^ GTH 2 and putative GTH 1 producing cells were distinguishable from one another and from TSH cells by their different reactions to anti My alpha , betaGTH 2 , anti My betaGTH 2 , and anti My alpha , betaGTH 2 preabsorbed with the My alphaGTH subunit . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Our results indicated that : both the alpha and beta subunits of the family diverged from a common ancestral gene about 927 million years ago , the initial precursor of the beta subunit duplicated to give rise to the LH beta and a second hormone , the latter then duplicating to FSH beta and TSH beta , so that FSH beta is related more to TSH beta than to LH beta ; and bony fish GTH 1 beta is highly related to mammalian FSH beta , whereas the bony fish GTH 2 beta is more related to mammalian LH beta . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunological cross reactivity between rainbow trout GTH 1 and GTH 2 and their alpha and beta subunits : application to the development of specific radioimmunoassays . ^^^ Immunological cross reactivities between rainbow trout GTH 1 and GTH 2 and their alpha and beta have been studied using highly purified rainbow trout gonadotropins and subunits and antibodies raised against beta subunits . ^^^ From these observations radioimmunoassays have been developed for rainbow trout GTH 1 and GTH 2 . ^^^ There was a lack of specificity of GTH 1 RIA ( 44 % cross reactivity with GTH 2 , when using labelled native GTH 1 ) . ^^^ Labelling native GTH 1 resulted in conformational change in molecular weight and dissociation of the hormone into subunits , whereas iodination did not induce GTH 2 dissociation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These results provide a definitive proof of the presence of two types of GTHs ( GTH 1 and GTH 2 ) in Japanese eel , as has been shown in other teleosts . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| GTH 1 and GTH 2 secretion profiles during the reproductive cycle in female rainbow trout : relationship with pituitary responsiveness to GnRH A stimulation . ^^^ The recent purification of two gonadotropins , GTH 1 and GTH 2 , in teleost fish and the development of their specific radioimmunoassays using antibodies directed against their beta subunits have demonstrated that earlier assays for GTH 2 also measured GTH 1 . ^^^ The present investigation examines changes in blood plasma levels of GTH 1 and GTH 2 during the annual reproductive cycle of rainbow trout in relation to the ability of gonadotropin releasing hormone ( GnRH ) to stimulate in vivo GTH 1 and GTH 2 secretion , with focus on the periovulatory period . ^^^ This evaluation of GTH 2 was preceded by a progressive and significant rise GTH 1 levels starting from 5 . 83 + / 2 . 17 ng / ml 8 days before maturation and increasing to more than 10 ng / ml on the day of maturation . ^^^ In the fish which kept their eggs in the body cavity the progress was reversed ; 8 days after maturation , GTH 2 increased to levels similar to those measured prior to maturation ; the presence of the eggs prevented an increase in GTH 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The most frequent arrangements of the cervicothoracic ganglia noted in the fetuses investigated were : [ GCca + GTh 1 + GTh 2 ] on the left side of the body , and [ GCca + ( GTh 1 + GTh 2 ) ] on the right . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| GTH 2 but not GTH 1 induces final maturation and the development of maturational competence of oocytes of red seabream in vitro . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In teleosts , it is considered that two types of GTH , GTH 1 ( follicle stimulating hormone like GTH ) and GTH 2 ( luteinizing hormone like GTH ) , are produced in the pituitary , and their molecules are comprised of common alpha and distinct beta subunits . