Pubmed abstracts for Protein-Protein Interaction search result :

Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :1.1832769
The chemokine receptors CXCR 4 and CCR 5 have recently been shown to act as coreceptors , in concert with CD 4 , for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) infection . 1.1832769^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.92455735
The chemokine receptors CXCR 4 , CCR2B , CCR 3 , and CCR 5 have recently been shown to serve along with CD 4 as coreceptors for HIV 1 . 0.92455735^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.57636942
CXCR 4 , a seven transmembrane domain G protein coupled receptor for the Cys 10 Cys class of chemokines , is one of several chemokine receptors that can act as a co receptor with CD 4 for the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV 1 ) glycoprotein gp 120 [ 1 3 ] . 0.57636942^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.7558899
To test the hypothesis that inefficient interactions of CXCR 4 with CD 4 and gp 120 could affect HIV 1 entry , we incubated macrophages , monocytes , and lymphocytes with gp 120 and coimmunoprecipitated CD 4 by using anti CXCR 4 antibodies . 0.7558899^^^ A mechanism of resistance to HIV 1 entry : inefficient interactions of CXCR 4 with CD 4 and gp 120 in macrophages . 0.64278248^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.63631248
We studied whether CD 4 is associated with CXCR 4 on CD4+ CXCR4+ cells . 0.63631248^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.50550678
The chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 serve as the cellular receptors in conjunction with CD 4 for HIV 1 entry and infection of target cells . 0.50550678^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.63512568
Coprecipitation of CXCR 4 with CD 4 was reduced in activated cells treated with Brefeldin A and Monensin , suggesting that late endosomes play a role in intracellular association of CXCR 4 with CD 4 . 0.63512568^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.56256263
Specific interaction of CXCR 4 with CD 4 and CD8alpha : functional analysis of the CD4 / CXCR4 interaction in the context of HIV 1 envelope glycoprotein mediated membrane fusion . 0.56256263^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :1.1457031
Evidence for cell surface association between fusin and the CD 4 gp120 complex in human cell lines . 1.1457031^^^ Together these data provide evidence for physical association between fusin and the CD 4 gp120 complex on cell membranes . . 0.84656293^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Differentiated HCT 116 cells had increased expression of cell surface C 10 C chemokine receptor type 4 ( CXCR 4 ) that mediated HIV entry , despite the apparent absence of cell surface CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In cell lines expressing CXCR 4 and CD 4 , and in blood lymphocytes , SDF 1 is a powerful inhibitor of infection by lymphocyte tropic HIV 1 strains , whereas the CC chemokines RANTES , MIP 1 alpha and MIP 1 beta , which were shown previously to prevent infection with primary , monocyte tropic viruses , are inactive . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For efficient entry into target cells , primary macrophage tropic and laboratory adapted human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 ( HIV 1 ) require particular chemokine receptors , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , respectively , as well as the primary receptor CD 4 ( refs 1 6 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present report , we show that one member of this family , termed Fusin / CXCR 4 , is able to function as an alternative receptor for some isolates of HIV 2 in the absence of CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 dependencies for infections by primary patient and laboratory adapted isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 . ^^^ We have used a focal infectivity method to quantitatively analyze the CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 dependencies for infections by diverse primary patient ( PR ) and laboratory adapted ( LA ) isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) . ^^^ Infectivities of T cell tropic viruses were analyzed in a panel of HeLa CD 4 cell clones that have distinct quantities of CD 4 and in human astroglioma U87MG CD 4 cells that express a large quantity of CD 4 and become highly susceptible to infection after transfection with a CXCR 4 expression vector . ^^^ The latter analysis indicated that PR as well as LA T cell tropic viruses efficiently employ CXCR 4 as a coreceptor in an optimal human cell line that contains abundant CD 4 . ^^^ Since all of the ELI viruses can efficiently use CXCR 4 as a coreceptor , we conclude that an increase in viral affinity for CD 4 rather than a switch in coreceptor specificity is principally responsible for laboratory adaption of T cell tropic HIV 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD 4 independent association between HIV 1 gp 120 and CXCR 4 : functional chemokine receptors are expressed in human neurons . ^^^ In addition , we show that the envelop glycoprotein from the T cell tropic human immunodeficiency virus 1 ( HIV 1 ) strain IIIB is a CD 4 independent , dose dependent inhibitor of the binding of stromal cell derived factor 1 to its receptor , CXCR 4 . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : These data support recent findings that members of the chemokine family , including CCR 5 and LESTR / Fusin ( CXCR 4 ) , function as coreceptors in combination with CD 4 for HIV 1 invasion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The alpha chemokine receptor fusin ( CXCR 4 ) and beta chemokine receptor CCR 5 serve as entry cofactors for T cell ( T ) tropic and macrophage ( M ) tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) strains , respectively , when expressed with CD 4 in otherwise nonpermissive cells . ^^^ Primary CD 4 T cells from delta ccr 5 homozygous individuals were highly resistant to infection with prototype M tropic HIV 1 strains , including an isolate ( YU 2 ) that uses CCR 5 and CCR 3 , but were permissive for both a T tropic strain ( 3B ) and a dual tropic variant ( 89 . 6 ) that uses CXCR 4 , CCR 5 , CCR 3 , or CCR2b . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recent findings have shown that the expression of the seven trans membrane G protein coupled CXCR 4 ( the receptor for the stromal cell derived factor [ SDF ] 1 chemokine ) is necessary for the entry of T lymphotropic human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) strains , acting as a coreceptor of the CD 4 molecule . ^^^ These findings further strengthen the role of CXCR 4 as a molecule necessary for the replication of T lymphotropic HIV 1 and HIV 2 isolates and provide a useful model to study the functional role of CD 4 coreceptors in HIV infection . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we demonstrated that cells expressing murine CXCR 4 and human CD 4 fused with cells expressing the env proteins derived from T cell line tropic HIV 1 and were infected with T cell line tropic HIV 1 strains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The CXCR 4 chemokine receptor and CD 4 behave as coreceptors for cell line adapted human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 ( HIV 1 and HIV 2 ) and for dual tropic HIV strains , which also use the CCR 5 coreceptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because this chemokine receptor allows T cell tropic HIV 1 strains to infect cells , CD34+ cells expressing CD 4 and CXCR 4 might be infected by HIV 1 during later stages of the disease , following a viral phenotype switch from macrophage to T cell tropic HIV 1 strains . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have shown that HIV89 . 6 can utilize both the M tropic and T tropic cofactors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , respectively , in conjunction with CD 4 for fusion and entry into otherwise nonpermissive nonhuman cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A similar pattern was seen in infections of a U 87 glioblastoma line that coexpresses CD 4 and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ligation of CCR 5 by the CC chemokines RANTES , MIP 1alpha or MIP 1beta , and of CXCR 4 by the CXC chemokine SDF 1alpha , profoundly inhibits the replication of HIV strains that use these coreceptors for entry into CD 4 ( + ) T lymphocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , feline CXCR 4 was found to be as efficient as human CXCR 4 in supporting cell fusion between CD 4 expressing murine fibroblast cells and either HIV type 1 ( HIV 1 ) or HIV 2 Env expressing human cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CXCR 4 is a member of the chemokine receptor family which is required along with CD 4 for entry into the cell of syncytium inducing ( SI ) HIV 1 strains . ^^^ In addition , using an SI strain of HIV 1 which directs expression of a reporter protein on the surface of infected cells , we have found that the immature CD4+ / CD8+ thymocytes that express the highest levels of both CD 4 and CXCR 4 are the cells that are preferentially infected and depleted by the virus in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A G deficient rabies virus ( RV ) pseudotyped with CD 4 and CXCR 4 derived proteins selectively infected cells expressing HIV 1 envelope protein . ^^^ Pseudotype virus formation was most efficient with chimeric receptor proteins possessing the cytoplasmic tail of the RV G spike protein ( CXCR 4 RV and CD 4 RV ) . ^^^ While CXCR 4 RV was incorporated when expressed alone , CD 4 RV incorporation required CXCR 4 RV as a carrier protein , indicating a mechanism by which oligomeric surface proteins are sorted into the RV envelope . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV 1 gp 120 induces an association between CD 4 and the chemokine receptor CXCR 4 . ^^^ For efficient entry into target cells , certain T cell tropic HIV 1 isolates require both CD 4 and the coreceptor CXCR 4 . ^^^ However , the molecular interactions among CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and the HIV 1 envelope glycoproteins are only now being elucidated . ^^^ Here we show that the binding of soluble gp 120 from one macrophage tropic and four T cell tropic viruses to a CD4+ , but not to a CD 4 , T cell line , decreased the binding of an mAb specific for CXCR 4 to its epitope , implying an interaction among gp 120 , CD 4 , and CXCR 4 . ^^^ To confirm such an interaction , we conducted double and triple color confocal laser scanning microscopy on CD4+ / CXCR4+ cells and determined the extent of CD 4 and CXCR 4 colocalization by a semiquantitative analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
T 22 was found to specifically inhibit the ability of T cell line tropic HIV 1 to induce cell fusion and infect the cell lines transfected with CXCR 4 and CD 4 or peripheral blood mononuclear cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , and possibly CCR 3 , are the principal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) coreceptors , apparently interacting with HIV 1 envelope , in association with CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As murine cells lack the specific cofactor CXCR 4 for HIV 1 entry , other cell surface molecules besides CD 4 might be implicated in stable binding of HIV particles to cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The chemokine receptor CXCR 4 is required , together with CD 4 , for entry by some isolates of HIV 1 , particularly those that emerge late in infection . ^^^ SDF 1 inhibited HIV 1 infection of mink cells expressing CD 4 and CXCR 4 . ^^^ Significantly , ligand induced internalization of CXCR 4 but not CD 4 , suggesting that CXCR 4 and CD 4 do not normally physically interact on the cell surface . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Infection with HIV 1 requires expression of CD 4 and the chemokine receptors CXCR 4 or CCR 5 at the target cell surface . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Macrophage tropic ( M tropic ) HIV 1 strains utilize the chemokine receptor CCR 5 in conjunction with CD 4 to infect cells , while T cell tropic ( T tropic ) strains generally utilize CXCR 4 as a coreceptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Promonocytic U 937 subclones expressing CD 4 and CXCR 4 are resistant to infection with and cell to cell fusion by T cell tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 . ^^^ These data indicate that resistance to T tropic HIV 1 infection of U 937 minus clones occurs at fusion / entry events and that expression of functional CXCR 4 and CD 4 is not a sole determinant for susceptibility to T tropic HIV 1 infection ; furthermore , they suggest that other factors are positively or negatively involved in HIV mediated cell to cell fusion in U 937 promonocytic cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results suggest : ( 1 ) that fusin / CXCR 4 might have a dual role in both brain development and the immune system ; ( 2 ) that SDF 1 has a role in brain development or that additional physiological ligands exist for this receptor ; ( 3 ) co expression of CD 4 and fusin / CXCR 4 may make fetuses susceptible to HIV infection during development . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 are co receptors together with CD 4 for human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) 1 entry into target cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Besides CD 4 , they express the chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , the common coreceptors of HIV . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Stromal derived factor ( SDF 1 ) is the principal ligand for CXCR 4 , a coreceptor with CD 4 for T lymphocyte cell line tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of CXCR 4 in EC is significant , more so as it and several CC chemokine receptors have been shown to serve as fusion co receptors along with CD 4 during human immunodeficiency virus infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) envelope binds to CXCR 4 independently of CD 4 , and binding can be enhanced by interaction with soluble CD 4 or by HIV envelope deglycosylation . ^^^ We have developed a binding assay to show that HIV envelope ( Env ) can interact with CXCR 4 independently of CD 4 but that this binding is markedly enhanced by the previous interaction of Env with soluble CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , in combination with CD 4 , mediate cellular entry of macrophage tropic ( M tropic ) and T cell tropic strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) , respectively , while dualtropic viruses can use either receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The large majority of anti CD3 / B7 . 1 activated cord blood CD8+ T cells coexpress CD 4 , the primary HIV receptor , as well as CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , the coreceptors used by M and T tropic HIV 1 strains , respectively , to enter target cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) infection requires binding of the envelope protein gp 120 to host CD 4 receptors and the action of the chemokine receptors CXCR 4 or CCR 5 , which define cell tropism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cellular infection by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) requires interaction of the viral envelope protein with CD 4 and at least one additional cell surface molecule , termed a `` cofactor ' ' or `` coreceptor . ' ' Recent discoveries have determined that macrophage tropic strains of HIV 1 which are largely responsible for sexual transmission require the beta chemokine receptor CCR 5 in addition to CD 4 , while the T cell tropic viruses that emerge later after infection use the alpha chemokine receptor CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Replication of the NL4 . 3 wild type virus and the SDF 1alpha ( res ) virus was demonstrated in U 87 cells that coexpressed CD 4 and CXCR 4 ( U87 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , expression of CXCR 4 together with CD 4 on some cell types did not confer susceptibility to infection by all CXCR 4 using virus isolates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
T cell line tropic ( T tropic ) HIV type 1 strains enter cells by interacting with the cell surface molecules CD 4 and CXCR 4 . ^^^ We have generated transgenic mice predominantly expressing human CD 4 and CXCR 4 on their CD 4 positive T lymphocytes ( CD4+ T cells ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 T lymphotropic strains enter macrophages via a CD 4 and CXCR 4 mediated pathway : replication is restricted at a postentry level . ^^^ Entry was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody against CD 4 and by stromal cell derived factor 1alpha , a natural ligand of CXCR 4 , suggesting that both CD 4 and CXCR 4 act as receptors on macrophages for HIV 1 T lymphotropic strains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunofluorescent confocal microscopy of activated cells revealed CD 4 and CXCR 4 in nonoverlapping patterns . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show here that 10 % of fresh circulating B cells from HIV 1 seronegative donors ( 1 ) express the CD 4 receptor and CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , two recently described coreceptors for HIV 1 and ( 2 ) are permissive to HIV 1 with de novo proviral DNA integration following ex vivo infection by either SI ( syncytium inducing ) or NSI ( non syncytium inducing ) isolates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have investigated the role of the recently described mutation in CCR2b named 64I in relation to HIV resistance , CD 4 T cell counts , and disease progression in Danish individuals by polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) based methods as well as sequenced full length CXCR 4 and CCR 5 genes from HIV infected long term nonprogressors for possible mutations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results demonstrate that with equivalently expressed levels of CD 4 and CXCR 4 in cell lines established from CEM cells , relatively high levels of CD 26 contribute to an increased rate of HIV entry , infection , and apoptosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although murine cells had been thought to have no functional co receptors , murine CXCR 4 allowed entry of HIV 1 into target cells with human CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Signal transductions by the dual function CXCR 4 and CCR 5 chemokine receptors / HIV type 1 ( HIV 1 ) coreceptors were electrophysiologically monitored in Xenopus laevis oocytes that also coexpressed the viral receptor CD 4 and a G protein coupled inward rectifying K+ channel ( Kir 3 . 1 ) . ^^^ In contrast to chemokines , perfusion with monomeric or oligomeric preparations of the glycoprotein of Mr 120 , 000 ( gp 120 ) derived from several isolates of HIV 1 did not activate signaling by CXCR 4 or CCR 5 regardless of CD 4 coexpression . ^^^ However , adsorption of the gp 120 from a T cell tropic virus resulted in CD 4 dependent antagonism of CXCR 4 response to SDF 1alpha , whereas gp 120 from macrophage tropic viruses caused CD 4 dependent antagonism of CCR 5 response to MIP 1alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Such properties were initially reported for the cellular chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , which behave as CD 4 associated HIV 1 coreceptors . ^^^ We found that coexpression of US 28 and either CXCR 4 or CCR 5 in CD 4 ( + ) cells resulted in enhanced synctium formation with HIV 1 Env+ cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to CD 4 and CXCR 4 receptors differentially regulates expression of inflammatory genes and activates the MEK / ERK signaling pathway . ^^^ The activation of this signaling pathway requires functional CD 4 receptors and is independent of binding to CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Heterologous FIV expression in a variety of human cell lines resulted in profuse syncytial lysis that was FIV env specific , CD 4 independent , and restricted to cells that express CXCR 4 , the coreceptor for T cell line adapted strains of human immunodeficiency virus . ^^^ The use of CXCR 4 is a fundamental feature of lentivirus biology independent of CD 4 and a shared cellular link to infection and cytopathicity for distantly related lentiviruses that cause AIDS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It differentially regulates the two major HIV 1 coreceptors , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells , increasing CXCR 4 and decreasing CCR 5 expression in primary CD 4 ( + ) T lymphocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Today it is known that the presence of the CD 4 molecule on the cells does not suffice for them to be able to be infected , being necessary the presence of co receptors such as CCR 5 and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The second extracellular loop of CXCR 4 is involved in CD 4 independent entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 . ^^^ Here we have shown that the rat homologue of CXCR 4 , in the absence of CD 4 , failed to mediate CD 4 independent entry by ROD / B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The efficiency of the entry was compared with the entry taking place in CD 4 positive cells expressing either CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Dissociation of the CD 4 and CXCR 4 binding properties of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp 120 by deletion of the first putative alpha helical conserved structure . ^^^ The resultant soluble mutant with a deleted alpha helix 1 ( gp 120 DeltaalphaHX1 ) exhibited a strong interaction with CXCR 4 , although CD 4 binding was undetectable . ^^^ Moreover , in the absence of CD 4 binding , the interaction of gp 120 DeltaalphaHX1 with CXCR 4 was sufficient to inhibit HIV 1 infection . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 are used by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) in conjunction with CD 4 to infect cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Confocal microscopy showed that gp 41 caused internalization of CXCR 4 in HEK 293 cells provided they were also cotransfected with intact CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Most importantly , anti CD3 / B7 activated neonatal CD 8 T cells coexpress CD 4 as well as CCR 5 and CXCR 4 and are susceptible to HIV 1 infection in vitro . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 are major co receptors / receptors for the CD 4 dependent and CD 4 independent entry of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses . ^^^ However , a Ser / IleLeu motif , similar to that required for the endocytosis of CD 4 and the T cell receptor / CD3 complex , is required for phorbol ester induced , but not ligand induced , CXCR 4 endocytosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interactions among HIV gp 120 , CD 4 , and CXCR 4 : dependence on CD 4 expression level , gp 120 viral origin , conservation of the gp 120 COOH and NH 2 termini and V1 / V2 and V 3 loops , and sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies . ^^^ The binding of HIV derived recombinant soluble ( s ) gp 120 to the CD 4 ( + ) / CXCR4 ( + ) A3 . 