Pubmed abstracts for Protein-Protein Interaction search result :

Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :1.0350959
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) has recently been shown to signal by binding to GDNF receptor alpha ( GDNFR alpha ) , after which the GDNF GDNFR alpha associates with and activates the tyrosine kinase receptor Ret . 1.0350959^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :1.1269283
Experimental implication of celiac ganglionotropic invasion of pancreatic cancer cells bearing c ret proto oncogene with reference to glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) . 1.1269283^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.77987727
Thus the product of the c ret proto oncogene encodes a functional receptor for GDNF that may mediate its neurotrophic effects on motor and dopaminergic neurons . . 0.77987727^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.71911124
Our results indicate that GDNF can serve as a genuine ligand for Ret . 0.71911124^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.89562077
In vitro binding experiments with soluble forms of RET , RETL 1 and RETL 2 demonstrate that while RETL 1 binds GDNF tightly to form a membrane associated complex which can then interact with RET , RETL 2 only forms a high affinity complex with GDNF in the presence of RET . 0.89562077^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.83211296
GDNF preferentially binds to GFRalpha 1 which then interacts with the receptor tyrosine kinase RET . 0.83211296^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.70434544
These data confirm the importance of protein protein interactions between Ret and raft associated proteins in the signaling pathways elicited by GDNF , and the data implicate Src as one of the major signaling molecules involved in GDNF mediated bioactivity . . 0.70434544^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.53996011
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) family receptor alpha 1 ( GFRalpha 1 ) is a receptor component of GDNF that associates with and activates the tyrosine kinase receptor Ret . 0.53996011^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.67932782
We found that Ret was rapidly ubiquitinated and degraded in sympathetic neurons when activated with GDNF , but , unlike other RTKs that are trafficked to lysosomes for degradation , Ret was degraded predominantly by the proteasome . 0.67932782^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor signals through the RET receptor and activates mitogen activated protein kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor activates the receptor tyrosine kinase RET and promotes kidney morphogenesis . ^^^ This report demonstrates that the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) activates RET , as measured by tyrosine phosphorylation of the intracellular catalytic domain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Germline mutations in glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and RET in a Hirschsprung disease patient . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , the Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) has been identified to be a ligand for RET . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate this role , we examined the gene for glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , the circulating ligand of the RET receptor complex , for mutations in a panel of sporadic and familial HSCR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutation analysis of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , a ligand for the RET / GDNF receptor alpha complex , in sporadic phaeochromocytomas . ^^^ Recent data have suggested that glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) is a ligand for RET and acts via a heterotetrameric receptor complex that includes GDNF receptor alpha , which provides ligand binding capabilities , and RET , which provides the signaling component . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND & AIMS : Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) signals through the product of the ret proto oncogene , which is known to be mutated in Hirschsprung ' s disease and other conditions with gut dysmotility . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The RET proto oncogene product is a receptor tyrosine kinase representing the signal transducing molecule of a multisubunit surface receptor complex for the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , in which a novel glycosyl phosphatidylinositol ( PI ) linked protein ( termed GDNFR alpha ) acts as the ligand binding component . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Complementary and overlapping expression of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , c ret proto oncogene , and GDNF receptor alpha indicates multiple mechanisms of trophic actions in the adult rat CNS . ^^^ Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , the most potent trophic factor yet described for both dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra and spinal motorneurons , has recently been shown to signal through a multireceptor complex composed of a novel glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored GDNF receptor alpha ( GDNFR alpha ) and the receptor tyrosine kinase product of the c ret proto oncogene ( RET ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RET encodes a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase expressed in neural crest lineages and whose ligand , glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor , has been very recently identified . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) has been recently identified as a natural ligand for RET . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Four susceptibility genes have recently been identified in HSCR , namely the RET proto oncogene , the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , the endothelin B receptor ( EDNRB ) and the endothelin 3 genes ( EDN 3 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The receptor for glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) consists of GFRalpha 1 and Ret . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A more detailed function in kidney development has been postulated for transcription factors such as WT 1 , Pax 2 or other molecules such as glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , Wnt 4 , c ret . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( Gdnf ) and its alpha receptor ( Gfra 1 ) interact with the Ret receptor triggering its tyrosine kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Not only were there remarkable similarities in the distribution of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor and the proto oncogene ret in the developing rat and mouse brain , but also in the phenotype of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor knockout mice and mice with ret mutations . ^^^ Mice with either mutation exhibited pronounced renal and enteric abnormalities , implicating the receptor tyrosine kinase protein product of the ret proto oncogene as the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor signalling protein . ^^^ More conclusive evidence showing that activation of GDNFR alpha by glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor induces phosphorylation of ret has confirmed ret as a signalling protein for glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor . ^^^ Preliminary results showing that 6 hydroxydopamine lesions of the substantia nigra markedly reduced ret messenger RNA expression , established its localization to presumably glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor responsive dopamine neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway . ^^^ In contrast , it is not clear whether other glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor responsive neurons in the CNS , such as the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and striatal neurons , also express ret , nor is it evident whether levels of the protein are regulated by disruption of the respective pathways . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The c ret protooncogene encodes Ret , the functional tyrosine kinase receptor for glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutation analysis of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor , a ligand for an RET / coreceptor complex , in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 and sporadic neuroendocrine tumors . ^^^ Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and its receptor molecule GDNFR alpha , have recently been identified as members of the RET ligand binding complex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We analyzed the intracellular signalling pathway through Ret activated by glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , multiple endocrine neoplasia ( MEN ) 2A and 2B mutations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Knockout mice for RET and for its ligand , glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , exhibit both complete intestinal aganglionosis and renal defects . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , mutations have been found in the gene encoding the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor , the ligand for Ret , but these may only have a modifier effect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RET activation may be mediated by a ligand complex comprising glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and GDNF family receptor alpha 1 ( GFR alpha 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , a powerful trophic factor for developing , and injured adult motor neurons , has recently been shown to mediate its physiological effects via a multi component receptor system comprising the GDNFR alpha binding protein and the c ret receptor tyrosine kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The messenger RNAs for both glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor receptors , c ret and GDNFRalpha , are induced in the rat brain in response to kainate induced excitation . ^^^ Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) has two receptors , receptor tyrosine kinase c ret and glycosylphosphatidylinositol linked cell surface receptor GDNFRalpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND / PURPOSE : In 1996 , the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) was identified as one of the ligands of the RET transmembrane receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Localization of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha and c ret mRNA in rat central nervous system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three susceptibility genes have been identified in Hirschsprung ' s disease , namely the RET proto oncogene , the Glial cell line Derived Neurotrophic Factor and the endothelin B receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The proto oncogene Ret , a membrane associated receptor protein tyrosine kinase , has recently been shown to be a component of the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) receptor complex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) mediates signaling across the cell membrane by interaction with the RET GDNFR alpha receptor complex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor / neurturin induced differentiation and its enhancement by retinoic acid in primary human neuroblastomas expressing c Ret , GFR alpha 1 , and GFR alpha 2 . ^^^ Recently , glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and a second family member , neurturin ( NTN ) , have been found to mediate their signals by binding to a heterotetrameric complex of c Ret tyrosine kinase receptors and glycosylphosphatidylinositol linked proteins , GFR alpha 1 ( GDNFR alpha ) or GFR alpha 2 ( TrnR2 / GDNFR beta / NTNR alpha / RETL2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The RET proto oncogene encodes a functional receptor tyrosine kinase ( Ret ) for the Glial cell line Derived Neurotrophic Factor ( GDNF ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor differentially stimulates ret mutants associated with the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndromes and Hirschsprung ' s disease . ^^^ Recently , it has been shown that glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , by binding to the accessory molecule GDNFR alpha , acts as a functional ligand of Ret and stimulates its tyrosine kinase and biological activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The RET gene encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor for molecules belonging to the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) family . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Natural and induced mutagenesis in mammals has shown that the tyrosine kinase receptor RET and its functional ligand glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) play key roles in the development of the ENS in humans and mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Studies using null mutant mice have indicated that the ret receptor and its ligand , glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , are crucial for initiation of development of the metanephric kidney . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Considering that RET and glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) mutations have been reported in the disease , we regarded the other RET ligand , neurturin ( NTN ) , as an attractive candidate gene , especially as it shares large homologies with GDNF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recent expansion of molecular genetics identified multiple susceptibility genes of HD , including the RET gene , the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor gene , the endothelin B receptor gene , and endothelin 3 gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HD mutations have been mapped to a number of genes , i . e . , RET proto oncogene , at 10q11 . 2 ; the recessive EDNRB gene , located at 13q22 ; its ligand endothelin 3 ( EDN 3 ) ; and the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) in humans . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recent studies have shown that mutations in endothelin B receptor ( EDNRB ) , endothelin 3 , RET , glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) genes are responsible for the occurrence of congenital aganglionosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) signals through a receptor complex composed of the Ret tyrosine kinase and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol ( GPI ) anchored cell surface coreceptor , either GDNF family receptor alpha 1 ( GFR alpha 1 ) or GFR alpha 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Four different genes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung disease : the RET tyrosine kinase receptor gene ; one of its ligands , the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) gene ; the endothelin receptor B ( EDNRB ) gene ; and its ligand , endothelin 3 ( EDN 3 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND / PURPOSE : Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) is a ligand for the receptor complex of GDNF family receptor alphas ( GFRalphas ) and Ret receptor tyrosine kinase , the product of a known Hirschsprung ' s disease gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By using RT PCR , we studied the expression of the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , its cell surface receptor alpha ( GDNFR alpha ) , and the receptor tyrosine kinase c ret , known to play a major role in renal organogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The steady state mRNA levels of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , GDNFR alpha and RET were examined in various human peripheral neuropathies to determine the relationship with myelinated fiber pathology , and T cell and macrophage invasions in the diseased nerves . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mice that carry null alleles for RET or for its ligand , glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , both exhibit complete intestinal aganglionosis and renal defects . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No enteric neurons or glia develop in the gut below the rostral foregut in mice lacking glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) or Ret . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) ligands ( GDNF , Neurturin [ NTN ] , and Persephin [ PSP ] ) signal through a multicomponent receptor system composed of a high affinity binding component ( GFRalpha 1 GFRalpha4 ) and a common signaling component ( RET ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Levels of mRNA for neurotrophins ( brain derived neurotrophic factor , BDNF ; neurotrophin 3 , NT 3 ; neurotrophin 4 , NT 4 ) and their receptors ( trkA , trkB , trkC ) and for glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and its receptors ( ret , GDNFR alpha ) were measured in rat thyroid tissue by ribonuclease protection assays . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ret proto oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase whose ligands belong to the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) protein family . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ret is the receptor for glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and neurturin ( NTN ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and a related protein , neurturin ( NTN ) , require a GPI linked coreceptor , either GFR alpha 1 or GFR alpha 2 , for signaling via the transmembrane Ret tyrosine kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To test the involvement of c Src in Ret mediated signaling , we measured the levels of c Src activity in NIH3T3 cells coexpressing Ret and the accessory GFR alpha 1 receptor or an epidermal growth factor receptor / Ret chimeric receptor when the cells were stimulated by glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor or epidermal growth factor , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inactivating mutations of the RET proto oncogene and of one of its soluble ligand molecules , glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , have been found in a subset of patients with Hirschsprung disease ( HSCR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) signals through a unique receptor system that includes Ret receptor tyrosine kinase and a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol linked cell surface protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and neurturin ( NTN ) mediate their actions through a unique multicomponent receptor system composed of Ret receptor tyrosine kinase and glycosyl phosphatidylinositol linked cell surface proteins ( designated GFRalpha 1 and GFRalpha 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The RET gene product represents the signal transducing molecule of a surface receptor complex for the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , which includes GDNFR alpha as a ligand binding component . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RET is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase ( RTK ) superfamily , which can transduce signalling by glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and neurturin ( NTN ) in cultured cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using in situ hybridization , the expression of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , neurturin ( NTN ) , persephin ( PSP ) , GFRalpha 1 , GFRalpha 2 , GFRalpha 3 and RET mRNA in human fetal spinal cord was studied . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In an attempt to elucidate whether glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) receptors are induced after ischemic brain injury , possible expression of immunoreactive GDNF receptor alpha 1 ( GFRalpha 1 ) and c ret ( RET ) was examined at 3 , 8 , or 24 h after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAO ) in rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Discordant expression of c Ret and glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha 1 mRNAs in response to motor nerve injury in neonate rats . ^^^ Following hypoglossal nerve axotomy in neonate rat , Glial cell line Derived Neurotrophic Factor ( GDNF ) receptor alpha 1 ( GFRalpha 1 ) mRNA expression was dramatically suppressed in the injured motoneurons , while a slight increase of c Ret mRNA expression was observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ret dependent and independent mechanisms of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor signaling in neuronal cells . ^^^ Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) has been shown to signal through a multicomponent receptor complex consisting of the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase and a member of the GFRalpha family of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Infrequent detectable somatic mutations of the RET and glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) genes in human pituitary adenomas . ^^^ RET is activated by a ligand complex comprising glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and GDNF receptor alpha ( GDNFR alpha ) . ^^^ Mutations of the RET proto oncogene and the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) gene were examined in human pituitary tumors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Double staining experiments indicated that many neurons co expressed the receptors for glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor and brain derived neurotrophic factor , c RET and TrkB , suggesting that they are responsive to both brain derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The second , associated with mutations in genes encoding glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , its preferred receptor GFRalpha 1 , or their signaling component , Ret , appears to deprive a GDNF dependent common progenitor of adequate support and / or mitogenic drive . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We compared the intracellular signalling pathways through Ret tyrosine kinase activated by glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , multiple endocrine neoplasia ( MEN ) 2A , or MEN 2B mutation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The RET gene codes for a transmembrane tyrosine kinase which is a subunit of a multimeric complex that acts as a receptor for four structurally related molecules : the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , neurturin , artemin and persephin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using in situ hybridization histochemistry , we characterized the spatiotemporal gene expression patterns of leukemia inhibitory factor ( LIF ) and glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , and their receptor components ( LIFR , GFR alpha 1 , RET ) induced in muscle cells , intramuscular nerves , and motoneurons in the regeneration processes of both muscle cells and nerves following muscle contusion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The formation of the enteric nervous system ( ENS ) from neural crest derived cell precursors requires the growth factor glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and the receptors Ret and GDNF family receptor alpha 1 ( GFRalpha 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the normal subjects , positive immunoreactivity of the growth factor neurotrophin 4 and acidic fibroblast growth factor ( aFGF ) was observed in facial motor neurons , as was positive immunoreactivity against ret , the receptor shared by glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor and neurturin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated ligand receptor interactions in the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) receptor complex , formed by the c Ret receptor tyrosine kinase and the glycosylphosphatidylinositol ( GPI ) anchored subunit GDNF family receptor alpha 1 ( GFRalpha 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Co localization of the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor and its functional receptor c RET in a subpopulation of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons . ^^^ Co localization of the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and its functional receptor c RET was examined immunohistochemically in the dorsal root ganglion ( DRG ) of the 5th lumbar nerve in rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recent studies have identified a multi component receptor system for the neurotrophic factor , glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and its homolog , neurturin ( NTN ) , comprising the signaling tyrosine kinase , Ret and multiple GPI linked binding proteins , GDNF family receptor alpha 1 and alpha 2 ( GFRalpha 1 and GFRalpha 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PURPOSE : The aim of this study was to investigate GDNF ( glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ) protein expression and RNA expression level of the RET proto oncogene in human aganglionic ( AG ) bowel in Hirschsprung ' s disease ( HD ) and to further understand the pathophysiology of HD . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Constitutive loss of Ret , its co receptor gfralpha 1 , or the ligand glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor results in renal agenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Induction of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor and c ret porto oncogene like immunoreactivity in rabbit spinal cord after transient ischemia . ^^^ Using this model , the inductions of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and the c ret porto oncogene ( RET ) receptor tyrosine kinase were investigated with immunohistochemical analyses for up to 7 days of the reperfusion following 15 min of ischemia in rabbit spinal cord . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have cloned a partial cDNA of chicken glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and systematically examined its expression pattern as well as that of GDNF binding components ( GDNF family receptor alpha 1 and 2 : GFRalpha 1 and 2 ) and a common signal transduction receptor ( c ret protooncogene : RET ) during very early developmental stages . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Functional mapping of receptor specificity domains of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) family ligands and production of GFRalpha 1 RET specific agonists . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this paper , we show that mice with a null mutation of the GFRalpha 1 gene manifest epithelial mesenchymal interaction deficits in kidney and severe disturbances of intestinal tract development similar to those seen with glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor or Ret null mutations . ^^^ This is in contrast to the deficits reported in these neuronal populations in glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor and Ret null mutations . ^^^ Taken together with previous data on glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor and Ret , our results strongly suggest that GFRalpha 1 is the essential GFRalpha receptor for signaling in the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor Ret pathway in the kidney and enteric nervous system development , and that GFRalpha 2 or GFRalpha 3 can not substitute for the absence of GFRalpha 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RET transduces a signal following activation by ligands of the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) family of neurotrophins which currently comprises GDNF , neuturin ( NTN ) , artemin ( ART ) and persephin ( PSP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) family of ligands binds to lipid anchored proteins termed GDNF family receptor ( GFR ) alphas , and then activates the RET receptor tyrosine kinase , by ligand GFRalpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Different animal and human genetic studies have identified 6 Hirschsprung genes : RET proto oncogene ( RET ) , endothelin 3 ( EDN 3 ) , endothelin B receptor gene ( EDNRB ) , glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , endothelin converting enzyme ( ECE 1 ) , gene encoding the Sry related transcription factor SOX 10 ( SOX 10 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The RET tyrosine kinase is a functional receptor for neurotrophic ligands of the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) family . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This pro apoptotic effect of RET is inhibited in the presence of its ligand glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The RET proto oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase activated by the binding of factors from the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) family to receptor alpha components such as GDNF family receptor alpha 1 ( GFR alpha 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We used this method to examine the relationship between glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha 2 ( GFRalpha 2 ) mRNA expression and IHC localization of its co receptor Ret in the trigeminal ganglion of postnatal Day 0 mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Proximal signaling events and protein protein interactions initiated after activation of the c Ret receptor tyrosine kinase by its ligand , glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , were investigated in cells carrying native and mutated forms of this receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and neurturin ( NTN ) have been shown to function as independent ligands to RET , binding in a complex with the membrane bound receptors GFRalpha 1 and GFRalpha 2 respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Similar to glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , Neurturin has been shown to bind to a high affinity glycosylphosphatidylinositol ( GPI ) linked receptor ( GFRalpha 2 ) and induce phosphorylation of the tyrosine kinase receptor Ret , resulting in the activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) signalling pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Examples of these genes include glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , RET , PAX 2 , Wilms tumor suppressor ( WT 1 ) , and components in the renin angiotensin pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of intracellular signals via tyrosine 1062 in RET activated by glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor . ^^^ Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) signals through a multicomponent receptor complex consisting of RET receptor tyrosine kinase and a member of GDNF family receptor alpha ( GFRalpha ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because these tissues but not tumors expressed glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha ( GFR alpha ) at high levels , this suggested that GFR alpha expression may interfere in the dimerization of the RET MEN2A mutant proteins , leading to tissue specific tumor development in vivo . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Seizure activity regulates gene expression for glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and neurturin ( NRTN ) , and their receptor components , the transmembrane c Ret tyrosine kinase and the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored GDNF family receptor ( GFR ) alpha 1 and alpha 2 in limbic structures . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The influence of both acute and chronic electroconvulsive seizure ( ECS ) or antidepressant drug treatments on expression of mRNAs encoding glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and its receptors , GFRalpha 1 , GFRalpha 2 , and c Ret proto oncogene ( RET ) in the rat hippocampus was examined by in situ hybridization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , an important factor for developing and lesioned pre and postganglionic sympathetic neurons , and its congeners signal through a receptor complex consisting of the tyrosine kinase c Ret and a lipid anchored alpha receptor ( GFR alpha 1 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using bioinformatic tools , mutagenesis , and binding studies , we have investigated the structural organization of the extracellular region of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase , a functional receptor for glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ret oncoprotein is a functional receptor for the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) family and it is expressed in motor neurons , playing an important role in the motor neuron function . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and related molecules , neurturin , artemin and persephin , signal through a unique multicomponent receptor system consisting of RET tyrosine kinase and glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchored coreceptor ( GFRalpha 1 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The sensitivity of activated Cys Ret mutants to glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor is mandatory to rescue neuroectodermic cells from apoptosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The RET proto oncogene encodes a cell membrane tyrosine kinase receptor protein whose ligands belong to the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The catalytic and signaling activities of RET , a tyrosine kinase receptor for glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , are controlled by the autophosphorylation of several tyrosine residues in the RET cytoplasmic domain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Neurturin and glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor signal via the receptor tyrosine kinase , ret , but may also act independently of ret . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although mutations in the c RET receptor gene are frequently detected in patients with HSCR , mutations in the gene encoding its ligand ( glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor [ GDNF ] ) , are rarely found . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of Ret receptor tyrosine kinase after transient forebrain ischemia is modulated by glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor in rat hippocampus . ^^^ The Ret receptor tyrosine kinase is part of a functional receptor complex for the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) family . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The authors studied the relation between perineural invasion in patients with bile duct carcinoma and the expression of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , GDNF family receptor alpha 1 ( GFRalpha 1 ) , and RET receptor tyrosine kinase , which are expressed in both central and peripheral nerve tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ten to forty percent of HSCR patients carry a dominant loss of function mutation in the gene encoding the receptor tyrosine kinase RET , a receptor for glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of RET requires the secreted neurotrophin GDNF ( glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ) and its high affinity receptor , a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol linked cell surface protein GFRalpha 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we show that increased serine phosphorylation on RET receptor tyrosine kinase following cAMP elevation promotes lamellipodia formation of neuronal cells induced by glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor induces proliferative inhibition of NT2 / D1 cells through RET mediated up regulation of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p 27 ( kip 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Five germline mutations in the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) gene , one of the RET ligands , have been detected in HSCR patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study was conducted to determine whether neurotrophic factor receptors ( tyrosine kinase receptors trkA , trkB , and trkC ; low affinity neurotrophin [ NT ] receptor p 75 [ p 75 ( NTR ) ] ; glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha 1 [ GFR alpha 1 ] and GFR alpha 2 ; and Ret ) are involved in the formation of ERMs after PDR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found a high level of IL 8 production in SK N MC human primitive neuroectodermal tumor cells transfected with the human RET gene ( SK N MC ( RET ) cells ) in response to glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) stimulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Signaling of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) GFRAs receptor tyrosine kinase ( RET ) is crucial for the development and maintenance of ganglion cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus ( LC ) express the receptor tyrosine kinase c ret , which binds ligands of the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) family . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutations of the genes involved in the receptor tyrosine kinase RET ( REarranged during Transfection ) ( RET ) glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and / or endothelin 3 ( EDN 3 ) endothelin receptor B ( EDNRB ) signaling pathway have been found in some of HSCR patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overexpression of Dok 1 or Dok 1 Y361F , but not Dok 1 6F , suppressed the Ras / Erk activation induced by glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor or RET MEN2B , implying that this inhibitory effect requires the Ras GTPase activating protein binding to Dok 1 . ^^^ This suggested that the association of Nck to tyrosine 361 in Dok 1 is necessary for the JNK and c Jun activation by glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor or RET MEN2B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ret , the receptor tyrosine kinase for the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor family ligands ( GFLs ) , is alternatively spliced to yield at least two isoforms , Ret 9 and Ret 51 , which differ only in their C termini . ^^^ Surprisingly , Ret 9 and Ret 51 did not associate with each other in sympathetic neurons after glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor stimulation , even though they share identical extracellular domains . ^^^ Ret , the receptor tyrosine kinase for the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor family ligands ( GFLs ) , is alternatively spliced to yield at least two isoforms , Ret 9 and Ret 51 , which differ only in their C termini . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hippocampal neurons express glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , its receptors c Ret and the lipid anchored GDNF family receptor alpha 1 ( GFRalpha 1 ) , and the FGF receptor 1 ( FGFR 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Among 21 genes induced by RET MEN2A and / or RET MEN2B , six genes including cyclin D 1 , cathepsin B , cofilin , ring finger protein 11 ( RNF 11 ) , integrin alpha 6 , and stanniocalcin 1 ( STC 1 ) genes were also induced in TGW human neuroblastoma cells in response to glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor stimulation . ^^^ Because the STC 1 gene was found to be highly induced by both RET MEN2B and glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor stimulation , and the expression of its product was detected in medullary thyroid carcinoma with the MEN2B mutation by immunohistochemistry , this may suggest a possible role for STC 1 in the development of MEN 2B phenotype . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overexpression of Rai in neuronal cell lines promoted survival by reducing apoptosis both under conditions of limited availability of the Ret ligand glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and in the absence of Ret activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We provide evidence that activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase RET by glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) is required for the directional migration of ENS progenitors towards and within the gut wall . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , they express high levels of receptor tyrosine kinase , Ret , and GDNF family receptor alpha ( 1 ) ( GFRalpha ( 1 ) ) in vivo and in vitro and respond to glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results presented support the notion of the possible involvment of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A ( MEN2A ) tumours , and describe a useful tool for generating molecular mimetics directed towards specific mutations of the ret oncogene . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These regions house known tumor suppressor genes as well as genes encoding subunits of the multicomponent complex of glycosylphosphatidylinositol linked proteins ( glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor family receptors alpha 2 4 ) and their ligands glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor , neurturin , persephin , and artemin that facilitate RET dimerization and downstream signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) signals through multisubunit receptor complex consisting of RET tyrosine kinase and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored coreceptor called GDNF family receptor alpha 1 ( GFRalpha 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In an attempt to clarify whether glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , a survival factor for subpopulations of primary afferent neurons , is involved in the states of neuropathic pain , we observed changes in the expressions of GDNF and its signal transducing receptor Ret after nerve injury in two rat models of neuropathic pain . 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , neurturin ( NTN ) and their receptors ( GFRalpha 1 , GFRalpha 2 and Ret ) play an important role in the survival of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) is the prototypical member of a growth factor family that signals via the cognate receptors ret and GDNF receptor alpha 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we demonstrate that activation of the RET receptor by glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) increases expression of the RET receptor complex in a panel of malignant human NB cell lines , indicative of a positive feedback mechanism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One of these genes , the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) receptor Ret , was necessary for neural crest stem cell migration in the gut . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of Ret , the receptor tyrosine kinase for the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) family ligands ( GFLs ) , results in the recruitment and assembly of adaptor protein complexes that function to transduce signals downstream of the receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : The examined loci were PARK 3 , Parkin , DRD ( dopa responsive dystonia ) , FET 1 ( familial essential tremor ) , BDNF ( brain derived neurotrophic factor ) , GDNF ( glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ) , Ret , DAT 1 ( the dopamine transporter ) , Nurr 1 and Synphilin 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) activates c Ret tyrosine kinase and several downstream intracellular pathways ; the biological effects caused by the activation of each of these pathways , however , remain to be elucidated . ^^^ Mitogenic effect of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor is dependent on the activation of p70S6 kinase , but independent of the activation of ERK and up regulation of Ret in SH SY5Y cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The RET receptor tyrosine kinase is activated by binding to a ligand complex formed by a member of the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) family of neurotrophic factors bound to its cognate GDNF family receptor alpha ( GFR alpha ) glycosylphosphatidylinositol linked co receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) family coreceptor alpha 1 ( GFRalpha 1 ) is a critical component of the RET receptor kinase signal transducing complex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Ret receptor tyrosine kinase mediates physiological signals of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) family ligands ( GFLs ) and is essential for postnatal survival in mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of GDNF ( glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ) and Ret in normal human and cancerous pancreatic tissues ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A candidate for such a gene is glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha 4 ( GFRA 4 ) , which encodes a cell surface bound co receptor ( GFR alpha 4 ) required for interaction of RET with its ligand persephin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemical localization of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor Ret in the rat sweat gland . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) ligand activates the Ret receptor through the assembly of a multiprotein complex , including the GDNF family receptor alpha 1 ( GFRalpha 1 ) molecule . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RET familial medullary thyroid carcinoma mutants Y791F and S891A activate a Src / JAK / STAT3 pathway , independent of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor . ^^^ We show that these RET FMTC mutants are monomeric receptors which are autophosphorylated and activated independently of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These and other important dopaminergic genes found expressed in these cultures by RT PCR included Nurr 1 , vesicular monoamine transporter 2 ( VMAT 2 ) , TH , dopamine transporter ( DAT ) , and glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) receptors c Ret and GFRalpha 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We previously reported that tyrosine 1062 in RET receptor tyrosine kinase activated by glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) represents a binding site for the Shc Grb 2 Gab1 complex , and that the p 85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase ( PI3K ) and SHP 2 tyrosine phosphatase is associated with Gab 1 in GDNF treated cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The receptor tyrosine kinase , ret , is activated by glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor , neurturin and related ligands that bind to glycosylphosphatidylinositol tailed receptors GFRalpha 1 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) / Ret signaling is required for enteric neural crest survival , proliferation , migration and process extension , but signaling pathways that mediate enteric nervous system ( ENS ) precursor development are poorly understood . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 0 . 34 Mbp region at 5p13 . 2 contains Glial Cell Line Derived Neurotrophic Factor ( GDNF ) , which is a ligand for the RET oncogene product and is normally expressed during lung development ( but absent in adult lung tissue ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Trophic factors such as glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and neurturin sustain the dopaminergic phenotype in midbrain neurons and act through a common receptor tyrosine kinase ( RET ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we show that the addition of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) induced G2 / M cell cycle delay in human SK N MC neuroectodermal tumor cells that express RET tyrosine kinase , accompanying actin reorganization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RET is activated by binding to a ligand complex formed by a member of the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) family of neurotrophic factors bound to its cognate GFRalpha GPI linked co receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) exerts its effect through a multi component receptor system consisting of GFRalpha 1 , RET and NCAM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The immunohistochemical occurrence and localization of the receptor components of the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) family ligands , the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase and GDNF family receptor ( GFR ) alpha 1 to 3 , is described in the human post mortem hippocampal formation at pre and full term newborn , and adult age . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The RET tyrosine kinase receptor and its ligand , glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) are critical regulators of renal and neural development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor mediated RET signaling regulates spermatogonial stem cell fate . ^^^ We report that glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) signaling through the RET tyrosine kinase / GFRA1 receptor complex is required for spermatogonial self renewal in mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Differential effects of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor and neurturin in RET / GFRalpha1 expressing cells . ^^^ RET is activated by members of the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) family of ligands , which include GDNF , neurturin , artemin , and persephin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The G691S RET polymorphism increases glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor induced pancreatic cancer cell invasion by amplifying mitogen activated protein kinase signaling . ^^^ Expression of the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) receptors RET and GDNF family receptor alpha 1 ( GFRalpha 1 ) in human pancreatic cancer cells was determined by Western blot , immunofluorescence , and flow cytometry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro experiments demonstrate that the R833C mutation induces transformed foci only when present in the long 3 ' splice isoform and , in keeping with a model in which the receptor has to dimerize to be completely activated , glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor stimulation leads the RET ( R833C ) receptor to a higher level of activation . ^^^ Tyrosine kinase assays show that the RET ( R833C ) long isoform has weak intrinsic kinase activity and phosphorylation of an exogenous substrate is not elevated even in the presence of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Most unmyelinated nociceptive neurons that mediate pain and temperature sensation from the skin bind isolectin B 4 ( IB 4 ) lectin and express Ret , the common signaling component of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) family . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor family receptor ( GFRalpha ) 4 , the binding receptor for persephin , is coexpressed with the signaling Ret receptor tyrosine kinase predominantly in thyroid calcitonin producing C cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RET receptor signalling is essential for glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) induced survival and differentiation of various neurons such as mesencephalic neurons . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we implicate glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and its receptor , Ret , in the same guidance decision . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Comparison between normal RET signaling activated by the RET ligand glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and abnormal RET signaling caused by various mutations has led to a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Four different ligand receptor binding pairs of the GDNF ( glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ) family exist in mammals , and they all signal via the transmembrane RET receptor tyrosine kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Artemin , a neuronal survival factor in the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor family , binds the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored protein GFRalpha 3 and the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In mammals , the TRPV subfamily is exclusively expressed in small to medium sized primary sensory neurons that also co express some chemical markers ( i . e . isolectin B 4 ( IB 4 ) , fluoride resistant acid phosphatase ( FRAP ) , the P2X3 purinoceptor ( a receptor provoked by ATP induced nociception ) and Ret , a glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor receptor ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF induced activation of the ret protein tyrosine kinase is mediated by GDNFR alpha , a novel receptor for GDNF . ^^^ GDNFR alpha binds GDNF specifically and mediates activation of the Ret protein tyrosine kinase ( PTK ) . ^^^ Treatment of Neuro 2a cells expressing GDNFR alpha with GDNF rapidly stimulates Ret autophosphorylation . ^^^ Ret is also activated by treatment with a combination of GDNF and soluble GDNFR alpha in cells lacking GDNFR alpha , and this effect is blocked by a soluble Ret Fc fusion protein . ^^^ Ret activation by GDNF was also observed in cultured embryonic rat spinal cord motor neurons , a cell type that responds to GDNF in vivo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Second , the expression of the GDNF receptor subunit Ret is dramatically reduced , and there is a massive increase in apoptosis of ganglion cells , which are known to depend on GDNF in vivo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pax 2 and c ret expressions in the Wolffian duct and WT 1 and GDNF expressions in the metanephric blastema were initially normal in the mutant . ^^^ Subsequently , however , Pax 2 , c ret and Lim 1 expressions in the ureteric bud and GDNF expression in the mesenchyme were greatly reduced . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TrnR 2 , a novel receptor that mediates neurturin and GDNF signaling through Ret . ^^^ A receptor complex comprised of TrnR 1 ( GDNFR alpha ) and Ret was recently identified and found to be capable of mediating both GDNF and NTN signaling . ^^^ TrnR 2 is attached to the cell surface via a GPI linkage , and can mediate both NTN and GDNF signaling through Ret in vitro . ^^^ Fibroblasts expressing TrnR 2 and Ret are approximately 30 fold more sensitive to NTN than to GDNF treatment , whereas those expressing TrnR 1 and Ret respond equivalently to both factors , suggesting the TrnR 2 Ret complex acts preferentially as a receptor for NTN . ^^^ Comparative analysis of TrnR 1 , TrnR 2 , and Ret expression indicates that multiple receptor complexes , capable of mediating GDNF and NTN signaling , exist in vivo . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , a receptor complex has been identified for GDNF that includes the Ret tyrosine kinase receptor and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linked protein termed `` GDNFRalpha . ' ' However , differences in the phenotype of Ret and GDNF knockout animals suggest that Ret has at least one additional ligand . ^^^ A glycosylphosphatidylinositol linked protein also was important for NTN and GDNF signaling in SCG neurons ; phosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase C treatment of SCG cultures reduced the ability of NTN to phosphorylate Ret and the ability of NTN or GDNF to activate the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway . ^^^ NTN and GDNF also caused sustained activation of Ret and the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway in SCG neurons . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF mediates its actions through a multicomponent receptor system composed of a ligand binding glycosyl phosphatidylinositol ( GPI ) linked protein ( designated GDNFR alpha ) and the transmembrane protein tyrosine kinase Ret . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF signals through a receptor complex consisting of the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret and a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol ( GPI ) linked receptor termed GDNFR alpha . ^^^ By using microinjection to introduce expression plasmids into neurons , we show that coexpression of NTNR alpha with Ret confers a survival response to neurturin but not GDNF , and that coexpression of GDNFR alpha with Ret confers a survival response to GDNF but not neurturin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Another divergent member of the TGF beta family , GDNF , signals through Ret , a tyrosine kinase receptor ; binding to Ret requires the cooperation of GDNFR alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In situ hybridization was then used to map cellular expression of the GDNF related trophic factor neurturin ( NTN ) and GDNFR beta mRNA in developing and adult mice , and comparisons with GDNFR alpha and RET were made . ^^^ Although NTN and GDNFR beta expression patterns are sometimes complementary , this is not always the case , suggesting multiple modi operandi of GDNF and NTN in relation to RET and the two binding proteins , GDNFR alpha and GDNFR beta . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show that mRNA and protein for the GDNF receptor tyrosine kinase , Ret , are expressed in the DRG in patterns that differ markedly from those of any of the neurotrophin receptors . ^^^ Ret expressing neurons also express the glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol linked ( GPI linked ) GDNF binding component GDNFR alpha and retrogradely transport 125I GDNF , indicating the presence of a biologically active GDNF receptor complex . ^^^ In vitro , GDNF supports the survival of small neurons that express Ret and bind IB 4 while failing to support the survival of neurons expressing TrkA and CGRP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Genes involved include RET , GDNF , EDNRB and EDN 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To study the roles of GDNF in the regulation of tooth innervation and formation , we analyzed by in situ hybridization the expression patterns of GDNF and its receptors Ret , GDNF family receptor alpha 1 ( GFRalpha 1 ) , and GFRalpha 2 from the initiation of first molar formation to the completion of crown morphogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The active receptor complex for GDNF includes the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret and a novel class of glycosylphosphatidylinositol linked receptors , called GDNF family receptor alpha s . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Differential regulation of mRNAs for GDNF and its receptors Ret and GDNFR alpha after sciatic nerve lesion in the mouse . ^^^ This receptor is composed of a ligand binding subunit , called GDNF receptor alpha ( GDNFR alpha ) , and a signalling tyrosine kinase subunit , Ret . ^^^ Analysis of expression in muscle , nerve and spinal cord by RNase protection assay and in situ hydridization revealed that , in adult non lesioned mice , GDNF mRNA was expressed in the nerve and GDNFR alpha mRNA in the nerve and the spinal cord , while the expression of Ret was restricted to spinal cord motor neurons . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF and its receptor complex of c RET tyrosine kinase and a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol linked protein GDNFR alpha are of great interest due to their potential use in the therapy of Parkinson ' s and motoneuron diseases . ^^^ Similarly to GDNFR alpha , GDNFR beta mediates GDNF induced Ret autophosphorylation in transfected cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both neurturin and GDNF signal through the Ret tyrosine kinase and require a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linked coreceptor . ^^^ Mutations in Ret and GDNF cause intestinal aganglionosis and renal dysplasia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Signal transduction of GDNF is mediated by binding to a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol ( GPI ) linked receptor GDNFR alpha and activation of c RET tyrosine kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Calcium dependent Ret activation by GDNF and neurturin . ^^^ Recent studies demonstrated that GDNF and NTN use a multicomponent receptor system in which glycosyl phosphatidylinositol ( GPI ) linked cell surface proteins and Ret receptor tyrosine kinase function as the ligand binding and signalling components , respectively . ^^^ The results demonstrated that Ca2+ ions might be required for the complex formation of Ret and GDNF or NTN that induces Ret oligomerization and autophosphorylation . ^^^ These findings thus suggested that , in addition to GPI linked cell surface proteins , Ca2+ ions are components of the signal transducing complex formed by Ret and GDNF protein family . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF binds to GDNFR alpha and this complex , in turn , is believed to interact with the RET receptor tyrosine kinase to effect downstream signalling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fibroblasts transfected with Ret and one of the coreceptors GFRalpha 1 or GFRalpha 2 do not respond to persephin , suggesting that persephin utilizes additional , or different , receptor components than GDNF and NTN . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There are now 11 genes that satisfy these conditions and thus have been shown to be crucial for metanephric kidney development : WT 1 , Pax 2 , c ret , GDNF , alpha8beta1 , Wnt 4 , BF 2 , BMP 7 , PDGF B , PDGFRbeta , and alpha3beta1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Despite the similarity of GFRalpha 3 to GFRalpha 1 and GFRalpha 2 , it is unable to activate Ret in conjunction with GDNF , suggesting that there are likely additional undiscovered ligands and / or Ret like receptors to be identified . ^^^ Comparison of the expression patterns of GFRalpha 3 and Ret suggests that these molecules could form a receptor pair and interact with GDNF family members to play unique roles in development . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recent studies have shown that mutations in the RET , glial cell derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , endothelin B receptor ( EDNRB ) , endothelin 3 genes are responsible for the occurrence of aganglionosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF induced Ret autophosphorylation in NGR 38 cells was completely neutralized by G 90 , whereas B 1531 had a moderate effect . ^^^ Partial inhibition of Ret phosphorylation is insufficient to down regulate GDNF induced biological activity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we show that these neurons express the receptor components for glial derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) signaling ( RET , GFRalpha 1 , and GFRalpha 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , gene mutations associated with Hirschsprung ' s disease have been widely investigated and gene mutations of RET , glial cell line derived neutrophic factor ( GDNF ) , endothelin receptor B ( EDNRB ) and endothelin 3 ( EDN 3 ) have been identified in patients with Hirschsprung ' s disease . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF transmits its signal primarily through a receptor complex containing the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret and a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol ( GPI ) linked receptor , GDNFR alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The receptor tyrosine kinase RET is part of a functional receptor for glial cell derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and neurturin ( NTN ) which are potent neurotrophic factors for motoneurons . ^^^ The persistence of RET like immunoreactivity in the majority of large motoneurons in ALS could be important in the design of clinical trials of GDNF and NTN . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF and neurturin signal through a multicomponent receptor complex containing a signaling component ( the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase ) and either of two glycosyl phosphatidylinositol linked binding components ( GDNF family receptor alpha components 1 and 2 , GFRalpha 1 or GFRalpha 2 ) , whereas the receptor for persephin is unknown . ^^^ Fibroblasts expressing Ret and GFRalpha 3 do not respond to any of the known members of the GDNF family , suggesting that GFRalpha 3 interacts with an unknown ligand or requires a different or additional signaling protein to function . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we assessed the expression levels of neurotrophin mRNAs and GDNF mRNAs and their receptor mRNAs for p 75 , TrkA , TrkB , TrkC , GDNFR alpha and Ret in the sural nerve biopsy specimens from various human neuropathies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF and its receptor component Ret in injured human nerves and dorsal root ganglia . ^^^ We have quantified and localized GDNF and its receptor component Ret , for the first time in any species , in injured human peripheral nerves and dorsal root ganglia ( DRG ) avulsed from the spinal cord . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Multiple GPI anchored receptors control GDNF dependent and independent activation of the c Ret receptor tyrosine kinase . ^^^ The extent of cross talk between GDNF and GFR alpha receptors and its possible significance for c Ret activation is presently unclear . ^^^ In addition , GFR alpha 2 mediated crosslinking of GDNF of c Ret as well as ligand dependent stimulation of c Ret tyrosine phosphorylation . ^^^ We also describe the isolation of a novel , more divergent member of the GFR alpha family , GFR alpha 3 , which did not bind GDNF directly , but was able to mediate crosslinking of GDNF to c Ret when both receptors were coexpressed in COS cells . ^^^ Thus , all three GFR alpha receptors mediate GDNF binding to c Ret with efficiencies GFR alpha 1 > GFR alpha 2 > GFR alpha 3 . c Ret showed high levels of constitutive tyrosine autophosphorylation upon overexpression in COS cells , which was inhibited in a dose dependent manner by coexpression with any of the GFR alpha receptors , suggesting that GFR alpha s may also provide a gain control mechanism to increase the signal to noise ratio of the response to ligand . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both GDNF and neurturin signal via a two component receptor complex that consists of a ligand binding GDNF family receptor ( GFRalpha 1 or GFRalpha 2 ) and the receptor protein tyrosine kinase Ret . ^^^ Although much is known about the interaction among GDNF family factors , Ret , and the alpha receptors in vitro , it remains unclear about their interactions in vivo . ^^^ First , Ret may interact with the alpha receptors expressed in the same cells ( termed interaction `` in cis ' ' ) in many tissues and cell populations that respond to GDNF and / or neurturin , such as the substantia nigra , dorsal root ganglia , spinal cord motoneurons , kidney , and intestine . ^^^ In addition , we present evidence in vitro that GFRalpha 1 mediates Ret activation by GDNF in trans . ^^^ These observations suggest that there are multiple mechanisms regulating the interaction between Ret and the alpha receptors that mediates the effects of GDNF family trophic factors on the survival and differentiation of cells and on neuron target interactions in the nervous system . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Full activation of MEN2B mutant RET by an additional MEN2A mutation or by ligand GDNF stimulation . ^^^ Dimerization was achieved experimentally by constructing a double mutant receptor with a MEN2A mutation ( Cys634Arg ) in addition to the MEN2B mutation , and by chronic exposure of RetMEN2B expressing cells to the Ret ligand GDNF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show that mice who are deficient in the glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol ( GPI ) linked protein GFRalpha 1 ( GDNFRalpha ) display deficits in the kidneys , the enteric nervous system , and spinal motor and sensory neurons that are strikingly similar to those of the GDNF and Ret deficient mice . ^^^ Taken together with the available genetic and biochemical data , these findings support the idea that GFRalpha 1 and the transmembrane tyrosine kinase Ret are both necessary receptor components for GDNF in the developing kidney and nervous system , and that GDNF and neurturin can mediate some of their activities through a second receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF and neurturin signal through multicomponent receptors that consist of the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase and one of two structurally related glycosyl phosphatidylinositol ( GPI ) linked ligand binding subunits : GFR alpha 1 is the preferred ligand binding subunit for GDNF , and GFR alpha 2 is the preferred ligand binding subunit for neurturin . ^^^ Using microinjection to introduce expression plasmids into cultured neurons , we have also shown that coexpression of Ret with GFR alpha 4 , confers a marked survival response to persephin but not to GDNF or neurturin . ^^^ These results demonstrate that GFR alpha 4 is the ligand binding subunit for persephin and that persephin , like GDNF and neurturin , also requires Ret for signalling . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Molecular analysis of the ret and GDNF genes in a family with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A and Hirschsprung disease . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