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Finally , we show that a large majority of the GTH 1 ( FSH like ) and GTH 2 ( LH like ) cells of the pituitary exhibit rtGR immunoreactivity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the pituitary of previtellogenic females and immature males , GTH 1 beta peptide contents were 80 to 500 fold higher than GTH 2 beta peptide contents . ^^^ GTH 1 contents rose regularly during the initial phases of vitellogenesis and spermatogenesis and then more abruptly in the final stages of gonadal maturation , while GTH 2 contents show a dramatic elevation during final oocyte growth and maturation , in postovulated females , and during spermiogenesis and spermiation in males . ^^^ Our data revealed that patterns of relative abundance of GTH Ibeta mRNA and pituitary and plasma GTH 1 were similar , but not the GTH 2 patterns , suggesting differential regulation between these two hormones at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To study whether gonadal feedback on gonadotropic hormones , GTH 1 and GTH 2 , is involved in the control of maturation , previously mature Atlantic salmon male parr were either sham operated or castrated in spring . ^^^ In autumn , sham operated males separated into two groups : nonrematuring males with low pituitary and plasma levels of both GTH 1 and GTH 2 , and those rematuring with high levels of gonadotropins . ^^^ Castrated males had low GTH 1 and GTH 2 plasma and pituitary levels , similar to those of the nonrematuring fish , suggesting positive feedback mechanisms , separating the sham operated fish into low and high GTH level groups . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Pituitary and plasma gonadotropins ( GTH 1 and GTH 2 ) were studied using radioimmunoassay . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Involvement of gamma aminobutyric acid in the control of GTH 1 and GTH 2 secretion in male and female rainbow trout . ^^^ The potential role of the neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) in the control of the secretion of the two pituitary fish gonadotropins ( GTH 1 and GTH 2 ) was investigated in male and female rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) . ^^^ In spermiating males , in vivo treatment with GABA did not affect basal gonadotropin release , but stimulated GTH 1 release when coadministered with a gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue ( GnRHa ) , and potentiated GnRHa stimulated GTH 2 release . ^^^ In vitro , using dispersed pituitary cells , GABA stimulated basal GTH 1 and GTH 2 secretion , in a dose dependent manner , and potentiated salmon GnRH effect on both hormones . ^^^ Immature fish were unresponsive to GABA / GnRHa treatments but , after steroid implantation [ testosterone ( T ) or estradiol ] for 13 days , injection of GABA stimulated GTH 2 release in vivo ( also GTH 1 slightly in T implanted fish ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The short term effect of insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) on GTH 1 ( FSH like ) , GTH 2 ( LH like ) , and GH production by cultured rainbow trout pituitary cells was studied in immature fish of both sexes , at early gametogenesis and in spermiating and periovulatory animals . ^^^ IGF 1 had no effect on basal GTH 1 and GTH 2 release , whereas it always inhibited basal GH , showing decreasing intensity with the gonad maturation . ^^^ In absence of IGF 1 , GTH 1 and GTH 2 cells were always responsive to GnRH , whereas no response was observed for GH cells whatever the sexual stage . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the adult teleostean adenohypophysis , seven or eight types of secretory cells have been distinguished , each of which produce different hormones : prolactin ( PRL ) , growth hormone ( GH ) , thyroid stimulating hormone ( TSH ) , gonadotropic hormones ( GTH 1 and GTH 2 ) , adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH ) , melanophore stimulating hormone ( MSH ) and somatolactin ( SL ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The beta subunits of the two gonadotropins ( GTH 1 and GTH 2 ) and of the thyroid stimulating hormone ( TSH ) of a chondrostean fish , Acipenser baeri , were cloned . ^^^ In each case , three monophylogenetic lineages , TSH , GTH 1 FSH , and GTH 2 LH were clearly identified . ^^^ The present study demonstrates that GTH 1 and GTH 2 are the actinopterygian homologues of tetrapod FSH and LH , respectively . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Post ovulatory secretion of pituitary gonadotropins GtH 1 and GtH 2 in the rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) : regulation by steroids and possible role of non steroidal gonadal factors . ^^^ In order to determine the factors of ovarian origin which can modulate the postovulatory secretion of the FSH like gonadotropin ( GtH 1 ) and the LH like gonadotropin ( GtH 2 ) , freshly ovulated female rainbow trout were divided into two groups . ^^^ The profiles of GtH 2 secretion were opposite to those encountered for GtH 1 because the increase of GtH 2 was observed only in unstripped fish . ^^^ The administration of steroids showed that testosterone is able to inhibit GtH 1 release and stimulate that of GtH 2 in stripped fish , having no effect on the release of these gonadotropins in non stripped animals . 