Pubmed abstracts for Protein-Protein Interaction search result :

Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.74322207
Prolactin ( PRL ) interacts with a specific , well characterized plasma membrane receptor ( PRLR ) that is coupled to signal transduction pathways involving Jak 2 , Fyn , and MAP kinases , and signal transducers and activators of transcription ( STAT ) . 0.74322207^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Attempts to restore PRL receptors ( PRL R ) in liver membranes of hypophysectomized rats with injections of PRL have so far been only partly successful . ^^^ PRL R were measured by displacement of the binding of [ 125I ] ovine PRL ( lactoperoxidase oxidation ) to a 5000 10 g particulate fraction of liver by unlabeled ovine PRL . ^^^ PRL R were 85 + / 12 fmol / mg in normal intact female rats . ^^^ Seven days posthypophysectomy , PRL R were undetectable . ^^^ Daily injections of bPRL with PVP for 10 days fully restored PRL R ( 117 + / 32 fmol / mg ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No relationship was observed with tumor insulin like growth factor 1 receptor , PRL receptor ( PRL R ) , and LHRH receptor ( LHRH R ) status , but an inverse relationship between EGF R and somatostatin receptor may be present . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have recently cloned a cDNA encoding a mutant form of PRL receptor ( PRL R ) from Nb 2 cells , a PRL dependent T lymphocyte derived cell line . ^^^ This cDNA is identical to the long form of the rat PRL R , except for a deletion of 594 base pairs in the cytoplasmic domain , resulting in a mature receptor protein of 393 amino acids . ^^^ In this system , CHO cells were transiently transfected with a construct containing 2300 base pairs of the 5 ' flanking sequence of the rat beta casein gene fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( CAT ) gene and an expression vector containing the various forms of rat PRL R cDNA . ^^^ In cells transfected with the long form of the PRL R and beta casein / CAT construct , a 7 . 2 + / 0 . 9 fold induction ( n = 3 ) of CAT activity was seen when cells were cultured in the presence of 400 ng / ml PRL and 1 micrograms / ml hydrocortisone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These gene constructs were transfected into rabbit primary mammary cells , or cotransfected in CHO cells with the plasmid coding for the rabbit mammary receptor ( PRL R ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Detection of prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) mRNA in the rat hypothalamus and pituitary gland . ^^^ Prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) mRNAs exist in several tissues where prolactin is known to act including the liver , testes , prostate , ovary , mammary gland , adrenal gland and kidney . ^^^ Therefore , we hypothesized that PRL R mRNA would exist in these target tissues as well . ^^^ Using primers that flanked the coding region for the extracellular binding domain we detected PRL R mRNA in the anterior and medial basal hypothalamus , anterior and posterior pituitary gland , as well as in the liver , but not in the cerebral cortex or skeletal muscle . ^^^ In addition , when we used primers that distinguish the long and short forms of the PRL R mRNA , both forms of the PRL R mRNA were detectable in the same tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The nature and tissue distribution of prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) mRNA in both male and female rats was studied . ^^^ There were distinct and contrasting sex differences in abundance of PRL R mRNA in some tissues : liver ( female much greater than male ) , kidney and adrenal ( male much greater than female ) . ^^^ Given previous reports on the effects of thyroid status on PRL binding , the effects of thyroxine ( T 4 ) , propylthiouracil ( PTU ) or combined treatment on PRL R mRNA were assessed . ^^^ In the male rat , PTU treatment markedly increased ( three to fourfold ) PRL R mRNA in the liver but decreased it ( approximately 50 % ) in the kidney . ^^^ T 4 or PTU treatment increased PRL R mRNA in the prostate , with no obvious changes in binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The levels of GH receptor ( GH R ) and PRL receptor ( PRL R ) determined by competitive binding assays were similar to those observed in late pregnant , nontransgenic mice . ^^^ Total cellular RNA was isolated from livers of transgenic and nontransgenic mice and analyzed on Northern blots using probes specific for GH R and PRL R . ^^^ Results showed that the levels of messenger RNA for both GH R and PRL R were elevated in transgenic mice expressing high levels of serum oGH . ^^^ Since levels of PRL in these mice were within the normal range , these results demonstrate that oGH is capable of inducing hepatic GH R and PRL R in vivo and that PRL is not required for the induction of its own receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two forms of PRL receptor ( PRL R ) , which differ in the length of their cytoplasmic domains have been identified in different tissues and species . ^^^ In the present study we have cloned the cDNA and characterized the mitogenic form of PRL R in Nb 2 cells . ^^^ Polymerase chain reaction amplification of first strand cDNA prepared from Nb 2 11C ( PRL dependent ) and Nb 2 Sp ( PRL independent ) cell lines was performed using oligonucleotide primers specific for the binding domain , the short form of the PRL R , and the cytoplasmic domain of the long form of the PRL R . ^^^ These studies indicate that both cell lines express a novel form of PRL R . ^^^ A cDNA was isolated from an Nb 2 Sp cDNA library , which contains 1446 base pairs identical to the nucleotide sequence of the long form of the rat PRL R . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rabbit mammary gland contained three major ( 10 . 5 , 3 . 4 , and 2 . 7 kb ) and one minor ( 6 . 2 kb ) prolactin receptor poly ( A ) + RNA transcripts all of which contain the entire coding sequence of the long form of PRL receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Little is known of the regulation of gene expression for the family of growth hormone ( GH ) and prolactin ( PRL ) receptors ( PRL R ) . ^^^ In the current study we have examined the expression of GHR / GHBP and PRL R mRNA in the male rat over a broad developmental range fetal through to 110 days of age . ^^^ These results indicate that mRNA species for GHR , GHBP , PRL R and insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) are all developmentally regulated with the pattern for IGF 1 correlating more closely with that of GHBP than GHR . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Biological and clinical aspects of prolactin receptors ( PRL R ) in human breast cancer . ^^^ It has been shown that prolactin receptors ( PRL R ) which are specific for all lactogenic hormones ( hPRL , hGH , hPL ) are present on mammary cancer cells in long term tissue culture and also in tumor biopsies . ^^^ We found that 43 % of the tumors had free PRL R ( FPRL R ) and that 72 % had total PRL R ( TPRL R ) which have been desaturated in vitro . ^^^ A significant correlation ( Spearman test ) was found between PRL R ( especially TPRL R ) on the one hand , estradiol ( P less than 0 . 001 ) and progesterone receptors ( P less than 0 . 01 ) on the other . ^^^ The demonstration of PRL induced proteins ( PIP ) might be a better sign of PRL sensitivity than the existence or PRL R ; PIP have been found by Northern blot analysis in 47 % of 70 breast cancers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The female specific expression of the rat liver PRL receptor ( PRL R ) gene was investigated by Northern analysis of hypophysectomized rats after two alternative human GH treatments that were to mimic either 1 ) the continuous female specific or 2 ) the discontinuous male specific serum GH patterns . ^^^ The former ( female specific ) pattern was shown to result in a dramatic increase in PRL R mRNA in both males and females , while the latter ( male specific ) pattern failed to evoke this response . ^^^ A similar inductive effect in hypophysectomized females was shown after continuous administration of bovine GH and was found to constitute an approximately 60 fold increase in PRL R mRNA levels . ^^^ In contrast to GH , only a slight elevation of PRL R mRNA was evoked by the ligand ovine PRL , while coadministration of ovine PRL with bovine GH failed to enhance the mRNA level found with bovine GH alone . ^^^ The detection of previously unreported PRL R mRNAs in liver of approximately 3 . 0 , 3 . 8 , and 5 kilobases in addition to the major 2 . 2 kilobase form was also evident after continuous GH administration . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A functional biological system was developed by cotransfecting mammalian cell lines with the cDNA of the prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) and a fusion gene containing the promoter of the milk protein , ovine beta lactoglobulin linked to the coding sequence of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( CAT ) gene . ^^^ Surprisingly , this system is effective even if a non mammary cell line is used , since Chinese hamster ovary ( CHO ) cells transfected both transiently and stably with PRL R cDNA respond to PRL , as observed by stimulation of the reporter gene . ^^^ This newly developed system should help precisely define the functional domains of both the PRL R molecule and of the regulatory elements of a PRL target gene . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In these 9 patients with adenomata , the correlations between the inter sinus gradients for ACTH and beta endorphin were r = 0 . 95 ( P less than 0 . 01 ) , ACTH and PRL r = 0 . 90 ( P less than 0 . 01 ) and for ACTH and GH r = 0 . 89 ( P less than 0 . 05 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Besides decreases of gonadotropins and testicular T , systemic Ant . treatment decreased testicular Prl R , but had no effect on LH R or FSH R . ^^^ Bromocriptine induced hypoprolactinemia , in contrast , decreased LH R but had no effect on Prl R . ^^^ The results indicate reciprocal regulation of LH R and Prl R , and that testicular steroidogenesis and LH R are under differential regulation , the former by LH , the latter by Prl . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) concentrations were determined in membrane preparations of canine mammary tumours and of non affected mammary tissues by a radioreceptor assay using ovine prolactin ( oPRL ) both for 125I labelling and for displacement . ^^^ Histologically non affected samples of mammary tissue from 6 dogs were PRL R positive ( 12 195 fmol / mg protein ) . ^^^ In tumour samples where pre existing mammary epithelium ( PME ) was present ( 3 non malignant and 6 malignant tumour samples ; PME content 5 10 % ) , the cut off limit for PRL R positivity was increased to 50 fmol / mg protein to forestall false positives due to non affected tissue . ^^^ All 18 non malignant tumours showed PRL R ( 18 162 fmol / mg protein ) . ^^^ The PRL R levels were positively correlated with levels of oestrogen ( ER ; r = 0 . 735 , P less than 0 . 002 ) and progesterone receptors ( PgR ; r = 0 . 556 , P less than 0 . 02 ) as measured by a multi concentration dextran coated charcoal method . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of the prolactin receptor in cell fractions from rat liver . [ 125I ] Prolactin ( PRL ) was covalently cross linked to its binding sites in subcellular fractions of female rat livers using NHSAB and UV irradiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human chorionic gonadotropin treatment , but not GnRH A treatment , increased testicular Prl R . ^^^ GnRH antagonist analog ( GnRH Ant ) treatment did not affect testicular LH R , but decreased Prl R and testicular T production . ^^^ Decrease of serum Prl by bromocriptine had no effect on testicular LH R or Prl R , but slightly decreased T production in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Correlation between prolactin receptors ( PRL R ) , estradiol ( ER ) and progesterone receptors ( PgR ) in human breast cancer . ^^^ Free ( n = 432 ) and total ( n = 387 ) prolactin receptors ( PRL R ) ( after 3 M MgC 12 desaturation ) as well as estradiol ( ER ) and progesterone receptors ( PgR ) were measured in 547 breast cancer patients surgically treated in the Oscar Lambret Centre . ^^^ Free PRL R were found in 43 % of the cases , total PRL R in 72 % , ER in 81 % and PgR in 55 % . ^^^ A statistically significant correlation was found by the Spearman test between ER on the one hand free PRL R ( P less than 0 . 02 ) and total PRL R ( P less than 0 . 001 ) on the other and between PgR on the one hand , free PRL R ( P less than 0 . 05 ) and total PRL R ( P less than 0 . 01 ) on the other . ^^^ A linear correlation test could be done on subgroups of values , excluding zero values , of each of the receptor type ; a statistically significant correlation could be found between ER and total PRL R ( P less than 0 . 001 ) and between PgR and total PRL R ( P less than 0 . 05 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , there was a slight decline of both free and total PRL receptor levels with increasing tumor age , with total prolactin receptor levels in tumors 7 20 days old being 32 . 0 + / 1 . 4 % compared to 26 . 0 + / 2 . 0 % in tumors 66 110 days old ( p less than 0 . 05 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ant . and A / S had no effect on testicular LH and FSH R , but both decreased testicular Prl R by about 50 % ( P less than 0 . 01 0 . 05 ) . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BR decreased LH R but had no effect on Prl R . ^^^ It is concluded that Ant . induced low gonadotropin levels in immature animals inhibit the developmental increase of testicular weight , gonadotropin and Prl R , steroidogenesis and androgen action on accessory sex glands . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Positive and negative distribution was almost equal ( 48 vs 52 % ) and there was not correlation between PRL R and ER . ^^^ The importance of PRL R assay requires a further evaluation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There was a synergistic effect between E 2 and PRL on tumor growth but not on ER , PgR , or PRLR . ^^^ Either E 2 or PRL or both hormones were able to maintain PRLR in mammary tumors after hypox . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The pituitary hormone prolactin ( Prl ) is known to act as a local regulator of immune cell function , and Prl binding receptors ( Prl R ) have been described to share distinctive features with the members of the newly described cytokine / hemopoietin receptor superfamily . ^^^ Analysis of the early events associated with the Prl / Prl R interaction showed an increased number of cells engaged in DNA and hemoglobin synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For the PRL receptor ( PRLR ) , after PRL stimulation , both the kinase Jak 2 and the receptor undergo tyrosine phosphorylation . ^^^ We identified a single tyrosine residue located at the C terminus of the PRLR to be necessary for in vivo activation of PRL responsive gene transcription . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ribonuclease protection assay and in situ hybridization analysis revealed that messenger RNA ( mRNA ) expression for the long form PRL receptor [ PRL R ( L ) ] was remarkably induced in the rat choroid plexus in 2 h of RSW . ^^^ The high expression level of PRL R ( L ) mRNA in the region was reduced after the rats were released from the stress . ^^^ PRL R ( L ) mRNA expression in the hypothalamus was at lower levels than those in the choroid plexus before and during the RSW treatment . ^^^ The results indicated that the restraint stress caused a rapid increase in serum PRL and induced the gene expression for PRL R ( L ) in the choroid plexus , suggesting stress induced and choroid plexus PRL R ( L ) mediated transport of serum PRL into the cerebrospinal fluid . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previous reports demonstrated that prolactin receptors ( PRL R ) are widely expressed on cells of the immune system . ^^^ We analyzed a possible regulation of PRL R expression on human mononucleated blood cells by prolactin ( PRL ) itself . ^^^ PRL R expression was analyzed by immunofluorescence on T and B lymphocytes and monocytes from peripheral blood mononucleated cells ( PBMC ) of patients with hyperprolactinemia or acromegaly compared with sex and age matched control subjects . ^^^ The frequency of PRL R positive cells and the intensity of PRL R expression was only modified among the CD8+ T cell population of hyperprolactinemic patients with macroadenoma . ^^^ No correlation was reported between PRL R expression and circulating PRL levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A full length PRL receptor ( PRLR ) complementary DNA from pigeons was obtained by screening pigeon crop sac libraries and by reverse transcription coupled with polymerase chain reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of PRL and PRLR transcripts was also clearly observed in intraepithelial lymphocytes purified from the mouse intestine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : In the rat , prolactin receptors ( PRL R ) have been identified in normal pituitary cells and in anterior pituitary tumours induced by oestradiol . ^^^ No published data are available concerning PRL R in the human pituitary . ^^^ The aim of our study was therefore to detect the presence of PRL R in the normal human pituitary gland and human pituitary adenomas . ^^^ DESIGN : Evaluation of free and total PRL R in the normal pituitary gland and different pituitary tumours characterized by immunocytochemical analysis . ^^^ MEASUREMENTS : Free PRL R in microsomal membranes were determined by in vitro radioreceptor assay using 125I labelled human PRL as ligand . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To identify target cells of prolactin ( PRL ) in the male gonad , the expression of prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) mRNA in adult rat testes was investigated by in situ hybridization using a digoxigenin labeled cRNA probe . ^^^ Signals for PRL R mRNA were detected not only in interstitial cells but also in spermatogenic cells . ^^^ PRL R mRNA was expressed in all stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium . ^^^ PRL R were detected on the surface of Leydig cells , Sertoli cells , all phases of spermatogonia and spermatocytes , elongated spermatids , and spermatozoa . ^^^ In Leydig cells , pachytene spermatocytes , and spermatozoa , PRL R were observed in relatively large numbers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cellular distribution and developmental expression of the PRL receptor ( PRLR ) in the late gestational fetal rat were examined by in situ hybridization , immunohistochemistry , and radioligand binding . ^^^ The encoding of functional PRL receptor proteins by fetal PRLR mRNA was revealed by the presence of specific rat placental lactogen 2 binding sites in fetal adrenal cortex , renal tubules , small intestinal villi , pancreatic ductules and islets , hepatic parenchymal cells , choroid plexus ependymal cells , and microsomal fractions of fetal lung and thymus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The novel results obtained here indicate that Vav is transiently associated with the PRLr and is necessary for PRL stimulated proliferation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To identify cis acting prolactin ( PRL ) response elements within the sheep beta lactoglobulin ( BLG ) promoter , CHO cells were co transfected with a rabbit PRL receptor ( PRL R ) expression plasmid and a number of BLG CAT constructs . ^^^ MPBF binding activity was detected in the nucleus of CHO cells and was increased 2 6 fold in cells stably transfected with the PRL R . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have characterized a stable and functional transfectant of the rabbit prolactin receptor in Chinese hamster ovary cells , and investigated the action of prolactin ( PRL ) on the growth and differentiation of this transfectant ( clone E 32 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptors ( PRL R ) are members of the cytokine receptor superfamily , which have in common , an absence of any known consensus sequence for signal transduction in their cytoplasmic domains . ^^^ The aim of this study was to investigate the role of these cytoplasmic regions in the functional activity of the PRL R . ^^^ Several mutant forms of PRL R were constructed either by truncation or by deletion of the cDNA . ^^^ Biological activities of these mutant receptors were assayed in CHO cells using a functional assay consisting in the co transfection of PRL R cDNA , along with a PRL responsive promoter fused to the coding sequence of the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase ( CAT ) gene . ^^^ Fully active PRL R could be obtained when 217 of 358 aa of the cytoplasmic domain were present . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An Nb 2 prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) cDNA has been cloned from the PRL dependent Nb 2 11C cell line , and the protein coding region is identical to that of the PRL R isolated from the PRL independent cell line Nb 2 Sp . ^^^ Short , Nb 2 , and long forms of the PRL R were analyzed for signal transduction to the immediate early gene , interferon regulatory factor 1 ( IRF 1 ) and for cellular proliferation . ^^^ The Nb 2 PRL R induced IRF 1 CAT 14 . 3 fold on addition of PRL , while the long PRL R induced IRF 1 CAT 5 . 6 fold in FDC P 1 cells . ^^^ The short PRL R did not activate the IRF 1 promoter . ^^^ IRF 1 CAT was induced in these cell lines by the Nb 2 PRL R 10 to 12 fold and long PRL R 3 to 3 . 5 fold . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin ( PRL ) exerts a wide variety of physiological effects on mammalian tissues through its receptor ( PRL R ) on the target cells . ^^^ PRL R in rat tissue consists of two isoforms , the long and the short form , and the regulatory mechanisms of their mRNA expression in tissues are complex and diverse . ^^^ The present study reports the differential regulation of PRL R mRNA expression in rat liver and kidney by testosterone and oestradiol . ^^^ Using Northern blot analysis , short form PRL R mRNA was clearly detected in female rat liver and male rat kidney , and long form PRL R mRNA was faintly observed only in female rat liver . ^^^ However , the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method enabled efficient analysis of mRNA levels in short and long forms of PRL R in the liver and kidney of both male and female rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Finally , we identified the tyrosine kinase JAK 2 , which is constitutively associated with the PRLR , using the Nb 2 rat lymphoma cell line as a model system with which to study the action of PRL on cell mitogenesis . ^^^ We also showed that , after stimulation by PRL , the dimerization process is a prerequisite step for the phosphorylation of the PRLR and JAK 2 , which represents the earliest event in the signal transduction pathway . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mechanism of action of prolactin ( PRL ) was studied in murine lymphoid BAF 3 cells transfected with either the long form of the PRL receptor ( PRL R ) , or a chimeric receptor consisting of the extracellular domain of the PRL R and the transmembrane and intracellular domain of the erythropoietin receptor ( PRL / EPO R ) . ^^^ PRL sustained normal and long term proliferation of BAF 3 cells expressing either the PRL R or the hybrid PRL / EPO R . ^^^ These cross linked complexes , after denaturation , were recognized by antibody against the PRL R , indicating that they contain the transfected receptor . ^^^ PRL induced rapid and transient tyrosine phosphorylation of both the PRL R and the PRL / EPO R in BAF 3 transfectants . ^^^ Furthermore , PRL induced rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of the Janus kinase 2 ( JAK 2 ) which was already physically associated with the PRL R or the PRL / EPO R in the absence of ligand . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This is due to an increase in the number of GH and PRL receptors ( GHR , PRLR ) per mg of microsomal protein without changes in binding affinity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Little is known , however , of the signal transduction mechanisms of the PRL receptor ( PRLR ) within T cells . ^^^ Activation of fyn was also observed in Concanavalin A primed peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with PRL and in Nb 2 cells incubated with anti PRLR antibodies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The receptors for prolactin ( PRLR ) are expressed in many tissues including the mammary gland , a classical target tissue for prolactin ( PRL ) , but the cellular localization of expression of the PRLR gene in mammary gland has not yet been identified . ^^^ We therefore employed the pituitary isografted mouse as a model to distinguish the cells expressing PRLR since PRL blood levels are known to be constitutively elevated in these animals . ^^^ The localization of PRL responsive cells to the parenchyma of the mammary gland suggests that epithelial cells are the mediators of PRL action and that the transcriptional regulation of PRLR expression by PRL is direct in the epithelial cell . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To better understand whether short and long forms of PRLR are involved in the immune effects of PRL , we evaluated the distribution of these different forms in the thymus , spleen , lymph nodes and bone marrow from rats and mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study shows that the PRL binder in rat liver nuclei is a small protein and probably differs from molecular form of the rat liver membrane prolactin receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PRL receptor ( PRL R ) expression has been analyzed in human hematopoietic tissues using flow cytofluorometric analysis with a series of biotinylated monoclonal antibodies ( mAbs ) directed against the extracellular domain of the rat liver PRL R . ^^^ In the thymus , more than 75 % of cells were labeled by the anti PRL R mAb . ^^^ Regarding PRL R expression in the four T cell subsets defined by CD4 / CD8 expression , the majority of cells expressed low receptor levels , whereas a minority of double negative ( CD 4 CD8 ) and single positive CD4+ cells were strongly labeled by the anti PRL R mAb . ^^^ In the peripheral blood , an average of 80 % of lymphoid cells , comprising all B cells , all monocytes , and 75 % of T cells , were consistently PRL R positive . ^^^ The ubiquitous distribution of PRL R in bone marrow stem cells , B cells , monocytes , and T cells was confirmed by the positive staining obtained in a set of human lymphoid cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To establish the suitability of the MA 10 murine tumor Leydig cell line for the study of PRL receptors ( PRLR ) and effects on steroidogenesis , we initially characterized PRLR on cultured MA 10 cells . ^^^ Thus , the demonstration of specific PRL binding sites on MA 10 Leydig cells , with characteristics similar to primary Leydig cell PRLR , suggests that this cell line can serve as a good model for both the study of PRLR mechanism of action and the role of PRL in Leydig cell function . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study represents an initial effort to identify cytoplasmic regions of the PRL receptor ( PRLR ) that are critical to growth signal generation and JAK 2 activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because prolactin ( PRL ) plays a role in neonatal immune development , we examined the expression of prolactin receptors ( PRL R ) in neonatal lymphoid tissues . ^^^ In this present study , we asked if neonatal lymphocytes express PRL R ; which forms of PRL R are expressed ( long vs . short form ) ; when these forms are expressed during development ; and if milk ingestion plays a role in receptor expression . ^^^ Two approaches were taken using neonatal rat thymocytes and splenocytes : RNA was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) and cells were stained with antibody to PRL R and analyzed by flow cytometry . ^^^ In regard to cell surface expression , the percentage of PRL R positive splenocytes was greater than thymocytes at all ages tested . ^^^ In the spleen , the percentage of PRL R positive cells gradually increased to adult levels by day 10 ; in the thymus the percentage fell to adult levels by the first day after birth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to study the transit of the hormone and its receptor respectively , the intracellular pathway of PRL and ot two monoclonal antibodies against PRL receptor ( PRL R ) , labelled with biotin and colloidal gold , were monitored in incubated fragments of enzymatically dissociated mammary cells of lactating rabbits . ^^^ M 110 anti PRL R was internalised in endosomes and detected mainly in microvesicular bodies during a one hour incubation . ^^^ In contrast , A 917 anti PRL R also internalised in endosomes and in microvesicular bodies , was carried out to the Golgi apparatus and to the lumen of the acini after 5 min of incubation at 37 degrees C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have investigated the relative amounts and sites of synthesis during the rat estrous cycle of the two ovarian mRNAs encoding the long and short PRL receptors ( PRL R ) . ^^^ Quantitative analysis has revealed that the mRNA encoding the short PRL R is consistently present throughout the cycle in lower quantities than the long receptor mRNA . ^^^ The short PRL R mRNA was detected at significant levels in the granulosa derived cumulus oophorus and in the thecal cell region at this time , whereas the long PRL R mRNA was only weakly expressed in these cell types . ^^^ In contrast , the long PRL R mRNA was present at higher levels , compared to the short receptor mRNA , in the granulosa cells of preantral follicles in the interior of the ovary . ^^^ On late proestrus , the long PRL R mRNA was found predominantly in the mural granulosa cells of large Graafian follicles and in corpora lutea , but by estrous morning this mRNA appeared to be mostly restricted to the corpora lutea . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have isolated the cDNA encoding the cytoplasmic domain of a long form of the mouse PRL receptor ( PRL R ) . ^^^ The mRNA for this long form PRL R and the three mRNAs encoding short mouse PRL R that have been previously characterized are all expressed in both the liver and ovary . ^^^ Within the ovary , the abundance and sites of synthesis of the four PRL R mRNAs vary during pregnancy . ^^^ Expression of the two most abundant PRL R mRNAs increases significantly at midgestation . ^^^ Expression of PRL R mRNA is detected in the corpus luteum throughout pregnancy , while increased receptor mRNA levels are evident in the granulosa cells of a subset of Graafian follicles toward the end of pregnancy and during lactation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Five monoclonal antibodies ( T 1 , T 6 , U 5 , U 6 , and E 21 ) made to the external portion of the rat PRL receptor ( PRL R ) were conjugated to fluorescein isothyrocynate and used to examine the presence of PRL R on mouse lymphocytes and macrophages using analytical flow cytometry . ^^^ The monoclonals were initially evaluated using Nb 2 cells , a cloned line from a rat lymphoma , and NOG 8 cells , a cloned line from normal mouse mammary gland tissue , which are known to have PRL R . ^^^ Isolated thioglycolate induced peritoneal macrophages contained PRL R , and the PRL R monoclonal U 5 gave the best separation from unstained cells . ^^^ Eighty five percent of macrophages constitutively had PRL R using this monoclonal . ^^^ PRL R were constitutively expressed on 5 % of the CD 4 cells and 20 % of the CD 8 cells and were increased in the Con A stimulated lymph node when examined with the U 5 PRL R monoclonal . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These and other data support the notion that hGH and hPRL activate the PRL receptor by sequential dimerization and provide a rational basis for the design of potent antagonists to the prolactin receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The extracellular domain of rabbit prolactin receptor ( rbPRLR ECD ) expressed in an insect / baculovirus expression system was purified by affinity chromatography on immobilized PRL followed by gel filtration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have analyzed the expression of prolactin receptors ( PRL R ) on murine lymphoid cells by using flow cytofluorometry analysis with biotinylated anti PRL R mAb raised against several epitopes of the extracellular domain of the PRL R and by using polymerase chain reaction amplification . ^^^ We demonstrated that PRL R were universally expressed in normal rat and mouse hematopoietic tissues . ^^^ In both primary lymphoid organs , namely , thymus and bone marrow , > 90 % of cells were labeled by the anti PRL R mAb , but the density of PRL R ( assessed by fluorescence intensity ) was lower on thymocytes than on bone marrow cells . ^^^ In peripheral lymphoid organs there were smaller proportions of cells bearing PRL R and we could clearly distinguish cell subsets of various fluorescence intensities . ^^^ By using classical markers for lymphoid cell populations , we noted that all B cells and macrophages from spleen , lymph nodes , and blood strongly expressed the PRL R . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mitogenic effects of human growth hormone ( hGH ) , a PRL related hormone , and also of several monoclonal antibodies ( MAbs ) against the PRL receptor ( PRLR ) , were also abrogated by physiological concentrations of aMT . ^^^ These findings indicate that aMT interrupts the PRLR mediated growth signal in HBC and suggest that the oncostatic activity of aMT may also be linked with an antagonism of PRL ' s actions . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Accordingly , Northern analysis and in situ hybridization histochemistry have been used respectively to quantitate and localize the expression of the PRL receptor ( PRL R ) gene within the uterus during the peripartal period . ^^^ Immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis using an anti PRL R antibody ( U 5 ) localized the translated protein at the cellular level in the same tissues . ^^^ As judged by the level of expression of the PRL R gene and its translated products , the chorionic cytotrophoblast has been shown to be a primary site of action . ^^^ Western analyses with an antibody ( U 5 ) to the extracellular domain of the rat PRL R detected six major molecular species of 95 , 85 , 63 , less than 63 , more than 30 , and 30 kDa in cytosol from separated amnion , chorion , and decidua . ^^^ The two bands at 95 and 85 kDa were approximate values only and represent the mature glycosylated forms of the human PRL R . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The PRL receptor ( PRLR ) is expressed at very low levels in the olfactory bulb of the adult rat but is detected in abundance in the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb of the fetal rat in late gestation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of prolactin ( PRL ) dependent signaling occurs as the result of ligand induced dimerization of receptor ( PRLr ) . ^^^ Although three PRLr isoforms ( short , intermediate , and long ) have been characterized and are variably coexpressed in PRL responsive tissues , the functional effects of ligand induced PRLr isoform heterodimerization have not been examined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin ( PRL ) binds to two molecules of PRL receptor ( PRLR ) through two regions referred to as binding sites 1 and 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Based on the assumption that the prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) is activated by PRL induced sequential dimerization , potential human PRL ( hPRL ) antagonists were designed that sterically interfere with binding site 2 . ^^^ In order to investigate whether such paradoxical agonistic behavior might result from characteristic features of the Nb 2 assay ( e . g . species specificity ) , we transfected in the same cell system the cDNA encoding the PRLR from rat or human species along with reporter genes containing PRL responsive DNA sequences . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study was designed to investigate the localization of PRL receptor ( PRL R ) gene expressing cells in the human decidualized endometrium using in situ hybridization histochemistry . ^^^ Sense and antisense 35S labeled RNA probes for human PRL R mRNA were hybridized with cryostat sections of human decidua , which were obtained from patients undergoing therapeutic abortion at 8 10 weeks of gestation . ^^^ Hybridization signals for PRL R mRNA were seen over the decidual cells . ^^^ Comparing the localization of PRL R gene expressing cells to that of PRL gene expressing cells using adjacent sections , their distributions were quite similar . ^^^ These results indicate that not only PRL but also PRL R transcripts are located in the decidual cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) , a member of the hematopoietin cytokine receptor superfamily , is widely distributed among mammalian tissues . ^^^ To understand better the potential sites of action and onset of potential PRL responsiveness , the developmental distribution pattern of PRL R mRNA expression in fetal and neonatal mice was examined . ^^^ Expression of PRL R mRNA was first observed on day 14 in the liver and cranium and on day 15 in the kidney , lung and thymus gland . ^^^ Pituitary and adrenal glands were positive for PRL R at day 18 of gestation through to day 1 of postnatal life . ^^^ Neither whole fetuses prior to day 14 ( days 10 13 ) of gestation nor skin and bladder tissues from 2 day old mice generated detectable RT PCR signals for PRL R . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of the rat PRL receptor ( PRLR ) gene has revealed three separate untranslated exon 1 sequences , each associated with a different transcription start site and 5 ' flanking sequence . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transfected cells expressing the human PRLR receptor , treated with human GH or prolactin ( PRL ) , induced a dose dependent increase in transcriptional activation of the beta casein / luciferase fusion gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The nucleotide sequence encoding the extracellular and transmembrane domains of PRL RL is completely identical to that of short forms of mouse PRL R . ^^^ Complementary DNA ( cDNA ) encoding a long form of prolactin receptor ( PRL RL ) was cloned from mouse mammary gland by PCR using primers designed from the noncoding regions of previously reported rat ovarian PRL RL cDNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) expression from birth to adulthood as well as the effect of milk ingestion on the PRL R expression were examined in splenocytes and thymocytes of neonatal rats . ^^^ Three approaches were taken to measure PRL R expression : ( 1 ) polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) ; ( 2 ) antibody to PRL R and Western blotting ; ( 3 ) antibody to PRL R and flow cytometry . ^^^ RT PCR analysis revealed the short and long form of PRL R mRNA in both spleen and thymus at every age tested . ^^^ However , the long form of PRL R mRNA was always more abundant than that of the short form . ^^^ In addition , antipeptide antibody against the long form of PRL R recognized 84 and 42 kD proteins in the spleen , but only the 84 kD protein in the thymus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The distribution of prolactin receptors ( PRL R ) in the rat brain was investigated for the first time with the immunohistochemical technique using monoclonal antibodies raised against PRL R purified from rat liver . ^^^ PRL R like immunoreactive neurons were found in a number of brain areas . ^^^ Comparison between the present distribution and that of PRL like immunoreactivity indicates that the density of PRL R generally corresponds to that of the fibers . ^^^ However , in some regions densely stained by PRL R antibody , there are very few PRL immunoreactive fibers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , using monoclonal antibodies ( mAbs ) raised against the extracellular domain of the rat liver PRL receptor ( PRL R ) , we demonstrated by immunochemistry and molecular biology the presence of functional PRL receptors on thymic epithelial cells , one of the major components of the thymic microenvironment , which significantly influences early events in T cell differentiation . ^^^ These data , together with the demonstration of PRL production by thymocytes led to the hypothesis that , in addition to the classical endocrine pathway , autocrine and paracrine PRL / PRL R interactions may exist in both central and peripheral lymphoid organs , and involve lymphocytes and microenvironmental cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we studied the relationship between pup contact induced maternal behavior and serum PRL concentrations and brain PRL receptor ( PRL R ) mRNA expression in male rats . ^^^ However , in the male rats displaying crouching and licking , the concomitant increases in serum PRL concentration and brain mRNA expression for long form PRL R were observed . ^^^ The expression of short form PRL R mRNA in the brain was not stimulated by pup contact . ^^^ And , concomitantly , increases in serum PRL concentration and brain expression of long form PRL R mRNA were reduced . ^^^ In castrated male rats , however , the ratings of maternal behavior toward foster young , serum PRL concentration increase , or brain long form PRL R mRNA expression were not reduced at all by cohabitation with a female and her pups . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These experiments were initiated to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of transcriptional activation via PRL receptor ( PRL R ) signaling . ^^^ Binding of PRL to the recombinant pigeon PRL R activated transcription driven by a 2 . 8 kbp 5 ' fragment of the rat beta casein gene . ^^^ PRL enhanced the expression of chimeric reporters containing the beta casein PRL response element ( PRE ) , but not the c fos sis inducible element , when the reporters were transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells with the PRL R . ^^^ Coexpression of JAK 2 with PRL R resulted in amplification of the induction of the PRE by PRL , whereas JAKs 1 and 3 did not amplify the PRL effect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Initially , we sought to determine the expression of a receptor for PRL ( PRLr ) on rat NK cells and to determine the effects of interleukin 2 ( IL 2 ) on its expression . ^^^ By flow cytometric and 251 PRL binding analyses , we determined that A NK cells expressed detectable levels of PRLr internally . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The extracellular domain of the PRL receptor ( PRL R ) is composed of two subdomains of approximately 100 amino acids , S 1 and S 2 . ^^^ Somewhat unexpectedly , a constitutively ( PRL independent ) mutant form of the PRL R was obtained after deletion of the S 2 subdomain . ^^^ Furthermore , in the mouse mammary epithelial cell line HC 11 , the constitutive PRL R form was able to induce transcription of the beta casein gene in the absence of PRL . ^^^ These results suggest a complex signal transduction process that implicates each extracellular PRL R subdomain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this investigation we examined , using reverse transcription PCR , whether and which type of PRL receptor ( PRL R ) messenger RNA ( mRNA ) is expressed in the decidua , whether the receptor is confined only to one cell population , and whether the PRL R expression is regulated by decidua derived factors . ^^^ The results indicate that the uterus of pseudopregnant rats does not express the PRL R and that decidualization does not trigger a rapid appearance of PRL R mRNA . ^^^ It is only 3 days after the induction of decidualization that the long form of the PRL R was first expressed . ^^^ As development proceeded , PRL R mRNA decreased and disappeared specifically from the antimesometrial decidua , whereas the mesometrial decidua continued to express this receptor mRNA . ^^^ Concomitant with down regulation of the PRL R in the antimesometrial tissue was a rather abrupt expression of activin A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The primary sequence of the prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) in turkeys was deduced from a cDNA clone isolated from a kidney cDNA library and from a polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) product . ^^^ The open reading frame of the turkey PRL R ( tPRL R ) predicted an 831 amino acid protein composed of a leader peptide , an extracellular domain , a single transmembrane domain , and an intracellular domain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using analytical fluorescent cell cytometry we quantitated the percentages of CD 4 , and CD 8 T cells , B cells and macrophages and the percentages of these subsets expressing interleukin 2 ( IL 2R ) , prolactin ( PRLR ) and Hi intensity PRL ( Hi PRLR ) receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study was designed to examine the expression of the prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) gene in the human decidualized endometrium and to determine the localization of endometrial cells expressing the PRL R gene . ^^^ Total RNA was extracted to perform northern blot hybridization with a radiolabeled human PRL R cDNA probe . ^^^ Conclusion : The human PRL R gene is expressed in the decidual cells in early pregnancy not only in normal pregnancy but also in ectopic pregnancy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show here that CD33+ blasts from AML patients express membrane PRL R and that the PRL / PRL R interaction is followed by increased susceptibility to natural killer ( NK ) ( p < 0 . 02 ) and LAK ( p < 0 . 001 ) cells . ^^^ As predicted from the dimerization model of PRL R and in agreement with previous reports , the response of AML blasts to PRL was bell shaped with a trend peak at 25 ng / ml . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to examine the time dependent expression of the PRL receptor ( PRL R ) gene at lactogenesis , the level of PRL R mRNA was determined following ovariectomy in pregnant mouse mammary gland . ^^^ The long and short forms of PRL R mRNAs were detected in a molar ratio of 1 : 0 . 2 on day 12 of pregnancy . ^^^ Eight h after ovariectomy , the long form of PRL R mRNA began to increase , showing a bell shaped profile with the highest peak at 16 h . ^^^ The short form of PRL R mRNA was at low levels and remained constant . ^^^ The levels of the long form of PRL R mRNA decreased similarly in the presence and absence of foster pups from 24 to 48 h . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Modification of prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) expression by PRL in the mouse liver : estimation of the ratio of two forms of PRL R mRNAs by `` one sided competitive PCR ' ' . ^^^ In addition , pituitary grafting increased the S / L ratio in the liver , implying that prolactin down regulated the functional long form of PRL R and lowered tissue sensitivity to prolactin itself by modifying the post transcriptional regulation of PRL R . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study represents an initial effort to identify the phosphorylation repertoire of the PRL receptor ( PRLR ) . ^^^ Both PI 3 ' kinase and IRS 1 appear to associate with PRLR in a PRL dependent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Finally , we show that alpha adaptin , a component of adaptor protein AP 2 , coprecipitates with short PRLR complexes upon PRL stimulation , which strongly suggests that PRLR internalization is mediated by the clathrin coated pits endocytotic pathway . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We examined the specific cell types in normal human pituitaries that expressed PRL receptor ( PRL R ) messenger ribonucleic acid ( mRNA ) by combined in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry . ^^^ The distribution of PRL R mRNA in 28 pituitary adenomas was examined by in situ hybridization and reverse transcription PCR in 12 cases of adenomas . ^^^ In another set of experiments , 34 PRL adenomas from men , women , and bromocriptine treated patients were analyzed for PRL R by in situ hybridization . ^^^ In the normal pituitary , PRL and LH producing cells had significantly more mean grain counts per cell and higher percentages of cells positive for PRL R than GH and TSH cells . ^^^ PRL R mRNA was present in all groups of adenomas by in situ hybridization and reverse transcription PCR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we have developed several Chinese Hamster ovary ( CHO ) cell clones stably expressing various deletion mutant forms of the rabbit prolactin receptor ( rbPRL R ) to better define the domains of the receptor involved in JAK 2 kinase interaction , STAT 5 activation , and to assess the role of tyrosine phosphorylation of the PRL R in signal transduction . ^^^ The absence of tyrosine phosphorylation of this C terminal rbPRL R mutant upon PRL stimulation indicated that the phosphorylation of the PRL R normally occured in the last 141 animo acids ( aa ) containing three tyrosines and was not absolutely necessary for induction of these early events in PRL signal transduction . ^^^ Transfectant cell lines expressing wild type ( WT ) PRL R and this C terminal mutant form were able to induce CAT activity upon PRL stimulation when transiently transfected with the ovine beta lactoglobulin promoter , containing STAT 5 recognition sites , fused to the CAT reporter gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The purpose of this research was to examine the hormonal regulation of the PRL receptor ( PRL R ) gene expression in the mammary gland of early pregnant mouse . ^^^ Following reverse transcription , the quantity of PRL R mRNA was determined by the competitive polymerase chain reaction . ^^^ The level of long form PRL R ( PRL RL ) mRNA changed cyclically with the highest at estrus and the lowest at diestrus 2 . ^^^ The level of PRL R mRNA increased more than 2 and 2 . 7 fold with 17 beta estradiol and PRL , respectively , and the progesterone concentration decreased its levels to 71 % of the vehicle injected control . ^^^ The short form of PRL R remained at low levels throughout the experiments . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We studied the effects of hormones on expression of prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) mRNA in pancreatic islets of adult female mice in vitro . ^^^ PRL ( 1 microgram / ml ) significantly increased the insulin secretion and the amount of PRL R mRNA relative to that of beta actin mRNA . ^^^ Growth hormone ( 1 microgram / ml ) also increased the relative amount of PRL R mRNA , although it did not significantly increase the insulin secretion . ^^^ Neither insulin secretion nor the relative amount of PRL R mRNA was affected by estradiol ( 100 ng / ml ) . ^^^ The ratio of the short form to the long form of PRL R mRNA was not altered by these hormones . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we show that P250L and 4PA ( 1 ) inhibit PRL induced transactivation of a luciferase reporter governed by a beta caseine gene promoter ; ( 2 ) decrease in JAK 2 tyrosine kinase activity in biotinylated PRL precipitates ; ( 3 ) impair the interaction between PRLR and JAK 2 , as evidenced by lack of co immunoprecipitation , ( 4 ) and prevent the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription ( Stat ) as determined by absence of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The pituitary hormone prolactin ( prl ) is implicated in a number of biological functions , especially lactation , which is mediated through specific lactogenic receptors ( PrlR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunoprecipition and western blot analysis indicate that PRL R associates with JAK 2 and Stat 5 , and this association is increased within 30 seconds with PRL treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to a long form of 591 amino acids ( aa ) , two other forms of PRL receptor ( PRLR ) , differing in the length of their cytoplasmic domains , have been identified in the rat . ^^^ The ability of PRL to activate the promoter of the beta casein gene or the lactogenic hormone responsive element fused to the luciferase reporter was assessed in Chinese hamster ovary cells or 293 fibroblasts transiently transfected with PRLR cDNAs . ^^^ This approach has allowed us to show that delta 19 , lacking expression at the plasma membrane , can transduce the hormonal message , at least to a limited extent ( up to 30 % of wild type efficiency ) , providing that association / activation occurs with a PRL PRLR complex initiated at the cell surface level ; box 1 of the cytoplasmic form is necessary to rescue this partial transcriptional activity of the inactive mutant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Nb 2 PRL receptor ( PRL R ) is known to mediate PRL signaling to the interferon ( IFN ) regulatory factor 1 ( IRF 1 ) gene via the family of signal transducers and activators of transcription or Stats . ^^^ To analyze the components of the PRL R / Stat / IRF 1 signaling pathway , various PRL R , Stat , and IRF 1 CAT reporter constructs were transiently cotransfected into COS cells . ^^^ Next , pairwise alanine substitutions into conserved residues in the proline rich motif or Box 1 region and two tyrosine mutations , Y308F and Y382F , in the PRL R intracellular domain all impaired PRL signaling to multimerized GAS or to the 1 . 7 kb IRF 1 promoter . ^^^ Furthermore , these PRL R mutants mediated reduced Stat 1 binding to the IRF 1 GAS . ^^^ These studies show that both membrane proximal and distal residues of the PRL R are involved in signaling to the IRF 1 gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The PRL receptor ( PRLR ) is a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily . ^^^ Interestingly , the coexpression of both forms of PRLR resulted in a block of PRL signal to the milk protein gene promoter as a function of the concentration of the SPRLR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , expression of the prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) gene in the ovaries of cycling and pregnant red deer ( Cervus elaphus ) hinds was investigated . ^^^ A 1 . 9 kilobase ( kb ) cDNA encoding the cervine long form PRL R was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction from corpus luteum ( CL ) and liver poly ( A ) + RNA . ^^^ PRL R mRNA transcripts were localized by in situ hybridization in 15 micron frozen sections of red deer ovaries , collected during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy , with homologous 45 mer [ 35S ] dATP labeled sense and antisense oligonucleotide probes . ^^^ PRL R mRNA expression was higher ( p < 0 . 001 ) in the CL ( OD = 22 . 2 + / 3 . 77 , n = 11 CL ) than in follicles ( OD = 2 . 8 + / 0 . 10 , n = 224 follicles ) and was undetectable in the stroma ( OD < 1 , limit of detection ) . ^^^ No differences in abundance of PRL R mRNA were observed between follicles divided on the basis of size , health vs . atresia , or stage of estrous cycle or pregnancy , or between CL from pregnant and nonpregnant hinds . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The rat prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) exists in two forms , which differ in the length of the cytoplasmic domains , tissue distribution , and biological activity . ^^^ Western blots of solubilized mammary gland and liver membranes immunoprecipitated with anti PRL R or anti JAK 2 antibodies showed that the PRL R is constitutively associated with JAK 2 and that the long form of the PRL R is present in both tissues , while the short form was detected only in liver . ^^^ Phosphorylated proteins corresponding to the long form of PRL R and JAK 2 appeared 15 60 min after ovine PRL injection in mammary extracts but not in liver . ^^^ Quantitative RT PCR of liver and mammary PRL R mRNA showed that the amount of the long form of PRL R mRNA is roughly comparable in both tissues , while the short form is predominant in liver and in a minority in mammary tissue . ^^^ Thus , during lactogenesis , mammary tissue responds to PRL by activation of JAK 2 and STAT 5 , while the liver does not respond to PRL in spite of the presence of PRL R associated with JAK 2 and pre existing activated STAT 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present work has investigated the possibility that gp 52 induced changes in the PRL receptor ( PRLR ) were responsible for this phenomenon . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two forms of the PRL receptor ( PRL R ) , designated as long ( PRL RL ) and short ( PRL RS ) , have been described in rat tissues . ^^^ Immunoblotting of luteal proteins from early and late pregnancy was also performed to determine if the pattern of PRL R proteins follows that of PRL R messenger RNA ( mRNA ) expression . ^^^ In addition , the correlation between the well characterized PRL regulated gene , 20alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ( 20alpha HSD ) , and PRL R gene expression was investigated during the time of luteolysis . ^^^ Whereas no changes in mRNA level of either PRL RL or PRL RS were found until day 20 of gestation , a profound decline in PRL R mRNA and protein for both receptor types occurred at the end of pregnancy . ^^^ This drop in PRL R expression was accompanied by a sharp and abrupt expression of 20alpha HSD mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the initial IVF with the long protocol , the mean concentration of serum PRL during hMG administration and the expression of PRL receptor ( PRLr ) messenger ribonucleic acid ( mRNA ) in granulosa cells were significantly higher in nonpregnant patients than in pregnant ones . ^^^ We hypothesize that in the nonpregnant patients using the long protocol , the serum PRL concentration and PRLr mRNA expression are increased to compensate for poor postreceptor responsiveness of granulosa cells to PRL during oocyte maturation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Visualization of gene expression of prolactin receptors ( PRL R ) by in situ hybridization , in Typhlonectes compressicaudus , a gymnophionan amphibian . ^^^ The expression of the short and long forms of prolactin receptors ( PRL R ) mRNA was studied in various types of tissue from Typhlonectes compressicaudus , an amphibian , by quantitative in situ hybridization . ^^^ In the liver , small intestine and hypophysis , the mRNA coding for the short form of PRL R was more strongly expressed than the mRNA coding for the long form and vice versa for the stomach , spleen and kidneys . ^^^ In the kidney and small intestine , the presence of PRL R was correlated with the hydromineral function . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to determine if a correlation exists between lymphocyte responsiveness to prolactin and levels of cell surface prolactin receptors ( PRL R ) expression , the percentage of splenocytes and each splenocyte subpopulation expressing surface PRL R from rats of various hormonal states ( OVX , oestradiol injected OVX , oestrus and male ) was analysed by single colour and dual colour flow cytometric analysis . ^^^ We found that approximately 20 % of splenocytes expressed surface PRL R regardless of hormonal states ( n = 16 ) . ^^^ The majority ( 85 % ) of PRL R positive splenocytes were B lymphocytes whereas 11 . 1 % and 4 . 8 % of splenocytes expressing the PRL R were CD 4 positive T helper ( TH ) and CD 8 positive T cytotoxic ( TC ) lymphocytes , respectively . ^^^ This distribution of PRL R expression did not show significant alterations on total splenocytes or TH and TC lymphocytes during various hormonal stages . ^^^ However , the percentage of PRL R positive B lymphocytes increased markedly in OVX rats ( twofold ) , compared to rats at oestrus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The growth regulatory effects of PRL on the human breast are mediated by its receptor ( PRLr ) , a member of the cytokine receptor family . ^^^ To confirm the role of this growth factor receptor complex in normal and malignant breast tissues , the expression of PRL and PRLr was examined in parallel with the estrogen receptor ( ER ) and progesterone receptor ( PR ) . ^^^ Sixty nine cases of primary invasive breast carcinoma were examined for PRL and PRLr expression by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical technique , respectively . ^^^ These data revealed widespread expression of PRL and its receptor in the breast cancers studied ( > 95 % ) and in the normal breast tissues ( > 93 % ) , with no association between the expression of PRL PRLr and ER or PR . ^^^ These results confirm prior data indicating the presence of an autocrine / paracrine loop for the PRL PRLr complex within human breast tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since human growth hormone gene can activate both the growth hormone receptor ( GHR ) and the prolactin ( PRL ) receptor ( PRLR ) , it is not clear which receptor system is responsible for the malignant transformation . ^^^ To clarify the receptor specificity , we created transgenic mice with two different genes : ( a ) transgenic mice overexpressing the bovine growth hormone ( bGH ) gene having high levels of bGH only activating the GHR and also high serum levels of IGF 1 ; and ( b ) transgenic mice overexpressing the rat PRL ( rPRL ) gene that have elevated levels of PRL ( one line 150 ng / ml and one line 13 ng / ml ) only binding to the PRLR and with normal IGF 1 levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One of the limitations is the difficulty of accurately measuring PRL receptors ( PRLR ) in human tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PRL receptor ( PRL R ) activation by PRL triggers a cascade of intracellular events including homodimerization of the receptor , activation of cytoplasmic receptor associated tyrosine kinase and tyrosine phosphorylation of various signal transducers . ^^^ In CHO cells , transfected with the long form of PRL R , an increase in [ Ca2+ ] 1 was observed following PRL stimulation whereas Ca2+ is generally coupled with the phosphoinositide metabolism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) is a member of the cytokine / growth hormone / PRL receptor superfamily . ^^^ We have found that in HC 11 cells , Stat 5 is specifically activated by PRL treatment , demonstrating that Stat 5 is a physiological substrate downstream of PRLR . ^^^ Prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) is a member of the cytokine / growth hormone / PRL receptor superfamily . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Probably the effects of PRL on cells of the immune system depend on the level and specific forms of PRL R present on the target cells . ^^^ Therefore , PRL R expression at both protein and mRNA levels was examined during oestrous cycle , pregnancy and lactation using Western blotting and PCR analysis . ^^^ Antibody to the long form of PRL R detected 84 and 42 kDa protein bands in the spleen but only 84 kDa band in the thymus . ^^^ The expression pattern of these two protein bands was different in the spleen , suggesting that these two isoforms of PRL R long form are differentially regulated by the hormones of oestrous cycle . ^^^ In addition , depending on the tissue , the level of mRNA for the short and long forms of PRL R showed a significant change at different stages of oestrous cycle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the site of action of PRL , immunohistochemistry was conducted to localize the PRL receptor ( PRL R ) . ^^^ In addition , ribonucleic acid was extracted and reverse transcriptase PCR for PRL R was conducted . ^^^ PRL R protein was immunolocalized to the glandular epithelium and a subset of stromal cells from the mid to late secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and in early decidua . ^^^ PRL R transcripts were also detected from the late secretory phase and first trimester decidua . ^^^ PRL R expression in the glandular epithelium is consistent with a role in regulating glandular activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The intracellular domain of the prolactin ( PRL ) receptor ( PRLr ) is required for PRL induced signaling and proliferation . ^^^ These data demonstrate that the tyrosine residues at 309 and 382 , as well as additional residues within the C terminus of the dimerized PRLr complex , contribute to PRL driven signaling and proliferation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because the PRL receptor ( PRLR ) activates several signals also activated by the T cell antigen receptor ( TCR ) / CD3 complex , we evaluated whether signaling `` cross talk ' ' occurs between these distinct receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The functional importance of the three oligosaccharide chains linked to Asn 35 , Asn 80 and Asn 108 , of the long form of the PRL receptor ( PRLR ) was investigated by individual or multiple substitutions of asparagyl residues using site directed mutagenesis and transient transfection of these mutated forms of PRLR in monkey kidney cells , Chinese hamster ovary , and human 293 fibroblast cells that exhibit different levels of protein expression . ^^^ Scatchard analysis performed on monkey kidney cells revealed that the mutants possess the same affinity for PRL as compared with wild type PRLR . ^^^ Upon PRL stimulation , the aglycosylated PRLR associated with Janus kinase 2 was phosphorylated and was able to activate a beta casein gene promoter in transfected 293 fibroblast cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although there is extensive evidence for effects of prolactin ( PRL ) on the brain , knowledge about the PRL receptor ( PRL R ) in the brain is limited . ^^^ By using monoclonal antibodies raised against purified rat liver PRL R , the distribution of PRL R was investigated by immunohistochemistry in brains of the estrogen treated ovariectomized ( OVX+E ) rat and the adult male rat . ^^^ In addition , there was extensive PRL R immunoreactivity throughout the globus pallidus and ventral pallidum . ^^^ The implication of PRL R existence in these brain regions remains to be investigated . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Developmental expression and localization of the prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) gene in ewe mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation : estimation of the ratio of the two forms of PRL R messenger ribonucleic acid . ^^^ In this study , we have analyzed the developmental expression of the prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) gene in the ewe mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation . ^^^ Using Northern and slot blot analysis and in situ hybridization , we showed that the level of PRL R mRNA in mammary epithelial cells increased during the second half of pregnancy , decreased at the end of pregnancy , and remained relatively stable during lactation with a level above that observed at the beginning of pregnancy . ^^^ As shown by RNase protection assay , the ratio of the long to the short form of the PRL R mRNA was always above 1 . ^^^ The high level of PRL R mRNA before the induction of alphaS 1 casein gene expression suggests that PRL may be involved in the growth and development of the mammary gland . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The PRLR knockout mouse model should be an interesting system by which to look for effects activated only by PRL or other lactogenic hormones . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptors ( PRL R ) are widely expressed on cells of the immune system . ^^^ Specific PRL binding sites and the expressions of both PRL R L and PRL R S forms in thymus and spleen of nulliparous control , 10 day postpartum lactating , and 10 day postpartum nonlactating rats were studied . ^^^ A semi quantitative RT PCR technique was used to detect the PRL R gene transcript in the tissues . ^^^ Our results showed that specific PRL binding sites and PRL R L mRNA and PRL R S mRNA were present in the lymphoid tissues with the PRL R L mRNA predominant . ^^^ Lactation markedly increased specific binding sites and PRL R L mRNA in both spleen and thymus and only PRL R S in spleen . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) has recently been identified in various hypothalamic nuclei of female rats . ^^^ In this study , expression of both the short and long forms of PRL R mRNA was investigated in 11 microdissected hypothalamic nuclei of ovariectomized , estrogen treated rats . ^^^ Total RNA was extracted from the punched tissue , and the two forms of PRL R mRNA were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) using specific primers . ^^^ The results showed that both forms of PRL R mRNA were expressed to varying degrees in the choroid plexus , cerebral cortex and various hypothalamic nuclei , including : ventromedial preoptic nucleus , ventrolateral preoptic nucleus , medial preoptic nucleus , suprachiasmatic nucleus , supraoptic nucleus , paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus , periventricular hypothalamic nucleus , arcuate nucleus , ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus , and median eminence . ^^^ The choroid plexus , supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus had higher levels of the short form of the PRL R mRNA than the long form , whilst other hypothalamic nuclei preferentially expressed the long form of the PRL R mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To identify the expression of the prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) mRNA in human endometrial stromal and glandular epithelial cells in order to ascertain the autocrine / paracrine actions of PRL and to determine the effect of steroid hormones and growth factor on PRL R mRNA during decidualization . ^^^ The effects of estrogen , insulin like growth factor ( IGF ) 1 , and PRL on PRL R mRNA were also studied . ^^^ RESULTS : Both types of endometrial cells expressed PRL R mRNA . ^^^ Progesterone or MPA stimulated the PRL R mRNA expression two to greater than ten fold in the stromal cells of eight endometrial specimens . ^^^ A high level of PRL R mRNA was maintained in stromal cells beyond 10 days ' incubation with progestin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also show that PRL was able to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of both IRS 1 and IRS 2 in COS cells transiently transfected with PRLR and in CHO PRLR cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mammary PRL R were increased in HT 1 rats , while E R and Pg R were significantly lower in both HT groups . ^^^ HT0 . 25 and HT 1 rats had increased uterine E R and Pg R and decreased liver PRL R and GH R as well as their mRNAs . ^^^ Liver E R , PRL R and GH R were decreased in C 21 rats , while uterine Pg R were increased . ^^^ Thus , some of the observed changes ( serum Pg and GH , mammary and uterine Pg R , and liver GH R and PRL R decreases and serum PRL increase ) may be due at least partially to the advancement in luteolysis and delivery , being similar to the changes observed between days 20 and 21 . ^^^ The changes in serum B , mammary PRL R , and mammary and uterine E R may be caused solely by the T 4 treatments and may play a role in the alterations previously observed . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ovarian steroids differentially regulate the expression of PRL R in neuroendocrine dopaminergic neuron populations : a double label confocal microscopic study . ^^^ The aims of this study were ( 1 ) to identify the possible hypothalamic targets for a short prolactin ( PRL ) feedback in the adult female rat by identifying DAergic neuron populations expressing PRL receptor ( PRL R ) ; ( 2 ) to describe the effect of ovarian steroids on the expression of PRL R and ( 3 ) to compare the distribution of both the extracellular ( EC ) and ligand binding ( LB ) domains of the PRL R on the hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons by applying double label immunocytochemistry for the different domains of PRL R and for tyrosine hydroxylase ( TH ) . ^^^ These data indicate that ( 1 ) all neuroendocrine DAergic cells can be targets for PRL , ( 2 ) expression of PRL R is differentially affected by ovarian steroids in the different TH cell populations , ( 3 ) PRL RLB domain may be involved in trafficking PRL in the median eminence . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have studied pup directed maternal behavior in mice carrying a germ line null mutation of the PRL receptor ( PRLR ) gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The data presented here explores the fluctuations in plasma membrane PRL receptor ( PRLR ) number that occur in the Nb 2 cells during the course of a 24 h cell cycle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we compared the PRLR expression in normal and tumorous adrenal tissues and investigated a potential proliferative effect of PRL in adrenal cells . mRNA expression of long and intermediate forms of PRLR was detected in both normal adrenal cortex as well as benign and malignant adrenal tumors and in the human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line NCI H 295 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of this study is to further characterize the prolactin receptors ( PRL R ) previously reported in the murine Leydig tumor MA 10 cell line , as well as to study their homologous and heterologous regulation . ^^^ Two forms of PRL R , a high and a low molecular weight form , were revealed by studies of covalent crosslinking of 125I human GH to cultured MA 10 cells or cell membranes and immunoprecipitation of the solubilized PRL R complexes with polyclonal anti PRL R antibody , followed by SDS PAGE and autoradiography . ^^^ The same size forms of PRL R were detected by crosslinking studies in the parental C57BL / 6 mouse testicular Leydig cells , indicating the physiological relevance of the MA 10 cell model to the study of Leydig cell PRL R . ^^^ Homologous down regulation of PRL R was demonstrated in cultured MA 10 cells exposed for 24 h to increasing concentrations of PRL . ^^^ In contrast , heterologous , 3 5 fold up regulation of PRL R was induced by various cAMP elevating agents , including 8 bromo cAMP ( 10 ( 4 ) 10 ( 3 ) M ) , dibutyryl cAMP ( 3 10 10 ( 3 ) M ) and cholera toxin ( 1 10 ng / ml ) , although not by hCG ( up to 100 ng / ml ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This article focuses on the signalling pathways emanating from the PRL receptor ( PRL R ) and GH receptor ( GH R ) , and the expression of PRL inducible target genes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we investigated the expression of PRL receptor ( PRL R ) messenger RNA ( mRNA ) in the sheep pituitary and the distribution of the translated product in specific pituitary cell types . ^^^ Using primers designed to flank different regions of the extracellular and cytoplasmic domains of the PRL R , two complementary DNA ( cDNA ) fragments , one of which was specific for the long form PRL R , were amplified by reverse transcriptase PCR . ^^^ Sequencing revealed more than 95 % identity with nucleotides 267 1272 of the bovine PRL R cDNA . ^^^ When these cDNA fragments were used as probes for the detection of PRL R mRNA expression by Northern analysis , three major transcripts of approximately 13 , 10 , and 3 . 5 kb were identified in the pituitary . ^^^ Both probes detected identical transcripts , suggesting that primarily the long form of PRL R is expressed in the sheep pituitary gland . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although dopamine agonists allow one to study the target tissue effects of pituitary PRL , other agents , such as PRL receptor ( PRLR ) antagonists , are needed to analyze autocrine / paracrine loops . ^^^ In the final section , results with a very potent PRL antagonist further one theme of the article , which is whether the simple receptor dimerization model explains all signal transduction following PRLR binding . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Parental 32Dcl3 cells proliferated only in the presence of exogenous murine IL 3 ( mIL 3 ) , while 32Dcl3 cells transfected with the long form of the human PRLR were able to proliferate in response to mIL 3 , ovine prolactin , or human PRL . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have investigated the separate actions of hypothalamo pituitary disconnection ( HPD ) , with or without cortisol administration , and changes in the external photoperiod on the regulation of the levels of messenger RNA ( mRNA ) encoding long ( PRLR 1 ) and short ( PRLR 2 ) forms of PRL receptor in the liver of the fetal lamb . ^^^ The mean plasma PRL concentration in the LL group ( 70 + / 9 ng / ml ) was higher ( P < 0 . 05 ) than that in the SL group ( 34 + / 15 ng / ml ) , whereas the levels of hepatic PRLR 1 mRNA ( LL group , 4 . 6 + / 0 . 9 ; SL group , 4 . 3 + / 0 . 8 ) and PRLR 2 mRNA ( LL group , 3 . 4 + / 0 . 4 ; SL group , 3 . 0 + / 0 . 5 ) at 140 141 d were not different . ^^^ In contrast , changes in the external photoperiod and circulating PRL concentrations in the sheep fetus do not directly alter PRLR expression in the fetal liver . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Additional studies here assessed the levels of TCR expression following PRLR stimulation and the effect of TCR activation on PRL stimulated proliferation in lactogen dependent pre T Nb 2 11 lymphoma cells . ^^^ ZAP 70 was also found to associate constitutively with the PRLR ; PRL stimulation provoked the transient recruitment of Vav to the complex . ^^^ These observations suggest that PRL signaling reflects the transient formation of a PRLR ZAP 70 Vav complex and its immunomodulatory actions involve diverse interactions that affect TCR expression and signaling mechanisms . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A reporter gene construct , PRE 3 CAT , which manifests PRL responsiveness through a Stat 5 binding site ( PRE ) , was induced by PRL in CHO cells expressing the PRL R . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of the prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) gene is increased in pancreatic islets during pregnancy and in vitro in insulin producing cells by growth hormone ( GH ) and prolactin ( PRL ) . ^^^ We show by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis that both exon 1A and exon 1C containing PRLR transcripts are expressed in rat islets and that human ( h ) GH , ovine ( o ) PRL , and bovine ( b ) GH increase exon 1A expression 6 . 5 + / 0 . 8 fold , 6 . 8 + / 0 . 7 fold , and 3 . 9 + / 0 . 7 fold and exon 1C expression 4 . 8 + / 0 . 4 fold , 4 . 4 + / 0 . 6 fold , and 2 . 5 + / 0 . 7 fold , respectively . ^^^ Our results suggest that GH and PRL increase the levels of exon 1A and 1C containing PRLR mRNA species and furthermore that the transcriptional activity of the 1A promoter is increased via activation of STAT5a and STAT5b . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , the protein and mRNA expression of the short and long forms of Prolactin ( PRL ) receptors ( PRL R ) were examined by means of Northern and Western blotting analyses in rat testicular Sertoli cells . ^^^ Transcripts for the short and long forms of PRL R were detected with specific probes , five major mRNA species of about 1 . 9 , 2 . 6 , 3 . 0 , 3 . 7 and 5 kb for the short form and two of about 10 and 1 . 3 kb for the long form . ^^^ Finally , the expression of the long form of PRL R was shown to be hormonally regulated as it was inhibited by follicle stimulating hormone ( FSH ) ( ED 50 = 5 ng / ml ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Wild type and all mutants had rat PRL receptor ( PRL R ) binding activity in radioreceptor assays and stimulated JAK 2 phosphorylation in Nb 2 cells . ^^^ Interestingly however , the binding activity to PRL R and phosphorylation of JAK 2 was similar in the wild type and mutants , and these results are not in accord with the biological activity . ^^^ The ability of PL Im to bind PRL R and activate JAK 2 appears to be independent of the N glycosylation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Taken together , these results show that immune system development and function proceed normally in the absence of PRL mediated signaling and suggest that PRLR pathways are not essential for immunomodulation in vivo . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have studied the hormonal requirements for the sustained production of PRL and its receptor ( PRL R ) in a long term primary cell culture system . ^^^ That biological functions of PRL and its receptor are critical to implantation and the maintenance of pregnancy is suggested by the impaired fertility of PRL and PRL R knockout mice . ^^^ This dual action indicates an autocrine action of PRL R mediated signaling transduction pathways during reproductive cycles and pregnancy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study investigated expression of prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) mRNA in selected hypothalamic nuclei of lactating rats ( days 7 10 post partum ) compared with dioestrous rats . ^^^ Expression of both short and long forms of PRL R mRNA were evaluated by reverse transcription PCR and Southern hybridisation . ^^^ The short form of PRL R mRNA was undetectable in the SO , Pa , VMH of dioestrous rats but was expressed at a significant level in lactating rats . ^^^ In the Arc , levels of both forms of PRL R mRNA tended to increase in lactating rats compared with dioestrous rats but changes were not statistically significant . ^^^ Neither form of PRL R mRNA was detectable in the ME in the two animal models . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These effects are mediated by the PRL receptor ( PRLr ) ; when stimulated the PRL PRLr complex activates several signaling cascades , including those involving the GTP binding proteins Ras and Rac . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A primary mechanism coupled to PRL receptor ( PRLR ) activation in Nb 2 cells involves phosphorylation by Jak family tyrosine kinases of one or more signal transducers and activators of transcription ( Stat ) factors which subsequently bind to gamma interferon activation sequences ( GAS ) within promoter regions of target genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Knowledge about the distribution of PRL receptors ( PRL R ) in the brain will be critical for investigating mechanisms of PRL brain interactions during lactation . ^^^ The present study aimed to investigate the distribution of PRL R in specific hypothalamic nuclei of lactating rats by immunohistochemistry and to compare this distribution with that in dioestrous rats . ^^^ In dioestrous rats , PRL R immunoreactivity was observed in the choroid plexus , three hypothalamic nuclei : medial preoptic , periventricular and arcuate , and in the median eminence . ^^^ Furthermore , in lactating rats , PRL R immunoreactive neurons were identified in the cerebral cortex , substantia nigra and numerous additional hypothalamic nuclei including the ventromedial preoptic , ventrolateral preoptic , lateroanterior hypothalamic , ventrolateral hypothalamic , paraventricular hypothalamic , supraoptic , suprachiasmatic , and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study further examined the ability of PLP B to bind to rat receptors for growth hormone ( GH R ) and prolactin ( PRL R ) . ^^^ In competitive binding assays with [ 125I ] hGH , neither native nor recombinant PLP B preparations showed significant high affinity binding to the transfected rat GH R or PRL R . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We chose as an experimental model the interleukin ( IL ) 3 dependent BaF 3 pro B cell line , which was transfected with the rat long form of the PRL receptor ( PRL R ) and transferred from IL 3 to PRL enriched media . ^^^ When stimulated with PRL , the PRL R transfectants underwent some changes characteristic of B cell differentiation : ( a ) IL 2R alpha chain became positively controlled by PRL ; ( b ) antiapoptotic Bcl 2 protein was induced by PRL in a dose dependent manner ; and ( c ) transcription of the pre B cell receptor encoding the lambda 5 gene was strongly up regulated . ^^^ We attempted to evaluate the differentiation promoting activity of PRL in more physiological conditions , and the presence of PRL R in bone marrow B cell precursors was revealed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To elucidate the role of prolactin ( PRL ) produced in joints as part of the pathological response of rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) , we studied PRL production and prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) expression in RA synovium and its effects on RA synovial cell functions . ^^^ Expression of PRLR by RA synovial cells and local production of PRL were estimated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Scatchard analysis of the intermediate PRLr revealed an affinity for PRL comparable with the long PRLr . ^^^ While Ba / F3 transfectants expressing the long PRLr proliferated in response to PRL , intermediate PRLr transfectants exhibited modest incorporation of [ ( 3 ) H ] thymidine . ^^^ Significantly , however , both the long and intermediate PRLr were equivalent in their inhibition of apoptosis of the Ba / F3 transfectants after PRL treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NHL cells were analyzed for : 1 . expression of the PRL receptor ( PRL R ) ; 2 . responsiveness to nPRL or rPRL ; 3 . constitutive expression and release of PRL ; 4 . existence of a PRL autocrine loop . ^^^ PRL R , defined by multiple antibodies , was detected in 3 of 12 NHL cell lines . ^^^ However , nPRL or rPRL , in a wide range of concentrations ( 0 . 