| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we demonstrate that topical application of dexamethasone during anagen 6 decreased the concentration of POMC , MC 1 R , and tyrosinase mRNA in the skin . ^^^ These results support the hypothesis that murine hair growth and attendant melanogenesis can be regulated through coordinated changes in local expression of POMC , MC 1 R , and tyrosinase genes . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RT PCR , RP HPLC , and IHC analyses documented the expression of POMC mRNA and production of ACTH and alpha MSH peptides in lesional and perilesional skin of basal cell carcinoma ( BCC ) patients and in cultured keratinocytes , which was accompanied by the expression of the MC 1 R gene encoding the receptor activated by MSH and ACTH . ^^^ We conclude that messenger RNA for POMC , MC 1 R , and the peptides MSH and ACTH are produced in skin of BCC patients . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Moreover , black chickens carrying the dominant allele , the extended black , express the MC 1 R with ligand independent activity as the somber 3J black mice . alpha MSH and AGRP were expressed in the infundibular nucleus of POMC and NPY neurons , respectively , in the brain of Japanese quail . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The study shows that some parts of the MC system are highly conserved through vertebrate evolution , such as regions in POMC coding for ACTH , alpha MSH , and beta MSH , the C terminal region of AGRP , key binding units within the MC1R , MC2R , MC4R , and MC5R , synteny blocks around the MCRs , pharmacological properties of the MC2R , whereas other parts in the system are either missing , such as the MC3R and gamma MSH , or different as compared to mammals , such as the affinity of ACTH and MSH peptides to MC1R and MC4R and the anatomical expression pattern of the MCRs . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We identified 5 additional genes ( ASIP , MC1R , POMC , and SILV ) and one additional region ( GSTT 2 22q11 . 23 ) with haplotype and / or diplotypes , but not individual SNP alleles associated with iris colors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Enhanced expression of melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC 1 R ) in normal human keratinocytes during differentiation : evidence for increased expression of POMC peptides near suprabasal layer of epidermis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To elucidate the mechanism of this upregulation , the expression of genes encoding corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) and its receptor , CRH R , as well as POMC and the MSH receptor ( MC 1 R ) , was evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction using cultured human melanoma cells , nevus cells , and normal melanocytes . ^^^ Our results show that all melanocytic cells express CRH , CRH R , POMC , and MC 1 R , with highest intensities in melanoma cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( MSH ) and related proopiomelanocortin derived ( POMC ) peptides bind to the melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC 1 R ) of mammalian melanocytes and stimulate proliferation and melanogenesis . ^^^ POMC transcripts and alpha MSH like immunoreactivity have been found in melanoma cells and a possible autocrine loop involving MC 1 R and POMC derived products has been proposed . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TRX suppressed the UVB induced production and secretion of alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ) and of adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH ) , and also suppressed proopiomelanocortin ( POMC ) mRNA expression by normal human keratinocytes ; however , TRX upregulated melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC 1 R ) expression synergistically with UVB in normal human keratinocytes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The characterization of the melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC1R ) expressed on human melanocytes and the findings that certain mutations in the POMC gene or the MC1R gene result in red hair phenotype underscore the significance of melanocortins and MC1R in regulating human pigmentation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The cloning of the melanocyte stimulating hormone ( MSH ) and adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH ) receptors ( MC 1 R and MC 2 R , respectively ) recently has led to the identification of three additional melanocortin receptors , MC 3 R , MC 4 R , and MC 5 R . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The melanocortin receptor family includes the melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor ( MSH R ) , adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor ( ACTH R ) , and two neural receptors , MC 3 R and MC 4 R . ^^^ In the human these receptors map to 16q24 ( MSH R ) , 18p11 . 2 ( ACTH R ) , 20q13 . 2 ( MC 3 R ) , and 18q22 ( MC 4 R ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Substitution of Asp 184 by alanine completely abolished the binding of radiolabelled NDP MSH as well as ACTH , even though the mutated receptor could be detected on cell surface using anti MC1R specific polyclonal antiserum . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| UV induced expression of key component of the tanning process , the POMC and MC1R genes , is dependent on the p 38 activated upstream stimulating factor 1 ( USF 1 ) . ^^^ A key component of the tanning process is the UV mediated induction of the pro opiomelanocortin ( POMC ) and MC1R genes encoding the alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone and its receptor , respectively , which play a crucial role in pigmentation by regulating the intracellular levels of cAMP . ^^^ Here we have shown that UV induced activation of the POMC and MC1R promoters is mediated by p 38 stress activated kinase signaling to the transcription factor , upstream stimulating factor 1 ( USF 1 ) . ^^^ Importantly , melanocytes derived from USF 1 / mice exhibit a defective UV response and fail to activate POMC and MC1R expression in response to UV irradiation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The expression of the MC 1 R and POMC genes in the epidermis and dermis of the dorsal skin was surveyed from 13 d old embryos to 5 . 