| Interacting proteins: P01178 and Q92731 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Dual label immunocytochemistry was performed on adjacent sections by using an ERbeta antibody , followed by an antibody to either oxytocin ( OT ) , arginine vasopressin ( AVP ) , or corticotropin releasing hormone . ^^^ OT / ERbeta ir colocalization was confirmed in neurons of the parvicellular subnuclei , in both OVX and OVX+E brains ( approximately 50 % of OT and 25 % of ERbeta labeled cells between bregma 1 . 78 and 2 . 00 ) . ^^^ In the SON , most nuclear ERbeta ir colocalized with AVP ir , whereas few OT / ERbeta ir dual labeled cells were observed . ^^^ These findings suggest that estrogen can directly modulate specific OT and AVP systems through an ERbeta mediated mechanism , in a tissue specific manner . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01178 and Q92731 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present experiments using a combined ICC and ISH method were undertaken to examine the expression of the recently cloned beta form of ER ( ER beta ) in OT and VP immunoreactive ( IR ) neuronal systems of the rat hypothalamus . ^^^ The results demonstrate that the highest cellular levels of ER beta messenger RNA ( mRNA ) in OT IR neurons can be visualized in the caudal portion of the PVN and in an area ventro medial to the central core of VP IR cells . ^^^ In addition , the whole rostro caudal extent of the PVN and the SON contained OT IR neurons that coexpressed variable levels of ER beta mRNA . ^^^ Together , these findings provide strong support for the concept that the functions of OT and VP IR neurons in the PVN and the SON are regulated directly by estrogen and that the genomic effects of estrogens are mediated by ER beta . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01178 and Q92731 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A high percentage of the ERbeta expressing neurons located in the ventro and dorsomedial PVN are of OT type ; 40 % of the OT ir cells forming the medial magnocellular and ventromedial parvocellular PVN showed a clear hybridization signal for ERbeta mRNA , whereas a lower percentage ( 15 20 % ) of OT neurons were positive in the caudal parvocellular PVN and no double labeled cells were found in the rostral PVN and other regions of the brain with the exception of the SON . ^^^ This study shows a differential pattern of expression of both receptors in the brain of intact rats and that ERbeta is expressed at various levels in distinct neuropeptidergic populations , including OT , CRF , and ENK . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01178 and Q92731 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The literature is confused by some transfected cell culture experiments which suggest that the human and rat OT gene promoter can be regulated by both ER alpha and ER beta through a major hormone response element at 160 bp upstream of the transcription start site . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01178 and Q92731 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Transient transfection experiments demonstrated that ERalpha and ERbeta induced the highest levels of transcription with the A 2 ERE , intermediate levels of transcription with the OT ERE , and low levels of transcription with the pS 2 and B 1 EREs . ^^^ ERalpha and ERbeta had higher affinities for the A 2 ERE than for any of the three imperfect EREs but similar affinities for the pS 2 , B 1 , and OT EREs in gel mobility shift assays . ^^^ Interestingly , protease sensitivity assays demonstrated that A 2 , pS 2 , B 1 , and OT EREs induced distinct changes in ERalpha and ERbeta conformation thereby providing different functional surfaces for interaction with regulatory proteins involved in control of estrogen responsive genes . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01178 and Q92731 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although the imperfect vitellogenin B 1 , pS 2 , and oxytocin ( OT ) EREs each differ from the consensus vitellogenin A 2 ERE sequence by a single base pair , ERbeta activates transcription of reporter plasmids containing A 2 , pS 2 , B 1 , and OT EREs to different extents . ^^^ Overexpression of TIF 2 or AIB 1 in transient transfection assays differentially enhanced ERbeta mediated transcription of reporter plasmids containing the A 2 , pS 2 , B 1 , and OT EREs . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01178 and Q92731 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Transfection and DNA protein binding experiments using high levels of either oestrogen receptor ( ER ) alpha or ERbeta imply a direct interaction of these transcription factors with the multiple hormone response element ( HRE ) at approximately 160 from the transcription start site of the OT gene in most species . ^^^ Second , the human and bovine OT promoter can be made artificially responsive towards oestrogen in a cotransfection system over expressing ERalpha or ERbeta , but not in cells expressing natural levels of these steroid receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01178 and Q92731 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In rats , the magnocellular neurons that produce vasopressin ( VP ) and oxytocin ( OT ) express estrogen receptor beta ( ER beta ) . ^^^ Thus , E 2 inhibition of NMDA stimulated VP and OT release may be mediated by ER beta . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01178 and Q92731 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In contrast , the treatment of OVX rats with E ( 2 ) elevated ERbeta mRNA ( 1 . 5 fold , P < 0 . 05 ) but similarly to genistein increased OT , OTR , eNOS and ERalpha mRNA . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01178 and Q92731 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The data strongly suggest the involvement in social recognition of the four genes coding for ER alpha , ER beta , OT , and the OT receptor . ^^^ In our model , estrogens act on the OT system at two levels : through ER beta , they regulate the production of OT in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus , and through ER alpha , they drive the transcription of the OT receptor in the amygdala . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01178 and Q92731 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In contrast , only approximately 7 . 5 % of oxytocin ( OT ) MNCs express ER beta . ^^^ Because hyper osmolality is a potent stimulus for VP and OT release , this suggests an inhibitory role for ER beta in MNCs . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01178 and Q92731 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mice with deletions of the oxytocin gene [ OT knockout mice ( OTKO ) ] and mice whose genes for estrogen receptor ( ER ) alpha or ER beta have been disrupted [ ER knockout mice ( ERKO ) , alpha ERKO and beta ERKO ] are specifically impaired in their recognition of , aversion to , and memory of the odors of infected individuals . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01178 and Q92731 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We show that mice with deletions of the oxytocin gene ( OT knockout mice ( OTKO ) ) and mice whose genes for estrogen receptor ( ER ) alpha or ER beta [ ER knockout mice ( ERKO ) , alphaERKO and betaERKO ] have been disrupted are specifically impaired in their recognition , avoidance , and memory of the odors of infected individuals . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P01178 and Q92731 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although it is known that some ER beta containing neurons co express OT and AVP , but not CRH , in the PVN , it is not yet determined whether ER beta activation may indeed play a role in estrogenic regulation on syntheses of these neuropeptides . ^^^ In the present study , we tested this hypothesis by comparing the effects of estrogen on the levels of OT , AVP and CRH messenger RNA ( mRNA ) between ER beta knockout ( betaERKO ) and wild type ( WT ) control male mice . ^^^ Furthermore , estrogen did not cause any changes in the levels of OT or AVP mRNA , regardless of genotype , in the supraoptic nucleus where , unlike in rats , ER beta containing neurons are rarely found in mice . ^^^ Finally , estrogen significantly increased OT mRNA levels in both betaERKO and WT in the medial preoptic area , which contains both ER alpha and ER beta . ^^^ These results suggest that ER beta activation may play a critical role in estrogenic regulation of OT and AVP gene expression in the PVN . . ^^^ |
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