75 50 ng / ml ) , were not mitogenic for growth arrested , PRL R positive NHL cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The initial step of PRL action is the binding to a specific membrane receptor , the PRLR , which belongs to the class 1 cytokine receptor superfamily . ^^^ Disruption of the PRLR gene has provided a new mouse model with which to identify actions directly associated with PRL or any other PRLR ligands , such as placental lactogens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine when specific components of this cascade are expressed and can be activated by PRL , we analyzed the expression of receptor subtypes ( short , PRL R ( s ) , and long , PRL R ( L ) ) , the presence and kinetics of Stat ( signal transducer and activator of transcription ) activation using the PRL response element ( PRL RE ) of the alpha2M ( alpha 2 macroglobulin ) gene , and the content and hormonal regulation of three specific modulators of cytokine signaling ; the tyrosine phosphatases ( SHP 1 and SHP 2 ) , and the protein inhibitor of activated Stat 3 ( PIAS 3 ) . ^^^ Levels of PRL R mRNAs increased as granulosa cells differentiated and reached maximal levels in luteal cells of pregnant rats where levels of PRL R ( s ) approached those of PRL R ( L ) . ^^^ The relative concentrations shifted from a 27 fold excess of PRL R ( L ) in preovulatory granulosa cells to a 3 . 7 fold difference in luteal cells during midgestation . ^^^ Despite the increased PRL R ( L ) expression in differentiated granulosa cells , PRL did not stimulate detectable activation of Stats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interaction of prolactin ( PRL ) with its receptor ( PRLR ) leads to activation of Jak and Src family tyrosine kinases . ^^^ PRL addition to chicken embryo fibroblasts ( CEF ) expressing the rat PRLR long form resulted in activation of c Src and Jak 2 and in tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor . ^^^ Receptor phosphorylation was due to associated Jak 2 , since in cells expressing either a Box 1 mutated PRLR ( PRLR ( 4P A ) ) , which is unable to interact with Jak 2 , or a kinase domain deleted Jak 2 ( Jak2Deltak ) , PRL did not stimulate receptor phosphorylation . ^^^ Interestingly , addition of PRL to cells expressing PRLR ( 4P A ) resulted in an activation of c Src equivalent to that observed with the wild type receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Anandamide and 2 arachidonoylglycerol ( 2 AG ) , two endogenous ligands of the CB 1 and CB 2 cannabinoid receptor subtypes , inhibit the proliferation of PRL responsive human breast cancer cells ( HBCCs ) through down regulation of the long form of the PRL receptor ( PRLr ) . ^^^ Here we report that 1 ) anandamide and 2 AG inhibit the nerve growth factor ( NGF ) induced proliferation of HBCCs through suppression of the levels of NGF Trk receptors ; 2 ) inhibition of PRLr levels results in inhibition of the proliferation of other PRL responsive cells , the prostate cancer DU 145 cell line ; and 3 ) CB 1 like cannabinoid receptors are expressed in HBCCs and DU 145 cells and mediate the inhibition of cell proliferation and Trk / PRLr expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The objectives of this study were to : ( 1 ) clone and sequence a substantial fragment of the extracellular portion of the luteinizing hormone receptor ( LHr : 646 bp ) and follicle stimulating hormone receptor ( FSHr : 852 bp ) , and the extracellular / transmembrane portion of the prolactin receptor ( PRLr : 680 bp ) in the bear using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) ; and ( 2 ) determine whether the expression of LH , FSH , and PRL receptor mRNA transcripts differs between the beginning and terminal stages of testicular recrudescence . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study investigated expression of prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) mRNA in the preoptic area in midlactating rats compared with diestrous rats . ^^^ After total RNA was extracted , the two forms of PRL R mRNA were evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Southern hybridization . ^^^ The results showed that levels of long form PRL R mRNA in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus and lateroanterior nucleus in lactating rats were significantly higher ( p < 0 . 05 ) than in diestrous rats . ^^^ The increased expression of both forms of PRL R mRNA helps explain numerous effects of PRL on brain functions during lactation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The PRL receptor ( PRL R ) signals through the Janus tyrosine kinases ( JAK ) and other non JAK tyrosine kinases , some of which are preassociated with the PRL R . ^^^ To clone PRL R interacting proteins , the intracellular domain ( ICD ) of the long form of the PRL R was used in a yeast two hybrid screen of a human B cell cDNA library . ^^^ One PRL R interacting protein was identified as the 42 kDa form of the enzyme 2 ' , 5 ' oligoadenylate synthetase ( OAS ) . ^^^ These results demonstrate a novel interaction of OAS with the PRL R and suggest a role for OAS in modulating Stat 1 mediated signaling to an immediate early gene promoter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using various PRL R mutants of the cytoplasmic domain we found , that the membrane proximal domain is necessary for PRL induced MAPK activation and that the C terminal part of the receptor exerts a negative regulatory role . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PRL , PRL receptors ( PRL R ) , and S100A6 protein were detected by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ PRL R was distributed only in ductal epithelial cells in which S100A6 protein ( a PRL R associated protein ) was also present . ^^^ PRL , PRL R , or S100A6 immunoreactivity was not detected in infiltrating mononuclear cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tumoral prolactin receptors ( PRLR ) were estimated by ligand binding assay ; the expression of PRL mRNA and PRLR mRNA were carried out by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) . ^^^ The action of PRL is mediated by PRLR , and it was observed that the PRLR positivity by ligand binding assay was 33 % . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PRL receptor ( PRLR ) signal transduction supports PRL induced growth / differentiation processes . ^^^ Using PRLR mutants and the PRLR short form , we have found that both homodimerization of PRLR wild type and the integrity of box 1 and C distal tyrosine of PRLR intracellular domain are needed in PRL induced proliferation and AP 1 activation . ^^^ These data support a regulation of cellular growth by PRL PRLR system by increasing AP 1 transcriptional complex activity via JNK activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PRL and its homologs accomplish their biological effects through the PRL receptor ( PRLR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These studies determined temporal and spatial alterations in PRL receptor ( PRL R ) and expression of uterine milk proteins ( UTMP ) , a marker of endometrial secretory activity , in the ovine endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy . ^^^ Slot blot hybridization analysis indicated that steady state levels of endometrial PRL R mRNA increased during pregnancy . ^^^ In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses indicated that PRL R mRNA and protein were exclusively expressed in the endometrial glandular epithelium ( GE ) . ^^^ No PRL R mRNA expression was detected in luminal epithelium , stroma , myometrium , or conceptus trophectoderm . ^^^ Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses determined that the endometrial GE expressed both long and short alternative splice forms of the ovine PRL R gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , lack of information on PRL receptor ( PRL R ) gene expression has made the physiological importance of the PRL / PRL R system obscure in amphibian metamorphosis . ^^^ Hence , a Xenopus PRL R cDNA was cloned , its structure was characterized , and specific binding of PRL to Xenopus PRL R expressed in COS 7 cells was confirmed . ^^^ The developmental expression pattern showed that PRL R messenger ribonucleic acid ( mRNA ) was expressed in the brain and tail from premetamorphosis and the level increased toward late metamorphosis , suggesting that PRL may inhibit the metamorphic changes in those organs . ^^^ The level of brain PRL R mRNA reached a peak just at the start of the metamorphic climax stages and then decreased , whereas in the tail , mRNA expression peaked at late metamorphosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Proof of an autocrine / paracrine loop for PRL within normal and malignant human breast tissues requires that the following three criteria be met : ( 1 ) PRL must be synthesized and secreted within mammary tissues ; ( 2 ) the receptor for PRL ( PRLR ) must be present within these tissues ; and , ( 3 ) proliferative responses to autocrine / paracrine PRL must be demonstrated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The goals of this study in the black bear were to determine 1 ) if testicular abundance of LH receptor ( LHr ) , FSH receptor ( FSHr ) , and prolactin receptor ( PRLr ) mRNA changes during recrudescence ; 2 ) if these changes in mRNA abundance are associated with changes in serum LH , PRL , and testosterone ( T ) concentrations ; and 3 ) if the spring increase in serum PRL concentrations is required for testicular recrudescence . ^^^ Serum concentrations of PRL and T increased in March , coincident with the increase in testicular LHr and PRLr mRNA abundance . ^^^ Suppression of serum PRL concentrations during testicular recrudescence 1 ) prevented the increase in testicular LHr and PRLr mRNA abundance observed among control bears in March , 2 ) lowered serum T concentrations in March and April , and 3 ) resulted in reduced testis size in May . ^^^ We conclude that testicular LHr and PRLr mRNA are seasonally regulated , and that PRL has a role in testicular recrudescence in the black bear . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CypB did not alter the affinity of the PRL receptor ( PRLr ) for its ligand , or increase the phosphorylation of PRLr associated Jak 2 or Stat5a . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present report , we describe experiments conducted to evaluate PRL stimulated transcription of pim 1 as well as potential PRLR linked signaling mechanisms leading to promoter activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Uteri were histologically evaluated and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) , estrogen receptor alpha ( ER alpha ) , progesterone receptor ( PR ) , and prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) expression were characterized by in situ hybridization ( ISH ) , immunohistochemistry , or both . ^^^ Using ISH and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) analysis , expression of mRNAs for short and long forms of the ovine PRL R were first detected in nascent GE on PND 7 and increased between PNDs 7 and 56 in proliferating and differentiating GE . ^^^ These results indicate that 1 ) uterine gland genesis is initiated between PNDs 1 and 7 after birth and is essentially completed by PND 56 ; 2 ) neonatal uterine morphogenesis involves temporal and spatial alterations in cell proliferation and ER alpha , PR , and PRL R gene expression ; 3 ) PRL R expression is a unique marker of GE differentiation and proliferation ; and 4 ) serum estradiol 17beta and PRL levels increase during the onset of GE tubular branching morphogenesis . ^^^ Results support the hypothesis that neonatal ovine uterine development involves epithelial PRL R and ER alpha activation to stimulate and maintain endometrial gland genesis and branching morphogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study was designed to examine the possible expression and regulation of the PRL receptor ( PRLR ) in mouse adipose tissue . ^^^ As PRL up regulates its own receptor in some tissues , we analyzed L PRLR expression in PRL transgenic female and male mice . ^^^ In PRL transgenic mice L PRLR expression was significantly increased in both adipose tissue ( 1 . 4 fold in females and 2 . 4 fold in males ) and liver ( 1 . 9 fold in females and 2 . 7 fold in males ) compared with that in control mice . ^^^ Our results suggest a direct role for PRL , mediated by PRLR , in modulating physiological events in adipose tissue . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show here by Western blotting that PRL receptors ( PRL R ) are expressed in normal rat bone marrow and spleen cells . ^^^ We also show that PRL stimulates the phosphorylation of the PRL R associated Janus tyrosine kinase ( JAK ) 2 in rat bone marrow and spleen cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since prolactin suppressed urine excretion , a part of the antidiuretic action of GH may be related to PRL R activation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemical localization of PRL ( IHL PRL ) and PRLR was performed on formalin fixed , paraffin embedded tissue sections . ^^^ A significant positive correlation was noted between IHL PRL and PRLR ( r=0 . 26 , P=0 . 006 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Central infusions of the recombinant human prolactin receptor antagonist , S179D PRL , delay the onset of maternal behavior in steroid primed , nulliparous female rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study aimed to investigate whether increased expression of prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) during lactation is caused by suckling induced hyperprolactinemia or the suckling stimulus itself . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study aims to characterise Prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) in rainbow trout for which no information is available despite the availability of Salmonid PRL preparations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The development of a mouse line deficient in the PRL receptor ( PRLR ) would be an ideal means to better understand the multiple functions of prolactin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We hypothesized that STATs and PRL receptors ( PRLR ) , critical regulators of mammary function , are altered in these animals and may contribute to this phenotype . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The interleukin 3 ( IL 3 ) dependent myeloid progenitor cell line 32Dcl3 was transfected with the long , Nb 2 , and short forms of the rat PRL receptor ( rPRLR ) , as well as the long form of the human PRLR ( hPRLR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although Prl receptor ( PrlR ) null mice are infertile , we were able to maintain pregnancies in a few mice by treatment with progesterone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two clones were found to exhibit dose dependent , doxycycline inducible expression of STAT5Delta749 and suppression of hGH stimulated transcriptional activation of a STAT 5 regulated PRL receptor ( PRLR ) promoter reporter construct . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We present recent information on the molecular characterization of the prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) in two teleost species , tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) and rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) , in the perspective of improved understanding of the physiological differences in the control of osmoregulatory function between these two fish species . ^^^ Although our interest will mainly focus on osmoregulatory organs , we will also discuss evidence of the presence of PRL R in other tissues such as gonads and hematopoietic organs . ^^^ The first fish PRL R was characterized in tilapia . ^^^ This receptor is similar to that of the long form of mammalian PRL R , but the most conserved region ( extracellular domain ) has only 53 % identity with mammalian PRL R . ^^^ A rainbow trout PRL R cDNA has been also isolated and appeared very similar in structure to tilapia PRL R . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To explore the roles of the lactogens in adipose tissue development and function , we measured body weight , abdominal fat content , and plasma leptin concentrations in a unique model of lactogen resistance : the PRL receptor ( PRLR ) deficient mouse . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to investigate the involvement of prolactin in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis , we studied the expression of the prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) and PRL during the development of cirrhosis in an animal model . 30 male rats were exposed to CCl 4 by inhalation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : To investigate any possible role of prolactin in the growth of those tumours we detected the presence of prolactin receptors ( PRL R ) in 22 meningiomas and we correlated these data with PRL serum levels in patients before surgery . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine where PRL could exert its effects within the mammary gland , we investigated the levels of expression and the localization of the PRL receptor ( PRLR ) in the epithelia and stroma of the rat mammary gland at different physiological stages . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since PRL receptor ( PRL R ) activation involves the tyrosine kinase pathway , we check calcium effect in the presence of genistein , a known inhibitor of tyrosine kinases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Stimulation of the PRL receptor ( PRLr ) results in the activation of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor ( GEF ) p95Vav1 with corresponding alterations in cytoarchitecture and cell motility . ^^^ These data would suggest a pivotal function for the formation of a Tec / Vav1 / PRLr complex during PRL driven signal transduction , given the role of Vav 1 in the control of cell proliferation and the regulation of Rho family mediated cytoskeletal alterations . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To explore potential roles for the lactogens in fetal development , we examined the cellular distribution and changes in expression of PRL receptors ( PRLRs ) during ontogeny , and the metabolic effects of PRL signalling and PRLR dysregulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of the hair growth phenotype of PRL gene disrupted mice ( PRLR ( / ) ) revealed a change in the timing of hair cycling events . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study we searched for prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) in porcine ovarian theca tissue ( Tc ) of small , medium and large follicles , as well as in early corpus luteum ( ECL ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In diadromous and euryhaline teleosts , it has been established that prolactin ( PRL ) is a major hormone regulating the maintenance of water and electrolyte homeostasis by acting on its receptor ( PRLR ) expressed in the osmoregulatory organs . ^^^ The present results suggest that PRL may play an important role in the control of water and electrolyte balance through PRLR expressed in the osmoregulatory organs in the marine teleost the Japanese flounder as well as in other teleosts . ^^^ To investigate the major physiological role of PRL in a marine teleost , cDNA for the Japanese flounder ( Paralichtys olivaceus ) prolactin receptor ( fPRLR ) has been cloned and characterized . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : The prolactin ( PRL ) receptor ( PRLR ) utilizes the JAK2 / STAT 5 pathway and induces expression of cytokine inducible SH 2 ( CIS ) / JAK2 binding ( JAB ) signaling inhibitors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This inhibition involves association with the PRL receptor ( PRLR ) , resulting in the inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 ( STAT 5 ) activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To understand the mechanism of PRL signaling in T cells , we have cloned both PRL and its receptor ( PRL R ) , one potent mediator of PRL signaling , Stat5b , and a panel of PRL inducible immediate early genes from T cells . ^^^ In investigating regulatory events along the PRL R / JAK / Stat / IRF 1 signaling pathway , we show that Stat factors can activate as well as inhibit IRF 1 promoter activity and that cross talk between Stat and NFkappaB signaling pathways also regulates IRF 1 promoter activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Within the immune system , multiple isoforms of the human prolactin receptor ( PRLr ) serve to mediate the effects of its ligand ( PRL ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We examined the relationships between the expression of the short and long forms of the prolactin ( PRL ) receptor ( PRLR ) mRNA in the ovary and changes in the levels of serum hormones such as sex steroid hormones and PRL during induction of ovulation in the rat . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We recently reported PRL receptor ( PRLR ) expression in mouse adipocytes and increased levels of PRLR expression in the adipose tissue of lactating and PRL transgenic mice compared with controls . ^^^ Ovine PRL induced CIS mRNA expression and a combination of oPRL and insulin induced SOCS 3 mRNA expression in adipocytes cultured in vitro for 0 240 min , demonstrating PRLR mediated direct effects in these cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ductal branching within the mammary gland is stimulated by prolactin ( PRL ) and progesterone ( P ) acting through their receptors ( PRLR and PR ) . ^^^ These results demonstrate differential PRLR transcription by epithelial and stromal cells and a similar distribution of PRLR and PR that may facilitate the interaction between P and PRL during ductal branching in the mammary gland . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although prolactin and prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) transcripts have been previously identified in the human ovary , the spatial localization of the receptor is unknown . ^^^ To investigate the presence of PRL R within the follicular apparatus , human luteinized granulosa cells were obtained at the time of follicular aspiration from women undergoing ovarian stimulation for IVF . ^^^ RNA extracted from these cells was subjected to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) using specific primers for the PRL R gene . ^^^ In addition , paraffin sections of isolated granulosa cells and sections of premenopausal human ovaries were immunostained with a mouse anti human PRL R monoclonal antibody . ^^^ PRL R were immunolocalized to the cell membrane of isolated luteinized granulosa cells and PRL R transcripts were detected in the extracted RNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , the effects of elevated androgen levels on PRL receptor ( PRLR ) mRNA expression in the adipose tissue were investigated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This hormone acts via its membrane receptor ( PRL R ) to induce cell differentiation or proliferation . ^^^ Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) combined with Southern blot analysis , we detected PRL R transcripts in a human glioma cell line ( U 87 MG ) and in primary cultured human glioblastoma cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All these activities are mediated by the PRL receptor ( PRL R ) , a member of the hematopoietin cytokine receptor superfamily . ^^^ PRL R , one mediator of PRL signaling , signal transducer and activator of transcription ( Stat ) 5b , and a panel of PRL inducible immediate early response genes from T cells . ^^^ In investigating regulatory events along the PRL R / Janus activating kinase ( JAK ) / Stat / IRF 1 signaling pathway , we show that Stat factors can activate as well as inhibit IRF 1 promoter activity and that cross talk between Stat and nuclear factor ( NF ) kappaB signaling pathways also regulates IRF 1 expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Receptors for prolactin ( PRL R ) are expressed in normal leukocytes from rat and man . ^^^ PRL signals through PRL R associated Janus tyrosine kinase ( Jak ) 2 and signal transducers and activators of transcription ( Stat ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A constitutively active PRL receptor ( PRL R ( CA ) ) stimulated both ERalpha and ERbeta promoter activity , indicating that PRL is acting to stimulate ER transcription . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine if PRL plays a role in IEL development , small intestine IEL from rats of various ages were examined for the presence of surface prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) and several lymphoid markers by flow cytometry . ^^^ Between birth and 96 days of age about 80 % of IEL were found to express PRL R . ^^^ Additionally , all of the IEL subpopulations examined were found to express PRL R . ^^^ In summary , the results indicate that IEL express PRL and PRL R . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The PRL receptor ( PrlR ) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a ( Stat5a ) are essential for the proliferation and differentiation of mammary epithelium during pregnancy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To clarify the roles of the lactogens in pancreatic development and function , we measured islet density ( number of islets / cm ( 2 ) ) and mean islet size , beta cell mass , pancreatic insulin mRNA levels , islet insulin content , and the insulin secretory response to glucose in an experimental model of lactogen resistance : the PRL receptor ( PRLR ) deficient mouse . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A novel first exon , E 1 ( 4 ) , whose sequence was distinct from those of the three known first exons , E 1 ( 1 ) , E 1 ( 2 ) , and E 1 ( 3 ) , of the rat PRL receptor ( PRL R ) gene was identified by cDNA cloning for the 5 ' end region of PRL R mRNA expressed in the rat brain . ^^^ E 1 ( 4 ) containing PRL R mRNAs were detected only in the brain by RT PCR and ribonuclease protection assay . ^^^ The longer E 1 ( 4 ) mRNA was expressed as the major PRL R mRNA species in the brain and was greatly increased in pregnant ( d 18 ) and lactating ( d 5 ) rats . ^^^ These results suggest that PRL R gene expression in rat brain is controlled by the promoter for the E 1 ( 4 ) first exon . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report for the first time that SHP 2 physically associates with the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a ( Stat5a ) , an important mediator of PRLR signaling to milk protein gene activation , in the mouse mammary HC 11 and the human breast cancer T47D cells when stimulated with prolactin ( PRL ) and human growth hormone , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , PRL downregulation of alpha 4 expression and / or PRL inducible phosphorylation of alpha 4 may be necessary for PRL receptor ( PRLr ) signalling to the interferon regulatory factor 1 promoter in the Nb 2 cells and , furthermore , implicates cross talk between the mTOR and PRLr signalling cascades during Nb 2 cell mitogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study investigated the localization of PRL receptor ( PRL R ) expression in the human testis and accessory tissues . ^^^ Expression of PRL R was identified in human testis and vas deferens by RT PCR , and further localized by immunohistochemistry to the Leydig cells and differentiating germ cells of the testis ( developmental stages extending from pachytene spermatocytes to elongating spermatids ) . ^^^ Positive staining for PRL R was also clearly evident in the epithelium of vas deferens , epididymis , prostate and seminal vesicles . ^^^ Functional activation of PRL R was demonstrated in fresh samples of vas deferens collected at vasectomy by examination of the JAK / STAT ( Janus kinase / signal transducer and activator of transcription ) and MAP ( mitogen activated protein ) kinase ERK ( extracellular signal regulated kinase ) signalling pathways . ^^^ The demonstration of function and localization of PRL R presented here suggests multiple roles for PRL in the human male reproductive tract . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Females homozygous ( / ) for the null mutation of the PRL receptor ( PRLR ) gene are sterile due to a complete failure of blastocysts to implant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The short and long forms of prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) mRNA have been detected in the female rat brain . ^^^ The present study aimed to investigate : ( 1 ) if the PRL R mRNA is expressed in the male rat brain ; ( 2 ) if expression levels in the female brain vary during the estrous cycle . ^^^ The results showed that both forms of PRL R mRNA were expressed to varying degrees in the choroid plexus ( ChP ) , preoptic area ( POA ) , mediobasal hypothalamus ( MBH ) , cerebral cortex ( CTX ) and pons medulla PON ) in both male and female rats . ^^^ The average amount of both forms of PRL R mRNA in the ChP , POA , MBH of cycling females was significantly higher than in the male rat . ^^^ Among cycling female rats , the expression levels of both forms of PRL R mRNA in the ChP , POA and MBH during proestrous were significantly greater than during diestrous or estrous . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin ( PRL ) dependent signaling occurs as the result of ligand induced homodimerization of the PRL receptor ( PRLr ) . ^^^ The deltaS 1 PRLr was also shown to activate the proximal signaling molecule Jak 2 upon addition of ligand to transfected cells , and , unlike the long PRLr , high concentrations of ligand did not function as a self antagonist to signaling during intervals of PRL serum elevation , i . e . stress and pregnancy . ^^^ Given its apparent widespread expression , this PRLr isoform may contribute to PRL action . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We used Drd 2 ( / ) and Prlr ( / ) mutant mice to bypass this feedback and investigate possible dopamine independent effects of PRL on lactotroph function . ^^^ In vitro , PRL treatment markedly inhibited the proliferation of wild type female and male Drd 2 ( / ) lactotrophs , but had no effect on female Drd 2 ( / ) lactotrophs , suggesting a downregulation or desensitization of PRLR in response to chronic hyperprolactinemia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The heterozygous prolactin ( PRL ) receptor ( PRLR ( + / ) ) mouse fails to develop a fully functional mammary gland at the end of the first pregnancy and shows markedly impaired lobuloalveolar development and milk secretion in young females . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These studies define the basis of cellular trafficking of PRLR isoforms and increase our understanding of control of target cell responsiveness by PRL . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we demonstrated expression of four PRL receptor ( PRLR ) mRNA isoforms ( L , 1 , S 1 ( a ) , and S 1 ( b ) ) in human sc abdominal adipose tissue and breast adipose tissue using RT PCR / Southern blot analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Genes encoding for prolactin ( PRL ) and its receptor ( PRLR ) are possible candidates for multiple sclerosis ( MS ) and systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) susceptibility . ^^^ In fact : ( 1 ) a prolactin secretion dysfunction has been described in several autoimmune diseases including SLE and MS and their animal models ; ( 2 ) both PRL and PRLR are structurally related to members of the cytokine / hematopoietin family and have a role in the regulation of the immune response ; and ( 3 ) both PRL and PRLR genes map in genomic regions that showed linkage with autoimmunity . ^^^ To evaluate a possible role of these two genes in SLE and MS we performed an association study of 19 PRL and PRLR single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we tested the hypothesis that short isoforms of the PRL receptor ( PRLR ) in human tissue regulate the actions of PRL in cancer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The status of the PRL receptor ( PRL R ) and Akt / PKB ( protein kinase B ) activity were assessed by Western blotting . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Null mutation of the PRL receptor ( PRLR ) gene leads to female sterility caused by a failure of embryo implantation . ^^^ Using the PRLR knockout mouse model and the mRNA differential display method , among 45 isolated genes , we identified UA+4 as a PRL and steroids target gene during the peri implantation period that encodes the decysin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The heterozygous prolactin ( PRL ) receptor ( PRLR + / ) mouse fails to develop a fully functional mammary gland at the end of the first pregnancy and shows markedly impaired lobuloalveolar development and milk secretion in young females . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To better understand PRL receptor deficiency , we analyzed in detail ovarian and corpora lutea development of PRLR / females . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The CTL clone expressed conventional PRL receptor ( PRLR ) , and PRL induced the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 ( SOCS 3 ) and increased the expression of SOCS 2 and cytokine inducible src homology 2 containing protein ( CIS , another member of the SOCS family ) . ^^^ Thus , the use of clones allowed the detection of direct effects of PRL on T cells , even when these have few or no detectable PRLR , confirming that human T lymphocytes are targets for PRL . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated a possible relation between prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) or IL 2 receptor alpha ( IL 2Ralpha , CD 25 ) expression on circulating T lymphocytes and their apoptosis in patients with breast cancer . ^^^ Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 25 patients , 25 normal controls ( NC ) and three cord blood samples were evaluated for Annexin 5 binding and expression of CD 95 , CD 25 , and PRL R on CD 3 ( + ) T cells by multicolour flow cytometry . ^^^ Expression of PRL R on the surface of T cells was comparable in patients with breast cancer and NC , but PRL plasma levels in patients were significantly lower ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ These results indicate that expression of CD 25 but not of PRL R on the surface of activated T lymphocytes appears to be involved in modulating Fas / Fas ligand interactions , which are , in part , responsible for apoptosis of T lymphocytes and excessive turnover of immune cells in the circulation of patients with breast cancer . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we provide the first study of prolactin ( PRL ) and prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) expression during the nonseasonal murine hair cycle , which is , in contrast to sheep , comparable with the human scalp and report that both PRL and PRLR are stringently restricted to the hair follicle epithelium and are strongly hair cycle dependent . ^^^ The dermal papilla ( DP ) stayed negative for both PRL and PRLR throughout the cycle . ^^^ The long form PRLR transcript was shown by real time polymerase chain reaction to be transiently down regulated during early anagen , whereas PRL transcripts were up regulated during mid anagen . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we examined and compared the expression of hormone receptors [ including estrogen receptors ( ERalpha and ERbeta ) , androgen receptor ( AR ) , progesterone receptor ( PR ) , prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) ] and prolactin ( PRL ) by immunohistochemistry , Western blotting and RT PCR in spontaneous mammary tumors , and mammary tumors induced by sex hormones ( T+E2 and T+DES for 8 10 months ) and DMBA in Nb rat model . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Visualization of gene expression of prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) by in situ hybridization in reproductive organs of Typhlonectes compressicauda , a gymnophionan amphibian . ^^^ The expression of the long form of prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) mRNAs was studied in reproductive organs from both male and female Typhlonectes compressicauda , an amphibian , by quantitative in situ hybridization . ^^^ These PRL R mRNAs were expressed in all the organs studied . ^^^ In ovarian tissue , mRNAs coding for the long form of PRL R were strongly expressed in ovaries with compact and vascularized corpora lutea , i . e . , during the middle and the end of pregnancy . ^^^ In the testis , mRNAs coding for the long form of PRL R were expressed in germ cells as well as in Leydig and Sertoli cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Knockout ( KO ) mice have been created that carry null mutations of genes encoding molecules essential for prolactin ( PRL ) release , PRL , the receptor for prolactin ( PRLR ) , and various members of the receptor ' s signaling pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of PRL and its receptor ( PRLR ) were characterised during sea bream embryonic and larval development , by semi quantitative and quantitative RT PCR , respectively , until 46 days post hatch ( DPH ) . ^^^ A single transcript of PRL ( 1 . 35 Kb ) and PRLR ( 2 . 8 Kb ) identical to the transcripts previously characterised in adult tissue , are present in sea bream embryos and larvae . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A role for locally produced PRL in breast carcinogenesis is suggested by its mitogenic action on breast cancer cells and the expression of both PRL and its receptor ( PRL R ) in breast carcinomas . ^^^ In vitro the 23K PRL clones proliferated faster and expressed higher levels of the PRL R protein than controls only when incubated in charcoal stripped serum ( CSS ) devoid of lactogenic hormones . ^^^ Western analysis demonstrated significantly higher PRL , PRL R , and bcl 2 levels in the tumors overexpressing PRL compared to control tumors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The data presented here demonstrated that this novel fusion protein was able to bind to the PRL receptor ( PRLR ) on T 47D human breast cancer cells and inhibit the signal transduction induced by PRL . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PRL receptors ( PRL R ) are distributed throughout the immune system and are included as members of the cytokine receptor superfamily . ^^^ PRL R signal transduction is mediated by a complex array of signaling molecules of which JAK 2 , Stat 1 and Stat 5 pathway have been well studied . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have also found that PGF ( 2alpha ) stimulation of 20alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ( 20alphaHSD ) , an enzyme that catabolizes progesterone , at the end of pregnancy is accompanied by a dramatic decrease in PRL receptor ( PRL R ) expression . ^^^ These findings , and the fact that the factors that inhibit PRL R are not known , led us to examine in vivo whether the decline in PRL R at the end of pregnancy is due to PGF ( 2alpha ) and to also find out whether PGF ( 2alpha ) opposes PRL action by inhibiting PRL R expression . ^^^ Using the PGF ( 2alpha ) receptor ( PGF ( 2alpha ) R ) knockout , we examined whether the absence of the PGF ( 2alpha ) R prevents the decline in the expression of both the short and long forms of the PRL R in the CL . ^^^ We found that , in sharp contrast to the wild type mice , in which both forms of the PRL R decline to low levels between d 18 20 of pregnancy , expression of these receptors remained elevated in the PGF ( 2alpha ) R null mice . ^^^ Furthermore , administration of PGF ( 2alpha ) to pregnant rats inhibited PRL R expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because E 2 modulates PRL receptor ( PRL R ) expression in the liver , we examined whether E 2 treatment after T H has any effects on hepatic PLR R gene expression . ^^^ Liver samples were collected at 3 h thereafter , and PRL R mRNA expression was determined by PCR . ^^^ Liver expression of PRL R short form gene was unaffected by T H , whereas that of the long form gene was suppressed . ^^^ Treatment of T H rats with E 2 significantly increased PRL R short form gene expression and normalized PRL R long form gene expression to sham levels . ^^^ In the isolated hepatocytes , PRL R short form gene expression was predominant compared with the long form gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mRNA and protein for both the long and short form of the prolactin ( PRL ) receptor ( PRLR ) are also highly abundant in BAT . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the PRL R ( PRL receptor ) signal transduction pathway , leading to the stimulation of cell proliferation , remains unclear and has yet to be mapped . ^^^ Reverse transcriptase PCR analysis showed that LNCaP cells express a long form of PRL R , but do not produce its intermediate isoform . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin ( PRL ) initiates signal transduction by inducing homodimerization of PRL receptor ( PRL R ) . ^^^ We have previously developed a mutant form of the PRL R in which a part of the extracellular domain is deleted . ^^^ We examined the oligomerization of the mutant PRL R using two differently epitope tagged receptors in a coimmunoprecipitation assay . ^^^ To study the biological activity of this mutant PRL R on mammary gland development , we generated two lines of transgenic mice expressing the corresponding cDNA specifically in the mammary epithelial cells . ^^^ In conclusion , the expression of a constitutively active PRL R by transgenesis induces a premature and abnormal mammary development and impairs terminal differentiation and milk production at the end of pregnancy . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Double label in situ hybridization for NPY and PRL receptor ( PRL R ) in the lactating rat brains showed that NPY positive neurons in the DMH also express PRL R mRNA . ^^^ On the contrary , few ARH NPY neurons expressed PRL R . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PRL engages its receptor ( PRLR ) to initiate various signaling cascades , including the phosphorylation and activation of Stat 5 . ^^^ We found that PRL promotes interaction between PRLR and the F box protein beta TrCP 2 , which functions as a substrate recognition subunit of the SCF ( beta TrCP ) E 3 ubiquitin ligase . ^^^ Knockdown of beta TrCP expression inhibits the ubiquitination and degradation of PRLR and promotes PRL dependent phosphorylation of Stat 5 as well as Stat 5 dependent transcription in cells . ^^^ Furthermore , the activation of Stat 5 and the stimulation of cell growth by PRL are augmented in cells expressing the PRLR ( S349A ) mutant . ^^^ These data indicate that PRLR is a novel SCF ( beta TrCP ) substrate and implicate beta TrCP as an important negative regulator of PRL signaling and cellular responses to this hormone . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mouse mammary tumor virus Cre mediated excision of the first coding exon resulted in a Jak 2 null mutation that uncouples signaling from the prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) to its downstream mediator Stat 5 in the presence of normal and supraphysiological levels of PRL . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previously , it was shown that proinflammatory cytokines characteristic of the APR ( TNF alpha , IL 1beta , and IFNgamma ) induced the expression of the PRL receptor ( PRLR ) by pulmonary fibroblasts in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the impact of photoperiod on PRL receptor ( PRL R ) expression is poorly understood , particularly in tIssues of the immune system . ^^^ Our first objective was to determine the effects of photoperiod on PRL R mRNA expression and cellular immune function . ^^^ Lymphocytes were isolated from blood collected from calves ( n=10 ) and PRL R mRNA expression of both long and short forms was quantified using real time PCR . ^^^ Lymphocytes expressed PRL R mRNA , suggesting that PRL could act directly on these cells . ^^^ To determine the relationship between photoperiod and PRL R mRNA expression in other tIssues , hepatic and mammary biopsies were collected after calves were exposed to long days ( LDPP ; 16 h light : 8 h darkness ) or short days ( SDPP ; 8 h light : 16 h darkness ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In rats under stressful conditions , a rapid and transient increase in circulating prolactin ( PRL ) is observed , and this enhanced PRL induces PRL receptors ( PRLR ) in the choroid plexus of rat brain . ^^^ In this study we used restraint stress in water to elucidate the mechanism by which PRLR in the rat brain mediate the protective effect of PRL against stress induced hypocalcemia and ulcerogenesis . ^^^ We show that rat PRL acts through the long form of PRLR in the hypothalamus . ^^^ We also show that PRL induces the expression of PRLR protein and corticotropin releasing factor mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The long PRLR isoform was also upregulated by endogenous , but not exogenous PRL . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The actions of prolactin ( PRL ) on target cells depend on the type of prolactin receptor ( PRLr ) predominantly expressed , particularly whether the long PRLr isoform is expressed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To assess the participation of PRL in these phenomena , pregnant and control rats were treated with an antisense oligonucleotide to reduce the expression of the PRL receptor ( PRLR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The pituitary hormone prolactin ( PRL ) exerts pleiotropic effects , which are mediated by a membrane receptor ( PRLR ) present in numerous cell types including adipocytes . ^^^ To explore the in vivo physiological relevance of PRL action in BAT , we showed that leptin content was significantly increased in BAT of PRLR null mice compared with wild type mice , highlighting the involvement of PRL in the leptin secretion process . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Selected cultures were expanded on cytokine supplemented feeder layers , enriched for CD8+ lymphocytes and analysed for PRL receptor ( PRL R ) expression and PRL responsiveness . ^^^ Resting CD8+ lymphocytes were negative for PRL R , whereas antigen activated CD8+ lymphocytes derived from long term cultures were highly positive . ^^^ Pre incubation of CTL with an antibody specific for the PRL R almost completely abrogated this effect . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , prolactin ( PRL ) and PRL receptor ( PRL R ) are affected by photoperiod management . ^^^ Our hypothesis is that the inverse relationship observed between PRL and PRL R mRNA expression during photoperiod treatment alters the sensitivity of the animal to PRL , thereby affecting the changes in their cellular immune function . ^^^ Expression of PRL R mRNA was increased in SDPP animals relative to LDPP , SDom , and SDinj . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The model was created by breeding PRL receptor ( PRLR ) deficient ( knockout ) males with GH deficient ( little ) females . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of exposure to different lengths of daylight during the dry period on circulating PRL and PRL receptor ( PRL R ) mRNA expression in lymphocytes and mammary tissue during the transition to lactation . ^^^ During the dry period , PRL and PRL R mRNA were analyzed biweekly in plasma and lymphocytes , respectively . ^^^ Expression of PRL R mRNA was assessed in mammary biopsies during the dry and periparturient periods . ^^^ Short day photoperiod was associated with reduced PRL , whereas milk yield and expression of PRL R mRNA in lymphocytes and mammary tissue were increased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A family of prolactin receptor ( PRLr ) isoforms mediates the effects of PRL in human tissue . ^^^ Taken together , these data suggest that the summated genomic and non genomic signaling actions of the PRL / PRLr complex serve to trigger an orchestrated pattern of gene expression that contributes to mammary development and the pathobiology of breast cancer . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This is the first demonstration , 1 ) that species homologous PRL promotes both homo and hetero interaction of most long and short PRLR pairs in living cells , 2 ) that both U PRL and S179D PRL are active in this regard , and 3 ) that there is some aspect of SF1a SF1b structure that prevents this particular hetero receptor pairing . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fetal , adult thymocytes and CD 45 ( + ) fetal liver lymphoid progenitors express PRL R . ^^^ PRL induces survival , proliferation and differentiation of lymphoid progenitors whereas both an anti PRL antiserum and an anti PRL R mAb block T cell development accumulating CD 25 ( + ) DN ( CD 4 ( ) CD 8 ( ) ) cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The leopard gecko PRL receptor ( PRLR ) was estimated to have tandem repeated regions in its extracellular domain , which had been originally found in avian PRLR . ^^^ In addition , tissue distributions of PRL and PRLR in the leopard gecko were examined by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HepG 2 cells were transiently transfected with expression vectors containing Oatp1b2 or OATP1B3 promoter fragments , cDNAs for Stat5a , and the receptors for PRL ( PRLR ( L ) ) or GH ( GHR ) , and treated with PRL or GH . ^^^ PRL and GH induction of Oatp1b2 and OATP1B3 promoter activity required cotransfection of Stat5a and PRLR ( L ) or GHR . ^^^ In DNA binding assays , HepG 2 cells transfected with cDNAs for Stat5a and PRLR ( L ) were treated with PRL , and nuclear extracts were probed with a ( 32 ) P labeled oligomer corresponding to 177 to 157 of the OATP1B3 promoter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We , therefore , determined whether : ( 1 ) the rate of loss of UCP 1 from brown adipose tissue after birth was paralleled by the disappearance of PRLR ; and ( 2 ) administration of either pituitary extract prolactin ( PRL ) containing a mixture of posttranslationally modified forms or its pseudophosphorylated form ( S179D PRL ) improved thermoregulation and UCP 1 function over the first week of neonatal life . ^^^ Exogenous PRL administration elicits a thermogenic effect suggesting an important role for the PRLR in regulating UCP 1 function . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) plays an important role in the PRL signal transduction cascade . ^^^ Two candidate genes , PRL and PRLR , were screened for polymorphisms in the chicken , and their genetic effects on broodiness were evaluated . ^^^ Fifteen sets of primers were used to amplify the nucleotide sequences of the promotor of PRL and exons of PRLR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Untreated LnCAP cells express the short 1b form ( SF1b ) of the human prolactin receptor , but DU 145 and PC 3 cells express only low amounts of this receptor until elevated by treatment with S179D PRL . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since the actions of PRL in the MPOA appear to be mediated by PRL receptors , it was of interest to determine whether and how treatment with P 4 and E 2 together or separately might alter mRNA expression of the long form of the PRL receptor ( PRL R ( L ) ) in the MPOA . ^^^ Using in situ hybridization histochemistry ( ISHH ) , mRNA expression of the PRL R ( L ) was measured in the MPOA of ovariectomized , nulliparous rats treated with various combinations of P 4 and E 2 . ^^^ The actions of P 4 on mRNA expression of the PRL R ( L ) were more pronounced in the dorsal MPOA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Candidate genes gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor ( GNRHR ) , prolactin ( PRL ) , prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) , follicle stimulating hormone beta ( FSHB ) , luteinizing hormone beta ( LHB ) , follistatin ( FST ) , inhibin alpha ( INHA ) , inhibin beta A ( INHBA ) and inhibin beta B ( INHBB ) were investigated for their association with sperm quality traits of sperm concentration ( SCON ) , motility ( MOT ) , semen volume per ejaculate ( VOL ) , plasma droplets rate ( PDR ) , abnormal sperm rate ( ASR ) and fertility traits of non return rate ( NRR ) and number of piglets born alive ( NBA ) . ^^^ FSHB , FST , INHA , PRL , PRLR and LHB had no significant effects on any trait in this experiment . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study we used rat PRL and a PRLR morpholino antisense oligonucleotide to elucidate the mechanism by which hypothalamic PRLR mediates the inhibition of restraint stress in water ( RSW ) induced hypocalcemia and gastric erosion . ^^^ We also show that when measured after 7 h of RSW , microinjection of the PRLR antisense oligonucleotide into these areas down regulates RSW enhanced expression of PRLR L protein in the PVN and increases the plasma PRL level , but does not affect plasma levels of another hormone , GH . ^^^ These results suggest that PRL acting on the PRLR L in the PVN is one of the critical pathways for regulating circulating Ca2+ levels under both acute stress and nonstress conditions . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The PRL receptor ( PRLR ) and GH receptor ( GHR ) have been identified in a number of teleosts but the SL receptor remains to be characterised . ^^^ The levels of PRLR and PRL mRNA vary throughout embryonic and early larval development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin ( PRL ) and GH have two distinct binding sites ( site 1 with high affinity ; site 2 with low affinity ) that each interact with a PRL receptor ( PRLR ) to form a functional receptor dimer that activates signal transduction . ^^^ In this study , we examined the ability of monomeric and dimeric forms of these ligands , human ( h ) PRL and hGH , and their antagonists ( hPRL G129R and hGH G120R ) to 1 ) bind to PRLRs ; 2 ) induce conformational changes in PRLRs ; 3 ) activate signaling pathways associated with the PRLR ; and 4 ) mediate cell proliferation in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The role of the hormone prolactin ( PRL ) in the pathogenesis of breast cancer is mediated by its cognate receptor ( PRLr ) . ^^^ Ubiquitin dependent degradation of the PRLr that negatively regulates PRL signaling is triggered by PRL mediated phosphorylation of PRLr on Ser 349 followed by the recruitment of the beta transducin repeats containing protein ( beta TrCP ) ubiquitin protein isopeptide ligase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Low binding affinity of the microsomal membranes of thymocytes to PRL and absence of the mRNA of a particular form of prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) suggest the presence of a different PRL R in CD4+ CD8+ thymocytes of EAC bearing mice . ^^^ The induction of tumor may alter the PRL R that can be correlated with the failure of PRL in rescuing CD4+ CD8+ immature cortical thymocytes from GC induced death . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this paper we show a clear case of coevolution between the prolactin ( PRL ) gene and its receptor ( prolactin receptor , PRLR ) in mammals . ^^^ First we observed episodic evolution of the extracellular and intracellular domains of the PRLR , which is closely consistent with that seen in PRL . ^^^ Correlated evolution was demonstrated both between PRL and its receptor and between the two domains of the PRLR using Pearson ' s correlation coefficient . ^^^ These observations can be best explained by coevolution between PRL and its receptor and between the two domains of the PRLR . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Alternatively , bbPRL bioactivity may differ depending on the prolactin ( PRL ) receptor ( PRLR ) species specificity . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Whereas both bioassays achieve similar results with respect to monomeric PRL activity , our results indicate that the activity displayed by bbPRL toward the rat receptor may be inappropriate because it is not observed in the human PRLR mediated assay , consistent with the apparent absence of bioactivity in vivo . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To explore the role of different signaling pathways in Epo mediated antiapoptotic effects in differentiated human neuroblastoma SH SY5Y cells , we employed a prolactin receptor ( PrlR ) / erythropoietin receptor ( EpoR ) chimera system , in which binding of prolactin ( Prl ) to the extracellular domain activates EpoR signaling in the cytosol . ^^^ On induction of apoptosis by staurosporine , Prl supports survival of the SH SY5Y cells expressing the wild type PrlR / EpoR chimera . ^^^ Most interestingly , Prl treatment does not prevent apoptosis in cells expressing mutant PrlR / EpoR chimeras in which either the STAT 5 or the AKT signaling pathways are not activated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the physiological significance of prolactin ( PRL ) in a marine teleost , pufferfish ( or fugu ) , Takifugu rubripes , we cloned and characterized cDNAs encoding its PRL and PRL receptor ( PRLR ) from the pituitary and gills , respectively . ^^^ Reverse transcription PCR showed the expression of PRLR mRNA in osmoregulatory organs , such as gills , kidney , and intestine , whereas pufferfish PRL mRNA was detected only in the pituitary . ^^^ These results suggest that fugu PRL regulates water and electrolyte balances through PRLR expressed in the osmoregulatory organs , as is the case with freshwater adapted euryhaline species . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CONTEXT : The contribution of prolactin ( PRL ) through its receptor ( PRLR ) to the pathogenesis and progression of human mammary tumors has received recent attention . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : We investigated whether genetic variation in the PRL and PRLR genes is associated with the risk of breast cancer ( BC ) . ^^^ An increasing number of PRL and PRLR risk haplotypes led to a significant trend of increasing risk for BC ( chi ( 2 ) = 12 . 15 ; P = 0 . 007 ) . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Genetic variation in the PRL and PRLR genes was shown to influence BC risk . ^^^ Additional studies are needed to further clarify the role of the PRL and PRLR genes in the risk of BC . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of the PRL receptor ( PRLR ) , achieved by restoring PRL / JAK2 signaling in mesenchymal like breast cancer cells , MDA MB 231 , suppressed their mesenchymal properties and reduced their invasive behavior . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we show by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistology that , contrary to a previous report , human skin and normal human scalp hair follicles ( HFs ) , in particular , express both PRL and PRL receptors ( PRL R ) at the mRNA and protein level . ^^^ PRL and PRL R immunoreactivity can be detected in the epithelium of human anagen 6 HFs , while the HF mesenchyme is negative . ^^^ During the HF transformation from growth ( anagen ) to apoptosis driven regression ( catagen ) , PRL and PRL R immunoreactivity appear up regulated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A prolactin receptor , present in adult female rat liver , can be induced in males by estrogen . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The demonstrated Kd ' s were within the range of prolactin concentrations easily attained in vivo and were in good agreement with values obtained in our laboratory and elsewhere for the prolactin receptor from mammary gland and other tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We hypothesized that differences in expression of GH receptors GHR and PRL receptors PRLR during adipocyte development might explain some of the differential effects of the somatogens and lactogens on fat metabolism . ^^^ To that end , we compared : ( a ) the expression of GHR and PRLR mRNAs in 3T3 L 1 preadipocytes during the course of adipocyte differentiation ; ( b ) the induction of STAT 5 activity by GH and PRL during adipogenesis ; and ( c ) the acute effects of GH and PRL on the suppressors of cytokine signaling ( SOCS 1 3 and cytokine inducible SH 2 domain containing protein CIS ) and IGF 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
How the integrin and Prl receptor ( PrlR ) systems integrate to regulate milk protein gene synthesis is unknown . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptors ( PRL R ) have been identified in both these nuclei . ^^^ The aim of this study was to investigate the cell type ( s ) expressing mRNA for the long form of prolactin receptor ( PRL R ( L ) ) and to determine whether patterns of expression change during pregnancy and lactation . ^^^ Sections from brains of nonpregnant , pregnant , and lactating rats were hybridized with an 35S labeled probe to label PRL R ( L ) mRNA together with digoxigenin labeled probes to detect either oxytocin or vasopressin mRNA . ^^^ In the SON , PRL R ( L ) mRNA was predominantly colocalized with oxytocin mRNA , with over 80 % of oxytocin neurons positive for PRL R ( L ) mRNA . ^^^ Very few ( < 10 % ) vasopressin neurons expressed PRL R ( L ) mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The prolactin receptor signaling cascade has been implicated in crosstalk with the mTOR pathway , but whether prolactin ( PRL ) directly activates mTOR is not known . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Studies with mammary glands of various animals have indicated that the prolactin receptor seemed to be a peptide or a protein of macromolecules in chemical nature . ^^^ Estrogen enhanced the binding ability of iodine 125 sheep prolactin to prolactin receptor of rat liver cell membranes . ^^^ Reports on prolactin receptor in human mammary cancer cells are sparse . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interaction of cell membrane prolactin receptor with its antibody . ^^^ Antisera against a partially purified prolactin receptor preparation derived from pregnant rabbit mammary glands were generated in guinea pigs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Concentrations of concanavalin A of up to 50 mu / ml caused a progressive decrease in the apparent affinity of the prolactin receptor for hormone . ^^^ Since high affinity concanavalin A binding was saturated at 50 microgram / ml , this class of binding most likely alters the affinity of the prolactin receptor for hormone ; low affinity concanavalin A binding may mask prolactin receptors , making them inaccessible to the hormone . ^^^ Binding sites for concanavalin A and prolactin appear to be independent but closely related since ( 1 ) concanavalin A did not displace bound prolactin from its receptor , and ( 2 ) detergent solubilized 125I labeled prolactin receptor complexes bound to concanavalin A Sepharose and were eluted by alpha methyl D mannopyranoside . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Properties of a prolactin receptor from the rabbit epididymis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Estrogen and prolactin receptor concentrations in rat mammary tumors and response to endocrine ablation . ^^^ Estrogen and prolactin receptor concentrations were measured in 24 carcinogen induced rat mammary tumors and correlated with the tumor response to host ovariectomy or hypophysectomy . ^^^ It was found that essentially all of the tumors contained some specific estrogen receptor , and all but three contained prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We conclude that autonomous and ovariectomy responsive 7 , 12 dimethylbenz ( a ) anthracene induced mammary tumors can not be distinguished on the basis of prolactin receptor sites and that endocrine regulation of prolactin receptors is distinctly different in normal liver and neoplastic mammary tissue . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Several concentrations of homocysteic acid , homocysteine , homocysteinethiolactone , homoystine as well as other amino acids were used in GH and prolactin receptor assay systems to determine their growth promoting or the lactogenic activities . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this investigation , prolactin receptor sites were localized by autoradiography in 7 , 12 dimethylbenz ( a ) anthracene ( DMBA ) induced mammary tumors from rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effect of the association time of in vivo bound prolactin on the [ 125I ] prolactin receptor assays of female rat livers . ^^^ These results suggest that serum prolactin can bind to prolactin receptors in vivo and partially block subsequent 125I labeled ovine prolactin receptor assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor on dissociated mammary epithelial cells at different stages of development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These `` prolactin receptor positive ' ' tumors were all from premenopausal patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effects of hypophysectomy , thyroidectomy , and thyroxine on specific prolactin receptor sites in kidneys and adrenals of male rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The growth hormone receptor is eluted from the gel with 4 M urea while 5 M MgCl 2 is required to elute the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cytosol and nuclear estrogen receptors and prolactin receptor in human breast cancer ( author ' s transl ) ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The study of prolactin receptors in rat mammary tumors indicated that the prolactin receptor content of hormone dependent mammary tumors was much higher than that of hormone independent mammary tumors . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The relationship between the concentration of prolactin receptor and the responses of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles to ergocryptine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor in human mammary carcinoma . ^^^ Twenty seven tumors ( 32 . 5 % ) contained specific binding for prolactin of at least 1 % and were considered prolactin receptor positive . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The addition of a specific prolactin receptor antibody completely abolished the effect of oPRL . ^^^ These studies also represent indirect evidence for the existence of prolactin receptor sites at the level of the amnion . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Modification of human growth hormone and human placental lactogen with ethoxyformic anhydride resulted in a loss of the ability of these lactogenic hormones to bind to the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mammary gland prolactin receptor and pituitary prolactin secretion in lactating mice with different lactational performance . ^^^ Mammary gland prolactin receptor and pituitary prolactin secretion during lactation were compared between these strains . ^^^ There was only a slight difference between strains in any of the parameters for prolactin receptor and for prolactin secretion on either day 4 or day 9 of the first lactation . ^^^ Almost all the correlation coefficients between each parameter for prolactin receptor and the pituitary or plasma level of prolactin were not statistically significant . ^^^ These findings suggest that any parameter for prolactin examined in this study is not always directly indicative of lactational performance and further show that the individual variation in the pituitary prolactin secretion during lactation is not so great as to alter the prolactin receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor messenger RNA is synthesized by the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus . ^^^ To identify cellular sites of prolactin receptor messenger RNA synthesis in the rat brain , we used a combined reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction protocol to generate single stranded DNA probes for in situ hybridization . ^^^ The results of these experiments identify the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus as a major site of prolactin receptor gene expression in the rat central nervous system . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of the full length rabbit prolactin receptor and its specific domains in baculovirus infected insect cells . ^^^ The prolactin receptor is a membrane protein mainly involved in the development of the mammary gland and in lactation in mammals . ^^^ We used specific cDNA constructs and the insect / baculovirus expression system and produced independently and in large amounts several recombinant forms of the rabbit mammary gland prolactin receptor : the full length receptor ( L 1 , L 2 ) , a truncated membrane form ( S ) , a secretable form of the extracellular domain ( E ) and two forms of the intracellular domain ( I 1 , I 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Growth hormone augments superoxide anion secretion of human neutrophils by binding to the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because prolactin binding triggers prolactin receptor internalization in various cell types , we propose that the prolactin like immunoreactivity in lacrimal acinar cells of females has been accumulated from the circulation , while the immunoreactivity seen in males results , at least in part , from de novo synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Molecular cloning of the bovine prolactin receptor and distribution of prolactin and growth hormone receptor transcripts in fetal and utero placental tissues . ^^^ This isolation of bovine prolactin receptor cDNA , and description of receptor distribution will facilitate study of the action of the placental and pituitary members of this gene family during pregnancy . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We postulate that prolactin can bind and stimulate the growth of some cervical cancer cell lines , probably through the prolactin receptor rather than by autocrine regulation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Absence of a putative ATP / GTP binding site in the rat prolactin receptor . ^^^ Two types of the long form of the rat prolactin receptor have been identified by two independent groups . ^^^ Since this site would confer kinase activity to the prolactin receptor and represent an important element in the process of signal transduction , we wanted to clarify this discrepancy . ^^^ All results clearly indicated that the sequence for the putative ATP / GTP binding site does not exist in the prolactin receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor triggering . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Regulation of the level of prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) provides one possible mechanism by which this may occur , prompting this investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved in progestin regulation of prolactin receptor levels . ^^^ These experiments demonstrated that progestin induced a transcriptionally based increase in PRLR gene expression and provided a mechanism by which progesterone may modulate the mitogenic activity of prolactin during mammary gland development . . ^^^ The effect of progestins on prolactin receptor gene transcription in human breast cancer cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Observations on the localization of prolactin receptor mRNA in rat tissues as revealed by in situ hybridization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Multiple forms of prolactin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid are specifically expressed and regulated in murine tissues and the mammary cell line HC 11 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Identification of ligand binding determinants of the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Involvement of physiological prolactin levels in growth and prolactin receptor content of prostate glands and testes in developing male rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Radioreceptor assay of serum prolactin using nitrocellulose membrane immobilized mammary prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of prolactin receptor in human brain and choroid plexus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The prolactin receptor ( Prlr ) and growth hormone receptor ( Ghr ) genes and the Moloney murine leukemia virus integration 2 ( Mlvi 2 ) locus were mapped to mouse chromosome 15 and human chromosome 5 bands p 12 p14 . ^^^ Activation of the prolactin receptor gene by promoter insertion in a Moloney murine leukemia virus induced rat thymoma . ^^^ To examine the potential relationship between Mlvi 2 and the genes encoding the growth hormone receptor and the prolactin receptor , we determined the chromosomal location of all three loci in the rat , using a panel of rat mouse somatic cell hybrids , and in the mouse , using a panel of ( C57BL / 6J 10 Mus spretus ) F 1 10 C57BL / 6J interspecific backcross mice . ^^^ Pulsed field gel electrophoresis of rat genomic DNA showed no overlaps between the gene encoding the prolactin receptor and the remaining loci . ^^^ Moreover , expression of the prolactin receptor was not affected by provirus insertion in Mlvi 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Double antenna structure of chicken prolactin receptor deduced from the cDNA sequence . ^^^ Chicken prolactin receptor ( cPRLR ) deciphered from the cDNA sequence showed a unique double antenna structure in its extracellular domain . ^^^ Both extracellular units of cPRLR possessed two structural features characteristic of the ligand binding units of cytokine / prolactin receptor family , namely two pairs of cysteine residues and a WSXWS motif . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The molecular structure of the GH receptor has recently been characterized and the receptor identified as a member of a new receptor superfamily that includes the prolactin receptor and several cytokine receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutational analysis of the ligand binding domain of the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor and IGF 1 gene expression were measured in mammary glands from Sprague Dawley rats at different times ( 10 , 30 ; and 58 d ) after administration of a single dose of 15 mg dimethylbenz ( a ) anthracene ( DMBA ) per os at 55 d of age , and in DMBA induced mammary tumors appearing in these rats at approximately 2 months after DMBA administration ; The relative gene expression of prolactin receptor and insulin like growth factor ( IGF 1 ) mRNAs was measured by hybridization to Northern blots prepared from pools of tissue . ^^^ Hybridization with the prolactin receptor probes revealed bands at 2 . 5 , 3 ; and 5 . 5 kb hybridizing with the long form of the receptor and a more intense band at 1 . 8 kb that corresponded to the short form of the receptor . ^^^ There were no changes in the relative expression of prolactin receptor mRNAs in the mammary gland of control ( oil treated ) or DMBA treated rats , although there was a gradual diminution of expression with increasing age of the animals . ^^^ In contrast , in DMBA induced mammary tumors , there was a marked increase in the relative expression of prolactin receptor mRNAs with , however , no modification in the relative proportion of short and long forms . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effect of hormones on dissociation of prolactin from the rabbit mammary gland prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) mediates the diverse effects of prolactin , which in the mammary gland include the development of lobuloalveolar structures and increased tumor cell proliferation . ^^^ Transcriptional regulation of prolactin receptor gene expression by sodium butyrate in MCF 7 human breast cancer cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rat insulinoma cells express both a 115 kDa growth hormone receptor and a 95 kDa prolactin receptor structurally related to the hepatic receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Coordinate regulation of oestrogen and prolactin receptor expression by sodium butyrate in human breast cancer cells . ^^^ Prolactin receptor and oestrogen receptor are co ordinately expressed in human breast cancer cell lines and in human breast tumour biopsies , leading to the suggestion that the expression of these receptors may be coupled . ^^^ To examine this hypothesis , T 47D and MCF 7 human breast cancer cells were treated with sodium butyrate , a known modulator of oestrogen receptor levels , and the changes in oestrogen and prolactin receptor mRNA and binding activity were measured . ^^^ These data indicated that oestrogen receptor and prolactin receptor gene expression is modulated in parallel by sodium butyrate and supported the hypothesis that the expression of these two receptors is coupled . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cross linking of G proteins to the prolactin receptor in rat NB 2 lymphoma cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A 7 fold increase in a prolactin receptor occurred as a function of cell cycle progression ; accumulation of a 1 . 6 kilobase prolactin receptor mRNA increased approximately 2 fold . ^^^ Interleukin 2 stimulation induced the translocation of prolactin into the nucleus and prolactin receptor to the nuclear periphery . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The extracellular domain consists of 601 amino acids with a region of 220 amino acids that shows a remarkable similarity to rat prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The correlation between prolactin ( PRLR ) and oestrogen ( ER ) or progesterone receptors ( PgR ) in breast cancer and a possible prognostic significance of PRLR at 10 year follow up have been investigated in the Naples ( GUN ) adjuvant trial . ^^^ Prolactin receptor does not correlate with oestrogen and progesterone receptors in primary breast cancer and lacks prognostic significance . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three predominant prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) mRNA species of 9 . 7 , 2 . 1 and 1 . 8 kb and two minor species of 4 . 6 and 2 . 6 kb were demonstrated in the rat ovary . ^^^ Multiple and differential regulation of ovarian prolactin receptor messenger RNAs and their expression . ^^^ Coordinate regulation of prolactin receptor binding activities and mRNA levels was observed during gonadotropin induced heterologous up and down regulation of ovarian receptor sites . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , the presence of prolactin receptor and prolactin antagonist in milk has been reported . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Comparison of long and short forms of the prolactin receptor on prolactin induced milk protein gene transcription . ^^^ The biological activities of long and short forms of the prolactin receptor have been compared . ^^^ An approximately 17 fold induction of CAT activity was obtained in the presence of prolactin when the long form of the prolactin receptor was expressed , whereas no induction was observed when the short form was expressed . ^^^ The present results clearly establish that only the long form of the prolactin receptor is involved in milk protein gene transcription . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor gene expression in rat mammary gland and liver during pregnancy and lactation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have expressed hPL in Escherichia coli , and we show that , like hGH , hPL requires zinc for tight binding to the extracellular domain of the human prolactin receptor ( hPRLbp ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chromatographic fractions derived from snake pituitary and which possessed potent growth hormone receptor binding activity were devoid of prolactin receptor binding activity , suggesting the existence of distinct prolactin like and growth hormone like substances in snake pituitary . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutational analysis of mouse placental lactogen 2 , and molecular characterization of the mouse prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Influence of neonatal diethylstilbestrol treatment on prolactin receptor levels in the mouse male reproductive system . ^^^ Prolactin receptor levels from the reproductive systems of male BALB / c mice exposed neonatally to diethylstilbestrol were analyzed . ^^^ Neonatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol caused significant decreases ( 1 ) in prolactin receptor levels in the seminal vesicle , ductus deferens , and anterior and ventral prostates and ( 2 ) in tissue weight and protein content in reproductive organs other than the ventral prostate . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mitogenic and binding properties of monoclonal antibodies to the prolactin receptor in Nb 2 rat lymphoma cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These data suggest that a tubulin molecule in the vicinity of the prolactin receptor , rather than actual microtubules , is involved in the transduction of the prolactin message from its receptor to milk protein genes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Zinc mediation of the binding of human growth hormone to the human prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effect of pregnancy and exogenous ovarian steroids on endometrial prolactin receptor ontogeny and uterine secretory response in pigs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Purification and partial sequence of the rabbit mammary gland prolactin receptor . 1 . ^^^ The prolactin receptor from rabbit mammary gland was purified to near homogeneity using a novel hydrophobic interaction chromatographic procedure . 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of two forms of prolactin receptor in rat ovary and liver . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Binding and cross linking of iodinated rat prolactin to rat hepatic prolactin receptor . ^^^ It is proposed that the inability of rPRL to be cross linked to Mr 82 , 000 and 35 , 000 species present in CHAPS solubilized preparation is the result of CHAPS induced changes of rPRL binding properties and low solubilizing capacity of CHAPS . ( 6 ) In conclusion , this study shows that also the iodinated endogenous hormone , rat prolactin , and not only hGH identifies high and low molecular forms of the rat liver prolactin receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) and growth hormone receptor ( GHR ) are encoded by members of a gene family containing regions of identical sequences . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The biochemical basis of CsA action is not known : its primary cellular target has been suggested to be calmodulin , the prolactin receptor or cyclophilin , a CsA binding protein originally isolated from the cytosol of bovine thymocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Purification , cloning , and expression of the prolactin receptor . ^^^ The rat liver prolactin receptor has been purified to homogeneity , and partial amino acid sequences have been obtained . ^^^ With the rat cDNA used as a probe , the prolactin receptor in rabbit mammary gland and human hepatoma cells has also been isolated . ^^^ Both the short and long forms of the prolactin receptor show regions of strong sequence identity with the human and rabbit growth hormone receptors , suggesting that the prolactin and growth hormone receptors originate from a common ancestor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It does not contain a tyrosine kinase domain nor show homology with members of the immunoglobulin super gene family , but does show some significant sequence homologies with receptors for several other haemopoietic growth factors , including those for interleukin 6 , erythropoietin and interleukin 2 ( beta chain ) and also to the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Identification of a cDNA encoding a long form of prolactin receptor in human hepatoma and breast cancer cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a highly conserved , putative calcium binding protein , identified by an anti prolactin receptor antiserum . ^^^ Using antisera raised against partially purified rabbit mammary gland prolactin receptor , we have isolated a cDNA from a T 47D human breast cancer cell expression library which encodes the putative calcium binding protein , calcyclin . ^^^ Since the protein encoded by this cDNA co purified with the prolactin receptor , we have tentatively named it a prolactin receptor associated protein ( PRA ) . ^^^ The availability of prolactin receptor positive human breast cancer cell lines , which do ( T 47D ) and do not ( MCF 7 ) express the PRA / calcyclin gene , will allow the investigation of the role , if any , of PRA in prolactin action . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Anti growth action on mouse mammary and prostate glands of a monoclonal antibody to prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In histologically proven BPH tissue specimens free prolactin receptor negative status has been found in most patients with a slight increase in serum PAP values , while receptor rich status was detected in the majority of those with elevated PSA concentrations . ^^^ We believe therefore that the prolactin receptor values , when used as part of the multivariable analysis , may participate in further delineation of the role of prolactin in the development of prostate cancer , but may also play a role in a subclinical prediction related to the conversion of either an adenoma or a latent adenocarcinoma to the clinically manifest prostatic malignancy . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Anti idiotypic antibodies as probes of prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Partial proteolytic digestion of the mammary prolactin receptor : identification of smaller prolactin binding fragments . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization and applications of monoclonal antibodies to the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of multiple forms of the prolactin receptor in mouse liver . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Multiple regulation of prolactin receptor gene expression in rat liver . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A mutant lactogenic hormone binds , but does not activate , the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This activation is suggested to be caused by the development of a prolactin receptor supersensitivity within the medium eminence . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cloning and expression of the rat prolactin receptor , a member of the growth hormone / prolactin receptor gene family . ^^^ The primary structure of the rat liver prolactin receptor has been deduced from a single complementary DNA clone . ^^^ In spite of the fact that the prolactin receptor has a much shorter cytoplasmic region than the growth hormone receptor , there is strong localized sequence identity between these two receptors in both the extracellular and cytoplasmic domains , suggesting that the two receptors originated from a common ancestor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Specimens with the highest specific prolactin binding showed the lowest steroid receptor concentrations , but no significant correlation between estrogen , progesterone , androgen , and prolactin receptor content and other prognostic factors was observed in our series . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Structure and gene expression of the growth hormone and prolactin receptor ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interaction between prolactin and rabbit mammary prolactin receptor in the presence of environment modifying agents . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor : characterization by monoclonal antibodies and cloning of complementary DNA ] . ^^^ Rat liver prolactin receptor has been partially characterized and purified to homogeneity using monoclonal antibodies . ^^^ This allowed us to clone the prolactin receptor cDNA . ^^^ Sequencing reveals that prolactin receptor is a 291 amino acid protein , containing an extracellular domain of 210 residues , a single transmembrane segment of 24 amino acids and a cytoplasmic domain of 57 amino acids . ^^^ Introduction of the prolactin receptor cDNA into various cell types demonstrates that the single protein is sufficient to bind prolactin with the same affinity and specificity reported for the prolactin receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This activation is blocked by prolactin receptor monoclonal antibody , suggesting that there is a receptor mediated activation process in the nucleus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Purification and protein sequence analysis of rat liver prolactin receptor . ^^^ Prolactin receptors were purified from rat liver membranes by single step immunoaffinity chromatography using a specific monoclonal antibody to the rat liver prolactin receptor . ^^^ From three separate purifications , 6 mg of partially purified prolactin receptor were obtained with a purity of approximately 4 to 6 . 5 % . ^^^ Thus , the use of monoclonal antibody for affinity chromatography resulted in a large improvement of prolactin receptor purification compared to previous hormone affinity chromatography ( 300 fold purification , 15 % recovery ) . ^^^ The purified receptor was run on preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis , and a homogeneous preparation of prolactin receptor was obtained by electroelution from gel slices corresponding to Mr 38 , 000 43 , 000 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Identification and sequence analysis of a second form of prolactin receptor by molecular cloning of complementary DNA from rabbit mammary gland . ^^^ Two lambda gt 11 clones containing fragments of cDNA encoding the prolactin receptor from rabbit mammary gland were isolated using a rat liver prolactin receptor cDNA probe . ^^^ This latter domain is much longer than the cytoplasmic domain ( 57 residues ) previously described for the rat liver prolactin receptor . ^^^ In addition , the sequence identity of this form of prolactin receptor with the growth hormone receptor is extended in the cytoplasmic domain . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