17beta Estradiol failed to modify GtH 1 secretion , however it decreased the release of GtH 2 in fish containing retained eggs in the body cavity . 17 , 20betaP had a delayed stimulating influence on GtH 1 release in unstripped fish . ^^^ Finally , multiple injections of desteroidized ovarian fluid into stripped fish led to a significant decrease of GtH 1 release and to an increase of GtH 2 secretion . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have cloned two cDNAs from the pituitary gland of blue gourami ( Trichogaster trichopterus ) , coding for the beta subunits of the gonadotropin hormones GtH 1 and GtH 2 . ^^^ The beta GtH 1 subunits of blue gourami and striped bass shared 73 % of their residues , and the beta GtH 2 subunits 84 % . ^^^ The cloning of the cDNAs of beta GtH 1 and beta GtH 2 has enabled us to measure the expression of their respective mRNAs in the pituitaries of female blue gourami at different stages of the reproductive cycle . ^^^ The highest levels of beta GtH 1 and beta GtH 2 mRNA were found in specimens classified as high vitellogenic and in females that were at the final stages of oocyte maturation . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It is well documented that the pituitary in teleosts produces two gonadotropins , namely gonadotropin 1 ( GTH 1 ) and gonadotropin 2 ( GTH 2 ) , which may regulate different phases of the reproductive cycle . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , to elucidate the role of GTH 1 and GTH 2 in reproduction , we cloned the alpha glycoprotein subunit ( alphaGSU ) and gonadotropin beta subunits ( Ibeta and IIbeta ) of red seabream using the 5 ' and 3 ' RACE methods and used these cDNA probes to reveal changes in mRNA levels of each subunit during sexual maturation of both male and female red seabream . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We examined the effects of photoperiod on pituitary levels of two types of gonadotropin ( GTH ) , GTH 1 and GTH 2 , in masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou to study their mechanism of synthesis . ^^^ In Experiment 2 , GTH 1 contents did not change remarkably in all the groups , while GTH 2 contents were remarkably increased by testosterone treatment regardless of photoperiodic treatment . ^^^ These results indicate that the synthesis of GTH 1 and GTH 2 are differently regulated by photoperiod and testosterone in masu salmon . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Each antibody also recognizes a different subset of pituitary cells in the central ( GtH 1 ) and peripheral ( GtH 2 ) proximal pars distalis , regions that display the typical tinctorial properties of gonadotrops . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunocytochemical identification of GtH 1 and GtH 2 cells during the temperature sensitive period for sex determination in pejerrey , Odontesthes bonariensis . ^^^ The ontogeny of gonadotropin 1 ( GtH 1 ) and 2 ( GtH 2 ) cells and its possible link to gonadal sex differentiation were studied in pejerrey , Odontesthes bonariensis , by immunocytochemistry using anti chum salmon beta GtH 1 and beta GtH 2 antisera . ^^^ In adults , GtH 1 cells were found in the proximalis pars distalls ( PPD ) close to the neurohypophysis , whereas GtH 2 cells were identified surrounding GtH 1 cells , at the external layer of the PPD and in the pars intermedia . ^^^ These results strongly suggest that GtH 1 and GtH 2 are expressed by different cells . ^^^ The fact that GtH 1 and GtH 2 cells appear just before histological gonadal differentiation at all temperatures , together with the peak of GtH 1 and GtH 2 cell number during the temperature sensitive period , suggests that GtHs are related to sex differentiation or TSD in O . bonariensis . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Intact bioactive GtH 1 and GtH 2 were obtained through gel filtration , anion exchange chromatography , and hydrophobic chromatography . ^^^ Both GtH 1 and GtH 2 dissociated into subunits under acidic conditions . ^^^ Nominal MW of each subunit was estimated from SDS PAGE as 23 , 000 for GtH alpha from GtH 1 , 22 , 000 for GtH alpha from GtH 2 , 18 , 000 for GtH Ibeta , and 21 , 000 for GtH IIbeta . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To evaluate pituitary effects and develop new potential biomarkers for xenoestrogens , the influences of NP and 17beta estradiol ( E 2 ) on the mRNA levels of pituitary gonadotropic hormone ( GTH ) beta subunits [ leutinizing hormone beta ( LH beta or GTH 2 beta ) and follicle stimulating hormone beta ( FSH beta or GTH 1 beta ) ] , prolactin ( PRL ) , growth hormone ( GH ) and the pituitary specific transcription factor ( Pit 1 ) were investigated in individual male and female juvenile Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) , 3 days after a single intraperitoneal ( i . p . ) injection . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two distinct types of gonadotrophs , FSH ( GtH 1 ) cells and LH ( GtH 2 ) cells , were immunocytochemically identified from mummichog ( Fundulus heteroclitus ; Cyprinodontiformes , Acanthopterygii ) pituitary using antisera raised against synthetic fragment peptides of FSHbeta and LHbeta . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We also found that the toad FSH beta subunit is more similar to the fish GTH 2 beta subunit than to the fish GTH 1 beta subunit and that the toad TSH beta subunit is more similar to tetrapod TSH beta subunits than to fish TSH beta subunits . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Chromosomal assignments of genes for rat glutathione S transferase Ya ( GSTA 1 ) and Yc subunits ( GSTA 2 ) . ^^^ Chromosomal assignments of genes for rat glutathione S transferase Ya ( GSTA 1 ) and Yc subunits ( GSTA 2 ) were performed by Southern blot analyses of somatic cell hybrid DNAs . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although the human GSTA 1 and GSTA 2 genes have the same number of exons and introns as their rat and mouse counterparts , the sequences of the 5 ' flanking regions of the human alpha class genes are significantly different from the rodents , suggesting different mechanisms of regulation between human and rodents . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| GSTP 1 , GSTM1a , GSTA 1 and GSTA 2 were present in control Hep G 2 cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have isolated the 5 ' flanking regions of two human Alpha class glutathione S transferase genes , GSTA 1 and GSTA 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A cluster of three glutathione S transferase genes , designated GSTA , GSTA 1 and GSTA 2 , was isolated from the marine flatfish , plaice ( Pleuronectes platessa ) . ^^^ GSTA and GSTA 1 mRNAs were present in a range of tissues , while GSTA 2 mRNA was no detected . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Acetylation of N terminal residues in the GSTA 1 , GSTA 2 , GSTM 3 and GSTM 4 subunits were the only natural post translational modifications detected . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Peak 1 of gel filtration showing the receptor activity was further purified by affinity chromatography on purified salmon GTH 2 Sepharose with a remarkable increase in specific binding capacity from 250fmol / mg protein ( gel filtration peak ) to 2300pmol / mg protein for salmon GTH 1 ligand and 2800pmol / mg protein for GTH 2 ligand . ^^^ The former preferably binds to GTH 1 ligand , while the latter to GTH 2 , although both demonstrated overlapping recognition to both the ligands . ^^^ Competitive binding inhibition studies indicate GTH 1 and ovine FSH a better ligand for GTHR 1 , while GTH 2 and ovine LH were preferable ligands for GTHR 2 . ^^^ GTHR 1 GTH 1 was a prevailing complex during preparatory and pre spawning stages , while GTHR 2 GTH 2 was the dominant one at the maturational and final maturational stages . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In liver , lead injection caused GSH depletion ( 61 % of control 12 h after lead treatment ) and increased MDA production ( 2 . 5 fold increase 6 h after lead exposure ) , while GSTA 1 , GSTA 2 , GSTM 1 and GSTM 2 did not increase . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| High expression of bovine alpha glutathione S transferase ( GSTA 1 , GSTA 2 ) subunits is mainly associated with steroidogenically active cells and regulated by gonadotropins in bovine ovarian follicles . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Screening of the Alpha class glutathione transferases ( GSTs ) in the EST database identified 10 putative polymorphisms in the coding region of the GSTA 1 and GSTA 2 genes , six of which were subsequently verified by sequence analysis . ^^^ Polymerase chain reaction / restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed the existence of three variants , a silent base substitution , K125K ( G365A ) in GSTA 1 , and T112S and E210A in GSTA 2 , in European Australian , African and Chinese populations . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| GSTA ( GSTA 1 + GSTA 2 ) concentrations were moderate as compared with GSTP 1 , whereas GSTM 1 was present in only low amounts . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Effect of polymorphism in the human glutathione S transferase A 1 promoter on hepatic GSTA 1 and GSTA 2 expression . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Loss of the Nrf 2 transcription factor causes a marked reduction in constitutive and inducible expression of the glutathione S transferase Gsta 1 , Gsta 2 , Gstm 1 , Gstm 2 , Gstm 3 and Gstm 4 genes in the livers of male and female mice . ^^^ Among the class Alpha and class Mu transferases , constitutive expression of Gsta 1 , Gsta 2 , Gstm 1 , Gstm 2 , Gstm 3 , Gstm 4 and Gstm 6 subunits was reduced in the livers of Nrf 2 mutant mice to between 3 % and 60 % of that observed in WT mice . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| GSTP 1 , GSTA 1 , and GSTA 2 were major components , and GSTM 1 and GSTM 3 were minor components . ^^^ GSTA 1 and GSTA 2 were expressed at high levels in duodenum and small intestine and expression decreased from proximal to distal small intestine . ^^^ In contrast , GSTA 1 and GSTA 2 expression in colon and stomach of all subjects was low , particularly for colon where GSTA 1 expression was 20 to 800 fold lower than that in corresponding small intestine . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Variability of expression of the major glutathione S transferases ( GSTs ) of liver , GSTA 1 and GSTA 2 , is thought to affect the efficiency of detoxification of xenobiotics , including chemical carcinogens . ^^^ Polymorphism of the GSTA 1 regulatory sequence determines some of the variation of hepatic GSTA 1 expression , but the polymorphisms in GSTA 2 ( exons 5 and 7 ) were not thought to affect GSTA 2 activity . ^^^ Nevertheless , the rare genotypes , GSTA2 * E / * E and GSTA1 * B / * B + GSTA2 * C / * C ( potential low GSTA 2 activity and low hepatic GSTA 1 and GSTA 2 expression , respectively ) could increase the risk of adverse effects of xenobiotics via compromised efficiency of detoxification . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Four genes ( GSTA 1 , GSTA 2 , GSTM 4 and GSTT 2 ) showed activity differences greater than 1 . 5 fold between haplotypes , and a fifth gene ( MGST 1 ) showed a 1 . 4 fold difference . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We show here that the target of this repression is a 14 bp element common to the human GSTA 1 and GSTA 2 promoters . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two distinct cDNAs corresponding to GSTA 1 and GSTA 2 genes encoding glutathione S transferases ( GSTs ) from the hepatopancreas of red sea bream , Pagrus major were cloned and sequenced . ^^^ A comparison of the nucleotide sequences of GSTA 1 and GSTA 2 revealed 98 % identity and their derived amino acid sequences had 96 % similarity . ^^^ Genomic DNA cloning showed that both GSTA 1 and GSTA 2 genes consisted of six exons and five introns . ^^^ In a comparison of genomic DNAs , the structures of GSTA 1 and GSTA 2 differed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The expression levels of the UGTs , UGT1A1 , UGT1A6 and UGT2B1 , were also higher in the female extra lenticular tissues but the expression of the GSTA subfamily ( GSTA 1 and GSTA 2 ) was very weak in the ocular tissues of both genders . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The genes that contain a functional ARE include those encoding GSTA 1 , GSTA 2 , NAD ( P ) H : quinone reductase , and gamma glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy and light subunits that play a role in defense against oxidative stress . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We show that IL 1beta decreases CAR expression and decreases phenobarbital or bilirubin mediated induction of CYP2B6 , CYP2C9 , CYP3A4 , UGT1A1 , GSTA 1 , GSTA 2 , and SLC21A6 messenger RNA . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P09210 and P08263 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A tendency for correlation ( 0 . 05 < p < 0 . 1 ) was observed for GSTA 1 , GSTA 2 , GSTP 1 and MGST 1 . ^^^ |
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