About 60 % and 35 % of the lumbar DRG neurons expressed c ret and trkA , proto oncogenes of the functional receptors for GDNF and NGF , respectively . ^^^ A marked enhancement of the gene expression for GDNF receptor alpha ( GDNFR alpha ) , which is a component of GDNF receptor , was observed in DRG neurons after sciatic nerve transection , but the percentage of c ret mRNA expressing neurons was not changed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ret ligands have been recently identified as the neuron survival factor GDNF ( Glial Derived Neurotrophic Factor ) and Neurturin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The receptor for these factors is a multicomponent complex that includes the RET ( rearranged during transfection ) tyrosine kinase receptor and one of two glycosyl phosphatidylinositol ( GPI ) linked ligand binding components called GDNF family receptor alphas ( GFRalpha 1 and GFRalpha 2 ) . ^^^ We have used in situ hybridization to study the mRNA expression of NTN , GDNF , RET , GFRalpha 1 , and GFRalpha 2 in the central nervous system ( CNS ) of adult mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The RET glial cell derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) pathway stimulates migration and chemoattraction of epithelial cells . ^^^ The secreted protein GDNF and its receptor RET are required for ureteric bud outgrowth and subsequent branching . ^^^ However , it is unclear whether the GDNF RET pathway regulates cell migration , proliferation , survival , or chemotaxis . ^^^ In this report , we have used the MDCK renal epithelial cell line to show that activation of the RET pathway results in increased cell motility , dissociation of cell adhesion , and the migration towards a localized source of GDNF . ^^^ These data demonstrate that GDNF is a chemoattractant for RET expressing epithelial cells and thus account for the developmental defects observed in RET and GDNF mutant mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that treatment of dopaminergic neuron cultures with 10 ng / ml GDNF induced maximal levels of Ret phosphorylation and produced a profound increase in phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase activity , as measured by western blot analysis and lipid kinase assays . ^^^ Treatment with 1 microM 2 ( 4 morpholinyl ) 8 phenylchromone ( LY 294002 ) or 100 nM wortmannin , two distinct and potent inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase activity , completely inhibited GDNF induced phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase activation , but did not affect Ret phosphorylation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Signaling by GDNF and NTN depends on the tyrosine kinase receptor Ret and on GFRalpha 1 and 2 . ^^^ The absence of Ret expression at E 14 suggests that both GDNF and NTN may employ an additional , unknown receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF uses a multisubunit receptor system in which GFRalpha 1 and Ret function as the ligand binding and signalling components , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By in situ hybridization , we now show that IHCs of the neonatal and mature rat cochlea synthesize GDNF and that GDNF receptor alpha , but not c Ret , is expressed in the rat spiral ganglion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both GDNF and NTN signal through a receptor complex consisting of the signal transducing subunit , Ret , and a ligand specific binding subunit , termed GDNF family receptor ( GFR ) alpha 1 and GFRalpha 2 , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In particular , the recent identification of neurotrophic factors acting as RET ligands ( GDNF and Neurturin ) provide additional candidate genes for HSCR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF is expressed in the adult striatum , but its signalling tyrosine kinase receptor , c ret , has not been detected in this structure by in situ hybridization . ^^^ In the present work , we first examined c ret and GDNF receptor alpha 1 ( GFR alpha 1 ) expression using an RNAse protection assay , and found that both receptors are expressed in the adult rat striatum . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of GDNF receptor ( RET and GDNFR alpha ) mRNAs in the spinal cord of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In situ hybridization revealed that IML neurons express the glycosylphosphatidylinositol linked alpha receptor 1 and c Ret receptors , which are essential for GDNF signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One signaling pathway known to be required for this process includes the receptor tyrosine kinase RET and co receptor GFR ( & agr ; ) 1 , which are expressed in the ureteric bud , and the secreted ligand GDNF produced in the mesenchyme . ^^^ Manipulation of the level of GDNF , in vitro or in vivo , suggested that this defect was due to insufficient rather than excessive RET signaling . ^^^ We propose that RET receptors expressed ectopically on ureteric bud trunk cells sequester GDNF , reducing its availability to the normal target cells at the bud tips . ^^^ This suggests that RET signaling is not only necessary but is sufficient to induce ureteric bud growth , and that the orderly , centripetal growth of the bud tips is controlled by the spatially and temporally regulated expression of GDNF and RET . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Following seizures , GDNF and NTN mRNAs were elevated in dentate granule cells , and c Ret mRNA in hilar neurons and non pyramidal cells in CA 1 and CA 3 regions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of c ret promotes morphogenesis and cell survival in mIMCD 3 cells . c Ret , a protein tyrosine kinase receptor , and its ligand glial derived neurotropic factor ( GDNF ) are critical for early regulation of ureteric bud development and nephrogenesis . ^^^ Stable expression of wild type c ret was found to yield a constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated receptor , with no change after the addition of GDNF . ^^^ Examination of mRNA from these cells demonstrated the message for endogenous GDNF , suggesting that c ret was potentially being constitutively activated by an autocrine mechanism . ^^^ When mIMCD 3 cells stably expressing the phosphorylated c ret receptor were cultured in a type 1 collagen matrix , they exhibited little GDNF independent or dependent branching process formation at early time points compared with the known morphogen hepatocyte growth factor ( HGF ) ( 48 h ; control , 0 . 33 + / 0 . 33 ; GDNF , 1 . 0 + / 0 . 58 , P = nonsignificant ; and HGF , 6 . 33 + / 0 . 33 processes / 20 cell clusters , P < 0 . 001 ) , whereas extended culture ( 7 days ) under serum free conditions revealed a marked increase in cell survival and the spontaneous development of rudimentary branching process formation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutation scanning of RET , GDNF , EDNRB , and EDN 3 , genes associated with Hirschsprung disease , showed no aberrations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is well documented that RET / GFRalpha 1 / GDNF delivers a signal critical for the survival of the early neural crest derived precursors that colonize the intestine below the rostral foregut and give rise to the enteric nervous plexuses [ Gershon , 1997 ; Cacalano et al . , 1998 ; Enomoto et al . , 1998 ] . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During embryogenesis , two different transmembrane receptors , Ret and Ednrb , together with their ligands , respective , GDNF and endothelin 3 , are involved in the migration and differentiation of enteric ganglion cells , sympathetic neurons and melanocytes from the neural crest . ^^^ RET and GDNF knockouts suggest that they are involved in a correct autonomic nervous system formation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF , now known to be the first identified member of a family of factors , signals through the previously known receptor tyrosine kinase , Ret . ^^^ Unlike most ligands for receptor tyrosine kinases , GDNF does not bind and activate Ret directly , but requires the presence of GPI linked coreceptors . ^^^ In vivo differences in localization of the GDNF family members , its coreceptors and Ret suggest this ligand / receptor interaction has extensive and multiple functions in the CNS as well as in peripheral tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Approximately 70 % of these express the GDNF receptor subunit , c ret ; many can be sustained by GDNF , but not by NGF in culture . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , OLI neu and OLN 93 cells expressed transcripts encoding the GDNF receptors Ret and GFRalpha 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF , NTN , PSP , and ART mediate their signals via a common receptor tyrosine kinase , Ret , but their ligand specificity is determined by a novel class of glycosylphosphatidylinositol ( GPI ) anchored proteins called the GDNF family receptor alpha ( GFR alpha ) . ^^^ GDNF binds preferentially to GFR alpha 1 , NTN GFR alpha 2 , ART GRF alpha 3 , and PSP GFR alpha 4 as a co receptor to activate Ret . ^^^ Although the GDNF family members signal mainly via Ret receptor tyrosine kinase , there is recent evidence that they can also mediate their signals via GFR alpha receptors independently of Ret . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All neurons expressed Ret mRNA , which encodes the common receptor tyrosine kinase for GDNF and neurturin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The established signaling mechanism for the GDNF / GFRalpha 1 complex is through binding to the tyrosine kinase receptor encoded by the c ret proto oncogene , and we also show here that c ret mRNA is upregulated in both motoneurons and primary sensory neurons of aged rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The receptors for these factors are complexes that include the Ret tyrosine kinase receptor and a GPI linked , ligand binding component called GDNF family receptor alpha 1 4 ( GFRalpha 1 4 ) . ^^^ We have used in situ hybridization to study the mRNA expression of NRTN , GDNF , Ret , GFRalpha 1 , and GFRalpha 2 during embryonic development and in the adult mouse . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The stimulation was GDNF dose and [ 3H ] thymidine exposure time dependent and was specifically inhibited by both anti GDNF and anti GDNF receptor ( RET ) antibodies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mRNA expression levels of GDNF , GDNFR alpha and RET were examined in the muscles of amyotrophic lateral screlosis ( ALS ) and 10 linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy ( SBMA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It has been shown recently that GDNF signals through the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret and the GDNF receptor alpha ( GFR alpha ) . ^^^ We propose that the neuroprotective effect of GDNF on 6 OHDA treated dopaminergic neurons in vitro is most likely mediated by functional Ret receptor signaling pathways . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gdnf expression , which is required to direct ureteric bud outgrowth via activation of the c ret Rtk ( refs 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ) , is not detected in Eya 1 / metanephric mesenchyme . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These factors signal via multicomponent receptors that consist of the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase plus a member of the GDNF family receptor alpha ( GRFalpha ) family of glycosylphosphatidylinositol linked coreceptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The signalling receptor complex for GDNF includes a dimer of Ret receptor tyrosine kinase and two molecules of GDNF family receptor alpha 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , the expression of GDNF receptors , ret and GFRalpha 1 , was demonstrated in rat primary cultured microglia by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and the protein level expression of Ret was also confirmed by Western blotting analyses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF triggers a novel ret independent Src kinase family coupled signaling via a GPI linked GDNF receptor alpha 1 . ^^^ Here we show that upon GDNF binding glycosyl phosphatidylinositol ( GPI ) linked GDNF receptor alpha 1 ( GFRalpha 1 ) activates cytoplasmic Src family tyrosine kinase ( s ) in Ret tyrosine kinase deficient cultured mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons and in two Ret negative cell lines . ^^^ We therefore conclude that GDNF can activate intracellular signaling pathways Ret independently via GPI linked GFRalpha1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Complete colonization of the gut by enteric neural precursors depends on activation of ednrB and Ret receptors by their respective ligands , edn 3 and gdnf . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There was no consistent effect of depolarising levels of KCl on ret mRNA expression , and neither GDNF nor neurturin significantly affected receptor expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The shared ret receptor was expressed in all somatic , branchial and visceral cranial embryonic motor nuclei examined , showing that they are all competent to respond to GDNF family ligands during development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF family ligands interact with membrane receptors designated GFRalphas which , in turn , mediate stimulation of the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase . ^^^ Here we show that Ret , GFRalpha 1 ( the GDNF receptor ) , and GFRalpha 2 ( the NTN receptor ) are expressed by testicular germ cells , while GDNF and NTN are expressed by Sertoli cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We used RT PCR to examine the expression of GDNF , neurturin , artemin , persephin and their receptors GFRalpha 1 , GFRalpha 2 , GFRalpha 3 and c ret in whole rat cochlea as well as in functionally different subfractions ( modiolus and sensorineural epithelium / lateral wall ) and compared the levels of neurotrophin and receptor mRNAs in the cochlea to those in substantia nigra brain region . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Studies correlating GA with size , morphologic composition of teratomas , ploidy or expression of cell cycle control proteins such as p 53 , and ret [ a tyrosine kinase receptor of the GDNF ( glial cell line derived neurotrophic factors ) ] receptor family may provide information explaining differences in survival . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , the analysis of the expression of other 11p15 imprinted genes and kidney developmentally regulated genes indicates that IGF 2 overexpression , inappropriate coexpression of RET and GDNF and , in some cases , down regulation of CDKN1C may also play an important role in the pathogenesis of WT . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although the upregulation of signal transducing receptor Ret by the RA treatment was rather small , this treatment significantly increased the efficacy of tyrosine phosphorylation of Ret by GDNF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In testis , the transducing receptor RET as well as GDNF receptor alpha 1 ( GFR ) alpha 1 and GFRalpha 2 were distributed in complementary and overlapping patterns , the former at stages 11 12 1 and the latter at stages 7 and 8 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The GDNF family ligands ( GFLs : GDNF , neurturin , persephin , and artemin ) signal through RET and a gly cosyl phosphatidylinositol ( GPI ) anchored coreceptor ( GFRalpha 1 alpha4 ) that binds ligand with high affinity and provides specificity . ^^^ Here , we report that GPI anchored GFRalpha 1 recruits RET to lipid rafts after GDNF stimulation and results in RET / Src association . ^^^ Disruption of RET localization using either transmembrane anchored or soluble GFRalpha 1 results in RET phosphorylation , but GDNF induced intracellular signaling events are markedly attenuated as are neuronal differentiation and survival responses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RET and GDNF gene scanning in Hirschsprung patients using two dual denaturing gel systems . ^^^ Mutations in the GDNF gene , and encoding one of the RET ligands , either alone or in combination with RET mutations , can also cause HSCR , as can mutations in four other genes ( EDN 3 , EDNRB , ECE 1 , and SOX 10 ) . ^^^ We have developed a novel comprehensive mutation detection system to analyse all but three amplicons of the RET and GDNF genes , based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis . ^^^ These two dual gel systems substantially facilitate mutation scanning of RET and GDNF , and may also serve as a model to develop mutation detection systems for other disease genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF and RET gene expression in anterior pituitary cell types . ^^^ In this work , for the first time , we have characterized the expression of both GDNF and RET in the anterior pituitary . ^^^ First of all , RT PCR analysis , Western blot and immunohistochemistry of the whole anterior pituitary showed that GDNF , GFRalpha 1 and RET are expressed in this gland . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : To address this hypothesis , we first investigated ( by RT PCR ) the expression of GDNF mRNA and the mRNAs of the GDNF receptors Ret and GFRalpha 1 in ( 1 ) adult human renal cortex and medulla and ( 2 ) in HMC in culture . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of RET and its ligand complexes , GDNF / GFRalpha 1 and NTN / GFRalpha 2 , in medullary thyroid carcinomas . ^^^ Glial cell line derived neurotropic factor ( GDNF ) and its membrane bound GDNF family receptor alpha ( GFRalpha 1 ) , as well as neurturin ( NTN ) and its membrane bound receptor GFRalpha 2 form a complex with the RET product , a receptor tyrosine kinase , resulting in downstream signaling to the nucleus . ^^^ METHODS : The mRNA expression of RET , GDNF , GFRalpha 1 , NTN and GFRalpha 2 was investigated by mRNA in situ hybridization , and confirmed by reverse transcription PCR analysis . ^^^ All MTCs showed expression of RET , 13 expressed GDNF , 12 expressed GFRalpha 1 and 9 expressed NTN and GFRalpha 2 . ^^^ In 7 of the tumors RET , GDNF and GFRalpha 1 were expressed at high levels , and in five of these seven tumors NTN and GFRalpha 2 genes were also expressed at high levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The transducing GDNF receptor ( ret ) is expressed in the inner ear . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The RET proto oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase for transforming growth factor beta related neurotrophic factors , which include GDNF and neurturin . ^^^ Finally , we show that in a papillary carcinoma derived cell line expressing the proto RET receptor and the related GFRalpha 2 co receptor , GDNF treatment induced RET tyrosine phosphorylation and subsequent signal transduction pathway , indicating that RET could be active in thyroid follicular cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Idiopathic slow transit constipation is not associated with mutations of the RET proto oncogene or GDNF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Members of the GDNF protein family signal through receptors consisting of a GPI linked GFRalpha subunit and the transmembrane tyrosine kinase Ret . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In wild type control embryos , all brachial and lumbar MNs appear to express the GDNF receptors c ret and GFRalpha 1 and the MN markers ChAT , islet 1 , and islet 2 , whereas only a small subset express GFRalpha 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutation scanning of genes potentially involved in Hirschsprung disease , RET , GDNF , EDN 3 , and EDNRB , showed a sequence variant , Ser305Asn , in exon 4 of the EDNRB gene in the index patient of this family . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , c ret , which is thought to mediate a signal evoked by binding of GDNF to GFRalpha 1 , was not expressed in the capillaries of the brain cortex in 3 mo old rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutational analysis of RET / GDNF / NTN genes in children with total colonic aganglionosis with small bowel involvement . ^^^ Recently , germline mutations of RET , GDNF , and NTN genes have been reported in HSCR . ^^^ DNA sequences of all the RET / GDNF / NTN coding regions were determined by the direct dyedeoxy terminator cycle method . ^^^ These results also urge us to examine if the RET germline mutation may cause critical alteration of the GDNF / NTN Ret signal transduction more severely in homo ( hemi ) zygosity and in male fetuses during organogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The discoveries of molecular genetics in the last 4 5 years through the examination of transgenic ( `` knockout ' ' ) mice , proved the basic role the mutation of 4 genes : the RET ( receptor tyrosin kinase ) , a proto oncogene , coding its ligand , the glial cell line derived neutrophic factor ( GDNF ) , the gene of the endothelin B receptor ( ENDRB ) and the gene one of its ligand , the endothelin 3 ( EDN 3 ) , in the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung ' s disease . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF family receptors in the embryonic and postnatal rat heart and reduced cholinergic innervation in mice hearts lacking ret or GFRalpha 2 . ^^^ Members of the GDNF family , which are important during peripheral nervous system development and kidney organogenesis , signal via Ret and GFRalpha receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : The GDNF family receptor alpha ( GFRalpha ) proteins are extracellular cell surface bound molecules that act as adapters in binding of the GDNF family of soluble neurotrophic factors to the RET receptor . ^^^ Mutations in RET and in two members of the GDNF ligand family are associated with Hirschsprung disease ( HSCR ) , a congenital absence of the enteric ganglia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The transcription factors Wt 1 and Eya 1 , the signalling molecules Gdnf and LIF and the receptors c Ret and GdnfRalpha have been demonstrated to fulfil fundamental roles in the first step of metanephric induction , the outgrowth of the ureter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
After all types of injury , the mRNAs for GDNF receptors ( GFRalpha 1 and c RET ) and the LIF receptor LIFR were distinctly ( up to 300 % ) up regulated in motoneurons . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Neurturin ( NRTN ) , signalling via the GDNF family receptor alpha 2 ( GFRalpha 2 ) and Ret tyrosine kinase , has recently been identified as an essential target derived factor for many parasympathetic neurons . ^^^ Thus , GDNF signalling via GFRalpha1 / Ret is essential in the early gangliogenesis of some , but not all , cranial parasympathetic neurons , whereas NRTN signalling through GFRalpha2 / Ret is essential for the development and maintenance of parasympathetic target innervation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the expression pattern of GDNF and its receptor complex the GPI linked ligand binding protein , GFRalpha 1 , and the Ret tyrosine kinase signaling protein indicates that it could operate at early steps in kidney development as well . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutations in genes that encode RET ligands ( GDNF and NTN ) ; components of another signaling pathway ( EDNRB , EDN 3 , ECE 1 ) ; and the transcription factor , SOX 10 , have been identified in HSCR patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Unlike other members of the TGF beta superfamily , which signal through the receptor serine threonine kinases , GDNF family ligands activate intracellular signalling cascades via the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret . ^^^ GDNF family ligands first bind to the glycosylphosphatidylinositol ( GPI ) anchored GDNF family receptor alpha ( GFRalpha ) and then the GDNF family ligand GFRalpha complex binds to and stimulates autophosphorylation of Ret . ^^^ Alternatively , a preassociated complex between GFRalpha and Ret could form the binding site for the GDNF family ligand . ^^^ Although all GDNF family ligands signal via activated Ret , GDNF can signal also via GFRalpha 1 in the absence of Ret . ^^^ GDNF binding to GFRalpha 1 also recruits Ret to the lipid rafts and triggers association with Src , which is required for effective downstream signalling , leading to differentiation and neuronal survival . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) family ligands signal through receptor complex consisting of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linked GDNF family receptor ( GFR ) alpha subunit and the transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase RET . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RET and GDNF ( a RET ligand ) are essential mediators of these epithelial mesenchymal interactions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Migrating neural cells and neurites from the esophagus and midgut accumulated around the GDNF impregnated beads , but neural cells in other tissues showed little or no chemotactic response to GDNF , although all showed GDNF receptor ( Ret and GFRalpha 1 ) immunoreactivity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of BMK 1 via tyrosine 1062 in RET by GDNF and MEN2A mutation . ^^^ In the present study , we investigated whether glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) can induce activation of BMK 1 through RET tyrosine kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They exert their biological effects by activating the RET tyrosine kinase in the presence of a GPI linked coreceptor , either GFR alpha 1 ( considered to be the favored coreceptor for GDNF ) or GFR alpha 2 ( the preferred NTN coreceptor ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of the RET , GDNF , EDN 3 , and EDNRB genes in patients with intestinal neuronal dysplasia and Hirschsprung disease . ^^^ METHODS : We examined 29 patients diagnosed with sporadic HSCR , 20 patients with IND , and 12 patients with mixed HSCR / IND for mutations in the coding regions of the RET , GDNF , EDNRB , and EDN 3 genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Germline mutations of the RET proto oncogene ( RET ) , its ligand glial cell derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , and neurturin ( NTN ) gene have been reported in patients with Hirschsprung ' s disease . ^^^ DNA sequences of all the RET / GDNF / NTN coding regions were determined using a direct DyeDeoxy Terminator Cycle method . ^^^ No germline RET / GDNF / NTN mutations were found in his parents . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In particular , the recent identification of neurotrophic factors acting as RET ligands ( GDNF and Neurturin ) provide additional candidate genes for HSCR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) is a survival factor for many neuronal cell types which signals through a heterodimer receptor consisting of GDNF family receptor alpha 1 ( GFRalpha 1 ) and Ret ( rearranged during transformation ) . ^^^ GDNF expression has previously been reported in the inner hair cells of the rat cochlea , with expression of GFRalpha 1 but not Ret in the cell bodies of the auditory nerve ( spiral ganglion cells ) , using in situ hybridization . ^^^ The present study used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) , and immunocytochemistry to examine GDNF , GFRalpha 1 and Ret in the adult rat auditory nerve . ^^^ Semi quantitative RT PCR showed expression of GDNF and the two receptor components , GFRalpha 1 and Ret , in the modiolar subfraction of the cochlea containing spiral ganglion cells . ^^^ Immunocytochemistry showed immunostaining in the modiolus for GDNF , GFRalpha 1 and Ret that was confined to spiral ganglion cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we show that the SNT / FRS2 PTB domain binds to RET receptor tyrosine kinase activated by glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) or multiple endocrine neoplasia ( MEN ) 2 mutations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutational analysis of the RET and GDNF gene in children with hypoganglionosis . ^^^ Recently , the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) was identified as one of the ligands of the RET , and GDNF ( 5p12 p13 . 1 ) mutations were also found in association with RET mutations in HSCR patients . ^^^ We analysed the DNA sequence of RET and the GDNF of patients with hypoganglionosis . ^^^ The PCR primers were designed for RET tyrosine kinase domain ( exon 13 17 ) and GDNF ( exon 1 2 ) . ^^^ No other mutation of the RET or GDNF was evident . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The receptor tyrosine kinase RET functions as the signal transducing receptor for the GDNF ( for `` glial cell derived neurotrophic factors ' ' ) family of ligands . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) family receptors alpha ( GFRalpha ) are cell surface bound glycoproteins that mediate interactions of the GDNF ligand family with the RET receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and neurturin ( NTN ) bind to GFR alpha 1 and GFR alpha 2 receptors , respectively , and their neurotrophic activity is mediated by the tyrosine kinase receptor , Ret . ^^^ Although GDNF , NTN and Ret mRNA levels were at the limit of detection , RNase protection assays revealed relatively high amounts of GFR alpha 1 and GFR alpha transcripts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retinoic acid induced apoptosis of the CHP 134 neuroblastoma cell line is associated with nuclear accumulation of p 53 and is rescued by the GDNF / Ret signal . ^^^ The neurotrophic signal through the GDNF Ret system may prevent the neuronal cell death . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Several susceptibility genes have been identified : RET protooncogene and its ligand , glial cell derived neutrophic factor ( GDNF ) , Sox 10 , Endothelin 3 ( EDN 3 ) and its receptor B ( EDNRB ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The biological effects of GDNF are mediated by GDNF family receptor alpha 1 ( GFRalpha 1 ) and c Ret . ^^^ Since GDNF is neuroprotective , up regulation of GFRalpha 1 and c Ret could enhance the responsiveness to GDNF and reduce neuronal damage . ^^^ The selective up regulation of GFRalpha 1 and c Ret in different brain areas suggests that there may be regional differences in GDNF induced neuroprotection in stroke . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both GPI anchored and soluble GFRalpha 1 recruit c Ret to lipid rafts following GDNF stimulation , where c Ret interacts with different proteins than outside the rafts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The localization of mRNAs corresponding to the two components of the GDNF receptor , GDNF family receptor alpha 1 ( GFRalpha 1 ) and Ret , were demonstrated in adult adrenal medullary ganglion cells . ^^^ Thus , adrenal medullary cells express mRNAs for the GDNF receptor components Ret and GFRalpha 1 , increase their expression upon being cultured in serum containing medium and respond to GDNF treatment with an increase in the number of cells that develop nerve processes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND / PURPOSE : Glial derived growth factor ( GDNF ) , which is the ligand of RET is reported to be essential for the development of enteric nervous system . ^^^ A GDNF knockout mouse model has shown that the gastric region is a critical passing site between GDNF RET independent neuroblasts ( colonizing the esophagus ) and GDNF RET dependent neuroblasts ( colonizing the small and large bowel ) . ^^^ The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of GDNF and RET in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis ( IHPS ) . ^^^ Indirect immunohistochemistry was performed using avidin biotin peroxidase complex method with anti GDNF and anti RET antibodies . ^^^ RESULTS : GDNF and RET positive nerve fibers were absent or markedly reduced in IHPS compared with controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This survival factor binds to the heterodimer GDNF family receptor alpha1 / Ret , inducing the Ret tyrosine kinase activity . ret loss of function mutations result in Hirschsprung ' s disease , a frequent developmental defect of the enteric nervous system . ^^^ Using the neuroectodermic SK N MC cell line , we found that the Ret tyrosine kinase activity is essential for GDNF to induce phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase ( PI3K ) / Akt and ERK pathways as well as cell rescue . ^^^ Altogether , these findings underscore the importance of the Ret / PI3K / Akt pathway in GDNF induced neuroectodermic cell survival . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression and phosphorylation of Ret , activation of focal adhesion kinase ( FAK ) and mitogen associated protein kinase ( MAPK ) signaling pathways , and phosphorylation of paxillin by GDNF were investigated by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis in primary human corneal epithelial cells and a corneal epithelial cell line . ^^^ GDNF induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Ret . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since the down regulation of GDNF in the eye is accompanied by down regulation of GFRalpha 1 and Ret , but not of GFRalpha 2 , in innervating ciliary ganglion neurons , the results also suggest that target derived GDNF regulates the expression of its high affinity coreceptors . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Our results show that CNS NSC express both the receptors ( RET and GFRalpha 1 ) for the enteric neurotrophin , GDNF ; GDNF , in turn , induces expansion of the RET expressing CNS NSC population . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : We examine the effects of the administration of therapeutically relevant concentrations of lithium on the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and its receptor , Trk B , as well as glia derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and its receptors , RET and GDNFR alpha , in the rat brain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The receptor tyrosine kinase RET and glial cell derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) form a signaling complex that is essential for ureteric bud growth and branching morphogenesis of the ureteric bud epithelium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF and NTN act through a two component receptor system consisting of the ligand specific binding subunits GDNF family receptor ( GFR ) alpha 1 and GFRalpha 2 and the common transducing subunit c Ret . ^^^ In addition , it has been demonstrated that GDNF can signal through GFRalpha 1 in the absence of c Ret . ^^^ To establish an assay system for these studies , several neural cell lines were screened for the presence of GDNF and NTN receptor subunits by RT PCR and immunoblot analysis . c Ret expression was detectable only in Neuro2A cells , which did not express GFRalpha 1 or GFRalpha 2 . ^^^ In addition , these observations reveal that c Ret independent signaling of GFRalpha 1 is ligand specific and occurs only with GDNF . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Flanking regulatory sequences of the locus encoding the murine GDNF receptor , c ret , directs lac Z ( beta galactosidase ) expression in developing somatosensory system . ^^^ RET forms the catalytic component within the receptor complex that transmits signals from the GDNF family of neurotrophic factors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RET ( Men2B ) transgene produces sympathoadrenal tumors but does not prevent intestinal aganglionosis in gdnf / or gfr alpha 1 ( / ) mice . ^^^ In vitro studies have shown that the kinase and mitogenic properties of RET ( Men2B ) are enhanced by GDNF / GFR alpha 1 stimulation . ^^^ A relevant clinical question is whether ablation of either GDNF or GFR alpha 1 could alter penetrance or severity of the MEN2B syndrome . ^^^ We report that ganglioneuromatous tumors caused by a RET ( Men2B ) transgene in mice are not affected grossly or microscopically by the absence of gdnf or gfr alpha 1 . ^^^ We find that expression of the RET ( Men2B ) transgene in enteric neural progenitors , after they colonize the gut , does not prevent intestinal aganglionosis associated with gdnf or gfr alpha 1 deficiency . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To investigate the expression of glial cell derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and its receptor GDNFR alpha ( GFRalpha 1 ) and GDNFR beta ( Ret ) genes and the effects of muscarinic receptor antagonists , NMDA receptor antagonist , inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase on the expression of these genes in the spinal cord , brainstem and frontal cortex during morphine withdrawal , and to observe the effects of GDNF antisense oligoneucleotide ( i . c . v ) on the morphine withdrawal symptoms in rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this issue of Neuron , show that in rodent SCG neurons NGF activates Ret , the signaling component of the multisubunit GDNF receptor , in vitro and in vivo by a mechanism , which is independent of GFL ligands and GFRalpha coreceptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this paper we demonstrate GDNF , GFRalpha 1 , and RET mRNA and protein expression in the human anterior pituitary gland . ^^^ Furthermore , we have looked for GDNF and RET in human pituitary adenomas of various hormonal phenotypes . ^^^ All of the remaining pituitary tumors screened were negative for RET , GDNF , and GFRalpha 1 . ^^^ The expression of RET in all of the somatotropinomas and in 50 % of the ACTH producing tumors implies that GDNF and RET could be involved in the pathogenesis of pituitary tumors . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to explore the role of RET , GFR alpha 1 and GDNF genes in the variation of phenotypes observed in MEN2A families , we analysed germline mutations of these genes in 4 unrelated Spanish MEN2A families ( 23 cases studied ) . ^^^ Genetic analysis of RET , GFR alpha 1 and GDNF genes in Spanish families with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF overexpresser mice had increased numbers of small unmyelinated sensory neurons that express the tyrosine kinase receptor Ret and bind the plant isolectin B 4 ( IB 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cluster cells in transplanted host testes expressed human GDNF , as had been shown previously for clusters in donor animals , and both were strongly positive for the tyrosine kinase receptor Ret . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also found that the receptor for GDNF , GFRalpha 1 , and its signaling moiety c Ret were upregulated , starting immediately after ischemia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mouse pheochromocytoma ( MPC ) cells respond to the Ret activating ligand GDNF by exhibiting Ret phosphorylation , neurite outgrowth , decreased proliferation , and altered expression of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we report the expression of RET isoforms and its signalling complex , GDNF and GFRalpha 1 , in foetal and adult human kidneys . ^^^ We further extend our study by showing increased RET and GDNF expression in collecting duct cysts of polycystic kidney patients . ^^^ This suggests that GDNF / RET signalling may contribute to proliferation of the collecting duct epithelium in an autocrine / paracrine manner . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overlapping and specific patterns of GDNF , c ret and GFR alpha mRNA expression in the developing chicken retina . ^^^ GDNF and the GDNF receptors , c Ret , GFR alpha 1 and 2 mRNA is expressed in the developing chicken retina . ^^^ GDNF labelling was mainly found in embryonic day 4 5 retina but weak labelling could also be found over scattered retinal cells at later stages . c ret labelling was found over ganglion cells , amacrine and horizontal cells ; the preferred GDNF receptor ( GFR alpha 1 ) over amacrine and horizontal cells ; and the less preferred GDNF receptor ( GFR alpha 2 ) over ganglion cells , amacrine cells and photoreceptors . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Triple labeling studies , using in situ hybridization for the GDNF family receptors and immunohistochemistry for neuronal or glial cell markers , showed that changes in the expression of c Ret , GFRalpha 1 , and GFRalpha 2 in the substantia nigra pars compacta were localized to neurons . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RET , GDNF , EDNRB , EDN 3 , and SOX 10 lead to long segment ( L HSCR ) as well as syndromic HSCR but fail to explain the transmission of the much more common short segment form ( S HSCR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By comparing several human neurogenic cell lines , we found that GDNF induced TH expression was only observed in the cells possessing Ret protein and coincided with the expression levels . ^^^ Taken together , these results indicate that GDNF up regulates the expression of the TH gene by promoting the transcription of the TH gene and the stability of TH mRNA with the Ret receptor dependency in some neuroblastoma cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A relative deficit of GFRalpha 1 in developing axons allows exogenous GFRalpha 1 to capture GDNF and present it for recognition by axonal c Ret receptors . ^^^ Exogenous GFRalpha 1 potentiates neurite outgrowth and acts as a long range directional cue by creating positional information for c Ret expressing axons in the presence of a uniform concentration of GDNF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also analyzed markers located close to several candidate genes ( RET , NF 1 , GDNF , GFRA 1 , EDNRB , and EDN 3 ) involved to a different extent in other neurocristopathies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we show that GDNF requires glycosaminoglycans as well as the already known components of its receptor complex , c Ret and GFRalpha 1 . ^^^ Without glycosaminoglcyans , specifically heparan sulphate , c Ret phosphorylation fails and GDNF can not induce axonogenesis in neurons , in PC 12 cells , or scatter of epithelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF induced autophosphorylation of Ret protein , and promoted neurite outgrowth in Neuro 2A cells . ^^^ XIB 4035 , like GDNF , induced Ret autophosphorylation in the Neuro 2A cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF and NRTN bind to the tyrosine kinase receptor Ret and the receptors GFRalpha 1 and GFRalpha 2 . ^^^ RESULTS : GDNF and Ret mRNA levels at E 15 were the highest of all the stages we examined and then immediately decreased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Differential expression of the GDNF family receptors RET and GFRalpha 1 , 2 , and 4 in subsets of motoneurons : a relationship between motoneuron birthdate and receptor expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Whereas it is well established that GDNF affects dopaminergic cell survival through a receptor complex composed of the tyrosine kinase , Ret , and the glycosylphosphatidylinositol ( GPI ) anchored protein , GFRalpha 1 , c Ret is basically undetectable in cortical neurons . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Messenger RNA signals for c ret , a common signaling receptor of GDNF family ligands , were seen in about 60 % of DRG neurons , and some of these neurons expressed trkA , trkB , or trkC mRNAs . ^^^ About 50 , 20 , and 20 % of DRG neurons expressed GDNF family receptor alpha 1 ( GFR alpha 1 ) , GFR alpha 2 , and GFR alpha 3 mRNAs , respectively , and most of these neurons were positive to c ret mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Similar phenotypes arise from targeted disruption of the genes encoding either GDNF , or its receptors , GFRalpha 1 and c Ret . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Some trace residues had been proved to be important in ligand receptor binding , especially in rat GFRalpha 1 , where alanine scanning mutagenesis confirmed that sites N ( 152 ) N ( 153 ) , R ( 259 ) , S ( 316 ) N ( 317 ) S ( 318 ) and Q ( 247 ) D ( 248 ) S ( 249 ) were critical for GFRalpha 1 binding to GDNF or Ret and thus affected the formation of GDNF GFRalpha 1 Ret complex . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The signaling receptor complex for GDNF typically includes both GDNF family receptor alpha 1 ( GFRalpha 1 ) and Ret receptor tyrosine kinase . ^^^ GDNF can also signal independently of Ret via GFRalpha 1 , although the mechanism has remained unclear . ^^^ We now show that GDNF partially restores ureteric branching morphogenesis in ret deficient mice with severe renal hypodysplasia . ^^^ The mechanism of Ret independent effect of GDNF was therefore studied by the MDCK cell model . ^^^ In MDCK cells expressing GFRalpha 1 but no Ret , GDNF stimulates branching but not chemotactic migration , whereas both branching and chemotaxis are promoted by GDNF in the cells coexpressing Ret and GFRalpha 1 , mimicking HGF / Met responses in wild type MDCK cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cerebral ischemia induces gene expression of GDNF , GDNF receptor alpha 1 ( GFRalpha 1 ) and c Ret , suggesting that a GDNF signaling cascade mechanism may be involved in endogenous neuroprotection during ischemia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The neurotrophic activities of GDNF are mediated by binding to GFRalpha 1 and further interaction of the GDNF GFRalpha 1 complex with a coreceptor tyrosine kinase encoded by the c Ret protooncogene . ^^^ There is also evidence for the existence of cell signaling by GDNF and GFRalpha 1 in the absence of Ret . 2 . ^^^ To further delineate the Ret dependent and independent functions of GDNF , cellular internalization of GDNF and GFRalpha 1 was examined in cells lines and primary neurons . 3 . ^^^ Primary hippocampal neurons from transgenic mice that express a wild type GFRalpha 1 together with a mutant , tyrosine kinase inactive Ret also internalized GDNF efficiently ( approximately 20 % of total surface bound ligand internalized after 2 min ) . ^^^ The data suggest different mechanisms of internalization for GDNF GFRalpha 1 in the absence and presence of the Ret coreceptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RET ( GDNF receptor ) expression is demonstrated in human seminomas , and not in nonseminomatous tumours . ^^^ However , the exact molecular alterations of GDNF / RET / GFRalpha1 complex in germ cell tumours are not known . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Wnt 11 and Ret / Gdnf pathways cooperate in regulating ureteric branching during metanephric kidney development . ^^^ Gdnf encodes a mesenchymally produced ligand for the Ret tyrosine kinase receptor that is crucial for normal ureteric branching . ^^^ Conversely , Wnt 11 expression is reduced in the absence of Ret / Gdnf signaling . ^^^ Consistent with the idea that reciprocal interaction between Wnt 11 and Ret / Gdnf regulates the branching process , Wnt 11 and Ret mutations synergistically interact in ureteric branching morphogenesis . ^^^ Based on these observations , we conclude that Wnt 11 and Ret / Gdnf cooperate in a positive autoregulatory feedback loop to coordinate ureteric branching by maintaining an appropriate balance of Wnt 11 expressing ureteric epithelium and Gdnf expressing mesenchyme to ensure continued metanephric development . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study we profile the expression of GDNF and its receptor complex ( Ret and GFRalpha 1 ) in cells isolated from the human optic nerve head ( ONH ) . ^^^ Total RNA was isolated and subjected to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) to examine mRNA expression of GDNF , Ret , and GFRalpha 1 . ^^^ RESULTS : Lamina cribrosa cells , ONH astrocytes , and LC tissues expressed messenger RNA for GDNF , Ret and GFRalpha 1 . ^^^ Lamina cribrosa cells and ONH astrocytes also expressed protein for GDNF , Ret , and GFRalpha 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Antisense phosphorothioated oligodeoxynucleotides of the GZF 1 gene markedly impaired the ureteric bud branching in the metanephric organ culture , suggesting that the induction of GZF 1 expression via the GDNF / RET signaling system is required for renal branching morphogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Association of NCAM with GFRalpha 1 , a GPI anchored receptor for GDNF , downregulates NCAM mediated cell adhesion and promotes high affinity binding of GDNF to p 140 ( NCAM ) , resulting in rapid activation of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases Fyn and FAK in cells lacking RET , a known GDNF signaling receptor . ^^^ GDNF stimulates Schwann cell migration and axonal growth in hippocampal and cortical neurons via binding to NCAM and activation of Fyn , but independently of RET . ^^^ These results uncover an unexpected intersection between short and long range mechanisms of intercellular communication and reveal a pathway for GDNF signaling that does not require the RET receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expressions of GDNF , GDNFR alpha and Ret proteins in the brain of rats with seizures induced by pilocarpine ] . ^^^ RESULTS : ( 1 ) GDNF positive cells began to appear 2 hours after SE and reached the peak in 1 and 3 days , then decreased to the normal level ; ( 2 ) GDNFR alpha positive cells in the cortex increased rapidly to the peak 2 hours after SE , and only few such cells were found in hippocampus ; ( 3 ) Ret positive cells were found both in the cortex and hippocampus , with the maximum of expressions 6 8 hours after SE ; ( 4 ) There were some connection between GDNF expression levels and extent of neurons damage . ^^^ CONCLUSION : There exist time dependent upregulations of GDNF , GDNFR alpha and Ret protein in the cortex and hippocampus of rats after SE . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is a multigenic malformation and until now , eight genes have been involved in the etiology of this disease : genes encoding proteins of the RET signaling pathway ( RET , GDNF and NTN ) , genes participating in the endothelin ( EDN ) type B receptor pathway ( EDNRB , EDN 3 and ECE 1 ) , the SOX 10 gene and the SIP 1 gene that is mutated in syndromic forms of HSCR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF and its co receptor RET are the genes with the most mitogene potency on precursor cells of the ENS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF family ligands bind to specific GDNF family receptor alpha ( GFRalpha ) proteins , all of which form receptor complexes and signal through the RET receptor tyrosine kinase . ^^^ GDNF can also signal RET independently through GFR1alpha . ^^^ In cells lacking RET , GDNF binds with high affinity to the NCAM and GFRalpha 1 complex , which activates Fyn and FAK . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effect of 6 hydroxydopamine on striatal GDNF and nigral GFRalpha 1 and RET mRNAs in the adult rat . ^^^ We therefore investigated whether changes in striatal GDNF protein and nigral mRNA levels of its co receptors GFRalpha 1 and RET occur in response to lesions of dopamine ( DA ) neurons and examined the temporal profile of these changes as they relate to the loss of dopaminergic markers . ^^^ Dramatic decreases in RET and GFRalpha 1 were observed in both SN and VTA that were generally correlated with the loss of TH protein and striatal DA content , strongly suggesting that these receptors are located on DA neurons and that the protective effect of GDNF reflects a direct action of the trophic factor on these neurons . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The biological actions of GDNF are mediated by a two receptor complex consisting of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linked cell surface molecule , the GDNF family receptor alpha 1 ( GFRalpha 1 ) , and receptor protein tyrosine kinase Ret . ^^^ According to the survival and differentiation responses of these stable PC 12 cells upon GDNF stimulation and the GDNF GFRalpha 1 Ret interaction assay , residues 152NN153 , Arg 259 , and 316SNS318 in the GFRalpha 1 central region were found to be critical for GFRalpha 1 binding to GDNF and eliciting downstream signal transduction . ^^^ The single mutation R259A in the GFRalpha 1 molecule simultaneously lost its binding ability to GDNF and Ret . ^^^ These findings suggest that distinct structural elements in GFRalpha 1 may be involved in binding to GDNF and Ret . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The genes involved in the RET GDNF signaling and / or EDN 3 EDNRB signaling pathways have been analyzed as candidates for CCHS ; however , only a few patients have mutations of the RET , EDN 3 , and GDNF genes . ^^^ We studied the RET , GDNF , GFRA 1 , PHOX2A , PHOX2B , HASH 1 , EDN 1 , EDN 3 , EDNRB , and BDNF genes in seven patients with isolated CCHS and three patients with HSCR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Using PCR amplification and direct sequencing , we screened for mutations and polymorphisms in the coding regions and intron / exon boundaries of the RET , GDNF , EDNRB , and EDN 3 genes of 84 HSCR patients and 96 ethnically matched controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both gfra1a and gfra1b as well as ret are expressed at this time , while gfra 2 expression , the receptor component that binds the GDNF related ligand neurturin , is not detected until the precursors have migrated along the gut . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , a ligand of RET tyrosine kinase , and its family ligands promote the survival and differentiation of a variety of neurons . ^^^ Gene ablation studies have revealed that the GDNF RET receptor system is essential for the development of kidney and peripheral neurons , including sympathetic , parasympathetic and enteric neurons . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the immunohistochemical expression of GDNF , NTN , and their receptors ( GFRalpha 1 , 2 , and 3 , and Ret ) in normal human kidney and in 42 nephroblastomas , 20 of which were associated with nephrogenic rests ( group A ) and 22 were not ( group B ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Retinal expression of NTN , GDNF , their corresponding receptors GFRalpha 2 and 1 , the transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase ( Ret ) , and cSrc p 60 , a member of the cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases family , were analyzed by Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry in cyclic light and dark reared rats in the presence and absence of intense light exposure . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The structure of GFRalpha 1 domain 3 reveals new insights into GDNF binding and RET activation . ^^^ Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) binds to the GDNF family co receptor alpha 1 ( GFRalpha 1 ) and activates RET receptor tyrosine kinase . ^^^ Mutating each one of them had slightly different effects on GDNF binding and RET phosphorylation . ^^^ In addition , the R217E mutant bound GDNF equally well in the presence and absence of RET . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF , Ret , GFRalpha 1 and 2 in the adult rat retino tectal system after optic nerve transection . ^^^ In the present study , we have studied the expression of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and its receptors Ret , GFRalpha 1 , and GFRalpha 2 in the retino tectal system before and after optic nerve transection . ^^^ Optic nerve transection resulted in reduced Ret mRNA levels in retina , while the levels of GDNF , GFRalpha 1 , and 2 mRNA increased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we show that glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) enhances CRMP 2 expression in TGW human neuroblastoma cells via activation of RET receptor tyrosine kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PSPN / GFRalpha4 has a significantly weaker capacity than GDNF / GFRalpha1 to recruit RET to rafts , but promotes neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth . ^^^ Previously , it was shown that the recruitment of RET into lipid rafts by glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) / GFRalpha1 is crucial for efficient signal transduction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The rostral migration of cells to form the superior cervical ganglion ( SCG ) and the extension of axons along blood vessels involves artemin signaling through Ret and GFRalpha 3 , and the entry of sympathetic axons into target tissues involves neurotrophins and GDNF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we demonstrate that pancreatic carcinoma cell lines , such as PANC 1 , expressed the RET and GDNF family receptor alpha receptor components for GDNF and that primary pancreatic tumor samples , derived from carcinomas with regional lymph node metastasis , exhibited marked expression of the mRNA encoding the RET 51 isoform . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF may signal through c Ret as well as NCAM 140 pathways since both the signaling receptors are expressed in the neuromuscular junction ( NMJ ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They promote survival and neurite outgrowth through binding to specific members of the GDNF family receptor alpha ( GFR alpha ) and subsequent activation of the RET tyrosine kinase receptor . ^^^ Our results demonstrate the presence of GDNF receptors RET and GFR alpha 1 in the two cellular compartments , cell bodies and distal axons . ^^^ Addition of GDNF to either compartment initiated local signaling , including activation of RET and its downstream effectors AKT and ERK1 / 2 . ^^^ Retrograde signaling was associated with retrograde transport of radiolabeled GDNF and GFR alpha 1 , as well as activation of RET and AKT , but not of ERK1 / 2 , in cell bodies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The GDNF family ligands signal through a receptor complex composed of a ligand binding subunit , GFRalpha , and a signaling subunit , the RET tyrosine kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Exposure to 30 100 ng / ml GDNF or neurturin ( NRTN ) resulted in activation of ret . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As RET stabilizes the binding of GDNF equally well to the full length and truncated receptors , D 1 seems not to be involved in the interaction between GFRalpha 1 and RET . ^^^ However , when the receptors are overexpressed on the cell surface as GPI anchored proteins , or added to the growth medium at high concentrations as soluble proteins , full length and truncated GFRalpha 1 are indistinguishable in GDNF dependent RET phosphorylation assays . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The role of GDNF / Ret signaling in ureteric bud cell fate and branching morphogenesis . ^^^ While GDNF signaling through the Ret receptor is critical for kidney development , its specific role in branching morphogenesis of the epithelial ureteric bud ( UB ) is unclear . ^^^ Cells lacking Ret are specifically excluded from the tips , although they contribute to the trunks , revealing that the tips form and expand by GDNF driven cell proliferation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RET and GDNF family receptor alphas ( GFRalpha ) 1 3 are expressed in the developing carotid body as detected by RT PCR and immunocytochemistry . mRNA for GDNF , and artemin ( ARTN ) were also present . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In dopaminergic neuron like SHSY5Y cells , ibogaine treatment upregulated the GDNF pathway as indicated by increases in phosphorylation of the GDNF receptor , Ret , and the downstream kinase , ERK 1 ( extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The isolated cells express Ret , a tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptor that mediates the intracellular response to GDNF via GFR alpha 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In cell free binding studies , GFRalpha 1 Ig displayed strong preferential binding to GDNF , though in the presence of soluble RET , weak binding to ART could also be detected . ^^^ Moreover , ART failed to induce phosphorylation of extracellular signal related kinase ( ERK ) and Akt in these cells and was > 10 ( 4 ) fold less potent than GDNF in stimulating RET phosphorylation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These effects required GFRalpha 1 but neither RET nor NCAM , the two transmembrane signaling receptors known for GDNF . ^^^ Mutant mice lacking GDNF or GFRalpha 1 , but neither RET nor NCAM , showed reduced numbers of GABAergic cells in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus . ^^^ The lack of involvement of RET or NCAM in these processes suggests the existence of additional transmembrane effectors for GDNF . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These factors signal through a multicomponent receptor complex comprising a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored cell surface molecule ( GDNF family receptor ( GFR ) alpha ) and RET tyrosine kinase , triggering the activation of multiple signaling pathways in responsive cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The bud ' s tip expresses the GDNF receptor ( RET ) . ^^^ RET GDNF binding is crucial not only for the correct formation of ureters and collecting ducts ( both of Wolffian origin ) , but also for nephrogenesis . ^^^ We advance the hypothesis that SK results from a disruption in the ureteric bud metanephric blastema interface , possibly due to one or more mutations or polymorphisms of RET or GDNF genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the etiology of Hirschsprung disease various genes play a role ; these are : RET , EDNRB , GDNF , EDN 3 and SOX 10 , NTN 3 , ECE 1 , Mutations in these genes may result in dominant , recessive or multifactorial patterns of inheritance . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that although all midbrain DA cells express both receptor components of GDNF ( GFRalpha 1 and Ret ) , those in the ventral tegmental area ( VTA ) and rostromedial substantia nigra ( SNrm ) also contain GDNF but not GDNFmRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When grown as spheres , these cells expressed mRNAs for GDNF , persephin , GFR alpha 2 , GFR alpha 4 ( neurturin receptor ) , and Ret . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to explain the effects of intrathecally injected GDNF , we investigated whether lumbo sacral dorsal horn neurons expressed RET protein , the signal transducing element of the receptor complex for GDNF . ^^^ Additionally , using double labeling immunofluorescence combined with confocal microscopy , it was found that after intrathecal GDNF injection 35 % of c Fos labeled cells were also labeled for RET . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Crosstalk between Jagged 1 and GDNF / Ret / GFRalpha1 signalling regulates ureteric budding and branching . ^^^ GDNF induced ectopic buds expressed Jag 1 , which suggests that GDNF can , directly or indirectly , up regulate Jag 1 through Ret / GFRalpha1 signalling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transcripts for the ligand specifying receptors for GDNF and neurturin , GFRalpha 1 and GFRalpha 2 , as well as the common signal transducing receptor Ret were all down regulated by RA treatment in a dose dependent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF and NTN signaling is mediated by a two component receptor : a signal transducing component , RET , which is shared by both ligands , and a ligand specific binding component , GFR alpha 1 ( higher GDNF affinity ) or GFR alpha 2 ( higher NTN affinity ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF exerts its biological effects by activating the Ret tyrosine kinase in the presence of glycosylphosphatidylinositol linked receptor , GDNF family receptor ( GFR ) alpha 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RT PCR analysis detected gene expression of Pax 2 , Lim 1 , c Ret , Emx 2 , Sall 1 , WT 1 , Eya 1 , GDNF , and Wnt 4 in the EB outgrowths from days 6 9 of expansion onward , and also in the teratoma tissues 14 and 28 days after transplantation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Whole mount in situ experiments revealed that inhibition of ODC causes increases in epithelial c ret and E cadherin and a decrease in mesenchymal Pax 8 expression , whereas levels of epithelial Wnt 11 , mesenchymal GDNF , FoxD 1 , and Pax 2 transcripts remain unchanged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : mRNA expression studies of GDNF receptors , GFRalpha 1 and Ret , demonstrated that GDNF receptors were not exclusively expressed by the degenerating photoreceptor cells but mainly by MGC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Immunohistochemical assessment of GDNF , neurturin , persephin , artemin , GDNF family receptor alpha 1 and alpha 2 , and RET was performed for 51 cases of surgically resected pancreatic cancer . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : We conclude that the expression of RET in pancreatic cancer tissues may be a useful prognostic marker and GDNF may play an important role in neural invasion . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF / Ret signaling and the development of the kidney . ^^^ Signaling by GDNF through the Ret receptor is required for normal growth of the ureteric bud during kidney development . ^^^ However , the precise role of GDNF / Ret signaling in renal branching morphogenesis and the specific responses of ureteric bud cells to GDNF remain unclear . ^^^ Cells that lack Ret are unable to contribute to the tip of the ureteric bud , apparently because GDNF driven proliferation is required for the formation and growth of this specialized epithelial domain . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RET ( rearranged during transfection ) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase and acts as co receptor of glial derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) family neurothrofic factors in complex with GFRalpha family proteins ; RET is important for development of enteric nervous system and renal organogenesis during embryonal life . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study examined the expression of GDNF , GFRalpha 1 , and RET in the incisor periodontal ligament and trigeminal ganglion of young rats by RT PCR and immunocytochemistry . ^^^ Their axonal branches showed GFRalpha 1 and RET immunoreactions but lacked GDNF immunoreactivity . ^^^ These findings indicate that GDNF mediates trophic effects on the survival and target innervation of the periodontal Ruffini endings via GFRalpha 1 and RET . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show here that in porcine retina , GDNF receptors GFRalpha 1 and RET are expressed on retinal Mueller glial cells ( RMG ) but not on photoreceptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we have demonstrated that the Gas 1 protein shows high structural similarity to the glial cell derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) family receptors alpha , which mediate GDNF responses through the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret . ^^^ Consequently , when Gas 1 is induced , Ret mediated GDNF dependent survival effects are compromised . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although mutations in eight different genes ( EDNRB , EDN 3 , ECE 1 , SOX 10 , RET , GDNF , NTN , SIP 1 ) have been identified in affected individuals , it is now clear that RET and EDNRB are the primary genes implicated in the etiology of HSCR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF family ligand receptor components Ret and GFRalpha 1 in the human trigeminal ganglion and sensory nuclei . ^^^ Most of the GFRalpha 1+ cells contain GDNF and about 50 % of them contain Ret . ^^^ Triple labeling shows many Ret+ / GDNF+ / GFRalpha 1+ neurons , but also a number of Ret / GDNF+ / GFRalpha 1+ and Ret+ / GDNF / GFRalpha 1+ cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
First , we demonstrated continued cortical expression of GDNF receptor components ( GFRalpha 1 , c Ret ) , suggesting that GDNF could have a physiological effect in the immediate post traumatic period . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Regulation of GDNF and its receptor components GFR alpha 1 , alpha 2 and Ret during development and in the mature retino collicular pathway . ^^^ Stable mRNA transcription of GDNF and its receptors GFR alpha 1 , alpha 2 and Ret was found in retina and SC throughout development into adulthood and after ON transection . ^^^ Since Ret was localized primarily to the vascular compartment , the receptor tyrosine kinase may play a minor role in neuronal GDNF signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Virtually all neurons in the cardiac parasympathetic ganglia exhibited the cholinergic phenotype , and over 90 % of these cells contained both components of the NRTN receptor , Ret tyrosine kinase and GDNF family receptor alpha 2 ( GFRalpha 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The gene expression of GDNF , persephin , artemin and neurturin , and their receptors GFRalpha 1 , GFRalpha 2 , GFRalpha 3 and Ret , was determined by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction using GAPDH expression as an internal standard . ^^^ In contrast , artemin , GDNF , GFRalpha 1 3 and Ret RNA expression were strongly upregulated in the auditory nerve following deafness , indicating their importance in protecting the auditory nerve against cell damage . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glial cell line derived neurotropic factor ( GDNF ) and its receptors glial cell line derived neurotropic factor alpha ( GFR1alpha ) and rearranged during transformation ( RET ) have been localized in the rat testis during postnatal development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Members of this family of related ligands bind to specific GDNF family receptor ( GFR ) proteins , which complex and signal through the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase . ^^^ In this immunohistochemical study , we localized GDNF , neurturin , GFRalpha 1 , GFRalpha 2 and Ret in the adult rat ON and olfactory bulb . ^^^ We found that GDNF and Ret were widely expressed by immature and mature OSNs , while neurturin was selectively expressed in a subpopulation of OSNs zonally restricted in the ON . ^^^ In the bulb , GDNF was highly expressed by the mitral and tufted cells , and by periglomerular cells , and its distribution generally resembled that of Ret , with the exception that Ret was far more predominant on fibers than cell bodies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NTN and GDNF are thought to bind with different affinities to the GDNF family receptor alpha 2 ( GFRalpha 2 ) , and can activate the same multi component receptor system consisting of GFRalpha 2 , receptor tyrosine kinase Ret ( RET ) and NCAM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GDNF induced OECs migration was demonstrated depending on GFRalpha 1 and Ret receptor , and activation of JNK and Src signaling cascades . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P39905 and P07949	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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