High tumour prolactin receptor content and lack of increase in serum prolactin levels as predictors of good response to endocrine therapy in rat mammary cancer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The difference between the effect of chloroquine on 125I labelled prolactin and 125I labelled insulin uptake may reflect the greater stability of prolactin receptor complexes in a low pH environment . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The pattern of prolactin receptor content showed two peaks at Day 60 and Day 105 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It showed only a slightly reduced ability to bind the rabbit mammary gland prolactin receptor in a competitive binding assay with [ 125I ] ovine prolactin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Isolation , characterization , and regulation of the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Evidence is accumulating that the secretory pattern of GH in the rat also affects various sexually differentiated hepatic characteristics such as steroid metabolism and prolactin receptor concentration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The brain acetone powders possessed neither `` lactogenic ' ' nor `` somatogenic ' ' activity as evidenced by their inability to displace the primary ligand in the rat hepatic prolactin receptor and growth hormone receptor binding assays , respectively . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Decrease in prolactin receptor affinity in the rat mammary tumor model after treatment with analogs of somatostatin and LH RH . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor : identification of the binding unit by affinity labelling and characterization of poly and monoclonal antibodies . ^^^ The prolactin receptor localized in rabbit mammary gland membranes has been identified by affinity labelling using covalent cross linking agents such as a unique protein chain of approximately 32 , 000 daltons . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both carcinoma cell lines exhibited high levels of specific prolactin receptors ( PRLR ) ( 9 11 , 000 sites / cell ) ; binding was diminished in cells exposed to 1 microgram / ml ( 4 10 10 ( 6 ) M ) , and abolished completely by 10 micrograms / ml ( 4 10 10 ( 5 ) M ) of FB . ^^^ The effect of treatment with flurbiprofen ( FB ) , a non steroidal anti inflammatory drug , on growth , prostaglandin synthesis , and prolactin receptor levels was examined in two established rat mammary carcinoma cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our observations are consistent with the direct relationship between membrane fluidity and prolactin receptor levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor regulation by LH in the rat mammary gland . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results suggest the possible importance of tryptophan in maintaining the activity of the prolactin receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Homologous up regulation of the prolactin receptor in rat prostatic explants . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effect of long term hyperprolactinemia on the prolactin receptor content of the rat ventral prostate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro ethanol has been shown by us previously to increase prolactin receptor levels presumably by unmasking cryptic prolactin receptors . ^^^ Our observations are consistent with the direct relationship between membrane fluidity and prolactin receptor levels . ^^^ The changes in prostatic and hepatic membranes after alcohol feeding , namely decreased prolactin receptor levels , decreased fluidity and increased resistance to the fluidizing effects of in vitro aliphatic alcohols may reflect a fundamental membrane defect . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor in rat liver : sex difference in estrogenic stimulation and imprinting of the responsiveness to estrogen by neonatal androgen in male rats . ^^^ Rat hepatic prolactin receptor is regulated by sex steroids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Evidence that non covalent forces , thiol and disulphide groups affect the structure and binding properties of the prolactin receptor on hepatocytes from pregnant rats . ^^^ Thus non covalent forces stabilize aggregates of the monomeric prolactin receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Measurement of growth hormone and prolactin receptor turnover in rat liver . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hormone receptors for estrogen ( ER ) , progesterone ( PGR ) and prolactin ( PRL R ) were measured in primary breast cancer tissues obtained from 214 patients at radical mastectomy . ^^^ Prognostic value of estrogen and prolactin receptor analysis in human breast cancer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
After 8 , but not after 12 weeks of treatment , testicular prolactin receptor levels were reduced by melatonin and maintained by the presence of pituitary transplants . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Testicular LH receptor decreased to 59 % of the control level as a function of time while prolactin receptor increased to 244 % maximally of the control level on the second day . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunological recognition of the prolactin receptor : identification of a single binding unit of molecular weight approximately 42 , 000 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Estrogen receptor ( ER ) , progesterone receptor ( PgR ) , and prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) in the regressed tumor were significantly reduced in the estrogen treated rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Testicular FSH receptors were decreased by 31 47 % ( P less than 0 . 01 ) in all treatment groups , whereas the LH receptor content was decreased only in rats treated between days 1 and 5 ( 18 % ; P less than 0 . 05 ) and prolactin receptor content decreased only in rats treated up to day 10 ( 31 33 % ; P less than 0 . 01 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , the ability of prolactin to activate nuclear PKC was inhibited totally by a monoclonal antibody to the rat liver prolactin receptor , implicating a prolactin receptor mediated activation process . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inactivation of rabbit mammary prolactin receptor by N acetylimidazole . ^^^ Treatment of rabbit mammary prolactin receptor with N acetylimidazole resulted in loss of prolactin binding activity . ^^^ These results indicate the possible involvement of tyrosyl residue ( s ) on the receptor in the prolactin receptor interaction . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mechanism of action : antagonism of the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor concentrations increased significantly between days 8 and 9 , reached a plateau between days 9 and 12 and declined abruptly on days 14 and 15 , accompanied by a similar decline in decidual luteotrophin concentration in the tissue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Conjugates of ovine prolactin and daunomycin were prepared for use as affinity labelled drug carriers in cancer cells carrying the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Free 125I labeled ovine prolactin can be separated from detergent solubilized prolactin receptor complex by filtration on triacetate membrane filters pretreated with polyethyleneimine . ^^^ Up to 98 % of the total 3 [ ( 3 cholamidopropyl ) dimethylammonio ] 1 propanesulfonate solubilized prolactin receptor complexes from rat liver bound to polyethyleneimine treated membranes . ^^^ This simple and rapid technique can be used to quantitate solubilized prolactin receptor complexes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Further observations on the autoregulation of the prolactin receptor in rat ventral prostate explants . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor levels rose with hCG after the 4 day administration , and then returned to normal after the 8 day treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Partial purification and characterization of bovine mammary gland prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The structure of the membrane bound and Triton 10 100 solubilized female rat liver prolactin receptor has been studied by affinity cross linking / sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis , gel filtration , and sucrose / H2O and sucrose / D2O density gradient centrifugation . ^^^ It is concluded that the Triton 10 100 solubilized female rat liver prolactin receptor has a molecular weight of about 90 , 000 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
After solubilization with Triton 10 100 or 3 [ ( 3 cholamidopropyl ) dimethylammonio ] 1 propane sulfonate ( CHAPS ) , prolactin receptors from mammary crude membranes of primiparous lactating sows ( pretreated with bromocriptine ) have been purified by affinity chromatography using ovine prolactin or a monoclonal antibody against rabbit prolactin receptor . ^^^ Partially purified fractions were used to produce anti prolactin receptor serum from goats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overall survival and relapse free survival ( RFS ) were studied in 547 patients according to the presence of prolactin receptors ( PRL R ) , either free or total ( after 3 M MgCl 2 desaturation ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cleaved product showed no significant difference relative to the intact rat prolactin when assayed for its ability to compete with 125I labelled ovine prolactin for the prolactin receptor and for its ability to stimulate the proliferation of rat Nb 2 lymphoma cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The prolactin receptor was shown to have a single `` class ' ' of binding sites with an affinity constant ( Ka ) of 6 . 0 10 10 ( 10 ) mol 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Circadian alterations in prolactin , corticosterone , and thyroid hormone levels and down regulation of prolactin receptor activity by 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 tetrachlorodibenzo p dioxin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Solubilization and purification of a prolactin receptor from the rabbit mammary gland . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Properties of a prolactin receptor from the rabbit mammary gland . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A prolactin receptor assay was established and validated , but no receptors were found in cervical tissue whether normal or with benign or malignant disease . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The changes in oestrogen , progesterone and prolactin receptor levels in target organs , and the macroscopic and microscopic modifications of uterus , ovary , adrenal and pituitary gland induced by long term administration of high doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate ( MPA ) were investigated in female rats . ^^^ A dramatic reduction of prolactin receptor concentrations was observed in the liver and the ovaries of MPA treated rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report here that an antibody developed against a partially purified prolactin receptor preparation can mimic this effect of the hormone ( although to a lesser extent ) and that drugs can modulate it in a similar manner . ^^^ These results also confirm our previous results with prolactin maintenance of prolactin receptor levels in rat liver cells in culture , that the mechanism of receptor maintenance appears to be due in part to a stimulation of receptor synthesis but to be independent of the internalization or of lysosomal degradation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Isoelectric focusing of the prolactin receptor complex revealed two peaks , one at a pI of 5 . 5 5 . 6 and the other at 5 . 2 5 . 3 . ^^^ Anti ( prolactin receptor ) antibodies raised against rabbit mammary gland prolactin receptors were equally effective in inhibiting prolactin binding to particulate , solubilized and affinity purified receptors , suggesting that purified prolactin receptors have a structure indistinguishable immunologically from particulate receptors and rabbit mammary gland prolactin receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Possible role of somatostatin in the regulation of the sexually differentiated steroid metabolism and prolactin receptor in rat liver . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In rabbit mammary cells it appeared that bacitracin and ethylamine completely block prolactin receptor down regulation , but dansylcadaverine , the most potent inhibitor of transglutaminase , was without effect . ^^^ The blockage of phospholipase A 2 by chlorpromazine or bromophenacyl bromide ( BPB ) was without effect on the down regulation of prolactin receptor . ^^^ We conclude that neither transglutaminase nor phospholipase A 2 are involved in the internalization of prolactin receptor complexes , although bacitracin , ethylamine and quinacrine are able to block the down regulation of prolactin receptors by other means . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The data suggest that the down regulation of prolactin receptor is not strictly required for the two considered prolactin activities . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of the prolactin receptor in human prostate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effect of sex hormones on the content of prolactin receptor in the liver of female rats ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Quantitative differences in the ability to bind and degrade prolactin among the cell lines exist , although there was a good correlation between the number of prolactin receptor sites and prolactin degradative activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effects of lysosomotropic agents and drugs which disrupt the cytoskeleton on prolactin receptor levels were studied in organ culture of rabbit mammary glands . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor content of rabbit milk . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effects of bromocriptine and occlusion of nipples on prolactin receptor and lactose synthetase activity in the mammary gland of the lactating rat . ^^^ The response of prolactin receptor and lactose synthetase to suppression of plasma concentrations of prolactin was examined in normal and occluded ( teat sealed ) mammary glands of Sprague Dawley rats , Rats , with mammary glands unilaterally occluded , were given bromocriptine ( 2 . 5 mg / kg per 12 h ) between 5 and 8 post partum . ^^^ Desaturation of the prolactin receptor by bromocriptine treatment in vivo was compared with desaturation by exposure of membranes to MgCl 2 in vitro . ^^^ These results indicate that the prolactin receptor in rat mammary gland may be maintained after acute suppression of prolactin secretion . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Distribution profiles giving amount of prolactin receptor and their affinity coefficients were found to be similar in the tissues of women whose ages , hormonal status , or stage of breast cancer varied . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results show that LHRH agonists : 1 ) produce an inhibiting effect on testicular prolactin receptor concentrations , 2 ) can cause a dramatic fall in testicular androstenedione and testosterone concentration following treatment , 3 ) induce degenerative cellular changes in rat testis during longterm administration , and 4 ) may play a role in the physiological control of gonadal functions by a locally produced LHRH like molecule . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor turnover in explants of pseudopregnant rabbit mammary gland . ^^^ Chloroquine ( 100 microM ) results in an increase in prolactin receptor levels ( 15 . 7 + / 1 . 2 % to 35 . 9 + / 3 . 5 % specific binding ) , whereas cycloheximide ( 1 microgram / ml ) induces a rapid decline ( to 6 . 4 + / 1 . 2 % ) suggesting a rapid synthesis and degradation of the receptor molecule . ^^^ In conclusion , in mammary glands of the pseudopregnant rabbit , the prolactin receptor molecule appears to have a short half life ; the mRNA for this protein , however , is relatively stable . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , hPRL is the preferred ligand for the assessment of prolactin receptor levels in human breast cancer biopsy specimens . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Estrogen receptor ( s ) ( ER ) , progesterone receptor ( s ) ( PGR ) , androgen receptor ( s ) ( ANR ) , and prolactin receptor ( s ) ( PRLR ) were measured in N nitrosomethylurea induced mammary tumors in intact female Sprague Dawley rats and in rats 9 days after ovariectomy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Stimulatory effect of luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin on testicular prolactin receptor levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One cultured lymphoma cell line has proved to be a very useful model system in which to examine prolactin receptor synthesis and turnover as well as post receptor mechanisms of action . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Biopsy specimens of 55 human mammary carcinomas ( 38 primary and 17 metastatic ) were assayed for prolactin receptors ( PrlR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of [ 125I ] iodo ovine prolactin and evaluation of prolactin receptor assay methods . ^^^ In an attempt to establish more rigorous conditions for assay of prolactin receptor , a study of the preparation , recovery and specific binding of iodoprolactin was conducted . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin like activity of anti prolactin receptor antibodies on casein and DNA synthesis in the mammary gland . ^^^ Antibodies against this prolactin receptor preparation were obtained in guinea pig and sheep . ^^^ When added to culture media of rabbit mammary explants , the anti prolactin receptor antiserum inhibited the capacity of prolactin to initiate casein synthesis and casein mRNA accumulation as a function of the antiserum concentration . ^^^ At higher concentrations , the anti prolactin receptor antibodies inhibited their own actions . ^^^ Several characteristics of the prolactin effect were also observed with the anti prolactin receptor antibody : the stimulatory effect of the antibody was amplified by glucocorticoids ; colchicine , which was capable of blocking prolactin action , also prevented the induction by the antibody . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effect of high dose oestrogen administration on the growth and prolactin receptor content of N nitrosomethylurea induced mammary tumours in the rat . ^^^ The effect of chronic administration of a high dose of oestradiol benzoate ( OB ) on growth and prolactin receptor content of the N nitrosomethylurea ( NMU ) induced rat mammary tumour was investigated . ^^^ No treatment significantly affected prolactin receptor content in the tumours . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Intracellular localization of prolactin receptor and prolactin in the rat ovary by immunocytochemistry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin and prolactin receptor interactions in normal and neoplastic tissue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Solubilization of prolactin receptor by a Zwitterionic detergent . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Calculating specific binding for prolactin receptor assays . ^^^ A proportional method to calculate specific binding of prolactin receptor or other hormone receptor interactions is introduced as a replacement for the currently used subtraction method . ^^^ In prolactin receptor assays greater specific binding is seen when data is calculated by this proportional method rather than the subtraction method . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vivo lactogenic effects of anti prolactin receptor antibodies in pseudopregnant rabbits . ^^^ Moreover the stimulatory effect of these anti prolactin receptor antibodies on casein synthesis is totally abolished by a simultaneous treatment with progesterone , which is a potent in vivo inhibitor of prolactin action . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ovine prolactin specifically bound to rabbit mammary membrane prolactin receptor was rapidly dissociated in a pH dependent manner with 0 . 1M ammonium acetate . ^^^ The dissociated hormone was characterized as intact ovine prolactin by Bio Gel P 150 gel chromatography and by its ability to bind to fresh rabbit prolactin receptor with the same binding affinity as native hormone . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These data suggest that in vitro fluidization of prostatic membrane modifies prolactin binding capacity and are consistent with in vivo prostatic prolactin receptor level membrane fluidity relationships observed in earlier studies . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Anti prolactin receptor antibodies can mimic prolactin action when added to mammary cells , suggesting that a relay is formed at the membrane level and transferred to the target genes . ^^^ The incubation of membranes from various tissues containing prolactin receptor with prolactin provokes the release of a factor which specifically accelerates the transcription of the beta casein gene in isolated mammary nuclei . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Purification of a prolactin receptor . ^^^ A prolactin receptor was purified from a solubilized preparation of mouse microsomal membranes by affinity chromatography . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor is located essentially on the plasma and intracellular membranes of target cells . ^^^ In mammary gland and liver prolactin receptor is up regulated following a slow process . ^^^ The transfer of the prolactin information to genes takes place through a relay which is released from plasma membrane when the receptor is occupied by the hormone or by anti prolactin receptor antibodies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The decline in prolactin receptor numbers at the mammary gland was significant after 10 days of involution although affinity for the hormone remained constant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to better understand the effects of LHRH administration on testicular function in adult rat , we compared the inhibitory effects of LH and LHRH analogue [ D Ser ( TBU ) 6 , des Gly NH 2 ( 10 ) ] LHRH ethylamide upon testicular steroidogenesis and LH , FSH and prolactin receptor contents . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cis platinum complex with retained prolactin receptor specific binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor expression in monolayer cultures of rabbit mammary epithelial cells : pre and postpartum [ 125I ] prolactin binding activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of antisera to a partially purified prolactin receptor : effect on prolactin binding in different target tissues . ^^^ Antisera to the prolactin receptor prepared in all three species were capable of inhibiting the binding of 125I labeled ovine prolactin to receptors from rabbit mammary glands . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Purification of rabbit mammary prolactin receptor by acidic elution from a prolactin affinity column . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mammogenesis and changing prolactin receptor concentrations in the mammary glands of the tammar wallaby ( Macropus eugenii ) . ^^^ All 4 mammary glands of the tammar wallaby showed a steady increase in weight and prolactin receptor concentration during the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle to reach a peak at oestrus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rat hepatic prolactin receptor : pubertal exposure to sex steroids alters responsivity to testosterone . ^^^ Administration of testosterone enanthate to adult female rats lowered the level of hepatic prolactin receptor . ^^^ Pubertal exposure of intact female rats to testosterone enanthate at the dose used did not affect the level of hepatic prolactin receptor in adults . ^^^ Prepubertal ovariectomy of female rats lowered the level of hepatic prolactin receptor in adulthood . ^^^ Exposure of the ovariectomized rats during puberty to mestranol ( ethynylestradiol 3 methyl ether ) at the dose used did not restore the normal adult female rat ' s level of hepatic prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Structures of the somatotropin receptor and prolactin receptor on rat hepatocytes characterized by affinity labelling . ^^^ Thus direct affinity labelling , as well as competition for covalent coupling , suggests that the 300 000 , 220 000 and 130 000 Mr species are components of the somatotropin receptor and that the 65 000 and 50 000 Mr complexes result from hormone binding to the prolactin receptor . ^^^ These Mr values were not affected by reduction of solubilized membranes , suggesting that the structure of the prolactin receptor is not stabilized by interchain disulphide bonds between subunits . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , we suggest that the lymphocyte prolactin receptor may be involved in regulating lymphocyte function , and that one of the actions of cyclosporine is to block this rather ubiquitously occurring receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This factor is formed only by lactogen hormones and from prolactin receptor containing membranes . ^^^ The generation of the factor can be provoked by anti prolactin receptor antibodies and it is inhibited by tubulin binding drugs such as colchicine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GHR gene expression was detected in PCR products after Southern blot hybridization using an oligoprobe directed to the intracellular domain sharing no homology to the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of prolactin and prolactin receptor in human breast carcinoma . ^^^ These effects are mediated by the prolactin receptor , a member of the growth factor receptor family . ^^^ Three prolactin receptor isoforms ( long , intermediate , and short ) have been identified in the rat , which differ in the length of their intracytoplasmic domains . ^^^ In humans , however , only the long prolactin receptor isoform had been identified previously . ^^^ The expression of the human intermediate prolactin receptor is demonstrated and preliminary evidence for a human short isoform is presented . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Concerning cellular content of functional macromolecules , we identified three categories of age related change in ventral prostate : ( 1 ) diminutions completely reversible by short term chronic testosterone treatment , as exemplified by androgen receptor content ; ( 2 ) diminutions partially reversible by testosterone treatment , as exemplified by prolactin receptor content and L ornithine decarboxylase ( ODC ) activity ; and ( 3 ) diminutions not reversed by exogenous testosterone treatment , as exemplified by S adenosyl L methionine decarboxylase ( AMDC ) activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The proline rich motif is necessary but not sufficient for prolactin receptor signal transduction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To define this latter mechanism , the nature of the prolactin receptor needs to be clearly defined . ^^^ Monoclonal antibody ( MAb ) B6 . 2 , and IgG 1 raised against a membrane enriched fraction from metastatic human breast cancer cells , was as effective as polyclonal anti prolactin receptor antibody in inhibiting the binding of prolactin to membranes from human tissue and to T47D human breast cancer cells . ^^^ The primary purification product , a M ( r ) 90 , 000 protein , specifically bound the lactogenic hormones human prolactin , human growth hormone and ovine prolactin but not the somatogenic hormone , bovine growth hormone and was precipitated by the polyclonal anti prolactin receptor antibody but not by control MAbs . ^^^ Mouse 3T3 cells , when stably transfected with the gene for the long form of the human prolactin receptor , reacted with B6 . 2 and polyclonal anti prolactin receptor antibody . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ultrastructural expression of prolactin receptor in rat liver . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No ruminant placental lactogen receptor has been structurally characterized , although they are presumed to be similar to either the growth hormone or prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The rabbit mammary gland prolactin receptor is tyrosine phosphorylated in response to prolactin in vivo and in vitro . ^^^ We report the first in vivo study demonstrating tyrosine phosphorylation of mammary gland proteins including the prolactin receptor , in response to the injection of prolactin . ^^^ The 100 kDa component was identified as the full length prolactin receptor by a variety of means including immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting with monoclonal ( U 5 , 917 , 110 , and 82 ) and polyclonal ( 46 ) antibodies to the prolactin receptor . ^^^ Rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of the full length receptor was verified by its demonstration in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with rabbit prolactin receptor cDNA . ^^^ Our demonstration of prolactin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation raises the possibility of signaling pathways regulated by receptor / SH2 protein interaction , which would facilitate prolactin specific responses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) belongs to the superfamily of cytokine / growth hormone / prolactin receptors . ^^^ Proline rich sequence mediated Jak 2 association to the prolactin receptor is required but not sufficient for signal transduction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We used a digoxigenin labeled oligoprobe sharing no homology to the growth hormone binding protein or to the prolactin receptor , to investigate whether growth hormone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid was present in tissue sections or amplified complementary deoxyribonucleic acid from leiomyoma and the surrounding myometrium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We suggest that the antibodies to methionyl growth hormone in this child served as a reservoir for exogenous growth hormone or facilitated the interaction of growth hormone with the prolactin receptor on the Nb 2 lymphoma cell . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression cloning of a cDNA encoding a fish prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Detection of in situ localization of long form prolactin receptor messenger RNA in lactating rats by biotin labeled riboprobe . ^^^ Biotinylated riboprobe that specifically hybridized with messenger RNAs ( mRNAs ) encoding the long form of prolactin receptor ( PRLRL ) was transcribed from 269 bp Hind 3 and Xho 1 fragment of the cytoplasmic domain of PRLRL complementary DNA ( cDNA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Combined treatment with E2B and progesterone resulted in a reduction in the incidence of mammary tumors and in serum prolactin levels compared with those in E2B alone , in spite of the synergistic effects on prolactin receptor concentration and DNA synthesis by the two hormones . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Regulation of prolactin receptor mRNA expression in peripheral lymphocytes in rats in response to changes in serum concentrations of prolactin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two monoclonal antibodies against prolactin receptor are internalized in epithelial mammary cells without mimetic prolactin effect on casein secretion . ^^^ Different monoclonal antibodies which bind to the rabbit prolactin receptor have been previously developed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor concentrations in the skin of mink during the winter fur growth cycle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of mRNA encoding the long and short forms of the prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) in the fetal rat was examined using the method of reverse transcription PCR . ^^^ Prolactin receptor gene expression in the fetal rat . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Extracellular domain of prolactin receptor from bovine mammary gland : expression in Escherichia coli , purification and characterization of its interaction with lactogenic hormones . ^^^ The cDNA of the extracellular domain of bovine prolactin receptor ( bPRLR ECD ) was cloned and expressed at high yield as an insoluble protein in Escherichia coli . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of the short and long forms of the prolactin receptor in murine lymphoid tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Multiple transcripts are generated upon the expression of growth hormone and prolactin receptor genes . ^^^ The membrane forms of the the receptors consisting of extracellular , transmembraneous and cytoplasmic domains and C terminally truncated variants serum hormone binding proteins are the protein products of the growth hormone and prolactin receptor genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor antagonists that inhibit the growth of breast cancer cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bromocryptine treatment had no effect on the number of follicles or on the amount of LH receptor mRNA in does , but it significantly increased LH receptors ( P < 0 . 01 ) , and the concentration of prolactin receptor mRNA ( P < 0 . 001 ) , particularly on day 11 of lactation ( P < 0 . 05 ) , and prolactin receptor content ( P < 0 . 001 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we have prepared antiidiotypic antibodies specific of human prolactin receptors ( PRL R ) in order to localize these receptors in breast cancer . ^^^ Antiidiotypic antibodies were prepared using anti human prolactin ( anti hPRL ) sera obtained from New Zealand rabbits . 25 breast cancer were PRL R positive using radio receptor assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The peculiarities of cellular and tissue distribution of prolactin receptors ( PRLR ) in the liver of female and male rats with different sex steroid status were investigated in paraplast embedded tissue with the indirect immunoperoxidase technique . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of at least some T lymphocytes involves the sequential stimulation of cell surface receptors , including the T cell receptor for antigen , the interleukin 2 receptor , and the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Studies on the expression of prolactin receptor gene in human decidua by in situ hybridization ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of the prolactin receptor ( PRL r ; female > male ) and the steroid 5 alpha reductase ( female > male ) genes was decreased in male nodules , whereas no difference was observed with respect to GH receptor ( GH r ; female > male ) expression in nodules versus surrounding tissue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MGF cDNA was incorporated into a eukaryotic expression vector and cotransfected with a vector encoding the long form of the prolactin receptor into COS cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate whether glycanic chains of prolactin receptors ( PRL R ) play a role in hormone binding activity , comparison was made of rat and mouse liver solubilized receptors with respect to both their affinity for the hormone and their glycosylation properties . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We studied the mechanisms involved in the prolactin activation of Stat 5 in COS cells co transfected with cDNA encoding Stat 5 and the prolactin receptor . ^^^ The prolactin response of the beta casein milk protein gene promoter can be observed in COS cells transfected with cDNA vectors encoding Stat 5 and the long form of the prolactin receptor . ^^^ The short form of the prolactin receptor is unable to promote Stat 5 phosphorylation and confer transcriptional induction in COS cells . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of plasma and intracellular membrane prolactin receptor in lactating mouse mammary cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The affinity of hGH for the prolactin receptor , measured as displacement of 125I labelled oPRL binding to crude liver membranes , was comparable with that of oPRL . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Progesterone and EGF inhibit mouse mammary gland prolactin receptor and beta casein gene expression . ^^^ Regulation of mouse mammary gland long form prolactin receptor ( PRL RL ) mRNA levels by progesterone and epidermal growth factor ( EGF ) and the relationship between PRL RL and beta casein gene expression were examined in vivo and in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two variants of rabbit prolactin receptor extracellular domain ( rbPRLR ECD ) were prepared using insect / baculovirus ( amino acids 1 198 ) and E . coli ( amino acids 4 210 ) expression systems . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor and signal transduction to milk protein genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three endogenous androgen responsive genes ( fatty acid synthetase , gross cystic disease fluid protein of 15 kDa and prolactin receptor ) and a transfected reporter gene , containing an androgen responsive element , were induced following androgen administration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor levels on lymphocytes vary with menstrual cycle in women . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Heterogeneity of the prolactin receptor in the rat mammary gland and liver during various physiological states . ^^^ This work was undertaken to determine variations in the 125I labelled ovine prolactin ( oPRL ) binding in rat liver and mammary gland membranes , and to study the molecular forms of prolactin receptor in different physiological situations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mRNA species for prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) isoforms , long and short form PRL Rs , were estimated by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method in the rat brain ( cerebrum ) during the oestrous cycle , pregnancy and lactation . ^^^ The levels of long form PRL R mRNA increased at pro oestrus and oestrus , at the same time as serum prolactin levels increased , whereas the mRNA level of short form PRL R was relatively unchanged . ^^^ In rats which were ovariectomized and hypophysectomized , the administration of 17OHPC , rat prolactin or rat GH partially restored the brain level of long form PRL R mRNA but not short form PRL R mRNA . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^ Preferential expression of long form prolactin receptor mRNA in the rat brain during the oestrous cycle , pregnancy and lactation : hormones involved in its gene expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor mRNA localization in the hypothalamus by in situ hybridization . ^^^ We recently demonstrated prolactin receptor gene expression in the anterior and medial basal hypothalamus and not in the cortex by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction . ^^^ In this paper , we localize the prolactin receptor gene expression to individual cells with in situ hybridization . ^^^ Several steps in the in situ hybridization method were modified to increase sensitivity by using ( 1 ) probes complementary to the coding sequence of the extracellular binding domain common to both long and short prolactin receptor , ( 2 ) more stringent hybridization and wash conditions to reduce background and ( 3 ) higher specific activity , more complex and saturating amounts of probe . ^^^ We detected prolactin receptor gene expression in cells of the periventricular area of the preoptic nucleus , medial preoptic nucleus , supraoptic nucleus , rostral arcuate nucleus and choroid plexus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Evidence for N glycosylation and ubiquitination of the prolactin receptor expressed in a baculovirus insect cell system . ^^^ The molecular mass of the rabbit prolactin receptor ( rbPRLR ) deduced from cDNA cloning is 66 kDa . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As the effect of growth hormone on neutrophils is mediated by the prolactin receptor , its inhibition by octreotide was also tested using prolactin as priming agent . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Short term effect of prolactin on intracellular calcium in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with prolactin receptor complementary deoxyribonucleic acid . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor expression in the gastrointestinal tract : characterization of the prolactin receptor of gastric mucosa . ^^^ A monoclonal antibody was therefore generated against the rabbit mammary gland prolactin receptor ( MAb 218 ) and used to study the distribution of the prolactin receptor in the rabbit gastrointestinal tract ( GIT ) by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ MAb 218 is an IgG 1 kappa precipitating antibody which precipitates major affinity cross linked mammary gland prolactin receptor subunits of molecular masses 45 and 80 kDa . ^^^ It has an affinity of 0 . 8 10 10 ( 9 ) mol / l for the prolactin receptor and does not react with GH or insulin receptors in precipitation assays . ^^^ MAb 218 immunoreactivity was observed in classical prolactin target cells such as mammary gland epithelium , and this immunoreactivity was abolished by preincubation of MAb 218 with purified prolactin receptor but not by preincubation with purified GH receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor immunoreactivity in rat anterior pituitary . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The prolactin receptors ( PRLR ) were correlated with circulating prolactin and various clinicopathologic parameters to investigate its prognostic value in patients with colorectal cancer . ^^^ PRLR+ hyperprolactinemic ( Prolactin > 20 . 0 ng / ml plasma ) patients had better overall survival than that of patients with PRLR hyperprolactinemia , although the difference was statistically nonsignificant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As there was little difference between groups in the growth and synthesis in the mammary glands , it was concluded that the failure of lactation in TGF alpha ( + ) mice is principally due to the lack of elevation of mammary prolactin receptor after parturition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The rat prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) exists as two forms , short and long . ^^^ Tissue distribution and regulation of rat prolactin receptor gene expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Preparation of the extracellular domain of the rabbit prolactin receptor expressed in Escherichia coli and its interaction with lactogenic hormones . ^^^ The cDNA of the extracellular domain of the rabbit prolactin receptor ( rbPRLR ECD ) was cloned in the prokaryotic expression vector pTrc99A to enable its expression in Escherichia coli after induction with isopropyl 1 thio beta D galactopyranoside . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin induced proliferation of Nb 2 cells involves tyrosine phosphorylation of the prolactin receptor and its associated tyrosine kinase JAK 2 . ^^^ We have identified this kinase as JAK 2 , and demonstrate its association with the prolactin receptor . ^^^ In addition , we show that the prolactin receptor itself becomes tyrosine phosphorylated upon ligand stimulation in Nb 2 cells . ^^^ This indicates that early events in signal transduction as well as later events like mitogenesis and proliferation involve prolactin receptor dimerization . ^^^ Together these data indicate that the prolactin receptor in Nb 2 cells is associated to JAK 2 and that upon ligand stimulation , and receptor dimerization , the kinase and the receptor are tyrosine phosphorylated , which represents the first event in the process of prolactin receptor signal transduction in Nb 2 cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Molecular biology of the prolactin receptor ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Visualization of gene expression of short and long forms of prolactin receptor in rat digestive tissues . ^^^ In the present study , the expression of short and long forms of prolactin receptor was explored and quantified in the digestive tract and correlated to the prolactin specific functions . ^^^ In rat liver , prolactin receptor mRNAs are expressed to a much greater degree in females than in males . ^^^ The identification of prolactin receptor gene expression to limited regions should help establish specific functions associated with this hormone in the digestive tissues . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Endocytosis and degradation of prolactin and its receptor in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with prolactin receptor cDNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pre therapeutic circulating prolactin levels and tumoral prolactin receptors ( PRLR ) were determined in 25 male patients with tongue cancer . ^^^ Furthermore , patients with < 2 % PRLR had significantly higher levels of circulating prolactin than their counterparts ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ Patients with PRLR tumors having hyperprolactinemia ( prolactin > 15 . 0 ng / ml ) had unfavourable overall survival ( chi 2 = 4 . 08 , df = 1 , P < 0 . 04 ) than those with normoprolactin ( prolactin < 15 . 0 ng / ml ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of the extracellular domain of the rat liver prolactin receptor and its interaction with ovine prolactin . ^^^ A clone of the extracellular domain of the rat liver prolactin receptor was generated by the RNA based polymerase chain reaction , and the NH 2 terminal 210 amino acids were expressed in HeLa cells using a vaccinia virus / T7 hybrid expression system . ^^^ The extracellular domain of the rat prolactin receptor inhibited the ovine prolactin dependent mitogenesis of rat lymphoma Nb 2 cells with an IC 50 of 7 . 1 pM and bound 125I labeled ovine prolactin with a Kd of 1 . 21 + / 0 . 19 nM . ^^^ High pressure gel filtration chromatography was used to demonstrate the formation of a complex consisting of one molecule of ovine prolactin and two molecules of the extracellular domain of the rat prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Nuclear co localization of prolactin and the prolactin receptor in rat Nb 2 node lymphoma cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Roles of extracellular and cytoplasmic domains of the prolactin receptor in signal transduction to milk protein genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ruminants express a prolactin receptor of M ( r ) 33 , 000 36 , 000 in the mammary gland throughout pregnancy and lactation . ^^^ Developmental variation in the expression of the prolactin receptor in the ruminant mammary gland was investigated . ^^^ Affinity chromatography revealed that bovine prolactin and human GH each bound to the same mammary gland proteins , yielding fractions enriched in binding activity and a protein of M ( r ) 36 , 000 , assumed to be a bovine prolactin receptor . ^^^ Affinity cross linking of 125I labelled human GH to mammary microsomes confirmed that the M ( r ) 36 , 000 protein was a bovine prolactin receptor . ^^^ Binding assays of receptors in microsomes from the mammary tissue of cows and ewes at various stages of the lactational / reproductive cycle indicated developmental regulation of receptor concentration , but not receptor type , as no other bovine prolactin receptor type was detected by affinity cross linking . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The method is illustrated by the binding of human growth hormone to the human growth hormone binding protein , and the binding of ovine prolactin to the rabbit prolactin receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The nucleotide sequence of a 1992 bp cDNA encoding the long form of the murine mammary prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) has been determined . ^^^ Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA encoding the murine mammary gland long form prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Visualization of gene expression of short and long forms of prolactin receptor in the rat . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor ( PRLr ) expression and distribution in thymus , spleen , bone marrow , lymph nodes , and peripheral blood lymphocytes from young adult Lewis rats are analyzed using single color flow cytometry and a well characterized monoclonal antibody directed against the rat liver PRLr . ^^^ Prolactin receptor expression by lymphoid tissues in normal and immunized rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In both the normal and malignant human breast , cellular sensitivity to the proliferative and differentiative activities of the lactogenic hormones is conferred by expression of the prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) . ^^^ Regulation of prolactin receptor expression by the tumour promoting phorbol ester 12 O tetradecanoylphorbol 13 acetate in human breast cancer cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results suggest that hPRL binds to the prolactin receptor on HL 60 cells and induces ODC activity to increase cellular polyamine levels , which eventually stimulates DNA synthesis and cellular proliferation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effects of sex and pregnancy hormones on growth hormone and prolactin receptor gene expression in insulin producing cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Visualization of gene expression of short and long forms of prolactin receptor in rat reproductive tissues . ^^^ Prolactin receptor gene expression was visualized in various tissues by in situ hybridization . ^^^ This approach has permitted the precise localization of prolactin receptor mRNAs in reproductive tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mechanisms of prolactin receptor regulation in mammary gland . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A single site human growth hormone mutant ( hGH [ G120R ] ) , which inhibits receptor dimerization , was used to produce single crystals , suitable for high resolution diffraction studies , of 1 : 1 complexes with the ligand binding domain of the growth hormone receptor ( hGHbp ) and of the prolactin receptor ( hPRLbp ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The molecular mechanisms of prolactin action in the cropsac epithelium have been studied by cloning prolactin induced genes , by cloning and expressing the pigeon prolactin receptor , and by analyzing the transcription factors that are activated after prolactin treatment . ^^^ The avian ( pigeon ) prolactin receptor is a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily and uniquely contains a complete duplication of the extracellular ligand binding domain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) is a member of the cytokine / prolactin / GH receptor family , and it is widely expressed in various mammalian tissues . ^^^ Developmental expression of the prolactin receptor gene in rat gonads . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The growth hormone receptor ( GHR ) belongs to the superfamily of transmembrane proteins that includes the prolactin receptor and a number of cytokine receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor is associated with c src kinase in rat liver . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The human growth hormone ( hGH ) antagonist G120RhGH does not antagonize GH in the rat , but has paradoxical agonist activity , probably via the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Stimulation of the prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) , a member of the cytokine / growth hormone receptor family , results in activation of the associated Jak 2 tyrosine kinase and downstream signaling pathways . ^^^ We report that PTP1D , a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase containing two Src homology 2 ( SH 2 ) domains , physically associates with the PRLR Jak 2 complex and is tyrosine phosphorylated upon stimulation with prolactin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mammary adenocarcinomas induces in female Sprague Dawley rats by three intraperitoneal injections of N nitroso N methylurea were studied in order to characterize their estrogen ( ER ) , progesterone ( PgR ) , prolactin ( PRLR ) and epidermal growth factor ( EGFR ) receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Multiple and tissue specific promoter control of gonadal and non gonadal prolactin receptor gene expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study we analyzed the expression of prolactin receptors ( PRLR ) in human digestive tissues by immunohistochemistry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor gene expression in specific hypothalamic nuclei increases with age . ^^^ The goal of this study was to determine whether prolactin receptor mRNA levels in the brain change with aging , which may lead to increasing responsiveness to prolactin . ^^^ Changes in prolactin receptor gene expression were assessed using in situ hybridization . ^^^ The level of prolactin receptor mRNA in choroid plexus , periventricular area of the preoptic nucleus , and arcuate nucleus increased significantly by the time the animals were old . ^^^ In the lateral ventromedial nucleus , prolactin receptor gene expression did not change significantly during aging , even in the oldest group of rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The six following genes : zinc finger proteins 164 ( ZNF 164 ) and 146 ( ZNF 146 ) , alpha galactosyltransferase 1 ( GGTA 1 ) , SRY related HMG box 2 ( SOX 2 ) , prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) and elongatin factor 2 ( EEF 2 ) have been localized by fluorescent in situ hybridization respectively on bovine and caprine chromosomes 17 , 18 , 11 , 1 , 20 and 7 and on sheep chromosomes 17 , 14 , 3 , 1 , 16 , and 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An eight amino acid synthetic peptide ( IIe 1 Phe2 Pro 3 Pro4 Val 5 Pro6 Gly 7 Pro8 ) corresponding to the conserved proline rich motif ( PRM ) of the intracellular domain of the prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) was studied by one and two dimensional ( 1D and 2D ) proton NMR spectroscopy in water and DMSO in order to characterize its conformational dynamics . ^^^ Multiple cis trans conformers of the prolactin receptor proline rich motif ( PRM ) peptide detected by reverse phase HPLC , CD and NMR spectroscopy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cloning and characterization of an ovarian specific protein that associates with the short form of the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The IL 13R shows homology with the IL 5 receptor , and to a lesser extent , with the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It was based on transient cotransfection using a rabbit prolactin receptor expression plasmid and a beta lactoglobulin promoter / CAT reporter construct . ^^^ We conclude that specific tyrosine kinases are responsible for most of the signal transduction from the prolactin receptor to the beta lactoglobulin gene promoter . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Regulation of prolactin receptor expression by estradiol in the female rat brain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The functional importance of the F 4 site was estimated by cotransfection of CHO cells with a chimeric gene containing or not the F 4 sequence linked to the ( 391 / +1774 ) CAT gene and a plasmid encoding the rabbit mammary prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interactions of recombinant soluble prolactin receptors extracellular domains ( PRLR ECDs ) from rabbit , rat , and cow and human growth hormone receptor ECD with immobilized human growth hormone , several prolactins , and bovine placental lactogen were studied utilizing surface plasmon resonance . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treatment of MCF 7 human breast cancer cells with 10 nM 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 tetrachlorodibenzo p dioxin ( TCDD ) did not decrease prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) binding . ^^^ Inhibition of prolactin receptor gene expression by 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 tetrachlorodibenzo p dioxin in MCF 7 human breast cancer cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Placental lactogen 1 variant utilizes the prolactin receptor signaling pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MGF / Stat5 is a latent transcription factor that becomes activated by a tyrosine specific protein kinase , Jak 2 , associated with the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Preparation and characterization of recombinant prolactin receptor extracellular domain from rat . ^^^ Complementary ( c ) DNA of the extracellular domain of rat prolactin receptor ( rPRLR ECD ) was cloned in the prokaryotic expression vector pTrc99A , and expressed in Escherichia coli following induction with isopropyl b D thiogalactopyranoside . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Members of the cytokine / growth hormone ( GH ) / prolactin receptor superfamily transduce signals by association and activation of JAK tyrosine kinases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) mRNA expression levels in the female rat brain ( cerebrum ) during pup contact stimulation were determined by the reverse transcription PCR method . ^^^ Pup contact induces the expression of long form prolactin receptor mRNA in the brain of female rats : effects of ovariectomy and hypophysectomy on receptor gene expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Heterogeneity of the 5 ' untranslated area of prolactin receptor mRNA in rat liver ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cloning , sequencing and functional analysis of a truncated cDNA encoding red deer prolactin receptor : an alternative tyrosine residue mediates beta casein promoter activation . ^^^ This study reports the isolation and in vitro characterisation of a truncated cDNA encoding the red deer long form prolactin receptor . ^^^ Co transfection of CHO cells with expression vector encoding the cervine prolactin receptor cDNA along with a fusion gene containing the promoter region of beta casein followed by beta luciferase coding sequence led to 8 . 13 + / 0 . 13 fold induction of luciferase enzyme activity in the presence of 400 ng / ml ovine prolactin . ^^^ This was comparable to fold induction observed with the wild type long form rat prolactin receptor ( 6 . 37 + / 0 . 48 ) ; macaque growth hormone receptor was without effect . ^^^ Northern blot analysis provides evidence that the prolactin receptor in the liver is encoded by transcripts of approximately 2 . 5 and 3 . 5 kb . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Competitive binding experiments using [ 125I ] hGH or [ 125I ] bPL and purified prolactin receptor extracellular domains ( PRLR ECDs ) from rat ( r ) , rabbit ( rb ) , and bovine ( b ) showed rPL 1 to be 12 , 40 , and 7 fold , respectively , less effective than hGH when competing with [ 125I ] hGH . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor expression during adipocyte differentiation of bone marrow stroma . ^^^ To determine the role of the hormone prolactin and its receptor on the differentiation , growth , and metabolic activity of cells of bone marrow origin , prolactin receptor expression was assessed in bone marrow stromal cells . ^^^ Primary bone marrow stromal cells also show a dose dependent increase in prolactin receptor expression following treatment with adipogenic agonists . ^^^ That prolactin receptor expression is inducible upon adipocyte differentiation was confirmed using a preadipocyte cell line 3T3 L 1 . ^^^ Further , prolactin receptor parallels lipoprotein lipase gene expression in 3T3 L 1 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) mRNA was demonstrated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) combined with Southern analysis in total RNA extracts from two human osteosarcoma cell lines ( MG 63 and Saos 2 ) . ^^^ This first demonstration of PRL R gene expression in osteoblast like cells supports the hypothesis of a direct action of prolactin in bone cells , which is further strongly suggested by the stimulatory effect of 1 , 25 ( OH ) 2 vitaminD 3 and dexamethasone on PRL R mRNA level in these cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Dopamine D 1 , dopamine D 2 , and prolactin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid expression by the polymerase chain reaction in human meningiomas . ^^^ In this study , using the polymerase chain reaction , we report the presence of the messenger ribonucleic acid ( mRNA ) for the dopamine D 1 and D 2 receptors and the prolactin receptor in meningioma tissue specimens and cell cultures derived from meningioma tissue . ^^^ Prolactin receptor mRNA was present in a little more than half of the female and male meningioma tumor specimens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , we report the expression in human prostate of a short prolactin receptor form in addition to the long form , based upon ligand cross linking studies and RT PCR analysis of mRNA expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have investigated the effect of increasing gestational age and cortisol on prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) gene expression in the fetal sheep liver during late gestation . ^^^ Hepatic prolactin receptor gene expression increases in the sheep fetus before birth and after cortisol infusion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immune localization of prolactin receptor in the mitochondria rich cells of the euryhaline teleost ( Oreochromis mossambicus ) gill . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate changes in uterine prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) expression in advanced uterine adenomyosis induced by ectopic pituitary isograft , the amount of PRLR mRNA was measured , by a quantitative competitive PCR , in both normal uteri and uteri with adenomyosis in mice at 20 days or 4 , 5 and 6 months after pituitary grafting . ^^^ These findings suggest that increases in the amount of functional PRLR are in fact a result of the progress of adenomyotic changes , rather than simply a result of elevated circulating prolactin levels . . ^^^ Increased expression of prolactin receptor mRNA in adenomyotic uterus in mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No change was observed in rats treated with an ODN complementary to the prolactin receptor mRNA sequence ( 2 . 0 nmol / hr ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Null mutation of the prolactin receptor gene produces multiple reproductive defects in the mouse . ^^^ Mice carrying a germ line null mutation of the prolactin receptor gene have been produced by gene targeting in embryonic stem cells . ^^^ This work establishes the prolactin receptor as a key regulator of mammalian reproduction , and provides the first total ablation model to further study the role of the prolactin receptor and its ligands . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The prolactin receptor , a member of the hematopoietin / cytokine receptor superfamily , is ubiquitously expressed by cells in the immune system . ^^^ Emphasis is given to recent information about the molecular mechanisms of prolactin receptor signal transduction , and the signaling molecules and prolactin inducible target genes that participate in these responses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Template based docking of a prolactin receptor proline rich motif octapeptide to FKBP 12 : implications for cytokine receptor signaling . ^^^ We have docked the prolactin receptor PRM ( Ile 1 Phe2 Pro 3 Pro4 Val 5 Pro6 Gly 7 Pro8 ) to the ligand binding site of FKBP 12 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The prolactin receptor and severely truncated erythropoietin receptors support differentiation of erythroid progenitors . ^^^ To understand the role of erythropoietin receptor ( EpoR ) activation in erythroid differentiation , we infected primary erythroid progenitors with high titer retrovirus encoding the non hematopoietic prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Collectively , our analyses showed that Stat5a and Stat5b respond similarly to prolactin receptor activation , but also suggested that the two genes have evolved unique properties that may contribute to the specificity of receptors that utilize Stat 5 signaling proteins . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Steroidogenic factor 1 is an essential transcriptional activator for gonad specific expression of promoter 1 of the rat prolactin receptor gene . ^^^ The expression of the prolactin receptor is under the control of two putative tissue specific ( PI , gonads ; PII , liver ) and one common ( PIII ) promoters ( Hu , Z . ^^^ These findings demonstrate an essential role for SF 1 in transcriptional activation of promoter 1 of the prolactin receptor gene , which may explain the tissue specific expression of PI in the gonads but not in the liver and the mammary gland . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rapidly reversible binding of rabbit prolactin to the rabbit prolactin receptor accounts for the differences between homologous and heterologous binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of brain prolactin receptor mRNA and induction of maternal behavior ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , ectopic expression of the prolactin receptor , another cytokine receptor that activates Stat 5 , led to hemoglobin synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor heterogeneity in bovine fetal and maternal tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PRAP , a prolactin receptor associated protein : its gene expression and regulation in the corpus luteum . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ability of full size prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) from Nb 2 rat lymphoma cell line to undergo lactogenic hormone induced dimerization in intact cells or in a partially purified microsomal fraction was tested . ^^^ Direct evidence that lactogenic hormones induce homodimerization of membrane anchored prolactin receptor in intact Nb 2 11C rat lymphoma cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine the effect of suckling on the prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) gene expression , we measured the quantity of PRL R mRNA in the lactating mouse mammary gland . ^^^ Removal of milk by suckling acutely increases the prolactin receptor gene expression in the lactating mouse mammary gland . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor expression in the developing mouse embryo . ^^^ We have examined the developmental pattern of prolactin receptor expression in the mouse by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction , in situ hybridization , and radioligand binding and have found two unexpected aspects of temporal regulation . ^^^ First , high levels of prolactin receptor mRNA were detected in mouse embryos at day 8 and day 18 , but levels decreased between these days to a minimum at approximately day 14 . ^^^ In contrast , placental prolactin receptor mRNA levels remained constant throughout this gestational period . ^^^ Second , on embryonic day 16 the mRNA encoding the long form of the prolactin receptor is more abundant in the fetal liver than any of the short receptor form mRNAs , but by day 18 a switch occurs and the mRNA encoding one of the short receptor forms becomes the predominant receptor mRNA in that tissue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atlas of the neurons that express mRNA for the long form of the prolactin receptor in the forebrain of the female rat . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tyrosine docking sites of the rat prolactin receptor required for association and activation of stat 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor maps to pig chromosome 16 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to clarify the prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) gene expression at lactogenesis , the levels of the long and short forms of PRL R mRNA were determined by the competitive RT PCR in the pregnant , lactating and ovariectomized midpregnant mouse mammary gland . ^^^ Corticosterone is required for the prolactin receptor gene expression in the late pregnant mouse mammary gland . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To investigate intraovarian prolactin and prolactin receptor gene expression and to assess local prolactin synthesis with emphasis on possible differences between premenopausal and postmenopausal status . ^^^ Prolactin receptor expression was investigated accordingly . ^^^ RESULT ( S ) : Prolactin and prolactin receptor gene expression was observed in all analyzed human ovaries ( n = 18 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Long and short forms of the ovine prolactin receptor : cDNA cloning and genomic analysis reveal that the two forms arise by different alternative splicing mechanisms in ruminants and in rodents . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin exerts its effect through binding to the extracellular domain of the prolactin receptor and through receptor dimerization . ^^^ This leads to the activation of a protein tyrosine kinase ( Jak 2 ) , which is noncovalently associated with the cytoplasmic domain of the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Conditioned media from prolactin treated cells from which prolactin had been neutralized with the extracellular domain of the prolactin receptor had no effect on EGF induced DNA synthesis , suggesting that the effect was due to prolactin , not an autocrine factor induced by prolactin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Coexpression and cross regulation of the prolactin receptor and sex steroid hormone receptors in breast cancer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The abundance of mRNA encoding the prolactin receptor was low during the period of embryonic diapause and increased concurrent with circulating progesterone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin signal transduction in mammary epithelial cells is mediated by a novel , direct signalling system that links the activation of the prolactin receptor at the cell surface to changes in gene transcription in the nucleus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor subtypes : a possible mode of tissue specific regulation of prolactin function . ^^^ In vitro expression studies have led to the identification of the regions within the long form prolactin receptor that are essential for the association of the tyrosine kinase Jak 2 , and the phosphorylation events leading to activation of the prolactin responsive beta casein promoter . ^^^ However , the different receptor subtypes are present in the same cell type in vivo and their expression is hormone regulated , possibly through multiple promoters that control transcription of the prolactin receptor gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Distribution of prolactin receptor immunoreactivity in ovine skin and changes during the wool follicle growth cycle . ^^^ Prolactin receptor binding activity and prolactin receptor gene expression in mammalian skin have recently been described . ^^^ In this report , prolactin receptor immunoreactivity is identified in sheep skin using a monoclonal antibody against the rat liver prolactin receptor . ^^^ RNase protection analysis revealed the presence of mRNA species coding for long and short forms of the prolactin receptor . ^^^ Formalin fixed sections , exposed to the monoclonal antibody and stained by an immunogold method , revealed prolactin receptor immunoreactivity in the dermal papilla , germinal matrix , outer root sheath , lower regions of the inner root sheath and connective tissue sheath of wool follicles . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The GHR primers flanked a 326 bp region from the intracellular domain sharing no homology to the prolactin receptor or to the GH binding protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The first step in understanding this unexpected function came from the cloning of the prolactin receptor , which was later shown to be a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Development of recombinant human prolactin receptor antagonists by molecular mimicry of the phosphorylated hormone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor from rat liver ( PRL R , 42 kDa ) was cross linked to a radiolabeled azidophenacyl derivative of human growth hormone ( [ 125I ] AP hGH ) to yield a 63 kDa adduct . ^^^ A membrane protein associated with the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we show that basement membrane is necessary for tyrosine phosphorylation of the prolactin receptor and thus directly affects cytokine signaling and differentiation at the level of the plasma membrane . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pattern of expression of the prolactin receptor gene in the testis and epididymis . ^^^ This study investigated the pattern and site of expression of the prolactin receptor gene in the testis and epididymis of red deer collected during the breeding season ( n=3 ) . ^^^ Ribonuclease protection assays using 50 microg total RNA and a 300 bp [ 32P ] labelled antisense cRNA probe , generated from the extracellular domain of the red deer prolactin receptor , confirmed the expression of the receptor in both the testis and epididymis ; a higher level of prolactin receptor mRNA was detected in the epididymis compared with the testis ( 170 . 4+ / 1 . 5 10 10 ( 3 ) and 26 . 3+ / 2 . 7 10 10 ( 3 ) arbitrary units respectively ; P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ Immunocytochemistry using an anti prolactin receptor antibody , raised against a peptide sequence from the extracellular domain of the rat prolactin receptor , localised expression of the receptor gene to the Leydig cells , pachytene spermatocytes , round spermatids and elongating spermatids . ^^^ Expression of the prolactin receptor gene in the red deer testis and epididymis suggests a role for the hormone in steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The orphan nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor 1 ( SF 1 ) is involved in the transcriptional regulation of all the steroid hydroxylase genes , and also regulates the transcription of the genes for Mllerian Inhibitory substance ( MIS ) , alpha subunit of glycoprotein hormone , LHbeta , oxytocin , GnRH receptor , ACTH receptor , prolactin receptor , DAX 1 , and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The objective of this study was to establish whether the gene encoding prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) is expressed in the hypothalamus and peripheral tissues of the domestic chicken and , if so , to determine whether there are breed differences in the structure or expression of the gene which might account for the observation that broodiness does not occur in the White Leghorn hen but does occur in other breeds of domestic hens , including the bantam . ^^^ Prolactin receptor gene expression in the brain and peripheral tissues in broody and nonbroody breeds of domestic hen . ^^^ Prolactin receptor mRNA was widely distributed in peripheral tissues in both breeds , in the following descending order of abundance : kidney , leg skin , brood patch , duodenum , intestine > thyroid gland > adrenal gland , liver , ovary > > adipose tissue > thymus , spleen > muscle > blood . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The intracellular domain of the rabbit prolactin receptor is able to promote the secretion of a passenger protein via an unusual secretory pathway in lepidopteran cells . ^^^ We have previously shown that the intracellular domain of the rabbit prolactin receptor ( rbPRL R ) , lacking typical signal sequences , was very efficiently secreted into the culture medium when expressed in the baculovirus insect cell system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Total RNA was extracted from fetal uteri ( n = 53 ) and amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using primers specific for the oestrogen receptor , progesterone receptor , interleukin 1 alpha , interleukin 6 , transforming growth factor beta , prolactin receptor , epidermal growth factor receptor , retinoic acid receptor isoforms alpha , beta , and gamma , or glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase ( loading control ) . ^^^ Expressed as a ratio with glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase , mRNA encoding oestrogen receptor was identified in fetal uteri throughout the period from day 65 to day 200 , and was increased from day 100 to day 185 ( P < 0 . 003 ) ; uterine samples from day 100 to day 200 expressed interleukin 1 alpha , interleukin 6 , transforming growth factor beta , prolactin receptor , epidermal growth factor receptor and retinoic acid receptor isoforms alpha , beta , and gamma , but did not express detectable mRNA encoding progesterone receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Observed histologic features consistent with decidualization included a significant increase in granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor immunoreactivity in decidualized stromal cells , glandular and stromal prolactin receptor expression , and an infiltrate of CD56+ large granular lymphocytes and CD68+ macrophages . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Anandamide suppressed the levels of the long form of the prolactin receptor in both EFM 19 and MCF 7 cells , as well as a typical prolactin induced response , i . e . , the expression of the breast cancer cell susceptibility gene brca 1 . ^^^ These data suggest that anandamide blocks human breast cancer cell proliferation through CB 1 like receptor mediated inhibition of endogenous prolactin action at the level of prolactin receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor signal transduction in cells of the immune system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have produced mice by gene targeting in embryonic stem cells carrying a germline null mutation of the prolactin receptor gene . ^^^ This study establishes the prolactin receptor as a key regulator of mammalian reproduction and provides the first total ablation model to further study the role of the prolactin receptor and its ligands . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Binding experiments , which are likely to represent the binding to site 1 only , to intact FDC P 1 cells transfected with rabbit ( rb ) growth hormone receptor ( GHR ) or with human ( h ) GHR , to Nb 2 rat lymphoma cells , or to rabbit mammary gland membranes prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) , revealed only small or no reduction in binding capacity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Comparisons were made of concentrations of PRLR mRNA in the anterior pituitary gland and basal and preoptic hypothalamus in adult males and females held on long days ( low vs high plasma prolactin ) ; in 3 week old juvenile male and females on short days ( high vs low plasma prolactin ) ; in 8 week old juvenile male and females on short days ( both low plasma prolactin ) ; in adult laying , incubating , and out of lay ( high , very high , and low plasma prolactin , respectively ) ; in adult cockerels exposed to long or short days ( high vs low prolactin ) ; and in adult hens exposed to long or short days ( high vs low prolactin ) . ^^^ It is concluded that there is no consistent relationship between plasma prolactin , in the physiological range , and the concentration of PRLR mRNA in the anterior pituitary gland , basal hypothalamus , and preoptic hypothalamus . . ^^^ Relationship between prolactin receptor mRNA in the anterior pituitary gland and hypothalamus and reproductive state in male and female bantams ( Gallus domesticus ) . ^^^ The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that prolactin may up and down regulate prolactin receptor gene expression in the anterior pituitary gland and hypothalamus respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor mRNA in ovaries was low during CL activation but increased 3 fold through embryo implantation . ^^^ Bromocriptine suppressed endogenous prolactin levels and prevented the increase in prolactin receptor mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We recently showed that a retrovirally transduced prolactin receptor ( PrlR ) efficiently supports the differentiation of wild type burst forming unit erythroid ( BFU e ) and colony forming unit erythroid ( CFU e ) progenitors in response to prolactin and in the absence of erythropoietin ( Epo ) . ^^^ The prolactin receptor rescues EpoR / erythroid progenitors and replaces EpoR in a synergistic interaction with c kit . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Alternative splicing of the prolactin receptor gene generates a 1 . 7 kb RNA transcript that is linked to prolactin function in the red deer testis . ^^^ A cDNA encoding a putative non membrane bound prolactin receptor was amplified by RT PCR from red deer ( Cervus elaphus ) testis . ^^^ These data suggest that : ( a ) the deletion in the 1 . 7 kb transcript alters the structure of the prolactin binding domain in the putative protein encoded by the 1 . 7 kb transcript , and ( b ) alternative splicing of the prolactin receptor gene toward the 1 . 7 kb transcript is a means of down regulating the expression of the full length prolactin receptor and hence may modify the role of prolactin in the testis of seasonally breeding mammals such as red deer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