5 d old neonates . ^^^ These results suggest that the expression of the MC 1 R gene , but not of the POMC gene , plays an important role in the regulation of melanocyte differentiation in mouse skin . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mutations in the MC1R gene lead to fair skin and red hair in humans , which is also seen with inactivating human POMC gene mutations . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mesothelioma cells were found to express mRNA for proopiomelanocortin and its processing enzymes ; release alpha MSH peptide into supernatants ; and express melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC1R ) , the high affinity receptor for alpha MSH . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The melanocortin system consists of melanocortin peptides derived from the proopiomelanocortin gene ( in particular adrenocorticotropic hormone , ACTH , and melanocyte stimulating hormones , MSH ) and five melanocortin receptor subtypes ( MC1R MC5R ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The cloning and characterization of the human melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC1R ) and the demonstration that normal human melanocytes respond to the melanocortins , alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( ACTH ) , with increased proliferation and eumelanogenesis had put an end to a long standing controversy about the role of melanocortins in regulating human cutaneous pigmentation . ^^^ We have shown that alpha MSH and ACTH bind the human MC1R with equal affinity , and are equipotent in their mitogenic and melanogenic effects on human melanocytes . ^^^ Expression of the MC1R is subject to regulation by its own ligands alpha MSH and ACTH , as well as by UVR and endothelin 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Moreover , melanocortin receptor 1 ( MC 1R ) , which is specific for alpha MSH and ACTH , is expressed in the skin on keratinocytes , dendritic cells , macrophages and endothelial cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Binding of melanotropic hormones to the melanocortin receptor MC1R on human melanocytes stimulates proliferation and melanogenesis . alpha Melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ) and ACTH increase the proliferation and melanogenesis of cultured human melanocytes . ^^^ To further analyze how melanotropins produce these biological effects , we investigated the regulation of the melanocortin receptor MC1R expression by alpha MSH and ACTH using Northern blot analysis and determine the relative affinity of the receptor for the structurally similar peptides alpha MSH , ACTH , beta MSH , and gamma MSH . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In contrast , the other MCR subtypes ( MC 1 R , MC 3 R , MC 4 R , MC 5 R ) recognize a common group of ligands that includes various forms of MSH as well as ACTH ; nevertheless they do exhibit important differences in ligand selectivity . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The cloning of the melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC1R ) gene from human melanocytes and the demonstration that these cells respond to the melanocortins alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ) and adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH ) with increased proliferation and melanogenesis have renewed the interest in investigation the physiological role of these hormones in regulating human pigmentation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Moreover , melanocortin receptor 1 which is specific for alpha MSH and ACTH is expressed in the skin on keratinocytes , dendritic cells , macrophages and endothelial cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Certain ACTH peptides , notably ACTH 1 17 , are more potent agonists at the MC 1 R and , since their skin concentrations exceed those of alpha MSH , they could serve as natural ligands at this receptor and regulate pigmentary responses in humans . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RT PCR and Northern blot studies demonstrated the constitutive expression of mRNA for the adrenocorticotropin ( ACTH ) and alpha MSH specific melanocortin receptor 1 ( MC 1R ) in HDMEC , and the microvascular endothelial cell line HMEC 1 that could be upregulated by stimulation with IL 1 beta and alpha MSH . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The association between the melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor and the alpha 2 adrenoceptor on the Anolis melanophore . 1 The primary effect of catecholamines was to lighten Anolis skin previously darkened by alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Combinatorial diffusion assay used to identify topically active melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor antagonists . alpha Melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ) is implicated in pigmentation , central nervous system and immune system functions , growth , mitogenesis , and melanoma . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The melanocyte responds to the peptide hormones alpha MSH or ACTH through the MC1R G protein coupled receptor to stimulate melanin production through induced maturation or switching of melanin type . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| MC 1 R , found on melanocytes , is involved in pigmentation , while MC 2 R is the classic adrenocorticotropic ( ACTH ) receptor found on the adrenal cortex and adipocytes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The MC1R is regulated by the physiological agonists alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alphaMSH ) and adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH ) , and antagonist agouti signaling protein ( ASP ) . ^^^ Epidermal melanocytes and keratinocytes respond to UVR by increasing their expression of alphaMSH and ACTH , which up regulate the expression of MC1R , and consequently enhance the response of melanocytes to melanocortins . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRH , alpha MSH , and ACTH also modulate expression of their cognate receptors ( CRH R 1 , MC 1 R , MC 2 R ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ACTH and alpha MSH bind to the melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC 1 R ) on the plasma membrane and activate the signalling pathway predominantly coupled to production of cAMP , and in some cell lines raising intracellular calcium levels . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| For chemical affinity labeling of the melanotropin receptor several alpha MSH fragments containing phenylalanine mustard were synthesized in solution . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The localisation of melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC1R ) in WM 266 4 human melanoma cells was investigated by applying an antipeptide antiserum specific for the cloned human MC1R ( MSH receptor ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Binding and internalization of the melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor ligand [ Nle 4 , D Phe 7 ] alpha MSH in B 16 melanoma cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC1R ) is a seven transmembrane ( TM ) G protein coupled receptor whose natural ligands are the melanocortin peptides , adrenocorticotropic hormone , and alpha , beta , and gamma melanocyte stimulating hormone ( MSH ) . ^^^ To test a previously constructed three dimensional model of the molecular interaction between the long acting , superpotent alpha MSH analog [ Nle 4 , D Phe 7 ] MSH ( NDP MSH ) and the human MC1R we examined the effects of site directed receptor mutagenesis on the binding affinity and potency of NDP MSH . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mouse agouti protein competitively antagonized alpha MSH and desacetyl alpha MSH coupling to the MC 1 R similarly . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Our intention is to determine the structural requirements for agonism and competitive antagonism of melanocortin activity at the MC 1 R and to discover more potent antagonists . 153N 6 was able to inhibit the action of native alpha MSH and the potent synthetic agonist , [ Nle 4 , D Phe 7 ] alpha MSH , at the murine MC 1 R . ^^^ Because Met 4 is an important component of alpha MSH binding at the MC 1 R , we investigated alpha MSH ( 1 13 ) and alpha MSH ( 4 13 ) analogues to produce compounds with higher MC 1 R binding affinity than 153N 6 . ^^^ Coupling of H Nle ( as an isosteric replacement for Met ) or acetyl Nle to the N terminus of 153N 6 raised the binding affinity by a factor of 46 , but this and all full length alpha MSH analogues with Met or Nle in position 4 were full agonists of the MC 1 R . ^^^ A full length alpha MSH ( 1 13 ) derivative of 153N 6 with Ala 4 did not exhibit significantly greater binding affinity than 153N 6 and appeared to be a partial agonist at the MC 1 R in the cAMP assay . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Human pigmentation phenotype : a point mutation generates nonfunctional MSH receptor . alpha Melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ) regulates skin and hair pigmentation by modulating the activity of MSH receptor ( MC1R ) . ^^^ The Arg151Cys variant of MC1R binds to radio labelled analogue of alpha MSH with identical affinity as wild type MC1R but can not be stimulated to produce cyclic AMP ( cAMP ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Melanocyte stimulating hormone ( MSH ) receptor binding activity and melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC 1 R ) gene expression on normal human melanocytes have been studied as responses to the effects of ultraviolet B ( UVB ) , interleukin 1 ( IL 1 ) , endothelin 1 ( ET 1 ) and tumour necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ) , which are known as UV sensitive regulators of melanocytic function . ^^^ Taken together , our results suggest a model in which higher MC 1 R mRNA expression is accompanied by upregulation of MSH R binding activity , and enhanced by UVB or cytokines sensitive to UVB . ^^^ MSH receptor ( MSH R ) binding activity was upregulated by UVB , IL 1alpha , 1beta and ET 1 , but was downregulated by TNF alpha . ^^^ Such a regulatory system would enable normal human melanocytes to respond to MSH more efficiently and induce an increase of melanization of the skin through the MSH / MSH R system after UVB radiation . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we report analyses regarding expression of the melanocyte stimulating hormone ( MSH ) receptor ( melanocortin 1 receptor , MC 1 R ) and the melanogenic proteins , tyrosinase ( E . ^^^ We show that incubation of cells with MSH / isobutylmethylxanthine ( IBMX ) resulted in strong melanogenic and morphologic responses in high metastatic hybrids compared to parental cells and the low metastatic hybrid , and that high metastatic hybrids exhibit increased mRNA expression for MC 1 R accompanied by increased 125I alphaMSH binding . ^^^ The results suggest that although the activity MC 1 R and tyrosinase correlate with enhanced basal as well as MSH induced melanogenesis in metastatic / melanotic hybrids , their expression is differentially regulated , i . e . , regulation of MC 1 R while at transcriptional level , the TRPs are primarily regulated via post transcriptional mechanisms in high metastatic hybrids . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The switch between the synthesis of eu and pheomelanins is modulated by the interaction of two paracrine signaling molecules , alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( MSH ) and agouti signal protein ( ASP ) , which interact with melanocytes via the MSH receptor ( MC1R ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Several active factors are products of developmental and other coat color genes , including stem cell factor ( SCF ) , melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alphaMSH ) , and agouti signaling protein ( ASP ) , a natural antagonist at the MSH receptor ( melanocortin 1 receptor , MC1R ) encoded by the agouti gene . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Minimization of MC1R selectivity by modification of the core structure of alpha MSH ND . ^^^ RESULTS : Among the several analogues examined , [ Gln ( 6 ) ] alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( MSH ) ND was found to have 10000 times less biological activity than alpha MSH ND for the MC1R , whereas , the potencies of both oligopeptides were comparable in both the melanocortin 3 receptor ( MC3R ) and MC4R . [ Gln ( 6 ) ] alpha MSH ND exhibited a type 1 ' beta turn that was similar to the type 1 beta turn structure of alpha MSH ND . ^^^ By homology modeling analysis , the His ( 6 ) of alpha MSH ND was found to interact with the TM 2 regions of all three receptors ( Glu ( 94 ) of MC1R , Glu ( 94 ) of MC3R , and Glu ( 100 ) of MC4R ) , but [ Gln ( 6 ) ] alpha MSH ND did not . ^^^ However , in the MC1R , these serine residues corresponded to Val ( 122 ) , which contains two methyl groups that induce steric hindrance with D Phe ( 7 ) of [ Gln ( 6 ) ] alpha MSH ND . ^^^ This is a possible explanation for the biological activity of [ Gln ( 6 ) ] alpha MSH ND for the MC1R being significantly lower than that for either the MC3R or MC4R . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Pigmentation in mammals is stimulated by alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( MSH ) , which binds to the melanocortin 1 receptor ( Mc1r ) and induces an activation of melanogenic enzymes through stimulation of adenylate cyclase and protein kinase A . ^^^ The antagonist agouti signal protein ( ASP ) interacts with the Mc1r and blocks its stimulation by MSH . ^^^ We examined the influence of ASP or MSH on Mc1r gene expression , and we report that both ligands influence the Mc1r 5 ' promoter structure in distinct manners . ^^^ Our study further shows that MSH regulates Mc1r function at both the mRNA and protein levels , whereas ASP acts only on its translation . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These hybrids also express upregulated melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC 1 R ) activity and exhibit increased motility after melanocyte stimulating hormone ( MSH ) treatment . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Radioreceptor assays using [ 125I ] MCH , [ 125l ] alpha MSH and [ 125I ] NEI as radioligands and bioassays were performed with MCI R positive and MC 1 R negative mouse B 16 melanoma cells and with COS cells expressing the different MC receptors . ^^^ The IC50s of alpha MSH and NEI or NGE for [ 125I ] MCH displacement from mouse MCH Rpc were 80 fold and , respectively , > 300 fold higher than that of MCH , and the IC50s for MCH and NEI or NGE for [ 125I ] alpha MSH displacement from mouse MC 1 R were 50 , 000 fold and > 200 , 000 fold higher than that of alpha MSH . ^^^ This shows that mammalian MCH precursor derived peptides may mimic MSH signalling via MC 1 R activation at relatively high , but physiologically still relevant concentrations , as e . g . found in autocrine / paracrine signalling mechanisms . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Because both melanotic and amelanotic melanomas overexpress receptors for alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ; receptor name : melanocortin type 1 receptor , or MC1R ) , radiolabeled alpha MSH analogs are potential candidates for melanoma diagnosis . ^^^ RESULTS : DOTA MSH ( oct ) was shown to bind with high affinity ( inhibitory concentration of 50 % [ IC ( 50 ) ] = 9 . 21 nmol / L ) to the MC1R , although with lower potency than does DOTA NDP MSH ( IC ( 50 ) = 0 . 25 nmol / L ) . ^^^ In B16F1 melanoma bearing mice , both ( 111 ) In DOTA NDP MSH and ( 111 ) In DOTA MSH ( oct ) exhibited high MC1R mediated uptake by melanoma , which differed by a factor of only 1 . 5 at 4 h after injection . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Systemic treatment of mice with KPV , alpha MSH , the core melanocortin peptide His Phe Arg Trp , and the melanocontin receptor 3 / 4 agonist Ac Nle 4 c [ Asp 5 , d Phe 7 , Lys 10 ] NH 2 ACTH4 10 ( MTII ) but not the selective MC 1 R agonist H Ser Ser Ile Ile Ser His Phe Arg Trp Gly Lys Pro Val NH 2 ( MS 05 ) resulted in a significant reduction in accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte in the peritoneal cavity . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Because both melanotic and amelanotic melanomas overexpress melanocortin 1 receptors ( MC1R ) , radiolabeled analogues of alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ) are potential candidates for melanoma diagnosis . ^^^ DOTA MSH ( OCT ) displayed high in vitro MC1R affinity ( IC ( 50 ) 9 . 21 nM ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immobilized alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone 10 13 ( GKPV ) inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulated NF kappaB activity . alpha MSH is an anti inflammatory peptide which signals by binding to the melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC1R ) and elevating cyclic AMP in several different cells and tissues . ^^^ The carboxyl terminal peptides of alpha MSH ( KPV / GKPV ) are the smallest minimal sequences that prevent inflammation , but it is not known if they operate via MC1R or cyclic AMP . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present study confirms MC1R expression in cultured human dermal fibroblasts and reports that the MSH peptides alpha MSH and KP ( D ) 5 inhibit TNF alpha stimulated NF kappaB activity and ICAM 1 upregulation , consistent with an anti inflammatory role . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although this suggested a critical role for the MC1R ligand melanocyte stimulating hormone ( MSH ) in this response , a genetically controlled system has been lacking in which to determine the precise role of MSH MC1R . ^^^ Here we show that ultraviolet light potently induces expression of MSH in keratinocytes , but fails to stimulate pigmentation in the absence of functional MC1R in red / blonde haired Mc1r ( e / e ) mice . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P01189 and Q01726 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The cloning of the melanocyte stimulating hormone ( MSH ) and adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH ) receptors ( MC 1 R and MC 2 R , respectively ) recently has led to the identification of three additional melanocortin receptors , MC 3 R , MC 4 R , and MC 5 R . ^^^ Thus , the D p iodophenylalanine 7 containing analogue Ac Nle 4 c [ Asp 5 , D Phe ( pI ) 7 , Lys 10 ] alpha MSH ( 4 10 ) NH 2 is a potent antagonist ( pA 2 = 10 . 3 ) in the classical frog skin ( Rana pipiens ) assay ( MC 1 R ) , as is the D 2 ' naphthylalanine 7 ( D Nal ( 2 ) 7 ) containing analogue Ac Nle 4 c [ Asp 5 , D Nal ( 2 ) 7 , Lys 10 ] alpha MSH ( 4 10 ) NH 2 ( pA 2 > 10 . 3 ) . ^^^ Surprisingly , Nle 4 c [ Asp 5 , D Phe ( pI ) 7 , Lys 10 ] alpha MSH was found to be a potent agonist at the cloned human MC 1 R ( EC 50 = 0 . 055 nM ) and mouse MC 1 R ( EC 50 = 0 . 