01 T cell line inhibits the binding of the CXCR 4 specific monoclonal antibodies 12G5 , which interacts with the second extracellular loop , and 6H8 , which binds the NH 2 terminus . ^^^ The strength of the interaction between sgp 120 and CXCR 4 correlated with sgp 120 affinity for the CD 4 CXCR4 complex , and the interaction of sgp120MN and sgp120IIIB with CXCR 4 was highly dependent on the level of CD 4 expressed on a variety of different T cell lines . sgp 120 from X 4 , R5X4 , and R 5 viruses interacted with CXCR 4 , although the R 5 sgp120 CXCR 4 interactions were weaker than those of the other gp120s . ^^^ The interaction of sgp120IIIB or sgp120MN with CXCR 4 was inhibited by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies that prevent the sgp 120 CD4 interaction but also by antibodies specific for the gp 120 V2 and V 3 loops , the CD 4 induced epitope and the 2G12 epitope , which interfere weakly or not at all with CD 4 sgp120 binding . ^^^ Further deletion of the V 1 and V 2 loops restored CXCR 4 binding activity , but additional removal of the V 3 loop eliminated the gp 120 CXCR4 interaction , without decreasing the affinity between mutated sgp 120 and CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Enhancement of T tropic HIV replication is observed at early stages of replication , requires signaling through inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding regulatory ( Gi ) proteins , and is associated with increased cell surface colocalization of CD 4 and the T tropic HIV coreceptor CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Conversely , broadening chemokine receptor usage from CCR 5 to both CCR 5 and CXCR 4 was associated with infection by a virus having a syncytium inducing phenotype and correlated with a faster rate of CD 4 T cell decline and progression of disease . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CXCR 4 and CD 4 mediate a rapid CD 95 independent cell death in CD 4 ( + ) T cells . ^^^ HIV 1 gp 120 binds to T cells via CD 4 and the chemokine coreceptor CXCR 4 ( fusin / LESTR ) . ^^^ Therefore , we investigated whether CD 4 and CXCR 4 mediate gp 120 induced apoptosis . ^^^ We used human peripheral blood lymphocytes , malignant T cells , and CD4 / CXCR4 transfectants , and found cell death induced by both cell surface receptors , CD 4 and CXCR 4 . ^^^ Significantly , apoptosis was exclusively observed in CD 4 ( + ) but not in CD 8 ( + ) T cells , and apoptosis triggered via CXCR 4 was inhibited by stromal cell derived factor 1 , the natural CXCR 4 ligand . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV entry into CD34+ progenitor cells could be modulated by soluble CD 4 , HIV gp 120 third variable loop neutralizing mAb and the cognate ligands for the CXCR 4 and CCR 5 HIV coreceptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Anti CD 4 mAbs mimicked the effect of gp 120 , and both anti CD 4 Ab and gp 120 caused internalization of CXCR 4 in HEK 293 cells provided they also expressed CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Highly purified human CD 34 cells derived from umbilical cord blood were shown not to express CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 on their cell membranes , as analyzed by immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometric analyses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Progressive and persistent downregulation of surface CXCR 4 in CD 4 ( + ) T cells infected with human herpesvirus 7 . ^^^ In this study , we report that HHV 7 infection also causes a progressive loss of the surface CXC chemokine receptor 4 ( CXCR 4 ) in CD 4 ( + ) T cells , accompanied by a reduced intracellular Ca2+ flux and chemotaxis in response to stromal cell derived factor 1 ( SDF 1 ) , the specific CXCR 4 ligand . ^^^ Moreover , CXCR 4 is downregulated from the surface of HHV 7 infected T cells independently of CD 4 . ^^^ Since CXCR 4 functions in association with CD 4 to permit entry of several human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) isolates , the potential of HHV 7 to persistently downregulate the surface expression of CXCR 4 may provide novel strategies for limiting HIV infection . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we demonstrated mRNA and cell surface expression of HIV 1 receptors CD 4 and the chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 in fractionated cells representing multiple stages of hematopoietic development . ^^^ Productive infection by HIV 1 via these receptors was observed with the notable exception of stem cells , in which case the presence of CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 , as documented by single cell analysis for expression and function , was insufficient for infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In synergy with the CD 4 antigen , the chemokine receptor CXCR 4 functions as a coreceptor for T cell tropic HIV 1 strains . ^^^ Based on the assessment of ten LP products , we found that the mean proportion of CD34+ cells coexpressing CD 4 and CXCR 4 was 6 . 2+ / 2 . 3 % [ + / SEM ] , suggesting that a small population of CD34+ cells are , in principle , susceptible for an infection with T cell tropic HIV 1 strains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Similarly , T tropic NL 4 3 virus , which uses both CD 4 and CXCR 4 receptors for entry , stimulated in these cells the MEK / ERK MAP kinase ( MAPK ) pathway in a CD 4 receptor dependent manner ( Popik and Pitha , 1998 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The human chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 have emerged as the predominant cofactors , along with CD 4 , for cellular entry of HIV 1 in vivo whereas the contribution of other chemokine receptors to HIV disease has not been yet determined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These MDM expressed CD 4 , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , the major coreceptors for HIV macrophage and T cell tropic isolates , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To this end , we sought to ( 1 ) phenotype human hematopoietic cells for CD 4 and the HIV 1 coreceptors CXCR 4 , CCR 5 , CCR 3 , and CCR2b ; ( 2 ) correlate CD 4 and chemokine receptor expression with their susceptibility to HIV 1 infection ; and ( 3 ) examine any potential interplay between inflammatory cytokines released during HIV 1 infection and regulation of chemokine receptor expression . ^^^ Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) analysis of FACS sorted human candidate stem cells ( HSC ; CD 34 ( + ) , c kit+ , Rho 123 ( low ) ) showed the presence of CXCR 4 mRNA but not CD 4 mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 are the major coreceptors that , together with CD 4 , govern HIV 1 entry into cells . ^^^ We tested 11 primary HIV 2 isolates for coreceptor usage in human cell lines : U 87 glioma cells , stably expressing CD 4 and the chemokine receptor CCR 1 , CCR2b , CCR 3 , CCR 5 , or CXCR 4 , and GHOST ( 3 ) osteosarcoma cells , coexpressing CD 4 and CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , or the orphan receptor Bonzo or BOB . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The human immunodeficiency virus 1 ( HIV 1 ) utilises CD 4 and certain beta chemokine receptors , mainly CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , for attachment and virus entry into T lymphocytes and monocytes / macrophages . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , CD 4 co precipitated with CCR 5 and CXCR 4 monomers , but not with the high molecular weight forms of CXCR 4 , indicating that the high molecular weight CXCR 4 species in macrophages are not available for association with CD 4 , which may contribute to the inefficient entry of T tropic strains into mature macrophages . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A CD 4 independent interaction of human immunodeficiency virus 1 gp 120 with CXCR 4 induces their cointernalization , cell signaling , and T cell chemotaxis . ^^^ We assessed the effects of wild type gp 120 and a mutant gp 120 that interacts with CXCR 4 but not CD 4 on CD 4 ( ) / CXCR4 ( + ) cells and CD 4 ( + ) / CXCR4 ( + ) cells , respectively . ^^^ Under both experimental conditions , the interaction of CXCR 4 and gp 120 resulted in their CD 4 independent cointernalization . ^^^ Binding of gp 120 to CXCR 4 resulted in a CD 4 independent phosphorylation of Pyk 2 and an induction of chemotactic activity , demonstrating that this interaction has functional consequences . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To clarify the inhibitory mode of T 22 and its analogs , we used a single round replication assay ( luciferase assay ) , in which different envelope bearing pseudotypes were used to infect CXCR 4 or CCR 5 bearing U 87 cells via CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This HHV 6 mediated anti HIV effect was DC specific , occurred when HHV 6 was added either before or after HIV , and was not due to decreased surface expression or function of CD 4 , CXCR 4 , or CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To address the issues of redundancy and specificity of chemokines and their receptors in lymphocyte biology , we investigated the expression of CC chemokine receptors CCR 1 , CCR 2 , CCR 3 , CCR 5 , CXCR 3 , and CXCR 4 and responses to their ligands on memory and naive , CD 4 and CD 8 human T cells , both freshly isolated and after short term activation in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The observed increase was solely due to the LFA 1 activation state because it was abrogated by anti LFA 1 or anti ICAM 1 antibodies and not due to variations in surface expression of LFA 1 , CD 4 , or the chemokine coreceptor CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PCR analysis indicated that mRNAs specific for CD 4 , CXCR 4 and CCR 5 proteins were absent , too . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD 4 independent utilization of the CXCR 4 chemokine receptor by HIV 1 and HIV 2 . ^^^ To understand these events , variants of HIV 2 and HIV 1 have been derived that are able to interact directly with CXCR 4 in the absence of CD 4 . ^^^ Infection of BC 7 cells by HIV 1 / IIIBx was resistant to anti CD 4 monoclonal antibodies but inhibited by the anti CXCR 4 mAb , 12G5 . ^^^ HIV 1 / IIIBx was highly fusogenic on 3T3 cells expressing CXCR 4 in the absence of CD 4 . ^^^ These studies indicate that HIV 1 and HIV 2 variants can be derived in vitro that utilize CXCR 4 in the absence of CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Flow cytometry analysis of the nonhuman primate PBMC demonstrated that they do express CD 4 , CCR 3 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 on their cell surface . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Quantification of CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 levels on lymphocyte subsets , dendritic cells , and differentially conditioned monocyte derived macrophages . ^^^ CCR 5 and CXCR 4 are the major HIV 1 coreceptors for R 5 and X 4 HIV 1 strains , respectively , and a threshold number of CD 4 and chemokine receptor molecules is required to support virus infection . ^^^ Therefore , we used a quantitative fluorescence activated cell sorting assay to determine the number of CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 antibody binding sites ( ABS ) on various T cell lines , T cell subsets , peripheral blood dendritic cells ( PBDC ) , and monocyte derived macrophages by using four color fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis on fresh whole blood . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD 4 receptor dependent entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env pseudotypes into CCR 5 , CCR 3 , and CXCR 4 expressing human alveolar macrophages is preferentially mediated by the CCR 5 coreceptor . ^^^ We observed that , in addition to CD 4 receptors , AM from healthy adults expressed low levels of CCR 5 , CCR 3 , and CXCR 4 chemokine receptors by flow cytometry , and specific messenger RNA was detected for all three receptors by reverse transcriptase / polymerase chain reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
T cell tropic HIV gp 120 mediates CD 4 and CD 8 cell chemotaxis through CXCR 4 independent of CD 4 : implications for HIV pathogenesis . ^^^ Infection with CXCR 4 and CCR 5 tropic HIV requires initial binding to CD 4 , and chemotaxis induced by the CCR 5 tropic envelope has been reported to be strictly dependent on CD 4 binding . ^^^ We demonstrate that , in contrast to CD 4 dependent gp 120 signaling via CCR 5 , envelope signaling through CXCR 4 is CD 4 independent , inducing chemotaxis of both CD 4 and CD 8 T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CXCR 4 is a chemokine receptor used by some strains of HIV 1 as an entry coreceptor in association with cell surface CD 4 on human cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Consistently , the SI V 3 recombinants used CXCR 4 , while the NSI V 3 recombinants used CCR 5 for infection of HOS CD 4 ( + ) cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chemokine receptors , particularly CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , act as essential coreceptors in concert with CD 4 for cellular entry by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ; reviewed in [ 1 ] ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We recently derived a CD 4 independent virus from HIV 1 / IIIB , termed IIIBx , which interacts directly with the chemokine receptor CXCR 4 to infect cells . ^^^ To address the underlying mechanism , a cloned Env from the IIIBx swarm ( 8x ) was used to produce soluble gp 120 . 8x gp 120 bound directly to cells expressing only CXCR 4 , whereas binding of IIIB gp 120 required soluble CD 4 . ^^^ The ability of 8x gp 120 to bind directly to CXCR 4 and to react with mAbs 17b and 48d in the absence of CD 4 indicated that this gp 120 exists in a partially triggered but stable state in which the conserved coreceptor binding site in gp 120 , which overlaps with the 17b epitope , is exposed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because the binding of HIV 1 envelope to CD 4 initiates a configurational change in glycoprotein 120 ( gp 120 ) , enabling it to interact with fusion coreceptors , we investigated how this process interferes with the expression and function of CXC chemokine receptor 4 ( CXCR 4 ) in CD4+ T lymphocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD 4 and CXCR 4 expression and function were not affected in CEM ( HSV ) cells and no significant increase of deoxyribonucleotide pools was noticed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Levels of surface expression of CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , and CD 4 were low compared to those of blood monocytes , but CCR 3 was not detectable . mRNA for CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , CCR 2 , and CCR 3 were all detectable , but to varying degrees and with variability among donors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Apoptosis occurring in cocultures of chronically HIV 1 IIIB infected cells with CD 4 target cells expressing the CXCR 4 receptor was quantified by terminal deoxinucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling ( TUNEL ) or propidium iodide staining followed by fluorescent antibody cell sorting , which allows the evaluation of single cell killing . ^^^ Moreover , both the CXCR 4 agonist SDF 1alpha , and the antagonist AMD 3100 , showed inhibitory effects on HIV 1 envelope protein induced apoptosis in the CD 4 T cell subset of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CD 4 cell lines . ^^^ CXCR 4 signalling induced by HIV 1 envelope proteins in CD 4 T cells was not detected . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Evidence is provided for a role of CXCR 4 in the mechanisms of HIV envelope protein induced pathogenesis , contributing to selective CD 4 cell killing . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The amount of CD 4 coimmunoprecipitated with CCR 5 was significantly higher than that with the other major HIV coreceptor , CXCR 4 , and in contrast to CXCR 4 the CD 4 CCR5 coimmunoprecipitation was not significantly increased by gp 120 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because CD 34 ( + ) cells express low levels of CD 4 , the primary receptor of the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) , and CXCR 4 is a coreceptor for T cell tropic ( X 4 ) HIV strains , we investigated the susceptibility of CD 34 ( + ) cells to infection by this subset of viruses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to CD 4 , different gp 120 isolates bind to the alpha or beta chemokine receptors CXCR 4 and CCR 5 , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This was investigated by coculturing CD 4 , chemokine receptor CCR 5 and CXCR 4 human fetal fibroblasts with apoptotic HIV 1 infected HuT 78 cells or apoptotic PBMC isolated from HIV 1 infected patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cells coexpressing CXCR 4 and CD 4 will fuse with appropriate HIV 1 envelope glycoprotein ( Env ) expressing cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This novel surrogate virus infected and propagated on cells expressing the HIV receptor CD 4 and coreceptor CXCR 4 . ^^^ Infection was blocked by SDF 1 , the ligand for CXCR 4 , by antibody to CD 4 and by HIV neutralizing antibody . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Infection with HIV 1 requires expression of CD 4 antigen and the chemokine receptor CXCR 4 ( X 4 ) or CCR 5 ( R 5 ) on the surface of target cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently the chemokine receptors , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , have been identified as co receptors together with CD 4 for HIV 1 entry into the target cells , suggesting a possible role for these receptors in the pathogenesis of the HIV 1 infection in the brain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In these conditions , the kinetics and affinities of ( 125 ) 1 gp 120 adsorptions and their subsequent metabolisms were strongly dependent on CD 4 but were not significantly influenced by CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The two N terminal ( 2D ) or all four ( 4D ) extracellular domains of CD 4 were linked to the N terminus of the chemokine receptor CXCR 4 . ^^^ The CD 4 ( 2D ) CXCR 4 hybrid mediated infection by HIV 1 ( LAI ) to nearly the same extent as the wild type molecules , whereas CD 4 ( 4D ) CXCR 4 was less efficient . ^^^ Recombinant SU ( LAI ) protein competed more efficiently with the CXCR 4 specific monoclonal antibody 12G5 for binding to CD 4 ( 2D ) CXCR 4 than for binding to CD 4 ( 4D ) CXCR 4 . ^^^ Stromal cell derived factor 1 ( SDF 1 ) blocked HIV 1 ( LAI ) infection of cells expressing CD 4 ( 2D ) CXCR 4 less efficiently than for cells expressing wild type CXCR 4 and CD 4 , whereas down modulation of CXCR 4 by SDF 1 was similar for hybrids and wild type CXCR 4 . ^^^ Thus SDF 1 , but not the smaller molecule AMD 3100 , may interfere at multiple points with the binding of the surface unit ( SU ) CD 4 complex to CXCR 4 , a mechanism that the covalent linkage of CD 4 to CXCR 4 impedes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In sharp contrast , CXCR 4 dependent ( X 4 ) viruses poorly replicated in both polarized and unpolarized CD 4 ( + ) T cells , including adults ' PBMC infected several days after mitogenic stimulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Primary human immunodeficiency virus type 2 ( HIV 2 ) isolates infect CD 4 negative cells via CCR 5 and CXCR 4 : comparison with HIV 1 and simian immunodeficiency virus and relevance to cell tropism in vivo . ^^^ Although HIV 2 and SIV strains also use CD 4 , several laboratory adapted HIV 2 strains infect cells without CD 4 , via an interaction with the coreceptor CXCR 4 . ^^^ Here , we show that most primary HIV 2 isolates can infect either CCR 5 ( + ) or CXCR 4 ( + ) cells without CD 4 . ^^^ CD 4 independent HIV 2 strains that could use both CCR 5 and CXCR 4 to infect CD 4 ( + ) cells were only able to use one of these receptors in the absence of CD 4 . ^^^ Primary CD 4 ( ) fetal astrocyte cultures expressed CXCR 4 and supported replication by the T cell line adapted ROD / B strain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro , SI isolates infect and replicate in a range of CD 4 ( + ) CXCR 4 ( + ) T cell lines , whereas NSI isolates usually do not . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Experiments of immunostaining for CD 4 , CCR 5 , and GalAAG ( putative receptor for HIV in sperm ) , as well as reverse transcriptase ( RT ) PCR for CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 , which all suggested the absence of the mentioned receptors in mature oocytes and in follicular cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
COS cells , stably expressing CXCR 4 and CD 4 , were incubated with several kinds of oligonucleotides . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
B oligomer also blocked cocapping of CCR 5 and CD 4 induced by R 5 HIV 1 in primary T cells , but did not affect cocapping of CXCR 4 and CD 4 after inoculation of the cultures with X 4 HIV 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Biological HIV 1 clones were isolated both early and late in infection from progressors and long term survivors with wild type or mutant CCR 5 or CCR2b genotypes and analyzed for their capacity to use CCR 1 , CCR2b , CCR 3 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 on U 87 cells coexpressing CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD 40 Mediated induction of CD 4 and CXCR 4 on B lymphocytes correlates with restricted susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection : potential role of B lymphocytes as a viral reservoir . ^^^ Highly enriched populations of B lymphocytes generated in the presence of interleukin 4 and oligomeric soluble CD40L upregulated costimulatory and activation markers , as well as HIV 1 receptors CD 4 and CXCR 4 , but not CCR 5 . ^^^ HIV 1 envelope mediated infection was completely abolished with either an anti CD 4 monoclonal antibody or a peptide known to directly block CXCR 4 usage and partially blocked with stromal cell derived factor 1 , all of which had no effect on the entry of virus pseudotyped with amphotropic envelope . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This process occurs , in part , through CXCR 4 and is independent of CD 4 binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They expressed a set of DC associated markers , such as MHC class 2 , CD1a , CD 4 , CD11a , CD 40 , CD 58 , CD 80 , CD 83 , CD 86 , and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , ( a ) HIV 1 coreceptor usage in vitro can not be unconditionally extrapolated to natural microenvironment of human lymphoid tissue ; ( b ) dual tropic viruses are not homogeneous in their coreceptor usage in lymphoid tissue , but probably comprise a continuum between the 2 polar variants that use CXCR 4 or CCR 5 exclusively ; and ( c ) cytopathicity toward the general CD 4 ( + ) T cell population in lymphoid tissue is associated with the use of CXCR4 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