After binding of this hormone derivative to rat liver microsomes , followed by photolysis and subsequent reduction of disulfide bridges , the specific transfer of the radiolabeled moiety to prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) was achieved . ^^^ Application to the human growth hormone rat liver prolactin receptor interaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Distinct cytoplasmic regions of the prolactin receptor are required for prolactin induced calcium entry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effect of bromocriptin on prolactin receptor expression in liver cells after the common bile duct ligation ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mouse prolactin receptor gene : genomic organization reveals alternative promoter usage and generation of isoforms via alternative 3 ' exon splicing . ^^^ In rodents , the prolactin receptor is expressed as multiple isoforms with identical extracellular and membrane proximal region sequences but with different 3 ' sequences , encoding different cytoplasmic regions , and different 5 ' untranslated region ( UTR ) sequences . ^^^ These divergent sequences could be the result of multiple prolactin receptor genes or of a single gene which displays alternative promoter usage and 3 ' exon splicing . ^^^ To investigate the molecular basis for these observations , we have cloned and determined the organization of the mouse prolactin receptor gene . ^^^ Genomic DNA cloning allowed the arrangement of promoters 1A , 1B , and 1C to be determined . 5 ' RACE PCR from mouse liver identified two novel 5 ' prolactin receptor sequences , indicating that the gene has at least five different promoters , four of which are active in liver . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In humans , GH can also bind to and activate the prolactin receptor / 9 / . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin induces an inward current through voltage independent Ca2+ channels in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using nuclear extracts from COS 7 cells transfected with expression vectors for the prolactin receptor , STAT5A , and / or STAT5B , we showed that the C 1 complex was composed of a STAT 5 tetramer and was dependent on the presence of STAT5A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transcriptional regulation of the generic promoter 3 of the rat prolactin receptor gene by C / EBPbeta and Sp 1 . ^^^ Three promoters are operative in the rat prolactin receptor gene as follows : promoter 1 ( PI ) and 2 ( PII ) are specific for the gonads and liver , respectively , and promoter 3 ( PIII ) is common to several tissues . ^^^ These findings indicate that promoter 3 is of central importance in prolactin receptor gene transcription across species . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro receptor binding studies demonstrated that phosphorylated bPRL did not bind the ovarian prolactin receptor . ^^^ These data are the first to test the activities of phosphorylated bPRL in vivo and indicate ; 1 ) nonphosphorylated bPRL is luteotropic , 2 ) phosphorylated bPRL is neither luteotropic nor a prolactin receptor agonist or antagonist and 3 ) phosphorylated bPRL is not dephosphorylated in vivo rapidly enough to provide sufficient biologically active bPRL to maintain luteal function . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Osteoblasts are a new target for prolactin : analysis of bone formation in prolactin receptor knockout mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retinoic acid modulates prolactin receptor expression and prolactin induced STAT 5 activation in breast cancer cells in vitro . ^^^ We studied expression of prolactin receptor mRNA in human breast cancer cell lines MCF 7 , SKBR 3 , T47D and BT 20 treated with and without retinoids using Northern blot and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) method . ^^^ In all cell lines , all trans and 9 cis retinoic acid , as well as the retinoic acid receptor gamma ( RAR gamma ) selective agonists CD 2325 and CD 437 ( 1 microM ) , were able to down regulate prolactin receptor . ^^^ Pretreatment with retinoic acid also reduced the prolactin / prolactin receptor dependent signal transduction and activation of transcription 5 ( STAT 5 ) activation in T47D cells . ^^^ Cycloheximide failed to abrogate the retinoic acid induced decline in prolactin receptor mRNA levels , indicating that this effect was not dependent upon continuing protein synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of unique truncated prolactin receptor transcripts , corresponding to the intracellular domain , in the testis of the sexually mature chicken . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have investigated the effects of increasing gestational age , maternal undernutrition or restricted placental growth on prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) gene expression in perirenal adipose tissue collected from foetal sheep during late gestation ( term = 147 d + / 3 d of gestation ) . ^^^ Prolactin receptor gene expression and foetal adipose tissue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Binding of cPL to the extracellular domain ( ECD ) of prolactin receptors ( PRLR ) from rat ( r ) , rabbit ( rb ) , and bovine ( b ) , growth hormone receptors ( GHR ) from human ( h ) and rabbit , and binding to rabbit mammary gland membranes revealed similar binding profiles for cPL Q , cPL S and ovine ( o ) PL . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This selective activation of STAT 5 by prolactin was also observed in COS 7 cells cotransfected with the long form of the mouse prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) and expression vectors for STAT 1 , STAT 3 , STAT 5 and STAT 6 . ^^^ Selective coupling of STAT factors to the mouse prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ability of five members of the cytokine inducible SH 2 protein family ( CIS 1 4 ) and JAK 2 binding ( JAB ) protein to affect prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) mediated activity was tested in human 293 embryonic kidney fibroblasts transiently transfected with rat PRLR , five concentrations of CIS / JAB Myc tagged cDNAs and a STAT 5 responsive reporter gene encoding luciferase . ^^^ Cytokine inducible SH 2 protein ( CIS 3 ) and JAK 2 binding protein ( JAB ) abolish prolactin receptor mediated STAT 5 signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Genetic mapping of the chicken prolactin receptor gene : a candidate gene for the control of broodiness . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human epidermal keratinocytes upregulate expression of the prolactin receptor after the onset of terminal differentiation , but do not respond to prolactin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cellular localization and evolution of prolactin receptor mRNA in ovine endometrium during pregnancy . ^^^ In this study , we have investigated the expression of the prolactin receptor gene in ovine endometrium during oestrus cycle and pregnancy . ^^^ Using reverse transcription PCR analysis , we provided evidence that the prolactin receptor gene is specifically transcribed in this tissue . ^^^ As shown by Northern blot analysis , the level of the prolactin receptor transcripts increased dramatically during late pregnancy . ^^^ In situ hybridization experiments revealed that prolactin receptor mRNA was specifically expressed in the glandular compartment and confirmed the dramatic increase of its expression that occurs at the end of pregnancy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor expression in the developing human prostate and in hyperplastic , dysplastic , and neoplastic lesions . ^^^ In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used to localize and compare the expression of the long form of the human prolactin receptor in fetal , prepubertal , and adult prostate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To study the role of the cytoplasmic domain and particularly the tyrosine residues of the erythropoietin receptor ( EpoR ) in erythroid differentiation of human primary stem cells , we infected cord blood derived CD34+ cells with retroviruses encoding chimeric receptors containing the extracellular domain of the prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) and the cytoplasmic domain of either the normal EpoR or a truncated EpoR devoid of tyrosine residues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The human prolactin receptor gene structure and alternative promoter utilization : the generic promoter hPIII and a novel human promoter hP ( N ) . ^^^ The 5 ' untranslated region of the human prolactin receptor ( hPRLR ) gene contains two alternative first exons , hE 1 ( 3 ) , the human counterpart of the rat and mouse E 1 ( 3 ) and a novel human type of alternative first exon termed hE1N , also a common non coding exon 2 and a third exon containing the translation initiation codon . hE 1 ( 3 ) was localized approximately 800 bp 5 ' from the hE1N in the genome . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Crystallization of ovine placental lactogen in a 1 : 2 complex with the extracellular domain of the rat prolactin receptor . ^^^ A stable 1 : 2 complex was formed between ovine placental lactogen , a close prolactin homologue , and two copies of the extracellular portion of the rat prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor expression in the testis of the ram : localisation , functional activation and the influence of gonadotrophins . ^^^ The present study investigated the pattern and site of expression of the prolactin receptor gene in the testis of the seasonally breeding Soay sheep . ^^^ In experiment 1 , Northern blot analysis confirmed expression of the prolactin receptor gene in the testis which was encoded by RNA transcripts of approximately 3 . 6 , 11 . 2 , 12 . 6 , and 14 . 1 kb . ^^^ RT PCR using RNA extracted from intact and HPD rams confirmed expression of the prolactin receptor in the testis of both groups . ^^^ Immunohistochemistry localised prolactin receptor expression in Leydig cells and in pachytene spermatocytes , round and elongating spermatids of intact sheep testis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The levels of mRNA for long and three short forms of prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) were examined in the livers of normal ( db+ / db ) and insulin resistant diabetic ( db+ / db+ ) mice to assess the role of gonadal steroid hormones in the regulation of PRLR gene expression in diabetes mellitus . ^^^ Involvement of gonadal steroid hormone disturbance in altered prolactin receptor gene expression in the liver of diabetic mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The crystal structure of human GH bound to human GHR did not resolve this extreme N terminal region of the receptor but our data indicate that the N terminal loop undertakes a 180 degrees turn bringing it into close proximity to the hormone binding domain in a fashion analogous to the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) mRNA was visualized by in situ hybridization in adenomyotic uteri of mice with ectopic pituitary grafting . ^^^ In situ detection of prolactin receptor mRNA and apoptotic cell death in mouse uterine tissues with adenomyosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor mRNA was detected in a wide range of possum tissues and in the mammary gland the PRL R gene was differentially expressed during lactation with peak mRNA levels being detected during the first 6 days of lactation and after day 115 throughout late lactation . ^^^ This pattern of PRL R mRNA expression in the mammary gland is similar to that observed for circulating prolactin in the lactating possum . ^^^ The prolactin receptor from the brushtail possum ( Trichosurus vulpecula ) : cDNA cloning , expression and functional analysis . ^^^ A full length , prolactin receptor cDNA clone has been isolated from the brushtail possum ( Trichosurus vulpecula ) . ^^^ This clone encodes a 625 amino acid protein which shares 60 70 and 54 % sequence identity with prolactin receptor ( long form ) sequences from mammalian and avian species , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SOCS 1 was shown to associate with Jak 2 , whereas SOCS 2 was associated with the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Comparison of crystallographic structures of human growth hormone , either bound to the prolactin receptor or free of receptors , reveals that human growth hormone binding to the prolactin receptor at site 1 is associated with a structural change in human growth hormone that influences the organization of residues which constitute site 2 . ^^^ Mutation of Tyr 164 to glutamic acid ( Y164E ) does not affect the somatotrophic activity , absorption or fluorescence spectra or binding to the human prolactin receptor when compared to wild type human growth hormone , indicating the subtle effects of the mutation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The inactivation of the prolactin receptor gene by homologous recombination has made it possible to investigate the role of prolactin signaling in mammary gland development without resort to ablative surgery of the endocrine glands . ^^^ In knockout mice lacking the prolactin receptor , mammary development is normal up to puberty . ^^^ To distinguish between the developmental defects that are intrinsic to the epithelium and those that result from systemic endocrine alterations in prolactin receptor knockout mice , mammary epithelium from prolactin receptor knockouts was transplanted into mammary fat pads of wild type mice . ^^^ Prolactin receptor knockout females are infertile due to multiple reproductive defects , but epithelial transplants allowed us to assess the extent to which the absence of prolactin receptor is limiting , under systemic conditions that allow full mammary gland development . ^^^ During pregnancy , the prolactin receptor knockout transplants showed normal side branching and the formation of alveolar buds , but no lobuloalveolar development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Regulation of prolactin receptor glycosylation and its role in receptor location . ^^^ In unstimulated mammary epithelial cells from virgin mice , the prolactin receptor exists as two isoforms : a 78 and a 70 kDa species . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Nuclear prolactin receptor manifestation in the rat hepatocytes and effect of prolactin ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor localization to the area postrema . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human GH is also able to bind to the receptor of prolactin ( PRLR ) . ^^^ The human growth hormone antagonist B 2036 does not interact with the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor and insulin like growth factor expression in wool follicles . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 20 kilodalton ( kDa ) human growth hormone ( hGH ) differs from the 22 kDa hGH in the effect on the human prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , ACC cases were pS 2 negative and showed minimal expression of prolactin receptors ( PrlR ) , while the two ICC showed widespread and strong staining for pS 2 and PrlR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Zinc increases the affinity of human growth hormone ( hGH ) for the human prolactin receptor ( hPRLR ) due to the coordination of one zinc ion involving Glu 174 ( hGH ) and His 18 ( hGH ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the influence of maternal dexamethasone treatment and ambient temperature on prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) abundance in brown adipose tissue ( BAT ) and hepatic tissue from foetuses and 6 h old lambs delivered by caesarean section . ^^^ Effect of maternal dexamethasone treatment and ambient temperature on prolactin receptor abundance in Brown adipose and hepatic tissue in the foetus and new born lamb . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Anandamide ( ANA ) inhibits prolactin and nerve growth factor ( NGF ) induced proliferation of human breast cancer cells by decreasing the levels of the 100 kDa prolactin receptor ( PRLr ) and the high affinity trk NGF receptor , respectively , and by acting via CB ( 1 ) like cannabinoid receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SOCS 1 , 2 , 3 : selective targets and functions downstream of the prolactin receptor . ^^^ Using transient overexpression system the role of SOCS proteins in regulating prolactin receptor intracellular mediators leading to gene activation was analyzed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using direct R banding fluorescence in situ hybridization , we assigned five functional genes growth hormone receptor ( GHR ) , prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) , spleen tyrosine kinase ( SYK ) , aldolase B ( ALDOB ) , and muscle skeletal receptor tyrosine kinase ( MUSK ) to the chicken Z chromosome . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These findings were documented using both surface plasmon resonance and gel filtration experiments and show that ovine placental lactogen ( PL ) heterodimerizes the extracellular domains ( ECDs ) of ruminant growth hormone receptor ( GHR ) and prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Increase in prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) mRNA level in the mammary gland after hormonal induction of lactation in virgin ewes . ^^^ In order to examine the hormonal regulation of the prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) gene expression during mammary gland development , ewes were treated to induce lactation via an estrogen progesterone hydrocortisone and ovine growth hormone treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization and modulation of a prolactin receptor mRNA isoform in normal and tumoral human breast tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Multiple prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) mRNA transcript isoforms have been identified in mammals , but there are conflicting reports concerning the number of avian PRL R isoforms . ^^^ Evidence for multiple prolactin receptor transcripts in the turkey . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of the prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) gene has been investigated in various tissues of tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) reared in fresh or brackish water . ^^^ A non radioactive in situ hybridization procedure has allowed us to detect the expression of the tilapia PRL R in the branchial chloride cells and the intestinal mucosal layer of fresh water animals , confirming the direct control exerted by prolactin on the water and ionic exchanges in tilapia . ^^^ Thus , the transcriptional expression of the tilapia PRL R strongly differs from the complex RNA pattern reported for the higher vertebrates PRL R and provides an additional argument for the existence of a single PRL R for both prolactin isoforms in this fish species . . ^^^ Expression of the prolactin receptor ( tiPRL R ) gene in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus : tissue distribution and cellular localization in osmoregulatory organs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cloning and sequencing of the chicken prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) gene segment from the transmembrane domain to the box 2 motif revealed the presence of the two testis specific first exons , TSE 1 and TSE 2 , encoding the unique 5 ' end sequences of the reported and newly identified multiple 5 ' truncated PRLR transcripts containing only the cytoplasmic domain in the testis . ^^^ Two novel first exons in the prolactin receptor gene are transcribed in a tissue specific and sexual maturation dependent manner to encode multiple 5 ' truncated transcripts in the testis of the chicken . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The other row was used for determination of prolactin receptor number and affinity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Localization and signaling of the prolactin receptor in the uterus of the common marmoset monkey . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Induction of relaxin messenger RNA expression in response to prolactin receptor activation requires protein kinase C delta signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of a periovulatory prolactin imbalance on prolactin receptor expression in rat ovary cell ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of genes implicated in mammary gland tumorigenesis has been hampered by mosaic transgene expression and the findings that homozygous deletion of several candidate genes ( cyclin D 1 , Stat5A , prolactin receptor ) abrogates normal mammary gland development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These effects are due to suppression of the levels of the 100 kDa prolactin receptor or of the high affinity NGF receptors ( trk ) , are mediated by CB ( 1 ) like cannabinoid receptors , and are enhanced by other CFADs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Molecular cloning and expression studies of a prolactin receptor in goldfish ( Carassius auratus ) . ^^^ A full length cDNA clone , of a size of 4 . 6 kb , for the goldfish prolactin receptor has been isolated . ^^^ Several characteristic landmarks of prolactin receptor could be identified in this clone . ^^^ Among all the prolactin receptor sequences known to date , this clone bears the closest resemblance to the tilapia prolactin receptor , although homology between these two fish prolactin receptors is rather low . ^^^ The tissue distribution of the prolactin receptor in goldfish was studied by RT PCR / Southern analysis and by Northern analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both the long and short form of the prolactin receptor was expressed , yet only the long isoform was tyrosine phosphorylated upon agonist binding . ^^^ Functional prolactin receptor signaling was further demonstrated in the activation of JAK 2 and phosphorylation activation of the transcription factors Stat 1 , 3 , and 5a . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of oncogenes ( c myc neu ) and prolactin receptor ( PRLr ) in tissues of women with endometriosis ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because the effect of 20K hGH was almost the same as that of 22KhGH , it was suggested that the action of hGH was not mediated through prolactin receptor but through hGH receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the influence of maternal nutritional enhancement during the second half of gestation on prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) abundance in fetal brown adipose tissue ( BAT ) and liver close to term ( i . e . 141 144 d gestation ) . ^^^ Effect of maternal nutrition on brown adipose tissue and its prolactin receptor status in the fetal lamb . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue from the other row was used for measures of prolactin receptor number and affinity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effect of suckling on prolactin receptor immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus of the rat . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pituitaries were dissected out immediately after death and immunofluorescent staining was carried out on 6 micrometer sections using specific antibodies to the LHbeta subunit , FSHbeta subunit , prolactin and prolactin receptor . ^^^ Prolactin receptor immunoreactivity was found in the pars distalis , but not in the pars tuberalis , of sexually active ( July and November ) and anoestrous animals for both long and short forms of the receptor . ^^^ No prolactin receptor co localization for either form of the receptor was observed in LH or FSH gonadotrophs in either of the reproductive states examined during both summer and winter seasons . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because of its specificity , this MAb may be usefully applied in situations in which GHR and receptors with a high degree of homology , such as PRLR ( prolactin receptor ) , are expressed simultaneously , as occurs in the immune system . . ^^^ GHR shows a high degree of homology with the prolactin receptor and with the other receptors that belong to the hemopoietic receptor superfamily . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cytoplasmic domain of the prolactin receptor ( PrlR ) displays no enzymatic activity yet prolactin treatment leads to the induction of protein tyrosine phosphorylation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recombinant prolactin receptor extracellular domain of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) : subcloning , preparation , and characterization . ^^^ The cDNA of the extracellular domain of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) prolactin receptor ( trPRLR ECD ) was cloned in the prokaryotic expression vector pMON to enable its expression in Escherichia coli after induction with nalidixic acid . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of cyclosporine was not mediated by the drug ' s previously documented abilities to decrease cellular proliferation rates , inhibit calmodulin , antagonize prolactin receptor binding , or modulate prostaglandin production . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Downregulation of long form prolactin receptor mRNA during prolactin induced luteal regression . ^^^ In corpora lutea responding to a trophic prolactin signal , the long form of the prolactin receptor is the dominant form and is upregulated by prolactin . ^^^ We investigated whether mRNA for the short form of the prolactin receptor was dominant in corpora lutea responding to a lytic prolactin signal , and whether the relative concentrations of the mRNAs for both forms of the prolactin receptor were changed during this response . ^^^ Total RNA was isolated from corpora lutea and mRNA for both types of prolactin receptor were analyzed by semiquantitative RT PCR using the ribosomal protein S 16 as the internal control . ^^^ RESULTS : The intensities of the long and short form prolactin receptor signals were normalized to the S 16 internal control and expressed as relative densitometric units . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mammary gland development in prolactin receptor knockout mice . ^^^ A germ line null mutation of the prolactin receptor gene has been produced by replacing exon 5 with the Tk NEO cassette . ^^^ This work provides an ideal model to further study the role of the prolactin receptor and its ligands in mammary development and physiology . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , in vitro studies suggest that CRF related peptides can increase the sensitivity of the GnRH neuron to prolactin by increasing the synthesis of the prolactin receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mammary gland development and the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of this study was to determine the in situ expression of growth hormone receptor ( GHR ) and prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) in hepatocellular carcinomas and to compare the results with normal liver . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ternary complex between placental lactogen and the extracellular domain of the prolactin receptor . ^^^ The structure of the ternary complex between ovine placental lactogen ( oPL ) and the extracellular domain ( ECD ) of the rat prolactin receptor ( rPRLR ) reveals that two rPRLR ECDs bind to opposite sides of oPL with pseudo two fold symmetry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP 2 modulates signaling events through receptor tyrosine kinases and cytokine receptors including the receptor for prolactin ( PRLR ) . ^^^ Recruitment of the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP 2 to the C terminal tyrosine of the prolactin receptor and to the adaptor protein Gab 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sequence and functional characterisation of the marmoset monkey ( Callithrix jacchus ) prolactin receptor : comparative homology with the human long form prolactin receptor . ^^^ This study demonstrates the cloning and in vitro characterisation of the marmoset monkey ( Callithrix jacchus ) prolactin receptor cDNA . ^^^ The marmoset prolactin receptor cDNA was generated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using adrenal RNA and primers designed from prolactin receptor conserved regions . ^^^ The marmoset prolactin receptor cDNA shares 93 and 61 % base pair , and 89 and 61 % amino acid sequence homologies with the long form human and rat prolactin receptor cDNA , respectively . ^^^ The marmoset prolactin receptor cDNA sequence retains all the receptor sequences that have been shown previously to be essential for ligand binding , structural integrity and signal transduction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The latter effect was also observed with prolactin and could thus be induced through the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This is associated with strong expression of local factors associated with decidualization , including prolactin receptor and insulin like growth factor binding protein 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When antibodies to the prolactin receptor were added to an ovine prolactin ( oPRL ) solution , pigment dispersion within cultured cells was significantly inhibited , suggesting the existence of a prolactin receptor in the cell membrane . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Structural and functional effects of high prolactin levels on injured endothelial cells : evidence for an endothelial prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chinese hamster ovary ( CHO ) cells , stably transfected with the long form of rabbit mammary gland prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) cDNA were used for PRL R signal transduction studies . ^^^ Using pharmacological agents , we present new data concerning the involvement of protein phosphorylations in the early effects of prolactin on ionic channels in CHO cells expressing the long form of PRL R . ^^^ Role of protein kinases in the prolactin induced intracellular calcium rise in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In exploring the signaling for prolactin induced differentiation we found that prolactin activated the tyrosine kinase Janus kinase ( JAK ) 2 and significantly stimulated tyrosine , phosphorylation of the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) was cloned and its tissue distribution characterized in adults of the protandrous hermaphrodite marine teleost , the sea bream ( Sparus aurata ) . ^^^ Cloning , characterization , and tissue distribution of prolactin receptor in the sea bream ( Sparus aurata ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fetal prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) mRNA transcripts encoding long ( PRLR 1 ) and short forms ( PRLR 2 ) of PRLR were present in the liver and kidney of animals in the PR and control groups at 140 141 days gestation . ^^^ Restriction of fetal growth has a differential impact on fetal prolactin and prolactin receptor mRNA expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pigs of Generation 7 of two stage selection lines were genotyped for the retinol binding protein 4 ( RBP 4 , n = 190 ) and epidermal growth factor ( EGF , n = 189 ) loci , whereas pigs of Generations 7 and 8 were genotyped for the estrogen receptor ( ESR , n = 523 ) , prolactin receptor ( PRLR , n = 524 ) , follicle stimulating hormone beta ( FSHbeta , n = 520 ) , and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 ( PTGS 2 , n = 523 ) loci . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Localization of the sites of expression of the prolactin receptor indicates that the cytokine may regulate an array of functions in the pregnant uterus that are crucial in im plantation and early pregnancy . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In almost all cases , the biological activities of these analogues mediated through rat ( r ) prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) showed little or no change , despite a remarkable decrease in their capacity to bind to the extracellular domain of rPRLR and despite compromised stability of the 2 : 1 complexes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Follistatin ( FST ) , growth hormone receptor ( GHR ) and prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) genes map to the same region of sheep chromosome 16 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PURPOSE : To determine whether prolactin receptor is essential for normal development and function of the lacrimal gland and whether hyperprolactinemia can alter lacrimal development . ^^^ METHODS : Lacrimal gland morphology and function were examined in two genetic mouse models of prolactin action : a prolactin receptor knockout model that is devoid of prolactin action and a transgenic model of hyperprolactinemia . ^^^ In females , lacrimal acinar area decreased by 30 % and acinar cell density increased by 25 % over control subjects in prolactin transgenic animals , but prolactin receptor knockout mice showed no changes . ^^^ In males , transgenic animals showed no changes , but prolactin receptor knockout mice showed a 5 % reduction in acinar area and an 11 % increase in acinar cell density , which was lost after castration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cynops prolactin receptor transcripts were detected in various tissues and organs , suggesting that prolactin plays multiple roles in urodeles . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This observed oligomerization is specific because , under the same conditions , epitope tagged EpoR did not oligomerize with several other tagged receptors ( thrombopoietin receptor , transforming growth factor beta receptor type 2 , or prolactin receptor ) . ^^^ Strikingly , the EpoR transmembrane ( TM ) domain but not the extracellular or intracellular domains enabled the prolactin receptor to copatch with EpoR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CMT U 335 cells spontaneously express the growth hormone receptor ( GHR ) as well as the prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Anxiolytic and anti stress effects of brain prolactin : improved efficacy of antisense targeting of the prolactin receptor by molecular modeling . ^^^ Receptor autoradiography confirmed the expected improvement in the efficacy of downregulation of prolactin receptor expression [ empirically designed antisense , 30 % ; p > 0 . 05 , not significant ; adjustment of target position after mRNA modeling , 72 % ; p < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor signal transduction pathways and actions determined in prolactin receptor knockout mice . ^^^ Prolactin receptor deficient mice are a good model in which to study the various actions of prolactin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor heterogeneity : processing and signalling of the long and short isoforms during development . ^^^ Distinct prolactin receptor isoforms , having different cytoplasmic domains generated by alternative splicing , are expressed as development proceeds at different levels in different organs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Increased maternal food intake results in increases in levels of UCP 1 and the short form of the prolactin receptor , but in a decrease in adipose tissue content per kg of fetus . ^^^ The ontogeny of the long and short forms of the prolactin receptor follows that of UCP 1 , to peak at birth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fetuses with restricted growth are characterized by tissue specific reductions in hormone receptor mRNA , for example mRNA for the long form of prolactin receptor is reduced in adipose tissue . ^^^ In contrast , the adipose tissue of fetuses with accelerated growth , stimulated by increasing maternal nutrition in the second half of gestation , has more protein for the long form of the prolactin receptor and more uncoupling protein 1 , by which large amounts of heat are generated at birth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since the presence of prolactin receptors was earlier demonstrated in hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons , our working hypothesis was that prolactin induced activation of prolactin receptor coupled signaling leads to increased neuronal activity in these neurons . ^^^ The aim of this study was to correlate prolactin receptor mediated signaling and prolactin induced activation in hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons . ^^^ We used nuclear translocation of STAT 5 as a marker of prolactin receptor induced signaling and expression of Fos related antigens ( FRAs ) as an indicator of neuronal activation . ^^^ These results suggest that signal transduction mechanisms coupled to prolactin receptors in hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons resemble those observed in other tissues ; and nuclear translocation of STAT 5 can be used as a marker of prolactin receptor activation in hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Isolation and characterization of two novel forms of the human prolactin receptor generated by alternative splicing of a newly identified exon 11 . ^^^ We have identified a novel exon 11 of the human prolactin receptor ( hPRLR ) gene that is distinct from its rodent counterparts and have demonstrated the presence of two novel short forms of the hPRLR ( S 1 ( a ) and S 1 ( b ) ) , which are derived from alternative splicing of exons 10 and 11 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Quantification of prolactin receptor mRNA in multiple human tissues and cancer cell lines by real time RT PCR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In many species the placenta provides a source of lactogenic hormones in the circulation , ensuring the continued presence of a hormone capable of activating the prolactin receptor throughout pregnancy . ^^^ Moreover , a number of hypothalamic nuclei , including the paraventricular , supraoptic and ventromedial nuclei , in which prolactin receptors were not detected in diestrous rats , were found to express significant amounts of prolactin receptor during lactation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Other studies are discussed which support the involvement of the prolactin receptor in the endocrine regulation of maternal behavior using prolactin receptor antagonist and ' knock out ' models in rats and mice , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of prolactin and the 16 kDa prolactin fragment on retinal endothelial cell proliferation was investigated , and the expression of the cloned prolactin receptor was analyzed by RT PCR and Southern blot analysis . ^^^ No evidence was obtained for the expression of the cloned prolactin receptor in these cells , but the prolactin receptor was amplified in whole rat retina . ^^^ That the cloned prolactin receptor was not expressed in these cells argues against direct autocrine effects of prolactin . ^^^ Possible paracrine effects are suggested by the expression of the prolactin receptor in retinal tissue . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : In normal cases , prolactin receptor positivity was seen only on the luminal borders of the epithelial cells lining ducts and acini . ^^^ A significant direct correlation was found between prolactin receptor and oestrogen receptor staining when only cases that scored more than 100 / 300 for the latter receptor , using the H scoring system , were considered ( p = 0 . 0207 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , we identified that bcl 10 RNA levels in mammary tissue from prolactin receptor and Stat 5 null mice were indistinguishable from wild type mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Relative localization of the prolactin receptor binding sites for lactogenic hormones . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine whether the prolactin receptor ( PrlR ) , Stat 5 , and Bcl 10 were required for establishment and maintenance of the corpus luteum , we induced pseudopregnancies in the respective gene deletion mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of prolactin messenger ribonucleic acid ( n = 50 ) and prolactin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid ( n = 50 ) was studied by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transfer of tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) to a hyperosmotic environment is associated with sustained expression of prolactin receptor in intestine , gill , and kidney . ^^^ Expression of the tilapia prolactin receptor ( tiPRL R ) has been characterized in the intestine of Oreochromis niloticus and the levels of both tiPRL R transcripts and tiPRL binding sites have been further analyzed in this organ , as well as in gill and kidney , during adaptation of tilapia to a hyperosmotic environment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Many membrane receptors have truncated soluble forms that circulate in the blood , and a protein in serum with characteristics of the extracellular domain of the human prolactin receptor has recently been identified . ^^^ Because the extracellular domain of the prolactin receptor binds human growth hormone , does the prolactin binding protein in serum affect the amount of bound circulating growth hormone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Miyoshi et al . compared the role of the prolactin receptor ( PrlR ) and its downstream mediator , the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 ( Stat 5 ) , in mammary epithelial cells in vivo by studying PrlR / and Stat5ab / mouse mammary epithelial transplants during pregnancy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three diallelic RFLP markers at candidate gene loci for litter size , the estrogen receptor ( ESR ) gene , the prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) gene , and the retinol binding protein 4 ( RBP 4 ) gene , were evaluated for their association with the number of piglets born alive in different German pig lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Detection of prolactin receptor mRNA in the corpus striatum and substantia nigra of the rat . ^^^ The observation of prolactin modulation of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system suggests the expression of prolactin receptor in the corpus striatum or substantia nigra . ^^^ The present study investigated expression of prolactin receptor mRNA in tissues microdissected from the corpus striatum and substantia nigra of the rat . ^^^ By using reverse transcription PCR combined with Southern hybridization , the long form of prolactin receptor mRNA was detected in the substantia nigra , caudate putamen , globus pallidus , and ventral pallidum in ovariectomized rats , whereas the short form was not detectable in any of these areas . ^^^ By using the RNase protection assay , the expression of both short and long forms of prolactin receptor mRNA was observed in the corpus striatum in ovariectomized rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor diversity in humans : novel isoforms suggest general principles . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ratio of prolactin receptor isoforms in rat hepatocytes : the effect of obstructive cholestasis ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Seasonal patterns of hair growth are governed , at least in part , by levels of prolactin in circulation , and although receptors for prolactin ( PRLR ) have been demonstrated in hair follicles , little is known of their regulation in relation to follicular cycles . ^^^ In this study , a photoperiod generated increase in prolactin was used to induce a wool follicle cycle during which changes in PRLR expression in sheep skin were determined by ribonuclease protection assay and in situ hybridisation . mRNA for prolactin and both isoforms of PRLR were also detected in skin by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction . ^^^ As circulating prolactin began to rise from low levels , PRLR mRNA in the skin initially fell . ^^^ Further increase in prolactin resulted in up regulation of PRLR during telogen ( dormancy ) , particularly in the epithelial hair germ , to reach a peak during proanagen ( reactivation ) . ^^^ Hence , this longer term rise and fall of PRLR expression followed that of plasma prolactin concentration with a lag of 12 14 days . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Null mutation of the prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) gene leads to female sterility due to a failure of embryo implantation . ^^^ Characterization of a prolactin regulated gene in reproductive tissues using the prolactin receptor knockout mouse model . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There was an association between serum prolactin concentrations and PRLR expression in normal tissue but not in endometriotic tissue . ^^^ The absence of the PRLR in the endometriotic tissues could not be correlated with the serum prolactin levels . ^^^ Prolactin receptor in human endometriotic tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transcription of the prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) is under the control of multiple promoters . ^^^ Complex 5 ' genomic structure of the human prolactin receptor : multiple alternative exons 1 and promoter utilization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since the thymus is the primary location of the T cell lymphopoiesis , we investigated the effect of trauma haemorrhage to thymic prolactin receptor ( PRLr ) expression in male and proestrus female mice in three different age groups ( young , adult , aged ) by flow cytometry and PCR . ^^^ Trauma haemorrhage induced alterations in thymic prolactin receptor expression : implications in immune dysfunction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In PM females the lactogenic activity was twice that of controls at day 12 whereas all beta cells expressed the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To avoid the inadvertent effect of thrombopoietin , we used a chimeric receptor , PM R , composed of the extracellular domain of the prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) and the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of Mpl . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cytokine hormones prolactin and erythropoietin mediate tissue specific developmental outcomes by activating their cognate receptors , prolactin receptor ( PrlR ) and erythropoietin receptor ( EpoR ) , respectively . ^^^ The signaling domain of the erythropoietin receptor rescues prolactin receptor mutant mammary epithelium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Binding of prolactin to its cognate receptor ( Prl R ) leads to activation of the Jak 2 tyrosine kinase and the recruitment / tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5a . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using goldfish gill membrane as the substrate for prolactin receptor binding , both recombinant and native forms of goldfish prolactin were effective in displacing the specific binding of the radioligand in a similar dose range , suggesting that the fusion protein was refolded properly and could be recognized by goldfish prolactin receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Specifically , the seasonal and gonadal effects on distribution , density and hormonal identity of gonadotrophs , the existence of gonadotroph lactotroph associations and the expression of prolactin receptors ( PRL R ) as possible morphological bases for the differential control of gonadotrophin secretion were investigated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Exercise increases prolactin receptor expression on human lymphocytes . ^^^ Therefore , this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of acute graded , maximal treadmill exercise on prolactin receptor expression by lymphocytes . ^^^ Plasma prolactin concentrations were significantly elevated in response to exercise and correlated positively with total prolactin receptor expression per B lymphocyte . ^^^ An increase in total prolactin receptor expression per B lymphocyte in response to exercise also was observed . ^^^ In addition , exercise significantly increased the total number of circulating B lymphocytes expressing prolactin receptor as well as the total number of circulating B lymphocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , similar changes in the level and pattern of prolactin receptor ( PrlR ) expression were observed while screening for differentially expressed genes in C / EBPbeta ( null ) mice . ^^^ Disruption of steroid and prolactin receptor patterning in the mammary gland correlates with a block in lobuloalveolar development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We examined the specific contributions of the prolactin receptor ( PrlR ) and the signal transducers and activators of transcription 5a and 5b ( referred to as Stat 5 ) in the formation and differentiation of mammary alveolar epithelium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In particular , we summarise evidence for a brain prolactin receptor mediated anxiolytic action both in female and male rats , and for inhibitory actions on the reactivity of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal ( HPA ) axis and the neurohypophysial oxytocin system . ^^^ At this time , there is an increase in brain prolactin receptor expression and binding , and an increase in hypothalamic prolactin gene expression . ^^^ In the absence of a selective prolactin receptor antagonist , complementary approaches including chronic intracerebral infusion of prolactin , and antisense targeting of the long form of the brain prolactin receptor were used to investigate the actions of prolactin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Estradiol stimulates expression of two human prolactin receptor isoforms with alternative exons 1 in T47D breast cancer cells . ^^^ Human prolactin receptor ( hPRLR ) expression is regulated by estradiol 17beta ( E ( 2 ) ) in vivo in animal tissues , and in vitro in normal human endometrial cells and in MCF 7 human breast cancer cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ectopic IGF 2 expression restores alveologenesis in prolactin receptor ( / ) epithelium . ^^^ IGF 2 and prolactin receptor mRNAs colocalize in the mammary epithelium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Behavioral estrus and components of litter size at Day 35 / 36 of pregnancy were studied in gilts with prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) genotype AA ( n=9 ) , AB ( n=25 ) , and BB ( n=22 ) . ^^^ Components of litter size in gilts with different prolactin receptor genotypes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor gene expression in the forebrain of pregnant and lactating rats . ^^^ Knowledge of the change in expression of the prolactin receptor in the brain across pregnancy and lactation , however , is limited . ^^^ Prolactin receptor gene expression was determined by in situ hybridization histochemistry during pregnancy and lactation in rats . ^^^ Expression of the mRNA for the longform of the prolactin receptor ( PRL R L ) was measured in various forebrain structures in primigravid rats at different stages of pregnancy , in primiparous rats during early , mid , and late lactation , and in age matched , nulliparous females in diestrus . ^^^ Hybridizations were performed using a [ 33P ] labeled riboprobe specific for the long form of the prolactin receptor mRNA complimentary to 290 bp of the prolactin receptor gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of cortisol on the abundance of adipose tIssue mitochondrial proteins on both the inner ( i . e . uncoupling protein ( UCP ) 1 ) and outer ( i . e . voltage dependent anion channel ( VDAC ) ) mitochondrial membrane , together with the long and short forms of the prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) protein and leptin mRNA was determined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , no prolactin receptor transcripts were detected in the same epithelial cells suggesting that the observed changes in FcRn alpha and beta ( 2 ) microglobulin gene expression in the proximal intestine are not modulated directly by prolactin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using transient co overexpression studies of the prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) and several tyrosine to phenylalanine mutants of SHP 2 , we show that grb 2 associates with SHP 2 through the C terminal tyrosine residues of SHP 2 , Y ( 546 ) and Y ( 584 ) . ^^^ The adaptor function of SHP 2 downstream of the prolactin receptor is required for the recruitment of p 29 , a substrate of SHP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study examined the extent to which abundance of the prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) and a range of primary mitochondrial proteins are influenced by either maternal nutrition and / or fetal number in adipose tissue . ^^^ Differential effects of fetal number and maternal nutrition in late gestation on prolactin receptor abundance and adipose tissue development in the neonatal lamb . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) mRNA was detected in glandular epithelium on all postpartum days , whereas mRNA for uterine milk protein ( UTMP ) , an index of secretory capacity of glandular epithelium , was present only on postpartum day 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue distribution of prolactin receptor mRNA during late stage embryogenesis of the chick . ^^^ In order to elucidate the function of prolactin at this period , tissue distribution of prolactin receptor mRNA was examined by RNase protection assay . ^^^ The expression levels of the prolactin receptor mRNA in the kidney , intestine , and allantoic membrane were retained at constant levels during later stages of embryogenesis ( Days 17 and 19 ) and posthatch periods ( 2 and 28 d after hatching ) . ^^^ These results suggest that prolactin is mainly involved in the osmoregulation during the later stage of embryogenesis and that the expression of prolactin receptor mRNA in the kidney , intestine , and allantoic membrane is regulated by a serum prolactin independent manner . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The biological actions of oPL in vitro are mediated by homodimerization of the prolactin receptor ( oPRLR ) and heterodimerization of the oPRLR and oGH receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , TfSTAT 5 could not induce the transcription of beta casein promoter via rat prolactin and Nb 2 prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We used a luteal cell line ( GG CL ) that expresses the prolactin receptor but does not produce progesterone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results showed that co transfection of STAT5a or prolactin receptor can enhance Dpagt 2 promoter activities in the promoter construct pGL MX 6 ( from base pairs 386 to 5 ) , but not in the promoter construct pGL MX 7 ( from base pairs 322 to 5 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We demonstrate here that a functional interaction occurs between the prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) and peptidyl prolyl cis / trans isomerase cyclophilin A ( CypA ) . ^^^ A novel and functional interaction between cyclophilin A and prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One is a transcriptional bioassay generated by stably transfecting 293 human embryonic kidney fibroblasts using two plasmids , encoding the human prolactin receptor ( hPRLR ) and the PRL responsive lactogenic hormone response element luciferase reporter gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mechanisms underlying hormonal regulation of prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) gene in the brain are unknown . ^^^ Promoter usage and estrogen regulation of prolactin receptor gene in the brain of the female rat . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Residues necessary for functional binding to the prolactin receptor are clustered on the prolactin surface in a position similar to growth hormone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Targeted expression of the dominant negative prolactin receptor in the mammary gland of transgenic mice results in impaired lactation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CIS 1 interacts with the Y 532 of the prolactin receptor and suppresses prolactin dependent STAT 5 activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor signaling during platelet activation . ^^^ To elucidate the molecular mechanisms for the development of venous thrombosis , prolactin receptor signaling during platelet activation was investigated with a focus on ADP stimulated G protein regulated signaling pathways . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prostate development and carcinogenesis in prolactin receptor knockout mice . ^^^ To address this question , we investigated prostate development , gene expression , and simian virus 40 ( SV 40 ) T induced prostate carcinogenesis in prolactin receptor knockout mice . ^^^ The area of SV40T induced prostate intraepithelial neoplasia was reduced by 28 % in the ventral lobe but not the dorsal lobe , and no tumors were seen in 20 prolactin receptor knockout animals , compared with 1 of 11 detected in wild type and 4 of 21 found in heterozygous animals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The prolactin receptor ( PrlR ) is a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily that lacks an intrinsic kinase domain and relies on the cytoplasmic Jak tyrosine kinases to transduce signals . ^^^ Prolactin induced Jak 2 activation and consequent tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor and downstream signaling molecules have been studied , but phosphorylation of the PrlR on serine or threonine residues has not been reported . ^^^ Interestingly , the T391A PrlR mutant exhibited increased basal and prolactin induced tyrosine phosphorylation compared with the wild type receptor . ^^^ Threonine 391 phosphorylation of the human prolactin receptor mediates a novel interaction with 14 3 3 proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Development of pure prolactin receptor antagonists . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue from the other row was used for measures of prolactin receptor number and affinity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HEK 293T cells transiently transfected with ovine ( o ) GH receptor ( GHR ) and prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) constructs respectively tagged downstream with cyan or yellow fluorescent proteins were used to study ovine placental lactogen ( oPL ) stimulated heterodimerization by fluorescence resonance energy transfer ( FRET ) microscopy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) expression in the brain is increased in lactating rats compared with non pregnant animals . ^^^ The up regulation of PRL R mRNA and protein expression in the choroid plexus during pregnancy and lactation suggest a possible mechanism whereby increasing levels of peripheral prolactin during pregnancy may have access to the central nervous system . ^^^ Together with expression of long form PRL R mRNA in specific hypothalamic nuclei , these results support a role for prolactin in regulating neuroendocrine and behavioural adaptations in the maternal brain . . ^^^ Quantitation of prolactin receptor mRNA in the maternal rat brain during pregnancy and lactation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The distribution of mRNA for the short form of the prolactin receptor in the forebrain of the female rat . ^^^ Although the cell specific distribution of the long form of the prolactin receptor has been examined using in situ hybridization in the rat brain , the cell specific distribution of the short form has not been described . ^^^ In this study we mapped the distribution of neurons and other cells expressing the short from of the receptor transcript in the forebrain , ovary , and uterus of the female rat by using in situ hybridization with a 33P labeled cRNA probe specific for the short form of the prolactin receptor mRNA ( PRL SR mRNA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SHP 2 regulates SOCS 1 mediated Janus kinase 2 ubiquitination / degradation downstream of the prolactin receptor . ^^^ The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP 2 is an important regulator of the Janus kinase 2 ( Jak 2 ) / signal transducer and activator of transcription ( Stat ) pathway downstream of the cytokine / prolactin receptor family . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since some 20 and 22 kDa hGH biological activities are not identical , we decided to map the prolactin ( PRLR ) and growth hormone receptor ( GHR ) binding sites for both isoforms . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in human prolactin receptor antagonist ( hPRL G129R ) induced apoptosis , we used real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to measure bax and bcl 2 gene expression in 11 human breast cancer cell lines following treatment with hPRL and hPRL G129R . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because integrins organize the cytoskeleton , we analysed the contribution of the cytoskeleton to prolactin receptor activation and the resultant stimulation of milk protein gene expression . ^^^ However , actin networks and microtubules are both necessary for continued mammary cell differentiation , because cytoskeletal integrity is required to transduce the signals between prolactin receptor and Stat 5 , a transcription factor necessary for milk protein gene transcription . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Development of new prolactin analogs acting as pure prolactin receptor antagonists . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The PCR RFLP technique was applied to analyze the distribution of estrogen receptor ( ESR ) gene , follicle stimulating hormone beta subunit ( FSH beta ) gene and prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) gene in three lines of Jinhua pigs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mechanistically , it appears that prolactin has a causal relationship with the observed dairy performance effects during the dry period and on immune function , via altered sensitivity to prolactin through differential expression of prolactin receptor in multiple tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , human GH ( hGH ) can also bind to prolactin receptors , eliciting prolactin receptor mediated effects . ^^^ Normal and hypophysectomized ( Hx ) male rats were given either hGH or bovine GH , the latter unable to bind to the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we demonstrate a novel mechanism by which SHP 1 down regulates the Janus kinase 2 ( Jak 2 ) / signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 ( Stat 5 ) pathway downstream of the prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) and the erythropoietin receptor ( EPOR ) in a catalytic activity independent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of prolactin receptor and response to prolactin stimulation of human NK cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Based on our previous identification of a dominant negative mutation in the growth hormone receptor that causes familial short stature , we investigated the potential for using a similar truncated mutant of the prolactin receptor ( PRLR 1 242 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Seasonal environmental changes modulate the prolactin receptor expression in an eurythermal fish . ^^^ Here , we report the cloning and characterization of a full length carp prolactin receptor cDNA , which codes for the long form of the protein resembling that found in mammalian prolactin receptors . ^^^ The distinctive pattern of expression that carp prolactin receptor ( cPRLr ) depicts upon seasonal acclimatization supports the hypothesis that prolactin and its receptor are clearly involved in the new homeostatic stage that the eurythermal fish needs to survive during the cyclical changes of its habitat . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study investigated the presence of any mutation or polymorphism of prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) in 38 patients with breast cancer . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Polymorphism of prolactin receptors might play a role in mammary carcinogenesis as a consequence of intracellular changes of PRLR signalling . . ^^^ Could prolactin receptor gene polymorphism play a role in pathogenesis of breast carcinoma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of prolactin receptor mRNA in oestrogen receptor positive breast cancers pre and post tamoxifen therapy . ^^^ Prolactin receptor mRNA , determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction , was then expressed relative to 18S ribosomal RNA . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Tamoxifen reduces expression of mRNA encoding the prolactin receptor in a sub group of breast tumours and might provide the basis for a predictive test for tamoxifen therapy . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results of RT PCR and immunoblot assays indicated that human prostatic carcinoma cells ( PC 3 cells ) express the long form of the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To further the understanding that the structural development of the Cynops ensicauda abdominal gland and the synthesis of the pheromone silefrin in the gland are under the control of prolactin and androgen , we sought to demonstrate the presence of prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) mRNA in the gland . ^^^ Expression of prolactin receptor mRNA in the abdominal gland of the newt Cynops ensicauda . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pituitary gland pituitary factor 1 ( Pit 1 ) , dopamine 2 receptor ( D2R ) , and prolactin receptor mRNA expression were measured in the pituitary gland . ^^^ Rats fed the ZD diet had lower D2R , prolactin receptor , and Pit 1 mRNA levels , whereas rats fed the MZD diet had lower prolactin receptor and Pit 1 mRNA levels compared with control rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interferon tau upregulates prolactin receptor mRNA in the ovine endometrium during the peri implantation period . ^^^ Our objective was to determine the effect of ovine interferon tau ( IFN tau ) on prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) gene expression in the ovine endometrium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pregnancy failure also required the proinflammatory cytokine TNF alpha and correlated with the luteal induction of the prolactin receptor signaling inhibitors suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 ( Socs 1 ) and Socs 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human prolactin receptor variants in breast cancer : low ratio of short forms to the long form human prolactin receptor associated with mammary carcinoma . ^^^ Quantification of differential expression of prolactin receptor variants by real time PCR in 15 pairs of human normal and tumor breast matched tissues revealed a similar significant decrease in the ratio of SF to LF in the tumor tissue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Molecular cloning of bullfrog prolactin receptor cDNA : changes in prolactin receptor mRNA level during metamorphosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Multiple new isoforms of the human prolactin receptor gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , the reduced OAS expression may result in modulation of prolactin receptor signaling and thus contribute to suppression of REMS . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have investigated the mechanism by which human prolactin ( hPRL ) binds the extracellular domain of the human prolactin receptor ( hPRLbp ) using surface plasmon resonance ( SPR ) technology . ^^^ These data support an `` induced fit ' ' model for prolactin receptor binding where binding of the first receptor to hPRL induces a conformation change in the hormone creating the second receptor binding site . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin and the prolactin receptor : new targets of an old hormone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using Northern blot , we showed that levels of kappa casein and prolactin receptor mRNA were not affected by the treatments . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Influence of obstructive cholestasis and sex hormones on the ratio of mRNA of two alternative prolactin receptor isoforms in rat hepatocytes . ^^^ The effects of obstructive cholestasis and sex hormones on the total content of prolactin receptor mRNA and ratio of mRNAs of its short and long isoforms have been studied in rat hepatocytes . ^^^ Obstructive cholestasis caused insignificant changes in total content of prolactin receptor mRNA , but the proportion of mRNA of the long isoform increased . ^^^ Comparison of prolactin receptor mRNA levels in gonadectomized and intact animals revealed opposite effects of male and female sex hormones on total mRNA , but both groups of these hormones increased the proportion of prolactin receptor short form mRNA . ^^^ Obstructive cholestasis and sex hormones are suggested to regulate the content of long and short prolactin receptor isoforms in hepatocytes independently . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Different elements of mini helix 1 are required for human growth hormone or prolactin action via the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro bioassays , based on the proliferation of cell lines expressing the prolactin receptor or GH receptor , are sensitive but prone to nonspecific interference by factors present in serum . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Novel association of Vav 2 and Nek 3 modulates signaling through the human prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Based on studies using NMuMG cells and mammary tissue from heterozygous prolactin receptor knockout mice , we also demonstrate that prolactin has a direct effect in the maintenance of the NF 1 C2 protein levels in the mammary epithelial nuclei at the virgin stage and during pregnancy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Elf 5 expression was reduced in Prolactin receptor ( Prlr ) heterozygous mammary glands , which phenocopy Elf 5 ( + / ) glands , suggesting that Elf 5 and Prlr are in the same pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we show that mRNA of prolactin receptor is expressed in 5 out of 9 ovarian carcinoma cell lines , 15 out of 17 cases of surgical samples and all of normal ovarian surface epithelium , while prolactin transcript is detected only in 1 ovarian carcinoma cell line and in 1 of the surgical samples . ^^^ For the prolactin receptor positive ovarian carcinoma cells , exogenous prolactin did not affect the proliferation but markedly inhibited apoptosis . ^^^ The blocking of prolactin receptor by antibody severely impaired the antiapoptotic and growth promoting effects of prolactin . ^^^ Interestingly , the cisplatin induced cell death of the prolactin receptor positive cells was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with prolactin . ^^^ These findings indicate a responsiveness of ovarian carcinomas to prolactin and suggest that the prolactin / prolactin receptor system may be a new therapeutic target of ovarian carcinomas . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The model relates changes in plasma prolactin concentration to prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) gene expression , and can be used for predictive purposes . ^^^ Mathematical modelling of prolactin receptor interaction and the corollary for prolactin receptor gene expression in skin . ^^^ The model incorporates the kinetics of prolactin receptor interactions and subsequent signalling by prolactin receptor dimers to regulate the production of receptor mRNA and hence the receptor population . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In animals , the transgenic expression of hGH has been shown to act directly , by activating the prolactin receptor , to increase the incidence of mammary and prostate tumours . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) mRNA transcript level was quantified in the choroid plexus ( ChP ) of a naturally biparental hamster , Phodopus campbelli , and its otherwise similar , yet nonpaternal , sibling species , Phodopus sungorus . ^^^ In the ChP , a region implicated in prolactin transport into the central nervous system , females had the expected increase in PRL R mRNA transcript from dioestrus to L 5 , consistent with known actions of prolactin . ^^^ Male and female prolactin receptor mRNA expression in the brain of a biparental and a uniparental hamster , phodopus , before and after the birth of a litter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Development and potential clinical uses of human prolactin receptor antagonists . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Localization of prolactin receptor in the newt brain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Efforts have been focused on the development of prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) antagonists , which , it is hoped , will be useful therapeutics for breast , prostate and possibly other cancers . ^^^ Prolactin receptor antagonists . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to the known four alternative first exons E 1 ( 1 ) , E 1 ( 2 ) , E 1 ( 3 ) and E 1 ( 4 ) of the rat prolactin receptor ( PRL R ) gene , a novel first exon , E 1 ( 5 ) , was identified by cDNA cloning of the 5 ' end region of PRL R mRNA in the rat liver . ^^^ Differential effects of sex steroid hormones on the expression of multiple first exons including a novel first exon of prolactin receptor gene in the rat liver . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the effect of maternal nutritional manipulation through gestation on fetal adipose tissue deposition in conjunction with mRNA abundance for uncoupling protein ( UCP ) 1 and 2 , peroxisome proliferator activated receptors ( PPAR ) alpha and gamma , together with long and short forms of the prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Titration of human prolactin with the extracellular domain of the human prolactin receptor was followed by NMR , gel filtration and electrophoresis . ^^^ This is in stark contrast to the widely held view that the ternary prolactin receptor complex is only transiently formed . ^^^ Thus , our results lead to improved understanding of the prolactin prolactin receptor interaction . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor mRNA expression in oocytes and preimplantation mouse embryos . ^^^ Studies with knockout animals have shown that prolactin receptor deficient mice present reproductive defects , whereas prolactin promotes the developmental potential of preimplantation mouse and rat embryos in vitro . ^^^ To better understand the role of prolactin in the process of reproduction and early embryo development in mice , the expression of the four transcript variants of prolactin receptor was examined in the first stages of mouse embryo development . ^^^ Prolactin receptor type S 1 mRNA was observed only in cumulus cells , while S 2 mRNA was present in cumulus cells , oocytes , zygotes and 2 cell embryos . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The review is illustrated by data on different regulation by sex hormones and obstructive cholestasis of expression of prolactin receptor isoforms in rat hepatocytes and epithelial cells of bile ducts . ^^^ The mathematical model is introduced for estimation of intensity of prolactin induced signal cascades on the basis of experimentally measured parameters of prolactin receptor expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Progress on prolactin receptor gene ] . ^^^ This review introduced the structure of prolactin receptor , the developmental expression and function , action mechanism and molecular regulation , mapping of prolactin receptor gene and its relationship with reproductive traits . ^^^ These revealed that prolactin receptor gene could be used as a candidate gene for reproductive traits . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To analyze prolactin effects on the thyroid gland , we first identified prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) mRNAs by in situ hybridization . ^^^ Whereas the histologic structure of thyroid of PRLR null mice was not disturbed , we show that T 4 levels are lower in null animals ( 13 . 63 + / 2 . 98 versus 10 . 78 + / 2 . 25 pmol / L in null mice ) , confirming that prolactin participates in the control of thyroid metabolism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we address the role of the collagen receptor DDR 1 in integrating extracellular matrix derived signaling with the lactogenic pathway initiated by the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effect of the polymorphism of prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) and leptin ( LEP ) genes on litter size in Polish pigs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated whether long form prolactin receptor ( PRL R ( L ) ) mRNA is present on TIDA neurones in nonpregnant and lactating rats . ^^^ These data show that the loss of responsiveness to prolactin occurring during lactation is not due to down regulation of long form PRL R gene expression on TIDA neurones . ^^^ Expression of mRNA for prolactin receptor ( long form ) in dopamine and pro opiomelanocortin neurones in the arcuate nucleus of non pregnant and lactating rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we examined the effect of ligand on the endogenous `` long ' ' isoform of the prolactin receptor in breast cancer cells . ^^^ Prolactin also resulted in the concomitant appearance of a cell associated prolactin receptor fragment containing the extracellular domain . ^^^ The prolactin receptor fragment was labeled by surface biotinylation and independent of protein synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Loss of this transcription factor results in increased steroid and prolactin receptor expression concomitant with a 10 fold decrease in proliferation in response to pregnancy hormones . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This response was inhibited by the prolactin receptor antagonist Delta 1 9 G129R human prolactin and the JAK inhibitor AG 490 , but was unaffected by selected serine / threonine kinase inhibitors ( H 89 , KN 93 , bisindolymaleimide , or PD 98059 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Study of the underlying mechanism of the stimulation of hepatic IGF 1 expression showed that E ( 2 ) restored downregulated receptor signaling systems , such as the estrogen receptor alpha and the prolactin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The elevated expression of the prolactin receptor in carcinomas concomitant with several components of the mitogenic prolactin signaling pathway implicated prolactin / prolactin receptor / Stat5a / cyclin D 1 in rat mammary gland malignancy . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor signaling mediates the osmotic response of embryonic zebrafish lactotrophs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pregnancy increased long prolactin receptors ( PRL R ( L ) ) and ERalpha mRNAs in liver and PRL R ( 1 ) in mammary gland . ^^^ HT decreased PRL R ( L ) , at the end of pregnancy ( G 21 ) , ERalpha ( in G 21 and L 1 ) in liver and PRL R ( L ) in L 1 as well as short prolactin receptors ( PRL R ( S ) ) ( G 7 , L 1 ) and ERbeta ( G 7 , G 14 , L 4 ) in mammary gland . ^^^ The aim of this study was to examine , using semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) the changes in mRNA expression of the two estrogen receptor ( ER ) subtypes , ERalpha and ERbeta , prolactin receptor long and short form , and progesterone ( Pg ) receptor ( PgR ) , in liver and mammary gland during gestation , early lactation , and weaning in both hyperthyroid ( HT ) and normal rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , prolactin receptor ( PrlR ) expression and its regulation have been described only for hepatocytes . ^^^ Our results demonstrate that the expression pattern and regulation of PrlR isoforms is totally different in cholangiocytes compared with hepatocytes : ( 1 ) mature rat cholangiocytes express low levels of PrlR , while it is very high in hepatocytes , ( 2 ) only the long isoform is detected in cholangiocytes , while the short isoform predominates in hepatocytes and ( 3 ) PrlR levels in cholangiocytes are induced by obstructive cholestasis , but not by sex hormones or prolactin , while it is the opposite in hepatocytes . ^^^ Long isoform of prolactin receptor predominates in rat intrahepatic bile ducts and further increases under obstructive cholestasis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To explore this largely unknown genetic program , we constructed transcript profiles derived from transplanted mammary glands formed by recombination of prolactin receptor ( Prlr ) knockout or wild type mammary epithelium with wild type mammary stroma . ^^^ Homozygous null mutation of Socs 2 rescued the failure of lactation and reduction of mammary signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 phosphorylation that characterizes Prlr heterozygous mice , demonstrating that mammary Socs 2 is a key regulator of the prolactin signaling pathway . ^^^ Reexpression of Elf 5 in Prlr nullizygous mammary epithelium restored lobuloalveolar development and milk production , demonstrating that Elf 5 is a transcription factor capable of substituting for prolactin signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The prolactin receptor gene ( PRLR ) , located on chromosome 16 in pigs , is a candidate gene for reproductive traits . ^^^ Associations between the prolactin receptor gene polymorphism and reproductive traits of boars . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We herein report new evidence that the QTL effect on chromosome 20 in Finnish Ayrshire can be explained by variation in two distinct genes , growth hormone receptor ( GHR ) and prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) . ^^^ The role of the bovine growth hormone receptor and prolactin receptor genes in milk , fat and protein production in Finnish Ayrshire dairy cattle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The presence of prolactin receptor and peculiarities of its isoform expression in bile duct cells ( cholangiocytes ) differentially isolated from rat liver under different conditions were investigated in the present study . ^^^ Normal cholangiocytes express prolactin receptor at relatively low level comparable to those of some prolactin dependent tissues . ^^^ The prolactin receptor level increases significantly under obstructive cholestasis due to evaluation of long and appearance of short isoforms . ^^^ In rat cholangiocytes , unlike other tissues , the main positive regulators of prolactin receptor expression are cholestasis induced factors instead of sex hormone and prolactin levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Complementary DNAs of three recombinant proteins related to the prolactin family : ovine placental lactogen ( oPL ) , ovine prolactin ( oPRL ) , and rabbit soluble extracellular domain of prolactin receptor ( rbPRLR ECD ) were subcloned by different methods and inserted into prokaryotic expression plasmids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mRNA expression for leptin , prolactin receptor and uncoupling protein ( UCP ) 1 in fetal perirenal fat was equivalent between groups , but , irrespective of maternal nutrition , UCP 1 mRNA levels were negatively correlated with fetal weight ( P < 0 . 01 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ligand independent homo and heterodimerization of human prolactin receptor variants : inhibitory action of the short forms by heterodimerization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To demonstrate that this methodology can lead to targetable ligand receptor systems , we validated one of the pancreas homing peptides as a mimic peptide of natural prolactin receptor ligands . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our study indicates that hGH stimulates rise in [ Ca ( 2+ ) ] ( 1 ) and insulin secretion mainly through activation of the prolactin receptor and JAK 2 and Src kinases in rat insulin secreting cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A novel estradiol / estrogen receptor alpha dependent transcriptional mechanism controls expression of the human prolactin receptor . ^^^ Estradiol ( E ( 2 ) ) induces human prolactin receptor ( hPRLR ) gene expression through stimulation of its generic promoter ( PIII ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prolactin receptor mRNA abundance decreased ( P < 0 . 001 ) , and IGFBP 5 mRNA abundance increased ( P < 0 . 01 ) in nonsuckled and transiently suckled glands after parturition compared with regularly suckled glands . ^^^ Furthermore , a high prolactin receptor transcription and a low IGFBP 5 transcription seem important for maintaining a functional mammary gland during lactation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the medial preoptic area and arcuate nucleus ( regions involved in regulating maternal behavior and prolactin secretion , respectively ) , the level of long form prolactin receptor mRNA was higher in primiparous rats , and prolactin treatment induced a further increase in receptor expression in these animals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
High amino acid variation in the intracellular domain of the pig prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) and its relation to ovulation rate and piglet survival traits . ^^^ Two polymorphisms of the porcine prolactin receptor ( PRLR ) gene were previously related to litter size by several authors ; however , the magnitude and direction of such effects varied depending on the population analyzed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Three genes in a distal region ( zinc finger RNA binding protein [ ZFR ] , natriuretic peptide receptor C , and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain with thrombospondin type 1 motif [ ADAMTS 12 ] ) were associated with BHR , whereas 4 genes in a proximal region ( prolactin receptor , IL 7 receptor [ IL7R ] , leukemia inhibitory factor receptor [ LIFR ] , and prostaglandin E 4 receptor [ PTGER 4 ] ) were associated with asthma symptoms in the Hutterites . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01236 and P16471	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Drug Insight : prolactin receptor antagonists , a novel approach to treatment of unresolved systemic and local hyperprolactinemia . ^^^ Our studies of the relationship between prolactin structure and function have resulted in the development of pure prolactin receptor antagonists . ^^^