Pubmed abstracts for Protein-Protein Interaction search result :

Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.64170573
It is well established that cyclin B 1 protein forms a complex with cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( CDK 1 ) , which , when activated , initiates mitosis . 0.64170573^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.76114923
In the testis , cyclin A 1 has been shown to bind both Cdk 1 and Cdk 2 but we show here that cyclin A 2 binds only Cdk 2 . 0.76114923^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.50890998
In a second step , Cdk 1 stably binds phosphorylated separase via its regulatory cyclin B 1 subunit . 0.50890998^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.5433571
Cyclin B associates with the cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( cdc 2 ) to form a complex which is required for cells to undergo mitosis . 0.5433571^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.80325708
Further , there was a direct interaction between cyclin A 1 and cyclin dependent kinase 1 , as well as a major ATRA receptor , RARalpha , in ATRA treated cells but not in untreated leukemic cells . 0.80325708^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.92609169
Cyclin A associates with both Cdc 2 and its homologue Cdk 2 . 0.92609169^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.63302282
These novel Mab did not interfere with the association of cdc 2 with cyclin A in vitro and efficient immunoprecipitation of a panel of cdc 2 mutant proteins suggests that the target epitopes may not involve amino acid residues essential for currently known cdc 2 functions . 0.63302282^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.67741592
Cdc 2 protein kinase is complexed with both cyclin A and B : evidence for proteolytic inactivation of MPF . 0.67741592^^^ Clam cdc 2 is found in association with both cyclin A and B , probably not as a trimolecular association , but as separate cdc2 / cyclin A and cdc2 / cyclin B complexes . 0.60804971^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.74964153
Goldfish cyclin A was associated with cdc 2 kinase in mature oocytes , but not with cdk 2 . 0.74964153^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.5951235
These include kinase complexes containing cyclin A , cyclin B , and cyclin D , associated either with CDC 2 , CDK 2 , CDK 4 , or CDK 5 . 0.5951235^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.57958486
Cyclin A was also associated with cdc 2 , which , contrary to complexes containing cdk 2 , were only activated upon entry into mitosis . 0.57958486^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :1.0478403
Cdc 2 associates with both cyclin A , which is synthesized at G 1 and S , and cyclin B , which is produced later during S and G 2 before G2 / M transition . 1.0478403^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.52461085
These results suggest that EC 27 can function as a multifunctional cyclin : when associated with cdc 2 , it exhibits cyclin B like activity ; when associated with cdk 6 , the complex possesses cyclin D like activity and binds PCNA . 0.52461085^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :1.5914815
We demonstrate that Cdc 2 itself is the cyclin B kinase ; cyclin B phosphorylation requires Cdc 2 activity both in vivo ( sensitivity to vitamin K 3 , a Cdc 25 inhibitor ) and in vitro ( copurification with Cdc 2 cyclin B , requirement of Cdc 2 dephosphorylation , and sensitivity to chemical inhibitors of cyclin dependent kinases ) . 1.5914815^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :1.0146238
RESULTS : We show that Cdc 2 co expressed with Cyclin A inhibits the S phase in Drosophila salivary glands and diploid abdominal histoblasts . 1.0146238^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.67180093
Pas 1 cyclin associates in vivo with both Cdc 2 and Pef 1 kinases , the latter of which is a fission yeast counterpart of the budding yeast Pho 85 kinase , but genetic analysis indicates that the Pef1p associated Pas1p is responsible for the activation of Res2p Cdc10p during the G ( 1 ) S transition . . 0.67180093^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.51928175
Cyclin A interacts with both Cdc 2 and Cdc2c , the Drosophila Cdk 2 homolog , and Roughex inhibits the histone H 1 kinase activities of both cyclin A Cdc 2 and cyclin A Cdc2c complexes in whole cell extracts . 0.51928175^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.76863374
Our previous studies have shown that inactivation of Drosophila lats leads to up regulation of cyclin A in the fly , and the human LATS 1 protein associates with CDC 2 in early mitosis in HeLa cells , suggesting that the lats gene family may negatively regulate cell proliferation by modulating CDC2 / Cyclin A activity . 0.76863374^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.50159313
The main inhibitory action of p 27 , a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor ( CDKI ) , arises from its binding with the cyclin E / cyclin dependent kinase 2 ( Cdk 2 ) complex that results in G ( 1 ) S arrest . 0.50159313^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Genes encoding cdk 1 ( p34cdc2 ) , cyclin A , cyclin B , and the tumor suppressor gene Rb are fundamental regulators of cell cycle progression which associate as a complex with the transcription factor E2F . ^^^ We have investigated levels of mRNA encoding cdk 1 ( p34cdc2 ) , cyclin A , cyclin B , Rb , GAPDH , c myc , and histone H 4 genes for sensitivity to okadaic acid in HeLa cells to determine if transformation altered their regulation . ^^^ When starved cells were subsequently exposed to 19 nM okadaic acid or refed 10 % serum , mRNA levels of cyclin A , cyclin B , cdk 1 , and Rb dramatically increased while mRNA levels for c myc and GAPDH were largely unaffected . ^^^ Despite the cell cycle phase specific block , elevated mRNA levels for cdk 1 , cyclin A , cyclin B , Rb , and suppression of H 4 mRNA levels were detected and persisted for at least 12 hr following okadaic acid removal . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of certain cell cycle regulatory proteins : cdk 1 , cdk 2 , cdk 4 , cyclin A , cyclin B , cyclin E , Bcl 2 and PCNA was examined in peripheral blood lymphocytes ( PBL ) from 25 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemias ( CLL ) in order to analyze a possible cell cycle involvement of CLL lymphocytes . ^^^ The presence of cdk 4 and cyclin E in the blood cells of the majority of CLL cases studied , as well as cdk 1 and cdk 2 in some cases , indicate that the CLL cells are not quiescent , but are blocked in an early stage of the G 1 cell cycle phase , and / or that the expression of these proteins is pathologically deregulated . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Changes in airway epithelial cells were evaluated by measuring alterations in the expression of markers for differentiated Clara cells ( CYPIIF and Clara cell 10 kDa secretory protein , CC 10 ) , distal airway / alveolar type 2 cells ( surfactant protein B ; SP B ) and for cycling / proliferating cells ( cyclin dependent kinase 1 ; CDK 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mitotic arrest occurring in these polyploid cells involves novel alterations in the cdk1 / cyclin B 1 complex : a marked reduction in cdk 1 protein levels , and an elevated and sustained expression of cyclin B 1 . ^^^ This was due to an inability of cyclin B 1 to physically associate with cdk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effects of both qualities of radiation were investigated for the two cell lines in regard to p 53 protein levels , and alterations in Cdk 1 ( cyclin dependent kinase 1 ) and Cdk 2 phosphorylation were monitored . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We studied several cyclin dependent kinases ( cdk 1 , cdk 2 , cdk 4 , cdk 6 ) and cyclins ( cyclin A , cyclin B 1 , cyclin D 3 and cyclin E ) . ^^^ Expression of cdk 1 and PCNA , markers of proliferative activity , was significantly higher in T than in B lineage ALL . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Alterations in hepatic cdk 1 , cdk 2 , cdk 4 , cdk 5 , and cyclin protein expression were determined in response to acute dosing of the prototypic peroxisome proliferator and hepatocarcinogen [ 4 chloro 6 ( 2 , 3 xylidino ) 2 pyrimidinylthio ] acetic acid ( WY 14 , 643 ) . ^^^ The largest relative increases , 6 . 1 , 2 . 8 , 11 , 83 , and 7 . 9 fold , were seen with cdk 1 , cdk 4 , cyclin B , cyclin D 3 , and PCNA , respectively . ^^^ Analysis of gel filtration fractions indicated that PCNA co eluted with cdk 1 from the WY 14 , 643 treated rats as a 70 80 kDa molecular complex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast to previously characterized cyclin dependent and Rb associated kinases , such as cdk 1 ( cdc 2 ) and cdk 2 , G2 / M RbK 1 ) is not depleted by incubation with p13suc beads , 2 ) is not detected with antisera against several Rb associated cyclins cdks , and 3 ) associated with Rb via the Rb amino terminus , a region that is dispensable for interaction with other Rb associated kinases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All the cell lines expressed roughly equal levels of cdk 1 ; cdk 2 ; PSTAIRE sequence containing kinases ; proliferating cell nuclear antigen ; and cyclins A , B 1 , and E . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Seventy percent partial hepatectomy ( PH ) was performed on rats and normal BALB / c and athymic nude mice to determine patterns of cyclin and CDK 1 mRNA expression . ^^^ Our results demonstrate a sequential pattern of cyclin and CDK 1 transcript expression in each of the models . ^^^ Impaired regeneration in the nude mouse is associated with altered cyclin and CDK 1 mRNA transcript expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cells rapidly accumulate cyclin B protein and tyrosine hyperphosphorylated p34cdc2 ( cdk 1 ) kinase , indicative of cell cycle arrest at G 2 phase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The recent demonstration that roscovitine is a potent and selective inhibitor of the animal cyclin dependent kinases cdc 2 ( CDK 1 ) , CDK 2 and CDK 5 prompted an investigation into its effects on progression through the plant cell cycle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin A 2 activates cdc 2 ( Cdk 1 ) on passage into mitosis and Cdk 2 at the G1 / S transition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The hepatocarcinogen and peroxisome proliferator WY 14 , 643 ( [ 4 chloro 6 ( 2 , 3 xylidino ) 2 pyrimidinylthio ] acetic acid ) was examined for its ability to induce changes in the intracellular protein expression of hepatic p34cdc2 kinase ( CDK 1 ) , proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) , p 53 tumor suppressor protein , and p21Waf1 CDK inhibiting protein . ^^^ WY 14 , 643 dosing increased concentrations of hepatic proteins of 34 and 37 kDa molecular mass , which were identified through immunoprecipitation as CDK 1 and PCNA , respectively . ^^^ Gel filtration of the hepatic S 9 fractions determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay confirmed the increased expression of CDK 1 and PCNA immunoreactivity in livers from WY 14 , 643 treated rats . ^^^ Also , gel filtration revealed that the native CDK 1 and PCNA in hepatic S 9 from WY 14 , 643 treated rats chromatographed as a major peak with an apparent molecular mass of 70 and 76 kDa , respectively . ^^^ Immunohistochemistry of formalin fixed liver demonstrated a cytosolic localization of immunoreactive CDK 1 and nuclear localization of immunoreactive PCNA in proliferating cells of WY 14 , 643 treated rat livers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While both cyclin A and cyclin E bind CDK 1 efficiently , only cyclin A activates CDK 1 kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The eukaryotic cell division cycle is coordinated by cyclin dependent kinases ( CDKs ) , represented by a single major serine / threonine kinase in yeasts ( Cdc2 / CDC28 ) and a family of kinases ( CDK 1 to CDK 8 ) in human cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Protein levels of cell cycle mediators , cyclin dependent kinases ( CDK 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 ) , cyclin proteins ( A , B , D 1 D3 and E ) , proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) , tumor suppressor proteins ( p 53 and Rb ) , and CDK inhibitory proteins ( p16Ink4 , p21Waf1 and p27Kip1 ) were examined in F 344 rats following 70 % partial hepatectomy or a single dose of WY 14 , 643 over 96 and 48 h time courses , respectively . ^^^ CDK 1 ( p34cdc2 ) and PCNA protein concentrations , quantified by ELISA , were significantly increased beginning at the 24 h time point and maximal at 48 h ( 6 . 9 and 3 . 7 fold for partial hepatectomy and 4 . 2 and 3 . 3 fold for WY 14 , 643 , respectively ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , the steady state levels of cyclin dependent kinases CDK 1 and CDK 2 and of transcription factor E2F 1 were diminished . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Through association with CDK 1 , cyclin B accumulation and destruction govern the G2 / M / G1 transitions in eukaryotic cells . ^^^ To identify CDK 1 inactivation dependent events during late mitosis , we expressed a nondestructible form of cyclin B ( cyclin BDelta 90 ) by microinjecting its mRNA into prometaphase normal rat kidney cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of maturation promoting factor , a complex of CDK 1 and cyclin , is required for maturation and dependent on c mos protein kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although cyclin / Cdk1 is thought to be the major kinase that initiates the onset of mitosis , a more complete understanding of how cells move from G 2 to a mitotic state will require further identification of kinases operating upstream , downstream and in parallel with Cdk 1 , their substrates and their relationship with one another during the G2 / M transition . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Protein sequencing of one of the cyclin CDK substrates characterized in this study identified this protein as nucleolin , a previously characterized CDC 2 ( CDK 1 ) substrate , thus indicating the utility of this approach in identifying cyclin CDK targets . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we show that : ( 1 ) the cycling of channel activity is not prevented by inhibiting protein synthesis and hence does not involve cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( cdk 1 ) cyclin B ; and ( 2 ) the cycling of channel activity continues in anucleate zygote fragments with a time course similar to that observed in nucleate fragments . ^^^ We further demonstrate that : ( 1 ) persistent activation of the K+ channel in one cell embryos arrested in metaphase requires the maintenance of an active cdk 1 cyclin B complex ; and ( 2 ) both DNA synthesis inhibition with aphidicolin and DNA damage produced by mitomycin C prevent the down regulation of the channel at the start of S phase by a mechanism that requires tyrosine kinase activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The arrest of the mitotic cycle at the onset of endoreduplication was associated with a failure to assemble cyclin B / p34 ( cdk 1 ) complexes during the first endocycle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It has been proposed that endomitosis could be due to an abnormal CDK 1 activity or an absence of cyclin B 1 . ^^^ Both cyclin B 1 and CDK 1 could be detected in the endomitotic polyploid MKs using Western blot analysis , and a histone H 1 kinase activity was associated with immunoprecipitated cyclin B 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The early syncytial divisions of Drosophila embryos , however , occur without detectable oscillations in the total cyclin level or Cdk 1 activity . ^^^ This pattern of Cdk 1 inactivation would be consistent with local cyclin destruction at centrosomes or kinetochores . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also determined the expression of two proliferation markers , PCNA and CDK 1 , after methotrexate treatment . ^^^ Furthermore , there was a reduction in the number of PCNA expressing cells and the reduction was much more marked in the case of CDK 1 that was almost absent in the modal ploidy treated cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that when we injected cyclin B 1 GFP , or cyclin B 1 GFP bound to CDK 1 ( i . e . ^^^ We found that a cyclin mutant with a defective nuclear export signal does not enhance the premature mitosis caused by interfering with the regulatory phosphorylation of CDK 1 , but is more sensitive to inhibition by the Wee 1 kinase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At various time intervals after Taxol treatment , immunoblot analyses of cyclin B 1 and CDK 1 levels were performed . ^^^ Data presented here show that , while Taxol induced peak CDK 1 kinase activity occurs earlier in HL 60 / neo cells , there are no significant differences in cyclin B 1 accumulation , tyrosine dephosphorylation of CDK 1 , and mitotic arrest of Taxol treated HL 60 / neo vs HL 60 / Bcl xL cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin B 3 is coimmunoprecipitated with Cdk 1 ( Cdc 2 ) but not with Cdk 2 ( Cdc2c ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Deletion and mutation analysis demonstrated that the cyclin B p 34 ( cdc 2 ) kinase ( CDK 1 ) phosphorylated human recombinant RIIalpha in vitro on Thr 54 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On human lymphocytes , we measured geometrical features , cell contents in DNA and in cyclin A and CDK 1 proteins , localization and colocalization of these two proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression patterns of cyclin B 1 , cyclin D , cyclin E and p 53 were not different in any of the groups . mRNAs encoding CDK 1 , CDK 4 , cyclin D 1 and c myc were also increased in wild type mice fed Wy 14 , 643 but not in PPARalpha null mice . ^^^ ACO , CDK 1 , CDK 2 , CDK 4 , PCNA and c myc proteins were significantly increased in wild type mice fed Wy 14 , 643 for 5 weeks or 11 months , as compared with controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin B cdk 1 kinase stimulates ORC and Cdc 6 independent steps of semiconservative plasmid replication in yeast nuclear extracts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ISF treated lymphocytes express normal cyclin A and B 1 levels , but contain reduced levels of cell cycle dependent kinase 1 ( Cdk 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin / cyclin dependent kinase ( CDK ) complexes immunoprecipitated with p27Kip1 are differentially modified by DXM addition : ( a ) G 1 kinasic complexes ( cyclin D / CDK4 or CDK 6 ) associated with p27Kip1 are strongly decreased by DXM , ( b ) S phase complexes ( CDK2 / cyclin E and A ) remained stable or increased , and ( c ) the association of p27Kip1 with the phosphorylated forms of CDK 1 is increased by DXM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , events ( e . g . , induction of cyclin D 1 , cdk 1 , cyclin D 3 , and p 53 mRNA ) that occur at the end of the prereplicative period are uniformly inhibited . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of this study was to determine whether cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( cdk 1 ) , a serine threonine kinase required for entry into mitosis , is implicated in this age associated dysregulation of the cell cycle . ^^^ The decrease in cdk 1 activity observed in T lymphocytes from aged donors could be accounted for by at least three mechanisms : 1 ) a failure of these cells to express a sufficient amount of cdk 1 , 2 ) a reduced level of the associated cyclin B 1 , and 3 ) an incomplete dephosphorylation of the kinase on tyrosine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CDK 1 and cyclin A expression is linked to cell proliferation and associated with prognosis in non Hodgkin ' s lymphomas . ^^^ In B NHLs , cdk 1 , cyclin A , as well as cdk 2 , cyclin D 3 and E expression was higher in the aneuploid than in the euploid group . ^^^ CDK 1 and cyclin A showed a significant prognostic value for achievement of complete remission ( Cdk 1 ) and for both disease free ( cyclin A ) and overall survival ( cyclin A and cdk 1 ) : low protein level was associated with the best prognosis in B NHLs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , down regulation of cyclin B and cdk 1 was observed in Taxol and Caffeine treated HPAC cells . ^^^ However , the results were drastically different in PANC 1 cells where cyclin B was down regulated only by Caffeine treatment and the level of cdk 1 protein was undetectable in this cell line . ^^^ The up regulation of p21WAF1 and down regulation of cyclin B and cdk 1 suggest their possible roles in G2 / M cell cycle arrest caused by both Taxol and Caffeine as reported earlier . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We conclude that cyclic AMP inhibits progression of the cell cycle in astrocytes at least by preventing the expression of the regulatory subunits , cyclins D 1 and A , and catalytic subunits , cdk 1 and cdk 2 , of cyclin regulated protein kinases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Genetic data show that Rux inhibits the S phase function of the cyclin A ( CycA ) cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( Cdk 1 ) complex ; in addition , it can prevent the mitotic functions of CycA and CycB when overexpressed . ^^^ Cdk 1 inhibition by Rux did not rely on inhibitory phosphorylation , disruption of cyclin Cdk complex formation or changes in subcellular localization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that differentiating lens fiber cells contain two active cyclin dependent kinases ( Cdks ) , Cdk 1 and Cdk 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The animal cell cycle is controlled by the periodic variation of two cyclin dependent protein kinases , cdk 1 and cdk 2 , which govern the entry into the M ( mitosis ) and S ( DNA replication ) phases , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The levels of cyclin B 1 and cdk 1 histone H 1 kinase activity in gelsolin transfectants remained low during S and early G 2 phase and the production of diacylglycerol induced by UVC was reduced in gelsolin transfectants compared to neotransfectants . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In other systems , Chk 1 kinase phosphorylates and suppresses the activity of Cdc 25 phosphatase : the resulting failure to remove inhibitory phosphate from cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( Cdk 1 ) prevents entry into mitosis [ 4 ] [ 5 ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ang 2 treatment ( 100 nM ) of quiescent VSMCs led to upregulation of the cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclin D 1 , Cdk 2 , proliferating cell nuclear antigen , and Cdk 1 . p 27 ( Kip 1 ) levels , however , remained high , and the activation of the G 1 phase Cdk 2 was inhibited as the cells underwent hypertrophy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Flavopiridol analogues , thio and oxoflavopiridols which contain a sulfur ( 16 ) or oxygen ( 18 ) atom linker between a chromone ring and the hydrophobic side chain , are selective cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( CDK 1 ) inhibitors with an IC ( 50 ) of 110 and 130 nM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A protein phosphatase , Cdc 14 , plays a key role during mitotic exit in budding yeast by activating the Cdh 1 component of the anaphase promoting complex to degrade cyclin B ( Clb ) and inducing the CDK inhibitor Sic 1 to inactivate Cdk 1 [ 2 ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During normal cell cycles , the function of mitotic cyclin cdk 1 complexes , as well as of cdc25C phosphatase , is required for G 2 phase progression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this report we show that these changes are accompanied by the down regulation of Cdk 1 , and CyclinB 1 , and up regulation of the cyclin dependent kinase ( Cdk ) inhibitor p21WAF1 , which may be responsible for the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis due to the anaphase promoting complex / cyclosome ( APC / C ) is essential for separation of sister chromatids , requiring degradation of the anaphase inhibitor Pds 1 , and for exit from mitosis , requiring inactivation of cyclin B Cdk 1 kinases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , a mutant form of the mitotic kinase Cdk 1 that can not be inhibited by phosphorylation drove a mitotic cyclin into the nucleus and overcame the delay of mitosis induced by irradiation . ^^^ The delay of mitosis in post blastoderm embryos is due primarily to inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdk 1 , whereas nuclear exclusion of a cyclin Cdk 1 complex might play a secondary role . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Several CTD kinases are members of the cyclin dependent kinase ( cdk ) superfamily , including p34cdc2 ( cdk 1 ) , cdk 7 , cdk 8 , and cdk 9 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Entry into mitosis is controlled by the cyclin dependent kinase CDK 1 and can be delayed in response to DNA damage . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cell division cycle is controlled by cyclin dependent kinases ( cdk ) , which consist of a catalytic subunit ( cdk 1 cdk8 ) and a regulatory subunit ( cyclin A H ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin D 1 , E , A , H , Cdk 1 ( cyclin dependent kinase ; Cdc 2 ) , Cdk 4 , and Cdk 6 protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis at different pathologic stages of liver tissues exhibiting HCC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : In eukaryotic cells , the kinase activity of the mitosis promoting complex composed of cyclin B and Cdc 2 ( Cdk 1 ) is negatively regulated by the phosphorylation of Cdk 1 on threonine or tyrosine residues within its ATP binding domain . ^^^ Recombinant Wee1B effectively phosphorylated cyclin B associated Cdk 1 on tyrosine 15 , resulting in an inactivation of the kinase activity of Cdk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Developmental changes in cyclin B 1 and cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( CDK 1 ) levels in the different populations of spermatogenic cells of the post natal rat testis . ^^^ In this work , we studied the relative changes in the levels of the two components of the M phase promoting factor ( MPF ) : the regulatory subunit cyclin B 1 ( CycB 1 ) and its catalytic subunit cdk 1 , in spermatogenic cells of rats between 16 and 90 days of life . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibition of cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( CDK 1 ) by indirubin derivatives in human tumour cells . ^^^ After 24 h treatment , a strong decrease of the CDK 1 protein level along with a reduction of cyclin B in complex with CDK 1 is observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Immunohistochemistry was used to analyse 49 primary cutaneous malignant melanomas , 18 metastatic melanomas , and 12 histologically confirmed naevus cell naevi for their expression of cyclins ( A , B 1 , D 1 , D 2 , D 3 , and E ) and cyclin dependent kinases ( CDK 1 , CDK 2 , and CDK 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Exposure to butyrate increases the expression of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors , p21 / Cip1 and p27 / Kip1 , decreases the expression of cyclin A and cyclin B , inhibits the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein ( pRb ) , and decreases the activity of cdk 1 and cdk 2 associated kinases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cdk 1 and cyclin B 1 proteins were also reduced in human Chang liver cells consistent with the increase in G ( 2 ) / M phase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Several observations suggested that the latter cells were in G 2 phase , prior to the onset of mitosis : these cells contained uncondensed chromosomes , low levels of cyclin B associated kinase activity , and high levels of tyrosine phosphorylated Cdk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We observed that G2 / M arrest by apigenin involved a significant decrease in cyclin B 1 and CDK 1 protein levels , resulting in a marked inhibition of CDK 1 kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This include activation of CDC 2 kinase ( CDK 1 ) which interacts with either cyclin A or cyclin B 1 at the G 1 or G2 / M border , suggeting that this event is one of the major consequences of the drug action on eukaryotic cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CDK 1 and CDK 2 , and cyclin A and cyclin B 1 messenger RNAs were decreased 6 days after castration , increased 6 12 hours after TP treatment , and were expressed at high levels in recurrent CWR 22 tumors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we show that cdk 2 cyclin E activity maintains cdk 1 cyclin B during mitosis . ^^^ Prematurely inactivating cdk 2 advances the time of cyclin B degradation and cdk 1 inactivation . ^^^ Blocking PKA , instead , stabilizes cdk 2 activity and inhibits cyclin B degradation and cdk 1 inactivation . ^^^ The stabilization of cdk 1 cyclin B is also induced by a mutant cdk 2 cyclin E complex that is resistant to inhibitory phosphorylation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
E2F independent activation of histone H 4 gene expression combines contributions of several promoter factors , including HiNF M / IRF2 and the HiNF D / CDP cut complex which contains pRB , CDK 1 , and cyclin A as non DNA binding subunits . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phosphorylation of the CCAAT displacement protein ( CDP ) / Cux transcription factor by cyclin A Cdk 1 modulates its DNA binding activity in G ( 2 ) . ^^^ Accordingly , cyclin A Cdk 1 was found to bind to CDP / Cux and modulate its DNA binding activity in vitro and in vivo . ^^^ Interaction with CDP / Cux required the presence of both cyclin A and a cyclin dependent kinase ( Cdk ) activating kinase activated Cdk 1 and involved the Cut homeodomain and a downstream Cy motif . ^^^ In cotransfection studies , cyclin A Cdk 1 inhibited CDP / Cux stable DNA binding and prevented repression of the p 21 ( WAF 1 ) reporter . ^^^ In contrast , mutant CDP / Cux proteins in which serines 1237 and 1270 were replaced with alanines were not affected by cyclin A Cdk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cyclin B p 34 ( cdc 2 ) kinase ( CDK 1 ) has been shown to phosphorylate RIIalpha on T 54 and this has been proposed to alter the subcellular localization of RIIalpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Baicalein mediated G 1 and G 2 growth arrest accompanied by the down regulation of cyclin D 2 , cyclin A , cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( Cdk 1 ) and cyclin dependent kinase 2 ( Cdk 2 ) , and up regulation of p 15 ( Ink4B ) , p 21 ( CIP1 / Waf1 ) , p 53 and cyclin E . ^^^ Evaluation of the kinase activity of cyclin Cdk complexes showed that baicalein decreased Cdk 1 , Cdk 2 , cyclin D 2 and cyclin A expression in endothelial cells , leading to markedly reduced Cdk / cyclin associated kinase activities . ^^^ These results suggest that baicalein inhibits the proliferation of rat heart endothelial cells via G 1 and G 2 arrest in association with the down regulation of the expression and function of Cdk 1 , Cdk 2 , cyclin D 2 and cyclin A proteins , and up regulation of cyclin E , p 15 ( Ink4B ) , p 53 and p 21 ( CIP1 / Waf1 ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast to cholesterol , ergosterol was unable to induce cyclin B 1 expression , to activate Cdk 1 and to resume cell cycle in cells previously arrested at G 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to transcription activation of p 53 responsive genes , we found that p 63 and p 73 repress transcription of the cdk 1 and cyclin B genes , both of which are irreversibly repressed in senescent human fibroblast . ^^^ Furthermore , we found that DNA binding activity of NF Y transcription factor , which is essential for transcription of the cdk 1 and cyclin B genes and inactivated in senescent fibroblast , is significantly decreased by expression of either of p 53 , p 63 , or p 73 . ^^^ Since NF Y binds to many promoters besides the cdk 1 and cyclin B promoters , inactivation of NF Y by p 53 family genes may be a general mechanism for transcription repression in replicative senescence . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two key partner effectors controlling entry into mitosis were also investigated : cyclin B 1 and the associated cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( Cdk 1 ) . ^^^ Whereas cyclin B 1 was not detectably affected in E 22 exposed cells , Cdk 1 was maintained in a tyrosine phosphorylated inactive state and lost its affinity for p 13 ( suc 1 ) agarose beads . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , senescence is associated with increased binding of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor ( CDK 1 ) p 16 ( INK4a ) to CDK 4 , down regulation of cyclin E protein levels ( and consequent loss of cyclin E / CDK2 activity ) , underphosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein RB and subsequent increased levels of E2F4 RB repressive complexes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A switch like mechanism integrates signals of cellular status and commits the cell to mitosis by abruptly removing inhibitory phosphate from preformed cyclin : Cdk 1 complexes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The distribution of cyclins and Cdk in maize root tip cells during mitosis and cytokinesis indicates the presence of Cdk 1 ( Cdc2a ) and cyclin CycB1zm ; 2 at the mature and disassembling preprophase band and the presence of CycB1zm ; 2 at condensing and condensed chromosomes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Androgen stimulation also induced the expression of the Cdk 2 and Cdk 1 as well as their regulatory partners , cyclin A and cyclin B , resulting in a corresponding increase in cyclin A / Cdk2 activity in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cell cycle analysis revealed that XK 469 is a phase specific cell cycle blocker that is associated with increased levels of cyclin B 1 , cyclin A and p 53 but not CDK 1 ( cdc 2 ) or cyclin E . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin b 1 promoter activity and functional cdk 1 complex formation in G 1 phase of human breast cancer cells . ^^^ The cause of this overexpression has not been thoroughly investigated , nor is it known if cyclin B protein forms a functional complex with its partner , cdk 1 , at inappropriate cell cycle periods . ^^^ Functional cyclin B 1 cdk 1 protein complex was detected in G 1 phase of BT 549 and T 47D cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Genes encoding G 1 , S , and mitotic cyclins were identified , consistent with previous data showing that the cyclin dependent kinase Cdk 1 associated with different cyclins is a key factor for inhibiting APC ( Cdh 1 ) activity from late G 1 phase until mitosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These agents may affect the ganglion cells directly , because CDK 1 , its regulatory subunit cyclin B 1 , and CDK 5 were identified immunohistochemically in the perikarya of ganglion cells , and this was confirmed for CDK 1 and CDK 5 in Western blots of the ganglion cell layer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
From Cdc 2 to Cdk 1 : when did the cell cycle kinase join its cyclin partner . ^^^ When this fundamental discovery was confirmed in vertebrates and mammalian members of the Cdc 2 family were also shown to bind cyclins , Cdc 2 became Cdk 1 , the first cyclin dependent protein kinase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During this inhibition process , resveratrol increases the content of cyclins A and B 1 as well as cyclin dependent kinases Cdk 1 and Cdk 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Much higher concentrations of a panel of pyrrolo [ 2 , 3 d ] pyrimidine nucleoside analogs with antiviral activity were required to inhibit recombinant cdk1 / cyclin B compared to the submicromolar concentrations required to inhibit HCMV and HSV 1 replication . 4 , 6 Diamino 5 cyano 7 ( 2 phenylethyl ) pyrrolo [ 2 , 3 d ] pyrimidine ( compound 1369 ) was the best inhibitor of cdk 1 and cyclin B , with a 50 % inhibitory concentration ( IC ( 50 ) ; 14 microM ) similar to that of roscovitine ; it was competitive with respect to ATP ( K ( 1 ) = 14 microM ) . ^^^ The potency of compound 1369 against cdk 1 and cyclin B was similar to its cytotoxicity ( IC ( 50 ) s , 32 to 100 microM ) but not its antiviral efficacy ( IC ( 50 ) s , 0 . 02 to 0 . 3 microM ) . ^^^ Therefore , we propose that inhibition of cdk 1 and cyclin B is not responsible for selective antiviral activity and that pyrrolo [ 2 , 3 d ] pyrimidines constitute novel pharmacophores which compete with ATP to inhibit cdk 1 and cyclin B . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibition of cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( Cdk 1 ) prevents karyogamy , mTOR activation , p 53 ( S 15 ) phosphorylation and apoptosis . ^^^ Thus , HIV 1 elicits a pro apoptotic signal transduction pathway relying on the sequential action of cyclin B Cdk 1 , mTOR and p53 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , restoring FoxM1B expression in old aged mice caused elevated levels of Cyclin B 1 , Cyclin B 2 , Cdc25B , Cdk 1 , and p55CDC mRNA as well as stimulating Cdc25B nuclear localization during liver regeneration , all of which are required for mitosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The protein levels of cyclins D 1 , E , A , and H , and of cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( Cdk 1 ) , Cdk 2 , Cdk 4 , Cdk 6 , and Cdk 7 in HCC and in surrounding nontumorous cirrhosis were determined by Western blot . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Consistent with these observations , CDK 1 activity was maintained at high levels , along with stable cyclin B 1 , in p 53 negative cells . ^^^ The addition of butyrolactone 1 , which is an inhibitor of CDK 1 and CDK 2 , to the p 53 negative cells reduced the floating round cell population and induced the disappearance of cyclin B 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The DNA histogram showed that the cell fraction of the G2 / M phase was increased , and this G2 / M phase arrest was related to a decrease of cdk 1 and cyclin A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cell division cycle requires oscillations in activity of B type cyclin ( Clb ) Cdk 1 kinases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Finally , forced expression of the NF YA protein in cells committed to differentiate leads to an impairment in the down regulation of cyclin A , cyclin B 1 , and cdk 1 expression and is accompanied by a delay in myogenin expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This was associated with the earlier expression of the cell cycle promoting cyclin A 2 , cyclin E , cyclin B 1 , cyclin F , and cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( Cdk 1 ) genes and diminished protein levels of Cdk inhibitor p21Cip1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A genetic screen for suppressors and enhancers of the Drosophila cdk 1 cyclin B identifies maternal factors that regulate microtubule and microfilament stability . ^^^ In early Drosophila embryos , increasing maternal cyclin B leads to higher Cdk 1 CycB activity , shorter microtubules , and slower nuclear movement during cycles 5 7 and delays in nuclear migration to the cortex at cycle 10 . ^^^ We identified 10 suppressors classified into three groups : ( 1 ) gene products regulating Cdk 1 activities , cdk 1 and cyclin A ; ( 2 ) gene products interacting with both microtubules and microfilaments , Actin related protein 87C ; and ( 3 ) gene products interacting with microfilaments , chickadee , diaphanous , Cdc 42 , quail , spaghetti squash , zipper , and scrambled . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( Cdk 1 ) , formerly called Cdc 2 ( or p 34 ( Cdc 2 ) ) , interacts with cyclin B 1 to form an active heterodimer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , the significant reduction in hepatocyte mitosis was associated with diminished mRNA levels and nuclear expression of Cdc25B phosphatase and delayed accumulation of cyclin B 1 protein , which is required for Cdk 1 activation and entry into mitosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The array data enabled us to focus on the role of potential key genes ( e . g . , GADD 153 , CHK 2 , p 21 ( WAF 1 ) , cyclin A , CDK 1 , and DHFR ) that might be targets of MSA in impeding cell cycle progression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we show that telomerase negative cells require Clb 2 ( the major B type cyclin in this organism ) , in association with Cdc 28 ( Cdk 1 ) , to generate postsenescence survivors at a normal rate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interestingly , biochemical fractionation studies revealed that the active form of Cdk 1 , a fraction of total cyclin B 1 , and the Cdc 25 phosphatases reside predominantly in the cytoplasm of infected cells . ^^^ Collectively , these data suggest that the maintenance of Cdk1 / cyclin B 1 activity observed in HCMV infected cells can be explained by three mechanisms : the accumulation of cyclin B 1 , the inactivation of negative regulatory pathways for Cdk 1 , and the accumulation of positive factors that promote Cdk 1 activity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The levels of cyclins A , B 1 , D 1 , E , CDK 1 ( CDC 2 ) , CDK 2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) were unchanged in NPC cells following treatment with any concentration of paclitaxel ; however , apoptosis related cyclin B 1 associated CDC 2 kinase was highly activated by paclitaxel even at concentrations as low as 5 nM , which is consistent with the finding that low dose paclitaxel is also able to induce apoptosis in NPC cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These nine proteins ( DP 1 , cdc25A , cyclin A , cyclin B ( 1 ) , cyclin D ( 1 ) , cdk 1 , cdk 5 , p 21 ( WAF 1 ) , and GADD 153 ) have been reported previously by our laboratory to be modulated by MSA in human breast and prostate cancer cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At least four of these so called cyclin dependent kinases , namely Cdk 4 , Cdk 6 , Cdk 2 and Cdk 1 , have specific roles at particular stages of the cell cycle , including passage through the various cell cycle transitions and the response to specific checkpoints . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All three of these highly conserved proteins interact with a number of critical cell cycle and cell survival regulatory proteins such as PCNA , p 21 ( WAF1 / CIP1 ) , CDK 1 ( cdc 2 p34 ) , and MTK1 / MEKK4 , and have been reported to influence the activity of the p 38 and JNK kinases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
S phase progression is directed by the cyclin A / CDK2 complex , and the complex of cyclin A with Cdc 2 ( also known as CDK 1 ) is important for G ( 2 ) phase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we show that homologue disjunction in mouse oocytes is dependent on proteolysis of the separase inhibitor securin and the Cdk 1 regulatory sub unit cyclin B 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin B 1 and CDK 1 : nuclear localization and upstream regulators . ^^^ Binding of cyclin B 1 to its inactive partner , CDK 1 , initiates conformational changes allowing CDK 1 to alter its phosphorylation status and to become an active kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Roscovitine ( 10 microM ) , an antitumoral drug that inhibits cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( cdk 1 ) , cdk 2 and cdk 5 , showed a significant neuroprotective effect on CGNs deprived of S / K . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro , at least 15 of the mitotic phospho sites can be generated by cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( Cdk 1 ) , and 3 by Polo like kinase 1 ( Plk 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we report the characterization of the catalytic subunit of the cyclin dependent kinase , encoded by the gene cdk 1 , and the two B type cyclins present in this organism , encoded by the genes clb 1 and clb 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In all systems examined so far , the G2 / M phase transition is controlled by the M phase promoting factor ( MPF ) , a complex of cdc 2 ( CDK 1 ) and cyclin B 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Elevated levels of cyclin A 2 , Cdk 1 and Cdk 2 were detected in the majority of GCTs and were correlated with the invasiveness of the tumors ( p < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ Cyclin A 2 expression was strongly correlated with that of its catalytic partners Cdk 1 and Cdk 2 in all types of testicular tumors examined ( p < 0 . 05 ) , whereas a strong correlation between cyclin A 1 and Cdk 1 or Cdk 2 was only seen in non seminomatous GCTs ( p < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SP 600125 was selective for JNK in vitro and in vivo versus other kinases tested including ERK , p 38 , cyclin dependent protein kinase 1 ( CDK 1 ) , and CDK 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study we measured the effects of two cdk 1 inhibitors on S , G 2 , and M transit for Hela cells and correlated these effects on cyclin B1 / cdk1 and cyclin A / cdk2 activities . ^^^ These results suggest that cdk 1 cyclin activity is rate limiting for cell cycle progression during a period from mid G 2 through prophase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It can be concluded that although CYC 202 can act as a CDK 2 inhibitor , it also has the potential to inhibit CDK 4 and CDK 1 activities in cancer cells through the down regulation of the corresponding cyclin partners . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The surprising redundancy amongst the classical cyclins ( A , B , and E ) and cyclin dependent kinases ( Cdk 1 and Cdk 2 ) show that the important differences between these proteins are when and where they are expressed rather than the proteins they phosphorylate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin A / Cdk2 complexes regulate activation of Cdk 1 and Cdc 25 phosphatases in human cells . ^^^ In Xenopus oocytes and early embryos , accumulation of cyclin B activates Cdk 1 , which then phosphorylates and activates the positive regulator Cdc 25 in an autocatalytic feedback loop . ^^^ However , cyclin B levels do not increase as some human cells approach mitosis , and the key factors regulating Cdk 1 activation in human cells are unknown . ^^^ We report here that reducing cyclin A expression by RNA interference ( RNAi ) in primary human fibroblasts inhibited activation of Cdc25B and Cdc25C and dephosphorylation of Cdk 1 on tyrosine ( tyr ) 15 . ^^^ These results suggest that cyclin A / Cdk2 complexes are key regulators of Cdc 25 and Cdk 1 activation in human cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Combination 1 , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D ( 3 ) and bryostatin 1 treatment , resulted in decreased expression of the cyclin dependent kinases Cdk 2 , Cdk 1 , and Cdk 4 , of cyclins E and D 3 , and of the retinoblastoma binding protein ( RBBP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At the molecular level , p 53 , cyclin B ( 1 ) , cyclin A and tyrosine ( 15 ) phosphorylated cdk 1 accumulated after HHV 6A infection , indicating an arrest in G ( 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using affinity chromatography on immobilized p9CKShs1 , we purified CDK 1 and cyclin B from oocyte extracts prepared from both phases and both species . ^^^ In prophase , CDK 1 is present both as an inactive , but Thr 161 phosphorylated monomer , and as an inactive ( Tyr 15 phosphorylated ) heterodimer with cyclin B . ^^^ Prophase to metaphase transition is associated with complete tyrosine dephosphorylation of the cyclin B associated CDK 1 , with phosphorylation of cyclin B , and with dramatic activation of the kinase activity of the CDK1 / cyclin B complex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immortalization in a normal foreskin fibroblast culture following transduction of cyclin A 2 or cdk 1 genes in retroviral vectors . ^^^ Here we report the immortalization of an HDF cell line following transduction with cyclin A 2 or cdk 1 human genes via retroviral vectors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fusion between nonsynchronized cells leads to the formation of heterokarya which transiently activate Cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( Cdk 1 ) / cyclin B 1 and enter the prophase of the cell cycle , where they arrest due to a loss of Cdk1 / cyclin B 1 activity , activate p 53 , disorganize centrosomes , and undergo apoptosis . ^^^ Inhibition of Chk 2 by transfection of a dominant negative Chk 2 mutant or a chemical inhibitor , debromohymenialdesine , stabilizes centrosomes , maintains high cyclin B 1 levels , and allows for a prolonged activation of Cdk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , the expression of various cell cycle related proteins , such as Cdk 4 , cyclin D 1 , PCNA , and Cdk 1 was analyzed in the tissues of regenerating rat liver . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mitotic catastrophe is controlled by numerous molecular players , in particular , cell cycle specific kinases ( such as the cyclin B 1 dependent kinase Cdk 1 , polo like kinases and Aurora kinases ) , cell cycle checkpoint proteins , survivin , p 53 , caspases and members of the Bcl 2 family . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This compensation mechanism employs negative feedback in which the cyclin dependent kinases Cdk 1 and Cdk 2 downregulate the transcription factor dE2F1 . dE2F1 , in turn , positively regulates cyclin E and string / cdc25 , which activate the Cdks to drive cell cycle progression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treatment of BxPC 3 cells with growth suppressive concentrations of BITC resulted in G ( 2 ) / M phase cell cycle arrest that was associated with a marked decline in protein levels of G ( 2 ) / M regulatory proteins including cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( Cdk 1 ) , cyclin B 1 and cell division cycle 25B ( Cdc25B ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In view to verify that oocytes maintain germinal vesicle like molecular activities under roscovitine treatment , we compared in the present study the M phase Promoting Factor ( MPF ) and Mitogen Activated Protein ( MAP ) kinase activities ; protein synthesis and phosphorylation patterns in oocytes and cumulus cells ; and CDK 1 and Cyclin B messengers storage under control culture and under roscovitine inhibition . ^^^ During in vivo maturation , there was a highly significant increase in the relative mRNA level of both cyclin B 1 and CDK 1 whereas during in vitro culture , the relative amount of CDK 1 messenger was reduced . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phosphorylation of PP 1 at Thr 320 by cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( CDK 1 ) causes PP 1 inactivation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Steady state levels of Cyclin B 1 and its associated kinase Cdk 1 were suppressed in a RhoB dependent manner in cells fated to undergo FTI induced apoptosis . ^^^ Our findings suggest that Cyclin B 1 suppression may predict favorable clinical responses to FTI , based on cytotoxic susceptibility , and they suggest a rational strategy to address FTI nonresponders by coinhibition of Cdk 1 activity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Investigation of the levels of cyclin dependent kinases , Cdk 1 and 2 , showed increased levels of Cdk 1 but the levels of Cdk 2 were not effected with aloe emodin in HL 60 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This effect of cyclin B 1 appears to be mediated through the cyclin B1 / cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( Cdk1 / Cdc2 ) complex because overexpression of cyclin B 1 enhances FasL promoter activity , whereas a dominant negative version of Cdk 1 blocks Fas ligand promoter induction . ^^^ We provide further evidence that cyclin B1 / Cdk1 regulates FasL transcription through the regulation of NFkappaB activation because dominant negative Cdk 1 inhibits activation induced NFkappaB reporter and Rel A induced FasL promoter activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cdk 1 cyclin B 1 kinase activity drives oocytes through meiotic maturation . ^^^ Here we used a cyclin B 1 green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) fusion protein to examine the dynamics of cdk 1 cyclin B 1 distribution during meiosis 1 ( MI ) in living mouse oocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