AIDS viruses ( HIVs ) enter immune cells with the aid of the CD 4 cell surface receptor in combination with a number of co receptors which include CCR 3 , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NKR cells , transfected to express the HIV 1 coreceptor CCR 5 to supplement the endogenous expression of CD 4 and the CXCR 4 coreceptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that the expression of CCR 5 is up regulated in HIV 1 infected individuals while CXCR 4 appears down regulated on both CD 4 and CD 8 T cells compared with normal controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As an example , 1 discuss here the tremendous capacity of HIV 1 envelope glycoproteins to modulate kinases activation and nuclear translocation of transcription factors following binding to surface receptors CD 4 and CXCR 4 . ^^^ Viral envelope glycoproteins interaction with CD 4 controls cell activation and proliferation required for virus production whereas interaction with CXCR 4 favors apoptosis thereby decreasing the host immune response . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In a human lymphomyeloid progenitor cell line ( KG 1 ) HIV 1 gp 120 binds to chemokine receptors CXC R 4 and CCR 5 , only in the presence of CD 4 . ^^^ We have now analyzed the possible mechanism ( s ) underlying this phenomenon , in the light of the recent demonstration that at least two members of the chemokine receptor family , CXCR 4 ( LESTR / fusin ) and CCR 5 molecules , are the HIV 1 specific co receptors , necessary , together with the high affinity receptor CD 4 , for the entry into target cells of HIV 1 . ^^^ Cytofluorimetric analysis demonstrated that in KG 1 cells , after HHV 6 infection , more than 40 % of cell population became CD 4 positive and only in KG 1 cells expressing the CD4+ phenotype , the exposure to r gp 120 masks a significant amount , not only of CD 4 , but also of both CXCR 4 and CCR 5 chemokine receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have derived a variant of HIV 1 / IIIB , termed IIIBx , that acquired the ability to utilize CXCR 4 without CD 4 . ^^^ This virus infected CD 4 negative T and B cells and fused with murine 3T3 cells that expressed human CXCR 4 alone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fluorocytometry and calcium mobilization assay did not provide evidence of expression of any of the major HIV 1 coreceptors , including CXCR 4 , CCR 5 , CCR 3 , and CCR2b , as well as the CD 4 molecule on the cell surface of human fetal astrocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our data indicate that binding of the HIV 1 gp 120 to either CD 4 or CXCR 4 is sufficient to enable infection of human cells with SNV vector particles . ^^^ Such particles allowed efficient infection of CD 4 positive human T lymphocytes , and , at a lower efficiency , also cells expressing CXCR 4 without CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although the highly purified HPCB CD34+AC133+ stem cells contained mRNA for CD 4 and CXCR 4 receptors , CD 4 and CXCR 4 proteins were not expressed on these cells . ^^^ Expression of CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 receptor proteins on the progeny derived from HPCB CD34+AC133+ stem cells was detected and correlated with susceptibility to HIV 1 infection in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We propose that Gb 3 functions by recruiting CD 4 and / or CXCR 4 at the fusion site through structurally specific interactions . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , synthetic receptor antagonists that specifically block CXCR 4 mediated entry dramatically suppressed the depletion of CD 4 ( + ) T cells by recombinant and clinically derived X 4 HIV 1 isolates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recombinant soluble CD 4 ( sCD 4 ) activated fusion between effector cells expressing Env and target cells expressing coreceptor ( CCR 5 or CXCR 4 ) but lacking CD 4 . sCD 4 activated fusion was dose dependent , occurred comparably with two and four domain proteins , and demonstrated Env coreceptor specificities parallel to those reported in conventional fusion and infectivity systems . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glycans and proteoglycans are involved in the interactions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein and of SDF 1alpha with membrane ligands of CD 4 ( + ) CXCR 4 ( + ) cells . ^^^ We demonstrate that human immunodeficiency virus HIV 1 ( LAI ) envelope glycoprotein 120 ( gp 120 ( LAi ) ) specifically interacts with several membrane ligands on lymphoid CEM or monocytic U 937 cells in addition to its previously identified receptor , CD 4 , and CXCR 4 , its coreceptor . ^^^ Similarly , stromal cell derived factor ( SDF ) 1alpha interacts not only with CXCR 4 expressed by CXCR 4 ( + ) CD 4 ( + ) U 937 , CEM , and HOS CD 4 ( + ) CXCR 4 ( + ) cells but also with CD 4 expressed by intact U 937 , CEM , and HOS CD 4 ( + ) CXCR 4 ( + / ) cells or electroblotted onto Immobilon . ^^^ SDF 1alpha binding to CD 4 ( + ) CXCR 4 ( + / ) cells , or soluble CD 4 electroblotted onto Immobilon , is significantly inhibited by sCD 4 , whereas truncated sCD 4 lacking D 3 and D 4 domains had no significant effect , which indicates that SDF 1 binds to CD 4 but at regions different from the HIV gp 120 binding site . ^^^ Heparin and mannan also inhibit SDF 1alpha binding to intact CD 4 ( + ) CXCR 4 ( + / ) cells , and electroblotted soluble CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The envelope glycoprotein complex ( [ gp120 / gp41 ] ( n ) ) of X 4 HIV 1 isolates is involved in both infected and uninfected cell death via its interaction with cellular receptors CD 4 and CXCR 4 . ^^^ We studied the effect of the blockade of CXCR 4 receptors by the agonist stromal derived factor ( SDF 1alpha ) and the antagonist bicyclam AMD 3100 on apoptotic cell death of CD 4 ( + ) cells in different models of HIV infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Antibodies to the bivalent vaccine formulation neutralized viruses possessing diverse phenotypes , including syncytia inducing and non syncytia inducing primary isolates , viruses using either the CCR 5 or the CXCR 4 chemokine receptors , and viruses differing in their sensitivity to soluble CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD 34 ( + ) cells are nonpermissive to infection by HIV strains X 4 and R 5 , despite the fact that many CD 34 ( + ) cells express high levels of the viral receptor protein CD 4 and the coreceptor CXCR 4 on their surface . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our data also imply that cell surface molecules other than CD 4 and CXCR 4 may be involved in entry of the GPG deleted virus . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Other T lymphoid cell lines , expressing both CD 4 and CXCR 4 ( e . g . , HUT 78 and MT 4 ) could not be infected by HHV 7 . ^^^ Also , we found no down regulation of surface bound or intracellular CXCR 4 in HHV 7 infected CD 4 ( + ) T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Binding of HIV type 1 ( HIV 1 ) envelope glycoproteins to the surface of a CD 4 ( + ) T cell transduces intracellular signals through the primary envelope receptor , CD 4 , and a coreceptor , either CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^ Envelope mediated activation of caspase 3 and caspase 6 depended on envelope CD 4 receptor interactions ; CCR 5 utilizing as well as CXCR 4 utilizing envelopes elicited this response . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) requires the presence of a CD 4 molecule and chemokine receptors such as CXCR 4 or CCR 5 on the surface of target cells . ^^^ To ascertain whether or not adsorption of the virus needs charge to charge interaction between viral envelope and host cell membrane protein ( s ) and if binding alone promotes penetration of the virus into the cells , we have developed a chemically induced infection system targeting a CD 4 negative and CXCR 4 positive HeLa cell clone ( N 7 HeLa ) which is usually not susceptible to infection with the LAI strain of HIV 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD 4 expression was detected in five of the 10 placentas , while membrane protein expression of CCR 3 , CXCR 4 and CCR 5 was detected in every case , despite quantitative differences among individuals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
P gp overexpression did not significantly alter the surface expression or distribution of either the HIV 1 receptor CD 4 or the coreceptor CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Monoclonal antibodies directed against the gp 120 binding site on CD 4 ( ST 4 ) and against CXCR 4 ( MAB 173 ) prevented the apoptotic signal in a dose dependent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This cell line expresses human CD 4 , the two major HIV 1 coreceptors , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , the reporter gene beta galactosidase driven by the HIV 1 LTR , and quantitates infection within 48 h . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chemokine receptor analysis determined that CD34+ cell derived megakaryocytes express CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 and are productively infected by both X 4 and R 5 HIV 1 isolates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immune animals had significantly attenuated disease with lowered viral RNA , interferon alpha , and chemokine receptor expression ( CXCR 4 and CCR 5 ) on CD 4 ( + ) T cells ; these features of infection have been linked to in vitro effects of Tat and respond similarly to extracellular Tat protein produced during infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also define the kinetics of the HIV life cycle in primary activated human CD 4 ( + ) enriched T cells by using an HIV 1 reporter virus system pseudotyped with the CXCR 4 dependent HIV 1 envelope gene of NL 4 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Modulation of CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 makes human hematopoietic progenitor cell lines infected with human herpesvirus 6 susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 . ^^^ We have analyzed the possible mechanism ( s ) underlying this phenomenon in light of the recent demonstration that at least two members of the chemokine receptor family , CXCR 4 ( LESTR / fusin ) and CCR 5 molecules , are the HIV 1 specific coreceptors necessary , together with the high affinity receptor CD 4 , for entry into target cells of T tropic and M tropic HIV 1 isolates , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This vector was pseudotyped with T cell tropic HIV 1 receptors CD 4 and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CV N potently blocked infection by feline immunodeficiency virus , which utilizes the chemokine receptor CXCR 4 as an entry receptor but is CD 4 independent . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV 1 entry into CD 4 ( + ) cells requires the sequential interactions of the viral envelope glycoproteins with CD 4 and a coreceptor such as the chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Aminoglycoside arginine conjugates inhibit HIV replication by interrupting the early phase of the virus life cycle , namely virus binding to CD 4 cells and interaction with CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although it is established that HIV 1 gp 120 interacts with CD 4 and the coreceptors CCR 5 or CXCR 4 at the plasma membrane during HIV entry , longer term interactions taking place between these molecules and HIV Env are less well understood . ^^^ We have measured the cell surface expression of CD 4 , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 on a CD4+ / CXCR4+CCR5+ T cell line following infection by cell line adapted X 4 and primary X 4 , X4R5 and R 5 viruses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that in cells with low to medium surface CD 4 density , coexpression of CCR 5 and CXCR 4 resulted in a significant reduction in the fusion with CXCR 4 domain ( X 4 ) envelope expressing cells and in their susceptibility to infection with X 4 viruses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interactions of CCR 5 and CXCR 4 with CD 4 and gp 120 in human blood monocyte derived dendritic cells . ^^^ It has been recently found that , in the presence of gp 120 , CD 4 can be efficiently coimmunoprecipitated by anti CXCR 4 antibodies from lymphocytes and monocytes but not from blood monocyte derived macrophages . ^^^ Here we report that , unlike macrophages but similar to lymphocytes and monocytes , human blood monocyte derived DC allow efficient complex formation among the HIV 1 coreceptor CXCR 4 , the primary receptor CD 4 , and the Env gp 120 ( LAV ) which parallels their fusion ability with cells expressing HIV 1 Env ( LAV ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inefficient formation of a complex among CXCR 4 , CD 4 and gp 120 in U 937 clones resistant to X 4 gp120 gp 41 mediated fusion . ^^^ Certain subclones ( designated as minus clones ) of the promonocytic U 937 cell line do not support efficient infection and fusion mediated by T cell line adapted ( TCLA ) X 4 HIV 1 gp 120 gp41 ( Env ) although the CXCR 4 and CD 4 concentrations at their surfaces are similar to those at the surfaces of clones susceptible to HIV 1 entry ( plus clones ) ( H . ^^^ To test the hypothesis that inefficient formation of gp 120 CD4 CXCR 4 complexes could contribute to the mechanism of resistance to Env mediated fusion in the minus clones , we incubated plus and minus cells with HIV 1 LAI gp 120 and coimmunoprecipitated CD 4 by using anti CXCR 4 antibodies . ^^^ Overexpression of CD 4 resulted in significant restoration of the minus clones ' susceptibility to fusion in parallel with an increase in the amount of the gp 120 CD4 CXCR 4 complexes . ^^^ These results not only suggest that the resistance to TCLA X 4 HIV 1 entry in the U 937 minus clones is due to the inability of these cells to efficiently form complexes among CD 4 , gp 120 , and CXCR 4 , but also provide a direct evidence for the correlation between fusion and the cell surface concentration of the complexes among CXCR 4 , CD 4 , and gp 120 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
AMD 3100 , a bicyclam , is a novel agent that uniquely inhibits the entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) into CD 4 ( + ) T cells via selective blockade of the chemokine CXCR 4 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In particular , the CXCR 4 ( LESTR / fusin ) receptor allows fusion and entry of T tropic strains of HIV , whereas CCR 5 is the major coreceptor used by primary HIV 1 strains that infect macrophages and CD 4 ( + ) T helper cells ( M tropic viruses ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IL 13 and TNF alpha inhibit dual tropic HIV 1 in primary macrophages by reduction of surface expression of CD 4 , chemokine receptors CCR 5 , CXCR 4 and post entry viral gene expression . ^^^ A quantitative flow cytometric assay revealed that IL 13 induced a significant ( approximately 50 % ) reduction in the number of CD 4 and CC chemokine receptor 5 ( CCR 5 ) antibody binding sites while completely abrogating surface expression of CXC chemokine receptor 4 ( CXCR 4 ) . ^^^ In the presence of IL 13 and TNF alpha , expression of CCR 5 was completely abrogated while the expression of CD 4 and CXCR 4 remained significantly reduced as compared to untreated controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The initial targets are activated and resting memory T cells that express both CD 4 and CCR 5 , but both naive and memory CD 4 T cells are targeted by viruses capable of using CXCR 4 for entry , and macrophages become the primary target cells when most CD 4 T cells are depleted . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The envelope glycoprotein of the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) utilizes CD 4 as a receptor and CCR 5 and / or CXCR 4 as coreceptor to gain entry into the cell . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glycosphingolipids promote entry of a broad range of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates into cell lines expressing CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and / or CCR 5 . ^^^ Treatment of human osteosarcoma cells , expressing CD 4 and various chemokine receptors , with the glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor 1 phenyl 2 hexadecanoylamino 3 morpholino 1 propanol ( PPMP ) , blocked target membrane glycosphingolipid ( GSL ) biosynthesis and reduced the susceptibility of cells to infection and fusion mediated by envelope glycoproteins from a variety of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) isolates that utilize CXCR 4 and / or CCR 5 . ^^^ PPMP treatment of the cell lines did not significantly change the cell surface expression of CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and / or CCR 5 , nor did it alter the chemokine receptor association with CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The infection of CD 4 negative cells by variants of tissue culture adapted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) or HIV 2 strains has been shown to be mediated by the CXCR 4 coreceptor . ^^^ Here we show that two in vitro established CD 4 ( ) / CCR5 ( ) / CXCR4 ( + ) human pre T cell lines ( A 3 and A 5 ) can be productively infected by wild type laboratory adapted T cell tropic HIV 1 and HIV 2 strains in a CD 4 independent , CXCR 4 dependent fashion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD4 and GHOST ( 3 ) engineered to express stably CD 4 and the chemokine receptors CCR 1 , CCR2b , CCR 3 , CCR 5 , or CXCR 4 , or the orphan receptors BOB / gpr15 or Bonzo / STRL33 / TYMSTR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The HIV 1 gp 120 inhibits the binding of adenosine deaminase to CD 26 by a mechanism modulated by CD 4 and CXCR 4 expression . ^^^ To further characterize this mechanism , we studied ADA binding to murine clones stably expressing human CD 26 and / or human CD 4 , and transiently expressing human CXCR 4 . ^^^ In cells lacking human CXCR 4 expression , this gp 120 mediated inhibition of ADA binding to human CD 26 was completely dependent on the expression of human CD 4 . ^^^ In contrast , when cells were transfected with human CXCR 4 the inhibitory effect of gp 120 was significantly enhanced and was not blocked by anti CD 4 antibodies . ^^^ These data suggest that the interaction of gp 120 with CD 4 or CXCR 4 is required for efficient inhibition of ADA binding to CD 26 , although in the presence of CXCR 4 the interaction of gp 120 with CD 4 may be dispensable . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DCs express CD 4 and several chemokine receptors , such as CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , which are important for viral entry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Neither coreceptor usage nor the expression level of CD 4 , CCR 5 , or CXCR 4 on chimpanzee PBMC compared to human cells could explain the phenotypic changes observed in these chimpanzee passaged viruses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cellular entry of HIV is mediated by the specific interaction of viral envelope glycoproteins with the cell surface marker CD 4 and a chemokine receptor ( CCR 5 or CXCR 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The sequential association of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) envelope glycoprotein gp 120 with CD 4 and a seven transmembrane segment coreceptor such as CCR 5 or CXCR 4 initiates entry of the virus into its target cell . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of CD 4 receptor together with CXCR 4 and / or CCR 5 coreceptor in the four lineages correlates with hematopoietic precursor susceptibility to T lymphotropic and macrophage ( M ) tropic HIV strains infection : ( 1 ) CD 4 ( ) G and E cells were resistant to both M tropic and T lymphotropic strains ; ( 2 ) HPC derived Mks were susceptible to T tropic , but resistant to M tropic , infection ; ( 3 ) Mo differentiating cells efficiently replicate both HIV strains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Differential level in co down modulation of CD 4 and CXCR 4 primed by HIV 1 gp 120 in response to phorbol ester , PMA , among HIV 1 isolates . ^^^ We found that T tropic gp120s were capable of priming co down modulation with tailless CD 4 by interacting with CXCR 4 , whereas M tropic SF 162 gp120 could not after PMA treatment even in the presence of CCR 5 . ^^^ Furthermore , the ability of gp 120 to prime the PMA induced co down modulation of tailless CD 4 appeared to be dependent on the concentration of the principal coreceptor CXCR 4 . ^^^ Nevertheless , the observation that IIIB gp 120 strongly primed tailless CD 4 co down modulation on human osteosarcoma HOS cells that express undetectable levels of surface CXCR 4 raised the possibility that membrane component ( s ) other than those recently identified can be involved in down modulation of the CD4 / gp120 complexes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , the alpha chemokine receptor CXCR 4 has been reported to mediate apoptosis in neuronal cells and in CD 4 ( + ) and CD 8 ( + ) T cells after its binding to HIV 1 envelope proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mucosal lymphocytes isolated from normal human intestine expressed CD 4 ( 14 , 530+ / 7970 antibody binding sites [ ABSs ] / cell ) , CCR 5 ( 2730+ / 1524 ABSs / cell ) , and CXCR 4 ( 2507+ / 1840 ABSs / cell ) , but intestinal macrophages , which also expressed CD 4 ( 2959+ / 2695 ABSs / cell ) , displayed no detectable CCR 5 or CXCR 4 ABS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Kinetics of CXCR 4 and CCR 5 up regulation and human immunodeficiency virus expansion after antigenic stimulation of primary CD 4 ( + ) T lymphocytes . ^^^ To mimic physiologic conditions , highly purified primary Staphylococcus enterotoxin B ( SEB ) reactive CD 4 T lymphocytes were stimulated in the presence of autologous antigen presenting cells and the kinetics of CCR 5 and CXCR 4 surface expression and HIV replication were studied . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Adenoids provide a microenvironment for the generation of CD 4 ( + ) , CD45RO ( + ) , L selectin ( ) , CXCR 4 ( + ) , CCR 5 ( + ) T lymphocytes , a lymphocyte phenotype found in the middle ear effusion . ^^^ It was found that most CD 4 ( + ) T lymphocytes in the middle ear effusion express the memory phenotype marker CD45RO and the chemokine receptors CXCR 4 and CCR 5 , but are negative for the lymphocyte homing receptor L selectin . ^^^ The results suggest that the adenoids provide a microenvironment for the generation for CD 4 ( + ) , CD45RO ( + ) , L selectin ( ) , CXCR 4 ( + ) and CCR 5 ( + ) T lymphocytes . ^^^ As the adenoidal CD 4 ( + ) memory phenotype CD45RO ( + ) T cells expressed the activation antigen CD 69 and included cells expressing the HIV co receptors CXCR 4 and CCR 5 at a high level , they may be permissive for HIV infection . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Extensive screening revealed that TGF beta isoforms induce the expression of CXCR 4 on CD 4 T cells in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lamina propria lymphocytes expressed CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 . ^^^ In contrast , lamina propria macrophages expressed CD 4 but not CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Expression of CCR 5 and CXCR 4 was quantified by flow cytometry on isolated mucosal CD 4 lymphocytes obtained from endoscopic biopsies and blood from healthy controls . ^^^ CXCR 4 was expressed on the majority of CD 4 lymphocytes in both compartments . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Enhanced expression of CXCR 4 and CCR 5 on CD 4 lymphocytes in normal intestinal mucosa predicts increased vulnerability to infection by both R 5 and X 4 HIV 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Flow cytometry revealed that uninfected AML14 . 