19 nM ) but had potent antagonist activities at the human MC 4 R ( pA 2 = 9 . 7 ) and human MC 3 R ( pA 2 = 8 . 3 ) with significant partial agonist activities ( EC 50 = 0 . 57 and 0 . 68 nM , respectively ) as well . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The localisation of melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC1R ) in WM 266 4 human melanoma cells was investigated by applying an antipeptide antiserum specific for the cloned human MC1R ( MSH receptor ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Substitution of Asp 184 by alanine completely abolished the binding of radiolabelled NDP MSH as well as ACTH , even though the mutated receptor could be detected on cell surface using anti MC1R specific polyclonal antiserum . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Binding of melanotropic hormones to the melanocortin receptor MC1R on human melanocytes stimulates proliferation and melanogenesis . alpha Melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ) and ACTH increase the proliferation and melanogenesis of cultured human melanocytes . ^^^ To further analyze how melanotropins produce these biological effects , we investigated the regulation of the melanocortin receptor MC1R expression by alpha MSH and ACTH using Northern blot analysis and determine the relative affinity of the receptor for the structurally similar peptides alpha MSH , ACTH , beta MSH , and gamma MSH . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we demonstrate that topical application of dexamethasone during anagen 6 decreased the concentration of POMC , MC 1 R , and tyrosinase mRNA in the skin . ^^^ These results support the hypothesis that murine hair growth and attendant melanogenesis can be regulated through coordinated changes in local expression of POMC , MC 1 R , and tyrosinase genes . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In contrast , the other MCR subtypes ( MC 1 R , MC 3 R , MC 4 R , MC 5 R ) recognize a common group of ligands that includes various forms of MSH as well as ACTH ; nevertheless they do exhibit important differences in ligand selectivity . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC1R ) is a seven transmembrane ( TM ) G protein coupled receptor whose natural ligands are the melanocortin peptides , adrenocorticotropic hormone , and alpha , beta , and gamma melanocyte stimulating hormone ( MSH ) . ^^^ To test a previously constructed three dimensional model of the molecular interaction between the long acting , superpotent alpha MSH analog [ Nle 4 , D Phe 7 ] MSH ( NDP MSH ) and the human MC1R we examined the effects of site directed receptor mutagenesis on the binding affinity and potency of NDP MSH . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Human pigmentation phenotype : a point mutation generates nonfunctional MSH receptor . alpha Melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ) regulates skin and hair pigmentation by modulating the activity of MSH receptor ( MC1R ) . ^^^ The Arg151Cys variant of MC1R binds to radio labelled analogue of alpha MSH with identical affinity as wild type MC1R but can not be stimulated to produce cyclic AMP ( cAMP ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Melanocyte stimulating hormone ( MSH ) receptor binding activity and melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC 1 R ) gene expression on normal human melanocytes have been studied as responses to the effects of ultraviolet B ( UVB ) , interleukin 1 ( IL 1 ) , endothelin 1 ( ET 1 ) and tumour necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ) , which are known as UV sensitive regulators of melanocytic function . ^^^ Taken together , our results suggest a model in which higher MC 1 R mRNA expression is accompanied by upregulation of MSH R binding activity , and enhanced by UVB or cytokines sensitive to UVB . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RT PCR , RP HPLC , and IHC analyses documented the expression of POMC mRNA and production of ACTH and alpha MSH peptides in lesional and perilesional skin of basal cell carcinoma ( BCC ) patients and in cultured keratinocytes , which was accompanied by the expression of the MC 1 R gene encoding the receptor activated by MSH and ACTH . ^^^ We conclude that messenger RNA for POMC , MC 1 R , and the peptides MSH and ACTH are produced in skin of BCC patients . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mouse agouti protein competitively antagonized alpha MSH and desacetyl alpha MSH coupling to the MC 1 R similarly . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Enhanced expression of melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC 1 R ) in normal human keratinocytes during differentiation : evidence for increased expression of POMC peptides near suprabasal layer of epidermis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Our intention is to determine the structural requirements for agonism and competitive antagonism of melanocortin activity at the MC 1 R and to discover more potent antagonists . 153N 6 was able to inhibit the action of native alpha MSH and the potent synthetic agonist , [ Nle 4 , D Phe 7 ] alpha MSH , at the murine MC 1 R . ^^^ Because Met 4 is an important component of alpha MSH binding at the MC 1 R , we investigated alpha MSH ( 1 13 ) and alpha MSH ( 4 13 ) analogues to produce compounds with higher MC 1 R binding affinity than 153N 6 . ^^^ Coupling of H Nle ( as an isosteric replacement for Met ) or acetyl Nle to the N terminus of 153N 6 raised the binding affinity by a factor of 46 , but this and all full length alpha MSH analogues with Met or Nle in position 4 were full agonists of the MC 1 R . ^^^ A full length alpha MSH ( 1 13 ) derivative of 153N 6 with Ala 4 did not exhibit significantly greater binding affinity than 153N 6 and appeared to be a partial agonist at the MC 1 R in the cAMP assay . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To elucidate the mechanism of this upregulation , the expression of genes encoding corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) and its receptor , CRH R , as well as POMC and the MSH receptor ( MC 1 R ) , was evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction using cultured human melanoma cells , nevus cells , and normal melanocytes . ^^^ Our results show that all melanocytic cells express CRH , CRH R , POMC , and MC 1 R , with highest intensities in melanoma cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The cloning of the melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC1R ) gene from human melanocytes and the demonstration that these cells respond to the melanocortins alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ) and adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH ) with increased proliferation and melanogenesis have renewed the interest in investigation the physiological role of these hormones in regulating human pigmentation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we report analyses regarding expression of the melanocyte stimulating hormone ( MSH ) receptor ( melanocortin 1 receptor , MC 1 R ) and the melanogenic proteins , tyrosinase ( E . ^^^ We show that incubation of cells with MSH / isobutylmethylxanthine ( IBMX ) resulted in strong melanogenic and morphologic responses in high metastatic hybrids compared to parental cells and the low metastatic hybrid , and that high metastatic hybrids exhibit increased mRNA expression for MC 1 R accompanied by increased 125I alphaMSH binding . ^^^ The results suggest that although the activity MC 1 R and tyrosinase correlate with enhanced basal as well as MSH induced melanogenesis in metastatic / melanotic hybrids , their expression is differentially regulated , i . e . , regulation of MC 1 R while at transcriptional level , the TRPs are primarily regulated via post transcriptional mechanisms in high metastatic hybrids . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The cloning and characterization of the human melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC1R ) and the demonstration that normal human melanocytes respond to the melanocortins , alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( ACTH ) , with increased proliferation and eumelanogenesis had put an end to a long standing controversy about the role of melanocortins in regulating human cutaneous pigmentation . ^^^ We have shown that alpha MSH and ACTH bind the human MC1R with equal affinity , and are equipotent in their mitogenic and melanogenic effects on human melanocytes . ^^^ Expression of the MC1R is subject to regulation by its own ligands alpha MSH and ACTH , as well as by UVR and endothelin 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Several active factors are products of developmental and other coat color genes , including stem cell factor ( SCF ) , melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alphaMSH ) , and agouti signaling protein ( ASP ) , a natural antagonist at the MSH receptor ( melanocortin 1 receptor , MC1R ) encoded by the agouti gene . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( MSH ) and related proopiomelanocortin derived ( POMC ) peptides bind to the melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC 1 R ) of mammalian melanocytes and stimulate proliferation and melanogenesis . ^^^ POMC transcripts and alpha MSH like immunoreactivity have been found in melanoma cells and a possible autocrine loop involving MC 1 R and POMC derived products has been proposed . ^^^ Thus , high MC 1 R expression is a frequent event in malignant melanocytes , and might lead to a higher activity of the alpha MSH / MC1 R system in melanoma cells as compared to normal melanocytes , for equal local concentrations of the hormone or related melanocortins . . ^^^ POMC transcripts and alpha MSH like immunoreactivity have been found in melanoma cells and a possible autocrine loop involving MC 1 R and POMC derived products has been proposed . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Certain ACTH peptides , notably ACTH 1 17 , are more potent agonists at the MC 1 R and , since their skin concentrations exceed those of alpha MSH , they could serve as natural ligands at this receptor and regulate pigmentary responses in humans . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The switch between the synthesis of eu and pheomelanins is modulated by the interaction of two paracrine signaling molecules , alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( MSH ) and agouti signal protein ( ASP ) , which interact with melanocytes via the MSH receptor ( MC1R ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Minimization of MC1R selectivity by modification of the core structure of alpha MSH ND . ^^^ RESULTS : Among the several analogues examined , [ Gln ( 6 ) ] alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( MSH ) ND was found to have 10000 times less biological activity than alpha MSH ND for the MC1R , whereas , the potencies of both oligopeptides were comparable in both the melanocortin 3 receptor ( MC3R ) and MC4R . [ Gln ( 6 ) ] alpha MSH ND exhibited a type 1 ' beta turn that was similar to the type 1 beta turn structure of alpha MSH ND . ^^^ By homology modeling analysis , the His ( 6 ) of alpha MSH ND was found to interact with the TM 2 regions of all three receptors ( Glu ( 94 ) of MC1R , Glu ( 94 ) of MC3R , and Glu ( 100 ) of MC4R ) , but [ Gln ( 6 ) ] alpha MSH ND did not . ^^^ However , in the MC1R , these serine residues corresponded to Val ( 122 ) , which contains two methyl groups that induce steric hindrance with D Phe ( 7 ) of [ Gln ( 6 ) ] alpha MSH ND . ^^^ This is a possible explanation for the biological activity of [ Gln ( 6 ) ] alpha MSH ND for the MC1R being significantly lower than that for either the MC3R or MC4R . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The melanocyte responds to the peptide hormones alpha MSH or ACTH through the MC1R G protein coupled receptor to stimulate melanin production through induced maturation or switching of melanin type . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Radioreceptor assays using [ 125I ] MCH , [ 125l ] alpha MSH and [ 125I ] NEI as radioligands and bioassays were performed with MCI R positive and MC 1 R negative mouse B 16 melanoma cells and with COS cells expressing the different MC receptors . ^^^ The IC50s of alpha MSH and NEI or NGE for [ 125I ] MCH displacement from mouse MCH Rpc were 80 fold and , respectively , > 300 fold higher than that of MCH , and the IC50s for MCH and NEI or NGE for [ 125I ] alpha MSH displacement from mouse MC 1 R were 50 , 000 fold and > 200 , 000 fold higher than that of alpha MSH . ^^^ This shows that mammalian MCH precursor derived peptides may mimic MSH signalling via MC 1 R activation at relatively high , but physiologically still relevant concentrations , as e . g . found in autocrine / paracrine signalling mechanisms . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TRX suppressed the UVB induced production and secretion of alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ) and of adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH ) , and also suppressed proopiomelanocortin ( POMC ) mRNA expression by normal human keratinocytes ; however , TRX upregulated melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC 1 R ) expression synergistically with UVB in normal human keratinocytes . ^^^ Furthermore , addition of an antibody against TRX induced cell death in keratinocytes , probably due to enhanced signaling of MSH , as it has been shown that MSH suppresses heat shock protein ( hsp ) 70 expression in differentiated keratinocytes , which express high levels of MC 1 R and decreases their survival rate during oxidative stress . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Because both melanotic and amelanotic melanomas overexpress receptors for alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ; receptor name : melanocortin type 1 receptor , or MC1R ) , radiolabeled alpha MSH analogs are potential candidates for melanoma diagnosis . ^^^ RESULTS : DOTA MSH ( oct ) was shown to bind with high affinity ( inhibitory concentration of 50 % [ IC ( 50 ) ] = 9 . 21 nmol / L ) to the MC1R , although with lower potency than does DOTA NDP MSH ( IC ( 50 ) = 0 . 25 nmol / L ) . ^^^ In B16F1 melanoma bearing mice , both ( 111 ) In DOTA NDP MSH and ( 111 ) In DOTA MSH ( oct ) exhibited high MC1R mediated uptake by melanoma , which differed by a factor of only 1 . 5 at 4 h after injection . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Systemic treatment of mice with KPV , alpha MSH , the core melanocortin peptide His Phe Arg Trp , and the melanocontin receptor 3 / 4 agonist Ac Nle 4 c [ Asp 5 , d Phe 7 , Lys 10 ] NH 2 ACTH4 10 ( MTII ) but not the selective MC 1 R agonist H Ser Ser Ile Ile Ser His Phe Arg Trp Gly Lys Pro Val NH 2 ( MS 05 ) resulted in a significant reduction in accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte in the peritoneal cavity . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We demonstrated that human melanocytes respond to alpha melanocortin ( alpha MSH ) or ACTH with increased proliferation and melanogenesis , and to agouti signaling protein by abrogation of these effects . alpha MSH and ACTH were equipotent and more potent than beta MSH , and gamma MSH was the least potent in activating the MC1R and stimulating melanogenesis and proliferation of human melanocytes . ^^^ The characterization of the melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC1R ) expressed on human melanocytes and the findings that certain mutations in the POMC gene or the MC1R gene result in red hair phenotype underscore the significance of melanocortins and MC1R in regulating human pigmentation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Moreover , black chickens carrying the dominant allele , the extended black , express the MC 1 R with ligand independent activity as the somber 3J black mice . alpha MSH and AGRP were expressed in the infundibular nucleus of POMC and NPY neurons , respectively , in the brain of Japanese quail . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Because both melanotic and amelanotic melanomas overexpress melanocortin 1 receptors ( MC1R ) , radiolabeled analogues of alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ) are potential candidates for melanoma diagnosis . ^^^ DOTA MSH ( OCT ) displayed high in vitro MC1R affinity ( IC ( 50 ) 9 . 21 nM ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| MC 1 R , found on melanocytes , is involved in pigmentation , while MC 2 R is the classic adrenocorticotropic ( ACTH ) receptor found on the adrenal cortex and adipocytes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Pigmentation in mammals is stimulated by alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( MSH ) , which binds to the melanocortin 1 receptor ( Mc1r ) and induces an activation of melanogenic enzymes through stimulation of adenylate cyclase and protein kinase A . ^^^ The antagonist agouti signal protein ( ASP ) interacts with the Mc1r and blocks its stimulation by MSH . ^^^ We examined the influence of ASP or MSH on Mc1r gene expression , and we report that both ligands influence the Mc1r 5 ' promoter structure in distinct manners . ^^^ Our study further shows that MSH regulates Mc1r function at both the mRNA and protein levels , whereas ASP acts only on its translation . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mesothelioma cells were found to express mRNA for proopiomelanocortin and its processing enzymes ; release alpha MSH peptide into supernatants ; and express melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC1R ) , the high affinity receptor for alpha MSH . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Detailed pharmacological characterization showed that ACTH had surprisingly high affinity for the Fugu MC1R and MC4R , whereas alpha MSH had lower affinity . ^^^ The study shows that some parts of the MC system are highly conserved through vertebrate evolution , such as regions in POMC coding for ACTH , alpha MSH , and beta MSH , the C terminal region of AGRP , key binding units within the MC1R , MC2R , MC4R , and MC5R , synteny blocks around the MCRs , pharmacological properties of the MC2R , whereas other parts in the system are either missing , such as the MC3R and gamma MSH , or different as compared to mammals , such as the affinity of ACTH and MSH peptides to MC1R and MC4R and the anatomical expression pattern of the MCRs . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We identified 5 additional genes ( ASIP , MC1R , POMC , and SILV ) and one additional region ( GSTT 2 22q11 . 23 ) with haplotype and / or diplotypes , but not individual SNP alleles associated with iris colors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These hybrids also express upregulated melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC 1 R ) activity and exhibit increased motility after melanocyte stimulating hormone ( MSH ) treatment . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| UV induced expression of key component of the tanning process , the POMC and MC1R genes , is dependent on the p 38 activated upstream stimulating factor 1 ( USF 1 ) . ^^^ A key component of the tanning process is the UV mediated induction of the pro opiomelanocortin ( POMC ) and MC1R genes encoding the alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone and its receptor , respectively , which play a crucial role in pigmentation by regulating the intracellular levels of cAMP . ^^^ Here we have shown that UV induced activation of the POMC and MC1R promoters is mediated by p 38 stress activated kinase signaling to the transcription factor , upstream stimulating factor 1 ( USF 1 ) . ^^^ Importantly , melanocytes derived from USF 1 / mice exhibit a defective UV response and fail to activate POMC and MC1R expression in response to UV irradiation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The MC1R is regulated by the physiological agonists alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alphaMSH ) and adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH ) , and antagonist agouti signaling protein ( ASP ) . ^^^ Epidermal melanocytes and keratinocytes respond to UVR by increasing their expression of alphaMSH and ACTH , which up regulate the expression of MC1R , and consequently enhance the response of melanocytes to melanocortins . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CRH , alpha MSH , and ACTH also modulate expression of their cognate receptors ( CRH R 1 , MC 1 R , MC 2 R ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immobilized alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone 10 13 ( GKPV ) inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulated NF kappaB activity . alpha MSH is an anti inflammatory peptide which signals by binding to the melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC1R ) and elevating cyclic AMP in several different cells and tissues . ^^^ The carboxyl terminal peptides of alpha MSH ( KPV / GKPV ) are the smallest minimal sequences that prevent inflammation , but it is not known if they operate via MC1R or cyclic AMP . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present study confirms MC1R expression in cultured human dermal fibroblasts and reports that the MSH peptides alpha MSH and KP ( D ) 5 inhibit TNF alpha stimulated NF kappaB activity and ICAM 1 upregulation , consistent with an anti inflammatory role . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The melanocortin system consists of melanocortin peptides derived from the proopiomelanocortin gene ( in particular adrenocorticotropic hormone , ACTH , and melanocyte stimulating hormones , MSH ) and five melanocortin receptor subtypes ( MC1R MC5R ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ACTH and alpha MSH bind to MC1R to influence both pigmentation and the immune system . ^^^ Mutations in the MC1R gene lead to fair skin and red hair in humans , which is also seen with inactivating human POMC gene mutations . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The expression of the MC 1 R and POMC genes in the epidermis and dermis of the dorsal skin was surveyed from 13 d old embryos to 5 . 5 d old neonates . ^^^ These results suggest that the expression of the MC 1 R gene , but not of the POMC gene , plays an important role in the regulation of melanocyte differentiation in mouse skin . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ACTH and alpha MSH bind to the melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC 1 R ) on the plasma membrane and activate the signalling pathway predominantly coupled to production of cAMP , and in some cell lines raising intracellular calcium levels . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although this suggested a critical role for the MC1R ligand melanocyte stimulating hormone ( MSH ) in this response , a genetically controlled system has been lacking in which to determine the precise role of MSH MC1R . ^^^ Here we show that ultraviolet light potently induces expression of MSH in keratinocytes , but fails to stimulate pigmentation in the absence of functional MC1R in red / blonde haired Mc1r ( e / e ) mice . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Moreover , melanocortin receptor 1 which is specific for alpha MSH and ACTH is expressed in the skin on keratinocytes , dendritic cells , macrophages and endothelial cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RT PCR and Northern blot studies demonstrated the constitutive expression of mRNA for the adrenocorticotropin ( ACTH ) and alpha MSH specific melanocortin receptor 1 ( MC 1R ) in HDMEC , and the microvascular endothelial cell line HMEC 1 that could be upregulated by stimulation with IL 1 beta and alpha MSH . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Moreover , melanocortin receptor 1 ( MC 1R ) , which is specific for alpha MSH and ACTH , is expressed in the skin on keratinocytes , dendritic cells , macrophages and endothelial cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The association between the melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor and the alpha 2 adrenoceptor on the Anolis melanophore . 1 The primary effect of catecholamines was to lighten Anolis skin previously darkened by alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Combinatorial diffusion assay used to identify topically active melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor antagonists . alpha Melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ) is implicated in pigmentation , central nervous system and immune system functions , growth , mitogenesis , and melanoma . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The melanocortin receptor family includes the melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor ( MSH R ) , adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor ( ACTH R ) , and two neural receptors , MC 3 R and MC 4 R . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Binding and internalization of the melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor ligand [ Nle 4 , D Phe 7 ] alpha MSH in B 16 melanoma cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| For chemical affinity labeling of the melanotropin receptor several alpha MSH fragments containing phenylalanine mustard were synthesized in solution . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q01726 and P01189 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|