| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To learn more about potential downstream effectors involved in these melanocortinergic obesity syndromes , we have examined expression of the orexigenic peptides galanin and neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) , as well as the anorexigenic POMC in lethal yellow ( A ( y ) ) , MC 4 R knockout ( MC 4 RKO ) , and leptin deficient ( ob / ob ) mice . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we used the newly discovered selective MC4R antagonist HS 014 for increasing food intake in free feeding rats and evaluated the effects of the NPY Y 1 receptor antagonist 1229U91 and the selective serotonin uptake inhibitor fluoxetine on this increased feeding behavior . 1229U91 ( 12 nmol , i . c . v . ) , which alone does not affect food intake , significantly attenuated the orexigenic effects of HS 014 , whereas 1 and 3 nmol doses of 1229U91 were ineffective . ^^^ These data suggest that feeding induced by weakening of the MC4R ergic tone may be mediated through activation of the NPY ergic system . ^^^ This is the first report showing that physiological feeding response evoked by MC4R blockage is influenced by NPY signalling . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , the response to other feeding inhibitors such as corticotrophin releasing factor ( CRF ) , dexfenfluramine , and a melanocortin 4 receptor ( MC4R ) agonist , MTII , was unaltered in NPY / mice . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Leptin resistance of obese Mc4r / mice does not prevent their response to the anorectic actions of ciliary neurotrophic factor ( CNTF ) , corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) , or urocortin ; or the orexigenic actions of neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) or peptide YY ( PYY ) , indicating that these neuromodulators act independently or downstream of Mc4r signalling . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have examined the regulation of the orexigenic neurotransmitter , NPY , in hypothalamic slices of rat brain to discover whether the leptin or melanocortin receptor 4 ( MCR 4 ) agonists , which act as satiety signals , can influence the release of this neurotransmitter . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The genetic basis of childhood obesity has been elucidated to some extent through the discovery of leptin , the ob gene product , and the increasing knowledge on the role of neuropeptides such as POMC , neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) and the melanocyte concentrating hormone receptors ( MC4R ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This review will discuss this functional diversity by illustrating hypothalamic neurones that express neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) , the melanocortin 4 receptor ( MC 4 R ) and the orexins . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We also investigated potential downstream targets of leptin responsive NPY and POMC neurons by assessing the distribution of the melanocortin 4 receptor ( MC 4 R ) mRNA and Y 1 and Y 5 NPY receptor mRNA in chemically defined neurons . ^^^ We also found Y 1 and Y 5 NPY receptor mRNA in the PVH in patterns very similar to that of MC4R , suggesting that these receptors may be coexpressed on at least some PVH neurons . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In situ hybridization failed to detect altered CNS expression levels for proopiomelanocortin , Mc3r , Mc4r , or NPY mRNAs in Agrp ( / ) mice . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The genetic basis of childhood obesity has been elucidated to some extent through the discovery of leptin , the ob gene product , and the increasing knowledge on the role of neuropeptides such as POMC , neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) and the melanocyte concentrating hormone receptors ( for example , MC4R ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Taking into account fat content by ANCOVA reveals , however , increases in both NPY mRNA and POMC mRNA due to melanocortin 4 receptor ( MC4R ) deficiency . ^^^ We conclude that hyperphagia , not hypometabolism , is the primary disturbance initiating excessive fat deposition in MC4R deficient mice at weaning and that the overall changes in NPY and POMC expression tend to antagonize the onset of excessive fat deposition . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We examined hypothalamic gene expressions of Ob Rb , NPY , AgRP , POMC , MC 4 R , and preproorexins in pregnant Wistar rats at day 19 of gestation . ^^^ No differences were found in mRNA expression of Ob Rb , POMC , MC 4 R , NPY or preproorexin between virgin and pregnant animals . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two melanocortin receptors ( MC3R , MC4R ) are expressed in brain regions receiving projections of POMC fibers , most of which also receive projections from a population of ARC neurons that co express neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) and the MC3R / MC4R antagonist agouti related peptide ( AgRP ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In young ( 35 to 56 day old ) and middle aged ( 9 mo old ) wild type ( + / + ) and melanocortin 4 receptor ( MC4R ) deficient ( + / , / ) mice , expressions of neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) , agouti related protein ( AGRP ) , pro opiomelanocortin ( POMC ) , and cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript ( CART ) were analyzed in the arcuate nucleus ( ARC ) and adjacent regions comprising the dorsomedial ( DMN ) and ventromedial ( VMN ) nucleus . ^^^ Thus MC4R deficiency augments age induced NPY expression in the DMN and VMN with no feedback from body fat content . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we describe treatment of Agrp ( / ) ; Npy ( / ) and Mc3r ( / ) ; Mc4r ( / ) double knockout mice as well as Npy ( / ) and Agrp ( / ) single knockout mice with either ghrelin or an orally active nonpeptide ghrelin agonist . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , no NPY and MC4R ( a melanocortin receptor ) double labeled neurons were observed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Food intake , energy expenditure , adiposity , BAT UCP 1 , and leptin expression in white fat as well as hypothalamic expressions of MC3R , MC4R , POMC , AgRP and NPY were assessed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this review , we present a series of own studies on NPY , insulin and MSH / ACTH4 10 , an MC 4 R agonist . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : We genotyped polymorphisms in the melanocortin 4 receptor ( MC4R ) , melanocortin 3 receptor ( MC3R ) , neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) , neuropeptide Y Y 1 receptor ( NPY Y1R ) , cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript ( CART ) , agouti related protein ( AGRP ) , and pro opiomelanocortin ( POMC ) genes in 669 subjects ( age ( X+ / s . d . ) : parents : 52+ / 3 . 4 y ; offspring : 28+ / 8 . 7 y ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The predominant NPY orexigenic receptors are NPY Y 1 and NPY Y 5 , and the two anorexigenic melanocortin receptors involved in hypothalamic food intake control are MC 3 R and MC 4 R . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Administration of JKC 363 , a selective MC4R specific antagonist , coupled with [ Gln ( 6 ) ] alpha MSH ND , specifically reversed the [ Gln ( 6 ) ] alpha MSH ND induced inhibition of food intake , but also reversed the hypothalamic expression levels of neuropeptides such as AGRP , NPY , MCH , and POMC , which suggests [ Gln ( 6 ) ] alpha MSH ND can function as a selective MC4R agonist . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We administered agents like NPY , alpha MSH , selective melanocortin 4 receptor ( MC 4 R ) antagonist HS 014 and NPY Y 1 receptor agonist [ Leu ( 31 ) , Pro ( 34 ) ] NPY , alone and in combinations , unilaterally in right amygdala of rats and measured the response using elevated plus maze test . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NPY is orexigenic and decreases energy expenditure whereas alpha MSH reduces food consumption and stimulates catabolism . alpha MSH is an endogenous ligand for the central melanocortin receptors , MC 3 R and MC 4 R . ^^^ In order to determine whether alpha MSH may act directly on NPY neurons in the arcuate nucleus , we have investigated the possible occurrence of MC 3 R and MC 4 R mRNA in NPY expressing cell bodies in the rat hypothalamus . ^^^ Double labeling in situ hybridization histochemistry using ( 35 ) S labeled ( MC 3 R or MC 4 R ) and digoxigenin labeled ( NPY ) riboprobes revealed that 38 + / 1 % of the NPY mRNA positive perikarya expressed MC 3 R mRNA while only 9 + / 2 % of the NPY producing neurons contained MC 4 R mRNA . ^^^ The proportions of NPY neurons that express MC 3 R mRNA or MC 4 R mRNA were not significatively different in the anterior and posterior aspects of the arcuate nucleus . ^^^ The present study shows that a large proportion of NPY neurons in the rat hypothalamus express MC 3 R mRNA while a much lower number of NPY neurons express MC 4 R mRNA , suggesting that melanocortins may directly modulate the activity of the hypothalamic NPY system , mainly through activation of MC 3 R . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P01303 and P32245 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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