3D10 cells were positive for the HIV 1 receptor CD 4 and coreceptors CXCR 4 and CCR 5 ; the cell line was negative for CCR 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To address this issue we phenotyped 35 selected hematopoietic cell lines for the expression of CD 4 , CXCR 4 and CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Up regulation of HIV coreceptors CXCR 4 and CCR 5 on CD 4 ( + ) T cells during human endotoxemia and after stimulation with ( myco ) bacterial antigens : the role of cytokines . ^^^ The expression of CXCR 4 and CCR 5 on CD 4 ( + ) T cells was increased 2 to 4 fold , 4 to 6 hours after LPS injection . ^^^ In whole blood in vitro , LPS induced a time and dose dependent increase in the expression of CXCR 4 and CCR 5 on CD 4 ( + ) T cells . ^^^ Intercurrent infections during HIV infection may up regulate CXCR 4 and CCR 5 on CD 4 ( + ) T cells , at least in part via the action of cytokines . ^^^ Such infections may favor selectivity of HIV for CD 4 ( + ) T cells expressing CXCR 4 . ( Blood . 2000 ; 96 : 2649 2654 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We observed a differential expression of HIV 1 coreceptors within CD45RA ( + ) and CD45RO ( + ) cells , which allowed us to isolate virus from purified CCR 5 ( + ) CXCR 4 ( ) and CCR 5 ( ) CXCR 4 ( + ) CD 4 ( + ) cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We sought to unravel the relationships between this oligomeric structure and the requirements for sequential interactions with CD 4 and coreceptor ( CCR 5 or CXCR 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV ( human immunodeficiency virus ) 1 Env is displayed on the surface of infected cells and subsequently incorporated into virions , which is necessary for the initiation of a viral infection by recognition of the CD 4 and the chemokine receptors ( such as CCR 5 or CXCR 4 ) on the surface of new target cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have therefore utilized H 9 cells to test the effects of Product R on expression of mRNAs encoding the chemokine receptors , CD 4 , CXCR 4 and CCR 5 , as well as their ligands , IL 16 , SDF 1 , MIP 1alpha , MIP 1beta , and RANTES , by RT PCR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No intergroup differences were found in the surface expression of HLA DR , CD 25 , CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , CCR 3 on CD 4 T cells , or monocytes before infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , when animals in the terminal stages of SIV infection ( with AIDS ) were examined , virtually no CCR 5 expressing CD 4 ( + ) T cells were found in lymphoid tissues , and all of the remaining CD 4 ( + ) T cells were naive and coexpressed CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cells stably transfected with a lymphotropic HIV 1 Env gene form syncytia when cocultured with CD 4 ( + ) CXCR 4 ( + ) cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both viruses utilize the CD 4 receptor and CXCR 4 co receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CCR 5 and CXC chemokine receptor 4 ( CXCR 4 ) are coreceptors for CD 4 as defined by HIV 1 glycoprotein ( gp ) 120 binding . ^^^ The recent findings that pretreatment of T cells with a natural CD 4 ligand , IL 16 , could alter cellular responsiveness to macrophage inflammatory protein 1ss ( MIP 1ss ) stimulation , prompted us to investigate whether IL 16 could also alter CXCR 4 signaling . ^^^ Using murine T cell hybridomas transfected to express native or mutated forms of CD 4 , it was determined that IL 16 / CD4 induces a p 56 ( lck ) dependent inhibitory signal for CXCR 4 , which is independent of its tyrosine catalytic activity . ^^^ These studies indicate the mechanism of CXCR 4 receptor desensitization induced by a natural ligand for CD 4 , IL 16 , is distinct from the inhibitory effects induced by either gp 120 or IL 16 on CCR5 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results indicate that SDF 1 CXCR 4 interactions play important roles in CD 4 ( + ) memory T cell accumulation in the RA synovium , and emphasize the role of stromal cells in regulating rheumatoid inflammation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate chemokine receptor expression by T ( h ) subsets in vivo , we analyzed cytokine ( IL 2 , IL 4 and IFN gamma ) and chemokine receptor ( CXCR 3 , CXCR 4 , CCR 3 , CCR 4 and CCR 5 ) mRNA expression by individual peripheral CD 4 ( + ) memory T cells after short term stimulation , employing a single cell RT PCR method . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although HIV 2ROD and SIVmnd infected both NP 2 / CD4 / CXCR4 and NP 2 / CD4 / CCR5 cells , only CXCR 4 and CCR 5 , respectively , were used in CD 4 independent infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The CXC chemokine receptor CXCR 4 was the first molecule identified as a coreceptor working in conjunction with CD 4 to mediate cellular entry for the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CXCR 4 is down regulated in cells infected with the CD 4 independent X 4 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate m7NDK . ^^^ We have previously characterized the first CD 4 independent HIV 1 X 4 isolate m7NDK , which directly interacts with CXCR 4 through its mutated gp 120 . ^^^ We present evidence of the down regulation of CXCR 4 membrane expression in CD 4 positive or negative cells chronically infected with the HIV 1 m7NDK , a phenomenon which is not observed in the CD 4 dependent HIV 1 NDK parental strain . ^^^ This down regulation of CXCR 4 was demonstrated by fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis and was confirmed by the absence of CXCR 4 functionality in m7NDK infected cells , independently of the presence of CD 4 protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Flow cytometric analyses revealed that Mono Mac 1 are positive for the HIV 1 primary receptor ( CD 4 ) , as well as for the coreceptors ( CXCR 4 , CCR 5 , and CCR 3 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The pivotal discovery that two chemokine receptors , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , serve along with the T cell receptor interacting CD 4 molecule as the principal co receptors for HIV 1 entry stimulated a search for common genetic polymorphism in their genes which might affect the course of AIDS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Down regulation of CXCR 4 transcription was detected in HHV 6A infected JJHAN and HHV 6B infected MT 4 cell lines , as we had previously reported for HHV 6 infected peripheral blood CD 4 ( + ) T lymphocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , CXCR 4 activation by X 4 HIVenv induces a caspase independent death of both uninfected CD 4 and CD 8 T cells and infected CD 4 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gp 120 had ten times lower affinity for CXCR 4 than CD 4 , implying that a substantial role for cellular CD 4 may be to facilitate binding of the viral envelope to CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CCR 5 ( + ) T cells predominated in the CD 38 ( ) subset , although cell surface expression of CD 4 and CXCR 4 was almost similar between both subsets . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , RT PCR revealed the presence of CXCR 4 and CCR 5 mRNA , but not CD 4 in HLMEC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In an in vitro coculture model of monocyte derived , cultured human dendritic cells ( DC ) with autologous CD 4 ( + ) resting T cells , CCR 5 ( R 5 ) tropic strains of HIV 1 , but not CXCR 4 ( X 4 ) tropic strains , were transmitted to resting CD4+ T cells , leading to prolific viral output , although DC were susceptible to infection with either strain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Productive HIV infection in these three DC populations correlated positively with cell surface expression of CD 4 , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Patients with active tuberculosis have increased expression of HIV coreceptors CXCR 4 and CCR 5 on CD 4 ( + ) T cells . ^^^ Expression of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) coreceptors CXCR 4 and CCR 5 was found to be elevated on CD 4 ( + ) T cells ( 1 ) in blood samples obtained from patients with tuberculosis and ( 2 ) in blood samples obtained from healthy subjects and stimulated with mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan in vitro . ^^^ These data suggest that the increase in HIV viremia that occurs in association with tuberculosis may result from up regulation of CXCR 4 and CCR 5 on CD 4 ( + ) T cells , thereby causing acceleration of HIV infection . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cyanovirin N , a potent human immunodeficiency virus inactivating protein , blocks both CD 4 dependent and CD 4 independent binding of soluble gp 120 ( sgp 120 ) to target cells , inhibits sCD 4 induced binding of sgp 120 to cell associated CXCR 4 , and dissociates bound sgp 120 from target cells . ^^^ Here we present evidence that ( 1 ) CV N impairs both CD 4 dependent and CD 4 independent binding of sgp 120 to the target cells , ( 2 ) CV N blocks the sCD 4 induced binding of sgp 120 with cell associated coreceptor CXCR 4 , and ( 3 ) CV N dissociates bound sgp 120 from target cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To initiate infection , HIV 1 requires a primary receptor , CD 4 , and a secondary receptor , principally the chemokine receptor CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The fusion of HIV 1 with the plasma membrane of CD4+ cells is triggered by the interaction of HIV 1 surface envelope glycoprotein gp 120 with the CD 4 receptor , and requires coreceptors ( CCR 5 and CXCR 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two of the chemokine receptors examined , CCR 3 and CXCR 4 , can be used as co receptor together with CD 4 for HIV entry , but neither was expressed during the second trimester of pregnancy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : The number of CCR 5 and CXCR 4 molecules on CD 4 lymphocytes in the LN were significantly higher than in PBMC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In murine 3T3 fibroblasts , the block to HIV 1 entry is relieved by the introduction of human CD 4 and CCR 5 or CXCR 4 , and proviral expression is increased by the introduction of the Tat cofactor , human cyclin T 1 ; however , because of the assembly block , virus fails to spread . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , and CD 4 are clustered and closely apposed on microvilli of human macrophages and T cells . ^^^ The chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 act synergistically with CD 4 in an ordered multistep mechanism to allow the binding and entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) . ^^^ Cells were fixed , cryoprocessed , and frozen ; 80 nm cryosections were double labeled with combinations of CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , and CD 4 antibodies and then stained with immunogold . ^^^ Surprisingly , CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , and CD 4 were found predominantly on microvilli and appeared to form homogeneous microclusters in all cell types examined , including macrophages and T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD 4 , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 on the surface of the sperm , by flow cytometry . ^^^ Spermatozoa did not express significant levels of CD 4 , CCR 5 or CXCR 4 , suggesting that they are unlikely to be major targets for HIV infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For all strains tested that are dual tropic in vitro , severe CD 4 T cell depletion in lymphoid tissue correlated with preferential CXCR 4 use in this ex vivo system . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , CD 26 codistributes with CXCR 4 , and both coimmunoprecipitate from membranes of T ( CD 4 ( + ) ) and B ( CD 4 ( ) ) cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV 1 infection of susceptible cells is mediated by the specific interaction of viral envelope glycoproteins with the cell surface CD 4 receptor and a chemokine coreceptor , CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In two study subjects , arginine substitutions at position 306 , associated with use of the chemokine coreceptor CXCR 4 , were preferentially found in CD 4 lymphocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate these changes , the expression patterns of two chemokine receptors , CXCR 3 and CXCR 4 , were compared on CD 4 ( + ) T cells following activation in the MLR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cells were stimulated with IL 10 for 24 h and stained with specific antibodies to CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , CD 4 , CD 3 , CD11c and CD 14 for flow cytometry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Enhanced infection of an X 4 strain of HIV 1 due to capping and colocalization of CD 4 and CXCR 4 induced by capsianoside G , a diterpene glycoside . ^^^ The capsianoside G treated cells had no change in the expression level of CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 , however , colocalization and capping of CD 4 and CXCR 4 , but not of CD 4 and CCR 5 was observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A CD 4 independent version of the X 4 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) HXBc 2 envelope ( Env ) protein , termed 8x , mediates infection of CD 4 negative , CXCR 4 positive cells , binds directly to CXCR 4 in the absence of CD 4 due to constitutive exposure of a conserved coreceptor binding site in the gp 120 subunit , and is more sensitive to antibody mediated neutralization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CCR 5 independent fusion was not mediated by CXCR 4 and was CD 4 dependent , while CCR 5 mediated fusion was partly independent of CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All peptides bound to CXCR 4 and inhibited HIV entry in a functional assay on CD 4 ( + ) HeLa cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The coreceptor usage of chimeric viruses was related to the ability of the virus to bind CD 4 , with reduced CD 4 binding correlating with preferential usage of CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As determined by flow cytometric analyses , this inhibition was not apparently due to downregulation of CD 4 , CXCR 4 or LFA 1 , three distinct surface glycoproteins known to be important in HIV 1 mediated syncytium formation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , the expanded population was able to generate lymphoid B ( CD 19 ( + ) ) , NK ( CD 56 ( + ) ) , and T ( CD 4 ( + ) CD 8 ( + ) ) cells in liquid or fetal thymic organ cultures , while expression of the homing antigen CXCR 4 was similar on expanded and nonexpanded CD 133 ( + ) or CD 34 ( + ) cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mast cells / basophils in the peripheral blood of allergic individuals who are HIV 1 susceptible due to their surface expression of CD 4 and the chemokine receptors CCR 3 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 . ^^^ This study now shows that these metachromatic cells express on their surface the high affinity IgE receptor ( FcepsilonRI ) , CD 4 , and the chemokine receptors CCR 3 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 , but not the T cell surface protein CD 3 and the monocyte / macrophage surface protein CD 68 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A gradual evolution to CXCR 4 chemokine receptor use causes a shift in the proportion of productively infected cells to the CD 4 cell population . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This system is also valid for the mouse model to quantitate circulating SDF 1 concentration in vivo and thereby its correlation with CXCR 4 expression level on CD 4 ( + ) T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Resistant cells express HIV 1 receptors CD 4 and CXCR 4 and display resistance to infection by wild type ( wt ) HIV 1 at the level of virus transcription . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To measure CCR 5 and CXCR 4 chemokine receptor expression on CD 4 and CD 8 T cells in HIV 1 infection and to relate levels to the distribution of CD45RO memory and CD45RA naive subsets , measures of disease activity , and response to highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) . ^^^ METHODS : Four color cytofluorometry with appropriate conjugated monoclonal antibodies ( mAbs ) was performed to define CD45RA and CD45RO subsets of CD 4 and CD 8 T cells and measure their expression of CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , and CD 38 . ^^^ RESULTS : HIV 1 infected patients had higher CCR 5 levels and lower CXCR 4 levels on CD 4 and CD 8 T cells and their CD45RO / CD45RA subsets than control subjects did . ^^^ However , CCR 5 elevation was statistically significant only for CD 4 T cells and their subsets , and CXCR 4 depression was significant for CD 8 T cells and their subsets ( and for CD 4 : CD45RO cells ) . ^^^ CCR 5 elevation on CD 4 T cells was significantly restored toward normal by HAART , but the CXCR 4 depression was not . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells ( pcDC ) and myeloid dendritic cells ( myDC ) are shown to express CD 4 and low levels of CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , but only myDC express DC SIGN , a C type lectin that binds human immunodeficiency virus but does not mediate virus entry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As host factors which may influence the viral infection we determined the expression of virus receptors CD 4 , CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 3 as well as the secretion of the natural ligands of CCR 5 , which altogether showed no correlation with HIV 1 infectibility of the cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To get insight into the signal transduction pathways connecting CXCR 4 to apoptosis following gp 120 binding , we used different cell lines expressing wild type CXCR 4 and a truncated form of CD 4 that binds gp 120 but lacks the ability to transduce signals . ^^^ The present study demonstrates that ( 1 ) the interaction of cell associated gp 120 with CXCR 4 expressing target cells triggers a rapid dissipation of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential resulting in the cytosolic release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to cytosol , concurrent with activation of caspase 9 and 3 ; ( 2 ) this apoptotic process is independent of Fas signaling ; and ( 3 ) cooperation with a CD 4 signal is not required . ^^^ In addition , following coculture with cells expressing gp 120 , a Fas independent apoptosis involving mitochondria and caspase activation is also observed in primary umbilical cord blood CD 4 ( + ) T lymphocytes expressing high levels of CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It has been previously shown that the HIV 1 envelope glycoprotein 120 ( gp 120 ) activates cell signaling by CXCR 4 , independently of CD 4 . ^^^ The present study examines the involvement of different intracellular signaling pathways and their physiopathologic consequences following the CD 4 independent interaction between CXCR 4 or CCR 5 and gp 120 in different cell types : primary T cells , CD 4 ( ) / CXCR4 ( + ) / CCR5 ( + ) T cells , or glioma cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Monoclonal antibodies ( MAb ) to CD 4 , CXCR 4 , CCR 5 , and CCR 3 were tested for their ability to block VSV ( HIV 1 ) infection of syncytiotrophoblast cells . ^^^ Neither the anti CD 4 nor the anti CXCR 4 , anti CCR 5 , and anti CCR 3 MAb had any inhibitory effect on infection of syncytiotrophoblast cells with VSV ( HIV 1 ) pseudotypes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The recent discovery of CCR 5 and CXCR 4 as essential entry co receptors together with CD 4 has highlighted a novel and potentially important step in the pharmacological hunt for more effective antiviral agents . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The G protein coupled receptor CXCR 4 is a coreceptor , along with CD 4 , for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) and has been implicated in breast cancer metastasis . ^^^ Thus , although similar regions of X 4 and R 5 HIV 1 gp120s appear to be involved in binding CXCR 4 and CCR 5 , respectively , differences exist in nonspecific binding to cell surfaces , affinity for the chemokine receptor , and CD 4 dependence at low temperature . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The induction of tissue factor by gp 120 is mediated by two biologically relevant coreceptors for HIV infection , CXCR 4 and CCR 5 , and is also dependent on the presence of functional CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The presence or absence of the receptor CD 4 and the coreceptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 restrict the cell tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SVG A cells were susceptible to infection by a T cell tropic isolate and the infection was both CD 4 and CXCR 4 independent . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MATERIAL AND METHODS : KS derived cells and KS Y 1 cells were investigated using RT PCR for the expression of CD 4 , CCR 3 , CCR 5 , CCR 8 and CXCR 4 mRNA . ^^^ RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : With the exception of CCR 8 which is expressed by KS derived spindle cell cultures but not by KS Y 1 cells , unstimulated KS cells express no significant levels of CD 4 , CCR 3 , CCR 5 or CXCR 4 mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Infection was greatly increased when the prototypical X 4 receptors , CD 4 and CXCR 4 , were expressed on the SVG A cells ( SVGCD 4 X4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The molecular mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) entry into cells involves specific interactions between the viral envelope glycoprotein gp 120 and two target cell proteins , CD 4 and either CCR 5 or CXCR 4 chemokine receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MuLV / HIV 1 pseudotyped retroviral vectors selectively target gene transfer to human cells expressing both CD 4 and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Continuous cultivation of T lymphoid C 8166 cells in the presence of pharmacological relevant concentration of cytarabine ( Ara C ) results in significantly decreased expression of CD 4 and CXCR 4 molecules , the major cellular receptor and co receptor of T lymphotropic HIV 1 isolates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This was reflected in a loss of chemoattractant activity for CD 34 ( + ) hematopoietic progenitor stem cells and pre B cells , and unlike full length SDF 1alpha , the MMP cleaved chemokine was unable to block CXCR 4 dependent human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection of CD 4 ( + ) cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both DC populations expressed CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fusion mediated by the CD 4 independent HIV 1 Env 8x , which is capable of interacting directly with CXCR 4 , proceeds with a greatly reduced lag phase . ^^^ We probed the intermediate steps during the lag phase in HIV 1 IIIB Env mediated fusion with Leu 3 a , an inhibitor of attachment of gp 120 to CD 4 , AMD 3100 , an inhibitor of attachment of gp 120 to CXCR 4 , and C 34 , a synthetic peptide that interferes with the transition of gp 41 to the fusion active state . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) interacts with its target cells through CD 4 and a coreceptor , generally CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^ Macrophages display CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 that are competent for binding and entry of virus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Envelope glycoproteins ( Envs ) of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 ( HIV 2 ) are frequently able to use chemokine receptors , CXCR 4 or CCR 5 , in the absence of CD 4 . ^^^ However , while these Envs are commonly dual tropic , no isolate has been described to date that is CD 4 independent on both CXCR 4 and CCR 5 . ^^^ In this report we show that a variant of HIV 2 / NIHz , termed HIV 2 / vcp , previously shown to utilize CXCR 4 without CD 4 , is also CD 4 independent on rhesus ( rh ) CCR 5 , but requires CD 4 to fuse with human ( hu ) CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These progenitors expressed CCR 3 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 , as well as low levels of CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we examined the disposition of these features during the fusion of HeLa cells expressing either HIV ( HXB 2 ) envelope ( Env cells ) or CXCR 4 and CD 4 ( target cells ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV 1 infects target cells via a receptor complex formed by CD 4 and a chemokine receptor , primarily CCR 5 or CXCR 4 ( ref . 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The finding that in addition to CD 4 molecule HIV 1 uses , CCR 5 or CXCR 4 receptors to enter target cells prompted the research to identify polymorphisms in coreceptor genes affecting disease progression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We identified five human T lymphoid cell lines ( PB 1 , Sez 4 , C19PL , HUT 102B and ATL 2 ) which highly express CD 4 in addition to CXCR 4 and CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Infection was inhibited by SDF 1 on cells expressing CD 4 and CXCR 4 for both viruses , whereas RANTES abolished infection of cells expressing CCR 5 in addition to CD 4 in studies of the RV expressing HIV 1 ( 89 . 6 ) Env . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Via this mechanism , DC SIGN significantly enhances the infection of CD 4 ( + ) co receptor ( CCR 5 or CXCR 4 ) ( + ) T lymphocytes in trans . ^^^ The DC SIGN ( + ) Hofbauer cells co express CD 4 and the chemokine receptors , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , observations which may account for the ability of these cells to become infected with HIV . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We screened a number of Epstein Barr virus ( EBV ) positive and negative Burkitt ' s lymphoma ( BL ) B cell lines as well as subpopulations of normal B cells that include tonsillar naive and germinal center / memory B cells for the expression of HIV 1 receptors CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 . ^^^ Cell lines and resting or activated normal B cells lacked CD 4 and CCR 5 but expressed CXCR 4 . ^^^ HIV 1 ( HTLV 3 ( B ) ) infection of CA 46 cells was mediated through CXCR 4 in a CD 4 independent manner and correlated with upregulation of the expression of B cell activation markers CD 23 and CD 95 ( Fas receptor ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chimeric human mouse fetal thymus organ culture ( FTOC ) seeded with purified CD 34 ( + ) thymic progenitors and treated with neutralizing antibodies against SDF 1 or CXCR 4 showed a significant reduction of the number of human thymocytes and an arrested thymocyte differentiation in the transition between CD 34 ( + ) precursor cells and CD 4 ( + ) immature thymocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All six pseudoviruses were infectious and exhibited expected coreceptor usage phenotype in HOS CD 4 cells expressing either CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Exposure of this epitope occurred in the absence of CD 4 binding , suggesting that the envelope glycoprotein of pathogenic SHIV ( SF33A ) clones folded in a conformation that was primed for interaction with CXCR 4 or for the subsequent step of fusion . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Segregation of CD 4 and CXCR 4 into distinct lipid microdomains in T lymphocytes suggests a mechanism for membrane destabilization by human immunodeficiency virus . ^^^ Accordingly , as determined by immunofluorescence with confocal microscopy , CD 4 and CXCR 4 did not coaggregate into antibody induced cell surface patches or into patches of CXCR 4 that formed naturally at the ruffled edges of adherent cells . ^^^ The CXCR 4 fluorescent patches were extracted with cold 1 % Triton 10 100 , whereas the CD 4 patches were resistant . ^^^ In stringent support of these data , CD 4 colocalized with patches of cholera toxin bound to the raft associated sphingoglycolipid GM 1 , whereas CXCR 4 did not . ^^^ Moreover , binding of purified monomeric gp 120 envelope glycoproteins from strains of HIV 1 that use this coreceptor did not stimulate detectable redistributions of CD 4 or CXCR 4 between their separate membrane domains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Utilizing highly purified full term trophoblasts , we demonstrate that full term trophoblasts express CXCR 4 but are negative for CCR 5 and CD 4 cell surface proteins . ^^^ However , full term trophoblasts could be infected by a CD 4 independent , CXCR 4 utilizing HIV 1 strain , as demonstrated by substantial p 24 ( 5 . 5 ng / ml ) levels and HIV 1 gag / pol DNA content ( 3050 copies / microg ) 7 days postinfection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CCR 5 expression was increased in both CD 4 + and CD 8 + subsets , whereas CXCR 4 expression was upregulated only in CD 4 + cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of this study was to determine whether variabilities observed in the susceptibility of THP 1 cells to HIV 1 infection may be related to the differential expression of CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 . ^^^ Both propagation and PMA treatment of THP 1 cells resulted in a marked decrease in CD 4 positive cells , whereas the expression of CCR 5 and CXCR 4 was not reduced during propagation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show that ( 1 ) CLIV does not interfere with Env binding to CD 4 and does not interact with the binding site of Env on CXCR 4 ; ( 2 ) CLIV does not inhibit protease activities already reported to play a role in fusion ; and ( 3 ) the pharmacophore is composed of cleavage site 1 with amino acid residues at its C terminal end . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , there were no differences in the surface expression of IL 4 receptor or HIV 1 receptors CD 4 and CXCR 4 between the two subsets . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have described a CD 4 independent variant of HXBc 2 , termed 8x , that binds directly to CXCR 4 and mediates CD 4 independent virus infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GHOST ( 3 ) cells were derived from the human osteosarcoma cell line , HOS , and have been engineered to stably express CD 4 and one or another of the chemokine receptors CCR 3 , CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , Bonzo , or the orphan receptor BOB . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sequential isolates from eight cynomolgus monkeys experimentally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus ( SIVsm , of sooty mangabey origin ) were tested for coreceptor use in the human osteosarcoma indicator cell line , GHOST ( 3 ) , expressing CD 4 and one or another of the chemokine receptors CCR 3 , CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , BOB , or the orphan receptor Bonzo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We examined the role of CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 in HIV envelope mediated apoptosis by measuring the response of activated PBMCs to recombinant envelope proteins derived from CXCR 4 and CCR 5 utilizing viruses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) entry into a host cell requires the fusion of virus and cellular membranes that is driven by interaction of the viral envelope glycoproteins gp 120 and gp 41 ( gp120 / gp41 ) with CD 4 and a coreceptor , typically either CXCR 4 or CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cell lines from this infection , termed R 1 , expressed CD 4 and CXCR 4 , carried low levels of HIV 1 DNA , but expressed no other detectable viral products and were resistant to infection by wild type HIV 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Coreceptor use was tested on human cell lines , expressing CD 4 together with CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , and other chemokine receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To study CD 4 ENV coreceptor interactions , we characterized hybrid receptors having domains 1 and 2 of CD 4 ( D1D2 CD 4 ) joined to the N terminus of chemokine receptors CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , CXCR 2 , and DARC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) are classified according to the chemokine receptor ( coreceptor ) used in conjunction with CD 4 to target and enter cells : viruses using CCR 5 and CXCR 4 are classified as R 5 and X 4 , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Uninfected syncytiotrophoblast cells were found to express CXCR 4 and CCR 3 but not CD 4 or CCR 5 receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Kappa opioid receptor agonist inhibition of HIV 1 envelope glycoprotein mediated membrane fusion and CXCR 4 expression on CD 4 ( + ) lymphocytes . ^^^ Using flow cytometry , we demonstrated that the chemokine co receptor CXCR 4 , but not CD 4 , is down regulated as a consequence of KOR activation , with 44 . 2+ / 3 . 5 % suppression at 10 ( 10 ) M U 50 , 488 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Biochemical fractionation and confocal imaging of HIV 1 receptor distribution in live cells demonstrated that CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 colocalized with raft resident markers , ganglioside GM 1 , and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored CD 48 . ^^^ While confocal microscopy analysis revealed that HIV 1 receptors localized most likely to the same lipid microdomains , sucrose gradient analysis of the receptor localization showed that , in contrast to CD 4 and CCR 5 , CXCR 4 was associated preferentially with the nonraft membrane fraction . ^^^ Colocalization of CCR 5 with GM 1 and gp 120 upon engagement of CD 4 and CXCR 4 by HIV 1 further supports our observation that HIV 1 receptors localize to the same lipid rafts in PM 1 T cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have identified a subset of CD 56 ( + ) CD 3 ( ) human natural killer ( NK ) cells that express CD 4 and the HIV coreceptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 . ^^^ These cells can be productively infected in vitro by both CCR 5 and CXCR 4 using molecular clones of HIV 1 in a CD 4 dependent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV 1 typically uses CD 4 and a co receptor such as CCR 5 or CXCR 4 to enter cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It was , therefore , tested whether hybrid genes of CD 4 and CXCR 4 are also able to yield ' receptor ' vectors . ^^^ A construct containing the four extracellular loops of CD 4 fused to CXCR 4 ( CD 4 D4 X 4 ) allowed gene transfer into HIV 1 envelope expressing cells by vectors based on either MLV or lentiviruses . ^^^ Vector titres obtained by hybrid receptors were slightly lower than published titres obtained by separate expression of CD 4 and CXCR 4 . ^^^ Thus , CD 4 D4 CXCR 4 hybrids are useful for the generation of retroviral and lentiviral vectors with specificity for HIV 1 envelope expressing cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cross linking of HIV on permissive cells results aggregation of HIV particles with surface nucleolin , CD 4 , and CXCR 4 , but without affecting the organization of CD 45 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results show the presence of mRNA for CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 chemokine receptors on baboon microglial cells . ^^^ We also show productive infection of baboon microglial cells by two SHIV isolates , SHIV KU and SHIV 89 . 6P , and blockade of the infection with soluble CD 4 protein , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 monoclonal antibodies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A marked down regulation of both CD 4 and CXCR 4 expression was associated with this effect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By contrast , these viruses are unchanged in their sensitivities to soluble CD 4 , the CXCR 4 coreceptor ligand SDF 1alpha , and human anti HIV immunoglobulin , reagents that impact the initial , receptor induced conformational changes in the envelope glycoprotein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Besides CD 4 , which is the major receptor for HIV 1 and SIV , a number of chemokine receptors including but not limited to APJ , CCR 3 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 may be coreceptors for HIV 1 / SIV , not only in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues but also in the central nervous system ( CNS ) . ^^^ The present studies reveal the lack of CD 4 , but the significant expression of various chemokine receptors , APJ , CCR 3 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 , plus C type lectins DC SIGN and L SIGN on isolated primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells ( MVECs ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Neither of these cell lines expresses surface CD 4 ; however , both express the alternative epithelial receptor galactosylceramide and the coreceptor CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , both CD 4 ( + ) and CD 4 ( ) NKT cells frequently express both CXCR 4 and CCR 5 HIV coreceptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Some retroviruses such as HIV 1 and HIV 2 utilize one receptor for high affinity binding ( CD 4 ) , and a separate coreceptor to mediate fusion of the viral envelope with the cell membrane ( CCR 5 or CXCR 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human adipose cells express CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 [ corrected ] receptors : a new target cell type for the immunodeficiency virus 1 . ^^^ The aim of this paper is to present evidence of the expression of CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 receptors by human adipocytes and to test whether adipose cells support HIV entry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previous studies have suggested that these interactions are possible because HIV 1 receptors CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 partition in cholesterol enriched membrane raft domains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Efficient HIV 1 entry typically requires binding of the viral envelope glycoproteins and host cell receptors , CD 4 and either CCR 5 or CXCR 4 chemokine receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Follicular dendritic cell mediated up regulation of CXCR 4 expression on CD 4 T cells and HIV pathogenesis . ^^^ Because CD 4 T cells around FDCs in germinal centers express the HIV coreceptor , CXCR 4 , whereas CD 4 lymphocytes in many other sites do not , it prompted the hypothesis that FDCs may increase CXCR 4 expression on CD 4 T cells , thereby facilitating infection . ^^^ FDCs had little effect on CCR 5 or CD 4 expression but increased CXCR 4 expression on CD 4 T cells . ^^^ FDC mediated up regulation of CXCR 4 on CD 4 T cells occurred by 24 h and was sustained for at least 96 h in vitro , and FDC CD 4 T cell contact was necessary . ^^^ Furthermore , CD 4 ( + ) CD 57 ( + ) germinal center T cells expressed high levels of CXCR 4 and supported enhanced entry of X 4 HIV compared with other CD 4 T cells from the same tissue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Upon binding to the host cell receptor CD 4 , gp 120 assumes a conformation that is recognized by the second receptor , CCR 5 and / or CXCR 4 , and by the CD 4 induced ( CD4i ) antibodies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) envelope ( Env ) glycoprotein ( gp ) 120 is a highly disulfide bonded molecule that attaches HIV to the lymphocyte surface receptors CD 4 and CXCR 4 . ^^^ Using a sensitive assay based on a thiol reagent , we show that ( 1 ) the thiol content of gp 120 , either secreted by mammalian cells or bound to a lymphocyte surface enabling CD 4 but not CXCR 4 binding , was 0 . 5 1 pmol SH / pmol gp 120 ( SH / gp120 ) , whereas that of gp 120 after its interaction with a surface enabling both CD 4 and CXCR 4 binding was raised to 4 SH / gp120 ; ( 2 ) PDI inhibitors prevented this change ; and ( 3 ) gp 120 displaying 2 SH / gp120 exhibited CD 4 but not CXCR 4 binding capacity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cell entry is mediated through the CD 4 receptor and a variety of coreceptors , most importantly the chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The lack of a gp 120 mediated signaling response was not due to decreased gp 120 receptor levels ; CD 4 expression was modified neither by IL 7 nor by TCR engagement , and high levels of functional CXCR 4 were present on IL 7 treated lymphocytes . ^^^ In addition to CD 4 and CXCR 4 , recent evidence suggests that glycosphingolipids in raft microdomains serve as cofactors for HIV 1 fusion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The fusion inhibitor T 20 and CXCR 4 antagonist AMD 3100 are synergistic in vitro at blocking infection of PBMC with clinical isolates [ 115 ] and T 20 combined with the CD 4 inhibitor PRO 542 have synergistic in vitro effects , with more than 10 fold greater inhibition of R 5 , X 4 , and R5X4 strains than either agent alone [ 116 ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Engineered CD 4 and CXCR 4 using simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkeys is neutralization sensitive and replicates in nonstimulated lymphocytes . ^^^ The putative coreceptor binding domain , the V 3 region of the surface envelope ( SU ) glycoprotein , was replaced by the V 3 loop of a CD 4 and CXCR 4 tropic HIV 1 strain . ^^^ The resulting virus , termed SIVagm 3 X4mc , exclusively used CD 4 and CXCR 4 for cell entry . ^^^ Our study describes for the first time a successful exchange of a V 3 loop in nonpathogenic SIVagm resulting in CD 4 and CXCR 4 usage and modulation of virus replication in nonstimulated PBMCs as well as sensitivity toward neutralization . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD 4 and the chemokine receptors , CXCR 4 and CCR 5 , serve as receptors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) . ^^^ Removal of the gp 120 V1 / V2 variable loops allows the envelope glycoprotein to bind CXCR 4 in a CD 4 independent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IPC express surface molecules CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 , which are known coreceptors required for human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , HIV 1 replicates in activated human CD 4 ( + ) T cells , monocytes , and metabolically active human cells of a variety of cell types become permissive for HIV 1 replication when transduced to express CD 4 and CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis indicated that treatment of lymphocytes with MbetaCD reduced the colocalization of CD 4 or of CXCR 4 with actin presumably in microvilli . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A subset of TCRgammadelta cells and CD 161 expressing thymocytes express CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 during development in the thymus and are susceptible to HIV 1 infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In particular , the studies presented herein concern the role of the gp 120 V3 loop in the CD 4 binding , the importance of the N terminal sequence of HIV coreceptor CCR 5 , the sequences patterned on CXCR 4 natural ligand ( stromal derived factor 1 [ SDF 1 ] ) as inhibitory peptides , and the importance of substrate secondary structure in determining the enzymatic processing of gp 120 precursor ( gp 160 ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These HIV inhibitory V 3 peptides exhibited specific binding to target cells that was not competed by antibodies to either the primary receptor CD 4 or the co receptors CXCR 4 and CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we examined the disposition and antigenic nature of these structures during the HIV mediated fusion of HeLa cells expressing either HIV ( HXB 2 ) envelope ( Env cells ) or CXCR 4 and CD 4 ( target cells ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CXCR 4 activation in CD 4 T cells by SDF1alpha led to the activation of the prosurvival second messengers , Akt and extracellular signal regulated protein kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Macrophages in lesions had significantly increased expression of CCR 5 and CXCR 4 compared with peripheral blood cells , and CD 4 T cells had significant up regulation of CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cells containing integrated HIV 1 LTR linked to the beta gal gene and expressing CD 4 and coreceptors CXCR 4 or CCR 5 were used to measure virus infectivity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A significantly higher induction of the chemokine receptor CXCR 4 was observed on CD4+ lymphocytes isolated by sheep red blood cell ( SRBC ) rosetting and CD 4 MicroBeads as compared with positively selected CD4+ cells where the antibody / bead complex was immediately detached . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Subsequent interaction of the envelope protein ( Env ) with the CD 4 receptor causes conformational changes that enable Env to interact with a coreceptor , generally the chemokine receptors CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We infected cultures of unstimulated human microglial cells and astrocytes of embryonic origin and of monocyte derived macrophages ( MDM ) with HCMV strain AD 169 and observed down regulation of the plasma membrane expression of CCR 5 in the three cell types , and of CXCR 4 and CD 4 in microglial cells only . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Upon binding the host cell receptor , CD 4 , gp 120 assumes a conformation that is able to bind the chemokine receptors CCR 5 or CXCR 4 , which act as coreceptors for the virus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three of the bands could be precipitated by anti CXCR 4 monoclonal antibodies ( 101 and 47 kDa ) or coprecipitated with CD 4 ( 62 kDa ) . ^^^ In immunoblots of two dimensional gels , antiubiquitin antibodies reacted with the 62 kDa CXCR 4 species from monocytes subsequent to coprecipitation with anti CD 4 antibodies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : Infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) requires binding of the viral envelope gp 120 to CD 4 and to the CXCR 4 coreceptor . ^^^ Human osteosarcoma cells ( GHOST ) expressing human CD 4 and the various CXCR 4 glycosylation mutants were tested for infection using NL 4 3 based viruses with X 4 , R 5 or R5X4 tropism differing only in the V 3 loop region . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tat and Rev are indispensable regulatory factors for HIV 1 replication , whereas Env mediates virus entry by direct interaction with surface receptor CD 4 and coreceptor CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV entry receptor ( CCR 5 , CD 4 , and CXCR 4 ) expression was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry assays . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Identification of gp 120 binding sites on CXCR 4 by using CD 4 independent human immunodeficiency virus type 2 Env proteins . ^^^ Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) and simian ( SIV ) immunodeficiency virus entry is mediated by binding of the viral envelope glycoprotein ( Env ) to CD 4 and chemokine receptors , CCR 5 and / or CXCR 4 . ^^^ CD 4 independent Env ' s of HIV type 1 ( HIV 1 ) , HIV 2 , and SIV have been identified that exhibit exposed chemokine receptor binding sites and can bind directly to CCR 5 or CXCR 4 in the absence of CD 4 . ^^^ We show here that gp 120 proteins from two CD 4 independent HIV 2 Env ' s , VCP and ROD / B , bind directly to CXCR 4 with an apparently high affinity . ^^^ However , mutations in CXCR 4 that markedly reduced binding did not necessarily hinder cell cell fusion by VCP or ROD / B , especially in the presence of CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The upregulation of HIV 1 replication was associated with an increase in HIV 1 transcription and a decrease in CD 4 and CXCR 4 expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Adaptation of a CXCR 4 using human immunodeficiency type 1 NDK virus in intestinal cells is associated with CD 4 independent replication . ^^^ Here , we demonstrate that the envelope gene of intestinal cell adapted virus conferred to recombinant clone HIV 1 iNDK the ability to utilize CXCR 4 without CD 4 while retaining its tropism for CD 4 lymphocytes . ^^^ Our studies suggest that CD 4 independent use of CXCR 4 can be mediated by different adaptive changes related to the microenvironment of CD 4 ( ) cell . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The beta chemokine receptor , CCR 5 , is the major co receptor in conjunction with CD 4 for macrophage ( M ) tropic or ( R 5 ) isolates of HIV 1 , whereas the alpha chemokine receptor , CXCR 4 , facilitates entry of T tropic or ( X 4 ) HIV 1 strains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No CD 4 , CXCR 4 or CCR 5 expression was evident on the surface of Leydig cells and transduction with a CD 4 expressing adenovirus did not induce HIV 1 infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Compared with blood donors , ESN FSWs had significantly decreased expression levels of C 10 C chemokine receptor 4 ( CXCR 4 ) , but not of C C chemokine receptor 5 , on both memory ( P < . 001 ) and naive ( P= . 041 ) CD 4 ( + ) T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The influence of CD 4 and CXCR 4 on maedi visna virus induced syncytium formation . ^^^ CD 4 is the principal binding site for human and simian immunodeficiency virus ( HIV / SIV ) receptor interactions and the a chemokine receptor CXCR 4 has been implicated as a primordial lentivirus receptor . ^^^ This study sought to determine the relevance of CD 4 and CXCR 4 in virus receptor interactions for the prototype lentivirus , maedi visna virus ( MVV ) of sheep . ^^^ Interestingly , the presence of either CD 4 and / or CXCR 4 on indicator cells dramatically enhanced MVV induced cell fusion ( syncytium formation ) for three independent virus strains . ^^^ However , neither SDF la that binds CXCR 4 nor recombinant gp 120 ( rgp 120 ) that binds CD 4 could specifically inhibit the observed enhancement of MVV induced cell fusion under conditions that significantly reduced HIV 1 induced cell fusion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To identify the putative receptor , we tested the cell surface expression of previously described receptors such as CD 4 , nucleolin , galactosylceramide , and CCR 1 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 by cytometry and RT PCR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) entry into CD 4 ( + ) cells requires the chemokine receptors CCR 5 or CXCR 4 as co fusion receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To validate this hypothesis , we estimated the percentage of CD 4 cells expressing CCR 5 or CXCR 4 molecules among healthy south Indian adults and HIV infected individuals . ^^^ A two colour flowcytometry examination of the blood sample was done using the following monoclonals ; anti CD 45 ( FITC ) / CD14 ( PE ) , anti IgG 1 ( FITC ) / IgG2a ( PE ) , anti CD 3 ( FITC ) / CD4 ( PE ) , anti CD 3 ( FITC ) / CD8 ( PE ) , anti CD 4 ( FITC ) and anti CCR 5 ( PE ) or anti CXCR 4 ( PE ) . ^^^ RESULTS : In the healthy population ( n = 30 ) studied , 24 . 6 per cent of CD 4 T cells expressed CCR 5 and the percentage of CD 4 T cells expressing CXCR 4 was 80 . 4 . ^^^ Among the HIV infected individuals ( n = 51 ) the percentage of CD 4 T cells expressing CCR 5 and CXCR 4 was 26 . 8 and 78 . 7 per cent respectively . ^^^ INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION : The percentage of CD 4 cells expressing CCR 5 and CXCR 4 in both the HIV uninfected and infected adults was significantly higher in the south Indian population than in the West . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Con A activated macaque CD 4 enriched PBMCs retained 88 % of CXCR 4 and 39 % of CCR 5 expression over 17 days compared with PHA activated cells ( 50 % for CXCR 4 , 16 % for CCR 5 ) and anti CD3 / CD28 activated cells ( 34 % for CXCR 4 , 37 % for CCR 5 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to infect a target cell , the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp 120 has to interact with both the cellular receptor CD 4 and an HIV coreceptor , i . e . the CC or CXC chemokine receptor CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A SHIV strain termed SHIV JRFL could enter cells via CD 4 with a chemokine receptor CCR 5 , not CXCR 4 , and the viral replication was suppressed by recombinant human RANTES , one of beta chemokines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Purified trophoblast or trophoblastic cell lines express low levels of chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 but not CD 4 on the cell surface . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Alcohol enhanced the expression of the CXCR 4 chemokine co receptor but not the major HIV 1 CD 4 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) entry is mediated by the consecutive interaction of the envelope glycoprotein gp 120 with CD 4 and a coreceptor such as CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Stimulation of MDMs with IL 2 had no measurable effect on HIV 1 replication , on cytokine secretion , or on CD 4 and CXCR 4 gene expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this report , we evaluated expression of HIV receptors and coreceptors on epithelial cells in the uterus and found they express several receptors critical for HIV infection including CD 4 , CXCR 4 , CCR 5 and galactosylceramide ( GalC ) . ^^^ During the secretory phase of the cycle when both oestradiol and progesterone are elevated , CD 4 and CCR 5 expression decreased whereas CXCR 4 expression remained elevated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chronically infected individuals exhibited striking depletion of GALT CD 4 ( + ) T cells expressing CXCR 4 , CCR 5 , and alpha E beta 7 integrin , but CD 4 ( + ) / CD8 ( + ) T cell ratios in blood and GALT were similar . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We demonstrate that the thymic microenvironment favors the replication of X 4 variants by positively modulating the expression and signaling of CXCR 4 in mature CD 4 ( + ) CD 8 ( ) CD 3 ( + ) thymocytes . ^^^ In contrast , in intermediate CD 4 ( + ) CD 8 ( ) CD 3 ( ) thymocytes , the other subpopulation known to allow virus replication , TEC or IL 7 has little or no effect on CXCR 4 expression and signaling . ^^^ This positive regulation of CXCR 4 by IL 7 in mature CD 4 ( + ) thymocytes correlates with their high capacity to favor X 4 virus replication compared with intermediate thymocytes or peripheral blood mononuclear cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vivo evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 toward increased pathogenicity through CXCR 4 mediated killing of uninfected CD 4 T cells . ^^^ CCR 5 dependent ( R 5 ) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) isolates predominate in the early , asymptomatic stages of HIV 1 infection , while CXCR 4 dependent ( X 4 ) isolates typically emerge at later stages , frequently coinciding with a rapid decline in CD 4 T cells . ^^^ Further , X 4 HIV 1 induced bystander apoptosis requires the interaction of the viral envelope glycoprotein gp 120 with the CXCR 4 coreceptor on CD 4 T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of virally encoded MIP 1alpha , RANTES , or LTN was detected in culture fluids from infected HOS CD 4 ( + ) CXCR 4 ( + ) cells , that were used because they have a low background production of these chemokines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of conjugates between MDDCs and T cells revealed that , in the absence of antigen specific signaling , the HIV receptors CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 on the T cell were recruited to the interface while the MDDCs concentrated HIV to the same region . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To measure CCR 5 and CXCR 4 chemokine receptor expression on CD 4 and CD 8 T cells in HIV 1 infection and to relate levels to the distribution of CD45RO memory and CD45RA naive subsets after effective HAART . ^^^ METHODS : Four color cytofluorometry with appropriate conjugated monoclonal antibodies ( mAbs ) was performed to define CD45RA and CD45RO subsets of CD 4 and CD 8 T cells and measure the expression of CCR 5 , CXCR 4 in blood from 43 received HAART patients and 5 non treated HIV and 13 healthy controls . ^^^ RESULTS : The levels of CCR 5 and CXCR 4 on CD 4 and CD 8 T cells and their CD45RO / CD45RA subsets in HIV 1 infected patients had not any statistical significance than that on control subjects and effective HAART could adjust the expression on T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BMVECs were weakly positive for CD 4 but negative for CCR 5 and CXCR 4 and were susceptible to infection by the same subset of isolates that infected astrocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
T tropic ( X 4 ) and dualtropic ( R5X4 ) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) envelope glycoproteins kill primary and immortalized CD 4 ( + ) CXCR 4 ( + ) T cells by mechanisms involving membrane fusion . ^^^ As is the case for CXCR 4 ( + ) target cells , HIV 1 envelope glycoproteins expressed by single round HIV 1 vectors killed transduced CD 4 ( + ) CCR 5 ( + ) cells in a membrane fusion dependent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cells of this cell line express CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 on their surfaces and secrete human placental alkaline phosphatase into the culture supernatants during HIV 1 infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
LAD 1 and 2 cells have the ultrastructural features of human mast cells , and express FcepsilonRI , CD 4 , 9 , 13 , 14 , 22 , 31 , 32 , 45 , 64 , 71 , 103 , 117 , 132 , CXCR 4 ( CD 184 ) , CCR 5 ( CD 195 ) ; and intracytoplasmic histamine , tryptase and chymase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One year after seroconversion , high percentages of CXCR 4 ( + ) cells among total and CD45RO ( ) CD 4 ( + ) cells were associated with delayed development of X 4 variants ( RH , 0 . 49 ; 95 % CI , 0 . 20 1 . 21 and RH , 0 . 41 ; 95 % CI , 0 . 17 1 . 02 , respectively ) , whereas no association was observed for the percentage of CCR 5 ( + ) cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Depletion of naive CD 4 T cells by CXCR 4 using HIV 1 variants occurs mainly through increased T cell death and activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Stromal derived factor ( SDF 1 ) is the principal ligand for CXCR 4 , a co receptor with CD 4 for T lymphocyte cell line tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD 4 dependence of gp120IIIB CXCR 4 interaction is cell type specific . ^^^ We examined the ability of gp120IIIB to signal through the rat CXCR 4 ( rCXCR 4 ) receptor and its dependence on the presence of the human CD 4 ( hCD 4 ) protein in a number of cell systems . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV 1 entry into target cells is a multistep process : virus attachment is initiated by the binding of trimeric envelope glycoprotein gp 120 complexes on the virions to glycosylated T cell surface receptor ( CD 4 ) and HIV GPCR coreceptors ( CCR 5 or CXCR 4 ) leading to envelope glycoprotein gp 41 dependent fusion pore formation and membrane fusion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The current general model of HIV viral entry involves the binding of the trimeric viral envelope glycoprotein gp120 / gp41 to cell surface receptor CD 4 and chemokine co receptor CXCR 4 or CCR 5 , which triggers conformational changes in the envelope proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In a Th 2 dependent model of allergic pulmonary inflammation , CD 4 ( + ) lymphocytes bearing CCR 3 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 trafficked in reduced numbers to the lung after acute inhalation challenge with allergen ( OVA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GM CSF / IFN alpha DC expressed low levels of CD 4 , CXCR 4 and DC SIGN and did not produce detectable virus during the differentiation period . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surprisingly , these peptides show the capability of enhancing HIV 1 infection caused by X 4 strains through the up regulation of both CD 4 and CXCR 4 receptors . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DPP also regulates an extensive series of genes under the control of protein kinase C , including several involved in T cell activation and cytoskeleton reorganization , and represses expression of the HIV 1 receptor CD 4 and coreceptor CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Viruses were isolated from 17 patients at various time points after seroconversion and their coreceptor usage was examined using GHOST cells expressing CD 4 and one of the HIV 1 chemokine coreceptors CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , BOB / GPR15 , and Bonzo / STRL33 / CXCR6 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When the CD 4 positive T cell line , PM 1 , was dually infected by both reporter viruses with different coreceptor utilization , coinfection with CXCR 4 tropic HIV 1 ( X 4 HIV 1 ) expressing one reporter increased the rate of cells infected with HIV 1 expressing another reporter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , venous blood was obtained from MS patients concurrent with MRI examination of the brain , and expression of chemokine receptors CCR 1 , CCR 2 , CCR 5 , CXCR 3 and CXCR 4 by CD 4 T cells and monocytes , proportions of Tr cells , as well as expression of CD45RO , CD 95 , CTLA 4 , HLA DR and interleukin ( IL ) 10 by Tr cells and non Tr ( CD 25 ) CD 4 T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV 1 infection requires initial interactions between the viral envelope surface glycoprotein gp 120 , the cell surface protein CD 4 , and a chemokine receptor CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therapeutic agents that interfere with the binding of the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp 120 to the CD 4 receptor ( e . g . , PRO 542 , PRO 2000 , and CV N ) or the coreceptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 ( e . g . , SCH C and AMD 3100 ) are briefly outlined in this review . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By varying the alkyl side chains of these synthetic DAG lactones , it was possible to maximize their potency and ability to render latently infected T cells sensitive to killing by an anti HIV 1 immunotoxin while minimizing the side effects of CD 4 and CXCR 4 downregulation and tumor necrosis factor alpha upregulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Of note , the ligation of CXCR 4 by stromal cell derived factor 1alpha but not the engagement of CD 4 by monoclonal antibody stimulates the PKA activity and induces a long lasting hyporesponsivity state in naive CD4+ lymphocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Purified complexes of HIV 1 envelope glycoproteins with CD 4 and CCR 5 ( CXCR 4 ) : production , characterization and immunogenicity . ^^^ To begin to evaluate their potential also as vaccine immunogens we produced relatively large amounts of complexes of purified recombinant soluble truncated Env , gp 140 ( 89 . 6 ) or gp 120 ( 89 . 6 ) , with CD 4 and CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^ These findings suggest that stable purified Env CD 4 CCR5 ( CXCR 4 ) complexes can be produced in relatively large amount sufficient for their further characterization that may help in the development of novel vaccines candidates . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cells expressing the envelope glycoprotein complex ( Env ) encoded by the human immunodeficiency virus can fuse with cells expressing Env receptors ( CD 4 and CXCR 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Increased density of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coreceptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 on the surfaces of CD 4 ( + ) T cells and monocytes of patients with Schistosoma mansoni infection . ^^^ Distribution of chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , which are also coreceptors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 invasion of cells , was measured on the surfaces of CD 4 ( + ) T cells and monocytes in peripheral blood samples from a group of Kenyan car washers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Binding of either the CXC chemokine , stromal derived factor 1 alpha ( SDF 1 alpha ) , or a CXCR 4 antagonist , AMD 3100 , to CXCR 4 inhibits infection of CD 4 ( + ) T cells by T tropic HIV 1 , although only SDF 1 alpha triggers T cell signaling cascades . ^^^ These results indicate that engagement of both CD 4 and CXCR 4 is required for HIV induced shedding of L selectin on primary resting CD 4 ( + ) T cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cell free HIV type 1 infection is restricted in the human trophoblast choriocarcinoma BeWo cell line , even with expression of CD 4 , CXCR 4 and CCR 5 . ^^^ CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , but not the CD 4 molecule , were detected at the cell surface . ^^^ Thus , BeWo is an interesting human placental cell line that is resistant to HIV 1 , even if CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 are expressed . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A fluorescent retrocyclin congener localized in cell surface patches either alone or colocalized with CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV 1 ) enters target cells by binding its gp 120 exterior envelope glycoprotein to CD 4 and one of the chemokine receptors , CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analyses of CD 4 , CXCR 4 and CCR 5 expression on preadipocytes and adipocytes revealed that receptor co expression levels did not permit HIV 1 entry into adipose cells from all biopsies tested . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Identification of CD 4 and transferrin receptor antibodies by CXCR 4 antibody guided Pathfinder selection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) fuses with cells after sequential interactions between its envelope glycoproteins , CD 4 and a coreceptor , usually CC chemokine receptor 5 ( CCR 5 ) or CXC receptor 4 ( CXCR 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , a T tropic HIV cell cell fusion assay was established that utilized CD 4 , human CXCR 4 and HIV NL 4 3 gp 160 as fusion components and a T 7 polymerase activated luciferase as a reporter system . ^^^ The HeLa T 4 cells used , expressed CD 4 and CXCR 4 , and the applied HeLa KS 386 cells expressed HIV NL 4 3 gp 160 . ^^^ The addition of anti CD 4 monoclonal antibody ( Mab ) ( RPA T 4 ) or anti CXCR 4 Mab ( 12G5 ) in the assay significantly inhibited the fusion event ; in contrast , an anti CCR 5 Mab ( 2D7 ) had no effect , indicating that the fusion assay was CD 4 and CXCR 4 dependent . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also monitored the conformational changes in the Envs following their interactions with CD 4 and CXCR 4 by immunofluorescence using an anti gp 41 mAb that reacts with the six helix bundle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These findings strongly suggest that NeoR 6 obstructs HIV 1 replication by interfering with the fusion step , dependent on both conformational changes in gp 120 following CD 4 and CXCR 4 interaction , as well as by conformational changes in gp 41 induced by HR 1 and HR 2 interaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By using SAP , we identified two scFv antibodies , m 6 and m 9 , that were tested with a panel of 33 diverse primary HIV 1 infectious isolates in an assay based on a reporter cell line expressing high levels of CD 4 , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A cell based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) was developed utilizing an anti CXCR 4 monoclonal antibody , 12G5 , and cells expressing CD 4 and CXCR 4 , U 373 MAGI CXCR 4 ( CEM ) cells . ^^^ The well characterized CXCR 4 antagonists , T 22 , T 14012 ( a downsized analog of T 22 ) , and AMD 3100 , effectively inhibited 12G5 binding to CXCR 4 expressing cells , while HIV 1 entry inhibitors targeting CD 4 and gp 41 as well as HIV 1 reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors did not block the binding of 12G5 to U 373 MAGI CXCR 4 ( CEM ) cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD4 and GHOST ( 3 ) , expressing CD 4 and CCR 1 , CCR2b , CCR 3 , CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , CXCR 6 or BOB . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Concerning the mechanism of inhibition of the Gal AMD 3100 conjugates , experiments performed with X 4 or R5HIV 1 strains and GHOST cells genetically modified to express CD 4 and CXCR 4 or CCR 5 indicated clearly that the conjugates interact with CXCR 4 and not with CCR5 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although fusion remained dependent on CD 4 and chemokine receptor binding , the endosome inhibitors did not alter surface expression of CD 4 and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Only CCR 5 and CXCR 4 expression was different on the surface of the subsets ( CD 4 , CD 8 , and CD 14 ) evaluated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Receptor recognition by HIV 1 occurs via interactions between the viral surface envelope glycoprotein ( Env ) , gp 120 , and CD 4 and a chemokine receptor , CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^ Here , we demonstrate that the binding of CXCR 4 using HIV 1 infected effector T cells to primary CD 4 ( + ) / CXCR4 ( + ) target T cells results in rapid recruitment to the interface of CD 4 , CXCR 4 , talin , and lymphocyte function associated antigen 1 on the target cell , and of Env and Gag on the effector cell . ^^^ Recruitment of these membrane molecules into polarized clusters was dependent on Env engagement of CD 4 and CXCR 4 and required remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overall up regulation of CXCR 4 coreceptor on the GC B cells and the CD 4 ( + ) T cells surrounding the GC provides the predominant replication and acquisition of the newly formed X 4 HIV 1 variants . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD 4 ( + ) and CD 8 ( + ) T lymphocyte subpopulations expressing the other chemokine and adhesion receptors ( CXCR 4 , CD11a and CD49d ) were reduced to a similar extent as compared with overall CD 4 ( + ) or CD 8 ( + ) T lymphocyte counts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we demonstrate that efficient expression of the CCR5Delta32 protein in primary CD 4 ( + ) cells by use of a recombinant adenovirus ( Ad5 / Delta32 ) was able to down regulate surface expression of both wild type CCR 5 and CXCR 4 and to confer broad resistance to R 5 , R5X4 , and X 4 HIV type 1 ( HIV 1 ) . ^^^ This may be important clinically , since we found that CD 4 ( + ) cells purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of individuals who were homozygous for CCR5Delta32 , which expressed the mutant protein endogenously , consistently expressed lower levels of CXCR 4 and showed less susceptibility to X 4 HIV 1 isolates than cells from individuals lacking the mutation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Functional expression of CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 in glycosphingolipid deficient mouse melanoma GM 95 cells and susceptibility to HIV 1 envelope glycoprotein triggered membrane fusion . ^^^ GM 95 cells expressing low levels of CD 4 and CXCR 4 or CCR 5 did not support HIV 1 Env mediated fusion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cells expressing a viral envelope glycoprotein and the N terminal alpha fragment of beta galactosidase were mixed with cells expressing the C terminal beta galactosidase fragment , CD 4 , CCR 5 , or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CXCR 4 antibodies , as well as the endogenous ligand SDF 1alpha , were effective in blocking Nef induced apoptosis , while CCR 5 and CD 4 antibodies were ineffective . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bispecific short hairpin siRNA constructs targeted to CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 confer HIV 1 resistance . ^^^ Dual specific short hairpin siRNA constructs , containing an 8 nucleotide intervening spacer , targeted against either CXCR 4 and CD 4 or CCR 5 and CXCR 4 were synthesized by in vitro transcription . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of gp120IIIB on CXCR 4 FRET was dependent on the coexpression of human CD 4 ( hCD 4 ) when it increased the FRET signal , and this was decreased by AMD 3100 pretreatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The envelope glycoprotein complex ( Env ) , encoded by the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV 1 ) , kills uninfected cells expressing CD 4 and / or the chemokine receptor CXCR 4 or CCR 5 , via at least three independent mechanisms . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To initiate infection , HIV 1 interacts with two cell surface receptors ; CD 4 is the primary receptor and the beta chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 usually serve as secondary receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to the CD 4 molecule that binds to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) envelope glycoprotein gp 120 , productive HIV 1 infection requires interaction with cellular receptors for alpha or beta chemokines ( CXCR 4 and CCR 5 respectively ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pre treatment of primary human CD 4 lymphocytes from normal or p sub group type with PPMP , significantly reduced HIV 1 replication with no change in CD 4 and CXCR 4 levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Blockade of CD 4 alone or CCR 5 and CXCR 4 together inhibited localized mucosal infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Apoptosis induced by HIV 1 virions was inhibited by CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 antibodies or by the CXCR 4 inhibitor AMD 3100 , but not the fusion inhibitor T 20 . ^^^ HIV 1 virions with mutant Envs that bind CXCR 4 but are defective for CD 4 binding or membrane fusion induced apoptosis , whereas CXCR 4 binding defective mutants did not . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , siRNA directed to CXCR 4 or CCR 5 did not have an effect on CD 4 cells or green fluorescence protein expression . siRNA directed to CXCR 4 did not suppress CCR 5 expression or vice versa . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although HIV uses CD 4 and coreceptors ( CCR 5 and CXCR 4 ) for productive infection of T cells , glycosphingolipids ( GSL ) may play ancillary roles in lymphoid and non lymphoid cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Along with CD 4 , HIV 1 requires a chemokine receptor , CCR 5 or CXCR 4 , as an entry co receptor , and differential co receptor selectivity is an important determinant of viral diversity and pathogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Flow cytometric analysis revealed that stromal cells express low levels ( 1 in 600 total cells ) of CD 4 and CCR 5 viral receptors , whereas CXCR 4 expression was not observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This migratory response is CD 4 independent and inhibited by anti CXCR 4 antibodies and pertussis toxin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD 4 induced T 20 binding to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp 120 blocks interaction with the CXCR 4 coreceptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effects of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection on CCR 5 and CXCR 4 coreceptor expression on CD 4 T lymphocyte subsets in infants and adolescents . ^^^ HIV 1 infection alters expression of CCR 5 and CXCR 4 on CD 4 T cells in adults , although an effect by virus on expression of coreceptor genes in pediatric subjects is unknown . ^^^ We designed an exploratory study to evaluate surface expression of CXCR 4 and CCR 5 on CD45RA and CD45RO subsets of CD 4 T lymphocytes from 17 HIV 1 infected infants and adolescents and 16 healthy age matched individuals . ^^^ Among infected adolescents , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 expression was significantly increased on CD 4 CD45RO T cells , while CXCR 4 was diminished in the CD 4 CD45RA subset . ^^^ Although HIV 1 infection in infants was also associated with increased CXCR 4 expression on the CD 4 CD45RO subset , in contrast to adolescents , infection in infants had no impact on coreceptor expression within the CD45RA CD 4 subset . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
X 4 tropic HIV 1 strains , which use CD 4 and CXCR 4 as receptors for cell entry , caused death of unstimulated noncycling primary CD4+ T cells only if the viruses were produced by dying , productively infected T cells , but not by living , chronically infected T cells or by living HIV 1 transfected HeLa cells . ^^^ CD4+ T cell killing required HIV 1 fusion and / or entry into these cells , but neither HIV 1 envelope mediated CD 4 or CXCR 4 signaling nor the presence of the HIV 1 Nef protein in the viral particles . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The up regulation of CXCR 4 could be reproduced in vitro by culture of CD 4 ( + ) T cells with aqueous humor ( AqH ) , indicating a role for the ocular microenvironment rather than preferential recruitment of CXCR 4 ( + ) cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A , B , D , F and O clade gp 140s were found to be multimeric , bind to a panel of defined env specific monoclonal antibodies and interact with CD 4 and CXCR 4 , demonstrating correct folding . ^^^ The binding of gp 140 to soluble and cell surface CD 4 and CXCR 4 is related to the degree of oligomerisation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The entry of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) into target cells requires the interaction of viral envelope glycoprotein , gp 120 , with the human CD 4 glycoprotein and a chemokine receptor , usually CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The authors used peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from HIV type 1 infected subjects and assessed both CD 4 ( + ) and CD 8 ( + ) T cell apoptosis in the presence and absence of CXCR 4 blockade by AMD 3100 . ^^^ Both CD 4 ( + ) and CD 8 ( + ) T cell apoptosis could be inhibited by CXCR 4 blockade , mostly in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome subjects and more weakly in asymptomatic HIV positive subjects , and depended only partially on the syncytium inducing / non syncytium inducing viral envelope phenotype . ^^^ Immune activation of CD 8 ( + ) , but not CD 4 ( + ) , T cells was CXCR 4 dependent , resulting in increased T cell apoptosis . ^^^ In the presence of monocyte derived macrophages , CXCR 4 mediated apoptosis targeted mostly CD 8 ( + ) T cells , with CD 4 ( + ) T cells being more weakly affected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
JC 53 BL cells are modified HeLa cells that express surface CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lysophosphatidylcholine up regulates CXCR 4 chemokine receptor expression in human CD 4 T cells . ^^^ We found that lysoPC dose and time dependently increased expression of CXCR 4 , the chemokine receptor on CD 4 T cells . ^^^ This increase was inhibited by caffeic acid phenethyl ester or SN 50 , nuclear factor kappaB inhibitors , and also by suppression of G2A expression , the specific receptor for lysoPC , using antisense oligonucleotide . lysoPC enhanced CD 4 T cell chemotaxis in response to stromal cell derived factor 1 ( SDF 1 ) , the exclusive ligand for CXCR 4 . lysoPC also enhanced SDF 1 stimulated production of inflammatory cytokines interleukin 2 and interferon gamma by CD 4 T cells activated by anti CD 3 immunoglobulin G . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Several inhibitors of CD 4 , co receptor CCR 5 or CXCR 4 and fusion are at various levels of clinical development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CXCR 4 is a co receptor along with CD 4 for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) . ^^^ Gp120s from CXCR 4 ( X 4 ) and CCR 5 ( R 5 ) using HIV 1 strains bound more efficiently to non N glycosylated than to N glycosylated CXCR 4 proteoliposomes in a CD 4 dependent manner . ^^^ Mutation of the N glycosylation site N 11 in CXCR 4 ( N11Q CXCR 4 ) enhanced CD 4 dependent binding of X 4 and R 5 gp120s and allowed more efficient entry of viruses pseudotyped with X 4 or R 5 HIV 1 envelope glycoproteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At the virus cell contact site , gp 120 induces assembly of PDI , CD 4 , and CXCR 4 into a tetramolecular protein complex serving as a portal for viral entry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The HIV envelope glycoproteins ( Env ) play a crucial role in transducing this apoptotic signal after binding to its receptors , the CD 4 molecule and a coreceptor , essentially CCR 5 and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Strikingly , B 16 cells bearing CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and / or CCR 5 were highly resistant to CD 4 dependent HIV 1 Env mediated membrane fusion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Significant ( P < 0 . 05 ) increases were noted in the RP group in CXCR 4 and CCR 5 expression in CD 4 cells without major differences in chemokine and interleukin 7 levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During the period of peak virus production in SHIV ( DH12R ) or SHIV ( 89 . 6P ) infected rhesus monkeys , massive elimination of CXCR 4 ( + ) nave CD 4 ( + ) T cells occurred . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We then examined whether ligation of CD 4 , CCR 5 and \ or CXCR 4 , the receptor and coreceptors of human immunodeficiency virus envelope gp 120 , respectively , affected DC activation or maturation , neither a monoclonal antibody to the gp 120 binding site on CD 4 nor CCL 5 nor CXCL 12 , the natural ligands of CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , respectively , nor gp 120 altered the DC activation and maturation processes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this context , our studies concern : the role of gp 120 V3 loop in CD 4 binding , the importance of the N terminal sequence of HIV CCR 5 coreceptor , the potential inhibitory properties of sequences patterned on CXCR 4 natural ligand ( SDF 1 ) and the role of secondary structure in determining gp 160 enzymatic processing into gp120 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV 1 infection is initiated by the interaction of the envelope glycoprotein gp 120 with the cellular receptor CD 4 that triggers conformational changes in gp 120 necessary for subsequent interaction with a coreceptor CCR 5 ( or CXCR 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV 1 uptake was reduced in prostratin stimulated CD 4 ( + ) T PBMC and tissues in a manner consistent with a downregulation of CD 4 and CXCR 4 receptors in these systems . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) fusion with its target cells is initiated by sequential interactions between its envelope glycoprotein , CD 4 , and a co receptor , usually CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Flow cytometric analysis and monoclonal antibody binding studies and a PCR based assay revealed that GNA and HHA do not interfere with CD 4 , CXCR 4 , CCR 5 , and DC SIGN and do not specifically bind with the membrane of uninfected cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The HIV 1 Nef protein was analyzed for apoptotic structural motifs that interact with the CXCR 4 receptor and induce apoptosis in CD 4 ( + ) lymphocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results indicate that prostratin induces down regulation of surface expression of CD 4 and CXCR 4 , but not CCR 5 , in various cell lines . ^^^ Down regulation of CD 4 and CXCR 4 by prostratin is achieved by internalization through receptor mediated endocytosis and / or macropinocytosis , which is then followed by degradation of these molecules . ^^^ Because prostratin is a protein kinase C ( PKC ) activator , we next examined the potential contribution of distinct PKC isoforms to down regulate CD 4 and CXCR 4 in response to prostratin stimulation . ^^^ Although exposure of cells to prostratin or phorbol myristate acetate ( PMA ) induces the translocation of several PKC isoforms to the plasma membrane , the use of specific PKC inhibitors revealed that novel PKCs are the main mediators of the prostratin induced CD 4 down regulation , whereas both conventional and novel PKCs contribute to CXCR 4 down regulation . ^^^ Altogether these results showed that prostratin , through the activation of conventional and / or novel PKC isoforms , rapidly reduces cell surface expression of CD 4 and CXCR 4 , but not CCR 5 , by inducing their internalization and degradation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between lymphocyte P glycoprotein ( P gp ) expression and genotype in vivo and the expression of lymphocyte receptors critical in the life cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) , i . e . , CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Fruit juices were screened for inhibitory activity against HIV 1 IIIB using CD 4 and CXCR 4 as cell receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Follicular dendritic cell regulation of CXCR 4 mediated germinal center CD 4 T cell migration . ^^^ Follicular dendritic cells ( FDCs ) up regulate the chemokine receptor CXCR 4 on CD 4 T cells , and a major subpopulation of germinal center ( GC ) T cells ( CD 4 ( + ) CD 57 ( + ) ) , which are adjacent to FDCs in vivo , expresses high levels of CXCR 4 . ^^^ We therefore reasoned that GC T cells would actively migrate to stromal cell derived factor 1 ( CXCL 12 ) , the CXCR 4 ligand , and tested this using Transwell migration assays with GC T cells and other CD 4 T cells ( CD 57 ( ) ) that expressed much lower levels of CXCR 4 . ^^^ Unexpectedly , GC T cells were virtually nonresponsive to CXCL 12 , whereas CD 57 ( ) CD 4 T cells migrated efficiently despite reduced CXCR 4 expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To characterize the frequency of potential targets of HIV infection within the FRT , we performed a systematic study of the expression of HIV receptors ( CD 4 , galactosyl ceramide ( GalCer ) ) and coreceptors ( CXCR 4 and CCR 5 ) on epithelial cells and leucocytes from the ectocervix . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report that , in unstimulated human primary CD 4 ( + ) T cells , the spectrum of signaling responses induced by gp 120 through CXCR 4 paralleled that induced by the natural ligand stromal cell derived factor 1 / CXCL12 . gp 120 activated heterotrimeric G proteins and the major G protein dependent pathways , including calcium mobilization , phosphoinositide 3 kinase , and Erk 1 / 2 MAPK activation . ^^^ HIV 1 has therefore the capacity to dysregulate the vast CD 4 ( + ) T cell population that expresses CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We engineered a CEM cell line that expresses constitutively CD 4 and CXCR 4 and CCR 5 after transfection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The model was improved by using AML14 . 3D10 cells that were engineered to express CCR 3 in addition to the major HIV 1 coreceptors , CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 , thus making them more like primary eosinophils . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD 134 is a primary binding receptor for feline immunodeficiency virus ( FIV ) , and with CXCR 4 facilitates infection of CD 4 ( + ) T cells . ^^^ Finally , we demonstrated that soluble CD 134 facilitates infection of CD 134 ( ) CXCR 4 ( + ) target cells in a manner analogous to CD 4 augmentation of HIV infection . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Infection was blocked at the level of viral entry using monoclonal antibodies to CXCR 4 and CD 4 . ^^^ These results demonstrate that X 4 viruses can use CD 4 and the CXCR 4 receptor to infect mast cells , suggesting that mast cell T cell interactions may contribute to HIV mediated immune dysfunction in the mucosa . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This novel envelope gene expresses a glycoprotein that binds soluble CD 4 , utilizes CCR 5 but not CXCR 4 as a coreceptor , and mediates HIV 1 entry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The external HIV envelope glycoprotein , gp 120 , sequentially interacts with two cellular receptor molecules , the CD 4 glycoprotein and a chemokine receptor , such as CCR 5 or CXCR 4 , leading to the activation of the fusogenic domain of the transmembrane viral glycoprotein , gp 41 , which changes its conformation to create a hairpin structure that eventually triggers fusion between the viral and cellular membranes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PURPOSE OF REVIEW : HIV entry into cells is mediated through sequential interactions between HIV envelope proteins ( Env ) and two cellular molecules : CD 4 and a co receptor , typically either CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mouse serum factor ( s ) down modulate the CD 4 and CXCR 4 molecules on human T cells conferring resistance to HIV infection in NOG mice . ^^^ ED 40515 ( ) tumor cells showed resistance to HIV 1 which was apparently correlated with the down regulation of CD 4 and CXCR 4 molecules in NOG mice . ^^^ ED 40515 ( ) cells obtained from mice re expressed CD 4 and CXCR 4 molecules upon in vitro culture and were again successfully infected with HIV 1 . ^^^ These findings indicate that HIV 1 may initially successfully delay or regress tumor growth in NOG mice , but eventually fails to do so because of the evolution of HIV resistant cells due to a rapid down modulation of CD 4 and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Constitutive association of cell surface CCR 5 and CXCR 4 in the presence of CD 4 . ^^^ Here , we show that transfection of CCR 5 into CXCR 4 and CD 4 expressing 3T3 cells enhances the cell surface level of CXCR 4 . ^^^ In CD 4 expressing CCR 5 and CXCR 4 double positive NIH 3T3 cells , immunoprecipitation followed by Western blot analysis revealed that CCR 5 was associated with CXCR 4 and CD 4 . ^^^ CXCR 4 and CCR 5 were not co immunoprecipitated in cells expressing CCR 5 and CXCR 4 but without CD 4 expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show that the human rheumatoid synovial microenvironment directly induces functional inflammatory ( CCR 5 and CXCR 3 ) and constitutive ( CCR 7 and CXCR 4 ) chemokine receptors on infiltrating CD 4 ( + ) T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The affected glycosylation sites were predominantly clustered in regions of gp 120 that are not involved in the direct interaction with either CD 4 , CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , or gp 41 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cell surface bound Env ( gp120 / gp41 ) , as present on the plasma membrane of HIV 1 infected cells , can kill uninfected bystander cells expressing CD 4 and CXCR 4 ( or similar chemokine receptors , depending on the Env variant ) by at least three different mechanisms . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Primary viruses were isolated from fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs ) using the traditional co culture method and their capacity of inducing syncytium was tested in MT 2 cells ; meanwhile , their coreceptor usage was determined with GHOST cell lines which stably express CD 4 and the chemokine receptor CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we investigate the effects of CD 4 engagement on the redistribution and localization of chemokine receptors , CXCR 4 and CCR 5 , adhesion molecules , and lipid raft components including cholesterol , GM 1 , and glycosyl phosphatidylinositol ( GPI ) anchored proteins . ^^^ Lck deficient JCaM 1 . 6 cells failed to cap CXCR 4 or lipid rafts to alpha CD 4 B . ^^^ Biochemical analysis reveals that CXCR 4 and LFA 1 are recruited to lipid rafts upon CD 4 but not CD 45 engagement . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HR 1 mutations had minimal effect on virus sensitivity to other classes of entry inhibitors , including those targeting CD 4 binding ( BMS 806 and a CD 4 specific monoclonal antibody [ MAb ] ) , coreceptor binding ( CXCR 4 inhibitor AMD 3100 and CCR 5 inhibitor TAK 779 ) , or fusion ( T 1249 ) , indicating that ENF resistant viruses can remain sensitive to other entry inhibitors in vivo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mini HIV variant that uses CD 4 and CXCR 4 for cell entry could potentially be used against CXCR 4 expressing malignancies such as T lymphoblastic leukemia / lymphoma , natural killer leukemia , and some myeloid leukemias . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although there was little difference between the two CD 4 bearing T cell population in the expression level of CD 4 molecules and chemokine receptors such as CXCR 4 and CCR 5 , SIV replicated more efficiently in CD 4 ( + ) 8 ( + ) T cells than in CD 4 ( + ) T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interaction of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) gp 120 envelope glycoprotein with the primary receptor , CD 4 , promotes binding to a chemokine receptor , either CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In terms of receptor binding the chimeric protein retains specificity for human CD 4 but , in relation to the membrane fusion event , it appears to lose the Env coreceptor specificity of the parental HIV 1 strains : NL 43 for CXCR 4 and JRFL for CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cryptic nature of a conserved , CD 4 inducible V 3 loop neutralization epitope in the native envelope glycoprotein oligomer of CCR 5 restricted , but not CXCR 4 using , primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains . ^^^ The external subunit of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) envelope glycoprotein ( Env ) , gp 120 , contains conserved regions that mediate sequential interactions with two cellular receptor molecules , CD 4 and a chemokine receptor , most commonly CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thymic pathogenicity of an HIV 1 envelope is associated with increased CXCR 4 binding efficiency and V 5 gp41 dependent activity , but not V1 / V2 associated CD 4 binding efficiency and viral entry . ^^^ Here , we show that relative to R3B Env , R3A Env enhances viral entry of T cells , increases fusion induced cytopathicity , and shows elevated binding efficiency for both CD 4 and CXCR 4 , but not CCR 5 , in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Results show that although coreceptor competition degree has limited influence on R 5 strain infectivity , the infectivity of CXCR 4 using isolates strongly depends on the CD 4 expression , according to the coreceptor competition model proposed in Lee et al . [ J . ^^^ Understanding the role of in vivo alterations in CD 4 , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 densities on HIV 1 cell entry may help the development of optimal control strategies for AIDS pathogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We recently reported that , because these SHIVs exclusively use the CXCR 4 coreceptor for cell entry , they target naive CD 4 ( + ) T cells for depletion in infected monkeys , whereas SIVs , which use CCR 5 , not CXCR 4 , cause the selective loss of memory CD 4 ( + ) T lymphocytes in vivo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Except pooled serum from HIV 1 infected individuals , monoclonal anti envelope antibodies or antibodies / antagonists against CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 were not able to prevent infection by the 92UG046 T 8 isolate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using these assays , we show that Envs from two CD 4 independent HIV 2 isolates ( VCP and ROD / B ) , which are able to fuse with chemokine receptor CXCR 4 in a CD 4 independent manner , are also able to fuse with alternative coreceptors GPR 1 and GPR 15 in the absence of CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
FP 21399 has been reported to interfere with the ability of the HIV envelope glycoproteins to use CXCR 4 and CCR 5 as co receptors when entering CD 4 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Induction of 15 lipoxygenase 1 impairs expression of HIV 1 receptors CD 4 and CXCR 4 in monocytic cells . ^^^ To explore whether 15 lipoxygenase 1 expression might impact the responsiveness of monocytic cells for HIV we induced expression of this enzyme by two independent ways ( stable transfection of U 937 cells and culturing of blood monocytes in vitro in the presence of granulocyte / monocyte colony stimulating factor and interleukin 4 ) and assayed the cellular content of the two HIV 1 receptors CD 4 and CXCR 4 ( CD 184 ) by real time RT PCR and fluorescence activated cell sorting . ^^^ Wild type U 937 cells express CD 4 and CXCR 4 at high levels and expression was not altered when the cells were transfected with control plasmids . ^^^ Under these conditions strong overexpression of 15 lipoxygenase 1 was paralleled by downregulation of CD 4 and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This gp 120 induced inhibition was strictly dependent on CXCR 4 or CCR 5 and lipid rafts but not on CD 4 or 5 ( H ) 3 expressing BCR . ^^^ X 4 and X4 / R5 gp 120 induced the cleavage of CD 62 ligand by a mechanism dependent on matrix metalloproteinase 1 and 3 , CD 4 , CXCR 4 , Galpha ( 1 ) , and p 38 MAPK , whereas R 5 gp120 did not . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gp 120 binding to the main cell receptor , CD 4 , on the surface of cells expressing this molecule , and interaction with the cell chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , are among the key events for HIV 1 infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Treatment of Jurkat T cells , peripheral blood lymphocytes from HIV negative donors , or human osteogenic seroma ( HOS ) cells expressing CD 4 , CXCR 4 or CCR 5 with T tropic gp 120 , M tropic gp 120 , or agonistic antibodies against CD 4 , CXCR 4 or CCR 5 . ^^^ The increase in TRAIL death receptor expression and acquisition of TRAIL sensitivity requires the chemokine coreceptor CXCR 4 but not CCR 5 or the CD 4 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The importance of the chemokine co receptors , such as CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , for HIV entry may help to explain the limitations of earlier approaches using recombinant soluble CD 4 or polyanionic compounds to interfere non specifically with HIV glycoprotein function . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Meanwhile , their coreceptor usage was determined with two cell lines : Magi and GHOST ( 3 ) stably expressing CD 4 and the chemokine receptor CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The HIV 1 envelope protein gp 120 was able to induce COX 2 mRNA and protein in several human neuroblastoma cell lines , which express CXCR 4 and CCR 5 but not CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Confocal analyses suggest that HIV 1 is concentrated in microdomains rich in LFA 1 clusters that also contain CD 4 and CXCR 4 molecules . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As the level of expression of CXCR 4 could favor an R 5 to X 4 switch , quantitative flow cytometry was used to measure CXCR 4 density on CD 4 T cells in 200 HIV 1 positive adults , and this was compared with CD 4 counts , interleukin 7 ( IL 7 ) , and RANTES ( regulated on activation , normal T expressed and secreted ) plasma levels and the R5 / X4 virus phenotype . ^^^ CD 4 T cell surface CXCR 4 densities were increased in infected subjects and inversely correlated with CD 4 T cell count ( r= 0 . 548 , P < 0 . 001 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The goal of this study was to determine whether cultured primary HGECs express significant levels of the major HIV 1 co receptors CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and / or CCR 5 to allow fusion interactions with HIV 1 . ^^^ The expression of CD 4 , CXCR 4 and CCR 5 was assessed in cultured HGECs by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) and flow cytometry using specific antibodies . ^^^ Cultured primary HGECs express CXCR 4 but not CD 4 or CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GHOST ( 3 ) cells were derived from the human osteosarcoma cell line , HOS , and have been engineered to stably express CD 4 and one or another of the chemokine receptors CCR 3 , CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , CXCR6 / STRL33 / Bonzo , or the orphan receptor GPR15 / BOB . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human macrophages expressing TRIM5alpha ( rh ) were also found to be phenotypically and functionally normal , expressing the characteristic surface markers CD 14 , CD 4 , CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , MHC 2 , and B7 . 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our data also indicate that TIT cells containing both CD 4 ( + ) and CD 8 ( + ) T cells within J558 / SDF 1 tumors express the SDF 1 receptor CXCR 4 , and that SDF 1 specifically chemoattracts these cells in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CCR 5 , but not CD 4 or CXCR 4 expression levels , were lower and the surface expression of globotriaosylceramide was negligible on activated patients ' cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) into the cell is initiated by the interaction of the viral surface envelope protein with two cell surface components of the target cell , CD 4 and a chemokine coreceptor , usually CXCR 4 or CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV uptake by CD 4 ( + ) T cells was dependent on cellular contacts mediated by the binding of gp 120 to CD 4 but was independent of the expression of the appropriate HIV coreceptor , CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The culture supernatants were then harvested and used to treat human peripheral blood monocyte derived macrophages and a HeLa cell line , which expresses CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 receptors ( MAGI cells ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A CXCR 4 dependent chemorepellent signal contributes to the emigration of mature single positive CD 4 cells from the fetal thymus . ^^^ We demonstrated that single positive ( SP ) CD 4 thymocytes , with the characteristics of recent thymic emigrants , failed to move away from CXCR 4 deficient fetal thymus in vitro . ^^^ We found that the defect in SP CD 4 cell emigration that occurred in the absence of CXCR 4 signaling was only partially overcome by the addition of the extrathymic chemoattractant S1P and was not associated with abnormalities in thymocyte maturation and proliferative capacity or integrin expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The D X 4 phenotype was associated with efficient use of CXCR 4 and CD 4 for fusion and entry but unrelated to levels of virion associated gp 120 , indicating that gp 120 conformation contributes to cell specific tropism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The antiviral activity appeared to be mediated , at least partially , by the down regulation of the expression of CD 4 and the HIV 1 co receptors , CXCR 4 and CCR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV 1 cell entry is mediated by sequential interactions of the envelope protein gp 120 with the receptor CD 4 and a coreceptor , usually CCR 5 or CXCR 4 , depending on the individual virion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Enhanced replication of R 5 HIV 1 over X 4 HIV 1 in CD 4 ( + ) CCR 5 ( + ) CXCR 4 ( + ) T cells . ^^^ To enter human cells , HIV 1 usually uses CD 4 and 1 of 2 coreceptors : CCR 5 and CXCR 4 . ^^^ We hypothesized that such high R 5 viral loads may be sustained because , relative to CXCR 4 tropic ( X 4 ) HIV 1 infection , R 5 HIV 1 infection of permissive CD 4 ( + ) CCR 5 ( + ) CXCR 4 ( + ) T cells results in the production of significantly more infectious virus particles per target cell . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A molecular mechanism involved both in HIV entry and fusion steps has been disclosed in detail : The interaction of an HIV envelope protein , gp 120 , with chemokine receptors , CXCR 4 and CCR 5 , which were identified as major co receptors in association with CD 4 , triggers conformational changes in the gp 120 gp41 ( another envelope protein ) complex , and subsequently forms the trimer of hairpins structure of gp 41 followed by virus cell membrane fusion . ^^^ T 22 , which was initially found to bind gp 120 and CD 4 , and T 140 selectively suppress T cell line tropic HIV 1 ( X 4 HIV 1 ) entry based on their specific binding to CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The three cell lines were shown to express on their surface the CXCR 4 and GalCer molecules , but not the CD 4 and CCR 5 ones . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , all CXCR 4 using isolates , except one , were obtained from patients with CD 4 counts below 200 cells microl ( 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV 1 infects host cells by sequential interactions of its fusion protein ( gp 120 gp41 ) with receptors CD 4 , CXCR 4 and / or CCR 5 followed by fusion of viral and host membranes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : To generate HIV 1 based vectors carrying the CD 4 molecule in their envelope , the CD 4 ectodomain was fused to diverse membrane anchors and inserted together with the HIV 1 coreceptor CXCR 4 into the envelopes of HIV 1 vector particles . ^^^ It was independent of the presence of Env on the target cell , the type of CD 4 anchor or the presence of CXCR 4 on the particle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These cells express CD 4 and low levels of CCR 5 and CXCR 4 coreceptors , but not DC SIGN . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To initiate infection , the HIV 1 external envelope glycoprotein , gp 120 , sequentially interacts with two cellular receptors , CD 4 and a chemokine receptor ( or coreceptor ) like CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD 4 , CCR 5 , CXCR 4 and apoptosis were determined by fluorescent antibody cell sorting . ^^^ A model fusion system comprising a cell line transfected with either CD 4 and CXCR 4 or CCR 5 , cocultured with a cell line expressing gp 120 from either X 4 , R 5 tropic HIV 1 or HIV 2 virions , was used . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We previously showed that CD 4 thymocytes preferentially replicate CXCR 4 tropic ( X 4 ) HIV 1 dependently on interleukin ( IL ) 7 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV envelope binds to and signals through its primary cellular receptor , CD 4 , and through a coreceptor , either CC chemokine receptor 5 ( CCR 5 ) or CXC chemokine receptor 4 ( CXCR 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Antiviral agents interfering with receptor ( i . e . , CD 4 ) or coreceptor ( e . g . , CCR 5 and / or CXCR 4 ) engagement comprise a special subset of viral entry inhibitors . ^^^ This review focuses on compounds blocking viral attachment to CD 4 , CCR 5 or CXCR 4 , highlights the challenges they present , and attempts to offer possible solutions . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Simian HIV ( SHIV ) infection of macaques with CXCR 4 tropic viruses results in early and profound CD 4 T cell depletion in the first few weeks of infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This CD40L related molecule is produced by monocytes upon CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 engagement by gp 120 and cooperates with IL 4 and IL 10 to up regulate MCLRs on B cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hemin induced HO 1 induction in the CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , and CD 4 coexpressing GHOST ( 3 ) cells was consistent with the inhibition of Tat dependent activation of long terminal repeat promoter leading to reduced GFP expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Following the cross linking of CCR 5 , monocytes synthesized high levels of M CSF , RANTES , MIP 1 alpha , and MIP 1 beta associated with a readily detectable down modulation of CD 14 , CD 4 , CCR 5 , and CXCR 4 expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Entry of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) into target cells is mediated by the viral Envelope glycoprotein ( Env ) and its coordinated interaction with a receptor ( CD 4 ) and a coreceptor ( usually the chemokine receptors CCR 5 or CXCR 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Whole saliva had no effect on the expression level of the cellular receptors ( CD 4 , CXCR 4 and CCR 5 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As one approach to understand the molecular interactions that support HIV virion binding to human mucosal surfaces , we have examined the distribution of the primary HIV receptor CD 4 , the alternate HIV receptors heparan sulfate proteoglycan ( HS ) and galactosyl ceramide ( GalCer ) and the co receptors CXCR 4 and CCR 5 in palatine tonsil . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The binding affinity of KP to CD 4 , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 was evaluated on CD 4 CCR5 or CD 4 CXCR4 transfected astroglioma cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This mutation inactivates the N distal AP 2 clathrin adaptor binding element and disrupts the abilities of Nef to downregulate CD 4 , CD 28 and CXCR 4 and to stimulate viral replication in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treatment with HMBA did not alter expression of the HIV coreceptors , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 , in PBMCs but down regulated CD 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of leukocyte markers ( CD 3 , CD 4 , CD 8 , CD4 / CD8 ratio , CD 16 , CD 19 , and CD 14 ) and chemokine receptors ( CXCR 1 , CXCR 4 , CCR 2 , CCR 5 , and CCR 7 ) was studied in 73 effusions by using flow cytometry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As assessed by FACS analysis , the hES CD 34 cell derived macrophages displayed characteristic cell surface markers CD 14 , CD 4 , CCR 5 , CXCR 4 , and HLA DR suggesting a normal phenotype . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The last decade has driven an in depth knowledge of the HIV entry process , unravelling the multiple engagements of the HIV envelope proteins with the cellular receptorial complex that is composed of a primary receptor ( CD 4 ) and a co receptor ( CCR 5 or CXCR 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV 1 ) subtype B infections , the emergence of viruses able to use CXCR 4 as a coreceptor is well documented and associated with accelerated CD 4 decline and disease progression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A better knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the entry process has led to the development of agents , which may inhibit each of the different steps of the viral entry process : attachment of the gp 120 to the CD 4 cell receptor ; binding of the gp 120 to CCR 5 or CXCR 4 coreceptors ; and the fusion of viral and cell membranes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we tested the distribution of CD4 / CCR5 tropic [ MLV ( HIV ) ] pseudotype vectors in transgenic mice expressing CD 4 and either CXCR 4 or CCR 5 of human origin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HIV enters cells via the CD 4 molecule , chemokine co receptors ( CXCR 4 , CCR 5 ) , and other cell surface proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , S1P receptor agonists preferentially target CXCR 4 ( + ) CD 4 ( + ) peripheral blood T lymphocytes and suppress the occurrence of Con A induced hepatitis , suggesting their therapeutic usefulness against T cell mediated hepatic injury . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Colocalization of fluorescently labeled tetraspanin EC 2 proteins and HIV 1 virions within , and with CD 4 and CXCR 4 at the cell surfaces of , macrophages could be detected , and internalized tetraspanin EC 2 proteins were directed to vesicular compartments that contained internalized dextran and transferrin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Entry of HIV 1 into target cells involves interactions of the viral envelope protein ( Env ) with CD 4 and a coreceptor , usually CCR 5 or CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Colorectal explant CD 4 T cells expressed higher CCR 5 and CXCR 4 levels compared with blood . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This review discusses mechanisms underlying the neurotropism of HIV , focusing on the role of the HIV envelope glycoproteins and their interactions with CD 4 and the chemokine receptors CCR 5 and CXCR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Flow cytometry and immunostaining studies were performed , which demonstrated that the HIV 1 receptors CD 4 , CCR 5 and CXCR 4 were not expressed by villous trophoblast cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While dC 13 did not block binding of gp 120 to CD 4 , nor disrupt the gp 41 six helix bundle formation , it effectively blocked the binding of an anti CXCR 4 monoclonal antibody and chemokine SDF 1alpha to CXCR 4 expressing cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also show that this differential HIV 1 replication did not depend on differences in cell proliferative capabilities , cell surface expression of CD 4 , CXCR 4 , and CCR 5 , or in the amount of PCR products of reverse transcription , DNA synthesis , and translocation of preintegration complex into the nucleus in cord and adult T lymphocytes and MDM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Finally , anti CD3 / 28 expanded CD 4 ( + ) T cells uniformly exhibited a central memory phenotype , absence of CCR 5 expression , marked CXCR 4 expression in vitro , low levels of caspase 3 but also of Bcl 2 expression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Conversely , gp120IIIB ( monomeric or oligomeric , in presence or absence of soluble CD 4 ) did not change CXCR 4 membrane levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The same phenomena occurred in a T cell line and in transfected HEK . 293 cells that expressed both wild type CXCR 4 and a truncated form of CD 4 that is unable to bind the lymphocyte specific protein kinase Lck . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CD 4 and CD 8 T cells showed a statistically significant increase in the expression of CXCR 4 during the third trimester of pregnancy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The therapeutic viruses use CD 4 and CXCR 4 for cell entry and could potentially be used against CXCR 4 expressing malignancies such as T lymphoblastic leukemia / lymphoma , NK leukemia and some myeloid leukemias . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cells expressing the 89 . 6 env protein form syncytia with QT 6 cells expressing CD 4 and either Fusin or CKR 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we show that expression of this glycoprotein , termed fusin , in murine , feline , simian , and quail cell lines , in conjunction with human CD 4 , rendered these cells fully permissive for HIV 1 envelope glycoprotein ( Env ) mediated membrane fusion . ^^^ Expression of CD 4 or fusin alone did not permit fusion . ^^^ In addition , introduction of fusin and CD 4 into a human cell line , U87MG , that is resistant to HIV 1 induced syncytium formation and to infection by HIV 1 when expressing CD 4 alone made this cell line permissive for Env mediated cell cell fusion . ^^^ Macrophage tropic ( M tropic ) Env proteins from the SF 162 , ADA , and Ba L HIV 1 strains did not fuse with cells expressing fusin and CD 4 , suggesting that M tropic viruses utilize an accessory molecule other than fusin . ^^^ Finally , coexpression of fusin and CD 4 made both a murine and feline cell line susceptible to virus infection by T tropic , but not M tropic , HIV 1 strains . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , a human protein termed `` fusin ' ' with characteristics of a seven transmembrane spanning receptor was found to be a co factor required for the entry and fusion of HIV 1 with human CD 4 bearing lymphocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fusin works together with the CD 4 protein to allow HIV to fuse with and enter CD 4 cells ( T helper cells ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The new findings also suggest that small animals , such as mice and rabbits that express both CD 4 and fusin , could be used as models for developing anti HIV drugs and vaccines . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The presence of LESTR mRNA in very early thymocytes as well as in immature ( CD4+ CD8+ ) thymocytes suggests that both CD 4 and LESTR are co expressed and render developing human thymocytes susceptible for HIV entry , which may affect generation of both CD4+ CD 8 and CD 4 CD8+ mature lineages . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P61073 and P01730	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA