| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.65770981 |
| When the human mineralocorticoid receptor ( hMR ) was cloned and sequenced by the Evans laboratory , its close homology with the human glucocorticoid receptor ( hGR ) was noted ; subsequently , on the basis of its higher sequence similarity to the GR than to the progesterone receptor ( PR ) or androgen receptor ( AR ) , MR and GR have commonly been considered to share an immediate common ancestral `` corticoid receptor . ' ' When , however , homology is determined for the full length receptor , or helices 3 / 4 / 5 / 12 , MR is least like any of the other three receptors ; for the ligand binding domain , AR is clearly the least homologous . 0.65770981^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.53121914 |
| It appears that an interaction of MR with GR on the beta 1 promoter effectively down regulates transcription . . 0.53121914^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.5075365 |
| The GST pull down technique was used to confirm an interaction between the MR and the cMBP c as well as the lack of interaction with the GR . 0.5075365^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Modulators of the glucocorticoid receptor also regulate mineralocorticoid receptor function . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Type 1 resembles the kidney mineralocorticoid receptor and Type 2 is similar to the liver glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| There are two types of CT receptors : the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Aldosterone modulates glucocorticoid receptor binding in hippocampal cell cultures via the mineralocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the brain , glucocorticoids bind to both the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Transactivation and synergistic properties of the mineralocorticoid receptor : relationship to the glucocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The glucocorticoid receptor and the mineralocorticoid receptor are hormone dependent transcription factors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Androgens modulate glucocorticoid receptor mRNA , but not mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA levels , in the rat hippocampus . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RU 28318 , a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist and RU 38486 , a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The role of the GR and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) in the CRH regulation in the FMS patients remains to be solved . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA in the limbic system and GR mRNA levels in the pars distalis were unaffected . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two corticosteroid receptors have been cloned ; they are the glucocorticoid receptor and the mineralocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This allowed us to identify genes specifically regulated by GR in the absence of the mineralocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We observed that GR and also mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) are expressed by embryonic rat neural stem cells ( NSCs ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Eight responding patients ( CR or MR ) went on to receive oral GR at 8 or 12 mg t . i . d . for 5 days . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor with the Mr approximately 90 , 000 heat shock protein . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| GR and mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) were measured using radioligand binding assays . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| There was no difference between Kd values of MR and GR binding in young and old dogs . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunoprecipitation experiments showed the GR antigen to be 110 120 kD Mr . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neither hippocampal MR nor glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression were affected by spironolactone . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In cell based functional cotransfection assays , GSs behaved as antagonists of AR , GR , and MR , but as agonists of PR . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Notions about the relative roles of MR and GR for HPA axis regulation during stressor challenge may not be complete . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Anti Ia sera inhibit the MLR reaction between normal GR spleen cells and syngeneic spleen cells of GRSL tumor bearing mice . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| No consistent change in steroid hormone receptor mRNA levels was seen in the hippocampus with the 3 drugs , but fluoxetine and idazoxan increased the level of mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) mRNA , respectively , after 8 weeks of drug administration . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Unlike the type 2 ( GR ) receptor , type 1 receptor has a high affinity for aldosterone ( ALDO ) and corticosterone and is structurally similar to the kidney mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In situ hybridization was used to study the neuroanatomical distribution of mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) gene expression during development in the rat . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Concerning the effect of aging on the brain and hypophyseal corticosteroid receptors , a selective decline ( minus 50 75 % ) in mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) was observed in all measured brain regions ( dorsal and ventral hippocampus , septum , hypothalamus ) and anterior pituitary , whereas no change was found in brain glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) number . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , a reduction of mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) number in the hippocampus and of glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) number in the hypothalamus and the pituitary correspond to increased neuroendocrine responsiveness and negative feedback following stress . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have developed in situ hybridization histochemical techniques to allow specific and sensitive estimation of glucocorticoid ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) mRNA expression in rat hippocampus . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In rat hippocampus , the mineralocorticoid receptor and the glucocorticoid receptor bind corticosterone with high affinity . ^^^ This indicates that this binding was mediated by the mineralocorticoid receptor rather than the glucocorticoid receptor . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Tissue localization of 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and its relationship to the glucocorticoid receptor . 11 beta Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ( 11 beta HSD ) dictates specificity for the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) by converting the active steroid cortisol to cortisone in man ( corticosterone to 11 dehydrocorticosterone in rodents ) , leaving aldosterone to occupy the MR . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In aged rats many changes in the binding capacity of the mineralocorticoid receptor and glucocorticoid receptor and in the regulation of the HPA activity have been reported , but the findings often seem contradictory . ^^^ In old dogs the receptor changes were largely confined to mineralocorticoid receptor , there being a 60 % reduction in the binding capacity in the limbic system , but glucocorticoid receptor was unchanged in all brain regions . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The localization of glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) was determined in the rabbit kidney by immunohistochemistry with the use of a monoclonal , anti GR antibody and a monoclonal , anti idiotypic , anti MR antibody . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the brain , two types of high affinity receptors bind glucocorticoids , the type 1 , mineralocorticoid receptor and the type 2 , glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Finally , results from an ultra large scale purification of two new modulator isoforms , and the activities of these isoforms toward the glucocorticoid receptor , the mineralocorticoid receptor , and protein kinase C , are also summarized . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This uptake is maximum around 4 8 days of age and decreases towards adult values around postnatal day 16 . ( 2 ) High affinity uptake , at least in the brain , probably represents mostly binding to the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and not to the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , as it was not displaced by an excess dose of a GR antagonist , RU 38486 , and its location in the hippocampus resembled that of MRs in the adult animal . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this first study , we have focused on the binding characteristics of the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) in the brain and pituitary of the adrenalectomized dog . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effect of RU 28362 was completely prevented by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU 486 , whereas ZK 91587 , a specific mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist , did not block its effect . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Administrations of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist ( anti glucocorticoid , RU 38486 ) and the mineralocorticoid antagonist ( anti mineralocorticoid , RU 28318 ) followed by frequent , sequential blood sampling were employed to investigate the possible role the brain mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR , type 1 ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR , type 2 ) have in the regulation of basal and stress induced adrenocortical secretion in the rat . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The type 1 receptor binds corticosterone with high affinity and is structurally related to the kidney mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) , while the type 2 or classical glucocorticoid receptor binds corticosterone with lower affinity and displays an in vivo preference for dexamethasone . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In a third series of experiments it was shown that glucocorticoid receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor mRNAs are found in all three cell types in the PVH and that corticosterone tends to produce modest increases in mRNA levels for both receptors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The cellular localization of mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) gene expression in the rat hippocampus was studied by in situ hybridization using 35S labeled RNA probes , complementary to either 513 bases of the rat brain mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) mRNA or 500 bases of the rat liver glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) mRNA . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We report here on developmental changes in [ 3H ] RU 28362 ( glucocorticoid receptor ) and [ 3H ] aldosterone ( mineralocorticoid receptor ) binding capacity in soluble fractions prepared from hippocampal tissue . [ 3H ] RU 28362 binding was low on Day 3 of life ( less than 30 % of that observed in adults ) and increased towards adult values during the second and third weeks of life , a pattern virtually identical to that previously reported for dexamethasone binding . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The cloning of the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) cDNAs provides a basis for understanding the actions of glucocorticoids in the central nervous system . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Our results indicate that activation of the rat kidney mineralocorticoid receptor is analogous to activation of the glucocorticoid receptor and suggest that activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor involves dissociation of a multimeric receptor form . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cloning of human mineralocorticoid receptor complementary DNA : structural and functional kinship with the glucocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The inhibitor constant values for glucocorticoid receptor binding ( dissociation constant of 1 . 0 nmol / L ) in the liver cytosol were 3 . 0 nmol / L for paeoniflorin , 2 . 0 nmol / L for glycyrrhizin , and 1 . 7 nmol / L for glycyrrhetinic acid , and those for mineralocorticoid receptor binding ( dissociation constant = 1 . 1 nmol / L ) in the kidney cytosol were 3 . 5 nmol / L for paeoniflorin and glycyrrhetinic acid and 3 . 0 nmol / L for glycyrrhizin . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These findings suggest that the persistence of hypertension after GR discontinuation might be caused by a long standing effect of GR on renal mineralocorticoid receptor mechanisms . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| One of the ways to study Type 1 receptors isolated from Type 2 receptors is to block the latter with a steroid which shows high affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor and low affinity for the mineralocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These structures have similar concentrations of cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor , as measured by an in vitro exchange assay using a specific glucocorticoid ligand , [ 3H ] RU 26988 , but contain different amounts of mineralocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , the potentiating effect of DM was specifically suppressed by 100 nM of RU 38486 ( P < 0 . 01 ) , a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist , but not by an equivalent dose of RU 28318 , a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Studies have demonstrated that long term changes in 5 HT levels are associated with alterations in hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) number . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effect of DM was both time dependent and dose related , with an EC 50 of 0 . 1 nM ; it was blocked by 100 nM RU 38486 ( P < 0 . 05 ) , a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist , but not by 100 nM RU 28318 , a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The data indicate that cholinergic and serotonergic responses are small with predominant mineralocorticoid receptor activation , while additional glucocorticoid receptor activation results in large responses ; the reverse has been found for noradrenalin . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It has been proposed that as fish appear to use glucocorticoids for both metabolic and salt control , presumably through a single GR , GR would prove to be the evolutionary precursor to mammalian GR and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Acute injection of the selective mineralocorticoid receptor agonist , aldosterone , or the selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist , RU 28362 , also reduced the number of Fos positive neurons . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These increases were apparent 6 h after adrenalectomy , were maintained at two days , but 14 days after adrenalectomy hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor gene expression had returned to control levels . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the present study the affinity of gestodene to the progesterone receptor ( PR ) , the androgen receptor ( AR ) , the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and the estrogen receptor ( ER ) was re evaluated by steroid binding assays and compared to those obtained for 3 keto desogestrel and progesterone . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To investigate effects of chronic stress on the regulation of glucocorticoid receptivity , mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression was assessed in the hippocampus , frontoparietal cortex and PVN . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In aged Brown Norway rat brain GR IR but not mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) IR is reduced in the hippocampal nerve cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recent evidence described in this review suggests that the effects of this adrenal hormone are mediated through two steroid receptor subtypes , the type 1 mineralocorticoid receptor and the type 2 glucocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These findings are consistent with the results of receptor binding studies showing that handling increases hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor , but not mineralocorticoid receptor density . ^^^ Moreover , the handling effect is quite specific , altering glucocorticoid receptor , but not mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA expression . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The binding properties of the corticosteroid receptors were determined by Scatchard plot analyses of in vitro cytosolic binding of the tritiated mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) radioligand aldosterone and the tritiated glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) ligand RU 28362 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The hippocampus contains a high concentration of the two corticosterone ( CT ) receptor subtypes , i . e . the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two weeks following this dosage regimen , shown to markedly reduce 5 hydroxytryptamine terminals , both glucocorticoid receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor messenger RNA expression were significantly decreased ( 30 47 % fall ) in the granule cells of the dentate gyrus and pyramidal cells of CA 1 CA4 fields of Ammon ' s horn , but not in parietal cortex neurons . ^^^ It is suggested that 5 hydroxytryptamine1C receptors may be involved in mediating the effects of serotonin on hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor expression and perhaps mood . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the mammalian central nervous system , responsiveness to glucocorticoids is mediated by both the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticosteroid hormones can enter the brain and bind to two receptor subtypes : the high affinity mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) with approximately 10 fold lower affinity . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we demonstrate that EE induces GR , but not mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) gene expression in specific hippocampal subfields ( CA 1 and CA 2 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effects of glucocorticoids in the hippocampus are elicited through two receptors with high affinity for corticosterone , the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The data suggest an involvement of the mineralocorticoid receptor in the regulation of the 5 HT1A receptor mRNA and a possible synergistic effect of additional glucocorticoid receptor activation . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Tissue specific effects of thyroid hormone on 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene expression . 11 beta Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ( 11 beta HSD ) by converting active glucocorticoid to an inactive metabolite confers specificity upon the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and regulates ligand access to the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid hormones elicit distinct physiologic responses , yet the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) bind to and activate transcription similarly from a consensus simple hormone response element ( HRE ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the present study , a competitive polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) technique was used to quantitate the relative levels of mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) mRNA in microdissected nephron segments from the rat kidney and of MR mRNA from isolated principal and intercalated collecting duct cells from rabbit . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The expression and formation of the oligomeric steroid binding form of the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) were further examined in the baculovirus expression system . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the present study , we examined changes in hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) mRNA expression using in situ hybridization following unilateral entorhinal cortex lesioning ( ECL ) in the rat . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The results revealed high affinity ( Kd approximately 1 nM ) binding with a moderate capacity ( 42 . 9 + / 3 fmol / mg ) for 3H aldosterone ( with a 50 fold excess of cold RU 28362 ; mineralocorticoid receptor ) and high affinity ( Kd approximately 0 . 5 1 . 0 nM ) binding with higher capacity ( 183 . 2 + / 22 fmol / mg ) for 3H RU 28362 ( glucocorticoid receptor ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the present study , we investigated the ligand and HSP 90 binding characteristics of the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) , which shares to some degree the ligand binding specificity of the GR . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This inhibitory effect on PRL mRNA levels was blocked by a 10 fold excess of the GR antagonist RU 38486 , but not by a 10 fold excess of the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist RU 26752 , confirming that this potentiation of glucocorticoid hormone action was operating through the GR and not the mineralocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It might be expected that the amount of mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) binding , and the levels of their corresponding mRNAs in various tissues in LEW / N and F344 / N rats might reflect the overall integrated levels of corticosterone to which these receptors have been exposed . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effects of intracerebroventricular ( ICV ) administration of the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) antagonist , RU 28318 , and the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) antagonist , RU 38486 , were studied on behavior of rats exposed to a compartment previously associated with a stressor , and placed subsequently in an elevated plus maze test . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Moreover , we provide evidence that , in addition to a glucocorticoid receptor mediated effect , the mineralocorticoid receptor is involved in the inhibition of monocyte IL 1ra secretion by cortisol . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effects of both mild and severe hypoxic conditions on the expression of mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) in the primary human renal cortex epithelial cells ( RCEC ) were investigated . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The behavioral effects of intracerebroventricular ( i . c . v . ) administration of a specific mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) antagonist [ RU 28318 ( 10 50 ng / 2 microliters ) ] , a glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) antagonist [ RU 38486 ( 1 50 ng / 2 microliters ) ] , or both antagonists ( 50 ng / 2 microliters ) , were studied in two different animal models of fear and anxiety in rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recent studies have demonstrated that the interconversion of active and inactive glucocorticoids plays a key role in determining the specificity of the mineralocorticoid receptor and controlling local tissue glucocorticoid receptor activation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the brain , corticosteroids bind to two types of receptors , the classical glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In stressnaive rats under basal conditions ( morning ) there were no differences among strains in adrenal weight , serum adrenocorticotropin hormone ( ACTH ) and corticosterone ( B ) levels , cortictropin releasing factor ( CRF ) mRNA in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus ( PVN ) and hippocampal glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor ( GR and MR ) mRNA . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effects of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist , RU 38486 ( RU 486 ) , and the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) antagonist , RU 28318 , on energy balance were investigated in a 2 [ surgery : ovariectomy ( OVX ) and sham operation ] 10 3 ( corticosteroid antagonist : placebo , RU 28318 , RU 486 ) experimental design . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| High physiological levels of T increased glucocorticoid receptor binding in the medial preoptic area ( MPOA ) , with no effect on mineralocorticoid receptor binding or on glucocorticoid receptor binding in other regions . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The glucocorticoid effects on V1aR mRNA and binding , and the presence of putative active GREs in the promoter of the V1aR gene strongly implicate a role for adrenal steroids in the regulation of V1a receptor gene expression in glucocorticoid receptor and / or mineralocorticoid receptor expressing tissues . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using multiple polymerase chain reaction assay and cytosolic receptor binding assay we studied type 1 , mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) , and type 2 , glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , adrenocorticoid receptors expression in rat hippocampus and spinal cord , at various times after adrenalectomy : 12 hr , 24 hr , 3 days , and 1 week . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These results are consistent with both the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) regulating the CR 16 gene . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , glucocorticoids can sometimes activate the mineralocorticoid receptor , whereas mineralocorticoids can bind the glucocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| As expected , mutations in either the mineralocorticoid receptor or glucocorticoid receptor that destabilized the DBD dimer interface disrupted receptor binding and activity at a single HRE . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| As such , this enzyme has been shown to confer aldosterone selectivity on the mineralocorticoid receptor and to modulate cortisol / corticosterone access to the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have examined whether adrenalectomy ( ADX ) and hormone replacement by physiological doses of aldosterone or dexamethasone could modulate the expression of glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) or mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) at the mRNA level in the rat kidney , distal colon , and heart . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the current study , we have examined renal mRNA levels for mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) , glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , renin and Na+ , K ( + ) ATPase in response to treatment with mineralocorticoids . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Pre and postnatal stress programmes hypothalamic pituitary adrenal ( HPA ) axis responses throughout the lifespan , an effect thought to be mediated via permanent effects on glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and / or mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) gene expression in the hippocampus . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Serotonin and antidepressant drugs increase glucocorticoid receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor gene expression in hippocampal neurons over a few days . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the present study , we used combined nonisotopic and radioisotopic in situ hybridization to examine the overlapping expression and co localization of mRNA encoding the post synaptic alpha1D adrenergic receptor subtype , the major alpha 1 subtype expressed in hippocampus , with mRNA for the two corticosteroid receptor subtypes , type 1 ( mineralocorticoid receptor , MR ) and type 2 ( glucocorticoid receptor , GR ) in rat hippocampal neurons . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Brain corticosteroid receptors , the type 1 mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and the type 2 glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , are involved in the regulation of neuroendocrine and behavioral responses during ongoing and stressful conditions . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| GRIP 1 also enhanced the hormone dependent transactivation activity of intact glucocorticoid receptor , estrogen receptor , and mineralocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This prereceptor signalling mechanism is essential for maintaining the aldosterone selectivity of the intrinsically non specific mineralocorticoid receptor and for modulating glucocorticoid access to the glucocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Binding experiments with [ 3H ] corticosterone demonstrated the presence of not only GR but also mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) : the dissociation constants ( Kd ) and the number of binding sites ( Bmax ) were 0 . 8 nM and 15 fmol / mg protein for MR and 5 . 0 nM and 73 fmol / mg protein for GR , respectively . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Chronic food restriction also abolishes the normal diurnal variation in hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptor mRNAs and produces , unusually , both elevated corticosterone and increased GR . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The Na+ currents were studied in ( 1 ) neurons of adrenalectomized animals ( no steroid receptors occupied ) , ( 2 ) neurons from tissue of adrenalectomized rats treated in vitro with corticosterone and the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU 38486 ( selectively occupying the mineralocorticoid receptor ) , ( 3 ) corticosterone treated neurons of adrenalectomized animals ( occupying both the mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors ) and ( 4 ) neurons of sham operated animals . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| There were no differences between strains in glucocorticoid receptor mRNA in the hippocampus or the paraventricular nucleus or in mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA in the hippocampus . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The data indicates that no interaction between the two corticosteroid receptors is required for this effect of corticosterone , and that mineralocorticoid receptor mediated suppression of gene expression can take place in the complete absence of glucocorticoid receptor . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| As predicted from these results the mineralocorticoid receptor that contains a C terminal zinc finger identical to that of the GR was also able to repress RelA dependent transcription . ^^^ Furthermore , the results from the use of mineralocorticoid receptor and anti glucocorticoids suggest that the mechanisms for GR mediated repression of NF kappaB and AP 1 are different . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Several studies with adrenalectomized rats have shown that the suppressive effects of exogenous corticosteroids on 5 hydroxytryptamine ( 1A ) receptor function are mediated by the high affinity mineralocorticoid receptor , rather than the lower affinity glucocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RNA was extracted and reverse transcribed into cDNA , which was probed for the presence of seven genes : glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase ( GAPDH ) , neuron specific enolase ( NSE ) , tyrosine hydroxylase ( TH ) , phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase ( PNMT ) , glucocorticoid receptor ( GCR ) , mineralocorticoid receptor ( MCR ) and the adenosine 5 ' triphosphate ( ATP ) receptor subunit P2X2 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In two separate experiments the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) antagonist RU 38486 and the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) antagonist RU 28318 were tested . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The abundance of both mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) message can be reduced by estrogen . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Combined quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) and cytosolic binding assay techniques are used to measure mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) mRNA , Kd , and Bmax in various rat central nervous system ( CNS ) regions , namely amygdala , hypothalamus , hippocampus , cortex , pituitary , and cervical , thoracic , and lumbar spinal cord . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The PCR product of tilapia showed highest homology ( 74 % at the amino acid level ) to GR among human steroid hormone receptors , including mineralocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The human mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) is a member of the steroid thyroid hormone receptor superfamily , which includes receptors for retinoic acid , vitamin D , and other steroids , such as the glucocorticoids ( which bind the glucocorticoid receptor , GR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neither the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) agonists dexamethasone and RU 28362 nor the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) agonist aldosterone bound to these sites . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These effects are differentially mediated via two types of central corticosteroid receptor types , the high affinity mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) , and the lower affinity glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The results furthermore suggest that pretreatment with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist ORG 34116 also prevents the development of mineralocorticoid receptor mediated effects on Ca2+ currents . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Surprisingly , A 6 SCC is more responsive to glucocorticoids than to mineralocorticoids , suggesting the possibility that these cells do not contain transcriptionally active mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and that glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) mediates MR like responses in these collecting duct like cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The treatment groups used in this investigation were : adrenalectomy ( ADX ) , selective mineralocorticoid receptor activation with aldosterone ( ALD ) , mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor activation with high levels of corticosterone ( HCT ) , and SHAM . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It has also been proposed that placental 11beta HSD expression may influence local glucocorticoid actions by regulating access of corticosterone to the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) or mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) bind similar ligands and target genes in vitro yet have distinct roles in vivo . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Regulation of glucocorticoid receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor messenger ribonucleic acids by selective agonists in the rat hippocampus . ^^^ In the rat hippocampus , the actions of adrenal steroids are mediated by two receptor types , the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NeoGDX had lower levels of glucocorticoid receptor , and higher levels of mineralocorticoid receptor binding in the pituitary . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cloning of glucocorticoid receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor cDNA and gene expression in the central nervous system of the tree shrew ( Tupaia belangeri ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Inhibition of lymphocyte function and loss of lymphocytes in the thymus and spleen are reversible by in vitro or in vivo treatment with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist , RU 486 , whereas the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist , RU 26752 , is poorly effective . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Evidence for mineralocorticoid receptor facilitation of glucocorticoid receptor dependent regulation of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis activity . ^^^ We conclude that mineralocorticoid receptor activation is necessary and sufficient to maintain low basal corticosterone levels during the circadian trough , whereas glucocorticoid receptor activation is necessary to constrain corticosterone secretion during the circadian peak or during acute stress . ^^^ However , even during the circadian peak or acute stress , mineralocorticoid receptor activation plays an important role in facilitating the glucocorticoid receptor dependent regulation of HPA axis activity by corticosterone . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In all cases , the additional Isc was inhibited by the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) antagonist , RU 28318 , whereas the original Isc elicited by corticosterone alone was inhibited by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist , RU 38486 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , repeated subcutaneous administration of the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist RU 28318 ( 1 . 0 mg / 100 g body weight ) , the glucocorticoid receptor blocker RU 38486 ( 2 . 5 mg / 100 g body weight ) , or a combination of both antagonists were investigated for their effects on working and reference memory in morning and afternoon trials during 8 subsequent days in food rewarded spatial learning in a hole board task . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study we examined the possible role in these effects of the two central corticosteroid receptor types : mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) , and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Adrenal steroids act through two receptor subtypes , the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and the mineralocorticoid receptor , and activation of each receptor subtype has distinct biochemical and physiological consequences . ^^^ We have examined adrenal steroid regulation of the neurotrophins brain derived neurotrophic factor , neurotrophin 3 , and basic fibroblast growth factor , as well as the growth associated protein GAP 43 , through activation of GR or mineralocorticoid receptor with selective agonists . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recently , we identified a novel putative nuclear receptor in colonic crypt cells distinct from both mineralocorticoid receptor and glucocorticoid receptor , with high affinity for 11 dehydrocorticosterone ( 11 DHB ) ( 33 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The glucocorticoid receptor antagonist ( RU 38486 ) and the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists ( ZK 91587 ) inhibited both CS and DHCS mediated alpha 1 and beta 1 mRNA induction . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Besides , hippocampal mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and GR binding capacities were not different between handled and non handled Lewis rats , an observation which could be extended to our adult Long Evans rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The results suggest that hippocampal 5 HT1A receptor mediated responses in vivo are attenuated during predominant activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor and increased after additional transient activation of the glucocorticoid receptor . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effects of RU 28318 , a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist ( A MR ) , and RU 38486 , a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist ( A GR ) on behavior in three animal models of anxiety were assessed after microinjection into the dorsal hippocampus . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Reconstitution of the N terminal transcription activation function of human mineralocorticoid receptor in a defective human glucocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Administration of the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) antagonist spironolactone increased both GR mRNA and protein in CA 1 and DG , consistent with MR mediated inhibition of GR transcription . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Because previous studies showed that long term memory for the passive avoidance task is dependent upon a brain corticosteroid action , and because the efficacy of piracetam like compounds is also modulated by corticosteroids , we tested whether the facilitating effect of piracetam was dependent upon a corticosteroid action through specific brain receptors ( mineralocorticoid receptor and glucocorticoid receptor ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In contrast , early postnatal 11 beta HSD 2 coincides with glucocorticoid receptor rather than mineralocorticoid receptor expression , and areas of expression are among the regions where glucocorticoids have been demonstrated to have profound effects upon neuronal division , growth and maturation . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Chronic amitriptyline treatment induces hippocampal NGFI A , glucocorticoid receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA expression in rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The deprived pups also showed in the paraventricular nucleus ( PVN ) a marked increase of stress induced c fos mRNA and a reduction of corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) mRNA ; in hippocampal CA 1 , a reduction of the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and GR was observed . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have studied the immediate and long term effects of high doses of corticosterone ( CORT ) on mRNA expression and binding properties of mineralocorticoid receptor and glucocorticoid receptor in the hippocampus and spinal cord of rats . ^^^ By contrast , in the spinal cord , mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA expression is irreversibly increased after treatment , but the glucocorticoid receptor mRNA level remains unaffected during and after treatment . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor mixed bases and glucocorticoid receptor mixed bases oligodeoxynucleotide infusion ( 1 microg / 0 . 5 microl / h ) over a time period of seven days did not alter hippocampal mineralocorticoid receptor and glucocorticoid receptor binding when compared to vehicle treatment . ^^^ In contrast , i . c . v . administration of mineralocorticoid receptor , as well as glucocorticoid receptor antisense over the same time period resulted in a significantly reduced binding of mineralocorticoid receptor and glucocorticoid receptor in the hippocampus [ mineralocorticoid receptor antisense group approx . 72 % of mineralocorticoid receptor mixed bases and vehicle groups ( 100 % ) ; glucocorticoid receptor antisense group approx . 77 % of glucocorticoid receptor mixed bases and vehicle ] . ^^^ The specificity of these antisense effects is indicated by the finding that rats treated with mineralocorticoid receptor antisense did not show any changes in glucocorticoid receptor and vice versa . ^^^ These data indicate that a reduction of hippocampal mineralocorticoid receptor or glucocorticoid receptor binding capacity by 20 30 % does not interfere with spatial navigation . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the deprived animal these changes are accompanied by decreases in mineralocorticoid receptor gene expression in the hippocampus , suggesting that changes in mineralocorticoid to glucocorticoid receptor ratios may be important in this phenomena . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Evaluation of RU 28318 and RU 40555 as selective mineralocorticoid receptor and glucocorticoid receptor antagonists , respectively : receptor measures and functional studies . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase , glucocorticoid receptor , and mineralocorticoid receptor genes in rat ovary . ^^^ In this study , we quantified the pattern of expression and investigated the cellular location of 11betaHSD type 1 ( 11betaHSD1 ) , 11betaHSD type 2 ( 11betaHSD2 ) , glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) mRNAs during follicular maturation in rat ovary . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Glucocorticoid receptor specific amounts of RU 28362 in combination with mineralocorticoid receptor specific amounts of aldosterone or of the mineralocorticoid antagonist spironolactone showed cooperative action , suggesting a heterodimeric activation of JNa by the glucocorticoid receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Because corticosteroid receptors , plasma transcortin and corticosterone secretion are mutually regulated , we examined brain and pituitary mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) expression and some of the parameters modulated by these receptors ( i . e . body and thymus weight , fluid intake , plasma transcortin ) in BN and F 344 rat strains , by comparing the effects of either hormone deprivation by long term ( 21 days ) adrenalectomy ( ADX ) , or chronic elevation of corticosterone given in drinking fluid to ADX rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These divergent responses between LDC lines were partially explained by the absence of the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and heat shock protein 90 mRNA in 10 of 12 LDC lines , but the presence of the mineralocorticoid receptor and 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 . ^^^ Considering the absence of the GR in most lines , the effects of HC may be elicited through the mineralocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) belong to the steroid / thyroid hormone superfamily of ligand induced transcription factors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| All four cell lines expressed mRNA for the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptor , but specific binding was only detectable with radiolabelled dexamethasone ( Kd=10 nM ) and not aldosterone . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Aldosterone metabolism was totally inhibited by a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist canrenoat ( Soldactone ) ( at 10 ( 5 ) to 10 ( 3 ) M ) , while the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU 38486 ( Roussel UCLAF ) ( at 10 ( 5 ) to 10 ( 4 ) M ) had no effect . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) interacts specifically with glucocorticoids , whereas its closest relative , the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) , interacts with both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids , such as aldosterone . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In contrast with the low affinity for the mineralocorticoid receptor . 11beta hydroxyprogesterone binds well to both the glucocorticoid receptor and the carrier protein transcortin . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Brains of adult Sprague Dawley rats from prenatal ethanol ( E ) , pair fed ( PF ) and ad libitum fed control ( C ) treatment groups were examined for both mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ; Type 1 ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ; Type 2 ) densities using a cytosolic binding assay . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The levels of Alzheimer ' s disease ( AD ) related genes , including beta amyloid precursor protein ( APP ) , presenilin 1 ( PS 1 ) , PS 2 , apoE , tau , c fos , neural cell adhesion molecular 180 ( NCAM 180 ) , TGF beta 1 , IL 1 alpha / beta , IL 6 , TNF alpha / beta , alpha 2 Macroglobulin ( alpha 2M ) , class 2 major histocompatibility antigen la ( MHCII la ) , bcl 2 alpha , glucocorticoid receptor alpha ( GR alpha ) and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) mRNAs were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of senescence accelerated mouse ( SAM ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We find that glucocorticoid receptor , mineralocorticoid receptor and progesterone receptor synergize with Stat 5 in the induction of the transcription from the beta casein gene promoter . ^^^ Conversely , Stat 5 negatively interferes with glucocorticoid receptor , mineralocorticoid receptor and progesterone receptor induced transcription from the MMTV LTR and the estrogen receptor induced transcription from an ERE containing promoter . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This study was designed to determine the effects of pregnancy on the availability , immunoreactivity , and affinity of both corticosteroid receptors : the high affinity mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and the lower affinity glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The possible role of changes in glucocorticoid ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) binding in the altered regulation of HPA activity following defeat were studied in brain and pituitary of male Wistar rats 1 and 3 weeks after defeat . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neuronal mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) proteins are glucocorticoid activated transcription factors that bind identical DNA response elements yet transduce distinct physiological / transcriptional actions . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Thus GR , PR , and AR efficiently promoted the recruitment of Oct 2 to adjacent octamer motifs in the cell , whereas mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) , estrogen receptor alpha , and retinoid 10 receptor failed to facilitate octamer factor DNA binding . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To evaluate the potential roles that both receptors and enzymes play in corticosteroid regulation of intestinal function , we have determined glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) , and 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ( 11beta HSD ) expression in intestinal epithelial cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In contrast , embryos injected with mRNA encoding a GR peptide with a point mutation that disrupted homeodomain binding or with mRNA encoding the DBD of the closely related mineralocorticoid receptor , which does not bind octamer factors , developed normally . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The antagonists of the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) ( spironolactone ) and of the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) ( RU 38486 ) caused no effect on the short term ALDO effect , but inhibited the long term ALDO effect . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Since the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and / or mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) in the hippocampus have been implicated in cortisol feedback of the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal ( HPA ) axis , abnormalities in those receptors might underlie the hyperactivity of the HPA axis described in patients with major depression . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| There is extensive development of the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) systems at the time of rapid brain growth in guinea pigs . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| IS exposure had very little effect on corticosteroid receptor protein expression as determined by mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) binding levels in ADX rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) have been shown to bind the glucocorticoid response element ( GRE ) ; however , a specific element responsible for the activation of the MR is not known . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Some bulbospinal RVL neurons , including those that were TH or PNMT positive , were also found to express mRNA for the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) , the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , noradrenaline transporter ( NET ) , and neuronal glutamate transporter ( EAAC 1 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The ligand binding domains of the human mineralocorticoid receptor ( hMR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( hGR ) display a high sequence homology . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Remarkably , we observed that only the glucocorticoid receptor and not the mineralocorticoid receptor was able to mediate this repressive effect of corticosteroids . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticosteroid receptor occupancy estimates found that the 50 micrograms / kg s . c . dose of dexamethasone had no significant effect on available glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) or mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) binding in brain regions ( hypothalamus , hippocampus and cortex ) ; on the other hand dexamethasone produced a selective and significant decrease in available GR in peripheral tissues ( pituitary and spleen ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) are members of the steroid / thyroid hormone receptor superfamily of ligand inducible transcription factors and have been shown to bind the glucocorticoid response element ( GRE ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) share considerable structural and functional homology . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) , a structural and functional homologue of the GR , is unable to translocate BAG 1M into the nucleus , and its transactivation function is also not affected by this protein . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Treatment of rats in the amygdala with ASDN against the mineralocorticoid receptor inhibited DOCA induced sodium intake , whereas ASDN against the glucocorticoid receptor or sense / scrambled sequences had no effect . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Adult offspring of CBX treated dams had persistently reduced body weight , increased basal corticosterone ( CORT ) levels , increased corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) and reduced glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) mRNA in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus , though hippocampal GR and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) mRNA expression were unaltered . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Relative to the low level of GR , mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) mRNA and protein expression were abundant within the DG and CA of the rhesus monkey hippocampal formation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In a previous study using corticosterone treatment of adrenalectomized rats , we hypothesized that mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) related mechanisms are constitutively active and that glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) mediated mechanisms are more efficient in Brown Norway rats compared to Fischer 344 ( F 344 ) rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The cytosolic GC receptor ( GR ) antagonist ( RU 38486 ) inhibited both the short and long term effects of CORTI on NHE activity , but the cytosolic mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist ( spironolactone ) did not influence either the short or long term CORTI effects . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : Horizontal sections of normal adult human and rat eyes were cut and hybridized with 35S labeled cRNA probes specific for the glucocorticoid receptor , mineralocorticoid receptor , and 11beta HSD types 1 and 2 using in situ hybridization . ^^^ RESULTS : In the rat ocular tissues mRNAs encoding glucocorticoid receptor , mineralocorticoid receptor , and 11beta HSD types 1 and 2 were detected in nonpigmented ciliary epithelium , trabecular meshwork , corneal epithelium and endothelium , and anterior lens epithelium . ^^^ In both human and rat eyes , expression of mRNAs encoding glucocorticoid receptor and 11beta HSD type 1 was high in the trabecular meshwork and lens epithelium , whereas expression of mRNAs encoding the mineralocorticoid receptor and 11beta HSD type 2 was high in nonpigmented ciliary epithelium and corneal epithelium and endothelium . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , the inhibition is blocked by 100 nM of RU 38486 ( P < 0 . 01 ) , a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist , but not by an equivalent dose of RU 28318 , a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Depression has been associated with impaired mineralocorticoid receptor function , restrained glucocorticoid receptor feedback at the level of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal ( HPA ) axis , raised cortisol level and increased corticotropin releasing factor activity , which may act in concert to induce the signs and symptoms of the disorder . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| An increase in glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression in the dentate gyrus ( mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA expression was unaltered ) and increased 11beta HSD 1 activity in the paraventricular nucleus and anterior pituitary suggest an increase in slow negative feedback mechanisms in pregnancy , but glycyrrhetinic acid did not modify the stress response . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The genomic effects of corticosteroids in the brain are mediated through two receptors with a high affinity for cortisol : the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor ( GR / MR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To examine the distribution of mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and the interactions with glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) in the brain , we raised a polyclonal antibody against the transcriptional modulation domain of rat MR using the GST fusion system . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| When small intestinal epithelial cells are incubated with [ ( 3 ) H ] corticosterone , nuclear binding is displaced neither by aldosterone nor RU 28362 , suggesting that [ ( 3 ) H ] corticosterone is binding to a site distinct from mineralocorticoid receptor and glucocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In order to understand the interactions between glucocorticoids and functions of GH in HIP during acute stress , the mRNA levels for GH receptor ( GHR ) , glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) were investigated in DG in rats exposed to restraint stress in the water ( RSW ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We then investigated the physiological basis of these individual differences , focusing on stress related molecules , including the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) , corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) and pro opiomelanocortin ( POMC ) in the context of the limbic hypothalamo pituitary adrenal axis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Sequence analysis revealed a strong homology between the ligand binding domain ( LBD ) of the human mineralocorticoid receptor ( hMR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( hGR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , glucocorticoid ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) binding capacities were assessed in the pituitaries of adult rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU 486 , the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone , and the beta adrenergic receptor antagonist nadolol , the roles of corticosterone and norepinephrine in sympathectomy mediated modulation of both the primary and memory cellular immune responses to herpes simplex virus type 1 ( HSV 1 ) infection was investigated . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Glucocorticoids exert their regulatory effects on the hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical axis via two types of corticosteroid receptors : the glucocorticoid receptor and the mineralocorticoid receptor . ^^^ Whereas the glucocorticoid receptor has a broad distribution in the brain , highest levels of mineralocorticoid receptor are found in the hippocampus . ^^^ Furthermore , an in vivo microdialysis method is presented which allows the assessment of free corticosterone levels in the brain , which is critical for the study of the pharmacological basis of mineralocorticoid receptor ( and glucocorticoid receptor ) function . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neuronal glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) proteins mediate the transcriptional effects of circulating glucocorticoids . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Chronic lithium chloride injection increases glucocorticoid receptor but not mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA expression in rat brain . ^^^ Twenty four hours after the last injection , the expressions of mRNA for glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) in the brain were determined by non radioactive in situ hybridization . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effects of corticosteroids in the brain are mediated through the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) . ^^^ GR and MR mRNAs were expressed at approximately the same levels in the temporal lobe , frontal lobe , and hippocampus as compared to tissues with high glucocorticoid / mineralocorticoid receptor expression ( liver / kidney ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticosterone exerts its biological effects via intracellular receptors , termed type 1 ( mineralocorticoid receptor : MR ) and type 2 ( glucocorticoid receptor : GR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , expression of the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) was demonstrated in the endothelial cells of the BBB , while no expression of the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) was found . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Glucocorticoid receptor homodimers and glucocorticoid mineralocorticoid receptor heterodimers form in the cytoplasm through alternative dimerization interfaces . ^^^ Strikingly , we also demonstrate an interaction between GR and the mineralocorticoid receptor in solution in vivo that is dependent on the ligand binding domain of GR alone and is separable from homodimerization of the glucocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These glucocorticoid hormone binding receptors are the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) were surveyed in this study of squirrel monkey brain using in situ hybridization histochemistry . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The data suggest that with moderate amounts of 5 HT , corticosteroids affect the information flow through the dentate gyrus such that excitatory transmission is promoted with predominant mineralocorticoid receptor activation and attenuated with additional glucocorticoid receptor occupation . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid hormones activate the expression of the Na / K ATPase beta 1 through direct binding of the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) to a mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid responsive element in the beta 1 promoter region , but activation of the beta 1 promoter is inhibited by coexpression of both receptors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Renal 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases ( 11beta HSDs ) are subject to modulation by various endogenous factors . 11beta HSDs convert glucocorticoids into inactive 11 ketones and thereby determine tissue levels of active glucocorticoids and thus the extent of glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) activation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Therefore , in this study , we examined the immunohistochemical localization of 11beta HSD type 1 ( 11beta HSD 1 ) , 11beta HSD type 2 ( 11beta HSD 2 ) , mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) in human ocular tissues from patients ( 6 months to 78 years of age ; n = 10 ) retrieved from surgical pathology files . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The experiments explored the nature and time course of changes in glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) binding in homogenates of various brain regions and pituitary of male Wistar rats following social defeat stress . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Glucocorticoids and serotonin alter glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) but not mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) mRNA levels in fetal mouse hippocampal neurons , in vitro . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Adult DEX 3 offspring also showed increased corticotrophin releasing hormone mRNA with unaltered glucocorticoid receptor mRNA in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and reduced hippocampal glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA expression , suggesting reduced hippocampal sensitivity to glucocorticoid suppression of the stress axis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) are glucocorticoid activated transcription factors essential for maintenance of cellular homeostasis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present review shows that different aspects of fear and anxiety are affected differentially by the occupation of the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) or glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) at different phases of the stress response . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These effects are regulated via two receptor systems , the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ; type 1 corticosteroid receptor ) and the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ; type 2 corticosteroid receptor ) , both of which are ligand dependent transcription factors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we hypothesized that such treatment modifies corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) , glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) systems in the developing limbic system and hypothalamus . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We examined the effects of short term ( 9 days ) treatment with fluoxetine ( 10 mg / kg ) and venlafaxine ( 10 mg / kg ) on hippocampal mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) mRNA expression and spatial memory in adult rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To determine the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of alterations in glucocorticoid hormone action in the prenatal programming of hypertension in MLP offspring , tissues were analyzed for expression of the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) , 11betaHSD1 , 11betaHSD2 , and corticosteroid responsive Na / K adenosine triphosphatase alpha 1 and beta 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We explored the impact of starvation on the HPA axis , GR and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) mRNAs in the hippocampus , the PVN , and the anterior pituitary ( AP ) of rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RT PCR revealed mRNA for only the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) in the TM specimens , whereas GR , mineralocorticoid receptor and 11 beta HSD 1 mRNAs were all present in the NPE cell line . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We examined the effects of stress on hippocampal 5 HT 7 receptor and corticosteroid receptor ( mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) ) mRNA expression measured by in situ hybridisation histochemistry . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The physiological effects of this class of lipophilic steroids are mediated by ligand inducible nuclear transcription factor , the glucocorticoid receptor / mineralocorticoid receptor , a member of the steroid / nuclear receptor superfamily . ^^^ The glucocorticoid receptor interacts specifically with glucocorticoids , whereas the mineralocorticoid receptor interacts with both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Freely moving rats equipped with a telemetric transmitter to directly measure heart rate and blood pressure were injected i . c . v . with either the glucocorticoid receptor or the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist and were either left undisturbed for 24 h , or were subjected to the tail cuff procedure at 1 . 5 , 6 . 5 and 23 . 5 h after injection . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this report , we showed that a pyrazolosteroid cortivazol ( CVZ ) does not induce either nuclear translocation or transactivation function of the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) but does both for the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present study addresses mineralocorticoid receptor and glucocorticoid receptor effects on hippocampal neuron viability after experimental traumatic brain injury . ^^^ Rats were pretreated for 48 h with vehicle , the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone , or the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone ( RU 486 ) and subsequently subjected to sham operation or unilateral controlled cortical impact injury . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here , we discuss the role of the two known corticosteroid receptors glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) in the brain by summarizing the results obtained with various genetically modified mouse lines . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using ribonuclease protection assays and in situ hybridization , we evaluated mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) mRNA abundance in young and aged rats characterized on the spatial task . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| At 130 d , fetuses from the D treatment were growth retarded ( S , 3 . 2 + / 0 . 1 kg ; D , 2 . 5 + / 0 . 1 g ) , but the adrenals were appropriate for the body weight . mRNA levels of angiotensinogen , the AT ( 1 ) receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and GR were similar in kidney and brain ( hypothalamus , hippocampus , medulla oblongata ) except for hippocampal expression of MR and GR , which was significantly decreased by D treatment . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To further investigate the stressor specificity in the same context , we have determined glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) mRNAs following exposure to swimming stress paradigms applied alone , or in combination with restraint stress . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The time dependent action of aldosterone was analyzed on the regulation of mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) mRNAs in the brain . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Effects of adrenalectomy and of mineralocorticoid receptor / glucocorticoid receptor ligands in female Brown Norway and Fischer 344 rats and f 1 hybrids . ^^^ Our previous studies suggested that the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) of Brown Norway ( BN ) male rats is active independently of the presence of its ligands ( i . e . constitutively active ) , and that glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) mediated mechanisms are more efficient in BN than in Fischer 344 ( F 344 ) male rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Central in the regulation of the HPA axis is a two tied corticosteroid receptor system , comprised of high and low affinity receptors , the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , respectively . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Homology modelling of the ligand binding domain of mineralocorticoid receptor : close structural kinship with glucocorticoid receptor ligand binding domain and their similar binding mode with DOC ( de oxy corticosterone ) . ^^^ The physiological effects of this class of corticosteroids are mediated by ligand induced nuclear transcription factor , the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) / glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , a member of the steroid / nuclear receptor superfamily . ^^^ The three dimensional structure of progesterone complexed to its receptor revealed in 10 ray diffraction method is utilised to develop a homology model of human mineralocorticoid receptor ligand binding domain ( hMR LBD ) in a similar fashion as mouse GR LBD was developed previously . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Glucocorticoid activation of two types of adrenocorticosteroid receptors ( ACRs ) , the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , influences the vulnerability of hippocampal neurons to insult . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mineralocorticoid receptor may compensate for the loss of the glucocorticoid receptor at specific stages of mammary gland development . ^^^ That mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) might compensate for the loss of GR was suggested by the detection of MR in the mammary gland at d 1 of lactation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Glucocorticoid hormones , in turn , feed back to this system by central activation of two types of corticosteroid receptors : the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) which markedly differ in their neuroanatomical distribution and ligand affinity . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| As such they provide an important comparative model for the study of HPA regulation including the central feedback regulation by the glucocorticoid transcription factors , the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and the glucocortiocoid receptor ( GR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| At a molecular level , the actions of glucocorticoids are mediated by two different cytoplasmic receptors , the mineralocorticoid receptor and the glucocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) seems to be the ' turn on switch ' and the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) the ' turn off switch ' in mediating the rewarding properties of dopamine in drug self administration . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| As evaluated by in situ hybridization , hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) mRNA , but not mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) mRNA , was significantly decreased in lesioned rats compared to controls . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Under basal conditions , rats exposed to perinatal malnutrition showed reduced body weight , enhanced mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) mRNA levels in CA 2 and CA 3 hippocampal areas , but decreased glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) mRNA levels in CA 1 , CA 3 and dentate gyrus ( DG ) areas . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Analysis of both mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression revealed a significant decrease in glucocorticoid receptor mRNA in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex , with spared expression at subcortical sites and no detectable change in mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA in any of the examined regions . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Our studies showed that the expressions of the genes including glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) , bcl 2 , c fos , neural cell adhesion molecule ( NCAM ) , presenilin 2 ( PS 2 ) and apoE in the hippocampus were closely related to the central learning and memory function in senescence accelerated mice ( SAM ) , hydrocortisone ( HC ) treated mice and normal mice . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The sensory contact stressor induced in LAL mice chronic body weight loss and increased plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone levels compared to SAL mice and increased corticosterone levels , thymus involution and lower hippocampal mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) : glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) ratio compared to LAL controls . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Under basal conditions , glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) mRNA in the hippocampus and corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus were not different between the two lines . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Northern blot analyses were conducted on ODM 2 cells incubated with dexamethasone ( DEX ) or aldosterone ( ALDO ) and RU 38486 ( a glucocorticoid receptor [ GR ] antagonist ) or RU 26752 ( a mineralocorticoid receptor [ MR ] antagonist ) or both inhibitors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Stimulation of NKCC 1 was blocked by spironolactone , a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist , but not by RU 38486 , a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ORG 34517 was most potent to occupy GR in the anterior pituitary and distinct brain areas , whereas all compounds were unable to occupy mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We measured ACTH and corticosterone in blood and CRH , urocortin 3 ( UCN 3 ) , mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) transcripts in the brain at postnatal days 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 14 and 16 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| LeTx nuclear receptor repression is selective , repressing GR , progesterone receptor B ( PR B ) , and estrogen receptor alpha ( ERalpha ) , but not the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) or ERbeta . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We examined whether serotonin ( 5HT ) and noradrenaline ( NA ) have direct effects on glucocorticoid receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor expression in primary hippocampal neurones , and whether antidepressants also exert direct effects on target neurones . ^^^ Treatment with NA for 4 days also increased glucocorticoid receptor expression but had no effect on mineralocorticoid receptor expression . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , as glucocorticoids have been implicated in the deleterious effects induced by chronic stress , we also evaluated plasma corticosterone levels and the hippocampal expression of the corticosteroid mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The animals were sacrificed 1 day after treatment and expression of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor ( GR and MR ) mRNA in the dorsal hippocampus was measured with in situ hybridization . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Twenty four hours of deprivation results in an activation of basal and stress induced corticosterone and a down regulation of corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) , mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) expression in the brain . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Glucocorticoid hormones bind both glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) exerting a broad spectrum of actions in various tissues . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These hormones activate two related transcription factors , the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and the mineralocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Glucocorticoid receptor levels were unchanged , whereas mineralocorticoid receptor levels were decreased , in hippocampus of exercising animals . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The transcription of neurotrophic factors , i . e . , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) and brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) is regulated by glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) activation despite the lack of a classical glucocorticoid response element in their promoter region . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A small but significant increase in mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA expression was observed after stress in the dentate gyrus , while glucocorticoid receptor expression was unchanged . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Liganded androgen receptor repressed TGF beta transactivation , whereas mineralocorticoid receptor did not , and studies with rat GR mineralocorticoid receptor chimeras confirmed that the GR C terminal domains were required for repression . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Within the hippocampus , a structure long known to be involved in spatial learning , two corticosterone binding receptors are identified : the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mineralocorticoid receptor inhibitor spironolactone decreased the mRNA levels of sgk , p21 / waf1 , and gadd 45 , whereas the glucocorticoid receptor inhibitor RU 486 reduced the mRNA level of sgk and p21 / waf1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Gluco and mineralocorticoid receptor ( GR and MR ) mRNAs were expressed stably in kidney before , during , and after COX 2 induction . 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 was induced shortly after birth and was widely distributed in the whole collecting duct system in the suckling period and then returned to an adult pattern . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These hormones act through two classes of corticosteroid receptors ( CR ) that are ligand dependent transcription factors : type 1 or mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and type 2 or glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two isoforms of 11beta HSD have been cloned and characterized so far . 11beta HSD type 1 is found in a wide range of tissues , acts predominantly as a reductase in intact cells and tissues by regenerating active cortisol from cortisone , and has been described to regulate GC access to the GR . 11beta HSD type 2 is found mainly in mineralocorticoid target tissues such as kidney and colon , acts only as a dehydrogenase by producing inactive cortisone , and has been found to protect the mineralocorticoid receptor from high levels of receptor active cortisol . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This enzyme is also expressed in high abundance in fetal tissues , particularly in placental trophoblast , where a role has been proposed in regulating fetal growth and development by protecting the fetus from maternal hypercortisolaemia and modulating local glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , rather than mineralocorticoid receptor mediated responses . ^^^ Dexamethasone , but not aldosterone stimulated SGK induction was inhibited by GR antagonist ( RU 38486 ) , confirming the presence of a functional mineralocorticoid receptor and suggesting that placental trophoblast expresses a functional mineralocorticoid receptor , which is in part responsible for the corticosteroid regulation of SGK expression . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effect was abolished by the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone ( 10 ( 7 ) mol / L ) but not by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone ( 10 ( 6 ) mol / L ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Progesterone receptor ( PR ) , glucocorticoid receptor , and mineralocorticoid receptor belong to a subfamily of nuclear receptor superfamily with similar sequence and structural characteristics . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It is concluded that stimulation of the mineralocorticoid receptor is sufficient to mediate the effects of corticosterone on neurogenesis and to protect mature cells from cell death whereas stimulation of the glucocorticoid receptor is necessary to modulate PSA NCAM expression . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) are two nuclear hormone receptors of primary importance in the control of stress related and circadian HPA activity . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Studies in depressed patients , animals and cellular models have demonstrated that antidepressants increase glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) expression and function ; this , in turn , is associated with enhanced negative feedback by endogenous glucocorticoids , and thus with reduced resting and stimulated hypothalamic pituitary adrenal ( HPA ) axis activity . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Long term adaptations in glucocorticoid receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA and negative feedback on the hypothalamo pituitary adrenal axis following neonatal maternal separation . ^^^ We also examined regional mineralocorticoid receptor and glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA density in these two groups . ^^^ In situ hybridization analysis revealed increased hippocampal mineralocorticoid receptor messenger RNA density ( p < . 05 ) with decreased cortical ( p < . 05 ) and hippocampal ( p < . 05 ) glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA density in HMS 180 versus HMS 15 animals . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In a preliminary experiment GnRH and LH pulses were monitored in ovariectomized ewes treated with cortisol plus spironolactone , which antagonizes the type 1 mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) , or with cortisol plus RU 486 , which antagonizes both the type 2 glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and the progesterone receptor ( PR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We demonstrate that this powerful approach can be utilized for developing cell based assays for the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) in HEK 293 somatic cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This effect in the CA 1 region was prevented by co administration of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU 486 ( > or=1 microM ) , but not spironolactone ( 1 10 microM ) , a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and its close cousin , the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , share considerable structural and functional similarity , including indistinguishable DNA binding properties , yet they mediate distinct physiological responses in some tissues . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| One explanation for these discrepant effects arises from the differential activation of the two types of corticosteroid receptor the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MRs ) and the glucocorticoid receptor ( GRs ) , and the function each subserves during memory formation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| As previously described in 4 month old rats under basal conditions , 8 month old FR 50 rats showed reduced body weight and an enhanced ratio between mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) mRNA levels in the hippocampus , as well as increased pro opiomelanocortin ( POMC ) mRNA levels in the adenohypophysis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Whole blood was sampled from 15 healthy humans in the morning after regular sleep and was activated in vitro with ionomycin and two concentrations of phorbol myrestate acetate ( PMA , 8 and 25 ng / ml ) in the absence or presence of prolactin , prolactin antibody , GH , glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) antagonist RU 486 , or mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) antagonist spironolactone . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Visualization of glucocorticoid receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor interactions in living cells with GFP based fluorescence resonance energy transfer . ^^^ Adrenal corticosteroids readily enter the brain and exert markedly diverse effects , including stress responses in the target neural cells via two receptor systems , the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticosteroid actions in the brain are exerted via the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , mRNA expression and protein levels of glucocorticoid receptor , mineralocorticoid receptor , CRF receptor type 1 , and CRF were estimated in brain areas thought to mediate central effects of corticosteroids on the HPA axis and on central neuroendocrine regulation of MSAP . ^^^ Mineralocorticoid receptor and glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression was reduced in the hippocampus , the CRF level was increased in the hypothalamus , and CRF receptor type 1 mRNA expression was increased in the pituitary . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Toadfish were fitted with indwelling arterial catheters and were infused with isosmotic NaCl for 48 h after which fish were treated with cortisol alone , cortisol + peanut oil , cortisol + RU 486 ( a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist ) or cortisol + spironolactone ( a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Hippocampal mineralocorticoid receptor and glucocorticoid receptor mRNAs differed modestly between groups , but steroid receptor coactivator and heat shock protein 90 mRNAs were not different . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Studies are testing a hypothesis that hippocampal transcriptional mechanisms and gene expression profiles linked to activator protein 1 ( AP 1 ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) or cyclic AMP response element binding protein ( CREB ) families of transcription factors distinguish successful or unsuccessful aging and cognition . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Pre treatment with the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) antagonist , spironolactone ( RU 28318 ; 50 mg / kg , s . c . ) , and / or the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) antagonist , mifepristone ( RU 38486 ; 50 mg / kg , s . c . ) 1 h before inescapable stress ( 40 , 2 . 0 mA tail shocks delivered over a 1 h period ) had no effect on the acute plasma corticosterone response to inescapable stress . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Dysfunction of this axis at any level ( CRH receptor , glucocorticoid receptor , or mineralocorticoid receptor ) can disrupt sleep . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Colocalization of mineralocorticoid receptor and glucocorticoid receptor in the hippocampus and hypothalamus . ^^^ We investigated the distribution and colocalization pattern of the two corticosteroid receptors , mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , in the hippocampus and hypothalamus , the main target regions of corticosterone in the rat brain , using double immunofluorescence histochemistry in conjunction with specific polyclonal antibodies against MR and GR . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In order to generate a novel screening system for the identification of aldosterone antagonists , we expressed the human mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and the human glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , respectively , in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : In experiment 1 , each group of rats received the GR antagonist RU 38486 ( 0 . 5 or 1 microg ) , the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone ( 3 microg ) , or a vehicle , given intrathecally with morphine ( 10 microg ) twice daily for 6 days . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We examined regional mRNA densities of corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) , its receptor CRF 1 , glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) ; regional CRF 1 and CRF2alpha binding , and pituitary adrenal responses to an acute air puff startle ( APS ) stressor in four groups : HMS 15 , nonstressed ; HMS 15 , stressed ; HMS 180 , nonstressed ; HMS 180 , stressed . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) are nuclear transcription factors that mediate many of the basal and stress functions and effects of the corticosteroid hormones , including those related to brain development . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) is a ligand dependent transcription factor involved in gene regulation in association with another corticosteroid receptor , glucocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticosteroid hormones regulate a variety of developmental , physiological and pathological processes via their cognate receptors , the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and the mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The glucocorticoid receptor and the mineralocorticoid receptor are members of the steroid receptor family that exhibit ligand cross reactivity . ^^^ Specificity of steroid receptor action is investigated in the present work by the construction and characterization of chimeras between the glucocorticoid receptor and the mineralocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We first examined the ability of either a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist ( spironolactone ) or a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist ( RU 486 ) to induce partner preferences in females . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Abnormal corticosteroid hormone levels during stress and resultant mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) / glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) imbalance enhance the vulnerability of specific hippocampal neurons . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Agomelatine treatment did not cause any major change in corticosterone or adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH ) concentrations nor in vasopressin ( AVP ) , corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) , GR and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) mRNAs levels , which make it unlikely that the mechanism of agomelatine action is related to hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical ( HPA ) axis changes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A predominant role of the GR was further supported by the observation that corticosterone could elevate GLT 1 expression in a dose dependent manner , whereas aldosterone , the physiological ligand of the mineralocorticoid receptor , exerted only weak effects even when applied at high concentrations . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The stimulatory effect of aldosterone on osteopontin expression was time dependent ( 3 24h ) and dose dependent ( 10 ( 10 ) 10 ( 6 ) M ) , and abolished by a mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) antagonist spironolactone , but not by a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU 486 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The apparently anomalous binding data were clarified by the fact that washed platelets ( 1 ) contained mineralocorticoid receptor and that ( 2 ) it was associated with GR . ^^^ Taken together , our data suggest that platelet GR forms a heterodimeric complex with the mineralocorticoid receptor that is susceptible to differential activation by specific receptor ligands . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In contrast , hippocampal mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA and PVN GR mRNA decreased from 4W to 6W in SE , with 6W values lower than in DS . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated the effects of age , weaning and / or social isolation on the expression of genes regulating glucocorticoid response [ glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) , 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases 1 and 2 ( 11beta HSD 1 and 11beta HSD 2 ) ] in the frontal cortex and hippocampus . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Steroid hormone receptors including androgen receptor ( AR ) , glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , progesterone receptor ( PR ) , and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) recognize and bind to identical consensus hormone response elements ( HREs ) , which consist of two hexameric half sites ( 5 ' AGAACA 3 ' ) arranged as inverted repeats with a 3 bp spacer . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These hormones activate two related transcription factors , the glucocorticoid receptor and the mineralocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using real time RT PCR , we measured mRNA expression levels of glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) , serum and glucocorticoid induced kinase 1 ( sgk 1 ) , proopiomelanocortin ( POMC ) , CRF , and arginine vasopressin ( AVP ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Unexpectedly , the rapid effect critically depends on the classical mineralocorticoid receptor , as evidenced by the effectiveness of agonists , antagonists , and brain specific inactivation of the mineralocorticoid but not the glucocorticoid receptor gene . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Fetal exposure to synthetic glucocorticoids can permanently alter glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) levels within the hippocampus , and serotonin is thought to be involved in this process . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cortisol plays an important role in controlling intestinal water and ion transport in teleosts possibly through glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and / or mineralocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The balance of expression of types 1 and 2 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases ( 11betaHSD ) controls the availability of cortisol to bind to the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The overall levels of hippocampal mineralocorticoid receptor heteronuclear RNA or glucocorticoid receptor mRNA were not decreased by repeated restraint , as may occur in response to severe chronic stress . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the present study , we observed expression and changes of mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) in the gerbil hippocampal CA 1 region , but not in the CA2 / 3 region , after 5 min of transient forebrain ischemia . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticosterone actions in the brain are mediated by two corticosteroid receptors , glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) , and they show a high degree of colocalization in the hippocampal region . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Spironolactone ( mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist , 10 microM ) prevented the 1 microM aldosterone dependent 1 ( Na ) increase , whereas RU 38486 ( glucocorticoid receptor antagonist , 10 microM ) did not . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Molecular characterization of cortisol receptors has only been initiated recently by cloning the different receptor forms : Following a isolation of a first glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , a mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) was described and the presence of various GR isoforms was recently reported . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This effect could not be blocked by antagonists of the mineralocorticoid receptor and glucocorticoid receptor ( spironolactone and RU 38486 , respectively ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This was due to a lack of expression of both activating and inhibiting isoforms of glucocorticoid receptor ( GR alpha , beta ) and mineralocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In transiently transfected CV 1 cells , the wild type HBO 1 [ 611 amino acids ( aa ) ] enhanced transcription mediated by steroid receptors , notably PR , mineralocorticoid receptor , and glucocorticoid receptor , and strongly induced PR and estrogen receptor coactivation by steroid receptor coactivator 1a ( SRC 1a ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist RU 28318 abolished the effect of 500 nm CORT on splicing in pituitary cells , whereas the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU 38486 blocked the effect of 20 microm CORT on adrenal chromaffin cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To eliminate the possible effect of the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and to emphasize the role of mineralocorticoid receptor , we used GR small interfering RNA and knocked down GR expression in several experiments . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA levels did not change following hCG administration , while glucocorticoid receptor mRNA levels increased in response to an ovulatory stimulus . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) mRNA was down regulated , and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) up regulated by trilostane treatment : no changes in 11beta HSD 1 mRNA were observed . ^^^ Glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) mRNA was down regulated , and mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) up regulated by trilostane treatment : no changes in 11beta HSD 1 mRNA were observed . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The epithelium of the urinary bladder of Bufo marinus is composed of 5 cell types , i . e . , granular ( Gr ) , mitochondria rich ( MR ) and goblet ( G ) cells which face the urinary lumen , microfilament rich ( MFR ) and undifferentiated cells ( Un ) located basally . ^^^ Fractionation of dispersed cells by isopycnic centrifugation on dense serum albumin solutions yielded 4 fractions : ( 1 ) a very light fraction ( p approximately equal to 1 . 025 ) enriched in MR and MFR cells ; ( 2 ) a light fraction ( p approximately equal to 1 . 045 ) enriched in vacuolated Gr cells ; ( 3 ) a heavy fraction ( p approximately equal to 1 . 065 ) composed essentially of aggregated Gr cells , and ( 4 ) a pellet ( p approximately equal to 1 . 085 ) enriched in G and undifferentiated cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Competitive binding followed by filtration through Sephadex G 200 gel indicated that cellular MR binders , unlike GR receptors , exist mostly as high molecular weight aggregates , although both appear to exhibit a comparable monomeric molecular weight of approx . 67000 . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptors were quantified by radioligand binding assay and in situ hybridization . ^^^ The hippocampus of aged rats displayed a decrease of maximally 44 % in the apparent Bmax of MR , but no change in GR number . ^^^ Old age affected MR and GR gene expression differentially . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Decreases in hippocampal , cortical , and hypothalamic GR as well as hippocampal MR were observed 24 h after administration of kainic acid ( 10 mg / kg ) to adrenalectomized rats . ^^^ Kainic acid ( 10 mg / kg ) also significantly decreased hippocampal GR and MR as well as GR in the other three brain regions when administered to adrenal intact rats that were subsequently adrenalectomized and killed 48 h after drug administration . ^^^ The kainic acid induced decreases in hippocampal GR and MR binding were due to decreases in the maximum number of binding sites ( Bmax ) with no change in the apparent affinity ( KD ) . ^^^ Kainic acid when added in vitro did not displace the GR and MR radioligands from their respective receptors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In intact rats , blockade of central MRs and GRs by intracerebroventricular injection of selective MR and GR antagonists influenced different aspects of spatial learning . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To determine the possible involvement of steroid receptors in the regulation of CRH expression , we examined the effects of intrahippocampal colchicine on gene expression of the mineralocorticoid ( MR ; type 1 ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ; type 2 ) receptors in hippocampal CA fields and dentate gyrus . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Adrenal corticosteroids bind to hippocampal glucocorticoid ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) , thereby affecting neurochemical transmission leading to altered mood , behaviour and neuroendocrine control . ^^^ We have previously demonstrated that lesions of 5 HT neurons reduce hippocampal GR and MR mRNA levels and now examine whether acute or chronic treatment with antidepressant drugs , which potentiate endogenous monoamines by inhibiting their reuptake , affect hippocampal GR and MR mRNA expression in vivo . ^^^ After 2 or 14 days animals were killed , RNA extracted and GR and MR mRNA expression quantified by slot blot hybridization . ^^^ Amitriptyline for 2 days led to a significant increase in MR ( by 23 + / 6 % , compared with saline treated controls ) , but not GR , mRNA expression . ^^^ After 14 days amitriptyline , expression of both MR ( 87 + / 27 % rise ) and GR mRNA ( 56 + / 18 % rise ) had increased significantly in hippocampus , but not in parietal cortex . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the present study we established responses to 5HT in the hippocampal slice when not only MRs but also glucocorticoid receptors ( GRs ) were occupied , using either a combination of selective MR and GR ligands or different concentrations of the endogenous mixed agonist corticosterone . ^^^ We observed that the GR agonist RU 28362 blocks the attenuating action of the MR agonist aldosterone on responses to 3 , 10 and 30 microM 5HT ; RU 28362 by itself did not affect 5HT responses . ^^^ If a low concentration of the mixed agonist corticosterone ( 0 . 5 nM , close to the Kd for the MR ) was continuously perfused in vitro , 5HT responses were steadily depressed with a delay of 2 h , while high levels of corticosterone ( 5 nM , around Kd for GR ) only temporarily reduced 5HT responses . ^^^ These data suggest that the previously reported MR mediated attenuation of 5HT responses may be limited to conditions of low adrenocortical activity or pathophysiological conditions where the balance of MR and GR mediated effects is disturbed . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have examined the effects of electrolytic lesions of the medial septal cholinergic innervation on mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptor mRNA expression in rat hippocampus using in situ hybridization histochemistry . ^^^ Expression of both MR and GR mRNA was significantly increased in a subregions of the hippocampus , but not neocortex , with the greatest increase in the CA 1 area for MR mRNA and dentate gyrus for GR mRNA . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| New developments in corticosteroid receptor research enabled us to perform a highly detailed study on the neuroanatomical topography of MR and GR in the rat hippocampus . ^^^ Furthermore , in situ hybridization with 35S labeled RNA probes , which were transcribed from cDNAs complementary to either a fragment of the rat brain MR gene or to the rat liver GR gene , was applied to investigate the localization of MR and GR mRNA in the limbic brain . ^^^ The topography of GRir , GR mRNA and MR mRNA was found to agree with the cellular distribution of MR and GR binding sites in the hippocampus . ^^^ Moreover , the microanatomy of MR and GR in the hippocampus appeared to overlap . ^^^ Our data strongly suggest that MR and GR are co expressed in the majority of pyramidal and granular neurons of the hippocampal formation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The action of corticosteroids in the central nervous system ( CNS ) is mediated by two distinct corticosteroid receptors : the mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors ( MR and GR respectively ) . ^^^ Using an established in vitro binding assay system , MR and GR binding parameters were determined in the hippocampal , hypothalamic and pituitary cytosol of various rat models . ^^^ In rats subjected to alteration in environmental conditions , the long term effects of a short inescapable stress resulted in a significant increase in both hippocampal MR and GR while the pituitary and hypothalamic MR and GR do not differ in the stress and control groups . ^^^ In rats subjected to a defeat test , a decrease in hippocampal MR and GR was observed 3 weeks ( but not 1 week ) later . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Particular issues to be addressed in the presentation include : ( 1 ) the extent to which glucocorticoid receptor occupancy is modulated by extracellular ( plasma binding enzymes ) or intracellular ( proto oncogenes ) factors ; ( 2 ) whether or not there are specific response elements for Type 1 and 2 receptors ; ( 3 ) putative physiological roles for Type 1 , high affinity glucocorticoid receptors ; ( 4 ) evidence for glucocorticoid receptors other than classical GR and `` MR ' ' . ^^^ Glucocorticoid receptors are almost ubiquitously distributed , and mediate a wide range of tissue specific responses ; in addition to classical , [ 3H ] dexamethasone binding GR ( Type 2 receptors ) there is excellent evidence that Type 1 sites ( MR ) act as mineralocorticoid receptors in some tissues but high affinity glucocorticoid receptors in others . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Adult male rats were given central 6 hydroxydopamine ( 6 OHDA ) and the expression of hippocampal mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptor mRNA was examined after two weeks by in situ hybridization histochemistry . ^^^ Expression of MR mRNA was significantly decreased in all subregions of the hippocampus except CA 2 , but 6 OHDA lesions had no effect on GR mRNA expression . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Monoclonal antibodies directed against four different polypeptide epitopes on the Mr approximately 94 , 000 steroid binding subunit of the rat liver cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor ( GcR ) were used to probe Western blots of epididymal spermatozoa from rats and mice . ^^^ Further analysis revealed that the Mr approximately 90 , 000 heat shock protein ( hsp 90 ) , a component reportedly required for high affinity ligand binding to the GcR , was present in early germ cells , but absent from rodent epididymal sperm . ^^^ These results suggest that the Mr approximately 94 , 000 steroid binding subunit of the GcR and an immunologically related Mr approximately 150 , 000 polypeptide are specifically accumulated during the later stages of rodent spermatogenesis , but are not assembled into receptor complexes capable of binding steroid . ^^^ In addition , these results support the view that hsp 90 is required for high affinity binding of glucocorticoids to the Mr approximately 94 , 000 GcR subunit in intact cells . . ^^^ Evidence that rodent epididymal sperm contain the Mr approximately 94 , 000 glucocorticoid receptor but lack the Mr approximately 90 , 000 heat shock protein . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The nonactivated glucocorticoid receptor ( Mr approximately 330 , 000 , Strokes radius = 82 A ) contained in cell extracts and complexed with a steroidal ligand was previously investigated by chemical cross linking . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the brain , the action of glucocorticoid steroids is mediated via two intracellular receptors , the mineralocorticoid ( MR ) , or type 1 receptor , and the glucocorticoid ( GR ) , or type 2 receptor . ^^^ Although glucocorticoids are known to affect gliogenesis and glial cell differentiation , the expression of the GR in different types of glial cells throughout the brain has not been thoroughly studied and the expression of the MR in glia not previously reported . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Regulation of basal ACTH secretion by corticosterone is mediated by both type 1 ( MR ) and type 2 ( GR ) receptors in rat brain . ^^^ The secretion is regulated by the biological consequences of the occupancy of high affinity mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and lower affinity glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) for corticosterone at specific sites of the rat brain . ^^^ Experiments with RU 486 , a specific glucocorticoid antagonist , suggest that occupancy of both MR and GR is required for normal control of ACTH at the time of peak activity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Pyramidal neurons in the rat CA 1 hippocampal area contain both mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) which bind the endogenous adrenal steroid corticosterone with differential affinity . ^^^ We propose that cellular excitability in the hippocampus is at least partly under control of coordinative , antagonistic MR and GR mediated effects on electrical activity . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticosterone can affect electrical properties of CA 1 pyramidal neurons via binding to two corticoid receptor types , the mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) . ^^^ Previously we have shown that MR activation leads to attenuation of serotonin ( 5 HT ) induced membrane hyperpolarization , while GR activation induces an increase in the amplitude of the afterhyperpolarization ( AHP ) following a short current pulse . ^^^ In this study we show that the MR and GR mediated changes of the membrane properties are prevented in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide , thus suggesting a genomic action of the steroids . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticosteroids bind to hippocampal glucocorticoid ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid ( MR ) receptors , thereby affecting behaviour and neurochemical transmission . ^^^ We used in situ hybridization to determine the distribution of GR and MR mRNA expression in human hippocampus . ^^^ High GR and MR mRNA expression is found in both rat and human hippocampus but the subregional distributions clearly differ between the species . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The glucocorticoid receptor from the cortisol sensitive tumor is an Mr approximately 98 , 000 protein with a Stokes radius of 7 . 4 nm in the oligomeric , non DNA binding state and 5 . 6 nm in the transformed , DNA binding state . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The heterogeneous distribution of MR and GR in the brain reflects the specific regional effects of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids on neural function . ^^^ Colocalization of 11 beta HSD and corticosteroid receptors in brain may be important in controlling the specificity of corticosteroid interaction with GR and MR . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The nonactivated glucocorticoid receptor ( Mr approximately 350 , 000 ) of WEHI 7 mouse lymphoma cells was investigated with respect to the stoichiometry of protein subunits . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Our research has shown that MR and GR mediated effects restore disturbances in homeostasis , but they do so via an opposite mode of action . ^^^ Binding capacity of MR is decreased , but that of GR is unchanged , decreased or resistant to down regulation ; the decrease in MRs is consistent with increased stress responsiveness of the HPA axis , and 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We conclude that renal 11 beta DH is suitably located to prevent access of glucocorticoid to the MR in an autocrine and not a paracrine fashion . 11 beta DH in proximal tubules may protect the glucocorticoid receptor . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The potentiation of AII induced drinking by either dexamethasone or RU 28362 was completely abolished by pretreatment with the glucocorticoid Type 2 receptor ( GR ) antagonist , RU 38486 ( 2 mg / kg , i . p . ) , but not by the mineralocorticoid Type 1 receptor ( MR ) blocker , mespirenone ( 2 mg / kg , i . p . ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The glucocorticoid receptor is present in the cytosol of cell extracts as a large nonactivated ( i . e . non DNA binding ) approximately 9 S ( Mr 300 , 000 ) complex . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Because cortisol exerts its effect on brain functions via mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) , we were interested in which type of corticosteroid receptor mediates these steroid effects on sleep . ^^^ The results suggest that corticosteroid induced changes in SWS are mediated via MR like central receptors in humans , whereas changes in REM sleep involve GR . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The Mr 90 , 000 heat shock protein free androgen receptor has a high affinity for steroid , in contrast to the glucocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cytosol proteins labeled with [ 3H ] dexamethasone mesylate showed a GR of Mr 95 , 000 in all three . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The data indicate that MR and GR activations induce opposite actions on the spike accommodation / afterhyperpolarization of CA 1 pyramidal neurons , an important intrinsic mechanism of these neurons to regulate their response to excitatory input . ^^^ We suggest that occupation of both MR and GR by the endogenous ligand corticosterone will result in an initial MR mediated enhanced cellular excitability , which is gradually reversed and overridden by a GR mediated suppression of cellular activity . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although AME is presumed to reflect inappropriate cortisol occupancy of MR , several features also suggest inappropriate occupancy of glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) . ^^^ Finally , by selectively blocking MR with RU 28318 or GR with RU 38486 , we have shown that corticosterone , the physiologic glucocorticoid in rats , has an antinatriuretic effect in adrenalectomized rats via either MR or GR occupancy . ^^^ The present studies suggest that this nonselectivity includes the nuclear response element to which either MR or GR may bind to elicit a mineralocorticoid effect , and further underscore the importance of the enzyme 11SD in the specific mineralocorticoid action of aldosterone . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunoblot analysis using anti GR monoclonal antibody revealed no difference in molecular size ( Mr 94000 ) between the high and low affinity entities . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) are expressed in the central nervous system . ^^^ Radioligand binding studies , autoradiography , immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization have shown that MR and GR are found in abundance in neurons of the limbic system ( hippocampus ) , a structure involved in mood , affect and subtle control of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal ( HPA ) axis . ^^^ MR and GR gene expression , as well as the native receptor proteins , seem to be controlled in a coordinative manner . ^^^ When GR is down regulated by excess homologous steroid , MR appears to be increased . ^^^ Down regulation of MR reduces GR as well . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This antibody immunoblots the Mr = 94 , 000 bona fide GR in tissue extracts and localizes the GR at the subcellular level by immunocytochemistry . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Purification studies isolated two forms of glutathione reductase [ GR 1 ( 140 kDa ) with subunit Mr of 70 kDa and GR 2 ( greater than 670 kDa ) with subunit Mr of 45 kDa ] and a novel glutathione peroxidase ( 112 kDa with subunit Mr of 29 kDa ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunoblot experiments showed that the glucocorticoid receptor was present as an Mr approximately 94 , 000 polypeptide in these preparations and represented 20 30 % of the eluted proteins as determined by densitometric scanning analysis of silver stained sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gels . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Direct stoichiometric evidence that the untransformed Mr 300 , 000 , 9S , glucocorticoid receptor is a core unit derived from a larger heteromeric complex . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A small ( Mr less than 500 ) anionic , heat stable molecule has been identified in rat liver cytosol which prevents the RNase induced decrease in the glucocorticoid receptor sedimentation properties which we described previously . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The human glucocorticoid receptor ( hGR ) is a ubiquitous , phosphorylated protein of Mr about 95 , 000 , as determined by PAGE or other physical methods . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Injections of the type 2 glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptor agonist , RU 28362 , into adrenalectomized rats differentially stimulates the synthesis of the 35 , 000 Mr protein compared with the mineralocorticoid aldosterone , which has a higher affinity for the type 1 ( CR ) receptor . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both the glucocorticoid receptor and the dioxin receptor had a Stokes radius Rs approximately 7 . 5 nm , expected value for heteromeric complexes containing a dimer of the Mr approximately 90 , 000 heat shock protein , hsp 90 ( Rs approximately 7 . 0 nm ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the rat brain , the binding of corticosterone is mediated through two receptor types , the type 1 receptor and the type 2 receptor , which are presumed to be encoded by genes designated as MR and GR , respectively . ^^^ In addition , we have employed molecular probes for the GR and the MR to measure receptor mRNAs . ^^^ Removal of endogenous glucocorticoids by adrenalectomy ( ADX ) induces an increase , and corticosterone administration results in a decrease , in the level of type 1 and type 2 binding in the hippocampus ; however , no significant changes in the MR ( type 1 ) or GR ( type 2 ) mRNA levels are seen with these treatments . ^^^ Thus , the changes in type 1 and type 2 receptor binding capacity elicited by differing steroid conditions can not be attributed to modulation of the steady state levels of MR ( type 1 ) or GR ( type 2 ) mRNA . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Messenger RNAs coding for glucocorticoid ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid ( MR ) receptor proteins were localized to discrete subfields of the hippocampal formation by in situ hybridization histochemistry , using cRNA probes of approximately equivalent specific activity . ^^^ Both GR and MR mRNAs were present in all subfields examined ; GR mRNA was of greatest abundance in CA 1 , while MR mRNA was most densely labeled in CA 3 . ^^^ In all subfields examined , MR mRNA was considerably more abundant than GR mRNA . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Affinity labeling with [ 3H ] dexamethasone mesylate and Western blot analysis with antiglucocorticoid receptor antiserum revealed that nontransfected CHO cells have virtually undetectable levels of glucocorticoid receptor protein whereas cotransfected MG / hGR cells contain at least 3 times more intact monomeric receptor protein of Mr 94 , 000 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| They were found to precipitate the intact non activated glucocorticoid receptor , as well as the Mr approximately 27 , 000 steroid binding fragment of the receptor generated by trypsin treatment , indicating that hsp 90 interacts with the steroid binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor with the Mr 90 , 000 heat shock protein : an evolving model of ligand mediated receptor transformation and translocation . ^^^ Reports from several laboratories support a model for glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) transformation in cytosol in which a heteromeric 9S complex of GR and the Mr 90 , 000 heat shock protein undergo a temperature dependent and hormone promoted dissociation to yield the free DNA binding form of the receptor . ^^^ In this paper , we review evidence that the 9S heteromeric complex is derived from the normal inactive state of the receptor in the intact cell and that both Mr 90 , 000 heat shock protein and the untransformed GR localize by immunofluorescence with specific monoclonal antibodies to microtubules in a variety of cell types in culture . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The Mr approximately 90 , 000 heat shock protein : an important modulator of ligand and DNA binding properties of the glucocorticoid receptor . ^^^ This brief report deals with some recent observations relating to the assoclation of the Mr approximately 90 , 000 heat shock protein ( hsp 90 ) with the glucocorticoid receptor . ^^^ In its nonactivated state , stabilized by sodium molybdate , the glucocorticoid receptor exists as a 9S heteromeric complex containing a single Mr approximately 94 , 000 steroid binding unit and a dimer of hsp 90 . ^^^ Furthermore , dissociation of the glucocorticoid receptor hsp 90 complex results in a major reduction of the affinity of the Mr approximately 94 , 000 receptor entity for its ligand . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two dimensional electrophoresis of tryptic and chymotryptic fragments showed that the charge heterogeneity responsible for the two GR isoforms is located in a Mr 26 , 500 tryptic fragment derived from the steroid binding domain of the protein . ^^^ In addition , analysis of [ 3H ] dexamethasone 21 mesylate labeled tryptic fragments suggests that the Mr 26 , 500 fragment corresponds to residues 499 743 of the human GR . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The glucocorticoid receptor is present in cytosol prepared from cell extracts of nonhormone treated cells as a large nonactivated ( i . e . non DNA binding ) 9 S heteromeric complex which contains the Mr approximately 90 , 000 heat shock protein , hsp 90 . hsp 90 is expressed under physiological conditions in mammalian cells and is also present in reticulocyte lysate , as assessed by Western immunoblotting using specific anti hsp 90 antibodies . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| MR studies included T 1 and T 2 weighted spin echo ( SE ) and T2 * weighted gradient refocused ( GR ) pulse sequences at each field strength . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Five of these adults ( 71 % ) had gr 3 4 changes on MR as compared to gr 3 4 changes in 29 % of the remaining adult group . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Association of the dioxin receptor with the Mr 90 , 000 heat shock protein : a structural kinship with the glucocorticoid receptor . ^^^ The Mr approximately equal to 90 , 000 heat shock protein , hsp 90 , readily interacts with the glucocorticoid receptor to form the 9 S , non DNA binding receptor complex . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Bis gamma glutamylcystine reductase ( GCR ) , a NADPH dependent dimer of Mr 122 , 000 recently purified to homogeneity from Halobacterium halobium ( Sundquist , A . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The relative binding affinities of 48 steroids for four classes of hormone receptor ( progestin , PR ; androgen , AR ; glucocorticoid , GR ; mineralocorticoid , MR ) have been analyzed by correspondence analysis . ^^^ Distribution maps visualizing the results of the mathematical analysis revealed that the majority of the test steroids were within the zone of influence of AR and PR and had limited affinity for GR and MR . ^^^ Overall lack of specificity and enhanced affinity for GR and MR were induced by increasing unsaturation and by the presence of a C 13 ethyl group . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The denatured glucocorticoid receptor , covalently labelled with [ 3H ] dexamethasone 21 mesylate , was identified by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a protein moiety with Mr approximately equal to 92 , 000 , similar to that obtained from human non transformed mononuclear leukocytes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This partially purified preparation , when separated by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotted , indicated that a Mr = 94 , 000 protein band cross reacts with a monoclonal antibody against rat GCR . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Purified preparations of activated glucocorticoid 10 receptor complex ( GR ) contain a Mr 94 , 000 hormone binding polypeptide co purifying together with a Mr 72 , 000 non hormone binding polypeptide ( Wrange , O . , Okret , S . , Radojcic , M . , Carlstedt Duke , J . , and Gustafsson , J . ^^^ A modified GR purification procedure resulted in increased amounts of Mr 72 , 000 polypeptide ( 1 . 6 : 1 , 94 , 000 : 72 , 000 molar ratio ) , compared to previous GR preparations . ^^^ Glycerol gradient centrifugation followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the specific GR 10 DNA complex contained similar amounts of Mr 94 , 000 and Mr 72 , 000 polypeptide . ^^^ It is as yet uncertain if the Mr 72 , 000 polypeptide is a functional subunit of GR or a co purifying contaminant only . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both the nonoccupied and in vitro occupied forms of the receptors interacted with heparin Sepharose but with varying strength , as determined by ligand binding assays or an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay based on a monoclonal antibody against the steroid and DNA binding Mr approximately 94 , 000 glucocorticoid receptor protein . ^^^ In analogy to what has previously been shown for the glucocorticoid receptor , sodium molybdate stabilized a large dioxin receptor complex with a sedimentation coefficient , S 20 , w , of 9 10 S , a Stokes radius of approximately 7 . 5 nm , and a calculated Mr of 290 , 000 310 , 000 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The affinity of these derivatives for mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) was explored in rabbit kidney cytosol . ^^^ The 3 nonylamide of carboxymethyloxime deoxycorticosterone bound to MR but not to GR , and therefore constitutes a suitable ligand for the preparation of a mineralocorticoid adsorbent . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In comparison , the Hepa 1c1c7 glucocorticoid receptor in analogy to the glucocorticoid receptor in general as well as the C57BL / 6 mouse and rat hepatic dioxin receptors are molecules with an s 20 , w value of 4 5 S , a Stokes radius of approximately 6 nm , and a calculated Mr approximately equal to 100 , 000 . ^^^ In the presence of 20 mM sodium molybdate , a large Mr approximately equal to 270 , 000 310 , 000 form of the Hepa 1c1c7 glucocorticoid receptor is stabilized which is hydrodynamically indistinguishable from the Mr approximately equal to 260 , 000 300 , 000 Hepa 1c1c7 dioxin receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We report here that a protein of relative molecular mass 19 , 000 ( Mr = 19 K ) encompassing the DNA binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor that has been overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity reversibly ligates two Zn ( 2 ) or Cd ( 2 ) ions . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Native GCR was found to be a dimeric flavoprotein of Mr 122 , 000 and to be more stable to heat when in buffer of very high ionic strength . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Boiled cytosols prepared from a wide variety of sources contain a low Mr factor that inhibits glucocorticoid receptor transformation to the DNA binding state ( Leach , K . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Interaction of the Mr = 90 , 000 heat shock protein with the steroid binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor . ^^^ Furthermore , the Mr approximately 27 , 000 steroid binding fragment generated in the presence of molybdate could be immunoprecipitated by antibodies specific for the glucocorticoid receptor associated Mr approximately 90 , 000 heat shock protein . ^^^ These results provide direct evidence for an interaction of the Mr approximately 90 , 000 heat shock protein with the steroid binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor , known to correspond to the C terminal third of the receptor protein . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mouse lymphoma cells contain a nonactivated glucocorticoid receptor of Mr approximately 330 , 000 which is heteromeric in nature and is unable to bind to DNA . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The molybdate stabilized nonactivated glucocorticoid receptor contains a dimer of Mr 90 , 000 non hormone binding protein . ^^^ A glucocorticoid receptor associated Mr approximately 90 , 000 non hormone binding protein was purified and characterized . ^^^ The molybdate stabilized nonactivated rat liver glucocorticoid receptor complex ( Mr approximately 300 , 000 ) was immunoadsorbed on cyanogen bromide activated Sepharose 4B to which a monoclonal IgG 2a antibody directed against the activated rat glucocorticoid receptor ( Mr approximately 94 , 000 ) had been coupled . ^^^ Hydrodynamic characterization under nondenaturing conditions revealed that the purified glucocorticoid receptor associated protein represents a molecular species with a sedimentation coefficient of 6 . 1 S , a Stokes radius of 6 . 9 nm , and a calculated Mr approximately 184 , 000 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we show that under conditions permitting minimal in vitro manipulation , the steroid free glucocorticoid receptor in crude cytosol associates with the hsp 90 heat shock protein ( relative molecular mass Mr approximately equal to 90 , 000 ) to form a large 300K complex , rather than the 94K liganded receptor monomer . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Relationship between glucocorticoid receptor steroid binding capacity and association of the Mr 90 , 000 heat shock protein with the unliganded receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Hydrodynamic characterization indicates that , under our experimental conditions , the molybdate stabilized rat liver GR ( Rs approximately 7 . 4 nm , s 20 , w approximately 9 . 1 S , calculated mol . wt Mr approximately 285 , 000 ) includes one steroid binding unit ( Rs approximately 5 . 5 nm , S 20 , w approximately 4 . 3 S , calculated Mr approximately 100 , 000 ) and a dimer of Mr approximately 90 , 000 non hormone binding protein ( Rs approximately 6 . 9 nm , S 20 , w approximately 6 . 1 S , calculated native Mr approximately 180 , 000 ) . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Sucrose density gradient sedimentation in H2O and D2O and gel filtration chromatography were used to estimate the Stokes radius ( a ) , partial specific volume ( vc ) , sedimentation coefficient ( S 20 , w ) , and molecular weight ( Mr ) of the detergent solubilized hormone receptor complex ( hCG GR ) . [ 125I ] hCG was bound to MLTC 1 cells under conditions that allow ( 37 degrees C ) or prevent ( 0 degree C ) desensitization , and hCG GR was solubilized in Triton 10 100 . ^^^ In the absence of desensitization , control hCG GR had a Mr of 213 , 000 ( a = 6 . 2 ; vc = 0 . 76 ; S 20 , w = 7 . 3 ) , whereas desensitized hCG GR had a Mr of 158 , 000 ( a = 6 . 1 ; Vc = 0 . 71 ; S 20 , w = 6 . 6 ) . ^^^ The hydrodynamic properties of DG hCG GR ( Mr 213 , 000 ; a = 5 . 8 ; Vc = 0 . 77 ; S 20 ; w = 7 . 6 ) were the same as that for control hCG GR . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have shown that cytosol samples from human leukemia cells frequently contain glucocorticoid receptor fragments that have a mol wt ( Mr ) of approximately 52 , 000 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The unliganded , non DNA binding 8S form of the chick GR is a hetero oligomer including the relative molecular mass ( Mr ) 94 , 000 steroid binding unit ( 4S GR ) , and the non steroid binding , non DNA binding 90 , 000 protein common to all classes of 8S R and identified as heat shock protein ( hsp 90 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The glucocorticoid receptor from mouse AtT 20 cells exists in three forms : the untransformed receptor ( 9 . 1S ; Mr of 319 , 000 ) , a large oligomeric molecule that does not bind to DNA ; the transformed receptor ( 4S ; Mr of 96 , 000 ) , which is formed by dissociation of untransformed receptor after steroid binding and which binds to DNA to modulate gene expression ; and an intermediate size receptor ( 6S ; Mr of 132 , 000 ) , which also binds to DNA and contains a bound small RNA molecule . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The Mr 94 , 000 steroid binding component of rat hepatic glucocorticoid receptor purified 5000 fold under goes calcium stimulated phosphorylation in vitro by [ gamma 32P ] ATP . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The purified glucocorticoid receptor preparation contained a major peptide of Mr = 90 , 000 and the GRc sedimented as 4 S in 5 20 % sucrose gradients . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| While it is becoming increasingly evident that the untransformed ( non nuclear binding and non DNA binding ) glucocorticoid receptor from mouse AtT 20 cells is a 9 . 1S oligomeric species ( Mr 290 000 360 000 ) , two transformed species have been described for this receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The diet little influenced the GR binding parameters , while the MR ( aldosterone ) binding parameters showed a down regulation following LS ( high circulating aldosterone ) diets . ^^^ From these studies it was concluded that the duck intestinal tract possesses vertebrate type GR and MR , though these receptors were much less specific than their mammalian counterparts . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Under high salt conditions , glucocorticoid receptor complexes in concentrated cytosol had the following properties : sedimentation coefficient = 6 . 4 S ; Rs = 6 . 7 nm ; Mr = 183 , 100 ; f / fo = 1 . 64 ; axial ratio = 12 . ^^^ When either these cytosol extracts were diluted , or glucocorticoid receptor complexes were subjected to repeated analysis , a fourth form was detected with sedimentation coefficient = 3 . 76 S ; Rs = 5 . 67 ; Mr = 91 , 000 ; f / fo = 1 . 75 ; axial ratio = 14 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Glucocorticoids induce a 29 000 Mr protein in DDT 1 MF 2 smooth muscle cells but not in the DDT 1 MF 2 GR glucocorticoid resistant variant . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The composition of the molybdate stabilized glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) complex has been investigated with a monoclonal antibody against the steroid binding Mr 94 000 ( 94K ) GR protein . ^^^ This finding constituted the basis for calculating the number of antibodies bound to the molybdate stabilized nonactivated GR complex , which has an Mr of 302 000 ( 302K ) . ^^^ These results suggest that the molybdate stabilized GR complex with an Mr of 302K only contains one steroid binding 94K GR molecule and therefore represents a heteromeric complex . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We propose that the 5 . 2S , oligomeric transformed glucocorticoid receptor is composed of one monomeric hormone binding , protein subunit ( Mr 96 000 ) and a low molecular weight RNA ( Mr 36 000 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Progestin , estrogen , androgen , glucocorticoid as well as mineralocorticoid receptors ( PR , ER , AR , GR and MR , respectively ) were all evaluated with specific synthetic radioligands ( biochemical assays ) in 25 meningiomas , 9 gliomas and 4 brain metastases . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This working hypothesis is supported by studies on the molecular characterization of the GRs of the responsive retina : analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( PAGE ) revealed that the GRs in the cytosol are dimers ( or higher oligomers ) , made of nonidentical GR units ; one of 108 , 000 Mr designated GR B and another , not yet characterized , designated GR 10 . ^^^ GR B is cleaved in the cytosol to the 61 , 000 Mr form designated GR C . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effect of absence of the C 19 methyl group from five adrenal steroids has been studied in terms of their affinity for mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) . ^^^ These findings suggest that while the 19 nor analogs of 11 deoxy steroids are consistently more active than their parent steroid , the 19 nor 11 oxygenated adrenal steroids show no predictable pattern of binding for MR or GR . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In recent years experiments performed in animals showed that : 1 ) endogenous steroid hormones cross the blood brain barrier : 2 ) radiolabelled steroid hormones bind in specific areas of the CNS ; 3 ) all five classes of steroid receptors , i . e . oestrogen , progesterone , androgen , glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors ( OR , PR , AR , GR , MR ) , are present in brain tissues , especially in the hypothalamus and the limbic system ; 4 ) the interaction of steroid hormones and specific receptors induces the synthesis of proteins in the CNS ; 5 ) finally , in situ metabolism of steroid hormones has been evidenced by the presence of specific enzymes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The glucocorticoid receptor is a soluble protein of relative molecular mass ( Mr ) 94 , 000 ( 94K ) , present at a low relative abundance ( less than or equal to 0 . 01 % ) ; it has been purified to near homogeneity , and specific antisera and monoclonal antibodies have been produced . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In cytosolic fractions prepared from rat thymic lymphocytes , [ 3H ] dexamethasone 21 mesylate labels a protein ( Mr approximately equal to 95 , 000 ) which was identified as the glucocorticoid receptor by the following criteria : ( a ) labeling of this moiety is inhibited by treatment with a 100 fold molar excess of glucocorticoids , such as dexamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide ; and ( b ) the covalently labeled Mr approximately equal to 95 , 000 protein is activated ( by heating at 20 degrees for 30 min ) to a form that binds to DNA cellulose . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cytosol contains a major phosphoprotein of Mr = 92 , 000 and a minor phosphoprotein of Mr = 100 , 000 , both of which bind glucocorticoids in a stereospecific , high affinity manner and have the same Mr as glucocorticoid receptor species that have been covalently labeled with the site specific affinity ligand [ 3H ] 9 alpha fluoro 16 methyl 11 beta , 17 alpha , 21 trihydroxypregna 1 , 4 diene 3 , 20 dione 21 mesylate . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These observations argue that the Mr = 90 , 000 , 41 , 000 , 40 , 000 , and 24 , 000 components are related as components or degradation products of the unactivated , molybdate stabilized rat hepatic glucocorticoid receptor complex . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Antibodies were raised in rabbits to an Mr 58 , 000 fragment of the transformed ( DNA binding ) glucocorticoid receptor purified from rat liver cytosol by DNA cellulose chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis . ^^^ An identical Mr 185 , 000 glucocorticoid receptor was detected in cytosols of four rat tissues ; liver , brain , adrenal medulla , and thymus . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Six cases of good recovery ( GR ) , five of moderate recovery ( MR ) , and six of no recovery ( NR ) were studied ; 16 of 17 patients were right handed . ^^^ Results showed that the GR cases had significantly larger lesions in the low orbitofrontal region ( especially on the left ) than did the other MR and NR cases . ^^^ Also , five of six of the GR cases had significantly greater lesion size asymmetry in the low orbitofrontal region and overall than did the other MR and NR cases . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Since predominant MR occupation on the one hand and additional GR occupation on the other hand induce different cellular actions , the ratio of MR / GR occupation is an important factor determining the net effect of corticosteroid hormones in the brain . ^^^ How coordinated MR and GR mediated effects control neuronal communication under various physiological and pathological conditions will be a challenge for future research . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Of 13 patients with MDS , four achieved complete remission ( CR ) , two good response ( GR ) , two minor response ( MR ) , and five no response ( NR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| LLC PK 1 cells expressed low levels of MR ( 13 . 9 fmol / mg protein , dissociation constant ( Kd ) 0 . 3 10 10 ( 9 ) M for aldosterone ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ; 18 . 5 fmol / mg protein , Kd 0 . 3 10 10 ( 9 ) M for dexamethasone ) . ^^^ Transfection with mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat luciferase reporter construct alone suggested that the endogenous levels of MR and GR were insufficient to affect transcription . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present study examined the distribution of 11 HSD 2 , 11 HSD 1 , glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and MR in kidney and brain . ^^^ GR mRNA was found predominantly in renal proximal tubules and diffusely in brain , while MR mRNA was located in the renal distal tubules and also in various brain nuclei . ^^^ These anatomical findings support a functional relationship between 11 HSD 1 and GR in both brain and kidney , but between 11 HSD 2 and MR in kidney only . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present studies utilized a pharmacologic approach to evaluate the role of corticosterone preferring mineralocorticoid receptors ( type 1 or MR ) versus classic glucocorticoid receptors ( type 2 or GR ) in the regulation of basal pituitary luteinizing hormone ( LH ) secretion in vivo in male rats . ^^^ Animals bearing indwelling intracardiac venous catheters received a subcutaneous ( s . c . ) injection of either vehicle , the MR antagonist , RU 752 ( 0 . 5 or 5 . 0 mg / kg body weight ) , or the GR antagonist , RU 486 ( 0 . 5 or 5 . 0 mg / kg body weight ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effects of these steroid treatments on the transcription and / or binding properties of the two corticosteroid receptors , the mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptors , were also examined in hippocampal tissue , ( 1 ) Fluctuations in basal and stress induced plasma ACTH and B concentrations were found during the oestrous cycle with highest levels at late pro oestrus . ( 2 ) In OVX steroid replaced animals , basal and stress induced activity was enhanced in oestradiol and oestradiol plus progesterone treated animals compared with OVX controls . ( 3 ) Cytosol binding assays revealed an oestradiol induced decrease in hippocampal MR capacity . ^^^ We show that progesterone and its 11 beta hydroxylated derivative have a high affinity for the hippocampal MR . ( 6 ) Neither oestradiol nor progesterone affected GR binding parameters in the hippocampus . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Young male rats were adrenalectomized ( ADX ) and given vehicle ( control ) or streptozotocin ( diabetic ) ; subgroups of rats were infused with vehicle , aldosterone ( Aldo , an MR agonist in vivo ) , dexamethasone ( Dex , a GR agonist in vivo ) , or Aldo & Dex for the 5 days after ADX . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of both glucocorticoid ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid ( MR ) receptor mRNAs was significantly higher ( 131 153 % ) in the hippocampus at 08 . 00 h ( corticosterone nadir ) than at 20 . 00 h ( corticosterone peak ) . 5 HT2C receptor mRNA expression also showed circadian variation ( 106 184 % higher in CA 1 CA3 in the morning ) . ^^^ Neither acute nor chronic stress altered MR , GR , 5 HT1A or 5 HT2A receptor mRNA expression in any hippocampal subfield . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have studied the role of mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) on salt appetite developed by deoxycorticosterone acetate ( DOCA ) treated rats . ^^^ To this end , we measured the effects of DOCA given on alternate days on ( 1 ) salt intake ; ( 2 ) MR and GR in hippocampus ( HIPPO ) , amygdala ( AMYG ) , and hypothalamus ( HT ) ; ( 3 ) the activity of ornithine decarboxylase ( ODC ) , a GR mediated response , and ( 4 ) the salt intake after treatment with the antiglucocorticoid RU 486 or the antimineralocorticoid ZK 91587 . ^^^ It is suggested that brain MR are involved in the natriogenic effect of DOCA , whereas the role of GR is inconclusive . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We were interested in characterizing simultaneously the activity of the HPA axis and status of both corticosteroid receptors ( mineralocorticoid or MR and glucocorticoid or GR ) in the hippocampus of aged male Fisher 344 rats . ^^^ The aged hippocampus showed a 40 50 % lower MR and GR binding under all the conditions studied . ^^^ This aging effect was not attributable to changes in the kinetics , affinity , or nuclear translocation of MR or GR . ^^^ Intact aged rats exhibited also a 30 40 % reduction of hippocampal MR and GR steady state mRNA levels . ^^^ Interestingly , after 36 h ADX only the aged hippocampus showed upregulation of MR and GR mRNA content to levels comparable to those in young rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The expression of mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) mRNA in the hippocampus of aged ( 18 24 months ) and young ( 7 months ) Wistar rats in relation to spatial learning in the water maze was investigated . ^^^ MR and GR mRNA expression were unaltered in any hippocampal subregion in aged rats compared to young controls . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Studies using immunocytochemistry and RNase protection assay demonstrate that glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors ( GR , MR ) and their corresponding mRNAs are co expressed in hippocampal neurons cultured in serum free , defined medium and at lower levels in cultured astrocytes . ^^^ Addition of serum or medium conditioned by astrocytes increases the levels of MR mRNA , but has little effect on the levels of GR mRNA . ^^^ Cellular levels of both GR mRNA and MR mRNA are upregulated by growth of embryonic hippocampal neurons in corticosterone . ^^^ However , in cultured astrocytes , GR and MR mRNAs are also downregulated by corticosterone . ^^^ Interestingly , these changes appear to be mediated by GR , but not by MR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We found that in the LEW / N rat , the regulation of the GR and MR , at least in the hippocampus , is different from F344 / N rats . ^^^ Taken together , the impaired regulation of HPAA reactivity observed in LEW / N rats could be due to an impaired regulation of the central MR and / or GR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Glucocorticoid ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid ( MR ) receptors were examined by an in vitro [ 3H ] corticosterone binding in the cytosol from the rat hippocampus , using the selective GR agonist RU 28362 to discriminate between MR and GR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Lesions of these individual pathways alter hippocampal expression of mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptor mRNAs ; both transcripts are increased by cholinergic lesions , but markedly decreased by serotonergic denervation . ^^^ In the present study we found that combined medial septal cholinergic and central 5 HT lesions increase hippocampal GR mRNA expression , specifically in CA 1 and CA 2 subfields , whereas MR mRNA expression was similar to controls . ^^^ Thus the effects of the cholinergic lesion , at least upon GR gene expression , appear to predominate while the effects of the lesions upon MR gene expression were additive . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The corticosteroid receptors , including the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors ( GR and MR , respectively ) , are subject to ligand mediated autoregulation like other members of the steroid receptor gene superfamily . ^^^ Since it is the level of expression of these closely related intracellular receptors that determines cellular sensitivity to adrenal glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hormones , homologous as well as potential heterologous regulation of GR and MR levels constitute physiologically important homeostatic events . ^^^ Although historically the homologous as well as heterologous regulation of GR and MR were evaluated exclusively at the ligand binding levels , the cloning of the genes for these corticosteroid receptors has facilitated detailed analysis of hormonal regulation at the message and protein levels . ^^^ Clearly , many of these key questions concerning autoregulation of GR and MR levels remain unanswered and further studies in this area will enhance our understanding of the mechanisms involved in these cellular events . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Receptors ( MR ) with high affinity for aldo , B and F are found in both epithelia and the central nervous system ( CNS ) ; receptors ( GR ) with lower affinity for F and B , and still lower for aldo , are found in essentially all cells . ^^^ Both MR and GR bind to and activate canonical pentadecamer response elements in transfected cells and in epithelia , wherein MR aldo , B and F all act as agonists . ^^^ The CNS differs markedly in terms of MR / GR in a number of ways : ( 1 ) most but not all MR in the CNS are functionally unprotected , despite the presence of a low Km , NADP preferring 11 beta OHSD , so that they operate as high affinity GR ; ( 2 ) in such CNS ' MR ' , aldo antagonizes the effects of B , and vice versa , in contrast with epithelia ; ( 3 ) also in contrast with epithelia , activated GR in the CNS do not mimic activated MR , suggesting considerable if not total specificity at the response element level . ^^^ These differences suggest that glucocorticoids have two distinct domains of action in the CNS , mediated by ' MR ' at low B / F concentrations , and GR at higher concentrations ; secondly , they suggest that the nuclear recognition and response elements mediating these effects are other than canonical pentadecamer sequences . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have used several chimeric constructs encoding the DNA binding domain of Gal 4 yeast protein fused to the hormone binding domain of various steroid receptors ( MR , PR , GR and ER ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The absence of GR in the host cell line allows the selective analysis of transcription activation by aldosterone in cells expressing MR transiently . ^^^ The integrated MMTV promoter is functional , as demonstrated by the induction of the CAT activity upon addition of aldosterone , dexamethasone , and R 5020 to M 8 cells transiently transfected with MR , GR , and progesterone receptor ( PR ) expression vectors , respectively . ^^^ In the transiently transfected M 8 cells , MR and PR contents were similar ( 50 70 fmol / mg protein ) while GR content was higher ( 250 fmol / mg protein ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The relative postmortem stability of the mRNA ' s for glucocorticoid ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid ( MR ) receptor in rodent brain was determined using semi quantitative in situ hybridization ( ISH ) . ^^^ Specific hybridization of GR and MR anti sense [ 35S ] RNA probe to tissue mRNA encoding these receptors was detected using film and emulsion autoradiography . ^^^ Film images demonstrated that even in the 24 h postmortem delay group intense specific signal was present in sections hybridized with both anti sense GR and MR probes , although there was some diminution in signal intensity in cortical areas at this later postmortem delay . ^^^ These initial experiments with rat brain demonstrate that the mRNA ' s for both GR and MR , as detected with ISH , are stable for up to 24 h following death . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The relative MR and GR occupation changes throughout the day , with predominant MR occupation under rest in the morning and additional GR occupation in the evening and after stress . ^^^ We examined the effect of MR and GR activation on Ca currents in hippocampal slices from adrenalectomized ( ADX ) rats under whole cell voltage clamp conditions . ^^^ The data suggest that the changes in MR and GR occupation throughout the day , related to circadian and stress induced corticosterone release , are linked to marked alterations in Ca currents , with small Ca currents in the morning and large currents in the evening or after stress . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the hippocampus , mRNAs coding for hsp 90 and both types of corticosteroid receptors ( type 1 , MR and type 2 , GR ) displayed a coordinate increase following adrenalectomy and castration ( ADX / GX ) ; in the hypothalamus only hsp 90 mRNA levels were elevated , and none of the parameters studied was affected in the thymus by steroid hormone deprivation . ^^^ Moderate elevation of circulating corticosterone levels normalized ADX / GX increased hsp 90 mRNA concentrations in the hippocampus and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus ( PVN ) ; this was associated with similar changes in GR and MR mRNA levels in the hippocampus , while GR mRNA concentrations in the PVN were not altered . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Sites treated with IORT were classified into three types after surgical resection : gross residual disease ( GR , n = 7 ) , microscopic residual disease ( MR , n = 12 ) , and close margin ( CM , n = 11 ) . ^^^ RESULTS : The 2 year cumulative local control rate within the IORT port was 54 . 1 % for all cases , 0 % for GR , 54 . 5 % for MR , and 81 . 8 % for CM . ^^^ There were significant differences between GR and MR ( p < 0 . 05 ) , and GR and CM ( p < 0 . 01 ) . ^^^ The 2 year cumulative survival rate was 45 . 1 % for all , 0 % for GR , 33 . 0 % for MR , and 70 . 0 % for CM . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticosteroid receptor binding studies revealed the presence of mineralocorticoid ( MR ) as well as glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptors ( 45 and 600 fmol / mg protein , respectively ) in the spleen . ^^^ We postulate that distinct MR and GR mediated effects may underlie these differential steroid actions on splenic lymphocyte proliferation . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Glucocorticoid ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid ( MR ) receptors were examined by an in vitro [ 3H ] corticosterone binding in the cytosol from the rat hippocampus , using the selective GR agonist RU 28362 to discriminate between MR and GR . ^^^ Long term treatment with desipramine significantly increased the Bmax of GR at both 2 ( increase by 42 % ) and 72 h ( increase by 27 % ) after its last dose , but did not change the Bmax of MR and the Kd of GR and MR . ^^^ Repeated treatment with ( + ) oxaprotiline , citalopram and mianserin did not modify the binding parameters of GR and MR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The GR and MR levels and biosynthesis appear to be under a serotoninergic and , to a lesser extent , a noradrenergic , cholinergic and dopaminergic influence . ^^^ The above data strongly suggest that GR and MR may be affected by some psychotropic drugs which are known to cause alterations in classic neurotransmitter systems . ^^^ In this respect , adaptive changes in GR and MR parameters , evoked by drugs which are commonly administered for a long time , e . g . antidepressants or drugs of abuse , seem to be of particular interest . ^^^ Long term treatment with tricyclic antidepressants such as imipramine , desipramine , amitriptyline and maprotiline elevates the density and / or biosynthesis of GR and / or MR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In situ hybridization was used to examine the effects of amygdala kindling on the expression of mRNAs for mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) in the rat hippocampus . ^^^ These data indicate differential transient alterations in hippocampal MR and GR receptor mRNA expression following amygdala kindled seizures . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In several mammalian species the responsiveness of brain neurons to corticosteroids is mediated by mineralo ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptors . ^^^ We further explored the specific physiological role of this binary receptor system in the human brain by studying electroencephalogram ( EEG ) sleep and changes in plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH ) , cortisol , and growth hormone from 1800 to 0700 h in a series of investigations in healthy men pretreated the previous evening with the nonselective GR agonist dexamethasone ( Dex ) and then receiving at 1400 h either placebo , spironolactone ( Spi ) , an MR antagonist , or mifepristone ( Mif ) , a GR antagonist . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Dexamethasone , aldosterone , and high concentrations of B ( 1 10 microM ) increased Na , K ATPase alpha 1 and beta 1 messenger RNA ( mRNA ) levels , an effect that was inhibited by coincubation with the MR antagonist RU 26752 , but not by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU 38486 . ^^^ In vitro , however , although NRK 52 E cells expressed the glucocorticoid receptor , corticosteroid regulation of Na , K ATPase , even by dexamethasone , occurred exclusively via the MR , suggesting that accessory transcription factors required for glucocorticoid hormone action are absent in this cell line . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids exert profound effects on electrolyte balance in the rat distal colon by binding with high affinity and specificity to intracellular receptor proteins , termed glucocorticoid ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid ( MR ) receptors , respectively . ^^^ Hormonal regulation of GR and MR expression represents an important mechanism for maintaining appropriate tissue sensitivity to these two classes of adrenocorticosteroids . ^^^ Preliminary experiments demonstrated that colonic MR and GR binding levels are significantly increased ( approximately 60 % ) after adrenalectomy ( 14 days ) . ^^^ Experiments were therefore performed to test the hypothesis that these increases in binding levels correlate with increased GR and MR mRNA and protein levels . ^^^ Receptor mRNA levels were quantitated via ribonuclease protection assays using [ 32P ] cRNA probes specific for either GR or MR mRNA , and GR and MR protein levels were quantitated via Western immunoblotting using the anti GR BuGR 2 and anti MR hMRsN antibodies . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the brain , corticosteroids bind to intracellular glucocorticoid ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid ( MR ) receptors , affecting target gene transcription , and thereby altering neuronal function , including electrophysiological activity . ^^^ The hippocampus very highly expresses both MR and GR ; however , MR regulated hippocampal transcripts have not yet been described . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Such ' protective ' enzymatic pathways , present in the kidney and elsewhere , may not only control the access of glucocorticoids to MR , but control the access of glucocorticoids to glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) ( Teelucksingh et al . , 1990 ; Monder , 1990 ) as well as access of mineralocorticoids to their own receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effect of nifedipine , a calcium channel antagonist , on changes in the density of glucocorticoid ( GR ) and / or mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) , induced by long term treatment with antidepressant drugs ( imipramine and amitriptyline ) or electroconvulsive shock ( ECS ) was investigated in the rat hippocampus . ^^^ Long term treatment with imipramine or amitriptyline significantly increased the density of GR , while chronic ECS significantly elevated the density of both GR and MR . ^^^ Nifedipine administered repeatedly had no effect on the basal GR and MR levels , however when the rats were pretreated with nifedipine , the antidepressant drugs and ECS were unable to increase the density of GR , or GR and MR , respectively . ^^^ These results indicate that , unlike in other models , nifedipine blocks the effects of antidepressant drugs and ECS on GR and / or MR . ^^^ They also show , that antidepressant drugs and ECS differ in their effect on the density of GR and MR . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The distribution and intracellular localization of mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptors in colonic Na absorbing surface cells and Cl secreting crypt cells is unknown . ^^^ Scatchard analysis of [ 3H ] aldosterone and [ 3H ] triamcinolone acetonide binding demonstrated that the number of MR decreased from 7 , 228 + / 1 , 067 in surface to 2 , 299 + / 434 receptors / cell in crypt cells , whereas the number of GR increased from 20 , 857 + / 4 , 241 in surface to 58 , 598 + / 8 , 207 receptors / cell in crypt cells . ^^^ The dissociation constants were 2 . 8 + / 0 . 4 nM for the MR and 12 + / 3 nM for the GR . ^^^ Indirect immunofluorescence using the specific anti MR antibody hMRsN and the anti GR antibody BuGR 2 demonstrated that both unliganded receptors were cytoplasmic and translocated to the nucleus after hormone binding . ^^^ These data indicate that both surface and crypt cells are potentially responsive to mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids and that both the MR and GR require hormone for nuclear translocation . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Thus , the balance of MR and GR mediated effects appears critical for the long term control exerted by corticosteroids over specific aspects of neuronal activity , stress responsiveness , and behavioural adaptation . ^^^ IL 1 also influences MR function in hippocampus and causes a shift in the MR / GR balance , which may underlie prolonged activation of the HPA axis during an immune response . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors ( MR and GR , respectively ) are closely related members of the nuclear receptor superfamily . ^^^ Despite marked functional similarities and a high degree of sequence conservation between MR and GR , the mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid hormones elicit markedly different physiological effects , even in cells expressing both receptors . ^^^ Indeed , MR and GR , while functionally redundant in some contexts , in others display distinct transcriptional specificities . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both groups showed substantial decreases in mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) levels in the hippocampus , a limbic brain structure critical for HPA axis regulation , whereas GR concentrations in the hypothalamus were unchanged and in anterior pituitary were slightly increased . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Regulation of adrenocorticosteroid receptor mRNA expression at the level of polyadenylation and splicing indicates that GR and MR biosynthesis is a dynamic process susceptible to numerous classes of information . 3 . ^^^ Further study of GR and MR biosynthesis at the gene , mRNA , and protein level is required to determine the true meaning of the regulatory complexities seen in defined neuronal circuits . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The data show that MR and GR mediated effects proceed in a coordinate and often antagonistic mode of action : ( 1 ) in hippocampus MR activation maintains excitability , while GR occupancy suppresses excitability , which is transiently raised by excitatory stimuli ; ( 2 ) central MRs participate in control of the sensitivity of the neuroendocrine stress response system , while GRs are involved in termination of the stress response ; ( 3 ) MRs in the hippocampus have a role in regulation of behavioral reactivity and response selection . ^^^ On the basis of these data , we propose that a relative deficiency or excess of MR over GR mediated neuronal effects may lead to a condition of enhanced or reduced responsiveness to environmental influences , alter behavioral adaptation , and promote susceptibility to stress . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , S rats showed increased mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptor binding capacity in the hippocampus as compared to C rats , whereas affinities were not affected . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effects of long term ( 28 days ) and short term ( 2 days ) administration of imipramine or amitriptyline ( 10 mg / kg p . o . , twice daily ) on the density ( Bmax ) and affinity ( Kd ) of mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) were determined in the rat hippocampus . ^^^ MR and GR were examined by an in vitro [ 3H ] corticosterone binding to soluble molecules in the cytosol , using the selective GR agonist RU 28362 to discriminate between MR and GR . ^^^ Long term treatment with antidepressant drugs significantly increased the Bmax of GR ( by 22 45 % ; both 2 and 72 h after their last dose ) , but did not modify the Bmax of MR and the Kd of GR and MR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mechanisms appear to involve effects at the cell membrane as well as nuclear actions mediated by intracellular mineralo and glucocorticosteroid receptors ( MR and GR ) . ^^^ Molecular characterization of DOC and SP confirmed a relatively strong effect of DOC upon transactivation via MR and no effect of SP on the GR mediated transcription rate . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Various steroidal 17 spirolactones substituted in the 11 beta position were synthesized to study the relationship between the nature of the 11 beta arm and their affinity for cytosolic mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptors prepared from adrenalectomized rabbit kidney or liver . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The presence of mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptors was investigated in two renal tubular cell lines , derived from primary cultures of isolated rabbit kidney cortical cells infected with the wild type SV 40 virus , which exhibit thick ascending limb ( RC . ^^^ MR and GR were quantified , in cell monolayers and cell cytosolic fractions , with [ 3H ] aldosterone , [ 3H ] dexamethasone and [ 3H ] RU 486 , an antiglucocorticoid with no affinity for MR . ^^^ All steroids displaced bound [ 3H ] dexamethasone to the same extent , suggesting that dexamethasone bound to both MR and GR : under the conditions of assay , [ 3H ] aldosterone binds exclusively to MR , and [ 3H ] RU 486 to GR . ^^^ These results indicate that MR and GR are expressed in two established mammalian kidney tubular cell lines providing new models of cultured renal cells for studies on the physiological effects of corticosteroid hormones . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The high degree of similarity between the glucocorticosteroid receptor ( GR ) and the MR prompted us to examine the DNA binding properties of the recombinant MR with glucocorticosteroid regulated genes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| MR levels were unchanged in the hypothalamus and neocortex , whereas hypothalamic GR concentrations were elevated and neocortical receptor levels were not altered . ^^^ The dose response relationship regarding hippocampal GR content displayed an inverted U shaped curve , whereas this was less marked for MR levels . ^^^ A dose of 4 . 5 mg / kg . day appeared to be optimal for the rise in MR as well as GR . ^^^ Based on the present data , we hypothesize that during amitriptyline treatment a rise in limbic MR may be the initial phenomenon in a successively adjusting HPA system , as evidenced by the decreasing plasma hormone concentrations , declining adrenal size , and up regulation of GR in particular brain regions . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have measured 11 beta HSD mRNA and activity along the rat colon and have analyzed the distribution of 11 beta HSD , MR , and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) mRNA within rat distal colon using in situ hybridization . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We performed a survival time course of in vivo [ 3H ] thymidine autoradiography combined with immunohistochemistry for mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) and found that very few [ 3H ] thymidine labeled mitotic cells express these receptors . ^^^ By 4 weeks following [ 3H ] thymidine administration , the vast majority of [ 3H ] thymidine labeled cells were immunoreactive for MR and GR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| SV2 , Vandewalle et al . , 1989 ) having mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptors ( Rafestin Oblin et al . , 1993 ) . ^^^ This discrepancy might be due to specific occupancy of MR and GR by aldosterone and dexamethasone , respectively , and / or to nongenomic effects of dexamethasone . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Central administration of the brain mineralocorticoid like receptor ( MR ) antagonist ( RU 28318 , 100 ng ) and the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) antagonist ( RU 38486 , 100 ng ) 60 min before CRH infusion served to manipulate adrenal steroid states in the brain . ^^^ Administration of the GR antagonist significantly enhanced the magnitude of the CRH induced increase in E , whereas the effect of the MR antagonist just failed to reach significance . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have now examined both glucocorticoid ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid ( MR ) receptor gene expression in individual neurons in human postmortem hippocampus , using in situ hybridization histochemistry in 5 patients with Alzheimer ' s disease ( 81 + / 3 years ) and 7 controls ( 81 + / 7 years ) without neurological disease . ^^^ The distribution and intensity of MR and GR mRNA expression in the hippocampus of Alzheimer ' s disease were similar to that in control tissue , with high expression in dentate gyrus and CA 2 4 , but significantly lower expression in CA 1 . ^^^ The maintenance of hippocampal GR and MR gene expression , in the face of an increased glucocorticoid feedback signal , may reflect loss of the cholinergic innervation . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Whether these `` always occupied ' ' MR act at composite response elements , by the formation of heterodimers with GR or other transcription factors , or by binding progesterone in the luteal phase , in pregnancy and in utero , remains to be established . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Glucocorticoid ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid ( MR ) receptors were examined by an in vitro [ 3H ] corticosterone binding in cytosol , using the selective GR agonist RU 28362 to discriminate between MR and GR . ^^^ None of the compounds under investigation influenced the density of GR or the affinity of MR and GR in the rat hippocampus . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors ( MR and GR , respectively ) are members of the intracellular receptor superfamily that bind as homodimers to the same hormone response elements ( HREs ) . ^^^ Physiological evidence suggests that MR and GR interact with each other in cells that express both receptors , implying that they might directly interact in the regulation of transcription initiation . ^^^ Indeed , we have found that coexpressed MR and GR interact functionally at the transcriptional level and furthermore that they interact physically through heterodimer formation at a shared HRE in vitro and in vivo . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Dispersed hippocampal cells cultured in serum free conditions were used to study the effects of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) on the expression of type 1 ( mineralocorticosteroid or MR ) and type 2 ( glucocorticosteroid or GR ) corticosteroid receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The hippocampus contains a high concentration of the mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) corticosterone ( CT ) receptor subtypes . ^^^ Previous electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that acute ( 1 to 4 hour ) MR activation in slices from adrenalectomized ( ADX ) rats attenuates the 5 HT1A receptor mediated hyperpolarization , while acute MR+ GR or GR activation alone did not alter the 5 HT1A response . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the present study , we have re examined the concentrations of mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptors in the brains of male and female rats at varying times ( 1 to 6 days ) after combined gonadectomy ( GDX ) and adrenalectomy ( ADX ) . ^^^ Using an improved in vitro autoradiographic method , the distribution of MR and GR was studied in males and females 3 days after GDX ADX . ^^^ The distribution of MR and GR in the brains of these rats was similar in the two sexes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Transcripts of the two types of corticosteroid receptors , mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptor were measured in hippocampus and paraventricular nucleus . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Glucocorticoids regulate the activity of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis through both mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptors in the hippocampus . ^^^ In addition , glucocorticoids down regulate hippocampal expression of MR and GR mRNA and protein , presumably decreasing their own effect . ^^^ The purpose of this study was to examine MR and GR mRNA expression in the marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus jacchus ) hippocampus . ^^^ Overall , steady state levels of both MR and GR mRNA were elevated in all of the hippocampal subfields of the marmoset , and this was obvious in rough comparisons with those of a typical glucocorticoid sensitive Old World primate , the rhesus monkey ( Macaca mulata ) . ^^^ These findings suggest that there is a compensatory elevation of MR and GR mRNAs in the marmoset hippocampus , which appears to be the result of target tissue resistance to glucocorticoids and inappropriate down regulation by the elevated , but ineffective , circulating cortisol . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It appeared that 5HT responsiveness was dose dependently affected by corticosterone injections : 5HT responses were relatively large when no corticosteroid receptors were activated ( ADX ) ; similar 5HT responses were observed or when both mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) were occupied by injection of high doses of corticosterone ( 100 1000 micrograms / 100 g body weight ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The stress hormone exerts slow and persistent genomic control over neuronal activity underlying the stress response system via high affinity mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Taken together , the results indicate that gonadal steroids have minor influence on MR , GR , and CRH gene transcription under basal conditions , exert `` glucocorticoid like ' ' effects on the transcription of corticosteroid receptors in the hippocampus of steroid deprived animals , and interact with glucocorticoid mediated mechanisms of regulation in the HPA axis through gender specific `` buffering ' ' and `` potentiating ' ' effects . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present studies examined the effects of adrenal steroids via mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors ( MR and GR ) on [ 3H ] leucine incorporation by neonatal rat cardiomyocytes in culture and the role of elevated glucose in modulating such effects . ^^^ GR occupancy by corticosterone , the highly selective type 2 ( glucocorticoid ) receptor agonist RU 28362 , or high doses of aldosterone lowers incorporation ; when this effect is blocked by coincubation with the glucocorticoid antagonist RU 486 , aldosterone , but not corticosterone , markedly elevates leucine incorporation , indicating a specific mineralocorticoid effect via MR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recently , interest in the roles of central nervous system mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) has increased . ^^^ In vitro results have implicated MR in the enhancing effects of corticosteroids and GR in the suppressing effects of corticosteroids on hippocampal excitability . ^^^ Although indirect evidence exists suggesting that opposing actions of central MR and GR occur in vivo , direct evidence from studies employing receptor agonists and antagonists is only beginning to emerge . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A clonal cell line of rat embryonic hippocampal origin ( H 19 7 ) has been examined for the expression of glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) . ^^^ Immunocytochemistry demonstrated that H 19 7 cells express both MR and GR when grown at either 33 degrees C or 39 degrees C . ^^^ Since previous studies have shown that the level of MR mRNA is higher than that of GR mRNA in hippocampal neurons , these studies suggest that H 19 7 cells represent hippocampal neurons immortalized at an early stage when the MR system is not yet fully differentiated . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mineralocorticoid type receptor ( MR ) and the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) sites were measured separately with single point analysis applying a selective glucocorticoid ligand RU 28362 saturating GR . ^^^ The decrease in CORT binding was due to a selective GR decrement in all structures and the MR concentration was not changed considerably . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Basal prolactin levels were not different . ( 2 ) Similar hippocampal MR and GR mRNA levels . ( 3 ) Significantly reduced GR mRNA levels in PVN and anterior pituitary . ( 4 ) Significantly enhanced apomorphine induced stereotypic gnawing behaviour and ( 5 ) higher TH mRNA levels in substantia nigra , while no changes were found in the ventral tegmental area ( VTA ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Glucocorticoid ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid ( MR ) receptors were examined by an in vitro [ 3H ] corticosterone binding in the cytosol from the rat hippocampus , using the selective GR agonist RU 28362 to discriminate between MR and GR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Thus , to study further the possible mechanisms leading to an enhanced and sustained ACTH response that is seen in maternally deprived pups , we used in situ hybridization to investigate hippocampal mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) gene expression in 12 groups of animals : six groups involved 24 h maternally deprived ( DEP ) and non deprived ( NDEP ) rat pups at three ages ( 6 , 9 , and 12 days old ) ; the other six groups included pups similarly treated , but challenged with an exposure to a mild stressor ( saline injection ) and sacrificed 1 h thereafter . ^^^ We found : ( 1 ) an age effect for almost every hippocampal subfield for both MR and GR mRNAs : MR increases with age , while GR decreases : ( 2 ) down regulation of MR mRNA in CA 1 region in the DEP animals ; and ( 3 ) down regulation of GR mRNA , also in CA 1 , in the saline injected DEP and NDEP animals . ^^^ They also suggest that the relative ratio of GR and MR in the CA 1 region may contribute to the enhanced and sustained CS response seen after a mild stressor in deprived animals . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To examine this possibility , we compared the ability of THP , its precursor progesterone ( P 4 ) , and the glucocorticoids dexamethasone ( DEX ) and corticosterone ( CORT ) to influence the pituitary adrenal response to acute emotional stress and the adrenalectomy induced increase in the gene transcription of the stress related peptide arginine vasopressin ( AVP ) and of corticosteroid receptors ( MR and GR ) in the brain . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In subsequent studies we showed , again in the DG , that activation of the two types of adrenal steroid receptors ( mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) ) produce biphasic effects on synaptic plasticity ; activation of MR produces an enhancement while activation of GR produces a suppression in LTP . ^^^ In the present study we investigated the effects of MR and GR activation by adrenal steroids on synaptic plasticity of the hippocampal CA 1 field , but we studied this ex vivo , in a slice preparation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| DEX is assumed to predominantly activate glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) whereas CORT binds central nervous mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) as well as GR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The amygdala contains mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) involved in the arousal of salt appetite . ^^^ MR antisense oligomers also decreased MR but not GR in amygdala , whereas GR antisense oligomers decreased GR but not MR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptors in the rat hippocampus are linked to several cognitive functions of the animal and seem to play an important role in the response to various stressors . ^^^ Adrenalectomy 24 h before sacrificing is commonly used to clear the circulating adrenal steroids , and to facilitate their dissociation from hippocampal MR and GR . ^^^ Without dialysis , only GR can be measured in the cytosol from intact rats , while the corresponding pellet contains MR as a component of the cell nuclei . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| There are two types of steroid binding sites found in the brain : ( 1 ) mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) ; and ( 2 ) glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) . ^^^ The hippocampus expresses the highest density of both MR and GR relative to other brain regions , and has long been recognized as a principal component controlling HPA axis inhibition . ^^^ In the present study , we have examined if CORT induced anxiety occurs through an interaction with hippocampal MR or GR . ^^^ Adult , male Lister Hooded rats were implanted bilaterally with hippocampal cannulae , and received infusions of either the MR antagonist , spironolactone ( 150 ng ) , or the GR antagonist , RU 38486 ( 150 ng ) , either 10 min or 3 h prior to being tested in the Black White box . ^^^ There was no effect of MR blockade 3 h prior to testing , and GR antagonism produced no effects at either pretreatment time . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A consensus glucocorticoid response element ( GRE ) can mediate transactivation by AR and other members of the AR / glucocorticoid ( GR ) / progesterone ( PR ) / mineralocorticoid ( MR ) receptor subfamily . ^^^ To our knowledge , this is the first observation that a direct repeat of GRE like core motifs functions as a preferred hormone response element within the AR / GR / PR / MR subfamily of nuclear receptors . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Subsequent in vitro exposure of these striatal neurons to corticosterone or dexamethasone , simultaneously activating GR and mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) , about doubled this adaptive effect of previous in vivo morphine administration . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mineralocorticoid type receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) sites were measured separately with single point analysis applying a selective glucocorticoid ligand RU 28362 saturating GR . ^^^ Separate analysis of MR and GR expression indicated that the increment in the number of corticoid receptor sites was due to an increase in number of MRs in both the young and adult rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To examine relative MR vs . glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) function in a more physiological context , we compared transactivation by GR and MR in the standard experimental fibroblast CV 1 cell line , the renal epithelial LLC PK 1 line , and neuronal medullary raphe RN33B cells . ^^^ Maximal transactivational activity mediated by MR , relative to that mediated by GR , is enhanced in both of these cell lines and is primarily conferred by an N terminal mediated enhancement of the MR response . ^^^ These studies demonstrate that the specificity of the MR vs . the GR response may be mediated via unique cellular factors , as well as suggesting a novel means of expanding the cellular response to cortisol . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Their effects are mediated by the mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , respectively . ^^^ The present study was designed to determine how the two isoforms of the human GR , the `` classic ' ' GR alpha and the non hormone binding GR beta , interfere with the transcriptional effects of the hormone activated human MR . ^^^ MR mediated stimulation of transcription was enhanced by co transfection of the GR alpha expression vector . ^^^ In contrast , MR mediated stimulation of transcription was strongly inhibited by co transfection of equal amounts of the GR beta expression vector . ^^^ Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) showed expression of both GR isoforms as well as of MR in the human kidney . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effects of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids are mediated by the intracellular mineralocorticoid glucocorticoid receptor ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , respectively . ^^^ Several studies suggest that hormone binding and , thus , receptor activation depend on the association of both MR and GR with the 90 kDa heat shock protein ( hsp 90 ) . ^^^ The present study was designed to determine how the new hsp 90 binding agent geldanamycin , which was previously shown to disrupt the formation of steroid receptor / hsp complexes , interferes with MR and GR mediated transactivation in intact cells . ^^^ Both MR and GR bind as homodimers to identical palindromic sequences on the target DNA , termed glucocorticoid response elements ( GREs ) ( 18 ) . ^^^ The formation of GR / MR heterodimers has also been described ( 19 , 20 ) and may have profound functional consequences ( 21 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Glucocorticoids ( GCs ) act via intracellular mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) . ^^^ We have examined the ontogeny of 11beta HSD mRNAs and enzyme activity during prenatal brain development and correlated this with GR and MR mRNA development . ^^^ These data reveal that ( 1 ) 11beta HSD 2 mRNA is highly expressed in all CNS regions during midgestation , but expression is dramatically reduced during the third trimester except in the thalamus and cerebellum ; ( 2 ) 11beta HSD 2 like activity parallels closely the pattern of mRNA expression ; ( 3 ) 11beta HSD 1 mRNA is absent from the CNS until the the third trimester , and activity is low or undectectable ; and ( 4 ) GR mRNA is highly expressed throughout the brain from midgestation , but MR gene expression is absent until the last few days of gestation . ^^^ Late in gestation , repression of 11beta HSD 2 gene expression may allow increasing GC activation of GR and MR , permitting key GC dependent neuronal and glial maturational events . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Finally , principal components analysis ( PCA ) suggests that neuronal AMPA and NMDA receptor composition may be regulated by MR and GR activation in a complex manner . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Transcriptional activation of the integrated and transiently introduced promoter was achieved by the wild type GR or a chimeric receptor in which the MR hormone binding domain ( HBD ) replaced the GR HBD . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : We studied the effect of chronic unpredictable stress and antidepressant treatment on serotonin 1A ( 5 HT1A ) , glucocorticoid ( GR ) , anti mineralocorticoid ( MR ) receptor levels in rat hippocampus , using in situ hybridization and receptor autoradiography . ^^^ We also used in situ hybridization to quantify hippocampal 5 HT1A , GR , and MR messenger ( mRNA ) levels in a small group of suicide victims with a history of depression , compared to matched controls ( n = 6 ) . ^^^ In addition , chronic stress produced alterations on the MR / GR mRNA ratio in this same region . ^^^ The decreases in 5 HT1A mRNA and binding , as well as the MR / GR alterations , were prevented in animals that received imipramine or desipramine antidepressant treatment . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Alterations in hippocampal 5 HT1A levels and in the MR / GR balance may be one of the mechanisms by which stress may trigger and / or maintain depressive episodes . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the present study we have examined the effects of blocking mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) on theta activity in urethane anesthetized rats . ^^^ Rats were then administered either the MR antagonist spironolactone or the GR antagonist RU 38486 ( 150 ng ) , and DMPH stimulated activities were monitored for 45 min . ^^^ Hippocampal cholinergic theta activity is modulated by CORT acting through MR and GR , and the rapidity of the response suggests a nongenomic mechanism . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Decreased apparent affinity of corticosterone for colonic crypt glucocorticoid receptors is dependent on the cellular milieu and is distinct from corticosterone metabolism . [ 3H ] Steroid binding in intact colonic crypt cells and cytosol was compared to determine if 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ( 11betaHSD ) activity modulates access of corticosterone ( B ) to both glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) . ^^^ Cytosol from non adrenalectomized rat colonic crypt cells showed no 11betaHSD activity , and B bound with high affinity to both MR ( Kd=0 . 47+ / 0 . 03 nM ; Bmax=177+ / 34 fmol / mg protein ) and GR ( Kd=4 . 5+ / 0 . 3 nM ; Bmax=279+ / 40 fmol / mg protein ) . ^^^ In contrast , intact colonic crypt cells incubated with 25 30 nM [ 3H ] B for 90 min converted 62 % of B to 11 dehydrocorticosterone , with little binding to MR ( 14+ / 3 fmol / mg protein ) and GR ( 22+ / 5 fmol / mg protein ) . ^^^ These findings demonstrate not only that 11betaHSD modulates binding to both MR and GR in colonic crypt cells , but also that an additional mechanism ( s ) operating in whole cells but not in cytosol selectively reduces the affinity and capacity of colonic GR for both natural and synthetic ligands . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Since glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) are central to several aspects of brain and neuroendocrine development , we examined the hypothesis that development of central GR and MR systems takes place during fetal life , in species which give birth to mature young . ^^^ Levels of GR and MR mRNA were determined by in situ hybridization followed by computerized image analysis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this review , we have described the function of MR and GR in hippocampal neurons . ^^^ Dysregulation of this MR / GR balance brings neurons in a vulnerable state with consequences for regulation of the stress response and enhanced vulnerability to disease in genetically predisposed individuals . ^^^ The action depends on cellular context , which is in part determined by other signals that can activate their own transcription factors interacting with MR and GR . ^^^ Fine tuning of HPA regulation occurs through MR and GR mediated effects on the processing of information in higher brain structures . ^^^ These behavioral effects mediated by MR and GR are linked , but how they influence endocrine regulation is not well understood . 6 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In other tissues MR and the glucocorticoid receptor show overlapping physiological effects or may act together by forming a heterodimer . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In order to answer these questions , binding capacity of mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptors was determined in right and left hippocampi of mice previously selected for paw preference . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Hippocampal neuronal networks are known to integrate corticosteroid feedback via both , the MR and the classical glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this review , the authors describe : ( 1 ) the different types of glucocorticoid hormone receptors , on the cell membrane and two types inside the cell , the MR and GR ( mineralo and glucoreceptors ) ; ( 2 ) the synthesis of the hormones with the decisive role of the final enzymes , 11 beta hydroxylase and aldosterone synthetase ; ( 3 ) the increasing evidence for a cardiovascular steroid system in the vessels as well as in the myocardium . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Therefore , in this study , we examined immunohistochemical localization of 11betaHSD2 , MR , and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) in nonpathological human lungs from fetus to adult ( 8 weeks gestation to 55 yr of age ; n = 40 ) retrieved from pathology files . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using digoxigenin labeled complementary ribonucleic acid ( RNA ) probes and an in house 11betaHSD2 antiserum , we have analyzed the expression of 11betaHSD2 , MR , and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) in human fetal tissues of gestational age 6 17 weeks ( n=15 ) . 11BetaHSD2 expression was absent at gestational age 6+ weeks , but was expressed in abundance in many fetal tissues between 8 12 weeks . ^^^ Colocalization of 11betaHSD2 ( and GR mRNA ) with MR mRNA was observed principally within epithelial cells of collecting ducts , particularly after 16 weeks gestation when the pattern of distribution of 11betaHSD2 became more adult in nature . ^^^ The expression of MR mRNA in high abundance in bone suggests a role for corticosteroids in human bone development , and the low / absent expression of 11betaHSD2 at this site suggests that it is functionally acting as a GR . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| On the basis of suggestions that these disruptions ensue from changes in the hippocampal complement of corticosteroid ( mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid ) receptors ( MR and GR ) , we examined the availability of hippocampal MR and GR by measuring the in vivo uptake of 3H aldosterone and 3H dexamethasone ( selective MR and GR agonists , respectively ) ; MR and GR mRNA levels were also measured . ^^^ We observed age related declines in both the synthesis of MR and GR and the uptake of their respective ligands . ^^^ Whereas MR mRNA levels and ligand uptake declined in parallel , GR binding declined more steeply than GR mRNA . ^^^ This latter result , together with our finding that aged rats show impaired corticosteroid receptor mRNA and protein up regulation after corticosteroid withdrawal , indicates decreased transcription of MR and GR genes and posttranslational modification of GR mRNA during aging . ^^^ Given that corticosteroids can influence MR and GR synthesis and binding , and based on the finding that aged subjects show reduced basal secretion of corticosterone , we propose that this relative hypocorticalism may be responsible for the changes observed in MR and GR activity , which then leads to disturbances in neuroendocrine regulation and cognitive function in aged subjects . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors ( GR and MR ) play an important role in glucocorticoid negative feedback . ^^^ Abnormalities in negative feedback are found in depression and in post traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) , suggesting that GR and MR might be involved in the pathophysiology of these disorders . ^^^ In the current study , we examined hippocampal GR and MR mRNA distribution in the same animals that exhibited altered negative feedback following the SPS . ^^^ GR and MR mRNA distribution across hippocampal subfields was studied using in situ hybridization with 35S labelled cRNA probes . ^^^ Acute stress produced down regulation of GR and MR mRNA across all hippocampal subfields . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) are regulated by multiple factors including glucocorticoids themselves . ^^^ The study was performed in bilaterally adrenalectomized animals , in order to avoid potential drug induced changes in plasma corticosterone levels , which could secondarily regulate MR and GR . ^^^ We observed no change in the affinities of GR and MR sites in all the structures studied . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These effects were inhibited by systemic DEX , and the latter phenomenon was partially reversed by hippocampal implants of glucocorticoid ( GR ) and to a lesser degree by mineralocorticoid ( MR ) receptor antagonists . ^^^ These data indicate that GR and MR receptors in the hippocampus play a role in the glucocorticoid negative feedback on the HPA axis , although the hippocampus may have also a modulatory effect , which does not depend on glucocorticoids . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The final control of sodium balance takes place in the cortical collecting duct ( CCD ) of the nephron , where corticosteroid hormones regulate sodium reabsorption by acting through mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and / or glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptors . ^^^ Reverse transcription PCR experiments using rat MR primers , [ 3H ] aldosterone , and [ 3H ] dexamethasone binding and competition studies indicated that the mpkCCDc 14 cells exhibit specific MR and GR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In vitro kinetic experiments on kidney and liver cytosols from adrenalectomized pigs allowed to identify two distinct corticosteroid receptors referred to as mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptors . ^^^ The binding specificities were determined for kidney and hippocampal MR and for liver and hippocampal GR . ^^^ In hippocampus and peripheral tissues , cortisol showed a greater affinity for MR than for GR . ^^^ The MS pigs evidenced higher densities of hippocampal MR , while LW pigs had higher densities of pituitary GR . ^^^ Thus , this study suggests that a difference in the MR / GR balance in hippocampus and pituitary could be implicated in the different HPA activity between MS and LW pigs . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Long term treatment of the cell cultures with RU 39305 , a selective antagonist of glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) , but not with spironolactone , a selective antagonist of mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) , dose dependently decreased K+ stimulated dopamine release . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| At postnatal day 20 basal and stress induced adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( ACTH ) and CORT levels were measured as well as brain mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both these early regulatory and late anabolic type actions depend on the transcriptional regulation exerted by hormone activated mineralocorticoid and / or glucocorticoid receptors ( MR and / or GR ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the fetal guinea pig , rapid development of glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) occurs in concert with rapid brain growth . ^^^ Since nutrient availability has been associated with programming of endocrine function , we hypothesized that 48 h of maternal nutrient deprivation during rapid brain growth modifies the fetal endocrine environment and alters expression of GR and MR in the fetal brain . ^^^ In conclusion , 48 h of nutrient deprivation , activates the maternal , but not the fetal HPA axis , and decreases GR mRNA but not MR mRNA levels in the developing hypothalamus and limbic system . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The MR has greatest sequence identity with the better characterized glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , which is reflected in their overlapping ligand binding specificities . ^^^ To characterize ligand binding specificity , chimeras were made between the human MR and GR ligand binding domains ( LBDs ) . ^^^ Constructs that are activated by cortisol contain either amino acids 804 874 and 932 984 of the MR or amino acids 598 668 and 726 777 of the GR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Analysis of [ 3H ] CORT binding capacity measured after the learning tests revealed no differences in the hippocampal MR and GR concentration between non treated and treated animals . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have previously shown that the two types of adrenal steroid receptors , mineralocorticoid MR . and glucocorticoid GR . produce opposite effects on long term potentiation LTP . in the dentate gyrus in vivo . and CA 1 hippocampal field in vitro . ^^^ More specifically , MR activation enhanced and prolonged LTP , whereas GR activation suppressed LTP in these areas and also produced a long term depression LTD . of the synaptic response . ^^^ In the present experiment we investigated acute effects of MR and GR activation on LTP induction in the mossy fiber and commissural associational input to the CA 3 hippocampal field , since the mechanisms underlying LTP induction in these two pathways differ , the former being N methyl D aspartate receptor NMDAR . independent while the latter being NMDAR dependent . ^^^ ADX animals were acutely injected with either the specific MR agonist , aldosterone , the specific GR agonist RU 28362 or vehicle . ^^^ As observed in our previous study in the dentate gyrus , we found an enhancement and a suppression of LTP with MR and GR activation , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this report , we show that the opposing actions of MR and GR on neuronal survival result from their ability to differentially influence the expression of members of the bcl 2 gene family ; specifically , in the rat hippocampus , activation of GR induces cell death by increasing the ratio of the proapoptotic molecule Bax relative to the antiapoptotic molecules Bcl 2 or Bcl 10 ( L ) ; the opposite effect is observed after stimulation of MR . ^^^ In addition , we show that GR activation increases and MR activation decreases levels of the tumor suppressor protein p 53 ( a direct transcriptional regulator of bax and bcl 2 genes ) , thus providing new information on the early genetic events linking corticosteroid receptors with apoptosis in the nervous system . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Other factors play a role in mineralocorticoid selectivity : the MR itself , the possibility to form homodimers ( MR MR ) , or heterodimers ( with the glucocorticoid receptor ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This study analysed the regulation of cardiac mineraloreceptor ( MR ) and glucoreceptor ( GR ) in aldosterone salt treatment ( AST ) . ^^^ In contrast to MR , GR levels were also upregulated in both RV and kidney . ^^^ Therefore , MR level may be controlled by hemodynamical factors whereas that of GR depends upon glucocorticoids level . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In kidney and skin cytosol , [ 3H ] corticosterone binding was best fit with a model having a high affinity and a lower affinity site ; these sites are not consistent with the pharmacology of mammalian Type 1 ( MR ) and Type 2 ( GR ) receptors . [ 3H ] Corticosterone also bound to presumed CBG in plasma with high affinity ( Kd approximately 2 . 7 nM ) , but dexamethasone and androgens bound to plasma CBG with equivalently high affinity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticosteroids have specific effects on cardiac structure and function mediated by mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptors . ^^^ To see whether they might also be synthesized in the human cardiovascular system , we examined the expression of genes for steroidogenic enzymes as well as genes for GR , MR , and 11 hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ( 11 HSD 2 ; which maintains the specificity of MR ) . ^^^ Using RT PCR , messenger ribonucleic acids encoding cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme ( CYP11A ) , 3beta HSD 2 , 21 hydroxylase ( CYP 21 ) , 11beta hydroxylase ( CYP11B1 ) , GR , MR , and 11 HSD 2 were detected in all samples with the exception of the ventricles , which did not express CYP11B1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In ADX rats , administration of 5 HTP decreased hippocampal mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptor numbers 24 h later , while their respective mRNAs were unchanged and these effects of 5 HTP were mediated by 5 HT 2 receptors . ^^^ By contrast , fluoxetine treatment increased hippocampal MR and GR mRNAs and MR binding sites while GR number remained unchanged . ^^^ In ADX rats supplemented with corticosterone , 5 HTP and fluoxetine treatment had the same effects on corticosteroid receptors compared to those observed in non supplemented ADX rats : 5 HTP decreased hippocampal MR and GR and hypothalamic GR while fluoxetine treatment increased hippocampal MR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Selective effects on NGFI A , MR , GR and NGFI B hippocampal mRNA expression after chronic treatment with different subclasses of antidepressants in the rat . ^^^ In situ hybridization was used to study mRNAs encoding NGFI A , NGFI B and the glucocorticoid receptors , MR and GR . ^^^ MR mRNA expression was induced in hippocampal CA1 / CA2 subregions ( 27 37 % ) by all antidepressants , while moclobemide and 8 OH DPAT significantly increased GR gene expression mainly in the CA 1 region ( 31 44 % ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Gluco and mineralocorticoid receptors ( GR and MR ) act via common promoter elements but may exert different effects on gene regulation in various regions of the forebrain . ^^^ In order to separately analyse the role of GR and MR in the regulation of neurotrophic factor genes and their receptors , we used adrenalectomy and subsequent hormone injections in the rat as a model system . ^^^ We found that bFGF is regulated in CA 2 , CA 3 and dentate gyrus by GR and MR together , and in CA 1 , CA 4 and neocortex by GR alone . ^^^ FGF R 1 , FGF R 3 and NT 3 were only moderately affected by the hormone activation of GR and MR acting in concert or alone in the various regions . ^^^ Thus , the present findings suggest that the adrenal cortical system through GR and MR participate in the control of neurotrophic factor signalling in a highly subregion and cellular dependent manner . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present study investigated the role of mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) in the expression of habituation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal ( HPA ) axis response to stress . ^^^ On day 6 , 1 h prior to restraint stress , both restraint naive and repeatedly restrained rats were injected s . c . with either vehicle ( propylene glycol ) or one of three corticosteroid receptor antagonist treatments : selective MR antagonist ( RU 28318 or spironolactone ) , selective GR antagonist ( RU 40555 ) , or both MR and GR antagonists combined ( RU 28318 + RU 40555 ) . ^^^ Acute treatment with the combined MR and GR antagonists prevented the expression of habituation . ^^^ When tested alone , the MR antagonist also blocked the expression of corticosterone response habituation , whereas the GR antagonist had no effect . ^^^ Neither the MR , nor the GR antagonists alone , significantly altered the corticosterone response to restraint in rats exposed to restraint for the first time . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two distinct nuclear receptor types for corticosteroids were identified : mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) which mediate in a coordinate manner the steroid control of hypothalamus pituitary adrenal activity and behaviour . ^^^ Focus is on the balance of MR and GR mediated actions in control of homeostasis as a determinant of health and disease . ^^^ MR operates in pro active mode to prevent homeostatic disturbance , while additional GR activation promotes in reactive fashion recovery after stress . ^^^ An imbalance in MR and GR underlies behavioural deficits and neuroendocrine disturbances increasing vulnerability for stress related brain disorders . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The role of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors ( MR and GR , respectively ) in the regulation of serotonin receptors has not been clearly delineated . ^^^ We compared the effects of long term ( two week ) adrenalectomy ( no MR or GR activation ) and several hormone replacement protocols designed to stimulate MR selectively ( ALDO ) , MR and GR ( HCT ) , and continuous MR with cyclical GR activation ( SHAM adrenalectomy ) . 5 HT ( 1A ) and 5 HT ( 1B ) mRNAs were measured by in situ hybridization in hippocampus and raphe nuclei . ^^^ We conclude that both MR and GR play an integrated role in regulating 5 HT ( 1A ) mRNA levels in hippocampus while having no effect on 5 HT ( 1B ) mRNA levels under these conditions . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Because the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) is expressed together with the MR in aldosterone target cells , glucocorticoid hormones bound to GR may also intervene to modulate physiological functions in these cells . ^^^ They include the local metabolism of the glucocorticoid hormones into inactive derivatives by the enzyme 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ; the intrinsic properties of the MR that discriminate between ligands through differential contacts ; the possibility of forming homo or heterodimers between MR and GR , leading to differential transactivation properties ; and the interactions of MR and GR with other regulatory transcription factors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It involves both the MR and / or the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , depending on the retinoic or catecholamine induction pathway . ^^^ Our results demonstrate that MR and GR inhibit expression of UCP 1 and UCP 3 , thus participating in the control of energy expenditure . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in rat osteoblastic cells : pre receptor regulation of glucocorticoid responses in bone . 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ( 11 beta HSD ) acts as a pre receptor signaling mechanism for corticosteroids by regulating the access of active glucocorticoids to both glucocorticoid ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) . ^^^ This effect was blocked by the 11 beta HSD inhibitor , 18 beta glycyrrhetinic acid ( but not by GR or MR antagonists ) suggesting direct , allosteric regulation of 11 beta HSD 2 activity . ^^^ In addition to the established effects of 11 beta HSD 2 in protecting MR in the kidney and colon , our data suggest that 11 beta HSD 2 in bone represents an important pre receptor mechanism in determining ligand availability to GR . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To dissect the effects of corticosteroids mediated by the mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) in the central nervous system , we compared MR / mice , whose salt loss syndrome was corrected by exogenous NaCI administration , with GR / mice having a brain specific disruption of the GR gene generated by the Cre / loxP recombination system . ^^^ Neuropathological analyses revealed a decreased density of granule cells in the hippocampus of adult MR / mice but not in mice with disruption of GR . ^^^ Furthermore , adult MR / mice exhibited a significant reduction of granule cell neurogenesis to 65 % of control levels , possibly mediated by GR due to elevated corticosterone plasma levels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In HT 29 cells , a GR / mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) deficient colonic cell line with constitutive alpha ENaC expression , cotransfection with GR or MR restored aldosterone stimulated alpha ENaC gene transcription , although aldosterone had a functional preference for MR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both types 1 ( mineralocorticoid ) and 2 ( glucocorticoid ) receptors ( MR and GR , respectively ) participate in corticosteroid induced transcriptional repression of the 5 HT1A gene ; however , the precise mechanism is unclear . ^^^ In SN 48 neuronal cells that express MR , GR , and 5 HT1A receptors , deletion or inactivation of the nGRE ( negative GRE ) eliminated negative regulation of the rat 5 HT1A or heterologous promoters by corticosteroids , whereas its inclusion conferred corticosteroid induced inhibition to a heterologous promoter . ^^^ Bacterially expressed recombinant MR and GR preferentially bound to the nGRE as a heterodimer , as identified in nuclear extracts of MR / GR transfected COS 7 cells , and with higher affinity than MR or GR homodimers . ^^^ In SN 48 and COS 7 cells , concentration dependent coactivation of MR and GR was required for maximal inhibitory action by corticosteroids and was abrogated in the L501P GR mutant lacking DNA binding activity . ^^^ Corticosteroid mediated transcriptional inhibition was greater for MR / GR in combination than for MR or GR alone . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have used human placental bed biopsies and an in vitro cytotrophoblast cell culture system to examine the expression and activity of the 11 beta HSD isoforms along with that of the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors ( GR and MR ) . ^^^ In primary cultures of human cytotrophoblast , 11 beta HSD 2 , GR and MR mRNA were expressed . ^^^ The presence of functional MR and GR was determined using Scatchard analyses of dexamethasone and aldosterone binding ( MR K ( d ) 1 . 4 nmol / l B ( max ) 3 . 0 ; GR K ( d ) 6 . 6 nmol / l B ( max ) 16 . 2 fmol / ng protein ) . ^^^ The presence of the MR within trophoblast indicates that some of the effects of cortisol could be MR rather than GR mediated . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Since CS binds to two central corticosteroid receptors , the mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and the glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptors , involvement of MR and GR in the modulation of anxiogenic responses was assessed in the EPM . ^^^ Removal of the adrenals also inhibited the anxiogenic like effect , which was restored by either Dex ( 1 . 25 microg / kg s . c . ) , the MR agonist deoxycorticosterone ( 0 . 8 mg / kg s . c . ) or CS , the common endogenous agonist of MR and GR ( 5 mg / kg s . c . ) administered 1 h before stress . ^^^ Intracerebroventricular infusion to intact animals 15 min before restraint of either a selective GR antagonist ( A GR , RU 38486 , 100 ng / 2 microl ) , a selective MR antagonist ( A MR , RU 28318 , 100 ng / 2 microl ) or a combination of A GR and A MR ( 100 ng of each one / 2 microl ) , abolished the stress induced anxiogenic like effect . ^^^ The present findings indicate that both MR and GR are involved in the long term CS modulation of the anxiety response induced by restraint . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Glucocorticoids bind to hippocampal mineralo ( MR ) and gluco ( GR ) corticoid receptors and , at high concentrations ( e . g . as seen following treatment with pharmacological doses of corticosteroids or during stress ) , may affect hippocampal neuronal function . ^^^ This experiment investigated the effect of a single intravenous ( i . v . ) injection of the synthetic glucocorticoid , dexamethasone ( Dex , 5 mg kg ( 1 ) ) on gene expression for MR s , GR s , BDNF , trkB , and selected ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits ( iGluRs ) , in the porcine hippocampus . ^^^ However , gene expression for MR s , GR s , trkB and iGluRs was unaffected at this time point . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The actions of these hormones are mediated by their specific intracellular receptors : the glucocorticoid ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid ( MR ) receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Glycyrrhetinic acid abolished glucocorticoid metabolism and inhibited cell growth by 40 % , the latter at concentrations consistent with glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and MR binding studies . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It is not known if MR protein is present in human bone and little is known of GR isoform expression ( GRalpha and GRbeta ) . ^^^ GR and MR protein expression and possible sites of action were investigated in neonatal rib and adult iliac crest biopsy specimens using antibodies specific for MR , GRalpha , and GRalphabeta . ^^^ Identification of MR raises the possibility that the physiological and pharmacologic effects of glucocorticoids on bone may be mediated via MR as well as GR and that GRalpha , GRbeta , and MR synergize to influence corticosteroid metabolism in human bone . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Coexpression of hMRDelta 5 , 6 with human MR or human GR increases their transactivation potential at high doses of hormone . ^^^ Ligand independent transactivation and enhancement of both wild type MR and GR activities by hMRDelta 5 , 6 suggests that this new variant might play a role in modulating corticosteroid effects in target tissues . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This is mediated in a coordinated manner by mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) via activation or repression of target genes . ^^^ The aim of this study was to identify , using serial analysis of gene expression ( SAGE ) , CORT responsive hippocampal genes regulated via MR and / or GR . ^^^ Comparison of MR and GR dependent expression profiles revealed that the majority of the CORT responsive genes were regulated either by activated MR or by activated GR , while only a few genes were responsive to both activated MR and GR . ^^^ This indicates that the molecular basis for the differential effects of activated MR and GR is activation or repression of distinct , yet partially overlapping sets of genes . ^^^ The putative CORT responsive genes identified here will provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential and sometimes opposing effects of MR and GR on neuronal excitability , memory formation and behaviour as well as their role in neuronal protection and damage . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using high throughput technologies for the identification of genes regulated by glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and MR in brain areas responsible for specific symptoms of stress related disorders will yield potential new drug targets for the treatment of depression and anxiety . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The expressions of brain GR and MR in vehicle or leptin treated neonates were determined by in situ hybridization and Western blotting . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| MR and the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) show high homology in their DNA binding domain and have similar affinities to mineralo and glucocorticoids . ^^^ These data show that MR is no prerequisite for the activation of ENaC transcription and activity , and that the respective mechanisms can be stimulated via GR . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the shaker 2 mouse , using the C57Bl mouse as a normal control , immunohistochemical staining of mineralo and glucocorticoid receptors ( MR and GR ) and the Na , K ATPase subunits alpha 1 , alpha 3 and beta 1 showed a weaker reaction in all structures of the cochlea . ^^^ Immunostaining of MR , GR and the different Na , K ATPase subunits in this mouse was considerably weaker in the SV , while staining intensities were normal in the remaining cochlea . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The ability of cells to directly respond to glucocorticoids and aldosterone is a function of GR and MR expression , and coexpression of 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases ( 11betaHSDs ) , which convert glucocorticoids and their 11 ketometabolites into either receptor inactive or active derivatives . ^^^ The aim of the present study was to determine the cellular expression of GR , MR , 11betaHSD1 , and 11betaHSD2 in neonatal rat heart and determine the role these enzymes play in modulating glucocorticoid and aldosterone action . ^^^ Ribonuclease protection analysis and steroid binding assays showed that GR is expressed in both cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts , whereas MR is expressed only in myocytes . 11betaHSD2 was not detected in cardiac cells , but 11betaHSD1 was expressed at high levels in both cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts . ^^^ In both cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts , aldosterone stimulated serum and glucocorticoid induced kinase gene expression exclusively via GR , but not MR , indicating that aldosterone can have glucocorticoid like actions in heart . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Chronic psychosocial stress regulates the expression of both GR and MR mRNA in the hippocampal formation of tree shrews . ^^^ By in situ hybridization studies and semiquantitative evaluation of stress induced changes of GR and MR mRNA expression at the single cell level , brain tissue from subordinate animals which were exposed to 27 days ( 1 h / day ) of social confrontation was compared to that of nonstressed animals . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , we studied mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptor gene expression in the hippocampus and GR gene expression in the hypothalamus using real time PCR . ^^^ In addition , there was no significant difference in the expression of MR and GR in the hippocampus or GR in the hypothalamus between the control and group D . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the present article , we report on two studies performed in young human populations which tested the cognitive impact of glucocorticoids ( GC ) in situations of decreased or increased ratio of mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptor occupation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A simpler reporter , TAT 3 luc , containing three copies of the tyrosine aminotransferase glucocorticoid response element ( GRE ) , was responsive when transfected into CORL 103 cells with GR , MR and PR expression vectors and activated with their respective ligands . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Effect of early glucocorticoid treatment on MR and GR in late gestation ovine kidney . ^^^ BACKGROUND : The ontogeny of the renal mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptors in the ovine fetus , and the effects of early exposure to synthetic or natural glucocorticoids on the expression of these genes in late gestation were examined . ^^^ Ligand binding was used to determine both GR and MR protein levels in all 130 day old fetuses and adults . ^^^ RESULTS : No significant changes in the expression of either renal MR or GR were detected throughout gestation . ^^^ There was a significant increase in both fetal MR and GR mRNA expression , but not protein levels in kidneys from ewes pretreated with dexamethasone . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The aim of the present study was to investigate the modulatory action of different concentrations of circulating corticosterone occupying either predominantly mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) or both MR and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) in control of cardiovascular responses to a novelty stressor . ^^^ These data show an important role of putative brain MR in maintaining adequate cardiovascular and behavioural responsiveness to a mild psychological stressor , while additional acute or chronic occupation of GR has further differential and sometimes opposing effects . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To investigate the role of brain glucocorticoid ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) in centrally evoked blood pressure responses , the effects of intracerebroventricular ( i . c . v . ) administration of angiotensin 2 and vasopressin were studied in adrenalectomized rats with and without corticosterone or aldosterone replacement . ^^^ We conclude that the pressor response to centrally administered vasoactive substances is substantially attenuated by removal of the adrenals and that , in the case of angiotensin 2 , this is due to the lack of high concentrations of circulating corticosterone occupying both MR and GR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| They have profound effects on brain function , which are mediated by the related mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptors . ^^^ The MR and GR are ligand activated transcription factors and exert different , sometimes opposing effects on the brain . ^^^ These characteristics make coregulator proteins of outstanding interest as determinants of receptor , cell and state dependent effects of MR and GR signalling ( and steroid receptor signalling in general ) in the brain . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Prenatal cortisol treatment led to up regulation of angiotensinogen , AT 1 , MR , and GR mRNA in the hippocampus in fetuses at 130 days of gestation but not in the animals at 2 months of age . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors ( GR and MR ) share considerable structural and functional homology and bind as homodimers to hormone response elements . ^^^ We have shown previously that MR and GR can form heterodimers that inhibit transcription from a glucocorticoid ( GC ) responsive gene and that this inhibition was mediated by the N terminal domain ( NTD ) of MR . ^^^ Importantly , gel shift and immunoprecipitation analyses revealed a direct association between the GR and amino acids 203 603 of NTD MR . ^^^ Thus , NTD MR may mediate GC effects through heterodimerization with GR and ensuing inhibition of GC regulated gene transcription . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The objective was to determine whether chronic glucocorticoid treatment would alter the expression of mRNAs for gluco and mineralocorticoid receptors ( GR and MR ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , its receptor , trkB , and selected ionotropic glutamate receptor ( iGluR ) subunits in the hippocampus . ^^^ Although Dex did not alter GR message , the higher dose reduced MR mRNA in all hippocampal subfields studied . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| As rats age , a subgroup will show spatial memory impairments , along with decreased corticosteroid receptors ( MR and / or GR ) in the hippocampus and a hyperactive hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis . ^^^ MR mRNA expression was reduced with ageing in all hippocampal subfields except CA 4 ( 35 % decrease in dentate gyrus ( DG ) and CA 2 , P < 0 . 05 ) and GR mRNA was decreased selectively in CA 1 ( 17 % decrease , P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ Fluoxetine treatment increased GR mRNA in the hippocampus of young rats ( 24 and 46 % increase in DG and CA 3 , respectively , P < 0 . 01 ) but had no effect on hippocampal MR mRNA expression . ^^^ In contrast , in aged rats , fluoxetine treatment increased hippocampal MR mRNA selectively in CA 2 ( 43 % increase , P < 0 . 05 ) , but had no effect on hippocampal GR mRNA . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticosteroid hormones regulate many aspects of neural function via mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) . ^^^ Although GR expression is negatively regulated by endogenous corticosteroids , the autologous regulation of MR expression has been less well studied , partly due to limitations of receptor binding assays that can not measure the ligand activated form of MR . ^^^ Compared with GR , we see a more rapid regulation of MR , such that there is a substantial increase in MR protein within 12 h after adrenalectomy , whereas GR levels show very little increase until more than 24 h after adrenalectomy . ^^^ Also , in contrast to GR , which has been found to be regulated by both MR and GR , adrenalectomy induced increase in MR was prevented by treatment with the MR selective agonist , aldosterone , but not the GR selective agonist , RU 28362 . ^^^ These results support the prospect that MR as well as GR can participate in the transduction of phasic corticosteroid signals . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Maternal deprivation resulted in a down regulation of GR , MR , CRH and POMC transcript in the brain . ^^^ However , maternally deprived 18 day old pups displayed increased levels of CRH and POMC transcript , while GR and MR mRNA was also down regulated . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neither the minerolocorticoid receptor ( MR ) nor the pregnane 10 receptor ( PXR ) showed compensatory up regulation in GR / mice . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : Negative feedback regulation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis occurs through a dual receptor system of mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) . ^^^ Because major depression is accompanied by increased glucocorticoid secretion and insensitivity to glucocorticoid feedback , and because glucocorticoids are capable of down regulating MR and GR , we expected that major depression would be accompanied by decreased MR activity . ^^^ Paired with the body of evidence regarding decreased sensitivity to GR agonists , these data suggest an imbalance in the MR / GR ratio . ^^^ The balance of MR and GR is known to affect brain serotonin systems and may play an etiologic role in serotonin receptor changes observed in patients with major depression . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| First , corticosterone , which appears to be the preferred glucocorticoid for the rodent and human brain , acts via brain mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) on the expression of networks of corticosteroid responsive genes . ^^^ Different effects are achieved by MR and GR activation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Substitution at the C 10 position of the tetracyclic core with linear , two atom appendages ( OCH ( 3 ) , OCF ( 2 ) H , NHMe , SMe , CH=CH ( 2 ) , Ctbd 1 ; CH , CH ( 2 ) OH ) provided molecules of high affinity ( K ( 1 ) = 2 8 nM ) for the human glucocorticoid receptor ( hGR ) with limited cross reactivity with other steroid receptors ( PR , MR , AR , ER ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The aim of these studies was to characterize the ovine corticosteroid receptors ( MR , mineralocorticoid receptors and GR , glucocorticoid receptors ) in ovine hippocampus and brainstem . ^^^ RT PCR , immunoblotting and pharmacologic studies indicated the presence of both MR and GR in hippocampus and brainstem . ^^^ Differences in receptor availability in intact and adrenalectomized ewes , along with determination of the binding affinity ( K ( d ) ) of MR and GR , suggested that MR occupancy is about 90 % , whereas GR occupancy is about 30 % , in normal animals . ^^^ There was a significant increase in protein level of MR in brainstem , and the appearance of a higher molecular weight band for MR in hippocampus following steroid withdrawal , however no significant change in mRNA was detected by semiquantitative RT PCR for either MR or GR in hippocampus or brainstem following steroid withdrawal . ^^^ These studies suggest that physiological ligands of MR in the sheep brain include progesterone and cortisol , and that , as in other species , affinity of MR for cortisol is greater than that of GR . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Since corticosterone activates both the mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptors , the aim of this study was to determine the importance of MRs in the regulation of colorectal hypersensitivity through the use of aldosterone that preferentially binds to MRs . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Aldosterone exerts its effects through interactions with two types of binding sites , the mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and the glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRH and AVP receptors are found in hippocampus and anterior pituitary , where mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptors are abundant . ^^^ We investigated the possible influence of CRH and AVP on the regulation of MR and GR in both tissues . ^^^ Repeated i . c . v . oCRH injections ( 10 microgram ) for 5 days significantly decreased MR and GR mRNA in hippocampus and MR mRNA in anterior pituitary . ^^^ In anterior pituitary , 5 microgram / day significantly decreased MR binding , while 10 microgram / day significantly increased GR binding . ^^^ Under the same conditions of stress , the infusion of 15 microgram / day of the vasopressin V1a / 1b receptor antagonist [ dP Tyr ( Me ) ( 2 ) AVP ] significantly increased MR and GR binding in hippocampus and anterior pituitary ; 5 microgram / day significantly decreased pituitary MR binding . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the current study we demonstrated that glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) exhibit sex differences in their temporal and spatial expression during fetal and early postnatal life . ^^^ During development , we observed decreased GR mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus , decreased MR mRNA and MR protein in the hippocampus , and increased GR mRNA and GR protein in the hippocampus . ^^^ The sex differences in the pattern of GR and MR expression during development may indicate different windows of vulnerability to prenatal glucocorticoid exposure in fetal life . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We hypothesized that altered central expression of glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) , mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) , and / or 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 ( 11betaHSD1 ) contribute to these changes . ^^^ We conclude that lower levels of MR , but not GR , contribute to the increased HPA activity in the obese Zucker rats and that this seems more influential during stress than in the basal state . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated whether the level of dietary NaCl intake influenced the expression and tissue distribution of 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 ( 11betaHSD 2 ) , aldosterone receptor ( MR ) , and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) in rat colon , kidney , and cardiovascular tissue . ^^^ The MR mRNA level was decreased , whereas GR mRNA was unaltered in distal colon . ^^^ MR , GR , and 11betaHSD 2 mRNAs were not changed in kidney cortex and medulla , left cardiac ventricle , and aorta . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Fluoxetine increased levels of mineralocorticoid ( MR ) ( 17 % ) , glucocorticoid ( GR ) ( 18 % ) , and 5 HT ( 1A ) receptor ( 21 % ) mRNAs in the hippocampus at 8 , but not 2 , weeks . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RT PCR for 11beta HSDs , glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors ( GR , MR ) was performed on human ciliary body tissue . ^^^ RESULTS : ISH defined expression of 11beta HSD 1 in the ciliary epithelium , while RT PCR analysis of ciliary body tissue confirmed expression of 11beta HSD 1 , with additional GR and MR , but not 11beta HSD 2 expression . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticosteroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex are implicated in both modes through their high affinity type 1 ( mineralocorticoid receptors MR ) and lower affinity type 2 ( glucocorticoid receptors GR ) receptors that are co localised in limbic neural circuitry . ^^^ Current data suggest that MR controls in specific afferents the threshold or sensitivity of the fast CRH 1 driven stress system mode and thus prevents disturbance of homeostasis , while GR facilitates its recovery by restraining in these very same circuits stress responses and by mobilising energy resources . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , Chinese hamster ovary ( CHO ) cells normally devoid of EGFR or MR express EGFR after transfection with human MR ( CHO MR cells ) but not after transfection with human glucocorticoid receptor ( CHO GR cells ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The structural basis of MR interactions with aldosterone has been examined by creating chimeras of the MR and the closely related glucocorticoid receptor ; we have exploited differences in ligand binding specificity to determine the region ( s ) of the MR that confer aldosterone binding specificity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We examined the effects of acute and repeated methamphetamine ( 4 mg / kg ) treatments on the regulation of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors ( GR mRNA ) and mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR mRNA ) in F 344 and LEW rats . ^^^ Our results showed that acute treatment with methamphetamine ( MAP ) does not alter the level of expression of GR or MR mRNA in both strains . ^^^ However , repeated treatments with MAP decreased the expression of hippocampal GR , but not MR mRNA specifically in F 344 rats . ^^^ The same repeated treatments had no effect on either GR or MR mRNA in LEW rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Transient transfections demonstrated that PIAS 1 is a corepressor of aldosterone activated MR transactivation but has no significant effect on human glucocorticoid receptor transactivation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effects of opiate dependence and antagonist precipitated withdrawal on glucocorticoid ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid ( MR ) receptor mRNA levels in the rat brain were studied . ^^^ By contrast , neither chronic morphine exposure nor injection of naloxone in morphine naive animals affected GR or MR mRNA levels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Then , a second experiment investigated the possible differential expression of corticosteroid receptors ( MR and GR ) and cell adhesion molecules ( NCAM and L 1 ) in the hippocampus of HR and LR rats , both under basal conditions and after exposure to chronic social stress . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Determinants of binding specificity of spironolactone to the MR were investigated using chimeras created between the ligand binding domains ( LBDs ) of the MR and the GR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptors are two closely related members of the steroid nuclear receptor family of transcription factors that bind common ligands in the brain ( corticosterone and cortisol ) and supposedly have identical hormone response elements . ^^^ One plausible explanation is that they differentially recruit proteins ( coregulators or other receptor interacting factors ) through cell specific interactions with regions that diverge between MR and GR to modulate target gene transcription in a receptor specific manner . ^^^ In transient transactivation assays , DAXX and FLASH influenced MR and GR driven transcription of the MMTV Luc reporter similarly ; in contrast , although FAF 1 did not transactivate GR , it did selectively stimulate MR mediated transcription . ^^^ Thus , the present findings , that 1 ) DAXX , FLASH , and FAF 1 modulate the transcriptional activities of MR and GR and that 2 ) FAF 1 selectively coactivates only MR , provide possible clues for how these closely related receptors might differentially influence neuronal function . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Certain mouse strains with specific alterations of GR or MR expression may represent genetic models of depression or at least have a predisposition to develop a depressive or a depression resistant state upon exposure to stress . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here , we examine the ability of the 11beta hydroxyglucocorticoids Dex and cortisol and their 11 keto forms 11 ketodexamethasone ( 11 ketoDex ) and cortisone to bind to glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) and to mediate nuclear translocation and transactivation of a reporter gene . ^^^ Transactivation of MR by Dex or 11 ketoDex was weak or undetectable , despite efficient binding and induction of nuclear translocation . 11beta HSD 2 protects MR and GR from inappropriate occupation by cortisol ; it is , however , unable to prevent activation of GR by 11 ketoDex . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Only glucocorticoids and aldosterone were effective at low nanomolar concentrations , suggesting involvement of both type 1 ( mineralocorticoid ) and type 2 ( glucocorticoid ) receptors ( MR and GR , respectively ) . ^^^ ZK 98299 and spironolactone ( GR and MR antagonists , respectively ) when used alone were unable to block corticosterone or aldosterone ( 2 nm ) induced somatotroph differentiation . ^^^ GR protein was detected in pituitary extracts as early as embryonic d 8 , whereas MR protein was readily detectable only around d 12 . ^^^ GR were expressed in greater than 95 % of all pituitary cells , whereas MR were expressed in about 40 % of all pituitary cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have exploited the close structural and functional similarity of the MR with the glucocorticoid receptor to identify the regions in the MR that confer ligand binding specificity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , corticosterone treatment has not shown a consistent effect on mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) in the hippocampus , and it has been rarely assessed in the anterior pituitary . ^^^ In this study we investigated dose dependent effects of corticosterone on MR and GR mRNAs in the hippocampus and anterior pituitary . ^^^ In the hippocampus we found a progressive decrease in MR and GR mRNAs with increasing doses of corticosterone . ^^^ This was significant with 50 and 100 mg corticosterone for MR mRNA and with 10 200 mg corticosterone for GR mRNA at plasma corticosterone levels above 30 microg / dl . ^^^ A time course with 2 mg of corticosterone ( non response dose range at 4 h ) revealed a significant decrease in MR and GR mRNAs in the hippocampus 8 h after the subcutaneous injection . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Patients were stratified by prosthetic material as follows : Gore Tex ( GR ) , Marlex + Gore Tex ( MG ) , Marlex ( MR ) , and Marlex + Vicryl ( MV ) . ^^^ GR group ( 6 ; 66 . 7 % ) had a significant higher wound IF rate than MR group ( 8 ; 26 . 7 % ) ( Chi P = 0 . 02 , Fisher P = 0 . 047 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neuroendocrine response of isolates was examined by measuring basal and stress release of ACTH and corticosterone and by evaluating the mRNA expression of mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptors using in situ hybridization . ^^^ Finally , the mRNA expression of MR and GR was not modified by SI . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , activation of glucocorticoid ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) inhibits apoptosis in various systems . ^^^ In this study , we investigated the role of GR and MR during TGF beta 1 induced hepatocyte apoptosis , and identified additional antiapoptotic targets for UDCA . ^^^ Our results showed that in primary hepatocytes , TGF beta 1 induced 40 50 % decreases in gr and mr mRNA expression ( p < 0 . 01 ) , together with up to 10 fold reductions in their protein levels ( p < 0 . 01 ) . ^^^ Notably , pretreatment with UDCA resulted in a significant upregulation of nuclear steroid receptors ( p < 0 . 05 ) , which coincided with 2 and 3 fold increases in the level of GR and MR nuclear translocation , respectively , when compared with that of TGF beta 1 alone ( p < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ Similarly , TUDCA induced GR and MR nuclear translocations ( p < 0 . 05 ) and markedly prevented MR protein changes associated with TGF beta 1 ( p < 0 . 05 ) without affecting GR protein levels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) are the main mediators of stress response and learning / memory processes . ^^^ We studied the performance of male and female rats on a hippocampal dependent spatial task after 21 days of restraint in relation to the stress induced changes of GR and MR status in their hippocampi . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The responsible dipeptides were found as negative YS and positive SY , GR , MR , and KR . ^^^ Compared with the known crystal structures of the G / 11 xylanase , YS was found mostly in the turn area of beta strands of S / T surface ; and SY was found in the inner part of beta strands of the S / T area near to the active site of proton donor ; and the GR , MR , and KR in the coil region connecting `` finger ' ' to the alpha helix . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Such functional differences in corticosteroid receptor pathways between Brown Norway and Fischer 344 rats led us to compare the effect of ADX and MR / GR mediated actions on sodium and potassium excretion between these two rat strains . ^^^ Our data illustrate : ( 1 ) the very limited effect of ADX on body weight , food and fluid intake , diuresis , natriuresis , kaliuresis and salt appetite in Brown Norway rats , supporting the presence of MR signalling pathways in the absence of adrenal steroids in these rats ; ( 2 ) the insensitivity of MR to aldosterone in intact Brown Norway rats , and the reduced sensitivity of MR to aldosterone in ADX Brown Norway rats compared with ADX Fischer 344 rats ; and ( 3 ) the greater sensitivity of GR related mechanisms to RU 28362 in Brown Norway than in Fischer 344 rats in terms of body weight gain and electrolyte excretion . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Replacement with CS ( 20 400 microg / ml in drinking water ) in adrenalectomized ( ADX ) animals was utilized to examine how the selective activation of mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptors is related to the behavioral impairments induced by inescapable shock ( IS ) . ^^^ Available MR and GR levels were determined in hippocampal cytosol by radioligand binding assays . ^^^ A CS does of 100 microg / ml given to ADX animals markedly reduced escape failures and resulted in an almost total reduction of available MR associated with a partial reduction of GR . ^^^ Hence , along with a moderate reduction of available GR level in the cytosol , a large decrease in MR availability seems to be necessary to prevent the acquisition and expression of LH . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Determinants of binding specificity of eplerenone to the MR were investigated using chimeras created between the ligand binding domains ( LBD ) of the MR and the GR . ^^^ Eplerenone competed strongly for [ ( 3 ) H ] dexamethasone binding to a MR / GR chimera containing amino acids 804 874 of the MR and weakly to a chimera containing amino acids 672 803 of the MR . ^^^ Modelling of eplerenone binding to the MR LBD , based on the GR LBD crystal structure , suggests that amino acids 820 844 affect the overall shape of the ligand binding pocket and that eplerenone acts as an MR antagonist because it fails to stabilize the active conformation of the receptor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Another type is receptor specificity : responses mediated by the N terminal part of the MR , but not the GR , were augmented by SRC 1e at synergizing response elements . ^^^ SRC fragment SRC ( 988 1240 ) by the MR but not the GR N terminal fragment in a 1 hybrid assay . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using immunohistochemistry , we examined the expression of glucocorticoid ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid ( MR ) receptors during adult hippocampal neurogenesis . ^^^ In young mice only 27 % of dividing cells in the subgranular zone expressed GR , whereas 4 weeks after division 87 % had become positive for GR and MR . ^^^ GR was expressed by 50 % of the radial glia like type 1 and type 2a progenitor cells , whereas MR was expressed only by mature calbindin positive granule cells . ^^^ Doublecortin positive neuronal progenitor cells ( type 2b ) and early postmitotic calretinin positive neurons were devoid of GR and MR expression . ^^^ Thus , all subpopulations of dividing precursor cells showed an identical receptor profile ( 50 % GR , no MR ) , except for type 2b cells , which expressed neither receptor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Maternal infusion of dexamethasone for 48 h early in gestation results in upregulation of mRNA for mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid ( MR and GR ) receptors and angiotensin 2 receptors in ovine fetal kidneys late in gestation . ^^^ This suggests that changes in mRNA for MR and GR in kidneys of dexamethasone exposed fetuses do not result in functional differences and highlights the renin angiotensin system , as reported previously , as more important in this model . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| For this purpose , the role of mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) in control of HPA activity was examined during the SHRP and in response to 24 h of maternal deprivation . ^^^ Nondeprived or deprived ( 24 h ) CD 1 mice on postnatal d 8 were injected sc at 16 and 8 h before testing with the MR antagonist RU 28318 or the GR antagonist RU 38486 . ^^^ The results showed that , in nondeprived mice , blockade of GR rather than MR triggered a profound increase in anterior pituitary proopiomelanocortin mRNA , circulating ACTH , and corticosterone concentrations . ^^^ Blockade of the GR during the deprivation period amplified the rise in corticosterone induced by maternal deprivation , whereas it reversed the deprivation effect on the other HPA markers , leading to profound increases in plasma ACTH , proopiomelanocortin mRNA expression in the anterior pituitary , CRH mRNA expression in the paraventricular nucleus , and MR mRNA expression in the hippocampus , but not in GR mRNA expression in the hippocampus and paraventricular nucleus . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Subsequent analysis of brain tissues revealed NBI 30775 induced increases in the nuclear translocation of glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) and BAG 1 , an upregulation of mRNA transcripts encoding GR , mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) and CRH R 1 , and a suppression of the DNA binding activity of the transcription factor AP 1 . ^^^ Molecules such as GR , MR , BAG 1 and AP 1 have been identified as some of the drug ' s intracellular targets ; interestingly , changes in these molecules have also been seen in response to conventional antidepressants , showing that structurally and mechanistically unrelated anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs can influence common downstream pathways . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The third MR NLS ( NL 1 ) is a bipartite basic motif localized to the C terminus of the MR DNA binding domain with properties distinct from those of NL 1 of the closely related glucocorticoid receptor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Aldosterone controls sodium balance by regulating an epithelial sodium channel ( ENaC ) mediated sodium transport along the aldosterone sensitive distal nephron , which expresses both mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) . ^^^ Mineralocorticoid specificity is ensured by 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 , which metabolizes cortisol or corticosterone into inactive metabolites that are unable to bind MR and / or GR . ^^^ The fractional occupancy of MR and GR by aldosterone mediating the sodium transport response in the aldosterone sensitive distal nephron can not be studied in vivo . ^^^ For answering this question , a novel mouse cortical collecting duct cell line ( mCCD ( cl 1 ) ) , which expresses significant levels of MR and GR and a robust aldosterone sodium transport response , was used . ^^^ Within the physiologic range of aldosterone concentrations , sodium transport is predicted to be controlled by MR occupancy during circadian cycles and by MR and GR occupancy during salt restriction or acute stress . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We also discovered that cortisol , the preferred physiological ligand for the glucocorticoid receptor in humans , is a partial MR agonist / antagonist , providing a possible molecular explanation of the tissue selective effects of glucocorticoids on MR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Interestingly , hypoglycemia decreased hippocampal MR mRNA in control , insulin , and phloridzin treated diabetic rats but not uncontrolled diabetic rats , whereas glucocorticoid receptor mRNA was not altered by hypoglycemia . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| As a result , some apparent similarities with the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) have shaded MR ' s own specificities . ^^^ In this review , after an overview of MR characteristics , the multiple levels of MR selectivity over other steroid receptors , in particular GR , will be described as well as the consequences for aldosterone regulated gene expression . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To this end , a primary postnatal hippocampal culture system containing mature neurons and expressing both glucocorticoid ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid ( MR ) receptors was developed . ^^^ GR mediated cell death was counteracted by the MR agonist aldosterone ( ALDO ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the rat , gestational stress and excess maternal and fetal plasma corticosterone cause downregulation of fetal glucocorticoid ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid ( MR ) receptors and impair the feedback regulation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal ( HPA ) axis in infancy and adulthood . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mutations swapping a single residue at position 848 from helix H 7 between MR and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) switch their hormone specificity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Lifr / mice demonstrate elevated pituitary glucocorticoid ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid ( MR ) receptor mRNA and protein levels , indicating the importance of LIF signaling for HPA axis development . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have explored the possible mechanisms by which mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptors regulate the response to freshwater transfer in the gills of the euryhaline killifish Fundulus heteroclitus . ^^^ Killifish were implanted with RU 486 ( GR antagonist ) or spironolactone ( MR antagonist ) at doses of 0 . 1 1 . 0 mg g ( 1 ) , and subsequently transferred from 10 per thousand brackish water to freshwater . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The exact mechanisms by which corticoids mediate such regulation are unknown , but corticoids are believed to act through the receptors for mineralocorticoids ( MR ) and glucocorticoids ( GR ) . ^^^ Blockade of MR with spironolactone in adrenalectomised male rats implanted with a corticosterone pellet to reproduce basal levels enhanced proliferation , whereas treatment with the GR antagonist mifepristone had no effect . ^^^ Both aldosterone and RU 362 , agonists of MR and GR , respectively , reduced proliferation in adrenalectomised rats , and combined treatment with both agonists had an additional suppressive action . ^^^ Although a small proportion of newly formed cells may express GR and MR , corticosterone probably regulates proliferation indirectly through other local cells . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Three prediction rules for PE have been described recently : Wells ' rule ( WR ) , Geneva rule ( GR ) and Miniati ' rule ( MR ) . ^^^ The frequencies of PE in each method ( WR , GR and MR ) were 5 % , 64 % and 14 % in the low category , 90 % , 80 % and 75 % in the intermediate category and 100 % , 100 % and 94 % in the high category ( p = 0 . 001 , 0 . 064 , 0 . 001 ) respectively . ^^^ When we used only the three probability categories ( low , intermediate , high ) , AUC was 0 . 96 for the WR ( p= 0 . 001 ) , 0 . 64 for the GR ( p= 0 . 04 ) , and 0 . 7 for the MR ( p= 0 . 005 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ACTH was elevated at 16 months of age ; ( 2 ) mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) mRNA expression in the hippocampus was significantly decreased in 9 month old mice , whereas in 16 month old mice , expression was similar to young animals . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| THG binds with high affinity but unselective to the androgen ( AR ) , progesterone ( PR ) , glucocorticoid ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid ( MR ) receptor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Corticosteroid action in the brain is mediated by the mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and the glucocorticoid ( GR ) receptor . ^^^ Disturbances in MR and GR mediated effects are thought to impair cognition , behavior , and endocrine control . ^^^ This genetic model provides important information about the consequences of a permanently altered balance between limbic MR and GR , with implications for stress related neuroendocrine and neuropsychiatric diseases . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this contribution we focus on the variants of mineralocorticorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) that operate in balance and coordinate behavioral , autonomic , and neuroendocrine response patterns involved in homeostasis and health . ^^^ The data suggest that these MR and GR variants contribute to individual differences in resilience and vulnerability to stressors , and that these receptors therefore are potential drug targets for recovery of homeostasis and health . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| With the use of real time PCR and RIA , we examined the expression of regulatory genes in the hippocampus , hypothalamus , and pituitary , including corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) , arginine vasopressin ( AVP ) , glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) , mineralcorticoid receptors ( MR ) , and 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 ( 11beta HSD 1 ) , as well as the main HPA axis hormones , adrenal corticotropic hormone ( ACTH ) and corticosterone ( CORT ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| All members , including the glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) , mineralocoroticoid receptors ( MR ) , estrogen receptors ( ER ) , progesterone receptors ( PR ) and androgen receptor ( AR ) , mediate the expression of a gene by binding to hormone responsive elements ( HREs ) as dimmers in a ligand dependent manner . ^^^ In this review , first the localization of GR and MR immunoreactivities in the brain is introduced , and secondly , the effects of change of GR expression in neurons are examined by several morphological approaches . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The glucocorticoid mediated negative feedback action is mediated by both glucocorticoid ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid ( MR ) receptors activation at the central level , mainly in the hippocampus . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Additional studies evaluated the role of mineralocorticoid ( MR ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) function , as well as de novo protein synthesis , in potentiation of toxicity by corticosterone exposure . ^^^ In contrast , 24 h exposure with the MR antagonist spironolactone ( 1 10 microM ) , the GR antagonist RU 486 ( 1 10 microM ) , or the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide ( 1 microM ) failed to reduce the significant increase in propidium iodide uptake . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| MR and GR were upregulated with a longer delay within the CA 1 region , whereas levels of pMAPK 2 and p38MAPK were rapidly increased , but the former returned to basal levels after 3 h . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Morphine exposure prevents up regulation of MR and GR binding sites in the brain of adult male and female rats due to prenatal stress . ^^^ An alteration in the glucocorticoid negative feedback inhibition is mediated by glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) that are distributed throughout the brain , and mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) localized mainly in the hippocampus and involved in a tonic influence of brain functions . ^^^ Therefore , the present study examined the binding characteristics of MR and GR in young adult male and female rats exposed prenatally ( E 11 E18 ) to morphine ( 10 mg / kg / 2 10 / day ) , saline or no treatment at all ( controls ) . ^^^ The data demonstrate that prenatal stress due to maternal saline injections up regulates MR and GR binding in the hippocampus of adult male rats and this effect is prevented by prenatal morphine exposure . ^^^ In female rats , prenatal morphine exposure does not affect the binding of MR and GR in the hippocampus or GR in the hypothalamus relative to controls ; however , they are affected by ovarian hormone fluctuation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To investigate the role of steroid receptors in mediating the reported effects of steroids on Schwann cell ( SC ) myelination and growth , we determined mRNA contents and transcriptional activities of the corticosteroid ( glucocorticosteroid and mineralocorticosteroid ) receptors ( GR and MR ) and sex steroid ( progesterone , androgen , and estrogen alpha and beta ) receptors in rat SC cultured under proliferative ( in the presence of insulin and forskolin , which induces a high intracellular cAMP content ) and quiescent conditions . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Glucocorticoids released by stress bind to glucocorticoid ( GR ) and / or mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) to exert negative feedback of subsequent hypothalamic pituitary adrenal ( HPA ) responses to stress . ^^^ We conducted a series of experiments involving intra pPVTh administration of MR and / or GR agonists or antagonists during different time frames over 8 d of restraint . ^^^ MR exist in the pPVTh , as do GR as shown by our immunocytochemical results . ^^^ Acute intra pPVTh injection of MR and / or GR antagonist before the eighth restraint did not alter expression of habituation . ^^^ Because habituation may develop before d 8 , we manipulated GR and MR in the pPVTh throughout 8 d of stress using intra pPVTh corticosterone implants , which enhanced habituation on d 8 without affecting acute stress responses . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Commercially available steroidal drugs used in conditions such as asthma may act on both GR and MR receptors ; although glucocorticoid receptor agonists play a fundamental role in the treatment of inflammatory conditions , prolonged exposure may have adverse effects such as the development of resistance . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To clarify the roles of different steroid receptors in hippocampal plasticity , young adult rats were injected with the GR antagonist RU 38486 ( mifepristone ) or the MR antagonist Spironolactone before the exposure to an acute swim stress . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A global compliance ratio ( GCR ) was established for each patient ( empty blisters at the end of the study / follow up period during the study ) and monthly compliance ratio [ MCR ] ( empty blisters during a visit / time lapse since last visit ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The distribution of the normal differentiation antigen Thy 1 and the mammary tumor virus ( MTV ) induced antigens or antigen complexes MLm and MLr were studied in mouse mammary gland cells , mammary tumor cells , and other cell types , by use of ascites leukemia cells of the GR mouse strain as target cells in the cytotoxicity test . ^^^ MLm was shown by a homologous C57BL antiserum to GRSL 2 leukemia ( absorbed in vivo in GR mice ) ; MLr was detected by a rabbit heterologous antiserum ( absorbed in vivo in C57BL or GR mice and in vitro with BALB / c milk ) prepared against Tween 80 and ether treated purified B particles . ^^^ The MLr and MLn antigens or antigen complexes were possibly identical to the mammary leukemia ( ML ) antigen , since they could be detected not only on GR but also on DBA / 2 leukemia cells and since their distribution was exactly the same as that of MTV . ^^^ One dominant gene was responsible for the expression of MLr , as shown by CYTA tests with mammary glands of individual animals of segregating crosses between the GR strain with high mammary cancer incidence and strains with low incidence . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although GR appears to exert a more profound effect than MC , the results indicate that both modalities have the capacity to reduce the density of polymorphic determinants on Class 2 ( HLA D region ) encoded molecules on T ( CD3+ and CD8+ ) and B ( CD19+ ) cells which are known to trigger potent MLR responses . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P08235 and P04150 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The MLr antigen , a mammary tumour virus induced antigen on the surface of GR thymic lymphoma cells ( GRSL ) can be modulated from the cell surface upon incubation with specific antiserum for 1 2 h at 37 degrees C , followed by washing the cells . ^^^ |
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