P21Cip1 , cdk 1 , cdk 2 , and cyclin E mRNA expression increased coincident with S phase accumulation in HT 29 cells treated with ZD 9331 or 5fluorouracil / leucovorin , as demonstrated by cDNA microarray analyses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We searched for mitosis phases and performed a comparative evaluation of mitotic index , basic fibroblast growth factor b ( FGFb ) , transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) receptors , cyclin dependent kinase ( CDK 1 ) and Cyclin B expression in fetal , neonate , 3 , 5 , 8 weeks old rats and experimental OA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we show a cell cycle regulatory role of Mcl 1 involving a shortened form of the Mcl 1 polypeptide , primarily localized to the nucleus , which we call snMcl 1 . snMcl 1 interacts with the cell cycle regulatory protein Cdk 1 ( cyclin dependent kinase 1 ; also known as cdc 2 ) in the nucleus , and Cdk 1 bound to snMcl 1 was found to have a lower kinase activity . ^^^ The interaction with Cdk 1 occurs in the absence of its cyclin partners and is enhanced on treatment of cells with G2 / M blocking agents , but not by G1 / S blocking . ^^^ Furthermore , Mcl 1 overexpressing cells had lower total Cdk 1 kinase activity compared with parental cells , in both anti Cdk 1 and anti cyclin B 1 immunoprecipitates . ^^^ The latter results suggest that binding to snMcl 1 alters the ability of Cdk 1 to bind its conventional partner , cyclin B 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Silencing of human Int 6 impairs mitosis progression and inhibits cyclin B Cdk 1 activation . ^^^ These abnormalities of mitosis completion are correlated with an inhibition of cyclin B Cdk 1 kinase activity , due to a prolonged inhibitory phosphorylated state of Cdk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cdk 1 and Cdk 2 complexes ( cyclin dependent kinases ) in apoptosis : a role beyond the cell cycle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Further study revealed that pre incubation with melatonin accelerates the action of MIH on the formation of a complex of two proteins ( MPF ) , a regulatory component called cyclin B and the catalytic component protein kinase known as cyclin dependent kinase , Cdk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In mitosis , phosphorylation of structural proteins by Cdk 1 ( cyclin dependent kinase 1 ) cyclin B , Polo like and mitogen activated protein kinases underlie changes in Golgi reorganization during cell division . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Specifically , BAY reduced the protein expression of p21Cip1 as well as cyclin D 1 , and inhibits the expression of cdc 2 ( cdk 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Resveratrol is able to induce S phase cell arrest and this interference with the cell cycle is associated with an increase of cyclin E and cyclin A , a downregulation of cyclin D 1 , and no alteration in cyclin B 1 and cdk 1 activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By contrast , no significant changes in the levels of cyclin B 1 , CDK 1 or CDK 4 were detected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Low grade superficial papillary tumors induced by activated H ras had no detectable Rb family proteins ( Rb , p 107 , and p 130 ) and late cell cycle cyclins and kinases ( cyclin A , E , and CDK 1 ) , but had increased level of p 16 , p 53 , and MDM 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we compare the specificity of two budding yeast cyclins , the S phase cyclin Clb 5 and the M phase cyclin Clb 2 , in the phosphorylation of 150 Cdk 1 ( Cdc 28 ) substrates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , most BRCA 2 associated carcinomas grouped in a branch composed by ER / PR / BCL2 positive tumors with a higher expression of the cell cycle proteins cyclin D 1 , cyclin D 3 , p 27 , p 16 , p 21 , CDK 4 , CDK 2 and CDK 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we report the involvement of Cdk 5 activator p 35 binding protein C 53 in regulation of apoptosis induced by genotoxic stress through modulating Cdk 1 cyclin B 1 function . ^^^ Overexpression of C 53 promoted Cdk 1 activity and nuclear accumulation of cyclin B 1 , whereas C 53 deficiency led to more cytoplasmic retention of cyclin B 1 , suggesting that C 53 acts as a pivotal player in modulating the G ( 2 ) / M DNA damage checkpoint . ^^^ Finally , C 53 and cyclin B 1 co localize and associate in vivo , indicating a direct role of C 53 in regulating the Cdk 1 cyclin B 1 complex . ^^^ By overriding the G ( 2 ) / M checkpoint mediated inhibition of Cdk 1 cyclin B 1 function , ectopic expression of C 53 may represent a novel approach for chemo and radio sensitization of cancer cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This change is associated with a marked reduction in regulators of S ( cyclin A , cyclin dependent kinase ( cdk ) 2 ) , G2 / M ( cyclin B 1 , cdk 1 , cdc25c ) and G 1 ( cyclin D 1 , cyclin E , cdk 2 , cdk 4 ) phase , and an increase in p 21 and p 27 level . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Cyclin dependent kinase ( CDK ) Activating Kinase ( CAK ) is responsible for the activating phosphorylation of CDK 1 , CDK 2 , CDK 4 and CDK 6 and regulation of the cell cycle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Additionally , PTHrP reduced cyclin D 1 CDK4 / CDK6 and CDK 1 kinase activities . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of myr Akt also led to an increase in the protein and mRNA levels of CDK 1 and cyclin B 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In eukaryotes , entry into mitosis is induced by cyclin B bound Cdk 1 , which is held in check by the protein kinase , Wee 1 . ^^^ Mitotic cyclin ( Clb 2 ) bound Cdc 28 ( Cdk 1 homolog ) directly phosphorylated Swe 1 and this modification served as a priming step to promote subsequent Cdc 5 dependent Swe 1 hyperphosphorylation and degradation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Genes expressed more abundantly in R+ cells are associated with ( 1 ) tumour growth and metastasis including , betaigH 3 , mts 1 , igfbp 5 protease , and mystique ; ( 2 ) cell division , including cyclin A 1 and cdk 1 ; ( 3 ) signal transduction , including pkcdeltabp and lmw ptp ; and ( 4 ) metabolism including ATPase H+ transporter and ferritin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our present study focused on the expression and prognostic significance of cyclin A 1 and a panel of cell cycle regulatory proteins including cyclin A 2 , cyclin B 1 , cyclin E , CDK 1 , CDK 2 , p 21 and p 27 in bone marrow samples from 40 patients with AML . ^^^ However , expression of cyclin A 2 , cyclin B 1 , cyclin E , CDK 1 , CDK 2 , p 21 and p 27 did not show prognostic significance in these AML patients . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although CDK 2 activity was not directly involved in paclitaxel sensitivity , cyclin A associated kinases did up regulate CDK 1 via phosphorylation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Additional data shows that adenoviral delivery of antisense CaSm inhibits the growth of prostate cancer cell lines by altering cell cycle progression , and is associated with reduced expression of cyclin B 1 and CDK 1 proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Drosophila Cks30A interacts with Cdk 1 to target Cyclin A for destruction in the female germline . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both cyclin A / Cdk2 and Cdk 1 efficiently phosphorylated the CDP / Cux ( Cdc 6 ) mutant and inhibited its DNA binding activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CDC25B that is responsible for the activation of CDK 1 cyclin B 1 is regulated by phosphorylation . ^^^ We show that accumulation of the S 353 phosphorylated form of CDC25B at the centrosome correlates with the relocalization of cyclin B 1 to the nucleus and the activation of CDK 1 at entry into mitosis . ^^^ These results strongly suggest that Aurora A mediated phosphorylation of CDC25B at the centrosome is an important step contributing to the earliest events inducing mitosis , upstream of CDK 1 cyclin B 1 activation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Curcumin induced cell cycle arrest by reducing the expression of cyclin D 1 , Cdk 1 and Cdc25C and apoptosis by reducing the expression of XIAP and survivin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In eukaryotes , G ( 2 ) / M transition is induced by the activation of cyclin B bound Cdk 1 , which is held in check by the protein kinase , Wee 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cks30A interacts with Cdk 1 to target cyclin A for destruction in the female germline , possibly through the activation of a novel germline specific CDC 20 protein , Cortex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Over expression of Aurora A targets cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein and promotes mRNA polyadenylation of Cdk 1 and cyclin B 1 . ^^^ We found that polyadenylation of mRNA tails of cyclin B 1 and Cdk 1 was synergistically stimulated when Aurora A and h CPEB were over expressed , and they were further promoted in the presence of an Aurora A activator Ajuba . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A series of molecular pathological investigations of the molecules that stimulate the cyclin dependent kinases ( CDK 1 , 2 , 4 , and 6 ) have led to enormous accumulation of knowledge of the clinical significance of these molecules for cancer diagnosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In G2 / M phase , ECT 2 was phosphorylated at T 341 most likely by Cyclin B / Cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( Cdk 1 ) , and then dephosphorylated before cytokinesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Readily detectable expression of the cyclin dependent kinases Cdk 1 and Cdk 2 , two common partners for the A type cyclins , was observed in granulosa cells and oocytes at all stages of folliculogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DmORC is a substrate for both Cdk 2 10 cyclin E and Cdk 1 10 cyclin B in vitro . ^^^ Such phosphorylation of DmORC by Cdk 2 10 cyclin E , but not by Cdk 1 10 cyclin B , requires an `` RXL ' ' motif in DmOrc1p . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recent work revisits the idea that CDK 1 , in conjunction with cyclin E , participates in S phase entry as well . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Further , three dimensional time lapse microscopy and quantification of Cdk 1 phosphorylation versus cyclin B 1 levels in individual cells revealed that Cdc25A and B exert specific functions in the initiation of mitosis : Cdc25A may play a role in chromatin condensation , whereas Cdc25B specifically activates cyclin B 1 Cdk1 on centrosomes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These procedures identified > 60 MGMT interacting proteins with diverse functions including those involved in DNA replication and repair ( MCM 2 , PCNA , ORC 1 , DNA polymerase delta , MSH 2 , and DNA dependent protein kinase ) , cell cycle progression ( CDK 1 , cyclin B , CDK 2 , CDC 7 , CDC 10 , 14 3 3 protein , and p 21 ( waf1 / cip1 ) ) , RNA processing and translation ( poly ( A ) binding protein , nucleolin , heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins , A2 / B1 , and elongation factor 1alpha ) , several histones ( H 4 , H3 . 4 , and H2A . 1 ) , and topoisomerase 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , at least four regulatory and structural proteins ( Cdk 1 , cyclin B 1 , PML and lamin B 1 ) differ in their presence in RB and RF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using tissue microarrays ( TMAs ) , we have analysed the immuno expression of Ki 67 , Bcl 2 , Bax , cyclin D 1 , cyclin D 3 , CDK 1 , CDK 2 , CDK 6 , p 16 , p 21 , and p 27 in a series of 205 carcinomas of the large bowel , breast , lung and prostate ( 80 , 73 , 37 and 15 cases , respectively ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin B 1 is the regulatory subunit of cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( Cdk 1 ) and is critical for the initiation of mitosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The priming phosphorylation requires the Cdk 1 complex , whose cyclin subunits are indirect Sonic hedgehog targets . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In amphibian oocytes , it is known that germinal vesicle ( GV ) materials are essential for sperm head decondensation but not for activation of MPF ( CDK 1 and cyclin B ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This conferred decreased phosphorylation of Erk1 / 2 and reduced cyclin dependent kinase ( CDK 1 ) activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Of the two MPF components , CDK 1 and cyclin B 1 , the amount of the latter was significantly reduced in anuclear halves , a reduction due to low level synthesis and not to enhanced degradation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the detections of protein expression and kinase activity , all protein levels of cyclin dependent kinases ( CDKs ) and cyclins are not reduced except cyclin D , however , CDK 2 ( G 1 entry S phase ) and CDK 1 ( G 2 entry M phase ) enzyme activities are inhibited by conditionally inducible PADI 4 . p 53 also expands its other downstream Bax to induce cytochrome c release from mitochondria . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
With arsenic trioxide exposure , both cell lines were arrested at the S G2 / M phase with the increase of cyclin B expression and CDK 1 activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Regarding cell cyclerelated proteins , peonidin 3 glucoside treatment resulted in down regulation of protein levels of cyclin dependent kinase ( CDK ) 1 , CDK 2 , cyclin B 1 , and cyclin E , whereas cyanidin 3 glucoside could decrease the protein levels of CDK 1 , CDK 2 , cyclin B 1 , and cyclin D 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Dual regulation of the anaphase promoting complex in human cells by cyclin A Cdk 2 and cyclin A Cdk 1 complexes . ^^^ Using Plk 1 protein level as readout of APC activity , we show that APC is inactivated during S phase in human cells by both cyclin A Cdk 2 and cyclin A Cdk 1 complexes . ^^^ Although Cdk 2 is the dominant partner of cyclin A in these settings , cyclin A also binds Cdk 1 . ^^^ These results provide further evidence that cyclin A Cdk 2 and Cdk 1 complexes display overlapping and partially redundant roles in preparing cells for mitosis , through regulation of the APC . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of the cell cycle regulatory proteins demonstrated that squamocin did not change the steady state levels of Cdk 2 , Cdk 4 , cyclin A , cyclin B 1 , cyclin D 3 and cyclin E , but decreased the protein levels of Cdk 1 and Cdc25C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin B 2 phosphorylation , Cdk 1 Tyr15 dephosphorylation as well as p 39 ( Mos ) accumulation , Xp 42 ( Mpk 1 ) and p 90 ( Rsk ) phosphorylation induced by progesterone were also delayed by incubation of oocyte in NH ( 4 ) Cl . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The phosphorylation was suppressed by treatment of cells with olomoucine of an inhibitor specific for cyclin dependent kinase ( Cdk 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In SNU 5 cells treated with 25 200 micromol / L berberine , G2 / M cell cycle arrest was observed which was associated with a marked increment of the expression of p 53 , Wee 1 and CDk 1 proteins and decreased cyclin B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A treatment of MCF 7 cells with 30 microM CAI caused a time dependent decrease in the levels of proteins that regulate G ( 2 ) / M progression , including Cdk 1 , Cyclin B 1 , and Cdc25C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , p 21 ( Cip1 / Waf1 ) was enhanced , and cyclin A , B 1 and cdk 1 decreased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we test this hypothesis for mitotic exit , which is regulated by degradation of the cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( Cdk 1 ) activator , cyclin B . ^^^ Application of chemical Cdk 1 inhibitors to cells in mitosis induces cytokinesis and other normal aspects of mitotic exit , including cyclin B degradation . ^^^ However , if after mitotic exit , the Cdk 1 inhibitor is washed free from cells in which cyclin B degradation is blocked , the cells can revert back to M phase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin B / CDC2 ( CDK 1 ) stabilization and caspase 3 activation persisted in arsenite treated p 53 cells consistent with MAAA / mitotic catastrophe . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we validate CDK 1 and CDK 2 as potential therapeutic targets using novel selective small molecule inhibitors of cyclin B1 / CDK1 and cyclin E2 / CDK2 enzyme complexes ( CDKi ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , the effects of the naturally occurring berberine ( the major constituent of Coptis chinensis ) on the cell cycle , as well as on CDK 1 , cyclin B 1 , 14 3 3sigma , Wee 1 and Cdc25c expressions , were investigated in the human promyelocytic leukemia HL 60 cells and in the murine myelomonocytic leukemia WEHI 3 cells . ^^^ The berberine induced G2 / M phase arrest in both examined cell lines was accompanied by increased levels of Wee 1 and 14 3 3sigma , but decreased levels of Cdc25c , CDK 1 and cyclin B 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We next demonstrate that downregulation of BRCA 1 reduces the mitotic index and triggers premature cyclin B 1 degradation and decrease in Cdk 1 activity following paclitaxel treatment , suggesting that BRCA 1 downregulation results in precocious inactivation of the spindle checkpoint . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , down regulation of CDK 2 , CDK 4 , and cyclin D 1 was observed in PC 3 cells treated with 1 , 000 nmol / L of MONCPT , whereas overexpression of CDK 7 , CDK 1 , and cyclin B 1 was seen in PC 3 cells treated with 10 and 100 nmol / L of MONCPT . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A recently published work indicates that cyclin E Cdk 1 compensates for Cdk 2 ' s function at G1 / S transition in Cdk 2 ( / ) Mefs . ^^^ When either Cdk 2 or Cdk 1 is ablated using RNAi , there were complex shifts of cyclin A towards its reciprocal partner , i . e . , when Cdk 2 is ablated , cyclin A redistributes to Cdk 1 ; when Cdk 1 is ablated , cyclin A forms more abundant complexes with Cdk 2 . ^^^ Further , cyclin B redistributes to Cdk 2 upon Cdk 1 knockdown . ^^^ The results suggest that the redistributed complexes contribute to the cyclin B Cdk 1 activation when either Cdk 1 or Cdk 2 alone is ablated and this redundancy masks Cdk 2 ' s role when Cdk 2 is singly ablated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Further investigation into the mechanism revealed that Cd treatment led to down modulation of cyclin dependent kinases , Cdk 1 and Cdk 2 , apparently by elevating the expression of cyclin kinase inhibitors , KIP1 / p27 and WAF1 / p21 . ^^^ Based on these observations , it appears that Cd causes G2 / M phase arrest in NRK 52E cells via elevation of p 53 activity , increasing the expression of cyclin kinase inhibitors p 27 and p 21 , and decreasing the expression of cyclin dependent kinases Cdk 1 and 2 , and of cyclins A and B . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the presence of unattached / weakly attached kinetochores , the spindle assembly checkpoint ( SAC ) delays exit from mitosis by preventing the anaphase promoting complex ( APC ) mediated proteolysis of cyclin B , a regulatory subunit of cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( Cdk 1 ) . ^^^ In yeast , and likely Drosophila , this occurs through an `` adaptation ' ' process involving an inhibitory phosphorylation on Cdk 1 and / or activation of a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor ( Cdki ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
More cdk 1 protein and kinase activities were observed in cyclin A 1 induced cells than in GFP control induced cells . ^^^ Thus , cyclin A 1 might mediate apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe through an unscheduled or inappropriate activation of cdk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , HS doses of 500 ng / ml also downregulated retinoblastoma , Cyclin A and CDK 1 protein expression , indicating that high doses of osteoblast HS negatively regulate cell cycle , resulting in growth arrest ; when high doses of HS were withdrawn after a prolonged period , linear cell growth was reestablished . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the absence of Cyclin A , premature Fizzy related / Cdh1 activity results in the premature degradation of the Cdk 1 activators Cyclin B and Cyclin B 3 , and apparently of String / Cdc25 phosphatase as well . ^^^ However , entry into terminal mitoses can be restored by the simultaneous expression of versions of Cyclin B and Cyclin B 3 without destruction boxes , along with a Cdk 1 mutant that escapes inhibitory phosphorylation on T 14 and Y 15 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Synthesis of 2 amino 4 ( 7 azaindol 3 yl ) pyrimidines as cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( CDK 1 ) inhibitors . ^^^ A novel series of 2 amino 4 ( 7 azaindol 3 yl ) pyrimidines was discovered as cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( CDK 1 ) inhibitors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In rats , treatment with 2 ME abrogated injury induced neointima formation ; decreased proliferating SMCs ; downregulated expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) , c myc , cyclin D ( 1 ) , cyclin B ( 1 ) , phosphorylated Akt , phosphorylated ERK1 / 2 , p 21 , and pRb ; inhibited cdk 1 and cdk 4 activity ; and upregulated expression of cyclooxygenase ( COX ) 2 and p 27 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of cyclin A , cyclin B 1 , cdk 1 , and cdc25C , as well as the cdk 1 associated kinase activities , is upregulated after DNA damage , provoking a mutant p53 / NF Y dependent increase in DNA synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Unreplicated or damaged DNA blocks the progression of the cell cycle at checkpoints , including a late G 1 checkpoint regulated by the dephosphorylated retinoblastoma protein and a late G 2 checkpoint regulated by the phosphorylation of cyclin dependent kinase 1 complexed with cyclin B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression and prognostic role of cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( cdc 2 ) in hepatocellular carcinoma . ^^^ The expression of cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( cdc 2 ) , cyclin A and cyclin B 1 was immunohistochemically studied in 101 hepatocellular carcinomas ( HCC ) . cdc 2 overexpression was directly related to advanced stage , portal invasion , intrahepatic metastasis , poor differentiation , high alpha fetoprotein level , large size , high Ki 67 labeling index and poor prognosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cohesins can also dissociate from chromatin in the absence of cyclin dependent kinase 1 activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These events were associated with increases in the protein levels of cyclin B 1 , cyclin D 1 , cyclin E , cyclin dependent kinase 1 , cyclin dependent kinase 2 , proliferating cell nuclear antigen , and p 21 ( Cip 1 ) in vivo and in vitro , whereas inhibition of the PI 3 kinase signaling pathway with either rapamycin or wortmannin blocked the upregulation of these cell cycle proteins , but not mRNA , and arrested the cells in vitro before S phase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Frog oocytes contain a pool of inactive `` pre MPF ' ' consisting of cyclin dependent kinase 1 bound to B type cyclins , of which we now find three previously unsuspected members , cyclins B 3 , B 4 and B 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The G0 / G1 block caused by celecoxib could be attributed to a decreased expression of cyclin A , cyclin B 1 , and cyclin dependent kinase 1 and an increased expression of the cell cycle inhibitory proteins p21Waf1 and p27Kip1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The amyloid beta peptide binds to cyclin B 1 and increases human cyclin dependent kinase 1 activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( Cdc 2 ) / cyclin B 1 complex performs cardinal roles for eukaryotic mitotic progression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have previously found that the overexpression of p 53 causes G ( 2 ) arrest and represses the synthesis of cyclin dependent kinase 1 and cyclin B 1 , two proteins required for cells to traverse from G ( 2 ) into M . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Some of the down regulated genes include proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) , retinoblastoma susceptibility related protein p 130 ( pRb ) , cell division control protein 2 homolog ( cdc 2 ) , cyclin B 1 , cell division control protein 20 homolog ( p55cdc ) , high mobility group ( HMG ) 1 and 2 and several others . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The factor is multiply phosphorylated by three different protein kinases , protein kinase C , casein kinase 2 and cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( CDKI ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analyses were also carried out on the drug induced modulation of cell cycle regulators and proliferation markers ( cyclin dependent kinase 1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ) . ^^^ F L Leu and celecoxib each reduced the cyclin dependent kinase 1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in the tumor . ^^^ Higher down regulation was attained in all tissues by combined treatment where cyclin dependent kinase 1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen almost retained the expression levels observed in the normal glands . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we investigated the expression of these modulators , cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( cdc 2 ) , and G 2 cyclins , cyclin A and cyclin B 1 , in primary thyroid lymphoma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , a hypothesis is put forward that Plk 1 plays a critical role in the development of prostate cancer ; and the silencing of Plk 1 will result in elimination of human CaP cells via an inactivation of cyclin dependent kinase 1 ( Cdc 2 ) / cyclin B 1 mediated mitotic arrest followed by apoptosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , cyclin dependent kinase 1 activity , cyclin B 1 protein , and Polo like kinase 1 protein turnover remained intact when JNK was inhibited . ^^^ This evidence suggests that JNK 2 functions in maintaining the genomic stability of mammalian cells by signaling that is independent of cyclin dependent kinase 1 / cyclin B 1 down regulation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : The protein endothelial cell growth factor 1 ( platelet derived ) , rhotekin protein ( RTKN ) , septin 1 , cyclin dependent kinase 1 , sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 11 , tyrosinase related protein 2 , translin like protein , and DNA directed RNA polymerase 2 polypeptide J related gene isoform 2 appeared in metastatic but were not detected in non metastatic cell lines , whereas integrin linked kinase associated protein phosphatase 2C isoform 2 , MHC class 1 promoter binding protein , protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B ' ( PR 53 ) , carboxypeptidase A 5 , paired box transcription factor , zinc finger protein 79 , and apolipoprotein B 48 were detected in non metastatic but were absent in metastatic cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It has long been assumed that active MPF ( a dimer of cyclin B and cyclin dependent kinase 1 ) induces exit from mitosis by activating APC : Cdc 20 , a ubiquitin ligase responsible for cyclin B degradation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of cyclin A , cyclin B 1 and cyclin dependent kinase 1 , the regulators required for the progression from G 2 to mitosis , were all decreased by these fatty acids ( western blot ) . ^^^ Since omega 3 fatty acids had no effect on the S phase , thus ruling out an involvement of cyclin A in their anti proliferative effect , we examined whether the regulation of the cyclin dependent kinase 1 cyclin B 1 complex was altered . ^^^ Upon omega 3 fatty acids treatment , cyclin B 1 phosphorylation was inhibited and the expression of the cell division cycle 25C phosphatase , which dephosphorylates cyclin dependent kinase 1 , was decreased . ^^^ We conclude that the anti proliferative effect of omega 3 fatty acids occurs via the regulation of the cyclin dependent kinase 1 cyclin B 1 complex . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression levels of cyclin dependent kinase 2 and cyclin A , as well as cyclin dependent kinase 1 and cyclin B , were decreased by TH , and after withdrawal not only did these regulators of Rb phosphorylation and mitosis increase in their expression but so too did the D 1 and D 3 cyclins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As shown previously , we find that spindle depolymerisation by nocodazole inhibits first polar body extrusion ( PBE ) and stabilises cyclin B and cyclin dependent kinase 1 activity in mouse oocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Levels of cyclins , cyclin dependent kinase 1 and other enzyme were examined by Western blotting methods . ^^^ AE increased the levels of Wee 1 and cdc25c , and may have led to inhibition of the levels of cyclin dependent kinase 1 and cyclin B 1 , which cause G2 / M arrest . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Maturation promoting factor ( MPF ) , a complex of cyclin dependent kinase 1 and cyclin B , drives oocyte maturation in all animals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Co expression of E1A / E1B and hCDC 5 induced nuclear localization of cyclin dependent kinase 1 and cyclin B 1 , and was sufficient to promote mitotic entry as determined by an increase in mitotic index only in co infected cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These effects on cell cycle were accompanied with modulations in the protein levels of cyclin ( B 1 , E , and A ) and cdc 2 and cyclin dependent kinase 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This effect was associated with a reduction in the expression of regulatory proteins of G ( 2 ) M ( cyclin dependent kinase 1 and cdc25c ) and S ( cyclin A ) phases , and with an increase in the expression of apoptosis related proteins , such as p 53 and p 21 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phosphorylation of STAT 3 serine 727 by cyclin dependent kinase 1 is critical for nocodazole induced mitotic arrest . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The function of these proteins in the cell cycle has been conserved to the extent that p 34 protein kinase and cyclin genes are , in some cases , interchangeable between organisms . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , MPF was identified as a cdc 2 cyclin protein complex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hyperactivation of cdc 2 kinase by the addition of cyclin A has no effect on the activity or oscillatory behavior of Eg 1 . ^^^ These results indicate that Eg 1 is regulated by a cell cycle clock independently of cyclin and cdc 2 kinase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Oscillation of MPF is accompanied by periodic association between cdc 25 and cdc 2 cyclin B . ^^^ However , p 72 directly associates with cdc 2 cyclin B in a cell cycle dependent manner , reaching a peak at M phase . ^^^ These results suggest that the mechanism by which cdc 25 triggers cdc 2 activation involves a periodic physical association between cdc 25 and the cyclin B cdc 2 complex and also that mitotic control can be affected by mechanisms other than transcriptional regulation of the cdc 25 gene . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin A binds both cdk 2 and cdc 2 , giving two distinct cyclin A kinase activities , one appearing in S phase , the other in G 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Anti PSTAIR antibody recognizing cdc 2 kinase cross reacted with the 33 kDa and 34 kDa proteins , while the 46 kDa and 48 kDa bands cross reacted with monoclonal antibodies raised against cyclin B . ^^^ The 33 kDa protein was also recognized by an antibody against a goldfish cdk 2 ( Eg 1 ) kinase , a cdc 2 related kinase which has the PSTAIR sequence and binds to p13suc1 but does not form a complex with cyclin B . ^^^ These results strongly suggest that M H1K consists of cdc 2 kinase forming a complex with cyclin B , and that cdk 2 kinase is not a component of M H1K , although it is found in the highly purified M H1K . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One of the major RPA kinases present in extracts of human cells was purified and shown to be the cyclin B cdc 2 complex . ^^^ This purified kinase , and a closely related cyclin A associated cdc 2 like kinase , phosphorylated RPA p 34 on a subset of the chymotryptic peptides that were phosphorylated in vivo at the G 1 S transition . ^^^ Thus , one or more members of the cyclin cdc 2 kinase family may be required for the initiation and maintenance of S phase , in part due to their ability to phosphorylate and activate a cellular DNA replication factor , RPA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
G 1 cyclins regulate START by activating Cdc 28 , the p 34 protein kinase , involving physical association between the cyclin and the kinase catalytic subunit . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Each of the cdc 2 mutants was also assayed by coinjection with cyclin B 1 or c mosXe RNA into oocytes . ^^^ Several of the cdc 2 mutants were found to affect the kinetics of cyclin B 1 and / or mos induced GVBD upon coinjection , although none affected the rate of progesterone induced maturation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using extracts prepared from cycloheximide arrested interphase cells , we show that although p42MAPK activation can occur in response to cyclin activated cdc 2 , the Ras induced activation of p42MAPK occurs without intervening cdc 2 activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , cells synchronized in late G 1 by exposure to the drug mimosine contain active cyclin A / p34 CDC 2 kinase , indicating that p 34 CDC2 activation can occur before DNA synthesis begins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Exit from metaphase of the cell cycle requires inactivation of MPF , a stoichiometric complex between the cdc 2 catalytic and the cyclin B regulatory subunits , as well as that of cyclin A cdc 2 kinase . ^^^ Inactivation of both complexes depends on proteolytic degradation of the cyclin subunit , yet cyclin proteolysis is not sufficient to inactivate the H 1 kinase activity of cdc 2 . ^^^ Here we report that inhibition of both type 1 and type 2A phosphatases by okadaic acid allows cyclin degradation to occur , but prevents cdc 2 kinase inactivation . ^^^ Complete inhibition of type 2A phosphatase alone is not sufficient to prevent cdc 2 kinase inactivation following cyclin proteolysis . ^^^ We show further that residue 161 of cdc 2 is phosphorylated in active cyclin A or cyclin B complexes at metaphase , whilst unassociated cdc 2 is not phosphorylated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The post translational modifications leading to cdc 2 kinase activation by cyclin occur in the insoluble form . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Protein cdk 2 binds to p13sucl , the fission yeast suc1+ gene product , but not to cyclin B , with which cdc 2 forms a complex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results can be summarized as follows : ( 1 ) the activation of the IGF 1 receptor by its ligand , IGF 1 , is an obligatory step in the proliferation of fibroblasts and hemopoietic cells ; and ( 2 ) the expression of DNA synthesis genes , such as PCNA , DNA polymerase alpha , and cdc 2 , is dependent on the expression of previous genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CDK 2 encodes a 33 kDa cyclin A associated protein kinase and is expressed before CDC 2 in the cell cycle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , we show that greater than 75 % of the new cdc 2 complexes with cyclin , suggesting that a majority of the new cdc 2 functions as MPF . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By contrast , other proline directed Ser / Thr kinases such as p 34 ( cdc 2 ) combined with cyclin A or B have only minor effects on tau phosphorylation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin A cdc 2 kinase does not trigger but delays cyclin degradation in interphase extracts of amphibian eggs . ^^^ Purified cyclin B cdc 2 kinase has been shown previously to trigger cyclin degradation in interphase frog extracts by initiating a cascade of reactions that includes cyclin ubiquitinylation and ends with proteolysis . ^^^ However , cyclin A cdc 2 kinase was not assayed in these early experiments . ^^^ Here we have shown that full length recombinant human cyclin A failed to induce cyclin degradation when it was added to frog extracts free of cyclin B , although it formed an active kinase complex with Xenopus cdc 2 . ^^^ A highly purified kinase complex containing a truncated human cyclin A and starfish cdc 2 also failed to switch on the cyclin degradation pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The purified weel protein phosphorylated the tyrosine residue of cdc 2 kinase in HeLa cell extracts in the presence of human cyclin B 1 . ^^^ These data indicate that human p50weel is tyrosine kinase and that it phosphorylated the tyrosine residue of the amino terminal of cdc 2 kinase in the presence of cyclin B 1 and that the threonine residue is phosphorylated by another , unknown kinase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In eukaryotic cells , the onset of mitosis involves cyclin molecules which interact with proteins of the cdc 2 family to produce active kinases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin A potentiates maturation promoting factor activation in the early Xenopus embryo via inhibition of the tyrosine kinase that phosphorylates cdc 2 . ^^^ Cyclin A was found to form a major complex with cdc 2 , and to bind cdk2 / Eg1 only poorly . ^^^ We conclude that formation of an active cyclin A cdc 2 kinase during early development escapes an inhibitory mechanism that delays formation of an active cyclin B cdc 2 kinase . ^^^ Okadaic acid ( OA ) activated cyclin B cdc 2 kinase and strongly reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of cyclin B associated cdc 2 , even in the presence of vanadate . 6 dimethylamino purine , a reported inhibitor of serine threonine kinases , suppressed OA dependent activation of cyclin B cdc 2 complexes . ^^^ We also found that cyclin B or cyclin A cdc 2 kinases can induce or accelerate conversion of the cyclin B cdc 2 complex from an inactive into an active kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results demonstrate that the treatment of asynchronous cells with 20 Gy ionizing radiation is associated with transient down regulation of the cdc 2 , cyclin A , cyclin B , and cdc 25 genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have analyzed the cell cycle regulation of human cyclin dependent kinase 2 ( CDK 2 ) , a protein closely related to the cell cycle regulatory protein kinase CDC 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A third H 1 kinase with stable activity at the nonpermissive temperature is comprised of cyclin A and a cdc 2 like 34 kD subunit , which is immunoreactive with anti ' ' PSTAIR ' ' antiserum but is not recognized with antiserum specific for the COOH terminus of p34cdc2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Purified , active , cdc 2 kinase / cyclin B complex in itself is not effective for activation of MT nucleation , although some interphase SPBs are now stained with MPM 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
M phase promoting factor ( MPF ) consists of a p34cdc2 ( cdc 2 ) kinase and cyclin B complex which in its active form promotes G 2 to M transition . ^^^ For this purpose , we measured cdc 2 kinase activity relative to cdc 2 and cyclin B protein turnover and the phosphorylation status of cdc 2 . ^^^ Inhibition was not due to decreased levels of cdc 2 or cyclin B protein ; rather , G 2 arrest correlated with the accumulation of both tyrosine phosphorylated cdc 2 and cyclin B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Regulation of BALB / c 3T3 fibroblast proliferation by B myb is accompanied by selective activation of cdc 2 and cyclin D 1 expression . ^^^ Constitutive expression of B myb cDNA was accompanied by activation of cyclin D 1 and cdc 2 expression but not of cyclin A and cyclin B . ^^^ These results suggest that the B myb encoded product regulates fibroblast proliferation by activating cdc 2 and cyclin D 1 gene expression and that abnormal expression of cyclin D 1 might be a step in the process of transformation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human cyclin B 1 bound cdc 2 kinase phosphorylated the threonine residue in the sequence Thr Pro Lys Lys Ala but hardly phosphorylated it in the sequence Thr Pro Lys Ala Lys . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PRAD 1 encodes a novel type of cyclin protein and thus may normally function in controlling the cell cycle , perhaps through direct interaction with cdc 2 or a related kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cell Biol . 115 : 1 17 ) , the data presented here suggest that separation in two distinct cellular compartments of the cdc 25 phosphatase and its substrate p34cdc2 cyclin B may be of importance in the regulation of the cdc 2 kinase activity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This G 0 G1 arrest was accompanied by down regulation of the cell cycle regulatory genes cdc 2 , cyclin A , cyclin B , and cdc 25 . ^^^ Results obtained from mRNA half life studies demonstrate that the stability of cdc 2 , cyclin A , cyclin B , and cdc 25 transcripts is similar in control and TPA treated U 937 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pertinent patterns in the cdc 2 proteins were searched , and mapped to the 90 210 region ( numbering from cdc 2 of S . pombe ) which correlates well with the putative cyclin binding domain of the cdc 2 proteins . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human CDC 2 , cyclin dependent kinase 2 ( CDK 2 ) , cyclin A , and cyclin B 1 were produced in insect cells by infection with recombinant baculoviruses . ^^^ CDC 2 or CDK 2 monomers in lysates of infected cells could be activated by the addition of lysates containing cyclin A or B 1 . ^^^ CDC 2 activation by cyclin B 1 , as well as CDK 2 activation by cyclins A and B 1 , was accompanied by the formation of high molecular weight complexes . ^^^ In contrast , CDC 2 did not bind effectively to cyclin A . ^^^ CDC 2 activation by cyclin B 1 was studied in detail and was found to be accompanied by phosphorylation of CDC 2 on Threonine 161 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the role of cyclin B phosphorylation , we replaced putative cdc 2 kinase phosphorylation sites in Xenopus cyclins B 1 and B 2 by using oligonucleotide site directed mutagenesis . ^^^ These results indicate that the phosphorylation of Xenopus B type cyclins by cdc 2 kinase or MAP kinase is not required for the hallmark functions of cyclin . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Okadaic acid mimics a nuclear component required for cyclin B cdc 2 kinase microinjection to drive starfish oocytes into M phase . ^^^ G 2 arrested oocytes contain cdc 2 kinase as an inactive cyclin B cdc 2 complex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Purified MPF is an heterodimer formed of two polypeptides p34cdc2 an homologue of the product of the gene cdc 2 and p45cdc13 or cyclin an homologue of the product of the gene cdc 13 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Injection of synthetic mRNA of starfish cyclin caused GVBD in immature oocytes of starfish and Xenopus , while injection of synthetic mRNA of human CDC 2 had no effect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Distinct nuclear and spindle pole body population of cyclin cdc 2 in fission yeast . ^^^ Treatment of cells with the antimicrotubule drug thiabendazole prevents cyclin degradation and blocks the tyrosine dephosphorylation and activation of cdc 2 . ^^^ These results suggest a key regulatory role of the cdc 2 cyclin complex in the initiation of mitotic spindle formation and also that mitotic microtubule function is required for cdc 2 activation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of both CDC 2 and cyclin A was dramatically downregulated upon terminal differentiation of neurons in vivo and in a neuronal precursor cell line , ST15A . p 53 mRNA expression was also downregulated but to a lesser extent ; RB mRNA levels were unchanged during neuronal differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These findings indicate that carp MPF is a complex of cdc 2 kinase and cyclin B , and further that active MPF contains the phosphorylated form of cdc 2 kinase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the oocyte cyclin B 2 is already present in two forms which differ in the extent of phosphorylation , but the phosphorylated form becomes predominant as oocytes progress towards germinal vesicle breakdown ( GVBD ) , coincident with cdc 2 protein kinase activation . ^^^ These two events do not depend upon formation of a new complex between cyclin and cdc 2 protein kinase , since these two proteins are already found associated in resting oocytes , prior to activation of the kinase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Addition of 25 nM cyclin A to activated Xenopus egg extracts arrested in the cell cycle by treatment with RNase or emetine activates cdc 2 kinase to the normal metaphase level and stimulates one oscillatory cell cycle . ^^^ High levels of cyclin A cause marked hyperactivation of cdc 2 kinase and a stable arrest at the metaphase point in the cell cycle . ^^^ Kinetic studies demonstrate the concentration of cyclin A added does not affect the 10 min lag period required for kinase activation or the timing of maximal activity , but does control the rate of deactivation of cdc 2 kinase during exit from mitosis . ^^^ These results define a system for investigating the biochemistry and regulation of cdc 2 kinase activation by cyclin A . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Modeling the cell division cycle : cdc 2 and cyclin interactions . ^^^ The proteins cdc 2 and cyclin form a heterodimer ( maturation promoting factor ) that controls the major events of the cell cycle . ^^^ A mathematical model for the interactions of cdc 2 and cyclin is constructed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin B protein binds to cdc 2 , resulting in histone kinase activity which is necessary for the initiation of mitosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human cyclin E , a new cyclin that interacts with two members of the CDC 2 gene family . ^^^ Cyclin E produced in E . coli bound and activated the CDC 2 protein in extracts from human G 1 cells , and antibodies against cyclin E immunoprecipitated a histone H 1 kinase from HeLa cells . ^^^ The interactions between cyclin E and CDC 2 , or CDK 2 , may be important at the G 1 to S transition in human cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cell cycle expression studies , using synchronized cells , show that expression of both the PCNA ( POL 30 ) and the DNA polymerase delta ( POL 3 , or CDC 2 ) genes of yeast are regulated in an identical fashion to that of the DNA polymerase alpha ( POL 1 ) gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A minimal cascade model for the mitotic oscillator involving cyclin and cdc 2 kinase . ^^^ In the first cycle of the bicyclic cascade model , cyclin promotes the activation of cdc 2 kinase through reversible dephosphorylation , and in the second cycle , cdc 2 kinase activates a cyclin protease by reversible phosphorylation . ^^^ That cyclin activates cdc 2 kinase while the kinase triggers the degradation of cyclin has suggested that oscillations may originate from such a negative feedback loop [ Flix , M . ^^^ This conjecture is corroborated by the model , which indicates that sustained oscillations of the limit cycle type can arise in the cascade , provided that a threshold exists in the activation of cdc 2 kinase by cyclin and in the activation of cyclin proteolysis by cdc 2 kinase . ^^^ The analysis shows how miototic oscillations may readily arise from time lags associated with these thresholds and from the delayed negative feedback provided by cdc 2 induced cyclin degradation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sea urchin cyclin B lacking an N terminal domain is stable , permanently activates cdc 2 kinase , resulting in mitotic arrest , and permanently activates the destruction pathway acting on full length cyclin B . ^^^ Both cyclin A delta 60 and B delta 97 bind to cdc 2 kinase , keep it hyperactivated and block the completion of mitosis . ^^^ This functional difference between the two cyclin types , the first to be described , provides strong support for the idea that the two cyclins have different roles in the cell cycle and suggests that one specialized role of the cyclin B cdc 2 complex is to activate the cyclin destruction pathway and drive cells into interphase of the next cell cycle . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Microinjection of anti cdc25A antibodies into HeLa cells causes their arrest in mitosis . cdc25A and cdc25B display endogenous tyrosine phosphatase activity that is stimulated several fold , in the absence of cdc 2 , by stoichiometric addition of either cyclin B 1 or B 2 but not A or D 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The complex of E1A associated proteins included a 33 kDa ATP binding protein , similar in size to a cyclin A associated cdc 2 kinase family member . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The periodic activation of cdc 2 kinase , which is required for entry into M phase , is regulated by subunit association with cyclin B , the cdc 25 , wee 1 , mik 1 gene products and differential phosphorylation of the cdc 2 protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , many new members of the cyclin family have recently been discovered that may play a role in the regulation of the G 1 S transition , and in higher organisms , the cdc 2 family is also more numerous than was at first appreciated . ^^^ It is too early to say if the entire range of cyclin like and cdc 2 like protein kinases are involved in the control of the cell cycle . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This consists of at least two subunits , a polypeptide of relative molecular mass 45 , 000 62 , 000 ( Mr 45 62K ) known as cyclin , and a 34K catalytic subunit which has serine / threonine kinase activity and is known as cdc 2 kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 150 kDa kinase copurified with the p34cdc2 protein and was immobilized by the suc 1 gene product p 13 and anti cyclin B 2 , which are specific for the cdc 2 kinase complex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In eukaryotic cells , the serine threonine specific kinase cdc 2 induces entry into mitosis by phosphorylation of several proteins including cyclin ( pp 62 ) with which it forms a tight complex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that purified MPF from Xenopus eggs contains cyclin B 2 complexed with cdc 2 kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human p 53 is phosphorylated by p 60 cdc2 and cyclin B cdc 2 . ^^^ Serine 315 is phosphorylated by both p 60 cdc2 and cyclin B cdc 2 enzymes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Triggering of cyclin degradation in interphase extracts of amphibian eggs by cdc 2 kinase . ^^^ The association of cyclin and p34cdc2 is not sufficient for activation of cdc 2 kinase , however ; dephosphorylation of key tyrosine and threonine residues of p34cdc2 is necessary to turn on its kinase activity . ^^^ The loss of cdc 2 kinase activity at the end of mitosis depends on the destruction of the cyclin subunits . ^^^ Here we report direct experimental evidence for this idea by showing that cyclin proteolysis can be triggered by adding cdc 2 kinase to a cell free extract of interphase Xenopus eggs . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The A and B type cyclin associated cdc 2 kinases in Xenopus turn on and off at different times in the cell cycle . ^^^ The cyclin A polypeptide is associated with a protein that cross reacts with an antibody against the conserved ' PSTAIR ' epitope of p34cdc2 , and the cyclin A cdc 2 complex exhibits protein kinase activity that oscillates with the cell cycle . ^^^ This kinase activity rises more smoothly than that of the cyclin B cdc 2 complexes and reaches a peak earlier in the cell cycle ; indeed , cyclin A is destroyed before nuclear envelope breakdown . ^^^ None of the cyclin cdc 2 complexes show simple relationships between the concentration of the cyclin moiety and the kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results demonstrate that during the period of cyclin accumulation , cdc 2 kinase activation is inhibited by a type 2A phosphatase . ^^^ This demonstrates that when enough cyclin has accumulated , cdc 2 kinase activation involves a protein phosphatase which must be distinct from the type 1 and 2A phosphatases , and from the calcium dependent ( type 2B ) and magnesium dependent ( type 2C ) phosphatases . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results demonstrate that the feedback system does not inhibit MPF activation by blocking the synthesis or accumulation of cyclin protein , a subunit of MPF , or by blocking association of cyclin with the cdc 2 subunit of MPF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The major components of the mitosis specific histone H 1 kinase are CDC 2 kinase and cyclin and the consensus amino acid sequence for phosphorylation by this enzyme has been proposed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Temporal regulation of cdc 2 mitotic kinase activity and cyclin degradation in cell free extracts of Xenopus eggs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cyclin of fission yeast is the product of the cdc 13 gene , which is known to interact with cdc 2 , a gene required for the entry into mitosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While only normal keratinocytes showed a delay in G 1 following sublethal UVB irradiation both cell types exhibited prolonged G 2 arrest attributable to rapid inhibition of cyclin B associated cdc 2 kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Compared with serum stimulation , HBx was found to strongly increase the rate and level of activation of the cyclin dependent kinases CDK 2 and CDC 2 , and their respective active association with cyclins E and A or cyclin B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we examined the expression of the cdc 2 and cyclin B genes , which are required for completion of mitosis , to determine whether defects in their expression occurred when SV 40 transformed human cells entered the phase of crisis . ^^^ We found that the expression of cdc 2 was unimpaired at both the RNA and protein levels , but that cyclin B expression was decreased in cells in crisis when compared with precrisis ( mortal ) and postcrisis ( immortal ) cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using antibodies against either p34cdc2 or cyclin B it was found that p34cdc2 complexed with cyclin B was dephosphorylated after OA treatment concomitant with the activation of cdc 2 kinase , and that cyclin B was subsequently degraded concomitant with a decrease in cdc 2 kinase activity , as in normal mitosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We propose that the unmasking of maternal cyclin B protein allows it to interact with cdc 2 protein kinase , which is also stored in oocytes , and that the formation of this cyclin B / cdc2 complex generates active M phase promoting factor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MPF from starfish oocytes at first meiotic metaphase is a heterodimer containing one molecule of cdc 2 and one molecule of cyclin B . ^^^ MPF is a complex formed by the stoichiometric association of a 34 kd polypeptide previously identified as cdc 2 with a polypeptide that migrates with the same mobility as starfish cyclin in SDS PAGE ( apparent mol . wt 47 kd ) . ^^^ Since the apparent mol . wt of native starfish MPF was found to be less than 100 kd , it is a heterodimer comprising one molecule of cdc 2 and one molecule of cyclin B . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin B and Cdc 2 expression and Cd 2 kinase activity during Dictyostelium differentiation . ^^^ Cdc 2 histone H 1 kinase activity was considerably higher in vegetative cell extracts of transformants that expressed large amounts of truncated cyclin B protein in comparison to extracts of the parental Ax 2 cells . ^^^ These results suggest that Cdc 2 kinase activity is dependent upon the level of cyclin B in vegetative cells . ^^^ When Cdc 2 histone H 1 kinase activity was determined during development , it was also found that activity correlated reasonably well with the amount of cyclin B protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Accumulation patterns of mRNAs corresponding to histones H2A and H 4 , ribosomal protein genes rpL 27 and rpL 34 , MAP kinase , cdc 2 kinase and cyclin B were analyzed during growth dormancy cycles in pea ( Pisum sativum cv . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have found that cyclin B cdc 2 kinase activity drops earlier in emetine treated than in control starfish oocytes , although the protein synthesis inhibitor does not activate the cyclin degradation pathway prematurely . ^^^ In normal conditions , increased synthesis of cyclin B after germinal vesicle breakdown ( GVBD ) balances cyclin degradation and increases the time required for cyclin B cdc 2 kinase to drop below the level that inhibits cleavage . ^^^ Although the overall stimulation of protein synthesis because of cdc 2 kinase activation is still observed in oocytes from which the germinal vesicle has been removed before hormonal stimulation , the main increase of cyclin B synthesis normally observed after germinal vesicle breakdown is suppressed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At physiological concentrations these mutants can not activate cyclin B / p34cdc2 in cdc 25 immunodepleted oocyte extracts , suggesting that a positive feed back loop between cdc 2 and cdc 25 is necessary for the full activation of cyclin B / p34cdc2 that induces abrupt entry into mitosis in vivo . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both cdc 2 and cdk 2 also showed changes , but these were not so distinct as observed with cyclin B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cdc 2 protein kinase , MAP kinase , cyclin B , MPF , and protein synthesis changes were all comparable in brefeldin A treated oocytes and in progesterone induced oocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The RT PCR and Western blot analyses have shown that in senescent TIG 1 cells at PDL 64 67 , cdk 2 and cyclin E were selectively repressed at the mRNA and protein levels even after serum stimulation , and cdc 2 and cyclin A were less repressed than cdk 2 and cyclin E . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cell cycle regulation of the cyclin A , cdc25C and cdc 2 genes is based on a common mechanism of transcriptional repression . ^^^ We now show that CDE mediated repression is also the major principle underlying the periodic transcription of the human cyclin A and cdc 2 genes . ^^^ In addition , the cdc25C , cyclin A and cdc 2 genes share an identical 5 bp region ( ' cell cycle genes homology region ' ; CHR ) starting at an identical position , six nucleotides 3 ' to the CDE . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the basis of observations in marine invertebrates and Xenopus , it was proposed that cyclin destruction triggers cdc 2 kinase inactivation and anaphase onset . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although mizoribine did not suppress the expression of CD 25 and cdc 2 kinase , mizoribine markedly suppressed the expression of cyclin A in SA activated B cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The transcription factor E2F plays a pivotal role in the coordinated transactivation of cell cycle regulatory genes such as c myc , cdc 2 , and the gene encoding proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) that are involved in lesion formation after vascular injury . ^^^ Transfection with E2F decoy inhibited expression of c myc , cdc 2 , and the PCNA gene as well as vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation both in vitro and in the in vivo model of rat carotid injury . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of late cell cycle related genes cdc 2 and PCNA ( proliferating cell nuclear antigen ) was not affected by NaBut in the NRK E1A cells while it was totally suppressed in the other NRK derived cell lines . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to the S phase genes , we also find that several genes believed to play regulatory roles in cell cycle progression , such as the cdc 2 , cyclin A , and B myb genes , are also induced by E2F1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By modifying the dynamics of this assembly process , cell cycle enzymes , such as cdc 2 cyclin kinases , regulate length distributions in the asters . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The delayed G 0 > S progression in fos expressing cells was accompanied by the inappropriate levels or kinetics of expression of several cell cycle regulated genes ( cyclin D 1 , cdc 2 , cdk 2 , cdk 4 and rb ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transient failure to dephosphorylate the cdc 2 cyclin B 1 complex accompanies radiation induced G 2 phase arrest in HeLa cells . ^^^ The G 2 to M phase transition in dividing mammalian cells is dependent on the kinase activity of the cdc 2 cyclin B protein complex . ^^^ The irradiated cells showed an increase in both cyclin B and phosphorylated cdc 2 over the levels in control cells , and both persisted for a much longer period than in controls , further confirmation of delay in the activation of the catalytic subunit . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using Western blots and in vitro kinase assays , we demonstrated the presence of an active cdc 2 like kinase and its putative regulators such as cyclin E , p 13 , and p 67 in axoplasm and a P 13 axoplasm complex ( P 13 Ax ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of radiation on G 2 blocks , cyclin B expression and cdc 2 expression in human squamous carcinoma cell lines with different radiosensitivities . ^^^ The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of cyclin B and cdc 2 in the G 2 delay and to test whether the magnitude of the G 2 delay correlated with sensitivity to ionizing radiation in two human cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of cdk ( cyclin dependent kinases ) substrates and studies of their regulation require purified enzymatic complexes of cdc 2 related catalytic and cyclin regulatory subunits . ^^^ Yeast cyclin B and suc 1 were found in association with GST Cdc 2 . ^^^ A 17 fold stimulation of GST Cdc 2 kinase activity was obtained by incubation of recombinant human cyclin A with the S . pombe cellular extract prior to affinity purification . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The p 19 fusion protein can associate in vitro with CDK 4 but not with CDK 2 , CDC 2 , or cyclin A , B , E , or D 1 to D 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Multiple species of G 1 cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases are induced sequentially during G 1 phase , and the expression of cyclin A and cdc 2 genes is subsequently induced at the G1 / S boundary . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gibberellin promotes histone H 1 kinase activity and the expression of cdc 2 and cyclin genes during the induction of rapid growth in deepwater rice internodes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While transfer to low serum induced the retinoblastoma protein to enter its dephosphorylated state , and cyclin A , cyclin B and cdc 2 levels to decrease , all as normal , cyclin E , cdk 4 , cdk 2 and the exogenous cyclin D 2 persisted at high levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
E 3 C is present but inactive during interphase ; it can be activated in vitro by the addition of cdc 2 , enabling the transfer of ubiquitin from E 2 C to cyclin . ^^^ These results identify the cyclosome associated E 3 C as the component of the cyclin destruction machinery whose activity is ultimately regulated by cdc 2 and , as such , the element directly responsible for setting mitotic cyclin levels during early embryonic cell cycles . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effects of phosphorylation by CAK on cyclin binding by CDC 2 and CDK 2 . ^^^ We find that most CDK cyclin complexes known to exist in human cells ( CDC 2 cyclin B , CDK 2 cyclin A , and CDK 2 cyclin E ) form with high affinity in the absence of phosphorylation or other cellular components . ^^^ One complex ( CDC 2 cyclin A ) forms with high affinity only after CAK mediated phosphorylation of CDC 2 at the activating threonine residue . ^^^ CDC 2 does not bind with high affinity to cyclin E in vitro , even after phosphorylation of the CDC 2 subunit . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transcription of histone H 4 , H 3 , and H 1 cell cycle genes : promoter factor HiNF D contains CDC 2 , cyclin A , and an RB related protein . ^^^ Using gel shift immunoassays , we show that CDC 2 , cyclin A , and an RB related protein are ubiquitous subunits of HiNF D binding activity isolated from several cell types . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Differential expression of cyclin D 2 and cdc 2 genes in proliferating and nonproliferating alveolar epithelial cells . ^^^ We compared normal rat AEC in primary culture with transformed AEC for the expression of D type G 1 cyclins and cyclin dependent protein kinases ( cdc 2 and cdk 2 ) . ^^^ Collectively , these data support an important functional role for cyclin D 2 and cdc 2 genes in determining the proliferative versus nonproliferative phenotype of AEC during lung development , injury and repair , and transformation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This increase is followed by a rapid inactivation of the cyclin B1 / Cdc2 kinase that is associated with Cdc 2 tyrosine phosphorylation without any change in Cdc 2 or cyclin B 1 protein levels . ^^^ The DNA polymerase inhibitor aphidicolin abrogates camptothecin induced changes in cyclin B1 / Cdc2 kinase activity , indicating that DNA replication induced DNA damage is essential for both Cdc 2 alterations and apoptosis activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In eukaryotes , the control of cell cycle progression is exercised by heteromeric protein kinase complexes composed of a cell cycle dependent , kinase related subunit ( Cdc 2 ) and a cyclin subunit . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These data demonstrate that ets 2 plays a direct role in the regulation of cdc 2 expression and raise the possibility that ets 2 participates in the coordinated regulation of cdc 2 cyclin A expression which is essential for the modulation of cdc 2 regulated processes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , IL 6 antisense oligonucleotides abolished PDGF induced transcription of the genes coding for the cell division cycle 2 related protein ( CDC 2 ) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) , both of which are regulated in a cell cycle dependent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Differential effect of estrogen on the production of cyclin B 1 , cdc 2 p34 and c fos protein in rat uterus . ^^^ The uterine content of c fos protein , cyclin B 1 ( cell cycle protein ) and cdc 2 p34 ( cyclin dependent kinase ) in immature and mature rats was determined using the enhanced chemiluminescence ( ECL ) western blot method . ^^^ Cyclin B 1 was found predominantly in immature rat uterus and cdc 2 p34 only in mature rat uterus . ^^^ Uteri from ovariectomized rats treated with estrogen and / or ICI 182 , 780 , an antiestrogen , were analyzed by ECL western blot . cdc 2 p34 and the c fos 28 kDa protein were found in estradiol treated rat uteri and were not detected in uteri of control and ICI 182 , 780 treated animals ; whereas Cyclin B 1 was absent in uteri from control and estradiol treated ovariectomized animals . ^^^ The present results show that the production of the cell cycle factors , cyclin B 1 , cdc 2 p34 and c fos , during rat uterine growth are under different regulatory controls . cdc 2 p34 and c fos 28 kDa protein are under the control of estradiol ; whereas cyclin B 1 and the majority of the immunoreactive isoforms of c fos are not influenced by this hormone . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Oocyte maturation is triggered by the activation in the oocyte cytoplasm of maturation promoting factor ( MPF ) , which consists of cdc 2 ( a catalytic subunit ) and cyclin B ( a regulatory subunit ) . ^^^ Immature goldfish oocytes contain only inactive monomeric 35 kDa cdc 2 and do not stockpile cyclin B . ^^^ In maturing oocytes , activation of cdc 2 is associated with its Thr 161 phosphorylation and mobility shift on SDS PAGE from 35 to 34 kDa after binding to cyclin B . ^^^ Since cdc 2 Tyr15 is not phosphorylated after binding to cyclin B , it does not require dephosphorylation . ^^^ This situation is obviously different from that in immature Xenopus oocytes , in which the cdc 2 cyclin B complex preexists with cdc 2 phosphorylated on both Tyr 15 and Thr 161 , thereby requiring Tyr 15 dephosphorylation catalyzed by cdc 25 phosphatase for MPF activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report here that two polypeptides of the purified mammalian TFIIH are the MO15 / Cdk7 kinase and cyclin H subunits of the Cdk activating kinase Cak , previously identified as a positive regulator of Cdc 2 and Cdk 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In our study , we have characterized the biochemical effect of loss of suc 1 function on specific cdc 2 cyclin complexes . ^^^ We show that the cig 1 cyclin is associated with cdc 2 and that the cdc 2 cig1 kinase is activated at mitosis , with kinetics similar to those of the cdc 2 cdc13 kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin E 1 complexes immunoprecipitated from unfertilized Xenopus eggs contained Cdk 2 but not Cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The fluctuations in the levels of the proliferation cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) , cyclin A , CDC 2 , c myc , and p 53 proteins were monitored in synchronized cultures and in cells undergoing apoptosis by immunofluorescence staining , flow cytometry , and Western immunoblotting . ^^^ When assayed by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry , the levels of cyclin A and PCNA increased about 2 fold during the S phase , and the level of CDC 2 was fairly constant during S and slightly decreased during late S / G2 . ^^^ Most importantly , however , the level of staining for c myc , p 53 , cyclin A , CDC 2 , and PCNA increased 50 % 150 % during apoptosis compared to the levels observed in cells at G1 / S . ^^^ Western blot analysis of the steady state levels of PCNA , cyclin A , and CDC 2 revealed an increase in the levels of all three proteins during S , with higher levels of these proteins observed in apoptotic cells compared to the levels observed in cells at G1 / S . ^^^ AGF cells undergoing apoptosis were immunostained for c myc , p 53 , PCNA , cyclin A , and CDC 2 and were viewed by confocal microscopy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report here that Ca2+ and calmodulin regulate the expression of cdk 2 , cdc 2 , cyclin B and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( a co factor of DNA polymerase delta ) in human T lymphocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
INH , a type 2A protein phosphatase ( PP2A ) , negatively regulates entry into M phase and the cyclin B dependent activation of cdc 2 in Xenopus extracts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mRNA levels of cyclin B 1 ( a G 2 cyclin ) and two cyclin dependent kinases , cdc 2 and cdk 2 , also increased in response to IGF , but at later times . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The CAK holoenzyme activates complexes of CDK 2 and CDC 2 with various cyclins and also phosphorylates CDK 2 , but not CDC 2 , in the absence of cyclin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CDK activation is dependent on cyclin binding and phosphorylation of a conserved threonine ( T 161 in Cdc 2 ) mediated by the CDK activating kinase CAK . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previously pp60v src , cyclin A , p39mos , and maturation promoting factor ( composed of Cdc 2 and cyclin B ) have been shown to activate mitogen activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) and MAPK kinase ( MEK ) in cell free extracts of Xenopus oocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both the cdc 2 and cdk 2 kinases were found associated with PCNA in normal T cells , in amounts consistent with detected kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pharmacokinetics of antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides ( cyclin B 1 and CDC 2 kinase ) in the vessel wall in vivo : enhanced therapeutic utility for restenosis by HVJ liposome delivery . ^^^ To examine the therapeutic utility of this method , we transferred antisense phosphorothioate oligos against cyclin B 1 and CDC 2 kinase encoding genes into balloon injured rat carotid artery as a potential therapy for experimental restenosis . ^^^ Two weeks after transfection , antisense oligo treatment directed against either CDC 2 kinase or cyclin B 1 resulted in a partial , but significant , inhibition in neointima formation . ^^^ Interestingly , co transfection of antisense oligos against CDC 2 kinase and cyclin B resulted in further inhibition of neointima formation , as compared to blockade of either gene target alone . ^^^ These results demonstrate that : ( 1 ) the HVJ liposome method enhances the half life and nuclear localization of antisense oligos in the vessel wall in vivo ; and ( 2 ) HVJ mediated administration of antisense CDC 2 kinase and cyclin B 1 oligos produces a sustained inhibition of neointima formation after balloon angioplasty . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
AGM 1470 completely abolishes the growth factor induced mRNA expression of cdc 2 and cyclin A and partially inhibits that of cyclin E but has little effect on the mRNA level of cdk 2 , cdk 4 , or cyclin D 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Premature cdc 2 kinase inactivation did not require cyclin B destruction , but did coincide with the dissociation of cyclin B p34cdc2 complexes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show that p34cdc2 co immunoprecipitated from mitotic Hela cell lysates with an anti human cyclin B 1 antibody , but not from interphasic cell lysates , is able to phosphorylate efficiently wild type Rap1GAP , but not a mutant in which the putative consensus site for phosphorylation by the cdc 2 kinase ( serine 484 ) has been altered . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To elucidate how large T forces the myotubes to traverse each phase of the cell cycle , we examined the expression and activity of Cdk 2 and Cdc 2 , which in complex with cyclin A and cyclin B are essential for S and M phases , respectively in undifferentiated cells . ^^^ The levels of their mRNAs and proteins and histone H 1 kinase activity , which was ascribed to Cdc 2 cyclin B , were high in the proliferating myoblasts but gradually decreased during terminal differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recent advances in cell biology indicate that the interactions between two proteins , cdc 2 and cyclin , together with the activity of the cdc2 / cyclin complex called MPF in the cytoplasm form the basis of a universal biochemical control mechanism for the cell division cycle in eukaryotes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
First , we examined the effect of antisense cdc 2 kinase and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) ODNs in vitro . ^^^ Cotransfection of antisense cdc 2 kinase and PCNA ODNs inhibited serum stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell growth , whereas antisense cdc 2 kinase ODNs alone or PCNA ODNs alone failed to show any inhibitory effect . ^^^ Transfection of the combination of antisense cdc 2 kinase and PCNA ODNs into balloon injured arteries in vivo provided a marked decrease in cdc 2 and PCNA mRNA expression as determined by reverse transcription PCR , compared to sense controls . ^^^ The present study documents that a single intraluminal molecular delivery of combined cdc 2 kinase and PCNA antisense ODNs results in a sustained inhibition of neointima formation in the rat carotid balloon injury model . . ^^^ Single intraluminal delivery of antisense cdc 2 kinase and proliferating cell nuclear antigen oligonucleotides results in chronic inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Components of a system that ligates cyclin to ubiquitin and their regulation by the protein kinase cdc 2 . ^^^ Cyclin B , a positive regulatory subunit of the cdc 2 protein kinase complex , is synthesized across the cell cycle and then rapidly degraded at the end of mitosis . ^^^ Degradation of cyclin B is triggered by increased levels of active cdc 2 and is required for exit from mitosis . ^^^ In this work we employed a fractionation approach to identify the components of a clam oocyte system responsible for specific ubiquitination of cyclin and to determine which components are regulated by cdc 2 . ^^^ Incubation of the particulate fraction from interphase cells with the protein kinase cdc 2 activates it for cyclin ubiquitin ligation , after a lag of about 30 min . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surprisingly , many of these genes are expressed in neurons , although cdc 2 , cdk 2 , and cyclin A are not . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In human umbilical vein endothelial cells , the protein kinase C ( PKC ) stimulation during the early G 1 phase leads to potentiations in growth factor stimulated DNA synthesis , the activation of cdc 2 and cdk 2 cyclin dependent kinases , and the mRNA expression of cdc 2 , cyclins A , D 1 and E , but not cdk 2 or cdk 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Band shift analysis of bacterially produced E2F 1 showed that this protein bound to the promoters of human DNA polymerase alpha , cyclin D 1 , and c myb but not to the cdc 2 gene promoter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Where examined , both Cdc 2 and Cdk 2 , the catalytic subunits known to associate with cyclin A , were activated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Restimulation of the differentiated myotube culture with serum reinduced cdc 2 as well as cyclin D1 / CYL1 mRNA close to the levels observed in dividing myoblasts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Behavior of the components of maturation promoting factor , cdc 2 kinase and cyclin B , during oocyte maturation of goldfish . ^^^ We examined the changes that occurred in the two components of maturation promoting factor ( MPF ) , cdc 2 kinase and cyclin B , during oocyte maturation in goldfish , using monoclonal antibodies against the C terminal sequence of goldfish cdc 2 kinase and Escherichia coli produced full length goldfish cyclin B . ^^^ Cyclin B was absent in immature oocytes and appeared just before GVBD , coinciding exactly with the appearance of the 34 kDa active cdc 2 kinase . ^^^ Precipitation with p13suc1 beads and anticyclin B antibody revealed that cyclin B formed a complex with cdc 2 kinase as soon as it appeared . ^^^ These results suggest that MPF activation in fish oocytes is induced by complex formation with preexisting cdc 2 kinase and newly synthesized cyclin B during oocyte maturation , a situation differing from that in Xenopus and starfish , in which the cdc 2 kinase cyclin B complex is already present in immature oocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we show that when a constitutively active mutant of calmodulin dependent protein kinase 2 ( CaM KII ) is added to a CSF extract , cyclin degradation and Cdc 2 kinase inactivation occur even in the absence of Ca2+ , and the extract loses its ability to cause metaphase arrest when transferred into embryos . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , the expression of Cdc 2 , Cdk 2 , cyclin D 1 , and cyclin E was independent of adhesion in both cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated whether transfection of cyclin A , alone or in combination with cdc 2 , was sufficient for extension of lifespan or escape from senescence . ^^^ Clones expressing the transfected human cyclin A or cdc 2 genes senesced at a population doubling similar to controls , thereby showing that cyclin A or cdc 2 expression alone was insufficient for escape from senescence . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The other type is driven by the negative feedback loop , involving rapid cyclin turnover and negligible phosphorylation of the tyrosine residue of Cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Indeed , cdc 2 became dephosphorylated and cyclin B 1 protein levels decreased as ilmofosine treated cells became arrested in G 2 . ^^^ Our findings suggest that ilmofosine down regulates cdc 2 kinase activation through a mechanism that affects the formation of cdc2 / cyclin B 1 complexes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It has previously been shown that three cell cycle genes , cyclin A , cyclin B and cdc 2 , are not expressed in senescent human fibroblasts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cdk 2 gene was induced in late G 1 and cdc 2 and cyclin A genes at the G1 / S boundary in both serum stimulated and dex treated cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Concomitantly , expression and associated histone H 1 kinase activity of cdc 2 and cyclin A , two cell cycle regulatory proteins , are repressed by this agent . ^^^ These effects are fully reversible since removal of OA restores cdc 2 and cyclin A expression as well as histone H 1 kinase activity , and the cells resume growth . ^^^ Since cdc 2 and cyclin A have previously been shown to be absolutely required for cell cycle progression it is likely that blockage of synthesis of these components contributes to the cytostatic effects of OA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Deficiencies that removed one of the Drosophila cdc 2 genes and the cyclin A gene had no effect on replication during embryogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of cdc 2 , cdk 2 , cyclin B 1 and cyclin A polypeptides was detectable in all lines examined , and moderate variation in protein level does not provide evidence for any obvious abnormalities in the cancer cell lines studied . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These two kinase families , mitogen activated protein ( MAP ) kinases and cyclin dependent cdc 2 kinases , are involved in receptor and cell cycle regulated phosphorylation events , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro fusion of endocytic vesicles is inhibited by cyclin A cdc 2 kinase . ^^^ Receptor mediated endocytosis and recycling are inhibited in mitotic mammalian cells , and previous studies have shown that inhibition of endocytic vesicle fusion in vitro occurs via cyclin B cdc 2 kinase . ^^^ To test for the ability of cyclin A cdc 2 kinase to inhibit endocytic vesicle fusion , we employed recombinant cyclin A proteins . ^^^ By a number of criteria , inhibition of fusion was shown to be due to the action of cyclin A , via the mitosis specific cdc 2 kinase , and not an indirect effect through cyclin B . ^^^ Two stage incubations were used to demonstrate that at least one target of cyclin A cdc 2 kinase is a cytosolic component of the fusion apparatus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A three dimensional model of the Cdc 2 protein kinase : localization of cyclin and Suc 1 binding regions and phosphorylation sites . ^^^ The Cdc 2 protein kinase requires cyclin binding for activity and also binds to a small protein , Suc 1 . ^^^ Charged to alanine scanning mutagenesis of Cdc 2 was used previously to localize cyclin A and B and Suc 1 binding sites ( B . ^^^ Cyclin dependent phosphorylation of T 161 in Cdc 2 is essential for activation , and the model provides insights into the importance of this site . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We account for this anomaly by our observation that the cdc 2 activator , cdc25C , is a cytoplasmic protein that , like cyclin B 1 , enters the nucleus at the G2 / M transition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MPF is composed of two proteins of which one is homologous with the protein kinase encoded by gene cdc 2 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe ( p34cdc2 ) and the other is a cyclin whose concentration oscillates during the cell cycle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We screened cdc 2 kinase inhibitors from cultured mediums of micro organisms using purified mouse cyclin B cdc 2 kinase and a specific substrate peptide for cdc 2 kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In Xenopus oocytes , mitogen activated protein ( MAP ) kinase can be activated by progesterone treatment or by microinjection of cyclin A , both of which lead to activation of the cdc 2 protein kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reconstitution of cyclin dependent cdc 2 and cdk 2 kinase activities in vitro . ^^^ In this report , we describe the purification of cyclin associated cdc 2 and cdk 2 kinases as well as cyclin free cdc 2 and cdk 2 protein preparations from HeLa cells . ^^^ The cdc 2 cyclin B kinase complex that we have isolated , consisting of two polypeptides of p 60 ( cyclin B ) and p 34 ( cdc 2 ) , phosphorylated both the p 34 and p 70 subunits of the three subunit human single stranded DNA binding protein ( also called RP A ) , a DNA replication and repair factor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of the in vitro reconstituted cyclin A or B 1 dependent cdk 2 and cdc 2 kinase activities . ^^^ Activation of cdk 2 catalyzed H 1 kinase activity by cyclin A required a 10 min preincubation of the two components , whereas cdc 2 kinase supported phosphate incorporation without a detectable time lag upon the addition of cyclin B 1 , suggesting a slower association rate of cdk 2 with cyclin A compared with cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 . ^^^ Both cdk 2 and cyclin A , as well as cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 , formed stable complexes in the absence of ATP and substrate that could be isolated after glycerol gradient centrifugation . ^^^ Cyclin A activated cdk 2 or cdc 2 phosphorylated p 107 , a pRB related cellular protein , 10 times more effectively than the cyclin B 1 complexed kinases . ^^^ The reconstituted cdc 2 cyclin B 1 complex incorporated 4 5 fold more phosphate into the p 34 subunit of the three subunit ( p 70 , p 34 , and p 14 ) human single stranded DNA binding protein ( also called RP A ) , a DNA replication and DNA repair factor , than cdc 2 cyclin A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin A and cdk 2 , but not cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 , were specifically localized at nuclear replication foci , just like the replication protein proliferating cell nuclear antigen . ^^^ Cyclin A and cdk 2 , but not cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 , were specifically localized at nuclear replication foci , just like the replication protein proliferating cell nuclear antigen . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recent evidence indicates that cyclin dependent kinase 2 ( Cdk 2 ) , like its homolog Cdc 2 , requires cyclin binding and phosphorylation ( of threonine 160 ) for activation in vivo . ^^^ To determine if the Cdk2 / cyclin A complex could be activated further by phosphorylation of T 160 , complexes were treated with Cdc 2 activating kinase ( CAK ) , purified approximately 12 , 000 fold from Xenopus eggs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin B cdc 2 complexes are kept inactive by inhibitory phosphorylations on Thr 14 and Tyr 15 of cdc 2 until they are dephosphorylated at the end of G 2 by the phosphatase cdc 25 . ^^^ Individual conservative substitutions at three invariant residues within the P box yield mutant cyclin B proteins that bind cdc 2 in vitro and then show the predicted cell cycle arrest , with cdc 25 remaining in the low activity interphase form and cyclin B cdc 2 complexes remaining phosphorylated and inactive . ^^^ While the low activity interphase form of cdc 25 can not act on cdc 2 complexed with a mutant P box cyclin , the high activity M phase form of cdc 25 can . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In frog oocytes , arrest in metaphase 2 ( M 2 ) is achieved by cytostatic factor ( CSF ) that stabilizes MPF , a heterodimer formed of cdc 2 kinase and cyclin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sequences within the conserved cyclin box of human cyclin A are sufficient for binding to and activation of cdc 2 kinase . ^^^ By physical association , they are able to activate at least one of the cyclin dependent kinases , cdc 2 . ^^^ Our approach was to map the regions required on the cyclin A molecule for interaction with cdc 2 . ^^^ This observation implies that events leading to the activation of cdc 2 kinase can be mediated through small regions of the cyclin molecule that are located in the cyclin box . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phosphorylation and activation of human cdc 25 C by cdc 2 cyclin B and its involvement in the self amplification of MPF at mitosis . ^^^ We have investigated the mechanisms responsible for the sudden activation of the cdc 2 cyclin B protein kinase before mitosis . ^^^ It has been found previously that cdc 25 is the tyrosine phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylating and activating cdc 2 cyclin B . ^^^ Phosphorylation of cdc 25 C in mitotic HeLa extracts or by cdc 2 cyclin B increases its catalytic activity . cdc 25 C is not a substrate of the cyclin A associated kinases . cdc 25 C is able to activate cdc 2 cyclin B 1 in Xenopus egg extracts and to induce Xenopus oocyte maturation , but only after stable thiophosphorylation . ^^^ This demonstrates that phosphorylation of cdc 25 C is required for the activation of cdc 2 cyclin B and entry into M phase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In fission yeast , the M phase inducing kinase , a complex of p34cdc2 and cyclin B , is maintained in an inhibited state during interphase due to the phosphorylation of Cdc 2 at Tyr 15 . ^^^ In human cells the negative regulation of p34cdc2 / cyclin B is more complex , in that Cdc 2 is phosphorylated at two inhibitory sites , Thr 14 and Tyr 15 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of cyclin B , cdc 25 , wee 1 and cdc 2 was studied during cell cycle arrest by Northern blot hybridization . ^^^ Expression of cyclin B , cdc 25 and cdc 2 fluctuated in association with cell cycle progression towards the G2 / M phase , while wee 1 expression remained constant in untreated cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin B interacts with Cdc 2 kinase to induce cell cycle events , particularly those of mitosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have previously described the isolation of mcs 2 75 , a mutation obtained as an allele specific suppressor of a dominant allele of cdc 2 . mcs 2 was cloned and determined to be an essential gene , the product of which shares homology with the cyclin family of proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The vertebrate CDC2 / cyclin B 1 complex is an essential regulator of the onset of mitosis and is inhibited by phosphorylation of CDC 2 on Thr 14 and Tyr 15 . ^^^ We found that , like CDC 2 , CDK 2 is also phosphorylated on Thr 14 and Tyr 15 and that treatment of cyclin A or cyclin E immunoprecipitates with bacterially expressed Cdc25M2 ( the mouse homolog of human CDC25B ) increased the histone H 1 kinase activity of these immune complexes 5 to 10 fold . ^^^ Tryptic peptide mapping demonstrated that Cdc25M2 treatment of cyclin A or cyclin B 1 immune complexes resulted in the specific dephosphorylation of Thr 14 and Tyr 15 on CDK 2 or CDC 2 , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The presence and roles of mitotic cyclins ( cyclin A and cyclin B 1 ) , and cdc 2 and related ( having an N terminal PSTAIRE conserved sequence ) serine / threonine protein kinases were investigated by use of specific antibodies . ^^^ The cyclin A antibodies ( but not the cyclin B 1 antibodies ) and cdc 2 antibodies as well as the PSTAIRE antibodies significantly ( p = 0 . 02 to p < 0 . 001 ) increased ( rather than decreased ) the human sperm penetration rates of zona free hamster ova ; the cyclin A and cdc 2 antibodies showed the strongest enhancing effects . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At this point , the catalytic subunit of a protein kinase ( encoded by the CDC 28 gene in budding yeast or the homologous CDC 2 gene in other eukaryotes ) is activated by binding to a positively acting regulatory subunit , a cyclin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Concurrent with cyclin B associated cdc 2 kinase activity , Plk kinase activity sharply peaks at the onset of mitosis . ^^^ Plk enzymatic activity gradually decreases as M phase proceeds but persists longer than cyclin B associated cdc 2 kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Maturation promoting factor , consisting of cdc 2 protein kinase and a regulatory B type cyclin , is a universal regulator of meiosis and mitosis in eukaryotes . ^^^ Phosphorylation of cyclin B 1 is not required for cdc 2 kinase activity , for binding to cdc 2 protein , for stability of cyclin B 1 before GVBD , or for destruction of cyclin B 1 after GVBD or after egg activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show that Crk 1 associates with the Mcs 2 mitotic catastrophe suppressor , a cyclin H like molecule , and overexpression of crk 1 rescues the cell cycle arrest defect of a mcs 2 75 cdc 2 3w cdc 25 22 triple mutant at high temperature . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cytokine induction of proliferation and expression of CDC 2 and cyclin A in FDC P 1 myeloid hematopoietic progenitor cells : regulation of ubiquitous and cell cycle dependent histone gene transcription factors . ^^^ We therefore focused on factors that are functionally related to activity of the principal cell cycle regulatory element of the histone H 4 promoter : CDC 2 , cyclin A , as well as RB and IRF related proteins . ^^^ Northern blot analysis indicates that cellular levels of cyclin A and CDC 2 mRNAs increase when DNA synthesis and H 4 gene expression are initiated , supporting involvement in cell cycle progression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Calcium requirements during mitotic cdc 2 kinase activation and cyclin degradation in Xenopus egg extracts . ^^^ From these results , and the order of effectiveness of different calcium buffers in disrupting the H 1 kinase cycle , we suggest that local transient increases in free calcium influence the rate of cdc 2 kinase activation and are required to initiate the pathway leading to cyclin degradation and kinase inactivation in mitotic cell cycles . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The biochemical events that rapamycin has been shown to inhibit are ( a ) activation of p70S6 kinase , ( b ) activation of cdk2 / cyclin E complex , ( c ) phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein , and ( d ) suppression of cdc 2 and cyclin A transcription . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cdk 2 kinase is required for entry into mitosis as a positive regulator of Cdc 2 cyclin B kinase activity . ^^^ Interestingly , when Cdk 2 kinase activity is inhibited by the Cdk specific inhibitor , p21Cip1 , a block to mitosis occurs , and inactive Cdc 2 cyclin B accumulates . ^^^ Moreover , immunodepletion of Cdk 2 from interphase extracts prevents activation of Cdc 2 upon the addition of exogenous cyclin B . ^^^ Thus , our data show that Cdk 2 kinase is a positive regulator of Cdc 2 cyclin B complexes and establish a link between Cdk 2 kinase and cell cycle progression into mitosis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The human Cdk activating protein kinase ( Cak 1 ) is itself a Cdc 2 related cyclin dependent protein kinase that associates with cyclin H . ^^^ Immunoaffinity purified Cak 1 phosphorylated monomeric Cdc 2 and Cdk 2 , but not Cdk 4 ; the phosphorylation of both Cdc 2 and Cdk 2 were increased in the presence of recombinant cyclin A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the normal lens , our experiments using in situ hybridization reveal that the expression of cyclin A , cyclin B 1 , cdc 2 and cdk 2 is restricted to the proliferative epithelial cells , with no expression in the differentiating fiber cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression and subcellular localization of CDK 2 and cdc 2 kinases and their common partner cyclin A in thyroid epithelial cells : comparison of cyclic AMP dependent and independent cell cycles . ^^^ This convergence included a common induction of the expression of cyclin A and p34cdc2 , and to a lesser extent of p33 / 38cdk2 , which was already expressed in quiescent thyroid cells , and common changes of cdc 2 and CDK 2 phosphorylations as evidenced by electrophoretic mobility shifts . ^^^ These data support the roles of CDK 2 and cdc 2 at G1 / S and G2 / mitosis transitions , respectively . ( 3 ) We were unable to demonstrate in individual cells a strict association between the nuclear appearance of cyclin A and G1 / S transition , and an association of cyclin A and CDK 2 with PCNA stained DNA replication sites . ^^^ On the other hand , the lengthening of G 2 phase in the TSH / cyclic AMP dependent thyroid cell cycle was associated with a stabilization of Tyr 15 inhibitory phosphorylation of cdc 2 and an especially high nuclear concentration of cyclin A and CDK 2 . ^^^ Moreover , an immunofluorescence analysis of these proteins using the double labeling of PCNA as a marker of each cell cycle phase shows : ( 1 ) a previously undescribed nuclear translocation of CDK 2 before S phase initiation ; ( 2 ) a sudden increase of cdc 2 nuclear immunoreactivity at G2 / mitosis transition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The roles of the cyclin dependent kinase ( Cdk ) family in murine germ cell development have been examined by studying the expression of five Cdk family genes ( Cdc 2 , Cdk 2 , Cdk 4 , Pctaire 1 , and Pctaire 3 ) in mouse reproductive organs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin A 1 , B 1 , B 2 , and E 1 levels , Cdc 2 and Cdk 2 kinase activity , and Cdc25C phosphorylation states were monitored during early Xenopus embryonic cell cycles . ^^^ Although the length of the first embryonic cycle is regulated by both the level of cyclin B and the phosphorylation state of Cdc 2 , cyclin accumulation alone was rate limiting for later cycles , since overexpression of a mitotic cyclin after the first cycle caused cell cycle acceleration . ^^^ The activity of Cdc 2 closely paralleled the accumulation of cyclin B 2 , but cell cycle acceleration caused by cyclin B overexpression was not associated with elevation of Cdc 2 activity to higher than metaphase levels . ^^^ Tyrosine phosphorylation of Cdc 2 , absent during cycles 2 12 , reappeared at the midblastula transition coincident with the disappearance of cyclin E 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To address this question , we examined the expression of cdc 2 and cye genes , which encode the catalytic and regulatory subunits , respectively , of cyclin dependent protein kinases that control progression through the cell cycle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Like CDC 2 and CDK 2 , CDK 3 was shown to form a complex with cyclin A in vivo . ^^^ Overexpression of wild type CDC 2 , CDK 2 , CDK 3 , or cyclin A ( but not cyclin B ) markedly elevated the incidence of apoptosis in BCL 2+ cells , which otherwise fail to respond to these agents . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In conclusion , PKC alpha joins the group of proteins such as c myc , proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cdc 2 kinase which may be therapeutical targets , for antisense oligodeoxynucleotides , in order to prevent SMC hyperplasia . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin E , A , and B and cdk 2 and cdc 2 kinase activity also increased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using the cell line , we investigated the expression of cell cycle associated proteins including cdc 2 , cdk 2 , cyclin A , cyclin Dl , and Rb during entry into or withdrawal from the cell cycle . ^^^ The expression of cdk 2 and cyclin D 1 in the quiescent cells was reduced after stimulation by renewal of the medium and then increased , accompanied by Rb phosphorylation and cdc 2 expression around the G1 / S transition . ^^^ The results indicate that down regulation of neither cdk 2 , cyclin A , cyclin D 1 , nor MAP kinase is necessary to arrest cells in G 0 , but that only Rb dephosphorylation and down regulation of cdc 2 are accompanied by an arrest of cell proliferation in G 0 in the cell line . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transition from G 2 into mitosis is normally controlled by the activity of a cyclin dependent kinase , cdc 2 in the fission yeast ( Schizosaccharomyces pombe ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cdc 2 , a catalytic subunit of cyclin dependent kinases , is required for both the G 1 to S and G 2 to M transitions in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cellular effects of chelerythrine are not due to either direct or indirect inhibition of the known mitotic regulator p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During this time , cyclin A and cdc 2 levels will fall , preventing the cell from entering mitosis and effectively resetting the clock to G 1 and the ploidy to tetraploid . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cell cycle in polyploid megakaryocytes is associated with reduced activity of cyclin B 1 dependent cdc 2 kinase . ^^^ Comparable levels of the mitotic kinase protein , Cdc 2 , were detected during the mitotic cell cycle or during endomitosis ; however , cyclin B 1 dependent Cdc 2 kinase activity was largely abolished in the polyploid cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Genesis and evolution of high ploidy tumour cells evaluated by means of the proliferation markers p 34 ( cdc 2 ) , cyclin B 1 , PCNA and 3 [ H ] thymidine . ^^^ Using the murine B 16 cell line as a model , we evaluated the role of some key proteins involved in cell cycle progression : p 34 ( cdc 2 ) , cyclin B 1 and PCNA . ^^^ Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that PCNA was located in the nucleus ; p 34 ( cdc 2 ) , both in the nucleus and cytoplasm ; and cyclin B 1 yielded a cytoplasmic spotted pattern with a perinuclear reinforcement . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The model is based on a bicyclic phosphorylation dephosphorylation cascade involving cyclin and cdc 2 kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Soluble hyaluronan receptor RHAMM induces mitotic arrest by suppressing Cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 expression . ^^^ Thus , we show that mitosis is directly linked to RHAMM through control of Cdc 2 and Cyclin B 1 expression . ^^^ Failure to sustain levels of Cdc 2 and Cyclin B 1 proteins leads to cell cycle arrest . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A histone H 1 phosphorylation assay was employed to measure cyclin B1 / Cdc2 kinase activity in extracts derived from irradiated and nonirradiated CA 46 cells that had been either treated or not treated with UCN 01 ; the phosphorylation status of Cdc 2 kinase protein in the same extracts was determined by use of western blotting . ^^^ Biochemical markers indicative of the G2 / M transition , including the activation of cyclin B1 / Cdc2 kinase and the suppression of Cdc 2 threonine 14 and tyrosine 15 phosphorylation , were detected in irradiated cells treated with UCN 01 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also found that poly ubiquitinated cyclin derivatives are still bound to p34cdc2 , which is not detectably ubiquitinated itself , raising the questions of how cyclin and cdc 2 dissociate from one another , and at what stage , in the process of degradation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Newly assembled cyclin B cdc 2 kinase is required to suppress DNA replication between meiosis 1 and meiosis 2 in starfish oocytes . ^^^ Micro injection of catalytically inactive GST cdc 2 K33R or GST cdk 2 K33R fusion proteins , each of which efficiently titrates cyclin B in oocytes and prevents assembly of cyclin B cdc 2 complexes , readily induces premature DNA replication in starfish oocytes after emission of the first polar body . ^^^ Moreover , partial ablation of cyclin B mRNA by micro injection of antisense oligonucleotides facilitates premature DNA replication induced by the dominant negative cdc 2 and cdk 2 mutant proteins . ^^^ We thus propose that enhanced translation of cyclin B after GVBD , a universal feature of oocyte maturation in the animal kingdom , and subsequent assembly of cyclin B cdc 2 complexes , are part of the checkpoint that prevents DNA replication in the oocyte after emission of the first polar body . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The role of cdc 2 , cdc 25 and cyclin A genes in the maintenance of immortalization and growth arrest in a rat embryonic fibroblast conditional cell line . ^^^ The role of the cell cycle control genes cdc 2 , cdc 25 and cyclin A in the maintenance of immortalization and in growth arrest was examined in the tsa 14 , a SV 40 T antigen rat embryonic fibroblast conditional for growth cell line . ^^^ The ability of cdc 2 , or cdc 25 , or cyclin A genes to maintain the tsa 14 immortal phenotype was also examined by electroporations of these genes into the tsa 14 cells . ^^^ Clones over expressing the electroporated cdc 2 , or cdc 25 , or cyclin A , or combinations of these genes growth arrested at the non permissive conditions similar to controls , thereby suggesting that the expression of these genes alone is insufficient for tsa 14 maintenance of immortalization . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The factor interacting with Site 2 include cdc 2 , cyclin A , an RB related protein and interferon regulatory factors ( IRFs ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The E6 / E7 oncoproteins of human papillomavirus ( HPV ) types 16 and 18 are responsible for the efficient immortalization of human genital keratinocytes and we have recently reported that such immortalized cells display alterations in the expression of cyclin A , cyclin B , and cdc 2 . ^^^ To determine whether these alterations were the consequence of E6 / E7 protein expression or whether they resulted from the process of cellular immortalization , we multiply infected primary genital keratinocytes with a retrovirus expressing the HPV 18 E6 / E7 genes and examined the cells for acute , pre immortalization changes in several critical cell growth regulatory proteins including cyclin A , cyclin B , cdc 2 , p 53 and c myc . ^^^ The cell cycle regulating proteins ( cyclin A , cyclin B , cdc 2 and p 53 ) change significantly within days after retroviral infection . ^^^ Cyclin B and cdc 2 increase over 4 fold by three passages and remain relatively constant thereafter through passage 21 , whereas the levels of p 53 protein decrease 25 % by passage three . ^^^ Increases in the expression of cyclin A , cyclin B and cdc 2 , and decreases in p 53 are therefore among the earliest observable changes in cell regulatory proteins following E6 / E7 gene expression and may be important contributors to the development of cell immortalization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have found that when added to Xenopus cell free extracts free of cyclin B and incapable of protein synthesis , the temporal pattern of cyclin A associated cdc 2 kinase activity showed distinct differences that were dependent on the concentration of cyclin A added . ^^^ When cyclin A was added to a concentration that generated levels of cdc 2 kinase activity capable of inducing nuclear envelope breakdown , the histone H 1 kinase activity profile was bi phasic , consisting of an activation phase followed by an inactivation phase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Entry into mitosis requires activation of cdc 2 kinase brought on by its association with cyclin B , phosphorylation of the conserved threonine ( Thr 167 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe ) in the T loop , and dephosphorylation of the tyrosine residue at position 15 . ^^^ Exit from mitosis , on the other hand , is induced by inactivation of cdc 2 activity via cyclin destruction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Yeast genetics have implicated three important genes involved in DNA ploidy changes : cdc 2 , cyclin b , and a specific inhibitor of the p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B kinase , rum 1 . ^^^ It was proposed that the inactivation of the mitotic kinase complex , p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B , induces a G ( 1 ) , state wherein the cells re replicate their DNA without an intervening mitosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The G 1 associated cyclin D 1 was not expressed at any stage of the anti Ig + IL 4 induced B cell cycle . cdk 2 , cdk 4 , and cdk 6 were induced during G 1 , whereas cell division cycle 2 ( cdc 2 ) was induced concomitantly with S phase . ^^^ Irrespective of their expression , the kinases cdk 2 and cdc 2 were only active from S phase onwards , suggesting that productive cyclin / kinase complex formation did not occur until that time . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surprisingly , E2F mediated repression is dependent on a contiguous corepressor element that resembles the CHR previously established as a corepressor of the CDE in cell cycle genes derepressed in S / G2 , such as cyclin A , cdc 2 and cdc25C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , TPA treated cells showed high levels of cyclin B and cdc 2 proteins , however no activation of cdc 2 was detected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This oscillator involves a phosphorylation dephosphorylation cascade that requires the synthesis of cyclin and results in the periodic activation of the cdc 2 protein kinase . ^^^ A minimal cascade model involving cyclin and cdc 2 kinase accounts for the occurrence of sustained oscillations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The total and the cdc 2 associated amount of cyclin B were both reduced by PMA . ^^^ These data suggested that the PKC pathway negatively regulates the G2 / M transition and that the inhibition of cdc 2 kinase by the reduction in the levels of cdc25B and cyclin B may contribute to this effect . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the early embryo cyclin E 1 complexes exclusively with Cdk 2 and cyclin A is complexed predominantly with Cdc 2 ; only later in development does cyclin A associate with Cdk 2 . ^^^ These results suggest that although in the early Xenopus embryo cyclin E 1 Cdk2 is sufficient to support entry into S phase , cyclin A Cdc 2 provides a significant additional quantity of SPF as its levels rise during S phase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our data indicate that the generally held consensus sequences for p 34 ( cdc 2 ) represent a significant oversimplification of its true specificity and that this specificity is conserved between species . p 33 ( cdk 2 ) and p 34 ( cdc 2 ) have similar but distinct substrate specificities that are affected modestly by the associated cyclin subunit . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Concomitantly cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 increased . ^^^ Treatment of mutated p 53 expressing cells ( SK23a cells kept at 37 degrees C ) with DX or , more so , with AMSA , resulted in a strong accumulation of cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 , in accordance with their ability to block cells in G 2 phase of the cell cycle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IFN gamma caused a rapid ( within 12 24 h ) down regulation of cyclin A , c myc , and cdc 2 proteins , as well as a disappearance of hyperphosphorylated forms of the retinoblastoma family proteins , Rb and p 130 . ^^^ Several mammary carcinoma cell lines demonstrated resistance to the growth inhibitory effects of IFN gamma and did not exhibit down regulation of cdc 2 and cyclin A expression or a change in hyperphosphorylation of Rb when treated with IFN gamma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this article we consider the role of the cyclin dependent protein kinase cdc 2 in regulating progression through the fission yeast cell cycle . ^^^ The onset of mitosis is governed by cdc 2 in partnership with the B type cyclin , cdc 13 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The phosphorylated form of cdc 2 increased during the interphase , indicating that the synthesis of cyclin B and accumulation of inactive pre maturation promoting factor ( pre MPF ) as well as abrupt dephosphorylation of cdc 2 at the first cleavage correlated with the activation of cdc 2 kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The nonresponders were found to express higher amounts of cellular proliferative markers , such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) , cyclin A , and cdc 2 kinase , but lower levels of growth suppressor genes ( TGF beta 1 , TGF beta 2 and p 53 ) before IFN treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , it showed relatively little effect on expression of the cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have previously shown that the promoter complex HiNF D , which interacts with cell cycle control elements in multiple histone genes , contains the key cell cycle factors cyclin A , CDC 2 , and a retinoblastoma ( pRB ) protein related protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Regulation of the acquisition of meiotic competence in the mouse : changes in the subcellular localization of cdc 2 , cyclin B 1 , cdc25C and wee 1 , and in the concentration of these proteins and their transcripts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In eukaryotes , mitosis requires the activation of cdc 2 kinase via association with cyclin B and dephosphorylation of the threonine 14 and tyrosine 15 residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The G 2 M transition of the cell cycle is triggered by the p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B kinase . ^^^ These results raise the possibility that the intermediate form T YP may be involved in the autocatalytic amplification of the p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B complex through phosphorylation / activation of the cdc 25 phosphatase and phosphorylation / inactivation of the wee 1 kinase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To study a possible basis for such regulation , we examined phosphorylation of poly ( A ) polymerase ( PAP ) by p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B ( maturation / mitosis promoting factor , MPF ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , the ability of xenoestrogens or exposure to 60 Hz fields to stimulate the entry of growth arrested human breast cancer cells into the cell cycle was determined using cyclin dependent kinase 2 ( Cdk 2 ) activity , synthesis of cyclin D 1 and cdc 2 activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treating breast cancer cells with 400 microM mimosine for 24 h inhibited cyclin E and cyclin A associated kinase activity by 85 % or more , although immunoblots using anti cyclin A , cyclin E , cdc 2 , and cdk 2 antibodies showed that these key subunits were still present in the cells at pretreatment levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prominent among the kinases responsible for regulating entry into mitosis is the Cdc 2 kinase , the first member of the cyclin dependent kinase ( Cdk ) family . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , the expression pattern of this cyclin is compared to that of Ntcdc 2 1 , a Nicotiana tabacum homologue of cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of the G 2 M checkpoint regulators cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 in nonmalignant and malignant human breast lesions : immunocytochemical and quantitative image analyses . ^^^ We investigated the in vivo expression of cyclin B 1 and Cdc 2 ( key molecules for G 2 M transition during the cell cycle ) in nonmalignant and cancerous human breast lesions using immunohistochemistry and quantitative proliferative index ( PI ) analysis . ^^^ Breast epithelial cells co expressed cyclin B 1 and Cdc 2 in their cytoplasm in the G 2 phase and in their nuclei in the M phase . ^^^ Cyclin B 1 , but not Cdc 2 , immunostaining rapidly disappeared from the nuclei during the mitotic metaphase to anaphase transition . ^^^ Proliferative index data for atypical hyperplasia were virtually identical to those for benign lesions and were significantly lower than those for breast cancer , suggesting that expression levels of cyclin B 1 and Cdc 2 may be used to distinguish premalignant human breast lesions from advanced disease . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
M phase promoting factor or maturation promoting factor , a key regulator of the G 2 > M transition of the cell cycle , is a complex of cdc 2 and a B type cyclin . ^^^ Phosphorylation of cyclin B 1 is not required for cdc 2 binding or cdc 2 kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Also , overexpression of cyclin A and cyclin E in SAOS 2 cells enhanced the ability of B MYB , but not c MYB , to transactivate various promoters , including the cdc 2 promoter , the HIV 1 LTR , and the simian virus 40 minimal promoter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both contact inhibition and TGF beta 1 suppressed the expression of a 45 kDa protein ( p 45 ) ; cyclins D 2 and B 1 ; cyclin dependent protein kinase ( Cdk ) 4 , Cdc 2 , and Cdc 2 associated activity ; and the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein ( pRb ) but did not affect the expression of cyclins D 1 , E , and A or the expression of Cdk 2 and Cdk 5 . ^^^ Thus suppression of p 45 , cyclin D2 / Cdk 4 , and cyclin B1 / Cdc 2 expression and / or activities is targeted both by contact inhibition and by TGF beta 1 and may define common mechanisms through which these negative growth signals are integrated . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This process is dependent on Rum 1 , an inhibitor of the Cdc 2 Cdc13 and Cdc 2 Cig2 cyclin B kinases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In a yeast two hybrid assay , cyclin A 1 can bind to CDK 2 but not to CDC 2 , CDK 4 , and CDK 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The protein levels of cdc 2 , CDK 2 , and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) were high during embryonic renal development and slowly decreased after birth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the effects of 2 hydroxy 17beta estradiol , a cell proliferator , and 2 methoxy 17beta estradiol , a potent inhibitor of cell growth , on the levels and activity of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) and on the levels of PCNA , as well as on protein phosphorylation in MCF 7 cells . 2 Hydroxyestradiol increased p 34 ( cdc 2 ) activity at G1 / S and elevated PCNA levels during S phase . 2 Methoxyestradiol caused unscheduled activation of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) in S phase and decreased levels of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) and PCNA during G2 / M . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
S phase nuclear extract could be replaced by recombinant human cyclins A and E complexed to Cdk 2 but not by Cdk 2 alone or by human cyclin B 1 complexed to Cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recent studies have implicated the cell cycle kinase cdc 2 and cyclin A in the inhibition of the fusion of endocytic vesicles in vitro during mitosis . ^^^ Cyclin A dependent kinases , cdc 2 and cdk 2 , were also found in isolated endosome fractions , showing a distinct kinetics of accumulation during the regenerative period . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Isolation of the gene for human CENP A revealed a regulatory motif in the promoter region that directs the late S / G2 expression of other cell cycle dependent transcripts such as cdc 2 , cdc25C , and cyclin A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show here that two components of the cell cycle control system , cyclin D 1 and the Cdc 2 kinase , are present in the proliferating precursor cells but not in differentiated oligodendrocytes , suggesting that the control system is dismantled in the oligodendrocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , increased cyclin A and E associated kinase activity was observed , while no change was detected in cyclin B associated kinase activity or in the activation state of cdc 2 kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The early steps following 17 alpha , 20 beta DP action involve the formation of the major mediator of this steroid , maturation promoting factor , which consists of cdc 2 kinase ( 34 kDa ) and cyclin B ( 46 48 kDa ) . ^^^ Immature oocytes contain only monomeric 35 kDa cdc 2 and do not stockpile cyclin B , although immature oocytes contain mRNA for cyclin B . 17 alpha , 20 beta DP induces oocytes to synthesize cyclin B , which in turn activates preexisting 35 kDa cdc 2 through its threonine 161 phosphorylation by a threonine kinase ( M 015 ) , producing the 34 kDa active cdc 2 . 17 alpha , 20 beta DP induced oocyte maturation is blocked by cordycepin , a polyadenylation inhibitor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclins A and B 1 activate cyclin dependent kinases CDK 2 and CDC 2 , which regulate cell progression through S and G 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rabbit vein grafts transfected with AS ODN against proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) and cell division cycle 2 ( cdc 2 ) kinase elaborated significantly more nitric oxide and exhibited greater vasorelaxation to both calcium ionophore and acetylcholine than did untreated or control ODN treated grafts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , 5 Jun transformed fibroblasts continue to cycle and maintain increased levels of retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein phosphorylation and elevated expression of cell cycle dependent markers such as cyclin A , cyclin dependent protein kinase 2 ( CDK 2 ) , and CDC 2 . 5 Jun transformed fibroblasts nevertheless remain wholly dependent on growth factors for cell multiplication , because cell cycle progression in the absence of serum is accompanied by high rates of apoptotic cell death . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have studied the changes in total cyclin A and B 1 levels , cyclin A and B 1 complexed to cdc 2 , cyclin B1cdc2 kinase activity and cyclin D proteins in EL 11 and EL 12 immortalized outgrowth lines . ^^^ No changes in the levels of total cyclin A or cycln A associated to cdc 2 were observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Schizosaccharomyces pombe gene pch 1 ( + ) ( pombe cyclin C homology ) was isolated in a two hybrid screen for proteins that interact with Cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Of 16 substrates tested , 14 can be directly phosphorylated in vitro by the mitotic CDK , cyclin B Cdc 2 , although three of these may be physiological substrates of other kinases activated during mitosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the absence of phosphorylation , cdk 2 , cdc 2 , and cdk 7 form highly stable complexes with their `` natural ' ' cyclin partners with dissociation constants in the nanomolar range . ^^^ In contrast , nonphosphorylated cdc 2 cyclin H , cdk 2 cyclin H , and cdk 7 cyclin A complexes present a 25 fold lower stability . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine whether an M phase mechanism is possible in AD neurons , we first investigated the presence of cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 in AD . ^^^ Double labeling studies showed that active cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 coexist in AD neurons and co localize with AD specific mitotic phospho epitopes . ^^^ Accordingly , the levels of cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 in p13suc1 fractions from AD were higher than normal . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The membranes were stained with amido black , scanned and tested separately with the nine monoclonal antibodies p 53 , c myc , PCNA , MEK 1 , pan ras , Cip 1 , Cdc 2 , Kip 1 , and TCTP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This G 2 M arrest was mediated by persistent inactivation of the cyclin B1 / cdc2 kinase complex characterized by both sustained accumulation of cyclin B 1 and tyrosine phosphorylation of cdc 2 . ^^^ Treatment with higher dosages ( 15 30 microM , 1 h ) resulted in S phase arrest and induced a similar high level of apoptosis in FA C and wild type cells , accompanied by degradation of cyclin B 1 and dephosphorylation of cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Consistent with altered mitotic checkpoint control , cells expressing T displayed elevated protein levels and / or associated activities of the mitotic regulatory proteins cyclin A , cyclin B , Cdc25C and p 34 ( cdc 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Second , inhibitory phosphorylation of cdc 2 , the kinase partner of cyclin A , reduced the S phase promoting activity of cyclin A in G 1 . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Cyclin A can drive the G1 / S transition , but this function is suppressed by three types of control : cyclin A destruction , inhibitory phosphorylation of cdc 2 , and inhibition by rux . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To test whether single endoluminal delivery of a combination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) and cell division cycle 2 kinase ( cdc 2 ) antisense might affect restenosis , we delivered 2 ml of lipid complexed PCNA / cdc2 antisense oligomers ( 1 . 35 mg ) to the coronary arteries of pigs after balloon overstretch angioplasty ( AS group ) and performed planimetric histomorphometry on arterial sections of the tissue , harvested at 4 wk . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Histone H 1 kinase activity was increased significantly in p 13 ( suc 1 ) precipitates of apoptotic PC 12 cells , which was due to increased activation and / or expression of cdc 2 kinase . ( 2 ) The protein levels of cyclin dependent kinase 4 , cyclin D , and proliferating cell nuclear antigen that are normally expressed in the cell cycle were increased during neuronal PC 12 cell apoptosis . ( 3 ) The levels of the catalytic subunit , but not the regulatory subunit of the calcium / calmodulin dependent protein phosphatase 2B , decreased significantly concomitant with a significant decrease in protein phosphatase 2B activity early in the apoptotic process . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
K252a did not inhibit the expression of genes involved in mitosis such as cyclin B , cdc25B and cdc 2 , in the first round S phase . ^^^ However , the cyclin B associated Cdc 2 kinase activity needed for mitosis during the G2 / M phase was reduced by K252a . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Antisense oligonucleotides against PCNA and cdc 2 kinase transferred into injured arterial walls by protein liposomes greatly reduced the message of those genes and inhibited neointima formation of the injured artery for 8 weeks . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cyclosome is inactive in the interphase of the embryonic cell cycle and is converted to the active form in late mitosis in a phosphorylation dependent process initiated by protein kinase Cdc 2 cyclin B . ^^^ The following evidence indicates that the binding of the cyclosome to p 13 ( suc 1 ) is not mediated via the Cdc 2 cyclin B complex : ( a ) activated cyclosome binds to p 13 ( suc 1 ) Sepharose following its separation from Cdc 2 cyclin B by gel filtration chromatography ; ( b ) cyclosome from interphase extracts , activated by a kinase in which cyclin B has been replaced by an N terminally truncated derivative fused to glutathione S transferase , binds well to p 13 ( suc 1 ) Sepharose but not to glutathione agarose . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , 5 mos transformed NIH3T3 cells will undergo arrest of proliferation in early G 1 upon serum withdrawal but are unable to appropriately down regulate cell cycle regulatory proteins , such as cyclin and cdc 2 proteins , that normally are down regulated in quiescent , untransformed NIH3T3 cells . ^^^ The elevation of these complexes in arrested 5 mos transformed cells may be the cause of the transcriptional activation of the E2F regulated genes cdc 2 , DHFR , cyclin A , and E2F1 seen in serum starved 5 mos transformed cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As mutational analysis of CDC 2 suggests that its cyclin binding domain is primarily located near its amino terminus , the majority of the mutations constructed in CDK 4 were located near its amino terminus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Abnormal activation of cyclin B associated CDC 2 kinase has been implicated in apoptosis induced by cancer chemotherapeutic agents such as paclitaxel ( Taxol ) and etoposide ( VP 16 ) . ^^^ Furthermore , subsequent apoptotic DNA fragmentation induced by GL 331 could be interrupted by treatment of the cells with the cyclin B 1 specific antisense oligonucleotides , suggesting that abnormal activation of cyclin B 1 associated CDC 2 kinase and CDC 25A phosphatase was involved in GL 331 induced apoptosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cell cycle regulatory molecules were analysed in normal human endometrial tissue using antibodies against cyclins D 1 , E , A , and B 1 and cyclin dependent kinases ( CDKs ) cdk 4 , cdk 2 , and cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To acquire a better understanding of the molecular events leading to quiescence in NR cells , we have analyzed the expression of cdc 2 and of two activators of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) : cyclin A and cyclin B 2 in the developing neuroretina . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blot analysis of BIP with cyclins / CDKs and E2F antisera indicated association with cdc 2 , cdk 2 , cdk 4 , cyclin B , cyclin D , cyclin A and E2F 4 but not with cdk 3 , cdk 5 , cdk 6 , E2F 1 , E2F 2 , E2F 3 , E2F 5 and cyclin E . ^^^ Furthermore , we have also demonstrated a direct interaction of in vitro translated BRCA1a and BRCA1b proteins with recombinant cyclin A , cyclin B 1 , cyclin D 1 , cdc 2 , cdk 2 and E2F fusion proteins in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also show that APC is a substrate for recombinant human p 34 ( cdc 2 ) cyclin B 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We find that human Myt 1 phosphorylates and inactivates Cdc 2 containing cyclin complexes but not complexes containing Cdk 2 or Cdk 4 . ^^^ Further , Cdc 2 . cyclin B 1 was capable of phosphorylating Myt 1 in vitro , but this phosphorylation did not affect Myt 1 kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we show , using an inducible p 53 expression system , that wild type p 53 overexpression in EJ bladder carcinoma cells , which have lost functional p 53 , triggers the rapid onset of G 1 and G2 / M growth arrest associated with p 21 up regulation and repression of mitotic cyclins ( cyclin A and B ) and cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin B dependent CDC 2 kinase activity has a key role in triggering the G2 / M phase transition during the mitotic and meiotic cell cycles . ^^^ This study used immunoprecipitation coupled western blot and in vitro reconstitution experiments to show that HSP 70 2 interacts with CDC 2 in the mouse testis , appears to be a molecular chaperone for CDC 2 , and is required for CDC2 / cyclin B 1 complex formation . ^^^ Although CDC 2 kinase activity for histone H 1 was present in the testis of wild type mice , it was nearly absent from the testis of Hsp 70 2 ( / ) mice , probably due to defective CDC2 / cyclin B 1 complex formation . ^^^ Furthermore , addition of HSP 70 2 to freshly prepared extracts of testis from Hsp 70 2 ( / ) mice not only restored CDC2 / cyclin B 1 complex formation but also reconstituted CDC 2 kinase activity in vitro . ^^^ It appears that one cause of failure to complete meiosis 1 during spermatogenesis in Hsp 70 2 ( / ) mice is disruption of CDC2 / cyclin B 1 assembly in pachytene spermatocytes , thereby preventing development of the CDC 2 kinase activity required to trigger G2 / M phase transition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Following stimulation with fetal calf serum ( FCS ) , quiescent human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells ( HUASMC ) synthesised cyclin D 1 mRNA and protein and cdk 2 mRNA in the G 1 phase , whereas cdc 2 protein was expressed after the onset of the S phase . ^^^ Heparin , a strong inhibitor of HUASMC proliferation , strongly down modulated the levels of cyclin D 1 mRNA and protein , cdk 2 mRNA and cdc 2 protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RA also inhibited cyclin B 1 and CDC 2 expression , possibly responsible for the reduction of the proportion of cells in G 2 + M and S phases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A dual specificity phosphatase Cdc25B is an unstable protein and triggers p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B activation in hamster BHK 21 cells arrested with hydroxyurea . ^^^ By incubating at 30 degrees C in the presence of an energy source , p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B was activated in the extract prepared from a temperature sensitive mutant , tsBN 2 , which prematurely enters mitosis at 40 degrees C , the nonpermissive temperature ( Nishimoto , T . , E . ^^^ Such an in vitro activation of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B , however , did not occur in the extract prepared from cells pretreated with protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide , although this extract still retained the ability to inhibit p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B activation . ^^^ When tsBN 2 cells arrested in S phase were incubated at 40 degrees C in the presence of cycloheximide , Cdc25B , but not Cdc25A and C , among a family of dual specificity phosphatases , Cdc 25 , was lost coincidentally with the lack of the activation of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B . ^^^ Consistently , the immunodepletion of Cdc25B from the extract inhibited the activation of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activity of Site 2 is regulated by an E2F independent mechanism involving binding of the oncoprotein IRF 2 and the multisubunit protein HiNF D , which contains the homeodomain CDP / cut , CDC 2 , cyclin A , and the tumor suppressor pRb . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As the PI increased , the mRNA and protein levels of cyclins D 1 , D 3 and B , the mRNA levels of cyclin A , the protein levels of CDK 4 and CDK 2 , and the activities of CDKs ( CDK 4 , CDK 2 and cdc 2 ) increased in the outer medullae of kidneys after ischemic injury . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The super recovery of cyclin E Cdk 2 coincided with the appearance of a small synchronous population of cells entering into S phase , consistent with transient G 1 phase delay / recovery regulated by cyclin E Cdk 2 , whereas the activities of cyclin A Cdk ' s ( 75 % cyclin A Cdk 2 ; 25 % cyclin A Cdc 2 when inhibition was maximal ) were correlated with rates of total DNA synthesis . ^^^ Western blot analysis demonstrated that levels of Waf1 / p21 did not increase during inhibition of cyclin A Cdk ' s and DNA synthesis in the irradiated p 53 mutated CHO cells ; however , Cdc 2 and Cdk 2 exhibited increased levels of phosphotyrosine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 42 kD cyclin was also produced by the digestion of native cyclin B forming a complex with cdc 2 , a catalytic subunit of MPF , and a fragment transiently appeared during cyclin degradation when eggs were released from metaphase 2 arrest by egg activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
UCN 01 prevented the increase of cyclin A / cyclin dependent kinase 2 activity induced by CPT and enhanced Cdc 2 kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , cyclin E may not simply bypass E2F function in the presence of p 16 , since it restores expression of E2F regulated genes such as cyclin A or CDC 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate a possible role of cdc 2 kinase in this process , cyclin B was injected into oocytes lacking c mos mRNA . cdc 2 kinase was activated , but mitogen activated protein kinase was not . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Early MAP kinase activation did not interfere significantly with DNA replication , cyclin synthesis , or association of cyclins with Cdc 2 , but it did prevent hyperphosphorylation of Cdc 25 and Wee 1 and activation of Cdc2 / cyclin complexes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Arsenite induced G 2 and mitotic delay are accompanied by accumulation of cyclin B 1 and hyperphosphorylation of cdc 2 and Mos proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MAP 2 , purified from mammalian brain , was phosphorylated by either cAMP dependent protein kinase ( PKA ) or cyclin B dependent cdc 2 kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To this end , we studied specifically the behavior of the two subunits of the complex that determines entry into mitosis , i . e . , cyclin B 1 , the regulatory unit , and cdc 2 protein kinase , the catalytic unit . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cdc25C , cdc 2 and cyclin A promoters are controlled by transcriptional repression through two contiguous protein binding sites , termed the CDE and CHR . ^^^ CDF 1 also binds avidly to the CDE CHR modules of the cdc 2 and cyclin A promoters , but not to the E2F site in the B myb promoter . ^^^ While E2F mediated repression seems to be associated with genes that are up regulated early ( around mid G 1 ) , such as B myb , CDE CHR controlled genes , such as cdc25C , cdc 2 and cyclin A , become derepressed later . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cdc25C , cyclin A and cdc 2 genes are regulated during the cell cycle through two contiguous repressor binding sites , the CDE and CHR , located in the region of transcription initiation and interacting with a factor termed CDF 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When treated with 17alpha , 20beta dihydroxy 4 pregnen 3 one ( 17alpha , 20beta DP ) , a natural maturation inducing hormone in fishes , fully grown zebrafish oocytes are induced to mature via the activation of the maturation promoting factor ( MPF ) , which consists of cdc 2 ( a catalytic subunit ) and cyclin B ( a regulatory subunit ) . ^^^ Immunoblotting experiments using monoclonal antibodies against cdc 2 , cyclin B , and cdk 7 ( an activator of cdc 2 ) have revealed that the concentrations of cdc 2 and cdk 7 are almost constant during oogenesis . ^^^ These results , which are identical to those in goldfish , strongly suggest that cyclin B is synthesized from stored ( masked ) mRNA after 17alpha , 20beta DP stimulation and that its binding to the preexisting cdc 2 allows cdk 7 to activate MPF . ^^^ These results indicate that , as in fully grown oocytes , growing oocytes are already equipped with the catalytic subunit of MPF ( cdc 2 ) and its activator ( cdk 7 ) and that the appearance of the regulatory subunit of MPF ( cyclin B ) is sufficient for initiating maturation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of this kinase is suppressed by DNA damage , and this may result from the imposition of inhibitory phosphorylations on the CDC 2 kinase as well as downregulation of cyclin B 1 levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This increase correlates with the rise in cdc 2 kinase activity reported previously and suggests an association between the length of the first meiotic M phase ( MI ) and the net synthesis of cyclin B , that seems to regulate the time required for the cdc 2 kinase to reach its maximum activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During the endomitotic cell cycle of megakaryocytic cell lines , the levels of cyclin B 1 and the activity of cyclin B 1 dependent Cdc 2 kinase , although detectable , are reduced as compared with megakaryocytes undergoing a mitotic cell cycle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ubiquitous transcription factor , NF Y , plays a pivotal role in the cell cycle regulation of the mammalian cyclin A , cdc25C , and cdc 2 genes , in the S phase activation of the ribonucleotide reductase R 2 gene , in addition to its critical role as a key proximal promoter factor in the transcriptional regulation of the albumin , collagen , lipoprotein lipase , major histocompatibility complex class 2 , and a variety of other eukaryotic and viral genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This decreased proliferative response was accompanied by a reduction in the total fraction of proliferating hepatocytes , as well as by a decline in the induction of cyclin A , cyclin B , and cdc 2 gene expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fertility is restored to the disruptant by deletion of Cig 2 B type cyclin or slight inactivation of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) . srw 1 ( + ) shares functional similarity with rum 1 ( + ) , having abilities to induce endoreplication and restore fertility to rum 1 disruptants . ^^^ We conclude that Srw 1 controls differentiation and cell cycling at least by negatively regulating Cig 2 and Cdc 13 associated p 34 ( cdc 2 ) and that one of its roles is to down regulate the level of the mitotic cyclin particularly in nitrogen poor environments . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cells arrested at G1 / S by lack of nimQMCM 2 contain p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B , but p 34 ( cdc 2 ) remains tyrosine dephosphorylated , even after DNA damage . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The substrate is human cyclin B1 / cdc2 phosphorylated on the inhibitory Thr 14 and Tyr 15 residues and activating Thr 161 on cdc 2 , and is relatively simple to produce from readily available materials . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The existence of increased E2F activity during hepatocarcinogenesis was further indicated by the transcriptional induction of putative E2F target genes involved in cell cycle progression , such as endogenous c myc , cyclin A , Cdc 2 , and E2F itself . ^^^ Cdc 2 overexpression and the elevated mitotic indices in the HCCs correlated also with induction of cyclin B steady state levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The distributions of histone HI kinase activity and of Cdc 2 and cyclin B ( the catalytic and regulatory subunits of MPF ) were followed by dissection of intact eggs following freezing and in cultured fragments separated by ligation . ^^^ Loss of phosphorylated ( inactive ) forms of Cdc 2 coincided spatially with the wave of MPF activation , while cyclin B 2 accumulation occurred in parallel in animal and vegetal regions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A cdk 7 like molecule was localized in the germinal vesicle , but not in oocyte cytoplasm , indicating that inactive cdc 2 kinase associated with cyclin B 1 derived from cytoplasm is activated by phosphorylation in the germinal vesicle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cut 12 is localized to the SPB throughout the cell cycle , predominantly around the inner face of the interphase SPB , adjacent to the nucleus . cut 12 ( + ) is allelic to stf 1 ( + ) ; stf1 . 1 is a gain of function mutation bypassing the requirement for the Cdc 25 tyrosine phosphatase , which normally dephosphorylates and activates the p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B kinase to promote the onset of mitosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These observations suggest that cyclin B 1 may compensate for the loss of cyclin B 2 in the mutant mice , and implies that cyclin B 1 is capable of targeting the p 34 ( cdc 2 ) kinase to the essential substrates of cyclin B2 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , Xenopus cyclin D 2 blocks subsequent rounds of DNA replication and the oscillations of histone H 1 kinase activity associated with cdc 2 kinase , indicating that the cell cycle is arrested after the first S phase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TPA inhibited Taxol mediated activation of p34cdc2 kinase by preventing the dephosphorylation of the Tyr 15 residue on p34cdc2 without altering the levels of Cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previous work has shown that postmitotic , differentiating fiber cells of the embryonic chicken lens express cyclin B and Cdc 2 . ^^^ Immunoprecipitation with cyclin B antibody coprecipitated Cdc 2 from both epithelial and fiber cell extracts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin B splice variant ( CBsv ) protein associates weakly in the cell with Xenopus cdc 2 and with budding yeast CDC28p . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In other experiments , p42MAPK activation by MEK or by Mos inhibited Cdc 2 activation by cyclin B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We showed previously that p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B ( MPF ) hyperphosphorylates poly ( A ) polymerase ( PAP ) during M phase of the cell cycle , causing repression of its enzymatic activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results indicated that generation of the P 3 connexin43 was dependent upon active p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B kinase . ^^^ Although the p 34 ( cdc 2 ) kinase phosphorylated connexin 43 in vitro on peptides containing serine 255 , the major phosphotryptic peptides in P 3 connexin43 from mitotic cells appeared to be the consequence of another protein kinase ( s ) , which may be activated by the p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Analyzing mRNA levels of various epithelial genes ( c myc , cdc 2 kinase , E2F , PCNA , p 53 , and RB , cytokeratins 5 and 10 ) we concluded that MCCs express markers of epithelial hyperproliferation together with markers of neuroendocrine differentiation ( NSE ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
T loop deletion of CDC 2 from breast cancer tissues eliminates binding to cyclin B 1 and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p 21 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three sequence specific transcription factors interact with overlapping recognition motifs within Site 2 : interferon regulatory factor IRF 2 ( HiNF M ) , the putative H 4 subtype specific protein H4TF 2 ( HiNF P ) , and HiNF D which represents a complex of the homeodomain protein CDP / cut , CDC 2 , cyclin A and pRB . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of the cyclin B cdc 2 kinase mitotic inducer involves dephosphorylation of two inhibitory residues , tyrosine 15 and threonine 14 , cdc 25 is the specific phosphatase that directly dephosphorylates and activates the cdc 2 kinase , cdc 25 activity is regulated by phosphorylation . ^^^ Although the cyclin B cdc 2 complex plays a role in activating cdc 25 , it is highly probable that a distinct protein kinase is involved as a trigger in cdc 25 activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Firstly , A kinase seems to directly compromise the activation process of the cdc 2 cyclin B mitotic kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently it has been found that B type cyclins in fission yeast regulate the activation of the cdc 2 kinase to promote the onset of both DNA replication and mitosis . cig 2 is the major G 1 cyclin while cdc 13 is the principal mitotic cyclin . cdc 13 also has an additional function in G 2 phase , preventing more than one round of DNA replication per cell cycle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cyclin B / Cdc2 complex , Cdc 2 kinase governs M phase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Upon increasing the level of Ca2+ with the help of the calcium ionophore A 23187 , there is a significant decrease in the cyclin B ( clb 1 ) mRNA level ; the cdc 2 mRNA level shows a marginal decrease . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This kinase activity could be attributed to both cdc 2 cyclin B and MAP kinase , opening new perspectives of investigation in somatic cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of other cell cycle mediators such as cyclin D 1 and the cyclin dependent kinases CDC 2 and CDK 2 was undetected and not induced by exposure to oxidative stress . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Immunohistochemical staining was performed on formalin fixed , paraffin embedded tissue sections of normal squamous epithelia ( 30 cases ) , cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ( CIN ) ( 21 cases ) , and invasive squamous carcinoma ( SCC ) ( 33 cases ) , using antibodies against estrogen receptors ( ER ) , progesterone receptors ( PR ) , cyclins ( E , A , and B 1 ) , cyclin dependent kinases ( cdk 2 and cdc 2 ) , and p 53 protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , induction of wild type Cdc 2 with a mitotic cyclin did not induce mitosis in pole cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we isolated cDNAs of starfish cyclin A and Cdc 2 , and monitored extensively the cell cycle dynamics of cyclin A and cyclin B levels and their associated Cdc 2 kinase activity , Tyr phosphorylation of Cdc 2 , and Cdc 25 phosphorylation states throughout meiotic and early embryonic cleavage cycles in vivo . ^^^ Cyclin B , but not cyclin A , associated Cdc 2 was subjected to regulation via Tyr phosphorylation , and phosphorylation states of Cdc 25 correlated with cyclin B / Cdc2 kinase activity with some exceptions . ^^^ Between meiosis 1 and 2 and at the pronucleus stage , cyclin A and B levels remained low , Cdc 2 Tyr phosphorylation was undetectable , and Cdc 25 remained phosphorylated depending on MAP kinase activity , showing a good correlation between these two stages . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
M phase promoting factor ( MPF ) , a complex of cdc 2 and a B type cyclin , is a key regulator of the G2 / M cell cycle transition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , cyclin C was primarily responsible for the induction of cdc 2 gene expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mitosis in human cells is initiated by the protein kinase Cdc 2 cyclin B 1 , which is activated at the end of G 2 by dephosphorylation of two inhibitory residues , Thr 14 and Tyr 15 . ^^^ We explored the possibility that entry into mitosis is also regulated by the subcellular location of Cdc 2 cyclin B 1 , which is suddenly imported into the nucleus at the end of G 2 . ^^^ Thus , nuclear targeting of cyclin B 1 and dephosphorylation of Cdc 2 both contribute to the control of mitotic entry and exit in human cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we isolated cDNAs of PCNA , cyclinB , cyclinD , and cdc 2 from pea . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Aortas from ACI rats were mock transfected or transfected with 18 base pair AS ODNs against the 5 ' start codon region of both CDC 2 kinase , and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) mRNA . ^^^ Efficacy of AS ODNs at blocking CDC 2 kinase and PCNA was verified on POD 6 by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Our data show the efficacy of AS ODN at blocking rat PCNA and CDC 2 kinase up regulation provoked by ischemia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Several markers of different phases of the cell cycle , such as cyclin A , cdk 2 , and cdc 2 , fail to be down regulated , indicating the occurrence of cell cycle progression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Instead , activation of these kinases seems to result from both a rapid cleavage of Wee 1 ( an inhibitory kinase of cdc 2 and cdk 2 ) and inactivation of anaphase promoting complex ( the specific system for cyclin degradation ) , in which CDC 27 homolog is cleaved during apoptosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis was associated with a delayed progression to S phase of the cell cycle , as determined by flow cytometry and detection of cyclin A and cdc 2 which are two proteins expressed during the S phase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using these cell lines , all of which had an intact mitogenic response program to serum , we show that : ( 1 ) an increase in GTP / GDP ratio is an early event that distinguishes cells capable of entering S phase after IGF 1 from cells that do not ; ( 2 ) all cells that are induced to synthesize DNA by IGF 1 have increased phosphorylation of MAP kinases , regardless of their ability to divide ; ( 3 ) the same cell lines display a similar increase in cyclin A and B expression at early times after stimulation ; and ( 4 ) cyclin levels and cyclin B associated cdc 2 kinase activity remain elevated at later times only in cells that undergo cell division . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Oocyte maturation is finally triggered by the maturation promoting factor ( MPF ) , which consists of Cdc 2 and cyclin B . ^^^ In immature oocytes , all Cdc 2 was a monomeric unphosphorylated inactive 35 kDa form and neither cyclin B 1 nor cyclin B 2 was present . ^^^ Mature oocytes contained the MPF complex consisting of an active 34 kDa Cdc 2 phosphorylated on threonine 161 and a 49 kDa cyclin B 1 or a 51 kDa cyclin B 2 . ^^^ The binding of Cdc 2 with cyclin B and its activation probably through the phosphorylation on threonine 161 occurred at almost the same time , in accordance with an electrophoretic mobility shift of Cdc 2 from 35 to 34 kDa . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The decrease in cyclin E and cyclin B dependent kinase activities was caused by increased p 21 and decreased cdc 2 levels , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We observed that binding of human CksHs 2 to p 34 ( cdc 2 ) was stimulated by cyclin B . ^^^ This stimulation was dependent on the activating phosphorylation of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) on Thr 161 , which follows cyclin binding and is mediated by the cdk activating kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Kinetic analysis showed that the signs of apoptosis were observed not until 60 h of continued GCV treatment and preceded first by a rise in p 53 protein level in 12 h and then by S phase / G2 phase cell cycle arrest associated with corresponding increases in the level of cyclin B 1 protein but no apparent change in protein level of Bax or Cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To test this hypothesis , a recently developed quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction method was used to assess simultaneously expression of 15 genes mechanistically associated with cell cycle control ( c myc , E2F 1 , p 21 , rb , PCNA , cyclin D 2 , cyclin D 3 , cyclin E , cdc 2 , CDK 2 , CDK 4 , mad , max p 21 , max p 22 , and p 53 ) in normal cell cultures from five individuals and in nine different malignant BEC lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , transcription from the cyclin A and cdc 2 promoters becomes impaired when cotransfected with hTAFII 250 containing inactive forms of the N terminal kinase domain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These observations suggest that genistein induces a G2 / M arrest in human breast cancer cells , the mechanism of which is in part due to inhibition of kinase activities of cdc 2 and cdk 2 , and decrease in cyclin B 1 expression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the addition of TPA blocked the increase in p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B 1 kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A co precipitation study showed that in cells treated with gamma LA there was an increase in the binding of these inhibitors with CDK 4 , CDC 2 , and cyclin E . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surprisingly , mutations in G2 / M phase regulators cyclin A and string ( cdc 25 ) , but not cyclin B 1 , B 3 , or cdc 2 , enhanced the DmcycEJP phenotype without affecting the number of cells entering S phase , but by decreasing the number of cells entering mitosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine the biochemical mechanism by which p 53 inactivates the G 2 checkpoint , the effects of p 53 activation on Wee 1 expression , Cdc 2 Y15 phosphorylation , and cyclin B 1 associated Cdc 2 kinase activity were examined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin dependent kinases cdk 4 , cdk 2 and cdc 2 , and the associated cyclins D , E and A have been studied . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gamma irradiated cells lacking p 53 arrested transiently in G 2 with Cdc 2 extensively phosphorylated at the inhibitory sites Thr 14 and Tyr 15 , and with both Cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 restricted to the cytoplasm . ^^^ Surprisingly , this enhancement of G 2 arrest was associated with a marked lack of inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdc 2 and with the nuclear localization of both Cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human herpesvirus 7 infection induces profound cell cycle perturbations coupled to disregulation of cdc 2 and cyclin B and polyploidization of CD 4 ( + ) T cells . ^^^ The expression of both cyclin dependent kinase cdc 2 and cyclin B was increased in HHV 7 infected cells with respect to the uninfected ones . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
K 252a induced polyploidization and differentiation of a human megakaryocytic cell line , Meg J : transient elevation and subsequent suppression of cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 expression in the process of polyploidization . ^^^ In the process of K 252a induced polyploidization , levels of expression of both cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 were elevated transiently and subsequently decreased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It was demonstrated that HSP 70 2 is a chaperone for Cdc 2 , with their association allowing Cdc 2 to acquire the necessary conformation to form a heterodimer with cyclin B 1 , leading to changes in Cdc 2 phosphorylation and the development of kinase activity necessary for the G 2 M phase transition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A link between MAP kinase and p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B during oocyte maturation : p 90 ( rsk ) phosphorylates and inactivates the p 34 ( cdc 2 ) inhibitory kinase Myt 1 . ^^^ M phase entry in eukaryotic cells is driven by activation of MPF , a regulatory factor composed of cyclin B and the protein kinase p 34 ( cdc 2 ) . ^^^ In G 2 arrested Xenopus oocytes , there is a stock of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B complexes ( pre MPF ) which is maintained in an inactive state by p 34 ( cdc 2 ) phosphorylation on Thr 14 and Tyr 15 . ^^^ Here we show that the C terminal regulatory domain of Myt 1 specifically binds to p 90 ( rsk ) , a protein kinase that can be phosphorylated and activated by MAPK . p 90 ( rsk ) in turn phosphorylates the C terminus of Myt 1 and down regulates its inhibitory activity on p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B in vitro . ^^^ Our results suggest that during oocyte maturation MAPK activates p 90 ( rsk ) and that p 90 ( rsk ) in turn down regulates Myt 1 , leading to the activation of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cdc25C , cyclin A and cdc 2 genes are regulated during the cell cycle through two contiguous repressor binding sites , the CDE and CHR , located in the region of transcription initiation and interacting with a factor termed CDF 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While the protein levels of cyclin D 1 , cyclin D 3 , CDK 4 , CDK 6 and CDK 2 were still detectable in adult atria , the protein levels of cyclin E , cyclin A , cyclin B , cdc 2 and PCNA were not detectable . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also noted in the chCTCF promoter several elements previously characterized in cell cycle regulated genes , including the `` cell cycle dependent element ' ' and `` cell cycle gene homology region ' ' motifs shown to be important for S / G2 specific up regulation of cdc25C , cdc 2 , cyclin A , and Plk ( polo like kinase ) gene promoters . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The presence of cyclin A , associated with cdk 2 or cdc 2 , increased the stability of the interaction between cdk 2 and p13suc1 by a factor of 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of cell cycle related proteins such as CDK 2 and 4 , cyclin proteins ( D 1 , E and cdc 2 ) , proliferating cell nuclear antigen , tumor suppressor proteins ( p 53 and Rb ) , CDK inhibitory proteins ( p21waf1 and p27Kip1 ) , and apoptosis inhibiting protein ( bcl 2 ) following diethylnitrosamine treatment was examined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Proliferation specific transcription is determined by the integrated activities of three distinct promoter factors interacting with H 4 Site 2 : the interferon regulatory factor IRF 2 ( synonymous with HiNF M ) , HiNF D ( a complex between the homeodomain protein CDP cut and the cell cycle mediators CDC 2 , cyclin A and pRB ) , as well as HiNF P / H4TF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When protein synthesis is inhibited , the activity of the cdc 2 kinase starts to rise but arrests shortly after GVBD with a slightly higher level in CBA / Kw oocytes , which may correspond to the presence of a larger pool of cyclin B 1 in prophase CBA / Kw oocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
G 2 arrest following DNA damage is associated with inactivation of the protein kinase cyclin B cdc 2 . ^^^ METHODS : Expression of cyclin B 1 , cdc 2 , cdc25c , total protein and DNA content were examined by flow cytometry in two lung cancer cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When human cDNAs encoding cyclins , cyclin dependent kinase 2 ( CDK 2 ) , CDK 4 , and cell division cycle 2 ( CDC 2 ) , were introduced , only CDK 4 overexpressing cells were more prone to apoptosis compared with parental cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We demonstrate that a constitutive truncated version of 10 PAK 1 ( 10 PAK 1 Cter ) does not prevent the association of cyclin B with p 34 ( cdc 2 ) but rather prevents the activation of the inactive complexes present in the oocyte . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Germinal vesicle material is dispensable for oscillations in cdc 2 and MAP kinase activities , cyclin B degradation and synthesis during meiosis in Xenopus oocytes . ^^^ Enucleated oocytes are also capable of resynthesizing both cyclin B 1 and cyclin B 2 after the initial degradation and of reactivating cdc 2 kinase . ^^^ Synthesis of mos protein and activation of MAP kinase concomitant with cdc 2 cyclin B reactivation are also unaffected by prior removal of the germinal vesicle . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mitosis promoting factor , a complex of cdc 2 kinase and cyclin B , is a key regulator of this and other events in the induction of cell division . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cell cycle arrest was independent of the cDNA contained in the expression cassette and was associated with the inappropriate expression and increase in cyclin A , cyclin B 1 , cyclin D , and cyclin dependent kinase p 34 ( cdc 2 ) protein levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our data indicate that C . batrachus MPF is a complex of cdc 2 kinase and cyclin B molecules . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Regulation by ionizing radiation of CDC 2 , cyclin A , cyclin B , thymidine kinase , topoisomerase IIalpha , and RAD 51 expression in normal human diploid fibroblasts is dependent on p53 / p21Waf1 . ^^^ Among 31 genes analyzed , we observed down regulation in response to IR of the mRNA levels of CDC 2 , cyclin A , cyclin B , thymidine kinase , topoisomerase IIalpha , and RAD 51 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Protein levels of cdk 4 , cyclin D 1 , cyclin D 2 , cyclin E , p 21 , and p 27 were not affected after CaM inhibition , whereas decreases in the amount of cyclin A and Cdc 2 were observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both have the molecular components of metaphase promoting factor , CDC 2 and CYCLIN B 1 ; however , the histone H 1 kinase activity of metaphase promoting factor of incompetent L / Z spermatocytes is not activated by OA , as it is in competent pachytene spermatocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These compounds inhibited growth and induced apoptosis ; these activities were associated with a decrease in the level of CDC 2 and cyclin B1 / CDC2 associated kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The transcript levels of an A and B type cyclin , as well as of the cdc 2 genes , declined in treated root tips , while the mRNA level of a D type cyclin gene was not affected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin B 1 activates cdc 2 , which regulates cell progression through the G 2 and M phases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For example , while the activity of cdk 2 and cyclin E was enhanced in T antigen expressing astrocytes compared to their levels in control cells , the activity of cdc 2 was decreased in this cell type . ^^^ In oligodendrocytes , expression of T antigen decreased the activity of several cyclins and cdks including cyclin E and cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using recombinant proteins , Cdc 2 was demonstrated to indirectly interact with TGFbeta RII via cyclin B 2 . ^^^ This interaction was reproduced in THP 1 monocytic cells , where TGFbeta treatment markedly enhanced the ability of cyclin B 2 and , correspondingly , Cdc 2 from TGFbeta treated THP 1 cells , to bind the GST TGFbeta RII fusion protein . ^^^ TGFbeta treatment also caused threonine phosphorylation of Cdc 2 in the TGFbeta RII cyclin B 2 Cdc2 complex in THP 1 cells , in parallel with down regulation of Cdc 2 function as measured by histone H 1 kinase activity . ^^^ Cyclin B 1 had the same capacity to bind TGFbeta RII and mediate indirect Cdc 2 binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
LATS 1 associated CDC 2 has no mitotic cyclin partner and no kinase activity for histone H 1 . ^^^ These biochemical observations indicate that LATS is a novel negative regulator of CDC2 / cyclin A , a finding supported by genetic data in Drosophila demonstrating that lats specifically interacts with cdc 2 and cyclin A . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tetraploidy is accompanied by significantly higher levels of cyclin B and its associated cdc 2 kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results show that , in parallel with the inhibition of cdc 2 activity , PMA addition enhanced the associations between p 21 and either cyclin B or cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin D 1 , cyclin B , cdk 4 , and cdc 2 protein expression and kinase activities remain constant . ^^^ Lack of activation of cyclin A and B cdc 2 was associated with a reduced proportion of cells in G2 / M phases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HSP 70 2 is required for Cdc 2 to form a heterodimer with cyclin B 1 , suggesting that it is a chaperone necessary for the progression of meiosis in the germ cells of male mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin B 1 is the regulatory subunit of the cdc 2 kinase and is a protein required for mitotic initiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclins are required for Cdc 2 kinase activity , and mutations in cyclin A and cyclin B bypass the requirement for mei 41 at the MBT . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results with ethyl acetate extracts of the rhizomes of Rheum palmatum showed that emodin significantly inhibited the activity of cyclin B / cdc2 protein kinase ( cdc 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Many cells , when cultured in suspension , fail to express cyclin A , a regulatory component of cell cycle kinases cdc 2 and cdk 2 and as a consequence , do not enter S phase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : The protein expression of cyclin ( D 1 , D 3 , E , and A ) and CDKs ( CDK 4 , CDK 2 , and cdc 2 ) was higher in primary colorectal carcinoma tissue than in adjacent normal tissue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Increased expression of cyclin B 1 and Cdc25C inhibited the Gadd 45 mediated G2 / M arrest in human fibroblasts , indicating that the mechanism of Gadd 45 mediated G2 / M checkpoint is at least in part through modulation of the activity of the G 2 specific kinase , cyclin B1 / p34 ( cdc 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of the cell cycle specific proteins pRb , Rb2 / p130 , p 107 , cyclin A , cdc 2 , and E2F 1 was decreased after DeltaRaf 1 : ER activation in DMS 53 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We demonstrate by western analysis that the expression levels of TP 53 ( formerly known as p 53 ) , CDKN1A ( formerly known as p21Waf1 ) , CDC 2 ( formerly known as p34cdc2 ) , CCNB 1 ( cyclin B 1 ) and RAD 51 are significantly modulated in confluent , density inhibited human diploid cell populations exposed to doses where only a small fraction of the nuclei are actually traversed by an alpha particle track . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The nocodazole synchronized cells progressed from M to G 1 phase in the absence of the drug , which was accompanied by a decrease of cyclin B 1 protein expression , disappearance of the complex formation of CDC 2 with cyclin B 1 and reduction of the kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The G 2 M transition of the cell cycle is under the control of the M phase promoting factor ( MPF ) formed of cdc 2 kinase and cyclin B . ^^^ The Xenopus prophase blocked oocyte contains a stockpile of cyclin B 2 cdc2 complexes that are maintained inactive by a double inhibitory phosphorylation on Thr 14 and Tyr 15 of cdc 2 . ^^^ Free cdc 2 molecules that are not associated with cyclin , are present in excess as compared to cyclin B 2 associated cdc 2 . ^^^ This pool of free cdc 2 is permanently recruited to associate with neosynthetized cyclin B 2 in the resting prophase oocyte , to feed up the pre MPF stockpile . ^^^ During re entry into meiosis , free cdc 2 could generate with newly synthesized cyclin B a small level of active MPF , that could serve as starter to initiate the conversion of pre MPF into MPF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we have analysed the effect of the SV 40 large T oncoprotein ( SV LT ) on the function of a different cell cycle regulated transcriptional repressor , CDF , which is the principal regulator of the cdc25C , cyclin A and cdc 2 genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This G2 / M restriction was further characterized by flow cytometry , which revealed cyclin A and cdc 2 kinase accumulation in paclitaxel treated cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolongation of G2 / M phase was associated with increased levels of cyclin B protein , decreases in cyclin A and cdc 2 proteins , and diminished cdc 2 activity . ^^^ SFV infection was accompanied by large increases in cyclin A and cdc 2 proteins and increased cdc 2 activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Association with Cdc 2 and inhibition of Cdc2 / Cyclin B 1 kinase activity by the p 53 regulated protein Gadd 45 . ^^^ While inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdc 2 and suppression of cyclin B 1 levels are known to be involved in G 2 delays after genotoxic stress , Gadd 45 has now been found to directly inhibit the activity of Cdc2 / Cyclin B 1 complex , while it had no appreciable effect on Cdk2 / Cyclin E activity even at very high levels of Gadd 45 . ^^^ Gadd 45 was also able to physically interact with Cdc 2 , but not Cyclin B 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the cell cycle regulatory mechanisms involved in the growth of smooth muscle tumors , we studied the expression of Ki 67 , cyclins E and A , and their catalytic partners , the cyclin dependent kinases cdk 2 and cdc 2 by using tissue specimens from benign and malignant smooth muscle tumors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin dependent kinase ( CDK ) activating kinases ( CAKs ) carry out essential activating phosphorylations of CDKs such as Cdc 2 and Cdk 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overproduction of human Myt 1 kinase induces a G 2 cell cycle delay by interfering with the intracellular trafficking of Cdc 2 cyclin B 1 complexes . ^^^ The Myt 1 protein kinase functions to negatively regulate Cdc 2 cyclin B complexes by phosphorylating Cdc 2 on threonine 14 and tyrosine 15 . ^^^ Throughout interphase , human Myt 1 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex , whereas Cdc 2 cyclin B 1 complexes shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm . ^^^ The COOH terminal 63 amino acids of Myt 1 were identified as a Cdc 2 cyclin B 1 interaction domain . ^^^ Myt 1 mutants lacking this domain no longer bound cyclin B 1 and did not efficiently phosphorylate Cdc 2 cyclin B 1 complexes in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Further analysis of constituent cell cycle proteins of these kinases by Western blot showed that A 23187 alone could not induce changes in cdc 2 , cdc 25 , or ERK 2 but induced reduction of cyclin B 1 . ^^^ IVF and A23187+CHX induced similar changes : cyclin B 1 was destroyed shortly after activation followed by accumulation of cyclin B 1 , phosphorylation of cdc 2 , and dephosphorylation of ERK 2 at pronuclear formation 15 h after activation . ^^^ Destruction of cyclin B is responsible for inactivation of MPF , while phosphorylation of cdc 2 is likely responsible for maintaining its low activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Down regulation was mediated by p 53 dependent transcriptional repression of the CDC 2 and cyclin B promoters . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A mathematical model for the cell cycle is proposed that incorporates the known biochemical reactions involving both cyclin A and cyclin B , the interactions of these cyclins with cdc 2 and cdk 2 , and the controlling effects of cdc 25 and weel . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also show that p 33 ( ringo ) binds to and activates the kinase activity of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) but does not associate with p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B complexes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In mammals , cyclin D can assemble with CDK 4 and CDK 6 , but not with Cdc 2 , to form active complexes . ^^^ Surprisingly , tobacco cyclin D and Cdc 2 proteins can form a complex in insect cells , which is able to phosphorylate tobacco Rb related protein in vitro . ^^^ Using immunoprecipitation with the anti cyclin D anti body , cyclin D can be found in a complex with Cdc 2 in suspension cultured tobacco BY 2 cells . ^^^ These results suggest that the cdc 2 gene modulates the cell cycle through the phosphorylation of Rb related protein by forming an active complex with cyclin D in plants . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The BL inhibition of Cdc 2 led to the accumulation of cells in the 4C phase without mitosis resulting in an accumulation of cyclin B 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
G 2 arrest induced by gamma rays was examined by flow cytometry , and the accumulation of cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 proteins was analyzed using Western blotting . ^^^ Western blot analysis showed that cell cycle regulators , cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 , were accumulated in HeLa but not in MeWo . ^^^ The accumulation of cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 reached peak levels 24 34 h after irradiation of 10 Gy , and 24 h after irradiation of 4 Gy . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Radioresistance of these human cancer cells is closely correlated with gamma ray induced G 2 arrest , and cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 are possible regulators of G 2 arrest . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe can be induced to perform multiple rounds of DNA replication without intervening mitoses by manipulating the activity of the cyclin dependent kinase p 34 ( cdc 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Whereas no substantial changes in c myc mRNA levels and p 21 , PCNA , cdc 2 , and CDK 2 protein levels were noted in PMEA treated K 562 cells , there was a marked accumulation of cyclin A and , most strikingly , cyclins E and B 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To examine the expression of specific S phase and M phase cell cycle regulatory proteins and their inhibitors , immunostaining and Western blot analysis was performed for cyclin A , CDK 2 , p 21 and p 27 , cyclin B and cdc 2 . ^^^ Sublytic C5b 9 attack reduced the expression of the M phase cell cycle proteins , cyclin B and cdc 2 , accompanied by reduced mitosis ( mitotic figures ) and cytokinesis ( cell number ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Changes that usually occurred following A 23187 exposure were inhibited in the presence of ammonium molybdate in the oocyte : MAPK dephosphorylation , p 34 ( cdc 2 ) rephosphorylation and cyclin B 2 and p 39 ( mos ) proteolysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A p 90 ( rsk ) mutant constitutively interacting with MAP kinase uncouples MAP kinase from p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B activation in Xenopus oocytes . ^^^ D 2 expression uncouples the activation of p 42 ( mpk 1 ) and p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B in response to progesterone but does not prevent signaling through p 90 ( rsk ) . ^^^ This new pathway that links the activation of p 42 ( mpk 1 ) and Plx 1 during oocyte maturation is independent of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B activity but requires protein synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lithium could also prevent the activation of cdc 2 , thereby inhibiting cyclin B / cdc2 kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of cyclin H protein , detected by western blotting of hippocampal tissue , was increased after global ischemia , but expression of cyclins B 1 and D 1 and other related cell cycle genes ( Cdk 7 and Cdc 2 ) was not increased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also demonstrate that although the 1 , 25D ( 3 ) treated cells exhibit elevated levels of cyclin B 1 , Cdc25C , and Cdk 7 , which are positive regulators of the G ( 2 ) / M traverse , these cells have decreased protein levels of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) and decreased p 34 ( cdc 2 ) kinase activity . ^^^ The data also suggest that the ability of some cells to traverse this block may be the result of cellular compensatory mechanisms responding to decreased p 34 ( cdc 2 ) activity by increasing the levels of other regulators of the G ( 2 ) traverse , such as cyclin B 1 , Cdc25C , and Cdk7 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Role of tyrosine kinase , ODC , and p34cdc2 kinase and cyclin B associated cdc 2 in jejunal enterocyte proliferation , maturation , and exfoliation in diabetic and DFMO treated rats . ^^^ Diabetic crypt enterocytes showed significant increases in activities of tyrosine kinase , ODC , total p34cdc2 kinase , and cyclin B associated cdc 2 as well as increased phosphorylation of proteins at tyrosine residues compared to control rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The disruption of p 21 activity affects the p 21 Rb E2F pathway in that the expression of genes transcriptionally regulated by E2F , such as cyclin A and cdc 2 , were found to be up regulated in injected cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TGF beta 1 induced a transient increase in the expression of Cdc 2 , cyclin A , cyclin B , and cyclin D 1 at an early phase of apoptosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show that the affinity of recombinant USF 1 for DNA is greatly increased by treatment with active cyclin A 2 p34 ( cdc 2 ) or cyclin B 1 p34 ( cdc 2 ) complexes and that its interaction with DNA is dependent on p 34 ( cdc 2 ) mediated phosphorylation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to determine whether keratoacanthoma ( KA ) is unique or a variant of squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC ) and whether expression of mitosis related antigens are associated with KAs ' tendency to regress , we compared the immunohistochemical expression of mitotic cyclins ( cyclins A and B ) and their cyclin dependent kinase p 34 ( cdc 2 ) in 21 KAs , 8 regressing KAs , and 28 conventional squamous cell carcinomas . ^^^ For the cyclin dependent kinase p 34 ( cdc 2 ) , no differences in pattern , distribution or mean levels of expression were found . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , PS oligodeoxynucleotides targeted against the genes c myb , c myc , cdc 2 kinase , cdk 2 kinase , and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) when delivered adventitially or intraluminally inhibit in vivo neointimal formation after balloon injury in both the rat carotid and porcine coronary artery models . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of cell cycle regulatory proteins demonstrated that As ( 2 ) O ( 3 ) ( 2 microM ) did not change the steady state levels of CDK 2 , CDK 4 , CDK 6 , cyclin D 1 , cyclin E and cyclin A , but decreased the protein levels of cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We focused our attention on cyclin B proteins because they are synthesized in response to progesterone , they bind to p 34 ( cdc 2 ) , and their microinjection into resting oocytes induces meiotic maturation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have reported previously that inducible expression of the p 53 gene leads to the cell cycle arrest both at G ( 1 ) and G ( 2 ) / M in association with induction of p 21 and reduction of mitotic cyclins ( cyclin A and B ) and cdc 2 mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This process was associated with a failure of the 14 3 3sigma deficient cells to sequester the proteins ( cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 ) that initiate mitosis and prevent them from entering the nucleus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Olomoucine and roscovitine , the potent p 34 ( cdc 2 ) and CDK 2 inhibitors , effectively blocked CD 437 mediated cyclin A and B dependent kinase activation and prevented CD 437 induced cell death . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In uninfected cells the G ( 2 ) / M transition is regulated by cyclin kinase complex containing cdc 2 and , initially , cyclin A , followed by cyclin B . cdc 2 is downregulated through phosphorylation by wee 1 and myt 1 and upregulated by cdc 25C phosphatase . ^^^ The results were as follows . ( 1 ) Cyclin A and B levels were reduced beginning 4 h after infection and were undetectable at 12 to 16 h after infection . ( 2 ) cdc 2 protein also decreased in amount but was detectable at all times after infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present work we have characterized an activity present in quiescent cells and absent in cells blocked in S phase , which binds specifically to cyclin A CHR , but not to B myb , or to cdc25C , or to cdc 2 CHRs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transcription of cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 , determined using reporter constructs driven by the two promoters , was suppressed in response to the induction of p 53 . ^^^ Suppression requires the regions 287 to 123 of the cyclin B 1 promoter and 104 to 74 of the cdc 2 promoter . p 53 did not affect the inhibitory phosphorylations of CDC 2 at threonine 14 or tyrosine 15 or the activity of the cyclin dependent kinase that activates CDC 2 by phosphorylating it at threonine 161 . ^^^ Constitutive expression of cyclin B 1 , alone or in combination with the constitutively active CDC 2 protein T14A Y15F , did not reverse p 53 dependent G 2 arrest . ^^^ However , targeting cyclin B 1 to the nucleus in cells also expressing CDC 2 T14A Y15F did overcome this arrest . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This liver regeneration phenotype is associated with protracted expression of cyclin D 1 and C / EBPbeta , which are involved in stimulating DNA replication and premature expression of M phase promoting cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Microinjection of mRNA encoding S128D / T201D Plx 1 into Xenopus oocytes induced directly the activation of both Cdc25C and cyclin B Cdc 2 . ^^^ In addition , during anaphase T201D Plx 1 reduced preferentially the degradation of cyclin B 2 and delayed the reduction in Cdc 2 histone H 1 kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast to the G 1 arrest , adriamycin induced G 2 arrest was relatively tight and correlated with the Thr 14 / Tyr 15 phosphorylation of cyclin B Cdc 2 complexes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This G ( 2 ) delay is associated with reduced cyclin B 1 specific associated histone H 1 kinase activity , increased inhibitory phosphorylation of p 34 ( Cdc 2 ) , and depressed cyclin B 1 levels in HeLa cells . ^^^ Induction of cyclin B 1 or expression of Cdc2AF , a mutant p 34 ( Cdc 2 ) that lacks the sites of inhibitory phosphorylation , only partially reverses the radiation associated G ( 2 ) delay , although both maneuvers rapidly result in increased histone H 1 kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During the transition from mitosis to endoreduplication in maize endosperm , CycZme 1 transcript declined precipitously while transcripts associated with S phase ( histone H 3 and PCNA ) and multiple phases of the cell cycle ( Cdc 2 , alpha tubulin ) remained at moderate to high levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The induction of cyclin A and cdc 2 , the phosphorylation of cdk 2 , the nuclear translocation of cdk 4 and the assembly of cyclin D 3 cdk4 complexes required the synergy of TSH and insulin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results indicated that Ca ( 2+ ) store depletion caused an increased expression of p 21 and p 27 proteins ( cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors ) , with unchanged mutant p 53 protein of C 6 cells but reduced amounts of the cell cycle regulators : cyclin dependent kinase 2 ( CDK 2 ) , cdc 2 , cyclin C , cyclin D 1 , cyclin D 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) in a time dependent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , cardiac failure was induced by ventricular pacing in dogs , and changes in the quantity of cyclin D 2 , cyclin A , cyclin B , cdk 2 , and cell division cycle 2 ( cdc 2 ) in control and paced myocytes were measured . ^^^ Comparable changes were observed for cyclin B . cdc 2 protein increased 8 fold , and cdk 2 and cdc 2 activity increased 3 fold and 5 fold , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 in Helicobacter pylori associated gastric MALT and MALT lymphoma : relationship to cell death , proliferation , and transformation . ^^^ Proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) , Cdc 2 , and cyclin B 1 were examined in paraffin embedded tissue by immunohistochemistry , while the apoptotic index ( AI ) was determined using the TUNEL assay . ^^^ Proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) , Cdc 2 , and cyclin B 1 were examined in paraffin embedded tissue by immunohistochemistry , while the apoptotic index ( AI ) was determined using the TUNEL assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report here the identification of cyclin A and cyclin B proteins and their cofactor ( p 34 ( cdc 2 ) ) in making up the mitosis promoting factor ( MPF ) in protein extracts from egg and muscle tissues of Penaeus vannamei . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cycloheximide treated oocytes failed to undergo meiotic maturation in response to 17alpha , 20beta DP ; in this group neither cyclin B nor 34 kDa active cdc 2 was detectable in oocytes . ^^^ In contrast , oocytes exposed to actinomycin D plus 17alpha , 20beta DP or 17alpha , 20beta DP underwent maturation ; in these groups both cyclin B and 34 kDa cdc 2 were present . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GA treatment down regulated the expression of cyclin B 1 and inhibited phosphorylation of Cdc 2 protein , both key regulatory proteins at the G2 / M boundary . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the Xenopus oocyte model , meiotic maturation is triggered by MPF , a complex of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) cyclin B , which is activated in response to a progesterone signal by largely unknown mechanisms . ^^^ Activation of mitogen activated protein kinase and cyclin B p 34 ( cdc 2 ) is coincident with 10 PAK 2 inactivation , and purified active MPF inhibits 10 PAK 2 , demonstrating the existence of a new positive feedback loop . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The role of cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 kinase in cell cycle arrest was analyzed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , treatment with heregulin increased protein levels of CDK 2 , CDK 6 , CDC 2 , and cyclin B 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cell cycle alterations induced by beta lapachone were congruous with changes in cell cycle regulatory proteins such as cyclin A , cyclin B 1 , cdc 2 , and cyclin D 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TNF alpha promoted cell cycle progression by increasing expression of HPV 16 E6 / E7 RNAs and enhancing activity of cyclin dependent kinase ( cdk ) 2 and cdc 2 after 3 d . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While hepatic tissues obtained from the DEN treated mice showed a remarkable increase in the levels of p 21 ( ras ) , PCNA and CDC 2 proteins , eating a curcumin containing diet reversed the levels to normal values . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interaction of Xenopus Cdc 2 10 cyclin A 1 with the origin recognition complex . ^^^ This kinase activity also copurifies with ORC over several fractionation steps and was identified as a complex of the Cdc 2 catalytic subunit and cyclin A 1 . ^^^ Reciprocal immunoprecipitations with anti Xenopus Cdc 2 or anti Xenopus cyclin A 1 antibodies specifically co precipitate XOrc 1 and XOrc 2 . ^^^ Our results indicate that Xenopus ORC and Cdc 2 10 cyclin A 1 physically interact and demonstrate a physical link between an active cyclin dependent kinase and proteins involved in the initiation of DNA replication . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We demonstrate for the first time that in vivo inhibition of the cdc 2 cyclin B kinase activity is sufficient to give rise to okadaic acid sensitive dephosphorylation of the mitotically phosphorylated forms of components of the rDNA transcription machinery , and consequently to restore rDNA transcription in mitotic cells . ^^^ These results , showing that during mitosis the rDNA transcription machinery is maintained repressed by the cdc 2 cyclin B kinase activity , provide an in vivo demonstration of the cell cycle dependent regulation of rDNA transcription . ^^^ Moreover this suggests that inhibition of the cdc 2 cyclin B kinase is not sufficient to activate the 47S pre rRNA processing machinery and / or to induce its relocalization at the level of newly synthesized 47S pre rRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Degradation of cyclin A does not require its phosphorylation by CDC 2 and cyclin dependent kinase 2 . ^^^ Here we present evidence from in vitro and in vivo assay systems that the degradation of human cyclin A can be inhibited by kinase inactive mutants of CDK 2 and CDC 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro experiments confirm that the presence of the cdc 2 kinase and its regulatory subunit cyclin B is required for the phosphorylation of the Ki 67 protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Constitutive activation of cyclin B 1 associated cdc 2 kinase overrides p 53 mediated G 2 M arrest . ^^^ Biochemical analysis showed that p 53 inhibits cell cycle dependent expression of cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 and consequently inhibits cdc 2 kinase . ^^^ The role of cyclin B 1 associated cdc 2 kinase in p 53 mediated G 2 M arrest was further investigated by expression of both cyclin B 1 and cdc2AF , in which inhibitory phosphorylation sites were substituted . ^^^ The cells expressing both cdc2AF and cyclin B 1 showed a constitutive activation of cdc 2 kinase during cell cycle progression and passed through G 2 M regardless of p 53 expression . ^^^ Therefore , inactivation of cdc 2 kinase through cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 repression is an essential step in p 53 mediated G 2 M arrest . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Increased D type cyclin expression together with decreased cdc 2 activity confers megakaryocytic differentiation of a human thrombopoietin dependent hematopoietic cell line . ^^^ In addition , expression levels of cyclin A and cyclin B were reduced during the total course of both TPO and Ha Ras ( G12V ) induced megakaryocytic differentiation , thereby leading to decreased cdc 2 kinase activity . ^^^ Neither the induced expression of cyclin D 1 , cyclin D 2 , or cyclin D 3 nor the expression of a dominant negative form of cdc 2 alone could induce megakaryocytic differentiation of F 36P mpl cells . ^^^ In contrast , overexpression of dominant negative cdc 2 together with cyclin D 1 , cyclin D 2 , or cyclin D 3 facilitated megakaryocytic differentiation in the absence of TPO . ^^^ These results suggest that both D type cyclin expression and decreased cdc 2 kinase activity may participate in megakaryocytic differentiation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Arrested cells accumulate cyclin B , the regulatory partner of the mitotic p 34 ( cdc 2 ) kinase , which is normally not abundant until late G ( 2 ) phase ; treatment of arrested cells with caffeine produces rapid S phase condensation . ^^^ Addition of deoxyribonucleosides shows that rapid S phase condensation is suppressed by a novel checkpoint mechanism : purine ( but not pyrimidine ) deoxyribonucleosides , like reverse transformation , suppress cyclin B / p34 ( cdc 2 ) activation by caffeine , but not cyclin B accumulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The concentrations of cyclin D 1 and p21Waf1 / Cip1 were dramatically increased , whereas those of cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 were decreased , by PMA treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , 200 nM staurosporine increased the expression of cyclin B and cdc 2 proteins , suggesting that the cells progressed through the G2 / M transition , and increased the expression of MPM 2 protein , indicating that the cells entered M phase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Additionally , pertussis toxin impaired the activity of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) , a cyclin dependent kinase involved in the transition from M phase to G ( 1 ) , but not the S phase cyclin , cyclin E . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of a Plasmodium falciparum cdc 2 related kinase by heterologous p 25 and cyclin H . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our data suggest that translational inhibition of B cyclin expression represents a third mechanism , in addition to cyclin degradation and Rum 1 inhibition , that contributes to Cdc 2 inactivation as cells exit from the mitotic cell cycle and prepare for meiosis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A specific inhibitor of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B suppresses fertilization induced calcium oscillations in mouse eggs . ^^^ To determine the possible role of MPF in regulation of cytoplasmic Ca ( 2+ ) excitability , roscovitine , a specific inhibitor of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B kinase , was used to inactivate MPF , and its effect on fertilization induced Ca ( 2+ ) oscillations was investigated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Premature chromosome condensation ( PCC ) was induced by incubating unstimulated HPBL in the presence of okadaic acid ( OA , a phosphatase inhibitor ) , adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) , and p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B kinase [ an essential component of mitosis promoting factor ( MPF ) ] , which eliminated the need for fusion with mitotic cells . ^^^ In unstimulated HPBL , PCC was induced by the addition of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B kinase at concentrations as low as 5 units / ml to a cell culture medium containing OA . ^^^ Increases in the concentration of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B kinase from 5 to 50 units / ml resulted in a concentration dependent increase in PCC yield ( 30 % to 42 % ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , the addition of supernatants from alpha irradiated cells to unirradiated cells decreases cellular levels of TP 53 and CDKN1A and increases CDC 2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the latter . ^^^ As well , the proliferating cell nuclear antigen and CDC 2 increases that occur along with the decreased TP53 / CDKN1A bystander effect also would expectedly favor enhanced cell growth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have been able to identify a number of genes , including B myb , cyclin A , cdc 2 , cdc 6 , and DHFR , whose expression is dependent on the presence of E2F3 but not E2F1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both cellular cyclin B levels and CDC 2 activity were substantially reduced . ^^^ These cell cycle changes are associated with inhibition of cyclin B expression , resulting in reduced CDC 2 activity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The key regulator of G ( 2 ) M transition of the cell cycle is M phase promoting factor ( MPF ) , a complex composed of cdc 2 and a B type cyclin . ^^^ We found that cdc 2 , cyclin B 1 and cyclin F form a complex that exhibits histone H 1 kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To explore the mechanism by which PMA potentiates polyploidization , the levels of the G 1 checkpoint related proteins cyclin E and cdk 2 , and those of the G 2 checkpoint related proteins cyclin B and cdc 2 were determined by flow cytometry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the Rb hSWI / SNF complex persists and is sufficient to maintain repression of the cyclin A and cdc 2 genes , inhibiting exit from S phase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phosphorylation of JunB by the p 34 ( cdc 2 ) cyclin B kinase is associated with lower JunB protein levels in mitotic and early G ( 1 ) cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To explore whether GGT affects the transcription of cell cycle regulating genes , we evaluated mRNA expression of p 53 , p21Waf1 PCNA , Cyclin D 1 , Cdc 2 , Histone H 3 , c Myc , and c Fos using a quantitative RT PCR analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effect of dexamethasone on the expression of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) and cyclin B 1 in pig oocytes in vitro . ^^^ At the G 2 M boundary , maturation promoting factor ( MPF ) activation is usually induced via several ways , including tyrosine dephosphorylation of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) and synthesis of cyclin B according to cell type and species . ^^^ The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the influence of glucocorticoids on the expression of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) and cyclin B 1 in resumption of meiosis of pig oocytes . ^^^ We detected the relative levels and association of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) and cyclin B 1 . ^^^ We found that cyclin B 1 , as well as p 34 ( cdc 2 ) , was already present in fully grown G 2 arrested pig oocytes when removed from the follicle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Specific down regulation of the cyclin A protein level in A549 / p16 1 cells was observed after CPT 11 treatment , whereas cyclin B , cdk 2 , and cdc 2 protein levels were unaffected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin B 1 is the regulatory subunit of the cdc 2 serine / threonine kinase , and accumulation of cyclin B 1 in late G 2 phase of the cell cycle is a prerequisite for mitotic initiation in mammalian cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Other E2F regulatory genes , including c myc , cyclin A , and cdc 2 , were also down regulated in mesangial cells cultured on polymerized collagen matrix . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The bipartite repressor elements , termed cell cycle dependent element ( CDE ) / cell cycle regulatory element ( CCRE ) cell cycle homology region ( CHR ) control the growth dependent transcription of the cyclin A , cdc25C , cdc 2 genes . ^^^ Electrophoretic mobility shift assays suggest that two different protein complexes bind independently to the p 130 CDE and CHR elements , and that the protein ( s ) bound to the CDE might be related to those bound on cyclin A and cdc 2 promoters . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In short , cell growth was reduced , homeostasis occurred , cell morphology became enlarged and flat , the cell cycle was arrested at G 1 phase , cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 expression was down regulated , and DNA synthesis was suppressed . ^^^ Paclitaxel treatment gradually and significantly blocked cell cycle progression at G2 / M phase and increased the accumulation of cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 in H 358 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mechanism was p 21 and retinoblastoma protein ( pRB ) dependent and involved an initial inhibition of cyclin B 1 Cdc2 activity and a secondary decrease in cyclin B 1 and Cdc 2 levels . ^^^ Abrogation of p 21 or pRB function in cells containing wild type p 53 blocked the down regulation of cyclin B 1 and Cdc 2 expression and led to an accelerated exit from G ( 2 ) after genotoxic stress . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In leiomyomal cells , the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) , cyclin E and cdc 2 was significantly increased by HCG treatment ( P < 0 . 05 ) even at the lowest concentration used ( 3 nmol / l ) . ^^^ In myometrial cells , the expression of cyclin E and cdc 2 was significantly increased by HCG treatment ( P < 0 . 05 ) only at the highest concentration used ( 30 nmol / l ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Germinal vesicle breakdown and subsequent oocyte maturation is triggered by activation of the p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B complex , which is present as the preform in the cytoplasm . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blot analysis revealed that 50 microM DADS did not influence the quantity of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) protein expressed , but did decrease the amount associated with cyclin B ( 1 ) by 26 % ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ The present studies suggest that the ability of DADS to inhibit p 34 ( cdc 2 ) kinase activation occurs because of decreased p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B ( 1 ) complex formation and modest p 34 ( cdc 2 ) hyperphosphorylation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recent studies indicate that P . carinii uses a Cdc 2 cyclin dependent kinase to control its proliferation . ^^^ To further study the regulation of the life cycle of P . carinii , we characterized the P . carinii B type cyclin termed Cdc 13 , whose binding to Cdc 2 is necessary for kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study showed that ALK ( + ) lymphomas , detected with the monoclonal antibody ALKc ( n = 17 ) , had significantly higher average values for the proliferation associated parameters mitotic index , ana / telophase index , growth index ( 10 10 mitotic index apoptotic index , assuming 10 = 3 ) , percentages of Ki 67 ( + ) cells and fraction of cells expressing cyclin A or B or the cell cycle regulatory protein p 34 ( cdc 2 ) than did ALK ( ) ALCLs ( n = 15 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blot analysis demonstrated that treatment with As2O3 ( 2 microM ) for 72 h did not change the steady state levels of CDK 2 , CDK 4 , cyclin D 1 , cyclin E , and cyclin B 1 but decreased the levels of CDK 6 , cdc 2 , and cyclin A . ^^^ In addition , As2O3 markedly enhanced the binding of p 21 with CDK 6 , cdc 2 , cyclin E , and cyclin A compared with untreated control cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Also critical in the regulation of S phase are the actions of the cyclin dependent kinases , Cdk 2 and cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Doxorubicin treatment did not alter cyclin B or cdc 2 protein levels , the ability of cdc 2 to form complexes with cyclin B or the levels of cyclin B bound to cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Maturation promoting factor ( MPF ) , a complex of Cdc 2 and cyclin B , is the final inducer of oocyte maturation . ^^^ Full grown immature oocytes of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis contain inactive MPF ( pre MPF ) that comprises cyclin B bound Cdc 2 phosphorylated on Tyr15 / Thr14 and Thr 161 . ^^^ Full grown immature oocytes of these species contain monomeric Cdc 2 but not cyclin B . ^^^ MPF is formed after hormonal stimulation by binding of the newly produced cyclin B to the pre existing Cdc 2 and is immediately activated through Thr 161 phosphorylation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have used this finding to investigate whether [ Ca ( 2+ ) ] ( 1 ) transients control p 34 ( cdc 2 ) kinase activity in living cells via a mechanism that involves cyclin B or the phosphorylation state of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) . ^^^ Moreover , we find that [ Ca ( 2+ ) ] ( 1 ) transients are not required for the synthesis of cyclin B , its binding to p 34 ( cdc 2 ) or its destruction during anaphase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We conclude that HPAEC treated with low concentrations of MCTP develop G 2 arrest in association with persistent cyclin B 1 expression , failure to completely activate cdc 2 , and continued DNA synthesis through a pathway that is unrelated to altered expression of p53 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blot analyses indicated that both p 34 ( cdc 2 ) and cyclin B 1 proteins were also decreased after apigenin treatment . ^^^ These results indicate that apigenin inhibits colon carcinoma cell growth by inducing a reversible G2 / M arrest and that this arrest is associated , at least in part , with inhibited activity of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) kinase and reduced accumulation of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) and cyclin B 1 proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cell cycle regulators , maturation promoting factor ( MPF ; [ p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B kinase ] ) and mitogen activated protein ( MAP ) kinases ( p 42 ( MAPK ) and p 44 ( MAPK ) ) , are implicated in meiotic competence acquisition . ^^^ Incompetent oocytes contain levels of p 42 ( MAPK ) , p 44 ( MAPK ) , and cyclin B proteins that are comparable to those in competent oocytes , but their level of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) is markedly lower . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin E formed a complex mainly with Cdk 2 just at the time of germinal vesicle breakdown ( GVBD ) in association with the increase in Cdk 2 kinase activity , although a fraction of cyclin E bound to Cdk ( s ) other than Cdk 2 and Cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The timing of ect 2 expression matched that of proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) and partially overlapped cell division cycle 2 ( Cdc 2 ) expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the arrested cells , both Cdc 2 activity and nuclear translocation of cyclin B 1 are inhibited , suggesting the involvement of Reprimo in the Cdc2 . cyclin B 1 regulation pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the absence of functional p21WAF1 / CIP1 inhibitor , the activity of G 1 cyclin / Cdk complexes was insufficiently inhibited to cause a G 1 arrest , whereas a decrease of cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 associated kinase activities was enough to contribute to a reversible G 2 arrest following gamma irradiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MPF is the complex of Cdc 2 and cyclin B , and its function in promoting metaphase is common among species . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , no up regulation of cdc 2 protein was observed when paclitaxel treated cells were prevented from entering mitosis by treatment with purvalanol A , a cyclin dependent kinase ( CDK ) inhibitor , or stimulated to exit mitosis with 2 AP , a non specific kinase inhibitor . ^^^ In addition , when paclitaxel induced apoptosis was inhibited by Bcl 2 over expression , cdc 2 up regulation did not occur , leading to a lower level of activation of the cyclin B / cdc2 complex . ^^^ Taken together , these results indicated that paclitaxel induced cdc 2 protein synthesis participates in a positive feedback loop designed to increase the activity of cyclin B / cdc2 kinase and thus may play a role in paclitaxel induced apoptosis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using the meiotic extract , we found that a low level of Cdc 2 activity remained at the exit of meiosis 1 ( MI ) , due to incomplete degradation of cyclin B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In G ( 1 ) , when cdc 2 cyclin kinase activity is low , unphosphorylated ste9 / srw1 interacts with APC / C . ^^^ In the rest of the cell cycle , phosphorylation of ste9 / srw1 by cdc 2 cyclin complexes both triggers proteolysis of ste9 / srw1 and causes its dissociation from the APC / C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using this approach , we formally demonstrated that CDC 2 and CDK 2 are in excess of their cyclin partners . ^^^ We found that the concentrations of cyclin A 2 and cyclin B 1 ( at their peak levels in the G ( 2 ) phase ) were about 30 fold less than that of their partner CDC 2 . ^^^ All the cyclin A 2 and cyclin E 1 are in complexes with CDC 2 and CDK 2 , but there are some indications that a significant portion of cyclin B 1 may not be in complex with CDC 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cell cycle transition at G 2 M is controlled by MPF ( M phase promoting factor ) , a complex consisting of the Cdc 2 kinase and a B type cyclin . ^^^ The meiotic arrest is accompanied by a defect in Cdc 2 kinase activation at the G 2 M transition , raising the possibility that a cyclin A 1 dependent process dictates the activation of MPF . ^^^ Here we show that like Cdc 2 , the expression of B type cyclins is retained in cyclin A 1 deficient spermatocytes , while their associated kinases are kept at inactive states . ^^^ Furthermore , the protein kinase complexes consisting of cyclin A 1 and either Cdc 2 or Cdk 2 phosphorylate both Cdc25A and Cdc25C in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GADD 45 can interact in vivo with the G ( 2 ) cell cycle specific kinase , Cdc 2 , proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) , and the cell cycle kinase inhibitor p 21 ( waf 1 ) . ^^^ This mutant also lacked an ability to bind to Cdc 2 , PCNA , and p 21 ( waf 1 ) in vivo . ^^^ Alanine substitutions in the region abolished GADD 45 induction of a G ( 2 ) / M arrest and its inactivation of the Cdc 2 kinase but not its binding to Cdc 2 , PCNA , or p 21 ( waf 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have dissected the contribution of these structures to MPF activation in fertilized eggs and in egg fragments containing different combinations of nuclei , centrosomes , and microtubules by following the behavior of Cdc 2 ( the kinase component of MPF ) , the regulatory subunit cyclin B , and the activating phosphatase Cdc 25 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A nonproteolytic function of the proteasome is required for the dissociation of Cdc 2 and cyclin B at the end of M phase . ^^^ Inactivation of cyclin B Cdc 2 kinase at the exit from M phase depends on the specific proteolysis of the cyclin B subunit , whereas the Cdc 2 subunit remains present at nearly constant levels throughout the cell cycle . ^^^ It is unknown how Cdc 2 escapes degradation when cyclin B is destroyed . ^^^ In Xenopus egg extracts that reproduce the exit from M phase in vitro , we have found that dissociation of the cyclin B Cdc 2 complex occurred under conditions where cyclin B was tethered to the 26S proteasome but not yet degraded . ^^^ Cyclin B ubiquitination was also , by itself , not sufficient for separation of Cdc 2 and cyclin B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
UCN 01 did not alter the phosphorylation status of cdc 2 nor cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 protein levels in either cell line . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We therefore conclude that genistein causes a G ( 2 ) M arrest in breast cancer cell lines , but that such growth arrest is not necessarily coupled with deregulation of the p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B ( 1 ) complex only in all of the studied cell lines . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The behaviour of cell cycle control genes during haematopoietic differentiation was classified into four patterns : ( 1 ) universal upregulation ( cdc 2 , cdk 2 , cyclin A , cyclin B and p 21 ) ; ( 2 ) upregulation in specific lineages ( cyclin D 1 , cyclin D 3 and p 15 ) ; ( 3 ) no induction or stable expression ( cdk 4 , cyclin D 2 , cyclin E and p 27 ) ; and ( 4 ) universal downregulation ( p 16 ) . ^^^ Lineage specific changes included the sustained elevation of cdc 2 and cyclin A during erythroid differentiation , cyclin D 1 and p 15 induction in myeloid lineage and selective upregulation of cyclin D 3 in megakaryocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , this altered mitotic spindle checkpoint status was associated with the overexpression of Cks 1 , a Cdc 2 adapter protein that promotes cyclin B degradation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During the culture of 80 MPa treated MEL cells at atmospheric pressure , the cells arrested in the G 2 phase , and cyclin B and hyperphosphorylated p 34 ( cdc 2 ) were accumulated . ^^^ Namely , maturation promoting factor ( MPF ) composed of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) and cyclin B was inactive . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , reduced cyclin D 1 , cyclin A and Cdc 2 levels and increased levels of Cdkn1a ( also known as p 21 ( Waf ) ) were observed in Hsp 25 transfected cells , which probably caused the reduction in cell growth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The observed G ( 2 ) / M arrest was associated with an increase in cyclin B level whereas cdc 2 protein remained unchanged . ^^^ However , we observed an accumulation of tyrosine 15 hyperphosphorylated cyclin B cdc 2 complex . ^^^ Chk 1 phosphorylates cdc25C on serine 216 and inactivates it whereas cdc25C dephosphorylates tyrosine 15 phosphate of cdc 2 and activates the cdc 2 cyclin B complex . ^^^ Our data identifies two upstream targets leading to inhibition of cyclin B cdc 2 complexes , which explain the inhibition in cyclin B associated cdc 2 kinase following UVB exposure . ^^^ The inactive phosphorylated cdc 2 cyclin B complex remains sequestered in cytoplasm and may migrate to the nucleus following activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
E2F4 binds to and represses the cdc 2 promoter in response to p 53 . p 53 represses the transcription of cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 , causing loss of Cdc 2 activity and G ( 2 ) arrest . ^^^ These observations suggest that p 53 represses the cdc 2 promoter by inducing p21 / waf1 , which inhibits cyclin dependent kinase activity , enhancing the binding of p 130 and E2F4 , which together bind to and repress the cdc 2 promoter . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In cell cycle related proteins , CCM selectively reduced the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) , cyclin E and p 34 ( cdc 2 ) , but not Cdk 2 or cyclin D 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although the transformed clones present acceleration of cell cycle transition and growth , the G ( 0 ) / G ( 1 ) progression inhibitor p 27 ( kip 1 ) is up regulated , while the expression of proteins involved in the S / G ( 2 ) phase transition , such as cyclin B and cdc 2 ( p 34 ) , is suppressed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We had identified earlier a tandem promoter element named cell cycle dependent element ( CDE ) and cell cycle genes homology region ( CHR ) which regulates cell cycle dependent transcription of cdc25C , cyclin A and cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we show that survivin , an inhibitor of apoptosis over expressed in cancer , physically associates with the cyclin dependent kinase p 34 ( cdc 2 ) on the mitotic apparatus , and is phosphorylated on Thr ( 34 ) by p 34 ( cdc 2 ) cyclin B 1 , in vitro and in vivo . ^^^ These data identify survivin as a mitotic substrate of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) cyclin B 1 and suggest that survivin phosphorylation on Thr ( 34 ) may be required to preserve cell viability at cell division . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Coinciding with the decrease in cyclin B 1 Cdc2 activity , there is an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of Cdc 2 , suggesting that an increase in the inactive Tyr 15 phosphorylated form of Cdc 2 is involved in the decrease in cyclin B 1 Cdc2 activity and G ( 2 ) arrest . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin dependent kinase 7 ( CDK 7 ) is the catalytic subunit of the metazoan CDK activating kinase ( CAK ) , which activates CDKs , such as CDC 2 and CDK 2 , through phosphorylation of a conserved threonine residue in the T loop . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , cycloheximide inhibited activation of CDK 2 : cyclin A , which normally precedes CDC 2 kinase activation in caffeine treated cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cyclin B level and the cdc 2 kinase activity , however , were increased , suggesting that the progression through mitosis rather than entry into the G ( 2 ) / M is defective when RhoA ( wt ) is overexpressed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Antisense oligonucleotides ( ASs ) to proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) and Cdc 2 kinase ( Cdc 2 k ) can arrest cell cycle progression and inhibit neointimal hyperplasia . ^^^ We hypothesized that ASs to PCNA and Cdc 2 k would inhibit VSMC proliferation and GCAD . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : ASs to PCNA and Cdc 2 k inhibit VSMC proliferation in vitro and reduce GCAD , percent neointimal VSMCs and macrophages , and TGF ss ( 1 ) activity in vivo . ^^^ Ex vivo antisense oligonucleotides to proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Cdc 2 kinase inhibit graft coronary artery disease . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No significant changes in the activities of glycogen synthase kinase 3 ( GSK 3 ) and cyclin dependent protein kinases cdk 5 and cdc 2 were observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Acquisition of meiotic competence in mouse oocytes : absolute amounts of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) , cyclin B 1 , cdc25C , and wee 1 in meiotically incompetent and competent oocytes . ^^^ M Phase promoting factor ( MPF ) is a complex of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) and cyclin B . ^^^ Results of previous studies in which relative mass amounts of these cell cycle regulators were determined suggested that the accumulation of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) , rather than cyclin B , could be a limiting factor in the acquisition of meiotic competence in mouse oocytes . ^^^ Nevertheless , in the absence of measurements of the absolute amount of these components of MPF , it is possible that the molar amount of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) is in excess to that of cyclin B , i . e . , the accumulation of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) is not a limiting factor . ^^^ We report measurements of the absolute mass of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) and cyclin B 1 , as well as the two proximal regulators of MPF , namely cdc25C and wee 1 , in meiotically incompetent and competent mouse oocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Huanglian , A chinese herbal extract , inhibits cell growth by suppressing the expression of cyclin B 1 and inhibiting CDC 2 kinase activity in human cancer cells . ^^^ Therefore , the effect of huanglian on inhibiting tumor growth seems to be mediated by the selective suppression of cyclin B 1 , which results in the inhibition of cdc 2 kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To examine the specificity of this relationship , and define conditions leading to atypical activation of mitotic kinase in postmitotic neurons , we have applied antibodies specific for the cdc 2 kinase , its activator , cyclin B 1 , and three cdc 2 produced phosphoepitopes : the TG 3 phosphoepitope in tau and nucleolin , the MPM 2 phosphoepitope in a variety of substrates , and the H 5 phosphoepitope in RNA polymerase 2 , to affected brain regions from a spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The level of cyclin B associated cdc 2 kinase , a component of maturation promoting factor ( MPF ) , is known to be high during metaphase of the meiotic maturation of oocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reflecting the time course of S phase accumulation , cell cycle dependent induction of Cyclin A and Cyclin B was impaired , resulting in reduced activity of Cdk 2 and Cdc 2 kinases . ^^^ IFN alpha treatment inhibits growth of HCC cells by specifically delaying S phase progression , most likely because of inhibition of Cyclin A induction , resulting in decreased activity of the associated Cdk 2 and Cdc 2 kinases . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
G2M phase cell accumulations induced in MCF 7 cells by L Ann or Dx were accompanied by a decrease in cdc 2 kinase activity and in cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 expression . ^^^ Conversely , in MDA MB 435 cells exposed to L Ann or Dx , cdc 2 kinase activity , cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 expression increased in parallel to the increase in the number of cells accumulated in the G2M phase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ubiquitin ligase anaphase promoting complex / cyclosome ( APC / C ) , responsible for cyclin degradation , is also under the control of Cdc 2 ; therefore , Cdc 2 activity itself induces its own inactivation through cyclin degradation , allowing the exit from the first meiotic division . ^^^ In contrast , cyclin accumulation , responsible for Cdc 2 activity increase allowing entry into metaphase 2 , is independent of Cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Temperature dependent expression of cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 in spermatogenic cells during spermatogenesis . p34cdc2 and Cyclin B 1 are key components of cell cycle controlling machine and are believed to play a fundamental role in gametogenesis . ^^^ To investigate whether the expression of cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 in spermatogenic cells during spermatogenesis is actually a temperature dependent event , in situ hybridization , Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to study the expression of cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 in normal and cryptorchid testis . ^^^ Results showed that the abdominal temperature had no significant influence on the transcription of cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 in the spermatogonia and pachytene / diplotene primary spermatocytes , but it blocked the translation of them . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro , mitogen activated protein kinase and especially cyclin B Cdc 2 , but not the polo like kinase 1 , remove cyclin E Cdk 2 from chromatin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibition of mitotic cyclin B and cdc 2 kinase activity by selenomethionine in synchronized colon cancer cells . ^^^ These studies demonstrate that modulation of mitotic cyclin expression and cdc 2 kinase activity play a role in the ability of SeMet to inhibit tumor cell growth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although activation of the cyclin dependent kinase CDC 2 mediates G2 / M transition in all tumor cells studied to date , regulation of CDC 2 varies between tumor types . ^^^ CPT produced G 2 delay associated with decreased CDC 2 kinase activity and cyclin B 1 expression . ^^^ Kinase activity was associated with CDC 2 bound to cyclin B 1 , not cyclin A , in both cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During this period , there were no differences in the protein amounts of CDC 2 and cyclin B 1 between the two cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Up regulation of cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 expression during 9 nitrocamptothecin induced regression of DU 145 prostate tumor . ^^^ BACKGROUND : We investigated changes in the content and subcellular localization of the cell cycle regulators , cyclin B 1 and cyclin dependent kinase cdc 2 , in human prostate DU 145 tumor and cultured cells treated with the anticancer drug 9 nitrocamptothecin ( 9NC ) . ^^^ RESULTS : The cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 contents were dramatically elevated in biopsies of DU 145 tumor regressing upon 9NC treatment . ^^^ In vitro , 9NC induced apoptosis of DU 145 cells was associated with up regulation of expression and nuclear accumulation of cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunoblotting for cyclin D 1 , E , A , B , and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) and their counterpart protein kinases ( CDK 2 , 4 , and CDC 2 ) showed significant overexpression in rats with severely cirrhotic livers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A G2 / M arrest results , which is characterised by abnormal metaphase morphology , increased levels of cyclin B 1 and enhanced cdc 2 kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By attenuating Drosophila cdc 2 function without blocking mitosis , normally asymmetric progenitor divisions become defective , failing to correctly localize asymmetric components during mitosis and / or to resolve distinct sibling fates . cdc 2 is not necessary for initiating apical complex formation during interphase ; however , maintaining the asymmetric localization of the apical components during mitosis requires Cdc2 / B type cyclin complexes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemistry methods were used to identify the expression of connexin 43 , proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) and cycline dependent kinases ( cdc 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These B 19 virus infected cells displayed accumulation of cyclin A , cyclin B 1 , and phosphorylated cdc 2 and were accompanied by an up regulation in the kinase activity of the cdc 2 cyclin B 1 complex , similar to that in cells treated with the mitotic inhibitor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There was a correlation between telomerase activity , cell cycle status by BrdU incorporation , and induction of phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein , CDC 2 , CDK 2 , cyclin D 1 , and cyclin A , but not cyclin E and B 1 after 72 hours with multiple ( but not single ) cytokines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Of the cell cycle control proteins , PCNA , Cdk 2 , and cyclin A were detected at high concentrations ; cdc 2 , Cdk 4 , and cyclin B were detected at very low concentrations ; while cyclin D 1 , cyclin D 3 , Cip 1 , and Kip 1 were not detected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Part of the mechanism by which p 53 blocks cells at the G 2 checkpoint involves inhibition of Cdc 2 , the cyclin dependent kinase required to enter mitosis . ^^^ Binding of Cdc 2 to Cyclin B 1 is required for its activity , and repression of the cyclin B 1 gene by p 53 also contributes to blocking entry into mitosis . p 53 also represses the cdc 2 gene , to help ensure that cells do not escape the initial block . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MPF activation and its subcellular localization are dependent on the phosphorylation state of its components , cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although expression of cyclin D , cyclin E , cdk 2 , and cdc 2 did not change significantly between p55Cdc / Cdc20 overexpressing and control cells , p27Kip1 protein levels were lower and cdk 2 activity higher during G 1 to S transition in p55Cdc / Cdc20 overexpressing cells compared to control cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Investigation of cyclin dependent kinases , Cdk 2 and Cdc 2 , showed activity of Cdc 2 , but not Cdk 2 , increased markedly in response to curcumin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cdc25C phosphatase dephosphorylates cdc 2 kinase which then in complex with cyclin B can catalyse transition from the G ( 2 ) phase to mitosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cdc 2 and Cdk 2 cyclin complexes can be inactivated by phosphorylation on the catalytic cleft located Thr 14 and Tyr 15 residues or by association with inhibitory subunits such as p 21 ( Cip 1 ) . ^^^ Here we report that , in contrast with Cdc 2 cyclin complexes , the phosphorylation of Thr 161 is not required for full activation of Cdc 2 by RINGO . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
E2F1 mediated neuronal apoptosis did not require activation of gene transcription because : ( 1 ) ectopic expression of E2F1 or its mutants lacking the transactivation domain induced neuronal apoptosis , whereas an E2F1 mutant lacking the DNA binding domain did not ; ( 2 ) under all of these conditions , known E2F1 target genes including cyclin A , cdc 2 and p 19 ( ARF ) were not induced ; and ( 3 ) DA evoked neuronal apoptosis was associated with up regulated E2F1 , but not transcription of its target genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While the mechanism underlying EnM is not known , studies in yeast and leukemic cell lines have suggested that it may be due to reduced levels of cyclin B 1 or cdc 2 , leading to a decrease in mitotic kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vanadate also increased p 21 and Chk 1 levels and reduced Cdc25C expression , leading to phosphorylation of Cdc 2 and a slight increase in cyclin B 1 expression as analyzed by Western blot . ^^^ Several regulatory pathways are involved : ( 1 ) activation of p 21 , ( 2 ) an increase of Chk 1 expression and inhibition of Cdc25C , which results in phosphorylation of Cdc 2 and possible inactivation of cyclin B1 / Cdc2 complex . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
M phase promoting factor is a complex of cdc 2 and cyclin B that is regulated positively by cdc 25 phosphatase and negatively by wee 1 kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Exposing early G ( 2 ) cells to Cd markedly delayed mitotic exit and subsequently induced sub G ( 1 ) populations ; however , this did not alter the levels of Cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
E 7070 inhibited the phosphorylation of pRb , decreased expressions of cyclin A , B 1 , CDK 2 , and CDC 2 proteins , and suppressed CDK 2 catalytic activity with the induction of p 53 and p 21 proteins in A 549 cells but not in A549 / ER cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The transient M phase accumulation was accompanied by a transient increase in the levels of cyclin B 1 and Cdc 2 kinase activity . ^^^ Levels of cyclin B 1 and cyclin B 1 associated Cdc 2 kinase activity were also decreased . ^^^ We also found that quercetin markedly increased Cdk inhibitor p21CIP1 / WAF1 protein level after treatment for 48 h or longer , and the induction of p21CIP1 / WAF1 increased its association with Cdc 2 cyclin B 1 complex , however , up regulation of p 53 by quercetin was not observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Nuclear accumulation of cyclin B 1 in mouse two cell embryos is controlled by the activation of Cdc 2 . ^^^ However , when two cell blocked embryos were treated with okadaic acid , an activator of Cdc 2 kinase , part of cyclin B 1 in the embryos translocated into the nucleus . ^^^ Moreover , treatment with butyrolactone 1 , a specific inhibitor of Cdc 2 kinase , inhibits nuclear translocation of cyclin B 1 in those embryos . ^^^ These results suggest that Cdc 2 kinase regulates the nuclear accumulation of cyclin B 1 in mouse two cell embryos . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cyclin B 1 associated p 34 ( cdc 2 ) kinase activity in cells arrested in G2M was superimposable to that of control cells in the OAW 42 MER and U 2 OS cell lines , whereas a reduction of cdc 2 catalytic activity was observed in OAW 42 and U 2 OS R cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Membrane anchored cyclin A 2 triggers Cdc 2 activation in Xenopus oocyte . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Exponentially growing cultures of p120E4F expressing fibroblast cell lines had reduced levels of CDC 2 kinase activity , elevated levels of Cyclin B 1 protein , and continuously generated a subpopulation of tetraploid cells and elevated numbers of multinucleated cells . ^^^ Coexpression of activated Ras , which stimulates Cyclin D 1 expression and G 1 S specific cyclin CDK kinase activities , alleviated these effects without reducing p21WAF1 or p27KIP1 protein levels ; p120E4F / ras expressing cell lines contained reduced levels of Cyclin B 1 protein , a restoration of Cyclin B CDC 2 kinase activity to control levels , and exhibited no increase of tetraploid or multinucleated cells . ^^^ Interestingly , changes in the expression of Cyclin B 1 and , to a lesser extent , CDC 2 were primarily regulated by post transcriptional mechanisms . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Subcellular localisation of cyclin B , Cdc 2 and p 21 ( WAF1 / CIP1 ) in breast cancer . association with prognosis . ^^^ Ectopic expression of p 21 ( WAF1 / CIP1 ) in cultured cells has been shown previously to influence the subcellular distribution of the cyclin dependent kinases ( CDKs ) including Cdc 2 . ^^^ In this study , we have examined the subcellular localisation of Cdc 2 , cyclin B and p 21 ( WAF1 / CIP1 ) by immunohistochemistry in a well characterised series of primary breast cancers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Key regulators involved in the G ( 2 ) to M cell cycle transition were assessed by western blotting to examine cyclin B 1 expression and by in vitro kinase assay to assess cdc 2 kinase activity . ^^^ Cyclin B 1 accumulated in DN FGFR 1 infected LNCaP cells , but cdc 2 kinase activity was decreased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Earlier studies have shown that cdc 2 kinase is activated during herpes simplex virus 1 infection and that its activity is enhanced late in infection even though the levels of cyclin A and B are decreased below levels of detection . ^^^ Here we report that in the course of searching for a putative cognate partner for cdc 2 that may have replaced cyclins A and B , we noted that the DNA polymerase processivity factor encoded by the U ( L ) 42 gene contains a degenerate cyclin box and has been reported to be structurally related to proliferating cell nuclear antigen , which also binds cdk 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This was associated with disruption of cell cycle related events , including hyperphosphorylation and inhibition of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) kinase activity , phosphorylation of cdc25C , and alteration in cyclin B 1 expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , reduced cyclin D 1 and Cdc 2 levels and increased dephosphorylated phosphoretinoblastoma ( pRb ) were observed in inducible hsp 70 transfected cells , which were probably responsible for the reduction of cell growth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To understand how pX mediates different growth characteristics in 3pX 1 and 4pX 1 cells , we report , herein , comparative cell cycle analyses . pX transforming 3pX 1 cells display pX dependent G ( 1 ) , S , and G ( 2 ) / M progression evidenced by cyclin D ( 1 ) , A , and B ( 1 ) induction , and Cdc 2 kinase activation . pX nontransforming 4pX 1 cells display pX dependent G ( 1 ) and S phase entry , followed by S phase pause and absence of Cdc 2 kinase activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Examination of cyclin levels showed increased nuclear cyclin A and cytoplasmic cyclin B and decreased nuclear cdc 2 levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These effects were accompanied by early induction of p21 / WAF 1 and delayed downregulation of CDC 2 and cyclin B 1 . ^^^ However , while transiently inducing p21 / WAF 1 , PKR did not impose G2 / M arrest or apoptosis in 5 mos transformed cells , nor was CDC 2 or cyclin B 1 down regulated in those cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Etn and HGF synergistically induced cyclin D ( 1 ) , A and B expression , however , only cyclin B but not cyclin A formed a complex with Cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A p 21 ( waf 1 ) independent pathway for inhibitory phosphorylation of cyclin dependent kinase p 34 ( cdc 2 ) and concomitant G ( 2 ) / M arrest by the chemopreventive flavonoid apigenin . ^^^ We then measured the effect of apigenin treatment on the mammalian homologue of the yeast cdc 2 gene ( p 34 ( cdc 2 ) ) cyclin dependent kinase and cyclin B 1 ( cycB 1 ) , because these proteins complex to regulate G ( 2 ) / M progression . ^^^ These results supported the conclusion that G ( 2 ) / M arrest induced by apigenin was accompanied by inhibition of the p 34 ( cdc 2 ) cyclin dependent kinase protein level and activity in a p 21 ( waf 1 ) independent manner . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunoblotting demonstrated that cyclin dependent kinases ( cdk ) 2 and 6 , as well as cdc 2 were expressed at steady state levels , whereas cyclin D 1 , cyclin B 1 and cdk 4 were downregulated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These were : a dramatic arrest at the G2 / M phase indicated by a marked increase in both the number of G2 / M cells and the expression of cyclin B 1 , cdc 2 , and mitotic phosphoprotein monoclonal 2 ( MPM 2 ) reactive proteins ; a severe apoptosis shown by a marked increase in the number of cells with hypo diploid DNA and DNA fragmentation ; and as a result , a severe inhibition of cell growth and proliferation measured by the MTT test and [ ( 3 ) H ] thymidine uptake assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The level of cyclin B 1 , required for CDC 2 activity , was decreased in the presence of functional TP 53 . ^^^ Thus inhibition of PD 0166285 induced G ( 2 ) phase checkpoint abrogation by TP 53 was achieved at least in part through partial blockage of CDC 2 dephosphorylation of Tyr 15 and inhibition of cyclin B 1 expression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vpr ' s ability to arrest cells at the G 2 phase of the cell cycle is due to the inactivation of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) cyclin B complex , resulting in hypophosphorylation of substrates involved in cell cycle progression from G 2 to mitosis ( M ) . ^^^ Poly ( A ) polymerase ( PAP ) , the enzyme responsible for poly ( A ) addition to primary transcripts , contains multiple consensus phosphorylation sites for p 34 ( cdc 2 ) cyclin B kinase that regulates its catalytic activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hyposmosis dramatically decreased Cdc 2 , Cdk 2 , Cdk 4 , cyclin B 1 , and cyclin D 3 expression in a time dependent fashion , in association with an overall decrease in cellular protein synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we show that the N terminus of actopaxin is phosphorylated by cyclin B1 / cdc2 kinase in vitro and that this region of actopaxin precipitates cdc 2 kinase activity from mitotic lysates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We previously reported that overexpression of HSP 25 delayed cell growth , increased the level of p 21 ( waf ) , reduced the levels of cyclin D 1 , cyclin A and cdc 2 , and induced radioresistance in L 929 cells . ^^^ Alteration of cell cycle distribution and cell cycle related protein expressions ( cyclin D , cyclin A and cdc 2 ) by hsp 25 overexpression were also recovered by ERK 2 cDNA transfection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin B ( 2 ) / p34 ( cdc 2 ) activity increased prior to the first meiotic division , declined at the onset of anaphase 1 , and subsequently increased again . ^^^ The capacity of egg cytoplasm to induce germinal vesicle breakdown ( GVBD ) was inhibited by cycloheximide , despite the fact that these oocytes contained cyclin B ( 2 ) / p34 ( cdc 2 ) complexes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Similarly , we found that Cdc 2 inhibitory phosphorylation and cyclin B degradation were turned on and off , respectively , depending on the decrease in Cdc 2 activity . ^^^ However , their sensitivity to Cdc 2 activity was different , with the turning on of Cdc 2 inhibitory phosphorylation occurring at higher Cdc 2 activity levels than the turning off of cyclin B degradation . ^^^ This means that , when cyclin B degradation ceases at M phase exit , Cdc 2 inhibitory phosphorylation is necessarily activated . ^^^ In the presence of constitutive synthesis of cyclin B , this condition favors the occurrence of the Cdc 2 inactivation period after M phase exit , thereby ensuring progression through S phase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cdc 2 cyclin B kinase activity links Crb 2 and Rqh 1 topoisomerase 3 . ^^^ Here we provide evidence that the major Schizosaccharomyces pombe CDK , Cdc 2 cyclin B , influences recombinational repair of radiation induced DSBs during the G ( 2 ) phase at two distinct stages . ^^^ At an early stage in HR , a defect in Cdc 2 kinase activity , which is caused by a single amino acid change in cyclin B , affects the formation of Rhp 51 ( Rad 51 ( sp ) ) foci in response to ionizing radiation in a process that is redundant with the function of Rad 50 . ^^^ At a late stage in HR , low Cdc 2 cyclin B activity prevents the proper regulation of topoisomerase 3 ( Top 3 ) function , disrupting a recombination step that occurs after the assembly of Rhp 51 foci . ^^^ This effect of Cdc 2 cyclin B kinase on Top 3 function is mediated by the BRCT domain containing checkpoint protein Crb 2 , thus linking checkpoint proteins directly with recombinational repair in G ( 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At the G ( 2 ) / M transition of the cell cycle , the cdc25c phosphatase dephosphorylates inhibitory residues of cdc 2 , and cyclin B cdc 2 kinase ( MPF ) is activated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , we found that Icat inhibits both dephosphorylation of Cdc 2 and nuclear translocation of cyclin B 1 and induces G ( 2 ) arrest followed by cell death in colorectal tumor cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of Cdc 2 depends on two key events : cyclin binding and an activating phosphorylation on Thr 161 residue located in the T loop . ^^^ Based on its activation upon cyclin addition and detection by an antibody directed specifically against Cdc 2 phosphorylated on Thr 161 , we show for the first time that the prophase oocyte contains a significant amount of monomeric Cdc 2 phosphorylated on Thr 161 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also observed reduced levels of M phase proteins , Cdc 2 kinase , and cyclin B in DEX treated cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These include alterations in DNA ploidy , cellular proliferation markers ( PCNA , Ki 67 , Mcm 2 , MIB 1 , MIA , and CSE1L / CAS protein ) , nuclear morphology , the p 53 gene and its related molecule MD M 2 , other cell cycle regulators ( cyclin A , cyclin D , cyclin E , cdc 2 , p 27 , p 73 ) , oncogenes and their receptors ( such as ras , c myc , c fms , HGF , c met , and erb B receptor family members ) , apoptosis related factors ( Fas and FasL ) , as well as telomerase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ErbB 2 binds to and colocalizes with cyclin B Cdc 2 complexes and phosphorylates Cdc 2 Y15 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have shown previously that ClC 2 channels are directly phosphorylated and functionally regulated by the M phase specific cyclin dependent kinase p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B . ^^^ Ubiquitin assays reveal that the ClC 2 channels are ubiquitinated at M phase , whereas the magnitude of ubiquitination is suppressed by incubation with olomoucine , an inhibitor of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B , and it is almost completely abolished in ClC 2 channels having an S632A mutation , which can not be phosphorylated by p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B , indicating that ubiquitination of ClC 2 channels requires phosphorylation by M phase specific p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Vpr protein of primate lentiviruses arrests cell cycling at the G ( 2 ) / M phase through an inactivation of cyclin B p 34 ( cdc 2 ) and its upstream regulator cdc 25 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Curcumin was found to induce G0 / G1 and / or G2 / M phase cell cycle arrest , up regulate CDKIs , p21WAF1 / CIP1 , p27KIP1 , and p 53 , and slightly down regulate cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 in ECV 304 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 in nodal non Hodgkin ' s lymphoma and its prognostic implications . ^^^ To investigate the role of cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 in the pathogenesis and progression of malignant lymphoma , 68 cases of nodal non Hodgkin ' s lymphoma were examined about the expression of cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 along with p 53 and Ki 67 by immunohistochemical method . ^^^ Cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 were diffusely expressed in 39 cases ( 57 . 4 % ) and 54 cases ( 79 . 4 % ) out of 68 cases studied , respectively . ^^^ The mean labeling indices of cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 in malignant lymphoma were 31 . 9 % and 68 . 0 % , respectively . ^^^ In normal lymphoid tissues , cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 were expressed predominantly in the germinal center with mean labeling indices of 13 . 9 % and 28 . 3 % , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of cyclin dependent kinases CDC 2 and CDK 2 in hepatocellular carcinoma . ^^^ BACKGROUND : The cyclin dependent kinases ( CDKs ) CDC 2 and CDK 2 are key regulators of the cell cycle . ^^^ CONCLUSION : CDC 2 and CDK 2 are activated in HCC , and this may be due to a complex interplay between the level of the cyclin , CDK , CDK inhibitors , and inhibitory phosphorylation . . ^^^ RESULTS : CDC 2 and CDK 2 are activated in HCC in over 70 % and 80 % of the cases , respectively , but have little correlation with clinical parameters and PCNA expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : We immunohistochemically studied three representative G 2 M modulators , cdc 2 , cyclin A and cyclin B 1 in 62 pancreatic adenocarcinomas and 7 cystadenomas . ^^^ RESULTS : Overexpression of cdc 2 , cyclin A and cyclin B 1 , was observed in 54 . 8 , 54 . 9 and 56 . 4 % , respectively , of the pancreatic adenocarcinomas . cdc 2 overexpression was directly related to lymph node metastasis , Ki 67 labeling index ( LI ) , and cyclin A overexpression which was significantly linked to the stage , carcinoma differentiation , tumor size , and lymphatic invasion . ^^^ On the other hand , cyclin B 1 was not linked to clinicopathological parameters including Ki 67 LI and cdc 2 overexpression , except for tumor size . ^^^ CONCLUSION : The findings suggest that cdc 2 and cyclin A play a role in the progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma , while the clinical significance of cyclin B 1 remains to be clarified because of its more random expression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Aspergillus nidulans cyclin PclA accumulates in the nucleus and interacts with the central cell cycle regulator NimX ( Cdc 2 ) . ^^^ It was shown recently that the key regulator of the cell cycle in A . nidulans NimX ( Cdc 2 ) and a G ( 1 ) / S cyclin , PclA , are transcriptionally upregulated during development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Systematic mutagenesis of the DRS enabled a consensus to be derived , and it is notable that this sequence is compatible with cell cycle gene homology region sequences associated with cell cycle dependent elements in the cyclin A , cdc 2 , and CDC25C promoters . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA microarray analysis of livers from ET 743 treated animals showed a dramatic increase in the expression of ATP binding cassette transport genes Abcb1a and Abcb1b , which impart resistance to anticancer drugs , and of Cdc2a and Ccnd 1 , the rodent homologues of human cell cycle genes CDC 2 and cyclin D 1 , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of G 2 M modulators in thyroid neoplasms : correlation of cyclin A , B 1 and cdc 2 with differentiation . ^^^ In this study , we focused on the G 2 M boundary regulators of the cell cycle and investigated the expression of three proteins , cyclin A , cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 . ^^^ Cdc 2 overexpression was also related to carcinoma differentiation ( p < 0 . 0001 ) , and was directly linked to cyclin A overexpression ( p < 0 . 0001 ) , but not to cyclin B 1 overexpression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For this we studied the effect of CA4P on selected markers of apoptosis [ caspases 9 and 3 , poly ( ADP ribose ) polymerase ( PARP ) , bcl 2 , and bax ] and G 2 M protein regulators ( p 53 , MDM 2 , 14 3 3sigma , GADD 45 , cdc 2 , cdc 25 , chk 1 , wee 1 , p 21 , and cyclin B 1 ) . ^^^ Exposure of WSU CLL cells to 4 and 5 nM CA4P was associated with overproduction of total p 53 and no dramatic change in MDM 2 , 14 3 3sigma , GADD 45 , the cyclin dependent kinase cdc 2 , its inhibitory phosphorylation , the cdc 2 inhibitory kinase ( wee 1 ) , chk 1 , or cdc 25 hyperphosphorylation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , inhibiting the PI3K pathway interferes with cdc 2 activation , cyclin B 1 expression , and mitotic entry , whereas inhibiting the ERK pathway interferes with mitotic entry but has little effect on cdc 2 activation and cyclin B 1 and retards progression from metaphase to anaphase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , IRF 4 mediated repression of cyclin B 1 led to a significant decrease in CDC 2 kinase activity in HTLV 1 infected T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Quantification of cyclin B 1 and p 34 ( cdc 2 ) in bovine cumulus oocyte complexes and expression mapping of genes involved in the cell cycle by complementary DNA macroarrays . ^^^ To assess the effect of follicular growth on the accumulation of M phase promoting factor ( MPF ) components , mRNA and protein levels of cyclin B 1 and p 34 ( cdc 2 ) were measured in GV oocytes collected from diverse follicle size groups ( < 2 mm , 3 5 mm , and > 6 mm ) . ^^^ Both components of the pre MPF complex were expressed at the mRNA level in GV oocytes , whereas p 34 ( cdc 2 ) was the only pre MPF protein detected at that stage , thus indicating that meiosis resumption in bovine oocytes is differentially regulated as compared with other mammals , and meiosis resumption seems to be regulated by the translation of cyclin B 1 mRNA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treatment with monensin for 72 h decreased CDK 4 and cyclin A levels in CA 46 cells , and cdc 2 levels in Molt 4 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Kinase activities of cyclin E and cyclin dependent kinase 2 responsible for the G ( 1 ) S transition were increased , as were the activities of mitotic cyclin B and cdc 2 . 3 IAABE treatment also increased p 53 expression and dephosphorylated ( or activated ) retinoblastoma protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At 24 h after the administration of catechin , the phosphorylation of cell division cycle 2 ( cdc 2 ) was inhibited , and the expression of cyclin B 1 protein was also decreased . ^^^ Based on these results , we speculate that , in the breast cancer cell line T47D , catechin phosphorylated JNK / SAPK and p 38 , and that the phosphorylated JNK / SAPK and p 38 inhibited the phosphorylation of cdc 2 , and regulated the expression of cyclin A , cyclin B 1 , and cdk proteins , thereby causing G 2 arrest . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Similar to most anti tubulin agents , As ( 2 ) O ( 3 ) treatment induced up regulation of the cyclin B 1 levels and activation of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclinB1 kinase , as well as Bcl 2 phosphorylation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We present an example of the identification of previously unrecognized human cell cycle genes , CDCA 1 through CDCA 8 , that are co expressed with known cell cycle genes including CDC 2 , CDC 7 , CDC 23 , cyclin , MCAK , mki67a , topoisomerase 2 , and others . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results suggest that limited meiotic competence in growing oocytes from class A follicles is due to their inability to activate Cdc 2 kinase and their incomplete MEK MAP kinase pathway , although the oocytes are capable of accumulating cyclin B 1 molecules . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cdc 2 cyclin B was the only Cdk activity that was identified to be cell cycle regulated in pluripotent cells . ^^^ Cell cycle regulation of cyclin B levels and Y ( 15 ) regulation of Cdc 2 contribute to the temporal changes in Cdc 2 cyclin B activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : The expression of mitotic cell cycle proteins ( phosphorylated Histone 3 , Cdc 2 , cyclin B 1 and B 2 ) was examined by immunohistochemistry in kidneys of embryonal mice , transgenic HIV mice , and rats with experimental membranous nephropathy ( passive Heymann nephritis , PHN ) . ^^^ There was an increase in podocyte expression of Cdc 2 , cyclin B 1 and B 2 and phosphorylated histone 3 in PHN rats , and in HIV transgenic mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We designed a screen to identify starfish oocyte proteins able to bind monomeric cyclin B by affinity chromatography on a cyclin B splice variant displaying low affinity for cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , GADD 45 inhibition of Cdc 2 kinase activity through alteration of cyclin B 1 subcellular localization may be an essential step in the GADD 45 induced cell cycle G 2 M arrest and growth suppression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The prolongation of G 2 phase arrest after irradiation in the acidic pH environment appeared to be related at least in part to a prolongation of the phosphorylation of CDC 2 , which inhibited cyclin B 1 CDC2 kinase activity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression levels of cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 were similar although the cyclin B 1 level was generally low , decreased from day 1 to basal levels at day 3 and persisted at a low level till day 7 . ^^^ These results suggest that G 2 arrest induced by repeated TA treatment might be p 53 dependent , via activation of cyclin G 1 , rather than inhibition of cyclin B 1 cdc 2 complex , and inhibitors holding S phase progression might be p 27 ( Kip 1 ) and p 57 ( Kip 2 ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the mathematical model , the toggle switch is created by positive feedback in the phosphorylation reactions controlling the activity of Cdc 2 , a protein kinase bound to its regulatory subunit , cyclin B . ^^^ To determine whether hysteresis underlies entry into and exit from mitosis in cell free egg extracts , we tested three predictions of the Novak Tyson model . ( 1 ) The minimal concentration of cyclin B necessary to drive an interphase extract into mitosis is distinctly higher than the minimal concentration necessary to hold a mitotic extract in mitosis , evidence for hysteresis . ( 2 ) Unreplicated DNA elevates the cyclin threshold for Cdc 2 activation , indication that checkpoints operate by enlarging the hysteresis loop . ( 3 ) A dramatic `` slowing down ' ' in the rate of Cdc 2 activation is detected at concentrations of cyclin B marginally above the activation threshold . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we examined the effects of DIF 1 on the progesterone induced germinal vesicle breakdown in Xenopus laevis , which is thought to be mediated by a decrease in intracellular cAMP and the subsequent activation of mitogen activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) and maturation promoting factor , a complex of cdc 2 and cyclin B , which regulates germinal vesicle breakdown . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The increased sensitivity to etoposide induced G ( 2 ) M arrest was associated with disruption of cell cycle related events , including hyperphosphorylation of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) kinase , change in cdc25C expression and phosphorylation , and alteration in cyclin B 1 expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Doxorubicin treatment did not alter cyclin B or cdc 2 protein level , which is known as the essential component of G2 / M transition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of STP on cell cycle arrest induced by 10 irradiation was studied in two cell lines by using flow cytometry , Western Blotting was performed to indicate the changes of cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 protein levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These injected oocytes matured to metaphase 2 , and there was no effect on the maturation associated increases in p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B kinase and MAP kinase activities or the global pattern of protein synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : The molecular expressions of Rb , cyclin A , cyclin E , CDK 2 and CDC 2 involved in S phase progression were investigated by westernblot in L 2 and Br 1 3pr 1 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we report that Xenopus cyclin B 1 is regulated by both Erk and Plx kinases , and that Cdc 2 , counter to previous speculation , is not required for CRS phosphorylation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to understand the mechanism ( s ) of tumor promotion by MY and MG , we have studied the levels of PCNA , a marker of cell proliferation and cell cycle regulatory proteins , cyclin D 1 , and its associated kinase , cdk 4 , cyclin B 1 , and associated kinase , cdc 2 . ^^^ Western and Northern blot hybridization showed an increased expression of both cyclin D 1 and its associated kinase cdk 4 , and cyclin B 1 and its associated kinase cdc 2 , in livers of rats administered MY and MG after administration of DEN as compared to untreated or DEN controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the early embryonic cell cycle , Cdc 2 cyclin B functions like an autonomous oscillator , whose robust biochemical rhythm continues even when DNA replication or mitosis is blocked . ^^^ At the core of the oscillator is a negative feedback loop ; cyclins accumulate and produce active mitotic Cdc 2 cyclin B ; Cdc 2 activates the anaphase promoting complex ( APC ) ; the APC then promotes cyclin degradation and resets Cdc 2 to its inactive , interphase state . ^^^ Cdc 2 regulation also involves positive feedback , with active Cdc 2 cyclin B stimulating its activator Cdc 25 ( refs 5 7 ) and inactivating its inhibitors Wee 1 and Myt 1 ( refs 8 11 ) . ^^^ We confirm that the response of Cdc 2 to non degradable cyclin B is temporally abrupt and switch like , as would be expected if Cdc 2 activation were bistable . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Xenopus oocytes , which are arrested in G ( 2 ) of meiosis 1 , contain complexes of cyclin B cdc 2 ( M phase promoting factor ) that are kept repressed by inhibitory phosphorylations on cdc 2 at Thr 14 and Tyr 15 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , cDNA array analysis showed that PC SPES caused up regulation of p 21 ( WAF1 / CIP1 ) and decreased expression of cyclin B , Nedd 8 , cdc 2 , skp 1 , PCNA , MAD2L1 , cyclin H , CKS 2 , E2F , Rbx 1 , MCM 2 , MCM 5 , Mpp 2 , Cullin Cul4A , Cks1p9 and McM 7 , which are involved in cell cycle progression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cdc 2 and Cyclin B 2 were already present in stage 1 oocytes and pre MPF formation was also detected in stage 1 oocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Upregulation of Cdc 2 and cyclin A during apoptosis of endothelial cells induced by cleaved high molecular weight kininogen . ^^^ We report that HKa induced a significant upregulation of Cdc 2 and cyclin A in proliferating endothelial cells , concurrent with a marked increase of Cdc 2 activity . ^^^ The increased expression of Cdc 2 and cyclin A by HKa was not associated with an apparent change in cell cycle profiles of basic fibroblast growth factor stimulated proliferating cells , but closely correlated with a marked increase of apoptosis , suggesting that the elevated Cdc 2 activity is involved in HKa induced apoptosis of proliferating endothelial cells . ^^^ Our results support an emerging hypothesis that Cdc 2 and cyclin A are important regulators for cell cycle as well as for apoptosis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When we examined the effects of this drug on ACHN cells , monensin decreased the levels of CDK 2 , CDK 6 , cdc 2 , cyclin A and cyclin B 1 proteins . p 21 and p 27 proteins were increased by monensin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Earlier we showed that U ( L ) 13 and ICP 22 mediate the stabilization of cdc 2 and the replacement of its cellular partner , cyclin B , with the viral DNA polymerase processivity factor U ( L ) 42 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This genistein induced G2 / M arrest in vitro was associated with a significant increase in the protein expression of phosphorylated p 34 ( cdc 2 ) and of cyclin B 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both down regulation of cell cycle regulators ( p34cdc2 , cyclin B 1 and cdc25C ) and decreased association between p34cdc2 and cyclin B 1 were found to be associated with the activity of cdc 2 kinase abated after the H . pylori infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The RRASK motif in Xenopus cyclin B 2 is required for the substrate recognition of Cdc25C by the cyclin B Cdc 2 complex . ^^^ We show that this conserved sequence in Xenopus cyclin B 2 , termed the RRASK motif , is required for the substrate recognition by the cyclin B Cdc 2 complex of Cdc25C . ^^^ Mutations to charged residues of the RRASK motif of cyclin B 2 abolished its ability to activate Cdc 2 kinase without affecting its capacity to bind to Cdc 2 . ^^^ Cdc 2 bound to the cyclin B 2 RRASK mutant was not dephosphorylated by Cdc25C , and as a result , the complex was inactive . ^^^ The cyclin B 2 RRASK mutants can form a complex with the constitutively active Cdc 2 , but a resulting active complex did not phosphorylate a preferred substrate Cdc25C in vitro , although it can phosphorylate the non specific substrate histone H 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Monensin decreased the levels of CDK 2 , CDK 6 , cdc 2 , cyclin A , cyclin B 1 , cyclin D 1 and cyclin E proteins but did not alter CDK 4 protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , expression of cyclins ( D 1 , E , A , and B 1 ) , cyclin dependent kinases ( cdk 2 , cdk 4 , and cdc 2 ) , and tumor suppressor gene products ( p 53 , p 21 , and p 27 ) were systematically examined by immunohistochemistry in 82 cases of endometrial carcinoma and 20 normal endometria . ^^^ Positive staining for cyclin D 1 , cyclin E , cyclin A , cyclin B 1 , cdk 2 , cdk 4 , cdc 2 , p 53 , p 21 , and p 27 was observed in 63 % , 66 % , 31 % , 32 % , 51 % , 77 % , 71 % , 43 % , 35 % , and 60 % of the 82 carcinomas , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Increased levels of cyclin B ( 1 ) and enhanced activity of its associated cyclin dependent kinase ( cdc 2 ) became apparent during the clonal evolution of p 210 bcr abl transduced 32D cell clones lacking p 53 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PD treated cells were arrested at G1 / S phase , which coincided well with decreases in Cyclin A Cdk 2 activity , but not in Cyclin E Cdk 2 and Cdc 2 activities . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The archival slides were incubated overnight at 4 degrees C using mouse anti human recombinant cyclin B 1 polyclonal antibody or mouse anti Xenopus p 34 ( cdc 2 ) monoclonal antibody for immunohistochemistry ( Santa Cruz Biotech , Santa Cruz , CA ) . ^^^ Both immunoreactivities to cyclin B and p 34 ( cdc 2 ) were strongly correlated with the HPV infection ( P = 0 . 0001 ) and the histological types ( P = 0 . 0001 ) between CIN and SCC , being strongly correlated with each other ( alpha : 0 . 62954 , P = 0 . 0001 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also show that cdc 2 increases cell migration via specific association with cyclin B 2 , and we unravel a novel pathway of cell motility that involves , downstream of cdc 2 , caldesmon . cdc 2 and caldesmon are shown here to localize in membrane ruffles in motile cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results show that the mRNA and protein levels of the G ( 2 ) / M regulators cdc 2 , cyclin B 1 and cdc25C are down regulated in MCF7TDX cells , while unaffected in MCF 7 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also identified 19 novel genes that have neither been described in non small cell lung cancer ( i . e . , cdc 2 , cullin 4A , ZAC , p 57 , DP 1 , GADD 45 , PISSLRE , cdc 20 ) nor in any other tumors ( i . e . , cyclin F , cullin 5 , p 34 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The G2 / M transition requires activity of the cyclin dependent kinase , Cdc 2 . ^^^ Cdc 2 is positively regulated by association with cyclin B 1 , and negatively regulated by phosphorylation of amino acids Thr 14 and Tyr 15 . ^^^ Immunoblot analysis revealed that ethanol metabolism had little affect on total Cdc 2 content in these cells , but resulted in the accumulation of up to 20 times the amount of cyclin B 1 , indicating that cyclin B 1 was available for formation of Cdc2 / cyclin B 1 complexes . ^^^ Thus , the impairment in cell cycle progression could not be explained by a lack of cyclin B 1 , or the ability of Cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 to associate , but instead resulted , at least in part , from impaired Cdc 2 activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show that the expression of p 21 was upregulated and expressions of cdc 2 , cyclin B 2 and protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 ( PRC 1 ) were suppressed by overexpression of the wt p 53 in MCF 7 ptsp53 cells at the permissive temperature . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transcription of cyclin E 1 , CDC 2 , retinoblastoma , transforming growth factor ( TGF ) , fibroblast growth factor ( FGF ) , and interleukin 2 was repressed while cyclins B 1 and D 2 and transcription factor E2F were upregulated , indicating a complex dysregulation of growth and proliferation within the intestinal mucosa . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We observed specific up regulation of cdc 2 and cyclin D 3 upon fhit replacement . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we compared the relative contribution of inhibitory phosphorylation for cyclin A / B1 CDC 2 and cyclin A / E CDK 2 complexes . ^^^ DNA damage by a radiomimetic drug or replication block by hydroxyurea stimulated a buildup of cyclin B 1 but was accompanied by an increase of inhibitory phosphorylation of CDC 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Aberrant levels of cyclin E and p 21 ( Cip / WAF 1 ) expression as well as Cdc 2 phosphorylation at Tyrosine 15 suggest that perturbation of G1 / S and G2 / M transitions in cell cycle might be responsible for 5 FU triggered apoptosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A stronger G 2 M arrest by these combinations was accompanied by a substantial decrease in the levels of cdc 2 , cyclin B 1 and cdc25C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In a series of 23 surgical biopsies of grade 2 and 3 oligodendroglioma , cyclin D 1 , E , A , B 1 , CDK 4 6 , CDK 2 , Cdc 2 and p27 / Kip . 1 have been studied by immunohistochemistry and Western blot . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DNA damage during the spindle assembly checkpoint degrades CDC25A , inhibits cyclin CDC 2 complexes , and reverses cells to interphase . ^^^ Cells did not progress into G 1 but seemed to retract to a G 2 like state containing 4N DNA content , with stabilized cyclin A and cyclin B 1 binding to Thr14 / Tyr15 phosphorylated CDC 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of Cdc2 / cyclin B kinase and entry into mitosis requires dephosphorylation of inhibitory sites on Cdc 2 by Cdc 25 phosphatase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TSA reduced the expression of cyclin B 1 , a key cyclin for G 2 M transition , but stimulated expression of p 21 ( WAF1 / Cip1 ) , an inhibitor of CDK and Cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In particular , Plk 1 has been postulated to function as a trigger kinase that phosphorylates and activates Cdc25C prior to the activation of cyclin B Cdc 2 and thereby initiates its activation . ^^^ Distinct kinases , cyclin B Cdc 2 , MAPK along with cyclin B and / or cyclin A Cdc 2 and cyclin A Cdc 2 , were unique upstream regulators for Plk 1 activation at meiosis 1 , meiosis 2 and embryonic M phase , respectively , indicating that Plk 1 is not the trigger kinase at meiotic reinitiation . ^^^ When Plk 1 was required for cyclin B Cdc 2 activation , the action of Plk 1 was mediated primarily through suppression of Myt 1 rather than through activation of Cdc 25 . ^^^ We propose that Plk 1 can be activated by either cyclin A or cyclin B Cdc 2 , and its primary target is Myt1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We examined the ATM , chk 2 , CDC25C , cdc 2 , and cyclin B 1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ Elevated or reduced expression rates of ATM , chk 2 , CDC25C , cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 were 4 . 5 % ( 1 / 22 ) , 0 % , 0 % , 0 % and 4 . 5 % ( 1 / 22 ) in EH and 3 . 3 % ( 2 / 61 ) , 4 . 9 % ( 3 / 61 ) , 13 . 1 % ( 8 / 61 ) , 9 . 8 % ( 6 / 61 ) and 9 . 8 % ( 6 / 61 ) in EC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Additional investigations also showed that at concentrations of 5 10 microM PEITC , DNA synthesis was inhibited and G2 / M phase cell cycle arrest occurred , correlating with an alteration in cyclin B 1 and p 34 ( cdc 2 ) protein levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the absence of ion translocation by NHE 1 , expression of cyclin B 1 and the kinase activity of Cdc 2 are decreased and Wee 1 kinase expression increases . ^^^ Increasing pHi in the absence of NHE 1 activity , however , is sufficient to restore Cdc 2 activity and cyclin B 1 expression and to promote G2 / M entry and transition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These observations suggest that the mechanism by which histone H ( 1 ) kinases are activated by calyculin A is different from that of maturation promoting factor ( MPF ) , which is activated by a molecular modification of existed cdc 2 and newly synthesized cyclin B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Constitutive CaMKII expression also leads to elevations in cyclin B 1 expression and cdc 2 tyrosine 15 phosphorylation , analogous to observations in cells treated with hydroxyurea . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lymphocytes isolated from human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) infected patients have dysregulated cell cycle control , consisting of increased activation of the cyclin B1 / p34 cdc 2 complex and abnormal nucleolar structure . ^^^ We found that , in concanavalin A stimulated lymphocytes from HIV infected patients , the inappropriate activation of the cyclin B1 / p34 cdc 2 kinase complex is temporally associated with increased threonine phosphorylation , augmented fragmentation , and prominent extranuclear and cell surface localization of nucleolin . ^^^ These results may delineate a direct molecular link between abnormal activation of cyclin B1 / p34 cdc 2 and the changes in the nucleolar structure , thus providing a better molecular definition of HIV associated cell cycle dysregulation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The interruption of cell cycle progression in the presence of thialysine was accompanied by a significant decline in the protein level of cdk 4 , cdk 6 , cdc 2 , cyclin A , cyclin B 1 , and cyclin E . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , salvinal treatment resulted in upregulation of cyclin B 1 levels , activation of Cdc 2 kinase , and Cdc25c phosphorylation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Wee 1 kinase downregulates the M phase promoting factor , a complex of cdc 2 and cyclin B kinase , that controls mitotic cell division . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Localization of HSP 70 , Cdc 2 , and cyclin B in sea urchin oocytes in non stressed conditions . ^^^ Moreover , two representative cell cycle related proteins , cyclin B , and Cdc 2 , are present both in small and large oocytes , concentrating in the germinal vesicles before its breaking down . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treatment with STI 571 also led to reduction of cyclin A , B 1 , and CDC 2 levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We find that active RB mediates histone deacetylation on cyclin A , Cdc 2 , topoisomerase IIalpha , and thymidylate synthase promoters . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The S phase block was accompanied by a reduction in the protein levels of cyclin A , cyclin B 1 , cyclin D 1 , cdc 2 , PCNA and the c jun AP 1 component . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The upper band of cyclin A 2 was first detected at 2 hr after the treatment , corresponding to the timing of Cdc 2 kinase activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To get a better understanding of the cardiac cell cycle and its regulation , the effect of functional recovery of the mitosis promoting factor ( MPF ) consisting of cyclin B 1 and the cyclin dependent kinase Cdc 2 was assessed in primary cultures of postmitotic ventricular adult rat cardiomyocytes ( ARC ) . ^^^ Simultaneous ectopic expression of wild type versions of cyclin B 1 and Cdc 2 was sufficient to induce MPF activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression levels of TFDP 1 and E2F1 correlated with those of seven transcriptional targets ( TYMS , DHFR , PCNA , RRM 1 , CCNE 1 , CDC 2 , and MYBL 2 ) that play important roles in the G1 / S transition , and down regulation of TFDP 1 inhibited growth of Hep3B cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The most well known of these kinases is the 34 kDa product of the cdc 2 gene in fission yeast , p34cdc2 ; however , several putative cyclin dependent kinases have now been cloned or identified . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cdc 2 activation : the interplay of cyclin binding and Thr 161 phosphorylation . ^^^ The mitotic kinase cdc 2 must bind to a regulatory subunit a cyclin to be active . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cellular substrates of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) and its companion cyclin dependent kinases . ^^^ These kinases are related to p 34 ( cdc 2 ) and associate with regulatory subunits belonging to the cyclin family . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we provide evidence that MyoD plays a pivotal role at the G ( 2 ) / M transition by controlling the expression of p 21 ( Waf1 / Cip1 ) ( p 21 ) , which is believed to regulate cyclin B Cdc 2 kinase activity in G ( 2 ) . ^^^ In growing myoblasts , MyoD reaccumulates during G ( 2 ) concomitantly with p 21 before entry into mitosis ; MyoD is phosphorylated on Ser 5 and Ser 200 by cyclin B Cdc 2 , resulting in a decrease of its stability and down regulation of both MyoD and p 21 . ^^^ MyoD A5 / A200 causes sustained p 21 expression , which inhibits cyclin B Cdc 2 kinase activity in G ( 2 ) and delays M phase entry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our data show that succinyl acetone induced heme deficiency increases the protein levels of the tumor suppressor gene product p 53 and CDK inhibitor p 21 , and decreases the protein levels of Cdk 4 , Cdc 2 , and cyclin D 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Stage 4 oocytes contain a store of inactive pre MPF ( Tyr 15 phosphorylated Cdc 2 bound to cyclin B 2 ) ; the Cdc 25 phosphatase that catalyzes Tyr 15 dephosphorylation of Cdc 2 is also present . ^^^ We report that when cyclin B is overexpressed in stage 4 oocytes , MPF autoamplification does not occur and the newly formed cyclin B Cdc 2 complexes are inactivated by Tyr 15 phosphorylation , indicating that Myt 1 kinase remains active and that Cdc 25 is prevented to be activated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The levels of cyclin B 1 and phospho cdc 2 ( Thr 161 ) proteins were inhibited in the NO exposed cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Confluency alone decreased the transcript levels of ADH 3 , the proliferation markers cell division cycle 2 ( CDC 2 ) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) , and the basal cell marker cytokeratin 5 ( K 5 ) , but increased transcripts for the suprabasal differentiation markers involucrin ( INV ) and small proline rich protein 1B ( SPR 1 ) . ^^^ These changes were variably influenced by serum , i . e . , loss of CDC 2 and PCNA was inhibited , loss of K 5 promoted , increase of SPR 1 transcripts inhibited , and increase of INV promoted . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activity of Cdc 2 , the universal inducer of mitosis , is regulated by phosphorylation and binding to cyclin B . ^^^ In Xenopus , immature oocytes stockpile pre M phase promoting factor ( MPF ) composed of Cdc 2 cyclin B complexes maintained inactive by Thr 14 and Tyr 15 phosphorylation of Cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Studies with tritiated thymidine incorporation , immunofluorescence microscopy , immunoblotting analysis and flow cytometry revealed that WGA inhibited cell cycle progression after one replication , resulting in G2 / M arrest and alteration of cell cycle regulatory proteins , particularly activation of p21Cip1 / WAF1 and suppression of cyclin B and cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transient transfection assays show that YA aa inhibits transcription from the NF Y target promoters , such as cdc 2 , cyclin A , and cdc25C . ^^^ We constructed a recombinant adenovirus encoding YA aa and found that YA aa expression leads to repression of cell cycle regulatory genes , such as cyclin A , RNR R 2 , DNA polymerase alpha , cdc 2 , cyclin B , and cdc25C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our data demonstrate that Ganoderma lucidum inhibits cell proliferation in a dose and time dependent manner by the down regulation of expression of cyclin B and Cdc 2 and by the up regulation of p 21 expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Further , the G ( 2 ) / M arrest by silibinin in TCC SUP cells was associated with a decrease in pCdc25c ( Ser 216 ) , Cdc25c , pCdc 2 ( Tyr 15 ) , Cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 protein levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the expression of cyclin B 1 and CDC 2 kinase was markedly decreased in combination with genistein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Adriamycin inhibits histone H 3 ( Ser 10 ) phosphorylation through inhibitory phosphorylation of CDC 2 at low doses and down regulation of cyclin B 1 at high doses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of mitotic regulators , P 34 ( cdc 2 ) , cyclin B 1 , and p 53 was subsequently determined using Western blot analysis . ^^^ Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of P 34 ( cdc 2 ) and cyclin B 1 proteins in CNE 1 GL were 1 . 22+ / 0 . 04 and 2 . 12+ / 0 . 07 times higher than that of those in CNE 1 , respectively , but there was no difference in the expression of p 53 protein between CNE 1 GL and CNE 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The G2 / M arrest was accompanied by an elevated p 34 ( cdc 2 ) kinase activity and an increase in the protein expression of cyclin B 1 and phosphorylated form of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) ( Thr 161 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cdc 2 cyclin B induced G 2 to M transition in perch oocyte is dependent on Cdc 25 . ^^^ The G 2 to M phase transition in perch oocytes is regulated by maturation promoting factor ( MPF ) , a complex of Cdc 2 and cyclin B . ^^^ Purification of MPF through an immunoaffinity column followed by SDS PAGE showed three proteins , Cdc 2 , cyclin B , and a 20 kDa fragment , indicating earlier failure in immunodetection may be due to the interference by this fragment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In all eukaryotes , entry into mitosis from G 2 phase is initiated by a complex of the cdc 2 kinase and a B type cyclin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Measurements of cyclin A and B protein levels , Cdk 2 and Cdc 2 kinase activities , Cdc25C phosphorylation , and Chk 1 kinase activity were consistent with UCN 01 induced abrogation of the S / G2 phase checkpoint in ara C treated cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pre MPF is an heterodimer formed of cyclin B 2 and Cdc 2 protein kinase , which is maintained inactive by inhibitory phosphorylations on Thr 14 and Tyr 15 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ER negative cells showed higher expressions of BRCA 1 , BRCA 2 , cdc 2 , cyclin B 1 , cyclin D 1 , cyclin E , IGFBP 3 , TGF alpha , TGF beta 2 and a lower expression of TGF beta R 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The use of S roscovitine ( inhibitor of p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B kinase ) to hold bovine oocytes at the GV stage without compromising early embryo development was previously validated in our laboratory . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of the Ras Ral signaling affected neither the level nor the intracellular localization of cyclin B 1 and CDC 2 but interfered with the CDC 2 inhibitory phosphorylation at Tyr ( 15 ) and the decrease in the cyclin B / CDC2 kinase activity in damaged cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Maturation promoting factor ( MPF ; including cdc 2 and cyclin B ) and mitogen activated protein kinase ( MAPK ; including ERK 1 and ERK 2 ) were present at the beginning of culture , just after the oocytes had been harvested from the ovaries . ^^^ The quantities of cyclin B remained stable no matter how long a period of in vitro culture the oocytes underwent , whereas cdc 2 showed a tendency to accumulate in the oocytes toward the end of the 30 h culture period . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibition of the cdc 2 kinase by roscovitine did not change the phosphorylation status of Rb in SFN treated cells , suggesting that this cyclin dependent kinase may not be involved . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Additional studies indicate that the effect of BPR0L075 on cell cycle arrest is associated with an increase in cyclin B 1 levels and a mobility shift of Cdc 2 and Cdc25C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interestingly , the levels of phosphorylated Cdc 2 were increased between 6 h and 48 h after 1 , 25 [ OH ] 2VD3 treatment , although the expression levels of Cdc 2 mRNA and its protein production were reduced . 1 , 25 [ OH ] 2VD3 also decreased the expression of cyclin B 1 , which forms a complex with Cdc 2 . ^^^ In conclusion , the induction of Cdc 2 phosphorylation due to the increase of Wee 1 and Myt 1 as well as the reduction of Cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 are involved in 1 , 25 [ OH ] 2VD3 induced G2 / M arrest of keratinocytes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although the way to identify the mitotic factor seemed obvious , it proved very hard and was not purified until 1988 ( Lohka et al , 1988 ) , then work from a variety of organisms including Xenopus , starfish , clams , sea urchins and yeast converged on the identification of MPF as a complex of cdc 2 and cyclin B ( Dunphy et al , 1988 ; Gautier et al . , 1988 ; Draetta et al . , 1889 ; Meijer et al . , 1989 ; Labb et al . , 1989 ; Gautier et al . , 1990 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , cells stably expressing H179L p 53 arrested in S phase following cisplatin treatment , which correlated with a marked decrease in the expression of cdc 2 , cyclin B 1 and cyclin A , and a decrease in CDK 2 and cyclin A associated kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The G2 / M arrest was associated with the decrease in the expression of Cdc 2 and cyclin B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Wee 1 is a kinase regulator of the M phase promoting factor ( a complex of cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 ) . ^^^ Expression of wee 1 and the correlated cell cycle components , namely cdc 2 , cyclin B 1 , and cdc25C , was evaluated by immunohistochemistry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mitotic arrest was associated with elevated levels of cyclin B 1 protein and p 34 ( cdc 2 ) activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This was due to substantial reduction in cellular cyclin B levels resulting in the inhibition of Cdc 2 kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cdc 2 activate kinase ) protein levels in J 5 cells but increased cyclin B 1 protein level . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Repressed expression of cell cycle regulated cyclin B 1 and CDC 2 proteins indicates a potential for causing G2 / M arrest and disturbance of meiosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Etodolac induced p21WAF1 / Cip1 and p27Kip1 expression and inhibited CDK 2 , CDK 4 , CDC 2 , cyclin A and cyclin B 1 expression , but did not affect cyclin D 1 or cyclin E . ^^^ In conclusion , p21WAF1 / Cip1 , p27Kip1 , CDK 2 , CDK 4 , CDC 2 , cyclin A , cyclin B 1 and the MAP kinase signaling pathway are involved in growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest by a selective COX 2 inhibitor in HCC cell lines . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
LA induced modest level of apoptosis but had more pronounced effect on cell cycle progression arresting cells in G2 / M , accompanied by suppression of cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Eupatilin inhibited the expression of cyclin D 1 , cyclin B 1 , Cdk 2 and Cdc 2 that are key regulators of the cell cycle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The two subunits of MPF , p 34 ( cdc 2 ) and cyclin B , were shown to be included in the substrates phosphorylated by PKC in fertilized mouse eggs , while PKC modulator affected the electrophoretic mobility shift of cdc 2 and cdc25C by dephosphorylation and phosphorylation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The levels of cyclin B 1 and p21Cip1 / Waf1 were decreased , whereas cdc 2 levels were increased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of the G 2 regulated cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 genes reveals the presence of both positive and negative acting E2F promoter elements . ^^^ Finally , the kinetics of B Myb interaction with the G 2 regulated promoters coincides with the activation of the genes , and RNAi mediated reduction of B Myb inhibits expression of cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In HCG treated leiomyomal cells , the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen , cyclin E and cdc 2 was significantly reduced by SB treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treatment with rottlerin significantly decreased Cdc 2 activity through the downregulation of cyclin A , cyclin B , and Cdc 2 proteins , whereas the sensitizing effect of rottlerin on TRAIL induced apoptosis was independent of PKCdelta activity . ^^^ Forced expression of Cdc 2 together with cyclin B attenuated rottlerin potentiated TRAIL induced apoptosis by over riding the rottlerin mediated downregulation of survivin and XIAP protein levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blotting and kinase assays showed that CIL 102 exposure induced up regulation of cyclin B 1 and p 34 ( cdc 2 ) kinase activity and olomoucine , a p 34 ( cdc 2 ) inhibitor , profoundly reduced the number of cells accumulated in mitotic phase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cell cycle related protein analysis disclosed biphasic changes in cyclin B 1 and less dramatically cdc 2 , but stably elevated p 21 cip1 levels with increasing genistein concentrations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Mcs 6 CDK together with its cognate cyclin Mcs 2 represents the CDK activating kinase ( CAK ) of fission yeast Cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overexpression of both viral proteins induces cellular proliferation , retinoblastoma ( pRb ) phosphorylation , and accumulation of products of genes that are negatively regulated by pRb , such as p 16 ( INK4a ) , CDC 2 , E2F 1 , and cyclin A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A high expression of CCNB 1 ( cyclin B 1 ) , CDC 2 , CDKN3A , CKS1B , ANP32E , and KIAA 0101 , but not of the proliferation related antigen Ki 67 , was associated with better survival rate in a univariate analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Oocyte maturation has been shown to involve complex networks of signal transduction pathways , culminating in the cyclic activation and inactivation of maturation promoting factor ( MPF ) , which is composed of cyclin B and cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Asiaticoside plus vincristine enhanced S G ( 2 ) / M arrest , up regulated Cyclin B 1 protein expression , and down regulated P 34 ( cdc 2 ) protein expression in KB cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gadd45a protein has been reported to interact with multiple important cellular proteins , including Cdc 2 protein kinase , proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) , p21Waf1 / Cip1 protein , core histone protein and MTK / MEKK4 , an up stream activator of the JNK / SAPK pathway , indicating that Gadd45a may play important roles in the control of cell cycle checkpoint , DNA repair process , and signaling transduction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interestingly , induction of CHK 2 Thr 68 phosphorylation and of several downstream events , such as cyclin B 1 accumulation and Cdc 2 Tyr 15 phosphorylation , is also affected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Coincidentally with the cell cycle arrest , we observed a striking increase in cyclin B as well as phosphorylation of the cyclin dependent kinase Cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gadd45a interacts with Cdc 2 , dissociates the Cdc 2 cyclin B 1 complex , alters cyclin B 1 nuclear localization , and thus inhibits the activity of Cdc2 / cyclin B 1 kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chk 1 inhibition facilitates paclitaxel induced M phase entry by activation of Cdc 2 kinase and accumulation of cyclin B 1 , the required cofactor for Cdc 2 kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Acute inhibition of Emi 1 in progesterone treated oocytes immediately after GVBD causes rapid loss of cdc 2 activity with simultaneous loss of cyclin B levels and inactivation of the MAPK pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we show that the APC / C Cdc 20 can mediate cyclin B degradation in CSF arrested Xenopus eggs and extracts , in such a way that when Cdc 2 activity is elevated beyond a critical level , APC / C Cdc 20 dependent cyclin B degradation is activated and Cdc 2 activity consequently declines to the critical level . ^^^ We have also shown that Mos / MAPK pathway is essential for preventing the cyclin B degradation from inactivating Cdc 2 below the critical level required to sustain meta 2 arrest . ^^^ Our results indicate that under CSF arrest , Mos / MAPK activity suppresses cyclin B degradation , preventing Cdc 2 activity from falling below normal meta 2 levels , whereas activation of APC / C Cdc 20 mediated cyclin B degradation at elevated levels of Cdc 2 activity prevents Cdc 2 activity from reaching excessively high levels . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , biochemical examinations revealed that gamma radiation regulated p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B 1 and survivin , and inhibited IkappaBalpha degradation and bcl 2 phosphorylation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Forced RhoE overexpression in a prostate cancer cell line inhibits the expression of two proteins essential for G2 / M transition , namely CDC 2 and cyclin B 1 , and induces G2 / M arrest . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Coadministration of UCN 01 and rapamycin reduced the expression levels of the antiapoptotic members of the Bcl 2 family Mcl 1 and Bcl xL and diminished the expression of cyclin D 1 and p 34 ( cdc 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , tis 21 was bound to cyclin B 1 and Cdc 2 and inhibited its activity in vivo and in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surprisingly , dephosphorylation of tyrosine 15 did not accompany Cdc 2 activation during premature entry to mitosis in Chk 1 / cells , although mitotic phosphorylation of cyclin B 2 did occur . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treatment of Jurkat T cells with QBS increased the levels of cyclin B 1 as well as phosphorylated cdc 2 , which was accompanied by reduced activity of cdc 2 kinase , suggesting that QBS may induce cell cycle arrest at G 2 phase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Podocyturia in the PAN and anti Thy 1 . 1 nephritis model was preceded by entry of glomerular podocytes into the cell cycle , i . e . , cyclin D 1 , cdc 2 , and / or proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In response to DNA damage , p 53 activates G ( 1 ) / S blocking and apoptotic genes through sequence specific binding . p 53 also represses genes with no target site , such as those for Cdc 2 and cyclin B , key regulators of the G ( 2 ) / M transition . ^^^ Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that p 53 is associated with cyclin B 2 , CDC25C , and Cdc 2 promoters in vivo before and after DNA damage , requiring DNA bound NF Y . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The RO ET fraction reduced the levels of cyclin A and cell division cycle gene 2 ( cdc 2 ) in premalignant cells and cyclin B 1 , cyclin D 1 , and cdc 2 in the malignant cell lines . ^^^ Ferulic acid treatment led to increased levels of cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 in both cell lines , and p21waf1 / cip1 was induced in the malignant cell line . beta sitosterol reduced the levels of cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 while increasing p21waf1 / cip1 in both the premalignant and malignant cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phosphorylation of p 21 in G2 / M promotes cyclin B Cdc 2 kinase activity . ^^^ Cdc 2 kinase activation is delayed in p 21 deficient cells due to delayed association between Cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 . ^^^ The cyclin B 1 S126A mutant exhibits reduced Cdc 2 binding and has low kinase activity . ^^^ Phosphorylated p 21 binds to cyclin B 1 when Cdc 2 is phosphorylated on Y 15 and associates poorly with the complex . ^^^ Dephosphorylation on Y 15 and phosphorylation on T 161 promotes Cdc 2 binding to the p 21 cyclin B 1 complex , which becomes activated as a kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By contrast , Smad 7 overexpression interfered with TGF beta 1 mediated attenuation of cyclin A and B levels , inhibition of cdc 2 dephosphorylation and CDK 2 inactivation , up regulation of p 27 , and the maintenance of the retinoblastoma protein ( RB ) in a hypophosphorylated state . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
After performing Cyclin B 1 RNAi , Cyclin B 1 , Cyclin A and Cdk 2 protein levels were found to be markedly downregulated , whereas Cdc 2 was almost unaffected ; S phase fraction increased significantly ; HeLa cell viability and cell colony forming ability were markedly diminished after the RNAi ; Bcl 2 was noticeably attenuated but Bax was hardly changed ; and HeLa cells displayed typical DNA ladder . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These include genes encoding the anti apoptosis factor SURVIVIN , positive cell cycle regulators ( CDC 2 , CYCLIN B 1 , CYCLIN B 2 , CYCLIN G 1 , CHK 1 , BUB 3 , STK 6 , SKB 1 , CSE 1 L ) and chromosome replication proteins ( MCM 2 , MCM 3 , FEN 1 , RRM 2 , TOP2A , RFC 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , beta elemene was found to arrest NSCLC cells at G 2 M phase , the arrest being accompanied by decreases in the levels of cyclin B 1 and phospho Cdc 2 ( Thr 161 ) and increases in the levels of p 27 ( kip 1 ) and phospho Cdc 2 ( Tyr 15 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , we showed that treatment of these cells with both drugs downregulated cyclin B 1 and Cdc 2 expression , but elevated the levels of p 53 , p21waf1 / cip1 , p27kip1 and Gadd 45 . ^^^ Finally , the combination of beta elemene and cisplatin was found to increase the phosphorylation of Cdc 2 and Cdc25C , which leads to a reduction in Cdc 2 cyclin B 1 activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reporter gene analyses demonstrate that promoter activities of cyclin D 1 , cyclin D 2 , and Cdc 2 are up regulated in jmj mutant cardiomyocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In flow cytometric analysis , G 2 M cell cycle arrest was specifically observed in GB d 1 cells with MGMT / hMLH1+ and expression of cyclin A and Cdc 2 in GB d 1 cells was significantly reduced by MNU treatment , but not observed in KMG C cells with MGMT+ / hMLH1+ . ^^^ In conclusion , MNU suppressed cell proliferation of MGMT / hMLH1+ gallbladder carcinoma cells by arresting the cell cycle at the G 2 M phase , accompanied by down regulation of cyclin A and Cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prx 1 and Prx 2 become inactivated when phosphorylated on Thr ( 90 ) by cyclin B dependent kinase Cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The levels of cyclin B 1 decreased , whereas Cdc 2 kept at a steady level . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Three dimensional reconstruction from confocal fluorescent images , together with functional assays for key molecules of the G 2 checkpoint cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 was performed in human uterine cervical samples . ^^^ After confirming 22 human papillomavirus ( HPV ) types using a DNA chip from 30 cervical swabs , previously confirmed as 15 cervical low grade and 15 high grade intraepithelial lesions , the activity of molecules involved in the G 2 checkpoint was evaluated using western blotting for cyclin B 1 , cdc 2 , and phospho cdc 2 ( Y 15 and T 161 ) , a nuclear extraction fractional assay , and a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay . ^^^ RESULTS : T 161 phospho cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 expression was higher in HPV infected cervical lesions than in normal samples . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To elucidate that the cell cycle inhibitory effect of GJS stems from its capability of transcriptional regulation of the cell cycle controlling genes , we investigated mRNA expression of p 53 , Waf 1 , PCNA , Cyclin D 1 , Cdc 2 , Histone H 3 , c Myc , and c Fos . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recent technologies and investigations of interacting proteins have shown that activation of several kinases including protein kinase A , protein kinase C ( PKC ) , p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B kinase , casein kinase 1 ( CK 1 ) , mitogen activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) and pp 60 ( src ) kinase can lead to phosphorylation of the majority of the 21 serine and two of the tyrosine residues in the C terminal region of Cx 43 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Finally , histone acetylation was modestly affected only on Cdc 2 and cyclin B 2 but not on other repressed promoters . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cell cycle delay at G2 / M was characterized by accelerated and prolonged Cdc 2 phosphorylation and stabilization of cyclin B 1 and Wee 1 kinase expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , the kinase activities of Cdc 2 and Cdk 2 were significantly decreased following sodium butyrate treatment , accompanying downregulation of cyclin A and cyclin B , as well as upregulation of p 21 . ^^^ Forced expression of Cdc 2 plus cyclin B , but not Cdk 2 plus cyclin A , attenuated sodium butyrate / TRAIL induced apoptosis , overriding sodium butyrate mediated downregulation of survivin and XIAP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This effect was strongly associated with a concomitant decrease in the level of cyclin B 1 , Cdc 25 and Cdc 2 , and increase in phospho Cdc 2 ( Tyr 15 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tumor samples were stained for cyclin B 1 , cdc 2 , and Ki 67 , the apoptotic index , using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling staining . ^^^ RESULTS : Cyclin B 1 was positive in all biopsies before and after initiation of RT , and staining for cdc 2 was positive in 35 ( 92 % ) of 38 biopsies before and 33 ( 87 % ) of 38 after 1 week of RT . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During HD doxorubicin induced apoptosis , the histone H 1 associated activities of Cdc 2 and Cdk 2 both progressively declined in parallel with reductions in cyclin A and cyclin B protein levels . ^^^ In contrast , during LD doxorubicin induced cell death through mitotic catastrophe , the Cdc 2 and Cdk 2 kinases were transiently activated 1 day post treatment , with similar changes seen in the protein levels of cyclin A , cyclin B , and Cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cdc 2 cyclin E complexes regulate the G1 / S phase transition . ^^^ We observed elevated levels of S phase and mitosis in tissues of p 27 ( / ) Cdk 2 ( / ) mice concomitantly with elevated Cdc 2 activity in p 27 ( / ) Cdk 2 ( / ) extracts . p 27 binds to Cdc 2 , cyclin B 1 , cyclin A 2 , or suc 1 complexes in wild type and Cdk 2 ( / ) extracts . ^^^ In addition , cyclin E binds to and activates Cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Nevertheless , we provide evidence that CPEB is in fact hyperphosphorylated by cdc 2 , without apparent involvement of Aurora or MAP kinase , and that cyclin B synthesis can be stimulated without previous degradation of phosphorylated CPEB . ^^^ Thus , the regulation of cyclin B synthesis necessary for progression through meiosis can be explained by an equilibrium between CPEB phosphorylation and dephosphorylation , and both aspects of this control may rely on the sole activation of Cdc 2 and subsequent nuclear breakdown . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show that , in contrast to the Kaposi ' s sarcoma associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) 5 cyclin , the gammaHV 68 5 cyclin preferentially interacts with cdk 2 and cdc 2 but does not interact with either cdk 4 or cdk 6 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of this study was to elucidate the prognostic values of risk grade and alterations of cell cycle related proteins , including Ki 67 , cyclin A , cyclin B 1 , cyclin D 1 , cyclin E , p 16 , p 21 , p 27 , p 53 , cdc 2 , and cdk 2 , in addition to the conventional factors . ^^^ Overexpression of G 2 M regulators , such as cyclin A , cyclin B 1 , and cdc 2 , was associated with the Ki 67 labeling index ( LI ) ( P = . 0007 , . 0475 , and . 0040 , respectively ) . ^^^ According to univariate analysis , tumor grade ( high risk ) , tumor size ( > or =5 cm ) , mitotic counts ( > or =5 / 50 high power fields ) , Ki 67 LI ( > or =4 . 92 % ) , cyclin A LI ( > or =1 . 61 % ) , and cdc 2 LI ( > or =1 . 25 % ) were all found to be significantly associated with a shorter period of disease free survival ( P = . 0001 , . 0270 , . 0004 , . 0001 , . 0001 , and . 0011 , respectively ) . ^^^ Furthermore , alteration of G 2 M regulators , such as cyclin A , cyclin B 1 , and cdc 2 , is also a useful marker for predicting aggressive behavior and play an important role , at least in part , in the cell proliferation of GIST . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , CAPE ( 1 10 microM ) treatment of AsT HOS cells inhibited cell growth , induced cell cycle G2 / M arrest , and triggered apoptosis , accompanied by changes in cytokine gene expression , as well as decreases in cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 abundance . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we have studied the ability of MG to cause DNA damage , cell cycle arrest in mimosine synchronised and the possible roles of Chk 1 , Chk 2 , Cdc 2 , Cdc25C , 14 3 3 and Cyclin B 1 in control and MG transformed SHE cells in order to understand the differential mechanisms associated with G2 / M checkpoint control . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At the 13th cell cycle , the amount of cdc2 / cyclin B in the cortical cytoplasm decreased , and the inactive form of cdc 2 , phosphorylated at tyrosine 15 , appeared in the nucleus and the centrosomes at interphase , indicating that the regulation of cdc 2 by phosphorylation occurs around MBT . ^^^ When the blastomeres were treated with nocodazole or latrunculin A at the 8th cell cycle , the amount of cortical cdc 2 decreased , but that of cyclin B did not change . ^^^ It is possible that the cortical MPF activity is regulated by the differential localization between cdc 2 and cyclin B . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When compared with non transformed parental NIH3T3 cells , H Ras transformed fibroblasts exhibit an increase in mitotic index , levels of cyclin B 1 and Cdc 2 , and cyclin B1 / Cdc2 kinase activity . ^^^ Conversely , over expression of KLF 5 in NIH3T3 cells leads to an increase in the promoter activity of the genes encoding cyclin B 1 and Cdc 2 . ^^^ These results indicate that KLF 5 accelerates mitotic entry in H Ras transformed cells by transcriptionally activating cyclin B 1 and Cdc 2 , which leads to an increase in cyclin B1 / Cdc2 kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cell cycle oscillator includes an essential negative feedback loop : Cdc 2 activates the anaphase promoting complex ( APC ) , which leads to cyclin destruction and Cdc 2 inactivation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The levels of cyclin B 1 , Wee 1 and phosphorylated cdc 2 but not total cdc 2 in HK 1 cells were significantly reduced by SarCNU treatment . ^^^ In contrast to HK 1 cells , decrease in total cdc 2 but increase in phosphorylated cdc 2 at Tyr 15 , cyclin B 1 and Wee 1 was observed in CNE 2 cells treated with SarCNU . ^^^ The data indicate that in NPC cells SarCNU induced apoptosis was p 53 dependent while SarCNU induced G2 / M arrest was mediated by altering the levels of cyclin B 1 cdc 2 complex and phosphorylation of cdc 2 at Tyr 15 resulting in inactivation of cellular cdc 2 activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The latter cells were the most responsive to betulinic acid , showing a selective decline in the cdk 4 protein , without a comparable change in other key cell cycle proteins like cdc 2 , cdk 2 , cdk 7 or cyclin A , prior to apoptosis associated PARP fragmentation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : M phase promoting factor ( MPF ) , which is comprised of Cyclin B and a catalytic subunit , Cdc 2 , is a key enzyme required for cells to enter M phase in both mitosis and meiosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of cyclin A , cyclin B , cyclin D 1 , cdk 2 , cdk 4 , cdc 2 , proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) , p 21 ( Cip / WAF1 ) , and p 27 was examined with immunoblotting analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ponicidin treated MCF 7 cells expressed reduced levels of cyclin B 1 , cdc 2 , transcription factor E2F , and Rb including phosphorylation at S 780 . ^^^ In MCF 10A cells , oridonin was more active than ponicidin in inhibiting the expression of cyclin B 1 , cdc 2 , S 780 phosphorylated Rb , and E2F . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , H2O2 treatment lowered the levels of p27Kip1 , cdc 2 , and PCNA in the rat lens culture , unlike in the HLE B 3 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The G 2 M arrest by silibinin and silymarin was associated with decreased levels of cyclin B 1 , cyclin A , pCdc 2 ( Tyr 15 ) , Cdc 2 , and an inhibition of Cdc 2 kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In old oocytes , the activities of MPF ( a complex of the cyclin dependent kinase cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 ) and MAPK ( mitogen activated protein kinase ) decreased precociously , showing a first drop as early as 3 h after the beginning of in vitro culture ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of the arrays showed that expression of several genes such as clusterin , secreted frizzled related protein mRNA ( sFRP 1 ) , CREB binding protein ( CBP ) , and others was higher in the apoptotic cells whereas expression of certain genes including survivin , cell division cycle 2 homolog A ( CDC 2 ) , and cyclin A was lower . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The levels of phospho CDC 2 ( threonine 161 ) , CDC 2 , and cyclin B 1 proteins were decreased , and the G2 / M fractions were increased by arsenite . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Redundant pathways for Cdc 2 activation in Xenopus oocyte : either cyclin B or Mos synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we performed cell cycle analyses on HEK cells stably expressing the human FP receptor and found that treatment with PGF ( 2alpha ) delays mitosis and is associated with an increased expression of cyclin B 1 and Cdc 2 kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activity of Cdc 2 and its interaction with the cyclin Cdc 13 depend on the molecular chaperone Cdc 37 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe . ^^^ In fission yeast , a G 2 cell cycle arrest can arise by inactivation of the cyclin dependent kinase ( Cdk ) Cdc 2 that regulates entry into mitosis . ^^^ Inactivation of Cdc 2 appears to result from the inability to form complexes with its mitotic cyclin partner Cdc 13 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blot analysis revealed that arecoline induced cyclin Bl , Wee 1 , and phosphorylated cdc 2 protein levels whereas it declined p 21 protein expression in KB cancer cells . ^^^ Nevertheless , arecoline induced p 21 , but decreased cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 protein levels in GK . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , under treatment with various concentrations of PA in MDA MB 231 cell line , we checked mRNA levels for cyclin A and cyclin B 1 and the protein levels of cyclin A and cyclin B 1 , Cdc 2 ( cyclin dependent kinases ) , p 21 ( waf1 / cip1 ) and P 27 ( Kip 1 ) ( cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors ) , Cdc25C , Chk 2 and Wee 1 kinase ( cyclin dependent kinase relative factors ) in cell cycle G2 / M phase . ^^^ From those results , we determined that PA arrests MDA MB 231 cells at the G2 / M phase by ( 1 ) inhibiting synthesis or stability of mRNA and their downstream protein levels of cyclin A and cyclin B 1 , ( 2 ) increasing p 21 ( waf1 / cip1 ) and P 27 ( kip 1 ) levels , ( 3 ) increasing Chk 2 , thus causing an increase in Cdc25C phosphorylation / inactivation and inducing a decrease in Cdc 2 levels and an increase in Wee 1 level . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blotting analysis indicated that LDM induced G 1 and G2 / M arrests in MCF 7 cells were associated with an increase of p 53 and p 21 , and a decrease of phosphorylated retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein , cyclin dependent kinase ( Cdk ) , Cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 protein levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NF Y transcription factor binds to CCAAT boxes on promoters of cell cycle regulatory genes such as cdc 2 , cyclin B , cdc25C , and cyclin A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunoblot assay showed that chalcone significantly decreased the expression of cyclin B 1 , cyclin A and Cdc 2 protein , as well as increased the expression of p 21 and p 27 in a p 53 independent manner , contributing to cell cycle arrest . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The phosphorylation occurs in vivo during mitosis and is executed by the p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin B kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The sodium butyrate induce cell cycle arrest was associated with the decrease of Cdc 2 , Cdk 4 and cyclin A in BCBL 1 cells without altering the protein levels of p 21 ( CIP1 / WAF1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because cyclin B 1 overexpression , induction of cdc 2 phosphorylation , and its regulatory proteins wee 1 and phospho cdc25C ( interphase and mitotic forms ) by 2 ME ( 2 ) treatment correlated with the induction of apoptosis , growth arrest at the G2 / M phase , and accumulation of the S phase , we reasoned that cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 phosphorylation and its upstream regulatory molecular networks may be associated with the ultimate impacts of 2 ME ( 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression levels of PLK 1 , cdc 2 , cyclin B and caspase 3 were detected by Western blotting . ^^^ RESULTS : PLK 1 gene knockdown was associated with increased cyclin B expression , increased cdc 2 activity ( but not with the expression levels ) , accumulation of gastric cancer cells at G2 / M , improper mitotic spindle formation , delayed chromosome separation and delayed or arrested cytokinesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the other hand , TIS 21 inhibits degradations of cyclin A and cyclin B 1 at G2 / M phase , and directly binds to Cdc 2 , resulting in the failure of mitotic exit and then increasing the tumor cell death , when stimulated by high concentration of EGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Elevation of cyclin B 1 , active cdc 2 , and HuR in cervical neoplasia with human papillomavirus type 18 infection . ^^^ After confirming 22 HPV types among 95 cervical swabs , 10 cervical tissues , and seven established cell lines using a DNA chip , we evaluated the functional activities of G 2 molecules assays , that included ; western blotting for cyclin B 1 , cdc 2 and phospho cdc 2 ( Y 15 and T 161 ) , immunoprecipitation for cdc 2 , a nuclear extraction fractional assay , and RT PCR for cyclin B 1 . ^^^ The expression of cyclin B 1 was found to be dependent on HPV type , and was particularly overexpressed in high risk types , whereas cdc 2 was ubiquitously expressed irrespective of HPV type . ^^^ Phospho cdc 2 and cyclin B 1 , however , were most intense in HPV 18 infected cervical samples . ^^^ This study demonstrates that HPV 18 decreases the fidelity of mitotic checkpoints and increases cdc 2 associated histone H 1 kinase activity relative to control populations , and further shows that the G 2 checkpoint is aberrant by virtue of the stabilization of cyclin B 1 mRNA through the upregulation of HuR protein and the functional form of cdc 2 , especially in cases with HPV 18 infected cervical lesions . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Flow cytometric analysis revealed that petrotetrayndiol A resulted in G2 / M arrest in the cell cycle progression which was associated with a marked decrease in the protein expression of cyclin B 1 and its activating partner Cdc 2 with concomitant inductions of p21WAF1 / CIP1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results revealed that HY 52 was found to inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells through inducing a G 1 phase arrest by inhibiting pRb phosphorylation via an up regulation of p21WAF1 / CIP1 and p27KIP1 , and G2 / M phase arrest by down regulation of CDC 2 , cyclin A , and cyclin B1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One of the system parameters , which is linked to the cyclin dependent kinase cdc 2 , controls excitability via a second bistable switch . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We discuss for example the interaction of cyclin D 1 and p 27 and the compensation of Cdk 2 by Cdc 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Levels of p 130 rose after drug treatment , and it was the primary RB family member recruited to the S phase promoters cyclin A and PCNA and G 2 M promoters cyclin B and cdc 2 , remaining present for the entire 8 day time period . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of CDK 2 , CDC 2 and cyclin A was induced rapidly in the process of radiation induced apoptosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , other G2 / M regulatory molecules , such as cyclin A , Cdc 2 , Cdk 2 , Wee 1 and Cdc25C , were not modulated by curcumin treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our present study shows that c Myc was significantly induced and that it inhibited p 21 and induced proteins such as cyclin dependent kinases , cyclin D , and cyclin E , which are involved in the cell cycle process , along with phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein and Cdc 2 ( cell division cycle 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cell cycle arrest induced by LOR ( 75 microM , 24 h ) was associated with a significant decrease in protein levels of cyclin B 1 , cell division cycle ( Cdc ) 25B , and Cdc25C , leading to accumulation of Tyr 15 phosphorylated Cdc 2 ( inactive form ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We observed a gradual decrease of Retinoblastoma protein ( Rb ) phosphorylation and reduced expression of E2F target genes , like Cdc 2 and cyclin A 2 , during embryogenesis and in embryonic fibroblasts ( MEFs ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the contrary , a decline of cyclin Bl , cdc 2 and cdc25C mRNA and protein expression in SAS cells was found after exposure to sodium butyrate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In oocyte extracts , the activity of cyclin B Cdc 2 complexes , the M phase inducer , fluctuates in the same manner as it does in maturing oocytes during the MI to MII transition period . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The inhibitory activity towards p 34 ( cdc 2 ) / cyclin b kinase ( CBK ) enzyme of 30 cytokinin derived compounds has been successfully modelled using 2D spatial autocorrelation vectors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
E2F 1 overexpression in U2OS cells increases cyclin B 1 levels and cdc 2 kinase activity and sensitizes cells to antimitotic agents . ^^^ Therefore , we investigated the effect of E2F 1 overexpression on proteins regulating the G 2 M transition and M phase , in particular cyclin B 1 and cdc 2 kinase . ^^^ Cyclin B 1 mRNA and protein levels increased within 24 hours of E2F1 induction together with an increase in associated cdc 2 kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While AR depletion inhibited the expression of cyclin D 1 , cyclin B , and cdc 2 , ACTR depletion reduced the expression of cyclin E and cdk 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Identification of both Myt 1 and Wee 1 as necessary mediators of the p 21 independent inactivation of the cdc 2 / cyclin B 1 complex and growth inhibition of TRAMP cancer cells by genistein . ^^^ METHODS : Myt 1 and Wee 1 modulation by genistein was examined via Western blot analysis and the effect of their inhibition by siRNA on cyclin B 1 levels / localization , cdc 2 kinase activity , and cellular proliferation of genistein treated TRAMP C 2 cells was determined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As with cyclin A 1 siRNA in lung cancer cell lines , cyclin B 1 , Cdc 2 and CDK 2 were all significantly downregulated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The p 18 gene , one of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor ( CDKI ) genes , maps to this chromosomal region . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , loss of function mutations in cell cycle negative regulatory elements , including p 53 point mutations and deletions of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors ( CDKI ) p 15 and p 16 have been described in a subset of MCLs and have been associated with aggressive clinical course , blastic morphology , and extranodal dissemination . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In many cell types , terminal differentiation is coupled to an irreversible exit from the cell cycle and MyoD plays a critical role in the permanent cell cycle arrest of differentiating myocytes by upregulating the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor ( cdki ) p 21 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibition of cyclin dependent kinases ( CDK ) by cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors ( CDKI ) blocks cell cycle progression and inhibits cellular proliferation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We speculate that the balance between cyclin and cdk activation and cdki suppression in AEC 2 serves to integrate the combined influences of biomatrix and KGF signaling on pRb phosphorylation , thereby controlling transit through S phase of the cell cycle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutations in Rb , cyclin D 1 , its catalytic subunit Cdk 4 , and the CDKI p16Ink4a , which alter the protein or its level of expression , are all strongly implicated in cancer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since its discovery as a CDKI ( cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor ) in 1993 , the tumor suppressor p 16 ( INK4A / MTS 1 / CDKN2A ) has gained widespread importance in cancer . ^^^ Its mechanism of action as a CDKI has been elegantly elucidated and involves binding to and inactivating the cyclin D cyclin dependent kinase 4 ( or 6 ) complex , and thus renders the retinoblastoma protein inactive . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Herein we examined the CDK ( cyclin D 1 , cdk 5 ) and CDKI expression profiles during the first 24 days of postnatal rat cerebella development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ang 2 had no significant effect on the steady state levels of cyclin dependent kinase ( CDK ) inhibitor ( CDKI ) , p27kip1 , and on the activities of CDK 2 and CDK 4 , although it caused a modest increase in cyclin E levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The INK 4 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors ( CDKI ) , such as p 15 ( INK4B ) and p 16 ( INK4A ) , block cell cycle progression from G to S phase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A recent study showed that mimosine might induce growth arrest by activating the expression of p21CIP1 , a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor ( CDKI ) , and by inhibiting the activity of cyclin E associated kinases in human breast cancer cells . ^^^ However , mimosine does not affect transcription of these genes directly because significant changes in cyclin D 1 or CDKI expression were observed at 12 24 h after drug addition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , lovastatin increased the protein level of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor ( CDKI ) , p 27 , and markedly enhanced the binding of p 27 with CDK 2 and CDK 4 more than CDK 6 after 24 h exposure . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
With the eventual aim of using ribozymes as antiviral agents or biological tools in mammalian cells , we then devised a novel selection system in mammalian cells of active ribozymes by targeting at a gene for the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor ( CDKI ) , p16INK4a . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin dependent kinase ( CDK ) was regulated by CDK inhibitor ( CDKI ) ( p 16 , p 15 ) , and CDK CDKI complex control RB by phosphorylation . p 53 regulate RB pathway through p 21 . p 53 is involved in apoptosis through bcl 2 or Bax 3 . p 19 coded by exon 1 beta and exons 2 and 3 of p 16 gene , binds to MDM 2 and regulate p 53 pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In stable or transient HBV 10 transformed Hep3B cells , HBV 10 increased protein and mRNA levels of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor ( CDKI ) p 21 ( waf1 / cip1 ) increased binding of p 21 ( waf1 / cip1 ) with cyclin dependent kinase 2 ( CDK 2 ) , markedly inhibited cyclin E and CDK 2 associated phosphorylation of histone H 1 and induced the activation of a p 21 promoter reporter construct . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Adenovirus expressing p 27 ( Kip 1 ) induces growth arrest of lung cancer cell lines and suppresses the growth of established lung cancer xenografts . p 27 ( Kip 1 ) ( p 27 ) is a member of the universal cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor ( CDKI ) family and a putative tumor suppressor gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the presence of DF , PMA induced upregulation of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor ( CDKI ) , p 21 ( WAF1 / CIP1 ) , was blocked and its expression could be restored in the presence of DF by supplementation with ferric citrate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Based on these experimental findings , a model is proposed in which T cell activation in the presence of serum immunoregulatory factor ( s ) induced by G CSF is associated with a molecular phenotype mimicking the G ( 1 ) S transition and consisting of pRB phosphorylation , lack of CDKI recruitment , and reduced cyclin E expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibition of PKC activator induced CDKI expression by ara C and dFdC did not lead to redistribution of proliferating cell nuclear antigen but was accompanied by sub additive or antagonistic effects on leukemic cell differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Following RA treatment , both receptors cause an early , transient increase in the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor ( CDKI ) p 21 proteins , while only RARalpha causes a simultaneous sharp , brief increase in the CDKI p 16 protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
After treatment of primary human CD34+ progenitors with TGF beta there was a decrease in the levels of cyclin D 2 protein and an increase in levels of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor ( CDKI ) p 15 as compared to the levels in untreated cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CONCLUSION : The cell growth and proliferation of SGC 7901 cell is inhibited by c 9 , t 11 CLA via blocking the cell cycle , with reduced expressions of cyclin A , B ( 1 ) and D ( 1 ) and enhanced expressions of CDKI ( P 16 ( ink4a ) and p 21 ( cip / waf1 ) ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : We studied mucosal tissues from 19 patients of OLP and 10 controls , with immunohistochemistry for Ki 67 , p 53 , cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors ( CDKI ) and cyclins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin dependent protein kinase ( Cdk ) inhibitor ( CDKI ) activity assays were done to determine the expression / activities of Cdks and Western blot analysis was performed to determine the presence of CDKIs and other cell cycle regulator proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The molecular mechanisms underlying this G ( 1 ) phase arrest appear to be due to the induction of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors ( CDKI ) p 15 ( INK 4 ) , p 21 ( Cip 1 ) , and p 27 ( Kip 1 ) , which are known to bind and inactivate cyclinD / CDK4 / 6 and the cyclin E / CDK2 kinase complexes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Disruption of the gene for the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor ( CDKI ) p27 / kip1 results in pituitary corticotroph hyperplasia while diminished expression of this protein has been described in aggressive human pituitary tumors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cytokines may regulate cell proliferation by cell cycle regulatory proteins , in which cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors ( CDKI ) inhibit cell proliferation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Skin tumours ( n=148 ) of epidermal or hair follicle origin were examined immunohistochemically to determine the expression of p 27 ( Kip 1 ) ( p 27 ) , a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor ( CDKI ) , and of Ki 67 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The complete developmental expression pattern of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor ( CDKI ) p 57 ( kip 2 ) has not been reported , here we report a detailed study of the localization of p 57 ( kip 2 ) protein during mouse organogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor ( CDKI ) p 27 protein was investigated in relation to ( 1 ) the expression of the cell cycle regulators p 53 , Rb and p 16 and ( 2 ) the proliferation profile as determined by the expression of Ki 67 , cyclin A , and cyclin B 1 in 80 cases of de novo diffuse large B cell lymphomas ( DLBCL ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : The authors assessed the prognostic significance of abnormal cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor ( CDKI ) expression in adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This normal cell line DNA demethylase activity associates with PCNA immune complex that is inhibited by CDKI proteins p 21 ( waf 1 ) / Gadd45alpha and Gadd45beta . ^^^ This cancer cell line DNA demethylase activity is not associated with PCNA immune complex and is not inhibited by CDKI proteins p 21 ( waf 1 ) / Gadd45alpha and Gadd45beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVES : The telomere ( T ) length , p 21 ( WAF1 / CIP1 ) and p 27 ( Kip 1 ) cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor ( CDKI ) genes are considered the markers of cell senescence and DNA damage . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cell cycle control system is a cyclically operating biochemical device constructed from a set of interacting proteins that induce and coordinate proper progression through the cycle , and includes cyclins , cyclin dependent kinases ( CDK ) and their inhibitors ( CDKI ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Assimilation of HPV oncogenes E 6 and E 7 into the host DNA promotes upregulation of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor ( CDKI ) p 16 ( INK4A ) , detectable by monoclonal antibody in the developing cervical cancer cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor ( CdKI ) p 21 ( Waf 1 ) is overexpressed in H2O2 and tert butylhydroperoxide induced premature senescence , likely explaining in part the hypophosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein . p 21 ( Waf 1 ) is known to inhibit the kinase activity of the cyclin dependent kinase ( CdK ) 4 and 6 cyclin complexes . ^^^ In this work , we investigated whether the kinase activity of the CdK 4 and 6 cyclin complexes can be modulated by CdKI p 16 ( Ink 4a ) , by changes in the protein level of CdKs and cyclins , or by changes in kinase activity of these CdKs not directly involving CdKIs . ^^^ This CdK 2 mediated effect should be considered in addition to the inhibition of cyclin D CdK 4 and 6 complexes by CdKI p 21 ( Waf 1 ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cerebella were collected from pups ( postnatal day ( P ) 0 through P 21 ) and examined for CDK , cyclin , or CDKI expression using a quantitative immunoblotting procedure . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The protein or mRNA levels of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors ( cdki ) p 21 ( Cip 1 ) , p 27 ( Kip 1 ) were unaffected by Dex treatment of ASM cells treated with mitogens . ^^^ The resistance of EGF induced proliferation to inhibition by glucocorticoids is not associated with a failure to regulate cyclin D 1 induction , nor does it appear to be explained by differential regulation of the levels of the cdki ' s , p 21 ( Cip 1 ) and p 27 ( Kip 1 ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Arrest was linked to an elevation of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor ( cdki ) p 27 ( Kip 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cyclin groove recognition motif ( CRM ) in the natural CDK inhibitory ( CDKI ) tumour suppressor protein p27KIP1 was used as the basis for the design and synthesis of a series of cyclic peptides whose biological activity and structural characterisation by NMR and 10 ray crystallography is reported . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Downstream in CDKI CDK cyclin cascade , consistent with its inhibitory effect on CDK kinase activity , IP 6 treatment of cells increased hypophosphorylated levels of retinoblastoma ( Rb ) with a decrease in Rb phosphorylation at serine 780 , 807 , and 811 sites , and caused a moderate to strong decrease in the levels of transcription factors E2F1 , E2F4 , and E2F5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Consistent with G ( 1 ) arrest in DU 145 cells , decursin strongly increased protein levels of Cip1 / p21 but showed a moderate increase in Kip1 / p27 with a decrease in cyclin dependent kinases ( CDK ) ; CDK 2 , CDK 4 , CDK 6 , and cyclin D 1 , and inhibited CDK 2 , CDK 4 , CDK 6 , cyclin D 1 , and cyclin E kinase activity , and increased binding of CDK inhibitor ( CDKI ) with CDK . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In general , progression through cell cycle phases is regulated by the sequential expression and activation of regulatory proteins like cyclin dependent kinases ( cdk ) , cyclins , or cdk inhibitors ( cdki ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Taken together , these results suggest that markedly down regulation of G 1 associated cyclin D 2 , cyclin E and cdc25A and up regulation of CDKI , p 15 and p 27 , and may contribute to I 6 mediated cell cycle arrest . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Their expression levels of p 53 and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors ( CDKI ) were about 2 3 fold higher than the control . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND / AIMS : The cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors ( CDKI ) including p 21 , p 27 , and p 57 of the kinase inhibitor protein ( KIP ) family are negative regulators of cell cycle progression and potentially act as tumor suppressor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Study of the key regulators of cell cycle progression by Western blot analysis showed that the expression of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor ( CDKI ) p 27 ( kip 1 ) , but not that of p 21 ( cip 1 ) , was enhanced , whereas that of c Myc , cyclin E , cyclin D 2 , and cyclin dependent kinases 2 and 4 ( CDK 2 and CDK 4 ) was decreased when these cells were treated with TZD 18 ( 10 or 20 microM ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Berberine inhibits growth , induces G 1 arrest and apoptosis in human epidermoid carcinoma A 431 cells by regulating Cdki Cdk cyclin cascade , disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP . ^^^ G ( 0 ) / G ( 1 ) phase of the cell cycle is known to be controlled by cyclin dependent kinases ( Cdk ) , cyclin kinase inhibitors ( Cdki ) and cyclins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : It is known that the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor ( CDKI ) gene p 21 ( Cip 1 ) suppresses rheumatoid inflammation by down modulating type 1 interleukin 1 receptor ( IL 1RI ) expression and inhibiting JNK activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Current data indicate that alterations of cyclin kinase inhibitor ( cdki ) levels are implicated in the pathogenesis of melanoma and may be useful prognostic markers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P06493 and P12004	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA