Pubmed abstracts for Protein-Protein Interaction search result :

Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.50527574
Analysis of the ANP receptor subtypes by affinity labeling has shown that a bovine pulmonary aortic endothelial cell line ( CPAE cells ) primarily expresses ANP R 1 ( R , receptor ) coupled to particulate guanylate cyclase , while Hela cells from human cervical carcinoma predominantly express ANP R 2 , which lacks a guanylate cyclase . alpha hANP could bind to both ANP receptor subtypes with high affinity , while MetSO alpha hANP showed more selective binding to ANP R 2 than to ANP R 1 . 0.50527574^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.72449939
Atrial natriuretic factor activates membrane bound guanylate cyclase of chief cells . 0.72449939^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.53322217
The dispersion of a fully responsive guanylate cyclase to ANF will help us to uncover the type of interactions between guanylate cyclase and ANF . 0.53322217^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.52830177
Physical and functional association of the atrial natriuretic peptide receptor with particulate guanylate cyclase as demonstrated using detergent extracts of bovine lung membranes . 0.52830177^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.52015403
Ciliary process guanylate cyclase was associated predominantly with the particulate fraction and was partially activated by ANP ( EC 50 , approximately 1 nM ) relative to a maximal dose of Na Nitroprusside ( 2 uM ) , whereas particulate adenylate cyclase ( basal as well as forskolin stimulated activity ) showed no responses to ANP at doses up to 0 . 3 uM . 0.52015403^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.64979941
ANF apparently activates membrane bound guanylate cyclase in this segment . . 0.64979941^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.53399038
Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) binds principally to NPR A , whereas C type natriuretic peptide ( CNP ) binds to NPR B . 0.53399038^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.61295814
Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) regulates diverse physiological responses by binding to its specific guanylyl cyclase A receptor ( Npra ) which synthesizes the intracellular second messenger cGMP . 0.61295814^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.73871042
We investigate the interaction of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) and C type natriuretic peptide ( CNP ) with their receptors ( NPRA , NPRB and NPRC ) , as well as the proportion and localization of those receptors in the rat ciliary body . 0.73871042^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To elucidate the ligand receptor relationship of the natriuretic peptide system , which comprises at least three endogenous ligands , atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) , brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) , and C type natriuretic peptide ( CNP ) , and three receptors , the ANP A receptor or guanylate cyclase A ( GC A ) , the ANP B receptor or guanylate cyclase B ( GC B ) , and the clearance receptor ( C receptor ) , we characterized the receptor preparations from human , bovine , and rat tissues and cultured cells with the aid of the binding assay , Northern blot technique , and the cGMP production method . ^^^ Using these receptor preparations , we examined the binding affinities of ANP , BNP , and CNP for the C receptor and their potencies for cGMP production via the ANP A receptor ( GC A ) and the ANP B receptor ( GC B ) . ^^^ The rank order of potency for cGMP production via the ANP A receptor ( GC A ) was ANP greater than or equal to BNP much greater than CNP , but that via the ANP B receptor ( GC B ) was CNP greater than ANP greater than or equal to BNP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results indicate that both types of culture contain guanylate cyclase coupled ANP receptors , with astrocytes containing predominantly the ANP A subtype and neurons predominantly the ANP B subtype . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By contrast , in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells at the first , fifth , and 17th passages , the ANP B receptor mRNA level markedly increased ; meanwhile , the expression of the ANP A receptor mRNA became undetectable . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This analog , which retains many of the spatial relationships of the native molecule , binds to both ANP A and ANP C receptor subtypes , and triggers the production of cyclic GMP by ANP A . ^^^ ANP [ 13 27 ] [ 1 8 ] , a truncated analog in which much of this binding domain has been removed , surprisingly maintains a high affinity for ANP C ; however , this peptide has lost the ability to activate the ANP A linked guanylate cyclase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The natriuretic peptide system is composed of at least three distinct endogenous peptides : atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) , brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) and C type natriuretic peptide ( CNP ) , and three receptors : ANP A receptor / GC A , ANP B receptor / GC B and the clearance receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These receptors are thought to serve a clearance function ( Maack et al . : Science 238 : 675 678 , 1987 ) and may be linked to a guanylate cyclase activity that is chemically and pharmacologically distinct from that coupled to ANP A ( ANF R 1 ) receptors ( Fthiere et al . : Mol Pharmacol 35 : 584 592 , 1989 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We conclude that ANP via the activation of the ANP A receptor alters K+ homeostasis through a Ca ( 2+ ) activatable K ( + ) conductive pathway likely to be the maxi K channel . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To test the hypothesis that expression of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) receptor genes is modified to provide a compensatory mechanism against hypoxic pulmonary hypertension , steady state mRNA levels for the ANP A receptor ( or guanylate cyclase A ; ANPAR ) , ANP B receptor ( or guanylate cyclase B ; ANPBR ) , and ANP clearance receptor ( ANPCR ) were quantitated by Northern blot and slot blot analysis in lung , kidney , spleen , and liver of hypoxia adapted rats and air controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In many tissues ANP action is associated with an increase in cellular guanosine 3 ' , 5 ' cyclic monophosphate ( cGMP ) mediated through binding of the peptide to one of its receptors [ ANP A ( R 1 ) ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There are three subtypes of receptors : ANP A and ANP B , which are bioactive , and the C receptor , which does not seem to be directly related to bioactivity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The natriuretic peptide system consists of at least three endogenous ligands : atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) , brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) and C type natriuretic peptide ( CNP ) , and three receptors , ANP A receptor ( guanylate cyclase A ) , ANP B receptor ( guanylate cyclase B ) and clearance receptor ( C receptor ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both ANP A and ANP B receptor mRNAs were detected in the tissues of decidua vera , chorion laeve , myometrium and placenta . ^^^ The in vitro cGMP generation assay revealed that the expression of ANP A receptor was more prominent than that of ANP B receptor in these tissues . ^^^ On the other hand , in amniotic tissue only ANP B receptor mRNA was weakly expressed but ANP A receptor mRNA was not detected . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ANP receptors present in these cells consist of a mix of ANP A and ANP B sites ( `` biological receptors ' ' ) and also ANP C sites ( `` clearance receptors ' ' ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three natriuretic peptide receptors ( the ANP A , ANP B , and clearance ( C ) receptors ) have been reported . ^^^ By contrast , neither the ANP A receptor nor the ANP B receptor mRNA level was affected by 8 bromo cyclic AMP . ^^^ The nuclear run on assay showed that the transcriptional rate of the C receptor gene was decreased by isoproterenol , whereas those of the ANP A and ANP B receptor genes were unchanged . ^^^ Isoproterenol attenuated the clearance of exogenously added ANP and augmented the ANP stimulated intracellular cyclic GMP production to the same extent as the selective occupancy of the C receptor with C ANF ( 4 23 ) , suggesting that the isoproterenol induced enhancement of responsiveness to ANP could result not from the sensitization of the ANP A or ANP B receptor but from the down regulation of the C receptor , which leads to the attenuated clearance of ANP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The binding and agonist activities of AP 811 have been compared with those of other ANP analogs for the ANP A and ANP C receptors . ^^^ In contrast , AP 811 showed no agonistic effect for the ANP A receptor , although it could bind to this receptor . ^^^ Comparing the biological activities of AP 811 with those of other ANP analogs , we propose that the binding and agonist sites for the ANP A receptor may consist of separate regions of ANP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two classes of high affinity binding sites for atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) were identified in a microsomal fraction from human placental artery using radioligand binding methods and des [ Gln 18 , Ser 19 , Gly 20 , Leu 21 , Gly 22 ] ANP ( 4 2 3 ) ( C ANP ) , a partially ring deleted analogue of ANP , consistent with the presence of ANP A and ANP C receptor subtypes in this tissue [ dissociation equilibrium constant ( Kd ) 58 pM , maximum binding capacity ( Bmax ) 14 fmol / mg membrane protein , and Kd 82 pM , Bmax 28 fmol / mg , respectively ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The natriuretic peptide system comprises at least three ligands , atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) , brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) , and C type natriuretic peptide ( CNP ) and three receptors , the ANP A receptor , the ANP B receptor , and the clearance ( C ) receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Considering that CNP is a specific ligand for ANP B receptor , while ANP is that for ANP A receptor , the result demonstrates that CNP possesses the similar central action to ANP , and suggests that the distribution of ANP A and ANP B receptors and / or their affinity towards each natriuretic peptide are different in the central nervous system . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In renal papillae no displacement of [ 125I ] ANF by C ANF was observed , and CNP was bound to ANP A receptors with the same very low affinity as in preglomerular vessels . ^^^ Since the ANP A receptor has little or no avidity for CNP , it is probably the low affinity binding site . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By contrast , ANP was the most effective stimulator of cGMP levels in SH and WKY rat astrocyte glial cultures , suggesting the presence of ANP A receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The difference between Bmax for rANP 99 126 and Bmax for rANP 103 123 ( ANP A receptor binding ) indicates moderate up regulation of ANP A receptors in the clipped , and down regulation in the contralateral kidney of 2K 1C ( 2K 1C , right vs . left , P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results suggest that ANP specifically binds to the ANP A receptor of 120 kDa and that there is no ANP C receptor in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , the expression of both ANP A and ANP B receptor , biologically active receptors for natriuretic peptides , was detected in term human placenta by Northern bolt analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
First , intracellular cGMP levels were measured after platelet stimulation with humanANP ( hANP ) and CNP , in order to detect the presence of ANP A or ANP B receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In parallel studies , the proportion of ANF R 1 ( ANP A , B ) and ANF R 2 ( ANP C ) receptors in glomeruli , calculated from competitive inhibition experiments , was 86 + / 2 and 14 + / 2 % , respectively ( P < 0 . 005 ) . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : These results indicate that rat renal preglomerular microvessels contain a high proportion of guanylate cyclase coupled ANF R 1 ( ANP A , B ) and a low density of ANF R 2 ( ANP C ) receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In these SCLC cell lines and HeLa cells , ANP A receptor mRNA was identified by Southern blot analyses of polymerase chain reaction products and RNase protection assays using poly ( A ) ( + ) selected RNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The radioligand was totally displaced by unlabelled ANP , but not by brain natriuretic peptide or the ANP fragment c ANP 4 23 , indicative of ANP A receptor preference . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANP receptors are of three subtypes : ANP A , B and C receptors . ^^^ ANP A and ANP B receptors are guanylyl cyclase receptors , whereas ANP C receptors are coupled to adenylyl cyclase inhibition or phospholipase C activation through inhibitory guanine nucleotide regulating protein . ^^^ ANP A , B and C receptors are decreased in number in deoxycorticosterone acetate salt treated kidneys and vasculature ; however , the responsiveness of adenylyl cyclase to ANP is augmented in the vasculature and heart and is attenuated completely in platelets . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , the gene expression of BNP , which acts as a cardiac hormone , and the gene expression of the ANP A receptor , which is specific to ANP and BNP , was first detected on days 8 and 21 , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results indicate that ANP induces biological effects in the rat mammary gland through specific ANP A receptor interaction with subsequent intracellular cGMP formation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Amplification products of the expected sizes of ANP A , ANP B and ANP C receptors were detected in the inner ear . ^^^ These results suggest that natriuretic peptide family may influence the function of the inner ear through the ANP A , ANP B , and ANP C receptors . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANP A and vasopressin V1a receptor genes were expressed in the ES . ^^^ In situ hybridization experiments demonstrated aldosterone receptor gene expression in epithelial cells of the intermediate potion of the ES , while expression of ANP A or V1a receptor genes was not detected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ANP A receptor is the specific membrane receptor for ANP , which produces cGMP . ^^^ The clearance receptor of natriuretic peptide ( CR ) is postulated to modulate local concentrations of ANP , thereby modulating cGMP production through the ANP A receptor . ^^^ To investigate the possible effects of CR downregulation on the functional modulation of ANP A receptor activation , cGMP production ( 20 min ) by OFPAE cells was measured in response to ANP ( 10 pM 1 microM ) with or without pretreatment ( 24 h ) of 10 ng / ml bFGF . ^^^ Treatment of OFPAE cells with 10 ng / ml bFGF ( 24 h ) did not alter maximum ANP A activity ( cGMP production / 20 min ) , but decreased the apparent ED ( 50 ) of ANP to stimulate cGMP production from 2 . 5 to 0 . 83 nM , suggesting the possibility that bFGF mediated downregulation of CR may elevate ANP mediated cGMP production responses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) mediates a variety of physiological effects through its interaction with ANP A , ANP B or ANP C receptors . ^^^ On the other hand , ANP A / B receptor mediated increases in cGMP levels were not inhibited by antisense oligonucleotide treatment . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) mediates a variety of physiological effects through its interaction with ANP A , ANP B or ANP C receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANP has been shown to downregulate ANP A and B receptors and cGMP response in various tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Groups of immature ( 20 day old ) rats were given three subcutaneous injections ( 28 , 16 and 4 h before sacrifice ) of 2 nmol / 100 g of the four peptides and / or selective antagonists of their receptors ( VIP A , ANP A , ADM A and PAMP A ) , and 0 . 1 mg / 100 g vincristin 3 h before autopsy . ^^^ Both ANP and ANP A decreased MI and their effects displayed additivity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We assessed the biologic activity of the 3 ANP receptors ( ANP A , ANP B , ANP C ) in the rat inner ear by measuring receptor upregulation after inner ear administration of ANPs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A previous study at this institution demonstrated the ability to up regulate the expression of the three ANP receptors ( ANP A , ANP B , ANP C ) in response to round window injection of ANP in the rat inner ear . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , changes in concentration do not predict achievement of euvolemia , and short half life , combined with complicated assay techniques , make ANP a less than satisfactory tool for assessing hydration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The atrial natriuretic peptide receptor type A ( ANPRA ) and the homologous receptor type B ( ANPRB ) are both membrane guanylyl cyclases that synthesize cyclic GMP as an intracellular second messenger . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Primers used in the reaction were designed from the reported cDNA sequence for human placental atrial natriuretic peptide receptor A ( ANPRA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of mRNA for atrial natriuretic peptide receptor guanylate cyclase ( ANPRA ) in human retina . 1 . ^^^ Here we report the mRNA expression for the atrial natriuretic peptide receptor type A form of guanylate cyclase ( ANPRA ) in human retina . 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results indicate that ANPRA is the major biologically active receptor for the ANP family of hormones in the kidney and is present selectively on the glomerular epithelial cells and inner medullary collecting duct cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , mice deficient in the ANP receptor type A ( ANPRA ) would have even greater hypertrophy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results suggest that guanylyl cyclase coupled receptors ( atrial natriuretic peptide receptor A [ ANPR A ] ) specific for ANF and BNP are present in rat mTAL , while those for CNP ( ANPR B ) are absent . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Functional domains and expression of truncated atrial natriuretic peptide receptor A : the carboxyl terminal regions direct the receptor internalization and sequestration in COS 7 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Genetic disruption of atrial natriuretic peptide receptor A alters renin and angiotensin 2 levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of atrial natriuretic peptide receptor A antagonizes the mitogen activated protein kinases ( Erk 2 and P38MAPK ) in cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor A ( NPRA ) plays important role ( s ) in the control of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure homeostasis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of seven hypertrophy related genes in this and two categorically different models ( lack of atrial natriuretic peptide receptor A ; overexpression of calsequestrin ) were compared . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gen significantly affected the expression of genes encoding for proteins centrally involved in the vascular tone such as endothelin converting enzyme 1 , endothelin 2 , estrogen related receptor alpha and atrial natriuretic peptide receptor A precursor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At the cellular level proANFs 1 30 , 31 67 , and 79 98 as well as ANF ' s effects are mediated by enhancement of the guanylate cyclase ( EC 4 . 6 . 1 . 2 ) cyclic GMP system in vasculature and in the kidney . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The genetically tailored GC alpha , GC alpha DmutGln338Leu364 , however , is not only a guanylate cyclase but also an ANF receptor and is structurally and functionally identical to the cloned wild type ANF receptor guanylate cyclase , GC A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Comparison of a cloned ANF sensitive guanylate cyclase ( GC A ) with particulate guanylate cyclase from adrenal cortex . ^^^ Recently , an ANF sensitive guanylate cyclase ( GC A ) has been cloned from a rat brain cDNA library . ^^^ Here we studied the stimulation of cyclic GMP accumulation in response to atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) , urodilatin and atriopeptin 1 ( AP 1 ) in a rat glioma C 6 cell line permanently transfected with GC A as well as GC A activity in membranes from these C 6 cells and in membranes from COS 7 cells that were transiently transfected with GC A . ^^^ Binding affinities were comparable for ANF and urodilatin in membranes from cells transfected with GC A and in membranes from adrenal cortex of both sources , whereas AP 1 had a weaker affinity in all preparations studied . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of these cDNAs on mammalian cells revealed that ( 1 ) GC B is a specific receptor for CNP whereas GC A is stimulated effectively both by ANP and BNP , and ( 2 ) the two forms of GC B possess practically the same high binding affinity for CNP while the shorter form could not induce cGMP production by the binding of CNP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) binds to the guanylyl cyclase A ( GC A ) receptor found in tissues such as the kidney and adrenal gland , resulting in marked elevations of the intracellular signaling molecule , cGMP . ^^^ The mobility of GC A on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis increases after treatment of cells with ANP , and protein phosphatase 2A induces the same mobility shift . ^^^ The protein phosphatase also catalyzes dephosphorylation of GC A , and this is directly correlated with decreases in ANP stimulatable guanylyl cyclase activity . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) binds to the guanylyl cyclase A ( GC A ) receptor found in tissues such as the kidney and adrenal gland , resulting in marked elevations of the intracellular signaling molecule , cGMP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using these cell lines , we showed that GC A is an ANP / BNP receptor , whereas GC B is a specific receptor for CNP . ^^^ Effects of HS 142 1 , a novel non peptide ANP antagonist , on GC A and GC B were examined by using these cells . ^^^ In cells expressing either GC A or GC B , HS 142 1 inhibited cGMP production elicited by ANP or CNP with IC 50 values of 1 . 8 micrograms / ml and 1 . 5 micrograms / ml , respectively , and also competitively blocked specific binding of the natriuretic peptides with IC 50 values of 2 . 2 micrograms / ml and 3 . 3 micrograms / ml , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since the atrial natriuretic peptide gene is expressed in all these tissues , our widespread detection of GC A and GC B mRNAs now suggests that natriuretic peptides may act as endocrine and paracrine hormones as well as neurotransmitters via both GC A and GC B receptors . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) binds to a transmembrane receptor having intrinsic guanylyl cyclase activity ; this receptor has been designated GC A . ^^^ Binding of ANP to GC A stimulates its catalytic activity , resulting in increased production of the second messenger , cyclic GMP . ^^^ Here we show that GC A can be expressed in insect cells using a recombinant baculovirus and that the expressed protein retained its abilities to bind ANP and to function as an ANP activated guanylyl cyclase . ^^^ In addition , GC A produced in insect cells was absolutely dependent on the presence of adenine nucleotides for activation by ANP . ^^^ These studies suggest that binding of an adenine nucleotide , most likely to the protein kinase like domain of GC A , is absolutely required for ANP activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have isolated and characterized three genomic clones and a genomic fragment amplified by the polymerase chain reaction that contain the rat guanylyl cyclase A ( GC A ) / atrial natriuretic peptide receptor gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One form , GC A , is a receptor for atrial natriuretic peptide , and the binding of ligand causes marked increases in cGMP production . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) binds directly to a plasma membrane form of guanylate cyclase ( GC A ) , stimulating the production of the second messenger cyclic GMP . ^^^ Cyclic GMP concentrations in cells transfected with GC A were half maximally elevated at 3 nM ANP , 25 nM brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) , and 65 nM atriopeptin 1 , while 25 microM ANP , 6 microM BNP , and greater than 100 microM atriopeptin 1 were required for half maximal stimulation of GC B . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) binds directly to a plasma membrane form of guanylate cyclase ( GC A ) , stimulating the production of the second messenger cyclic GMP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) is released from the heart in response to atrial stretch and is thought to mediate its natriuretic and vaso relaxant effects through the guanylyl cyclase A receptor ( GC A ) . ^^^ Therefore , mutations in the GC A gene could explain some salt resistant forms of essential hypertension and , coupled with previous work , further suggest that the GC A signaling pathway dominates at the level of peripheral resistance , where it can operate independently of ANP . . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) is released from the heart in response to atrial stretch and is thought to mediate its natriuretic and vaso relaxant effects through the guanylyl cyclase A receptor ( GC A ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cross linking of [ 125I ] ANP to uterine membranes revealed the presence of one band of 130 kilodaltons , corresponding to the guanylyl cyclase ( GC A and / or GC B ) subtypes of natriuretic peptide receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have evaluated the genes for angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) and guanylyl cyclase A / atrial natriuretic peptide receptor ( GCA ) for genetic effects on blood pressure response to high salt diet . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The order of potency of these peptides was CNP > ANP > BNP , which would be compatible with a predominance of guanylate cyclase B ( GC B ) versus guanylate cyclase A ( GC A ) type receptors in these cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Stimulation of guanylyl cyclase A ( GC A ) by atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) is antagonized by activators of protein kinase C ( PKC ) . ^^^ Here , we have developed stable GC A transfectants of NIH3T3 cells , which display marked reductions in hormone dependent cGMP elevations and guanylyl cyclase activity after incubation with ANP or phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate ( PMA ) . ^^^ The specific PKC inhibitor , GF 109203X , completely blocked the PMA dependent dephosphorylation and desensitization of GC A but failed to inhibit either ANP dependent process . ^^^ Tryptic phosphopeptide maps of GC A isolated from ANP or PMA treated cells were unique , suggesting that the sites that dephosphorylated in response to each agent were different . ^^^ In contrast to previous reports , we conclude that PMA and ANP desensitization of GC A are distinct events mediated by dephosphorylation of specific residues through PKC dependent and independent pathways , respectively . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present report demonstrates functional membrane GC in rat pinealocytes by ( 1 ) cross linking analyses with radiolabelled atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) ; ( 2 ) reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) and DNA blot hybridization with probes for both the GC A and GC B forms of the natriuretic receptor ; and ( 3 ) monolayer cell cultures of pinealocytes , which accumulate cGMP in response to ANP and its related peptides . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GCA responds to ANP , GCB to C type natriuretic peptide , and GCC to guanylin and STa . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There was no evidence for the expression of either guanylate cyclase linked GC A receptor or atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) C ( clearance ) receptor mRNAs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Attempts to activate partially purified preparations of the guanylyl cyclase A ( GC A ) receptor with atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) have previously failed , leading to speculation that essential cofactors are lost during purification procedures . ^^^ Both native and purified GC A contained a single class of high affinity ANP binding sites ( Kd = 60 pM ) and an equivalent EC 50 for ATP ( 0 . 3 mM ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These studies were designed to characterize the atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANF ) receptor subtypes ( guanylyl cyclase GC A and GC B and ANF C ) in normal sheep kidneys and to evaluate alterations in receptor kinetics during pregnancy . ^^^ Competition binding receptor assays using [ 125I ] human ANF showed that inner medullary membranes are exclusively of the GC A subtype . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Guanylyl cyclase A ( GC A ) , a receptor for A type natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) , contains an extracellular ligand binding domain , a single transmembrane domain , and intracellular protein kinase like and cyclase catalytic domains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) , a proposed ligand for GC A , has been suggested as critical for the maintenance of normal blood pressure during high salt intake . ^^^ In this report , we show that infusion of ANP results in substantial natriuresis and diuresis in wild type mice but fails to cause significant changes in sodium excretion or urine output in GC A deficient mice . ^^^ ANP , therefore , appears to signal through GC A in the kidney . ^^^ That granule release occurred was confirmed by measurements of plasma ANP concentrations , which were markedly elevated in both wild type and GC A null mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since ANP and CNP are the ligands for two particulate guanylate cyclases , guanylate cyclase A ( GC A ) and guanylate cyclase B ( GC B ) , respectively , these results reveal the expression of GC B in MC3T3 E 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of toad lung receptors by a competitive binding assay demonstrated three different subtypes of ANF receptors : the guanylyl cyclase ( GC ) receptors , GC A and GC B , as well as clearance ( C ) receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Guanylyl cyclase ( GCA ) receptors mediate the effects of ANF by generating cGMP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cloned ANF sensitive guanylyl cyclase ( GC A ) and ANF sensitive guanylyl cyclase from adrenal cortex differ in their sensitivity to the ANF analogs atriopeptin 1 and urodilatin . ^^^ Tunicamycin altered the response of GC A to atriopeptin 1 and urodilatin , whereas the sensitivity to ANF remained unchanged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , the CNP receptor ( GC B ) and GC A ( receptor for ANP and BNP ) were identified by RT PCR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of mRNA encoding guanylate cyclase A ( GC A ) / atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) receptor in the rat cochlea was examined by polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) and in situ hybridization ( ISH ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Competition studies between 125I ANP and ANP ( atrial natriuretic peptide ) or the ring deleted analog C ANF 4 23 ( C ANF ) revealed the presence of the A type natriuretic peptide receptor ( GC A receptor ) and the ANP clearance ( ANP C ) receptor in the rat parotid membrane . ^^^ The ratio of the GC A and ANP C receptors was about 3 to 1 . ^^^ Based on the binding studies with ANP and C ANF and cGMP analysis by ANP and CNP , the natriuretic peptide receptors in the rat parotid gland were demonstrated to have a rank order on the amount of GC A receptor > GC B receptor > ANP C receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have previously shown that rat ovaries synthesize atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) and express the cognate guanylyl cyclase ( GC A and GC B ) receptors for ANP . ^^^ GC A and GC B receptors were detected using quantitative autoradiography after application of either [ 125I ] ANP or [ 125I ] tyr0CNP to sections of frozen ovaries . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pregnancy decreased the maximal binding of 125I labeled ANF to guanylyl cyclase ( GC ) linked ANF GC receptors in glomeruli and papillae and increased the binding to clearance receptors ( ANF C ) in glomeruli ; ANF C receptors were not detected in the papillae Ribonuclease protection assay detected mRNAs for all the three receptors in the papillae ; pregnancy decreased GC A and ANF C but not GC B receptor mRNAs . ^^^ It is concluded that a decrease in the renal effects of ANF during pregnancy is caused by a downregulation of renal ANF GC A receptors and receptor coupled cGMP production . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HS 142 1 , an antagonist for guanylate cyclase A ( GC A ) and B , co incubated with ANP , restored the PDGF induced PDGFR autophosphorylation . ^^^ These results demonstrate that ANP suppresses PDGFR PTK through GC A probably by activating PKG . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) or B type natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) half maximally relaxed precontracted aortic rings in wild type mice at about 24 nM , but failed to relax such aortas in GC A null mice , even at micromolar concentrations . ^^^ Thus , two natriuretic peptides ( ANP , BNP ) act through GC A whereas another ( CNP ) acts through another receptor to regulate blood pressure . . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) or B type natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) half maximally relaxed precontracted aortic rings in wild type mice at about 24 nM , but failed to relax such aortas in GC A null mice , even at micromolar concentrations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three subtypes have been characterized and cloned : ANP receptor A ( or GC A ) , B ( or GC B ) and C ( the so called clearance receptor ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Of six Cys residues found within the extracellular domain of guanylyl cyclase A ( GC A ) , the receptor for atrial natriuretic peptide , five are conserved within GC G . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated if the refractoriness to the tocolytic effects of atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) during rat pregnancy is due to a downregulation of one or both guanylyl cyclase ( GC ) coupled GC A and GC B ANF receptors ; lungs were used as controls . ^^^ Uteri and lungs of virgin , pregnant ( days 7 , 16 , and 21 ) , and day 2 postpartum rats expressed mRNAs for GC A and GC B as well as GC uncoupled ANF C receptors . ^^^ Pregnancy decreased uterine mRNAs and proteins for GC A and GC B receptors as well as the effects of ANF and C type natriuretic peptide ( CNP ) on uterine GC activity ; lung ANF receptors and effects of ANF and CNP on lung GC activity were not modulated by pregnancy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In zona glomerulosa cells , ribonuclease protection assay detected mRNAs for guanylate cyclase ( GC ) coupled ANP GC A and GC B receptors , and for ANP C receptors , which are not coupled to GC . ^^^ It is concluded that ANP receptors in rat adrenal zona glomerulosa are modulated by pregnancy , oestrogen and progesterone ; a decrease in ANP GC A receptors during pregnancy might explain the accompanying decrease in the aldosterone suppressant effects of ANP . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we examined the effects of ANP and CNP , which are endogenous ligands for GC A and GC B , respectively , on bone growth using an organ culture of fetal mouse tibias , an in vitro model of endochondral ossification . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The guanylyl cyclase A ( GC A ) receptor is known to require both atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) and an adenine nucleotide for maximal cyclase activation . ^^^ When membranes from NIH 3T3 cells stably overexpressing GC A were incubated with ATP , AMPPNP , or ATPgammaS , only ATPgammaS dramatically potentiated ANP dependent cyclase activity . ^^^ When the membranes were incubated with ATPgammaS and then washed , GC A now became sensitive to ANP / AMPPNP stimulation , suggestive that thiophosphorylation had sensitized GC A to ligand and adenine nucleotide binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The non hydrolysable ATP analogue , adenylylimidodiphosphate , potentiated the effects of submaximal doses of ANP , BNP and urodilatin on this particulate GC A , and attenuated or abolished sensitivity to isatin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects of ANP seemed to be mediated by the guanylate cyclase coupled A ( GC A ) receptor and cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) : whereas expression of both GC A and GC B receptors as well as of the GC C receptor was found , cGMP did protect from ischemia reperfusion damage , but selective ligands of the B and C receptor did not . ^^^ This effect is mediated via the GC A receptor and cGMP , and may be linked to an influence of ANP on NF kappaB activation . ^^^ Thus , ANP signaling via the GC A receptor should be considered as a new pharmacological target to prevent preservation injury of the liver . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Membrane bound guanylate cyclase , GC A , contains an extracellular ANF binding domain and an intracellular kinase like domain plus catalytic domain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANP ( 200 nM ) reduced Kupffer cell induced injury via the guanylyl cyclase coupled A receptor ( GCA receptor ) and cGMP : mRNA expression of the GCA receptor was found in hepatocytes , endothelial cells , and Kupffer cells , and the cGMP analog 8 bromo cGMP ( 8 BrcGMP ; 50 microM ) was as potent as ANP in protecting from zymosan induced cell damage . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In confirmation , autoradiography of 125I tyroCNP and 125I ANP binding to the rat ovary showed that both guanylyl cyclase GC A and GC B receptor subtypes are localized to the granulosa cells of antral follicles . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANP and BNP have high affinities for GC A , and CNP is the preferred ligand for GC B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The following candidate genes were related to the delta ratio : renin , angiotensinogen , angiotensin converting enzyme , angiotensin 2 AT1b receptor , atrial natriuretic peptide , brain natriuretic peptide , atrial natriuretic peptide GC A receptor , kallikrein , endothelial nitric oxide synthase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Disruption of the atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) receptor [ guanylyl cyclase A ( GC A ) ] gene yields mice with a salt resistant form of hypertension , raising fundamental questions on the role of ANP in acute regulation of the kidney . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine if natriuretic peptide levels influence natriuretic peptide receptor expression and regulation , we examined the expression of guanylyl cyclase linked GC A , GC B and C receptor in the lungs of mice with a mutation that inactivates the ANP gene ( Nppa ) . ^^^ RESULTS : Results of RPA showed that although the mRNA level of GC A and GC B of heterozygous ANP+ / was not different from wild type ANP+ / + mice , they were significantly higher in the homozygous mutant ANP / mice . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Taken together these data suggest that permanent removal of ANP from the natriuretic peptide system results in an up regulation of GC A and GC B , and a corresponding down regulation of C receptor in the lung of proANP gene disrupted mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of membrane bound guanylate cyclase GC A by atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) may require the involvement of accessory proteins . ^^^ Expression of this cDNA in COS 7 cells potentiated ANF stimulated GC A activity . ^^^ Coimmunoprecipitation experiments indicate that GCRP associates with GC A in the presence of ANF . ^^^ These results suggest that ANF induces the association of GCRP with GC A and this association contributes to the activation of GC A . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Guanylate cyclase forms three types of ANP receptors , although NPR A and B ( GC A and B ) are biologically active and related to the synthesis of cGMP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CONCLUSION : GC A is located in the luminal membrane of IC of rat CCD and ANP acts through this receptor when regulating pH ( 1 ) via an inhibition of the Na+ / H+ exchanger . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Guanylyl cyclase subtype A ( GCA ) is the main receptor that mediates the effects of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) in the regulation of plasma volume and blood pressure . ^^^ The dynamics of the dissociation of ANP from GCA were investigated in cultured Chinese hamster ovary ( CHO ) cells stably transfected with wild type ( WT ) or mutant GCA receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In cultured cells overexpressing GC A , BNP and ANP were almost equivalent in potency , suggesting that a receptor unique for BNP exists in the kidney . ^^^ However , in mice lacking the GC A gene , neither BNP nor ANP significantly elevated cGMP in kidney slices . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANP and BNP exhibit diuretic , natriuretic , and vasodilatory activities via a guanylyl cyclase coupled natriuretic peptide receptor subtype ( guanylyl cyclase A or GC A ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Neither atrial natriuretic peptide nor C type natriuretic peptide ( agonists for GC A and GC B , respectively ) altered contractility in vitro of myometrium from women at term ( not in labor ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During comparative analyses of ANP receptor expression in various rat and bovine tissues , by UV light induced affinity cross linking to ( 125 ) 1 ANP , we uncovered a size heterogeneity of GC A , detectable as a 130 kDa protein in peripheral and as a 122 kDa protein in central nervous system tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Progressive cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in atrial natriuretic peptide receptor ( GC A ) deficient mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : The natriuretic peptides ( NPs ) , atrial ( ANP ) , B type ( BNP ) , and C type ( CNP ) natriuretic peptides as well as their respective receptor guanylyl cyclases ( GC A for ANP and BNP , and GC B for CNP ) are expressed in the heart . ^^^ In the present study we evaluated the effects of ANP and CNP on cardiac function of wild type ( GC A + / + ) and GC A deficient ( GC A / ) mice . ^^^ ANP has no direct effects on cardiac contractility but chronic absence of its receptor , GC A , results in increased responsiveness to CNP . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GC A , the receptor for ANP and BNP , also named natriuretic peptide receptor A or 1 ( NPR A or NPR 1 ) , has been studied widely . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One of the principal loci involved in the regulatory action of ANP is the guanylyl cyclase linked ANP receptor which has been designated as NPRA , also referred to as GC A , whose ANP binding efficiency and guanylyl cyclase activity vary remarkably in different target tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In particular , the contribution of the direct vasodilating effect of ANP to the hypotensive actions remains controversial , because variable levels of the ANP receptor , guanylyl cyclase A ( GC A ) , are expressed in different vascular beds . ^^^ The objective of our study was to determine whether a selective deletion of GC A in vascular smooth muscle would affect the hypotensive actions of ANP . ^^^ Accordingly , the relaxing effects of ANP on isolated vessels from these mice were abolished ; despite this fact , chronic arterial blood pressure of awake SMC GC A KO mice was normal . ^^^ Infusion of ANP caused immediate decreases in blood pressure in floxed GC A but not in SMC GC A knockout mice . ^^^ Furthermore , acute vascular volume expansion , which causes release of cardiac ANP , did not affect resting blood pressure of floxed GC A mice , but rapidly and significantly increased blood pressure of SMC GC A knockout mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Findings that cyclic GMP formation was preferentially activated by CNP but not by the related peptide , ANP , were consistent with RT PCR analyses , demonstrating gene expression of the CNP receptor , GC B , but not of the ANP receptor , GC A , in these cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The modest increase of cGMP upon stimulation by ANP suggests that in all these organs either exists only a small subpopulation of cells that express particulate cyclase GC A or GC A is expressed at very low level . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mice with a genetic deletion of the atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) receptor , guanylyl cyclase A ( GC A / ) , have chronic arterial hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy from the first day of life . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We recently generated mice with selective deletion of the ANP receptor , guanylyl cyclase A ( GC A ) , in vascular smooth muscle ( SMC GC A knockout ( KO ) mice ) and reported that resting arterial blood pressure was completely normal in spite of clear abolition of the direct vasodilating effects of ANP ( Holtwick , R . , Gotthardt , M . , Skryabin , B . , Steinmetz , M . , Potthast , R . , Zetsche , B . , Hammer , R . ^^^ Increased vasodilating responsiveness to endothelial NO contributes to compensate for the missing vasodilating effect of ANP in SMC GC A KO mice . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have recently shown that antioxidants such as 17beta estradiol , resveratrol , dithiothreitol and vitamin C activate membrane bound guanylate cyclase GC A , a receptor for atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) . ^^^ Quercetin inhibited CNP stimulated GC B activity , but had little effect on ANF stimulated GC A activity in PC 12 cells , suggesting that quercetin mainly activates GC B in PC 12 cells . ^^^ Furthermore , quercetin had a small effect on ANF stimulated GC A activity and had no effect on soluble guanylate cyclase activity in LLC PK 1 cells , suggesting that quercetin does not activate GC A , GC B or soluble guanylate cyclase in LLC PK 1 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , a loss of function of the ANP receptor guanylyl cyclase A ( GC A ) might contribute to the increased propensity to cardiac hypertrophy , although a causative role in vivo has not been definitively demonstrated . ^^^ To test whether local ANP modulates cardiomyocyte growth , we inactivated the GC A gene selectively in cardiomyocytes by homologous loxP / Cre mediated recombination . ^^^ Mice with cardiomyocyte restricted GC A deletion exhibited mild cardiac hypertrophy , markedly increased mRNA expression of cardiac hypertrophy markers such as ANP ( fivefold ) , alpha skeletal actin ( 1 . 7 fold ) , and beta myosin heavy chain ( twofold ) , and increased systemic circulating ANP levels . ^^^ This phenotype is consistent with a local function of the ANP / GC A system to moderate the molecular program of cardiac hypertrophy . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By contrast , ANP caused no significant change in tension from baseline in intact splenic arteries , intact splenic veins , or denuded splenic arteries derived from the GC A deficient mice , although these vessels did show normal concentration dependent increases in tension to phenylephrine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The natriuretic peptide comprises at least three ligands ( ANP , BNP , and CNP ) and three receptors ( GC A , GC B , and Clearance receptor ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While the mRNA for the human ANP receptor ( NPR A , GC A ) could be amplified , the CNP specific receptor NPR B ( GC B ) and the receptor specific for guanylins , GC C , could not be detected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Administration of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) , which activates GC A and B , significantly suppressed TGF mediated EPFR reduction either intravenously ( 10 nmol / kg / h ) or intraluminally ( 10 ( 5 ) mol / l in ATF ) ( 9+ / 3 % and 13+ / 2 % vs . 47+ / 3 % of the control , p < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overexpression of mRNAs encoding atrial natriuretic peptide , brain natriuretic peptide , collagens 1 and 3 , TGF beta 1 , TGF beta 3 , angiotensinogen , and angiotensin converting enzyme in the ventricles of male GC A KO mice was substantially decreased by castration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By interacting with a guanylyl cyclase ( GC ) activity containing receptor , termed GC A , atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) acts as a regulator of blood pressure and fluid volume homeostasis . ^^^ High expression levels of GC A in the testis and reported effects of ANP on testosterone secretion by Leydig cells are indicative of important local functions in this organ . ^^^ Although ontogenetic studies revealed a massive increase in GC A levels during sexual maturation , the so called natriuretic peptide clearance receptor , another type of ANP receptor proposed to locally control the availability of natriuretic peptides , was found to be expressed predominantly before puberty , exceeding the level of GC A expression at this time . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tamoxifen inhibited the activation of GC A by atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The action of ANP is mediated by its receptor , guanylyl cyclase coupled receptor A ( GC A ) . ^^^ In this study , we explored the possibility that ANP and GC A may play a role in the dendritic cell ( DC ) mediated immune regulation . ^^^ DCs responded to ANP with an increase in intracellular cGMP in a dose dependent manner , indicating that GC A expressed on DCs is functional . ^^^ These results indicate that ANP polarizes human DCs toward a Th 2 promoting phenotype through GC A and thus can regulate immune responses . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These effects are mediated by binding of ANP to a cell surface receptor [ type A guanylyl cyclase ( GC A ) ] . ^^^ It has been demonstrated by studies in monogenetic mouse models that the ANP / GC A system participates in the maintenance of blood pressure homeostasis . ^^^ A specific deletion mutation of the GC A gene did not account for the diminished relaxant effects of ANP in our study population . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : The vascular ANP / GC A pathway is altered in patients with EH , in addition to the known defects on the nitric oxide / cGMP pathway . ^^^ Attenuation of the vasodilative responses to ANP suggests impaired receptor or postreceptor responsiveness of GC A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : Atrial ( ANP ) and B type natriuretics peptides ( BNP ) via their guanylyl cyclase A ( GC A ) receptor not only regulate arterial blood pressure and volume but also exert local antihypertrophic , antifibrotic and lusitropic effects in the heart . ^^^ To elucidate whether cardiac hypertrophy / insufficiency and reversal is associated with changes in the local responsiveness to NPs , we compared the mRNA expression of ANP , BNP and receptors and the responsiveness of GC A to ANP in left ventricular tissue obtained from 10 patients with congestive heart failure ( CHF ) before and after hemodynamic unloading by left ventricular assist device ( LVAD ) support . ^^^ GC A mRNA expression levels were not different from nonfailing hearts , but cGMP production by GC A in response to ANP was nearly abolished . ^^^ Reversal of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy during LVAD support was accompanied by normalization of ANP , BNP and NPR C mRNA levels and a significant recovery of GC A responsiveness to ANP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TNP c was equipotent to ANP in specific GC A assays or aortic ring assays whereas TNP a and TNP b were either inactive ( GC A over expressing cells and endothelium denuded aortic rings ) or weakly active ( endothelium intact aortic rings ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two , GC A and GC B or NPR A and NPR B , are widely distributed receptors for atrial natriuretic peptide , brain natriuretic peptide and C type natriuretic peptide , more commonly known as ANP , BNP and CNP , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANP and BNP have high affinity for GC A and CNP for GC B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The GC A and ANP gene knock outs demonstrated that this signalling system is not only essential in the maintenance of normal blood pressure and volume , but also has local , growth moderating functions within the heart itself . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To dissect the tissue specific functions of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) , we recently introduced loxP sites into the murine gene for its receptor , guanylyl cyclase A ( GC A ) , by homologous recombination ( tri lox GC A ) . ^^^ Doppler echocardiographic and physiological studies in these mice demonstrate for the first time the tremendous impact of ANP / GC A dysfunction on chronic blood volume homeostasis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) and its receptor membrane bound guanylate cyclase A ( GC A ) are involved in the regulation of blood pressure . ^^^ We examined whether CypA affects the activation of GC A by ANF . ^^^ Interestingly , binding of ANF to GC A released CypA . ^^^ Transfection of CypA inhibited ANF stimulated GC A activity , indicating that CypA functions as an endogenous inhibitor for GC A activation . ^^^ These results demonstrate that PPIase activity is required for CypA to inhibit GC c activity and GC A activation by ANF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To dissect the endothelium mediated actions of ANP in vivo , we inactivated the GC A gene selectively in endothelial cells by homologous loxP / Tie2 Cre mediated recombination . ^^^ Notably , despite full preservation of the direct vasodilating effects of ANP , mice with endothelium restricted deletion of the GC A gene ( EC GC A KO ) exhibited significant arterial hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy . ^^^ Infusion of ANP caused immediate increases in hematocrit in control but not in EC GC A KO mice , which indicated that ablation of endothelial GC A completely prevented the acute contraction of intravascular volume produced by ANP . ^^^ Furthermore , intravenous ANP acutely enhanced the rate of clearance of radio iodinated albumin from the circulatory system in control but not in EC GC A KO mice . ^^^ We conclude that GC A mediated increases in endothelial permeability are critically involved in the hypovolemic , hypotensive actions of ANP . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , activation of GCA by atrial natriuretic peptide ( 10 ( 6 ) mol / L ) inhibited phenylephrine ( 10 ( 6 ) mol / L ) stimulated nuclear translocation of NFATc 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The crucial functions of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) and endothelial nitric oxide / NO in the regulation of arterial blood pressure have been emphasized by the hypertensive phenotype of mice with systemic inactivation of either the guanylyl cyclase A receptor for ANP ( GC A / ) or endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS / ) . ^^^ Our recent observations in mice with conditional , cardiomyocyte restricted GC A deletion demonstrated that ANP locally inhibits cardiomyocyte growth . ^^^ Notably , eNOS / mice exhibit markedly increased cardiac ANP levels , suggesting that increased activation of cardiac GC A can prevent hypertensive heart disease . ^^^ Our observations suggest that local ANP / GC A / cyclic GMP signaling counter regulates MAPK / ERK and calcineurin / nuclear factor of activated T cells dependent pathways of cardiac myocyte growth in hypertensive eNOS / mice . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The natriuretic peptide receptors GC A and B mediate the effects of a family of peptides , atrial , B and C type natriuretic peptide ( ANP , BNP and CNP , respectively ) , with natriuretic , diuretic and vasorelaxant properties . ^^^ ANP and BNP , through the activation of GC A , act as endocrine hormones to regulate blood pressure and volume , and inhibit cardiac hypertrophy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Disruption of the genes for ANP or its receptor , GC A , demonstrated that this system is not only essential for the maintenance of normal blood pressure and volume , but in addition exerts local antihypertrophic effects in the heart . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We conclude that in vivo ANP stimulates glomerular particulate guanylate cyclase primarily in the podocytes , whereas SNP stimulates soluble guanylate cyclase localized to the mesangial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Studies were performed to examine the regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) stimulated guanylate cyclase in the the inner medulla . ^^^ Our studies demonstrate that ANP stimulated guanylate cyclase is insensitive to alterations in either intra or extracellular Ca2+ , is not subject to inhibition by protein kinase , and does not involve a pertussis sensitive G protein . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mesangial cells also have receptors for atrial natriuretic factor , but the distribution between B receptors with guanylate cyclase activity and clearance ( C ) receptors varies with the species . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) , through its guanylyl cyclase A ( GC A ) receptor , not only is critically involved in the endocrine regulation of arterial blood pressure but also locally moderates cardiomyocyte growth . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : On the basis of these results , we conclude that the ANP / GC A system moderates the cardiac growth response to pressure overload by preventing excessive activation of NHE 1 and subsequent increases in cardiomyocyte intracellular pH , Ca2+ , and CaMKII as well as Akt activity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we report that the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Csk is an essential component of the intracellular modulation of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) stimulated activation of GC A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cardiac hormone atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) signals via interaction with a plasma membrane receptor , which has guanylyl cyclase ( GC ) activity and is referred to as GC A . ^^^ Here we demonstrate that sustained exposure to either ANP itself or the bioactive lipid lysophosphatidic acid ( LPA ) elicits GC A desensitization in MA 10 Leydig cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In bovine adrenal zona glomerulosa cells , TPA ( phorbol ester ) induces a marked inhibition of the ANF stimulated cGMP accumulation as well as of the membrane ANF sensitive guanylate cyclase catalytic activity without any change in the binding capacity or affinity for 125I ANF . ^^^ Altered ANF actions due to blunted response of guanylate cyclase to ANF could be a consequence of the ANF receptor phosphorylation by excessive activity of protein kinase C and might be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the contrary , in the cardiomyopathic hamster ANF induces relevant guanylate cyclase activation before the animal has developed hemodynamic changes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
From these results , we suggest that ANP induced cyclic GMP formation and vascular relaxation via particulate guanylate cyclase in vascular smooth muscle cells are impaired in severely atherosclerotic arteries . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Adenylate cyclase was neither stimulated nor inhibited by ANP , thus suggesting , that the binding sites coincide with an ANP receptor , which is coupled to guanylate cyclase but not negatively coupled to an adenylate cyclase molecule . ^^^ We conclude the existence of an ANP receptor guanylate cyclase signal transfer system , similar to the beta 2 receptor adenylate cyclase system in the inner ear , without coupling to a G protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TBT did not interfere with binding of ANP to its receptor in bovine adrenal glands suggesting that the effects of TBT were mediated by direct interaction with membrane bound guanylate cyclase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Captopril and ANP : changes in renal hemodynamics , glomerular ANP receptors and guanylate cyclase activity in rats with heart failure . ^^^ To determine whether changes in ANP receptor binding and responsiveness occur in heart failure and after captopril treatment , we performed radioreceptor binding studies and measured guanylate cyclase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results indicate that ANP receptors coupled to guanylate cyclase may be down regulated in patients with chronic severe CHF , suggesting that high plasma ANP levels as a prognostic predictor may be associated with limitations of compensation by endogenous ANP . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One of the atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) receptors is a 180 kDa protein ( 180 kDa mGC ) which possesses the extraordinary characteristic of being bifunctional : it is both a receptor and a guanylate cyclase . ^^^ In addition to the 180 kDa mGC , there exists another 120 130 kDa protein which is also bifunctional and a 120 kDa disulfide linked dimeric cell surface protein that is an ANF receptor , but is not a part of guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A remarkable enhancement of guanylate cyclase activity in lung tissue before hemodynamic modifications by both endogenous end exogenous ANF has been reported in pneumocytes of cardiomyopathic hamsters . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANP commonly acts via stimulation of membrane bound particulate guanylate cyclase with the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results indicate that down regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide receptors coupled to guanylate cyclase may occur in the pulmonary vascular beds of patients with severe chronic heart failure . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These findings indicate the probable existence of atrial natriuretic peptide receptors coupled to membrane bound guanylate cyclase on the parenchymal type 1 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We reported previously that atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) and the ANF clearance receptor binding peptide , C ANF ( 4 23 ) NH 2 ( C ANF ) , inhibit catecholamine ( CA ) release from rat , nerve growth factor treated pheochromocytoma cells ( PC 12 cells ) by a guanylate cyclase independent mechanism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) dependent guanylate cyclase is a single chain transmembrane spanning protein , containing an ANF receptor and having catalytic activity . ^^^ A structural motif that defines the ATP regulatory module of guanylate cyclase in atrial natriuretic factor signalling . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) dependent guanylate cyclase is a single chain transmembrane spanning protein , containing an ANF receptor and having catalytic activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Small atrial natriuretic peptide analogues : design , synthesis , and structural requirements for guanylate cyclase activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At least two types of receptors for natriuretic peptides have been reported : biologically active receptors coupled with guanylate cyclase ( atrial natriuretic peptide [ ANP ] B receptors ) and clearance receptors ( ANP C receptors ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In spite of the decrease in type C receptor number and no significant change in type A receptor ( i . e . particulate guanylate cyclase ) levels , cGMP response of the NaCl treated cells to ANP was greatly exaggerated ; this sensitization was also observed in membrane preparations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These nucleotides exerted only inhibitory effects on STa stimulated guanylate cyclase activity , in contrast with the stimulatory effects of adenine nucleotides on atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) stimulated guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the aorta from young rats ( 4 weeks old ) , removal of the endothelium , and treatment with the nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor , NG nitro L arginine methyl ester ( L NAME ) , the radical scavenger , hemoglobin ( Hb ) , and the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor , methylene blue ( MB ) , attenuated ANP induced relaxation and considerably reduced ANP stimulated cGMP formation . ^^^ These results suggest that the relaxant action of ANP on the thoracic aorta from young rats is in part modulated by endothelium derived relaxing factor ( EDRF / nitric oxide ) , which in turn activates soluble guanylate cyclase , thus elevating the cGMP level . ^^^ Aging may decrease the ANP induced relaxation and ANP stimulated increase in cGMP level by decreasing the ability of endothelial cells to produce EDRF , by decreasing guanylate cyclase activity , and by enhancing cGMP PDE activity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The dynamics of the guanylate cyclase receptor of atrial natriuretic factor ( GCA ANF receptor ) were investigated in cultured glomerular mesangial and renomedullary interstitial cells from the rat . ^^^ Dynamics of atrial natriuretic factor guanylate cyclase receptors and receptor ligand complexes in cultured glomerular mesangial and renomedullary interstitial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bovine aortic endothelial cells responded to ANP ( K0 . 5 = 3 nM ) and DNP ( K0 . 5 = 3 nM ) but not to CNP by a large activation of guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report that angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) inhibits basal and atrial natriuretic peptide stimulated particulate guanylate cyclase ( pGC ) activity through AT 2 receptors in rat adrenal glomerulosa and PC12W cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The role of guanosine 3 ' , 5 ' cyclic monophosphate , which is increased by receptor activation of guanylate cyclase by ANP and is thought to play a major role in the biological effects of ANP in some other tissues , remains controversial in the aldosterone lowering effect of ANP , and this is also discussed extensively in this review . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate possible developmental changes in the physiological effect of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) after birth , we studied the effect of ANP on the slice cGMP content and the particulate guanylate cyclase activity of aorta , kidney and lung in neonate , 2 week old and adult rats of both sexes . ^^^ The developmental change in the effect of hANP on slice cGMP content is probably caused by the ontogenetic change in activation of ANP receptor linked guanylate cyclase . . ^^^ Developmental changes in the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on tissue cyclic GMP content and particulate guanylate cyclase activity of aorta , kidney and lung of rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ST induced a significant increase in guanylate cyclase activity in intestinal homogenates , whereas ANP showed no effect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Spontaneous proteolysis of ANF receptor by an endogenous metalloendopeptidase , occurring with concomitant inactivation of guanylate cyclase activity and broadening of ligand binding selectivity , may be responsible for the generation of low molecular mass receptors found in the adrenal gland and other target organs of ANF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Formycin A triphosphate ( FTP ) , a fluorescent analog of ATP , slightly increased basal guanylate cyclase activity , but significantly potentiated guanylate cyclase activity stimulated by atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) in rat lung membranes . ^^^ FTP potentiated ANF stimulated guanylate cyclase activity with an EC 50 at about 90 microM and inhibited ATP stimulated guanylate cyclase activity with an IC 50 at about 100 microM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Relaxation and guanylate cyclase responses of blood vessels to atrial natriuretic factor were investigated , as was the binding of 125I ANF to vascular membranes and ANF receptor subtypes , using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( SDS PAGE ) in reducing conditions , after solubilisation and irreversible binding of 125I ANF . ^^^ The proportion of high and low molecular weight ANF binding peptides in solubilised blood vessel membranes on SDS PAGE was similar in all strains except in four week old SHR , in which binding to the high molecular weight band ( presumably the guanylate cyclase containing receptor ) was increased relative to the low molecular weight band ( non cyclase coupled receptor ) in comparison to other strains and ages . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Activity of guanylate cyclase in response to occupancy of ANF receptors may be increased in young SHR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibiting guanylate cyclase with the quinolinedione LY 83583 ( 10 microM ) diminished ANF induced cell shrinkage , and inhibiting cGMP specific phosphodiesterase with M & B 22948 ( Zaprinast ; 100 microM ) amplified the volume decrease caused by a low dose of ANF ( 0 . 01 microM ) approximately fivefold . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This was associated with a decrease in plasma ANP , an increase in the kidney ANP receptor number , and a decrease in guanylate cyclase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The proposed actions of atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) are mediated through specific plasma membrane ( R 1 ) receptors coupled to guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF R 1 ) receptor is a 130 kDa protein that contains a cytoplasmic guanylate cyclase domain . ^^^ We report that ATP interacts in an allosteric manner with the ANF R 1 receptor , resulting in reduced ANF binding and enhanced ANF stimulated guanylate cyclase activity . ^^^ The negative modulation by ATP of ANF binding is specific for the ANF R 1 receptor subtype since the amount of ANF bound by the guanylate cyclase uncoupled ANF R 2 subtype is increased in the presence of ATP . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF R 1 ) receptor is a 130 kDa protein that contains a cytoplasmic guanylate cyclase domain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Type A ANP receptor is composed of two functional domains , namely extracellular ANP binding and cytoplasmic guanylate cyclase domains , and generally considered to be present as a single polypeptide chain of about 140 kDa based on its primary structure deduced from the cDNA sequence and its SDS / PAGE profile under reducing conditions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These include the following : adenylyl cyclase activity stimulated by vasopressin ( AVP ) , beta adrenergic agonists , or prostanoids and inhibited by alpha 2 adrenergic agents or adenosine ; guanylate cyclase activity in response to atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) ; phospholipase C activity stimulated by ANP , AVP , bradykinin , endothelin , epidermal growth factor ( EGF ) , and muscarinic cholinergic agents ; and phospholipase A 2 activity stimulated by AVP , bradykinin , EGF , and endothelin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects of ANP and BNP on dopamine accumulation paralleled an increase in intracellular cGMP concentration . ( Bu ) 2 cGMP and sodium nitroprusside , a stimulator of the soluble form of guanylate cyclase , also enhanced [ 3H ] dopamine accumulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Stimulation of ANF release by endothelial cells was significantly reduced ( P < 0 . 05 ) by addition of the calcium channel antagonist nicardipine ( Nic , 100 nM ; by 69 + / 4 % ) , the guanylate cyclase activator sodium nitroprusside ( SNP , 1 microM ; by 97 + / 27 % ) , or acetylcholine ( ACh , 10 microM ; by 55 + / 13 % ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human glomerular mesangial and epithelial cells possess ANF receptors of both types , only clearance receptors ( C ) in mesangial cells , receptors with guanylate cyclase activity ( A ) and C receptors in epithelial cells which are , in addition , equipped with ectoenzymes rapidly degrading extracellular ANF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
C type natriuretic peptide ( CNP ) which potently stimulates particulate guanylate cyclase activity in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells ( VSMC ) inhibited serum induced DNA synthesis of the cells 10 fold more effectively than alpha human atrial natriuretic peptide ( alpha hANP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PMA inhibited ANF stimulated guanylate cyclase activity in particulate membranes by about 65 % . ^^^ In conclusion , these results demonstrated that PMA ( activated protein kinase C ) inhibited ANF stimulation of particulate guanylate cyclase in opposition to the activating effects of calmodulin or ATP in SK NEP 1 cells . ^^^ The opposing effects of calmodulin , adenosine 5 ' triphosphate , and pertussis toxin on phorbol ester induced inhibition of atrial natriuretic factor stimulated guanylate cyclase in SK NEP 1 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to synthesizing ANP , the OB contains ANP transducing receptors coupled to the guanylate cyclase system but it is devoid of ANP `` clearance receptors . ' ' The characterization of biologically active ANP receptors and the evidence for in situ ANP synthesis in this region of the CNS adds credence to the hypothesis that the peptide plays a putative role in olfaction . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These data demonstrate that the increase in particulate guanylate cyclase activity observed during liver regeneration is due to an increase in the 116 kDa ANF receptor associated activity . ^^^ Additionally , our data demonstrate that the regenerating rat liver may be a valuable model with which to study the role of the hepatic ANF receptor / particulate guanylate cyclase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NG monomethyl L arginine did not affect cyclic GMP accumulation induced by sodium nitroprusside , an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase , and atrial natriuretic factor , an activator of particulate guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These microvessels also exhibited the presence of particulate bound ANF sensitive guanylate cyclase . ^^^ There has been no direct demonstration of the presence of guanylate cyclase linked atrial natriuretic factor receptors in renal preglomerular microvasculature . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One type of ANF receptor linked to the synthesis of cyclic GMP is a transmembrane protein which contains both the ANF binding and guanylate cyclase activities . ^^^ We now show that depending upon the cofactors Mg2+ or Mn2+ , ATP stimulates or inhibits the ANF dependent guanylate cyclase activity in the testicular plasma membranes : stimulation in the presence of Mg2+ and inhibition in the presence of Mn2+ . ^^^ Furthermore , this investigation for the first time demonstrates binding of ATP to the ANF receptor guanylate cyclase , suggesting that ATP mediated responses could occur by direct ATP binding to the cyclase . . ^^^ Dual regulation of atrial natriuretic factor dependent guanylate cyclase activity by ATP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Radiation inactivation has been used to evaluate the molecular size of domains responsible for atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) binding and cyclase functions of the ANP receptor / guanylate cyclase . ^^^ Two types of inactivation curves were observed for cyclase function in both adrenal cortex and aortic smooth muscle cells : 1 ) biphasic with enhanced guanylate cyclase activity after exposure to low radiation doses and 2 ) linear after preincubation of membrane proteins with 0 . 5 microM ANP or solubilization with Triton 10 100 . ^^^ Activation of guanylate cyclase by ANP or Triton 10 100 could occur via the dissociation of this inhibitory component from the catalytic domain . ^^^ These studies suggest that the ANP receptor / guanylate cyclase behaves as a multidomain protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Regardless of salt consumption , SHR presented more pronounced glomerular particulate guanylate cyclase activation after large ANF doses in vitro than normotensive rats . ^^^ Thus , SHR fail to react to prolonged high salt intake as do normotensive rats , i . e . by a fall in plasma ANF , PRA and plasma aldosterone , and have higher stimulated glomerular particulate guanylate cyclase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Calcium reveals different mechanisms of guanylate cyclase activation by atrial natriuretic factor and ATP in rat lung membranes . ^^^ CaCl 2 inhibited ATP stimulated guanylate cyclase activity , but had little effect on basal and atrial natriuretic factor stimulated guanylate cyclase activity in rat lung membranes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANP and BNP also stimulate guanosine 3 ' , 5 ' cyclic monophosphate production in these cells , consistent with the presence of a functional guanylate cyclase linked B receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Unlike atrial natriuretic factor , neither NECA , CAD , R PIA , nor ADO increased guanylate cyclase activity , suggesting that cGMP is not involved in ADO receptor mediated relaxation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Site directed mutational analysis of a membrane guanylate cyclase cDNA reveals the atrial natriuretic factor signaling site . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It was functional in that binding correlated with guanylate cyclase activation ( a 2 fold increase in Vmax ) with the following rank order of potency : rat ANP ( 99 126 ) greater than human ANP ( 99 126 ) greater than human ANP ( 102 126 ) greater than porcine BNP ( brain natriuretic peptide ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Original studies with rat adrenocortical carcinoma identified a 180 kDa cell surface protein which contained both guanylate cyclase and atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) receptor , representing a potentially new type of bifunctional receptor protein . ^^^ Utilizing the antibody to 180 kDa membrane guanylate cyclase ( 180 kDa mGC ) , we now ( 1 ) report the complete purification of 180 kDa mGC from rat testes ; ( 2 ) demonstrate by affinity cross linking studies that the homogeneous 180 kDa protein isolated from rat testes and adrenal gland binds ANF and ( 3 ) show that bovine aortic endothelial cell membranes contain the 180 kDa mGC that is ANF dependent in the production of cyclic GMP . ^^^ Ubiquitous and bifunctional 180 kDa atrial natriuretic factor dependent guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Functional modulation of ANF sensitive particulate guanylate cyclase by redox mechanisms . ^^^ We examined the effects of sulfhydryl reactive redox agents and of the apparent oxidation reduction ( redox ) potential of the assay medium on enzyme activity and atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) binding properties of particular guanylate cyclase from bovine adrenal cortex . ^^^ The modification of free SH groups by thiol reactive agents had only a minor effect on ANF binding or on the extent of ANF dependent enzyme stimulation whereas free thiol groups were essential for basal enzyme activity of ANF sensitive particulate guanylate cyclase . ^^^ Basal and ANF stimulated particulate guanylate cyclase activity was modulated by exposure to different redox potential states . ^^^ The apparent redox potential had no influence on the extent of guanylate cyclase activation by ANF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This suggests that the two forms of guanylate cyclase , the particulate form stimulated by ANF and the soluble form activated by SNP , coexist in this cell type . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These studies show that cleaved ANF stimulates guanylate cyclase and alters hemodynamics and the RAA system in vivo . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANP induced increase in particulate guanylate cyclase activity was significantly reduced in the cells treated with Ang 2 or TPA . ^^^ These results indicate that Ang 2 inhibits ANP induced cGMP accumulation in cultured glomerular mesangial cells through at least two mechanisms ; one is the activation of calcium dependent , calmodulin stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in the initial phase , and the other is the inhibition of guanylate cyclase resulting from protein kinase C activation in the maintenance phase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This suggests the existence of two separate forms of guanylate cyclase in HPM , e . g . the receptor related form by ANF and the soluble form by SNP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ultrastructural demonstration of guanylate cyclase in rat lung after activation by ANF . ^^^ We studied the cytochemical localization of particulate guanylate cyclase ( GC ) activity after stimulation with atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) in rat lung , at the electron microscope level . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The nitro vasodilators and vasodilators with endothelium dependent activity , act by main stimulation of the soluble guanylate cyclase , while the atrial natriuretic factor acts specifically on the particulate form of the enzyme . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also demonstrate that rat and bovine papillary ANF R 1 receptors are coupled to guanylate cyclase and that ANF and BNP could activate the enzyme with potency similar to their potency in competing for 125I labeled rat ANF ( 99 126 ) binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The atrial natriuretic peptide and guanylate cyclase of the cell new mechanism for hormones ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The inhibition of ciliary motility induced by ANF was not affected by the blockade of arachidonic acid metabolism with indomethacin , piroxicam , or nordihydroguaiaretic acid , but it was blocked by methylene blue , a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor , and was potentiated by M & B 22948 , a guanosine 3 ' , 5 ' cyclic monophosphate ( cGMP ) phosphodiesterase inhibitor . ^^^ These results suggest that ANF inhibits ciliary motility presumably through a guanylate cyclase dependent regulatory pathway and that neutral endopeptidase may play a role in modulating the ANF effect on airway mucociliary transport function . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ET 1 effects on CA but not CV were partially inhibited by calcium channel blockers , diltiazem , and D 600 , and by the guanylate cyclase activators , atrial natriuretic factor , and sodium nitroprusside . [ 3H ] water flux across the perfused gill was stimulated by ET 1 through what appeared to be a vascular independent mechanism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Time and concentration dependent studies on the stimulation of cGMP levels by ANP indicated that guanylate cyclase linked ANP receptors were present in BMECs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) exhibits a wide spectrum of cardiovascular , endocrine , metabolic and renal actions . cGMP is the major mediator of ANP at the cellular level and only tissues possessing particulate guanylate cyclase appear to present ANP induced actions . ^^^ The mechanism of guanylate cyclase stimulation by ANP could involve this inhibitory component . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) exhibits a wide spectrum of cardiovascular , endocrine , metabolic and renal actions . cGMP is the major mediator of ANP at the cellular level and only tissues possessing particulate guanylate cyclase appear to present ANP induced actions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We examined the possibility that , in addition to stimulation of guanylate cyclase ( GC ) , atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) also activates phospholipase C ( PLC ) in cultured rat inner medullary collecting tubule ( RIMCT ) cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cicletanine also potentiated vasorelaxation by the guanylate cyclase activators sodium nitroprusside and atrial natriuretic peptide in isolated rat aortas . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hypotension with vasodilation can be observed upon injection of ANF in vivo , however , infusion of the peptide often results in a decreased blood pressure due to a fall in cardiac output , This apparent discrepancy may reflect some of the distinguishing characteristics of ANF induced vasorelaxation which include activation of particulate guanylate cyclase , a marked regional vascular selectivity , species differences in the relaxation profile and a variable sensitivity depending on the type and degree of contractile preload . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In IMCD cells , BNP stimulated particulate guanylate cyclase ( approximately 3 fold at maximum ligand concentration ) and inhibited conductive 22Na+ uptake by 50 % at concentrations at which ANP is also effective . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANP stimulated guanylate cyclase activity by up to 2 fold with half maximal activation at approximately 10 ( 9 ) M . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Many of the effects of ANP are mediated through the elevation of cellular cGMP levels by the activation of particulate guanylate cyclase . ^^^ In this study we present evidence that ATP as well as its analogues adenosine 5 ' O ( 3 thiotriphosphate ) ( ATP gamma S ) and adenylylimidophosphate ( AMPPNP ) activates guanylate cyclase from rat lung membranes and markedly potentiates the effect of ANP on the enzyme . ^^^ The enzyme activation by adenine nucleotide and ANP together is much more than the sum of the individual activations , suggesting that ATP may be the physiological component essential for the ANP stimulated guanylate cyclase activation . ^^^ Guanylate cyclase from rat lung membranes is poorly activated by ANP and / or ATP gamma S after removing the cytosolic and weakly membrane associated proteins or factors by centrifugation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rat intestinal cell atrial natriuretic peptide receptor coupled to guanylate cyclase . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic peptide activated particulate guanylate cyclase 5 to 10 fold in a concentration and time dependent fashion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , we purified a 180 kDa protein , apparently containing both ANF receptor and guanylate cyclase activities , and hypothesized that this is one of the cyclic GMP transmembrane signal transducers . ^^^ Utilizing the 180 kDa membrane guanylate cyclase , we now show that the 180 kDa guanylate cyclase is regulated in opposing fashions by two receptor signals ANF stimulating it and protein kinase C inhibiting it . ^^^ Regulation of guanylate cyclase activity by atrial natriuretic factor and protein kinase C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The responsiveness of particulate guanylate cyclase and formation of cGMP in ANF target organs suggested an augmented baseline activity of the cGMP system but its relative hyporesponsiveness to exogenous ANF following prolonged salt loading . ^^^ The changes in plasma ANF are associated with changes in the functional state of ANF receptors coupled to particulate guanylate cyclase , but in the opposite direction than expected from lowered plasma ANF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The actions of ANF are mediated by its interaction with specific cell surface receptors and the membrane bound form of guanylate cyclase represents an atrial natriuretic factor receptor ( ANF R ) . ^^^ To understand the mechanism of ANF action in testicular steroidogenesis and to identify guanylate cyclase / ANF R that is expressed in the Leydig cells , the primary structure of murine guanylate cyclase / ANF R has been deduced from its cDNA sequence . ^^^ A cDNA library constructed from poly ( A+ ) RNA of murine Leydig tumor ( MA 10 ) cell line was screened for the membrane bound form of ANF R / guanylate cyclase sequences by hybridization with a rat brain guanylate cyclase / ANF R cDNA probe . ^^^ The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA shows that murine guanylate cyclase / ANF R cDNA consists of 1057 amino acids with 21 amino acids comprising the transmembrane domain which separates an extracellular ligand binding domain ( 469 amino acid residues ) and an intracellular guanylate cyclase domain ( 567 amino acid residues ) . ^^^ Upon transfection of the murine guanylate cyclase / ANF R cDNA in COS 7 cells , the expressed protein showed specific binding to 125I ANF , stimulation of guanylate cyclase activity and production of intracellular cGMP in response to ANF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effects of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) on tension development , particulate guanylate cyclase activity and guanosine 3 ' : 5 ' cyclic monophosphate ( cyclic GMP ) concentrations of uteri from oestrogen treated , progesterone treated , ovariectomized and pregnant rats were determined in vitro . 2 . ^^^ Pregnancy and progesterone treatment markedly inhibited ANP induced increases in myometrial particulate guanylate cyclase activity and cyclic GMP concentrations but did not influence the effects of ANP on aortic cyclic GMP concentrations . 8 . ^^^ It is concluded that exposure of the myometrium to circulating and placentally produced progesterone is responsible for the pregnancy induced decrease in the effects of ANP on myometrial particulate guanylate cyclase activity and cyclic GMP concentrations and in turn on myometrial tension development . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Porcine BNP activated particulate guanylate cyclase in the median eminence , subfornical organ , choroid plexus , olfactory bulb , paraventricular nucleus and pineal gland in a concentration dependent fashion and its action was comparable to that of rat atrial natriuretic peptide ( alpha ANP ) , with ED 50 values ranging from 5 to 7 10 10 ( 7 ) M for both peptides . ^^^ Our results suggest that the activation of a specific receptor coupled to the guanylate cyclase system and the subsequent elevation of cGMP levels constitutes the common mechanism of the central action of BNP and ANP . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The vasodilation effects of activators of guanylate cyclase , atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) , nitroglycerin ( NTG ) , and acetylcholine ( ACh ) , on the epicardial conductance arteries and the distal resistance coronary vessels were examined in chronically instrumented awake dogs and related serially to plasma guanosine 3 ' , 5 ' cyclic monophosphate ( cGMP ) levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The use of truncated , ring deleted and linear atrial peptide analogs in competitive displacement analysis and measurement of cGMP accumulation indicated that only a minor proportion ( 5 11 % ) of the available receptor pool was of the ANF B receptor subtype , linked to guanylate cyclase , with the remaining major proportion possibly of the ANF C ( clearance ) receptor subtype . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A polypeptide containing the catalytic domain of an atrial natriuretic peptide receptor guanylate cyclase has been produced using a bacterial expression system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANP , an activator of membrane associated guanylate cyclase ( mGC ) , slowly ( approximately 60 s ) increased the cGMP content ( EC 50 = 10 nM ) , a result lasting for greater than 10 min , and the effects were independent from external Ca2+ , as shown in the slow response to 5 HT . 5 HT and ANP did not induce formation of inositol phosphates . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , in rats given atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ; 0 . 5 , 1 and 2 micrograms / kg per min ) , an activator of particulate guanylate cyclase , zaprinast ( 10 mg / kg ) did not affect MAP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) receptor subtypes are present in vascular smooth muscle cells : the B receptors ( or biologically active ) coupled to a guanylate cyclase and the C receptors ( clearance ) representing 95 % of the total number of ANF binding sites but noncoupled to a guanylate cyclase . ^^^ Although both ANF and AII reduced the total number of ANF binding sites after 18 h , ANF induced a desensitization of the guanylate cyclase whereas AII elicited a potentialization of this system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results of this study indicate that ANF inhibits adrenergic neurotransmission independent of guanylate cyclase . . ^^^ Neuromodulatory effects of atrial natriuretic factor are independent of guanylate cyclase in adrenergic neuronal pheochromocytoma cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cytochemical localization of particulate guanylate cyclase ( GC ) in rat kidney , after stimulation with atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) , was studied by electron microscopy . ^^^ Evidence for particulate guanylate cyclase in rat kidney after stimulation by atrial natriuretic factor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ATP has been reported to increase basal and atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) stimulated guanylate cyclase activity . ^^^ Among the natural adenine nucleotides , ATP and ADP were able to increase both basal and ANF stimulated guanylate cyclase activities in rat lung membranes . ^^^ ATP was more effective than AMPPCP ( the non hydrolyzable analog of ATP ) , and ADP was more effective than ADP beta S and AMPCP ( the hydrolysis resistant analogs of ADP ) to increase basal and ANF stimulated guanylate cyclase activities . ^^^ Structural requirements of ATP for activation of basal and atrial natriuretic factor stimulated guanylate cyclase in rat lung membranes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ATP increases both basal and atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) stimulated guanylate cyclase activities . ^^^ Caged ATP potentiates guanylate cyclase activity stimulated by atrial natriuretic factor in rat lung membranes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Each of these pheochromocytomas was found to have pro ANF ( 1 30 ) and ( 31 67 ) binding sites that were functional , since they could enhance the guanylate cyclase cGMP system 2 fold in these pheochromocytomas . ^^^ We conclude that 1 ) the whole N terminus [ pro ANF ( 1 98 ) ] and pro ANF ( 31 67 ) of the ANF prohormone circulate at higher concentrations in persons with pheochromocytomas and return to normal with removal of the tumors ; 2 ) pheochromocytomas contain specific binding sites for pro ANF ( 1 30 ) and ( 31 67 ) ; 3 ) these binding sites are functional , since pro ANF ( 1 30 ) and ( 31 67 ) could enhance the enzyme guanylate cyclase within these tumors ; and 4 ) the entire 126 amino acids of the ANF prohormone are present within these tumors , which have electron dense granules associated with polypeptide hormone synthesis , suggesting that the ANF prohormone is being synthesized within the pheochromocytomas . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To assess the involvement of both subclasses in regulating cyclic GMP dependent responses , the ability of TCV 3B and M & B 22 , 948 to potentiate the in vitro and in vivo responses to the endogenous guanylate cyclase stimulator atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) was evaluated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sodium nitroprusside ( SNP ) , a nonreceptor mediated stimulant of soluble guanylate cyclase , and atrial natriuretic factor , a receptor dependent stimulator of particulate guanylate cyclase , mediate relaxation responses by increasing intracellular cGMP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The glial cultures functionally expressed a receptor ( s ) with guanylate cyclase activity ; BNP was less potent than ANP in stimulating cGMP at lower concentrations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , it seems that A 2 inhibits ANP induced cGMP accumulation by activating phosphodiesterase rather than by inhibiting guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present investigation describes kinetic characteristics of membrane bound and Triton 10 100 solubilized atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) sensitive guanylate cyclase from bovine adrenal cortex . ^^^ Kinetic characterization of atrial natriuretic factor sensitive particulate guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Manganese ( Mn2+ ) is a cofactor for guanylate cyclase ( GC ) , which is involved in the generation of guanosine 3 ' , 5 ' cyclic monophosphate ( cGMP ) , a second messenger for atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) action . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Affinity cross linking studies characterizing the ANP receptor in thyrocytes and a bovine endothelial cell line known to be cGMP responsive to ANP indicated a single unit ANP receptor of 140 kD coupled to guanylate cyclase in endothelial cells , while a 70 kD receptor was found in thyroid cells which specifically binds to ANP , atriopeptin 1 , and atriopeptin 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Stimulation of guanylate cyclase in vitro by atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) or sodium nitroprusside was studied in rat brain tissue slices biochemically as well as by means of cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) immunocytochemistry . ^^^ These cells , having the ANF stimulated particulate guanylate cyclase , were characterized as astroglial cells on the basis of their glial fibrillary acidic protein ( GFAP ) immunostaining , although not all astroglial cells in these areas could be identified as cGMP immunoreactive cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) induces a dose dependent accumulation of cGMP in PC 12 cells through the activation of a membrane bound guanylate cyclase . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) induces a dose dependent accumulation of cGMP in PC 12 cells through the activation of a membrane bound guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These findings suggest that the increase in Ep secretion in response to ANF can be attributed , at least in part , to activation of guanylate cyclase , which is coupled to specific ANF receptors on the RC cell . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A 74186 is a potent inhibitor of the activation of guanylate cyclase by ANP ; it acts with a pA 2 of 7 . 12 in rat vascular smooth muscle cells and shifts the ANP / cGMP dose response curve by 3 orders of magnitude at a 10 microM concentration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We conclude that ATP and other Group 1 agonists attenuated the ANP induced cGMP accumulation by at least two mechanisms : 1 ) stimulation of cGMP hydrolysis via a phospholipase C Ca 2 ( + ) phosphodiesterase system and 2 ) inhibition of cGMP generation , probably by an IAP sensitive G protein mediated inactivation of the ANP receptor coupled guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , the extent of interaction of the ANF analogs with the receptor pool coupled to particulate guanylate cyclase ( the ANF B receptor ) was much more variable , with some ligands failing to stimulate cGMP production or particulate guanylate cyclase over the concentrations tested . ^^^ Furthermore , this down regulation was associated with desensitization of particulate guanylate cyclase resulting in a decreased responsiveness of intracellular cGMP accumulation to ANF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The inhibitory effect of ANP and nitrovasodilators on ET 1 production thus appears to be mediated by guanylate cyclase and cGMP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The molecular weight of ANP receptor is approximately 67 KD , and ANP specific guanylate cyclase may not be linked to the receptor , suggestive that so called C receptor may be localized in cultured human fibroblasts . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Receptors for ANP in blood vessels are of two subtypes : B receptors ( or R 1 receptors ) , which contain guanylate cyclase in their structure , and C receptors ( or R 2 receptors ) , which have not been shown to the present to be biologically active . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) relaxes vascular smooth muscle through activation of particulate guanylate cyclase and generation of cyclic GMP . 2 . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) relaxes vascular smooth muscle through activation of particulate guanylate cyclase and generation of cyclic GMP . 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One is the particulate guanylate cyclase , the second is a clearance receptor involved in the endocytosis and lysozomial degradation of ANF in target cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , pretreatment with the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitors methylene blue ( 10 ( 5 ) M ) and hemoglobin ( 10 ( 5 ) M ) antagonized BAEE induced relaxation in intact pulmonary rings but had no effect on the relaxation elicited with atrial natriuretic peptide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These cell lines were selected because both are known to possess high amounts of the particulate form of guanylate cyclase , a proposed target of ANF in peripheral organs . ^^^ Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that ANF selectively activates particulate , but not soluble , guanylate cyclase in homogenates of a variety of rat tissues and that one class of ANF receptor appears to be the same glycoprotein as particulate guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The adenylate cyclase activator forskolin , the guanylate cyclase stimulator sodium nitroprusside , the phosphodiesterase inhibitor Ro 15 2041 , different Ca entry blockers , as well as various vasodilators , and the atrial natriuretic peptide were tested for antiplatelet activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic factor stimulates luteal guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
From these results we conclude that ANP receptors , coupled to particulate guanylate cyclase , exist in cardiac ventricular muscle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Despite the presence of a guanylate cyclase response , ANP had no inhibitory effect on basal inositol trisphosphate production nor on basal cytosolic calcium . ^^^ In contrast , addition of calcium inhibited ANP stimulated guanylate cyclase activity . . ^^^ Interaction of atrial natriuretic peptide stimulated guanylate cyclase and vasopressin stimulated calcium signaling pathways in the glomerular mesangial cell . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The natriuretic agent amiloride induces a shift of the dose response curve of particulate guanylate cyclase to atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) to the left . ^^^ The ANF concentration for half maximal activation of guanylate cyclase is shifted from 20 to 3 nM in the presence of 100 microM amiloride . ^^^ These data suggest that some of the effects of amiloride may be mediated by an increased sensitivity of particulate guanylate cyclase to ANF . . ^^^ Amiloride increases the sensitivity of particulate guanylate cyclase to atrial natriuretic factor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Stimulation of guanylate cyclase activity by irreversible binding of atrial natriuretic peptide to its receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANF selectively activated particulate guanylate cyclase and the response was selectively inhibited by LTD 4 from 9 . 07 + / 1 . 79 fmol . micrograms 1 . 3 min 1 ( n = 6 ) to 4 . 70 + / 0 . 70 ( n = 6 , P less than 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ These results suggest the site where LTD 4 has effect on cGMP production induced by ANF was the particulate guanylate cyclase system , but not the soluble guanylate cyclase system . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effects of atrial natriuretic peptides ( ANP ) on the tension , content of guanosine 3 ' , 5 ' cyclic monophosphate ( cGMP ) and adenosine 3 ' , 5 ' cyclic monophosphate ( cAMP ) and activity of particulate and soluble forms of guanylate cyclase were examined in bovine tracheal smooth muscle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANP and nitroprusside activate different guanylate cyclase isoenzymes the particulate and soluble forms of the enzyme respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These receptors appear unique in that they have a dual function possessing both ANP binding and particulate guanylate cyclase activities . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANF produces only a slight increase in guanylate cyclase activity and cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels at high ( 10 ( 7 ) 10 ( 6 ) M ) concentrations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These data indicate that dopamine may be necessary , as a permissive agent , for the renal effects of ANP to manifest and that the effects of dopamine may be independent of ANP stimulated guanylate cyclase activation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ANP induced relaxation is not associated with activation of the sodium pump but is due to an inhibitory action on the release and influx of Ca2+ , probably as a result of stimulation of guanylate cyclase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The biochemical mechanisms of the action of ANF at the cellular level appear to be mediated by the cGMP particulate guanylate cyclase system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We employed this oxidized peptide to evaluate the relationship between its biological effects and cGMP generation , with cGMP serving as a marker of the recognized property of ANF to stimulate particulate guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We conclude that a higher level of Cai2+ , probably at the domain adjacent to the membrane , may inhibit ANP induced activation of the particulate guanylate cyclase , and that this may be the cause of the blunted cGMP response of SHR VSMCs to ANP . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The increase was blocked by the selective inhibitor of Na+ / H+ exchange 5 ( N ethyl N isopropyl ) amiloride ( EIPA ) but was not sensitive to the guanylate cyclase inhibitor LY 83583 , indicating ANF induced activation of Na+ / H+ exchange via a cyclic GMP ( cGMP ) independent pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
If Ca2+ plays a role in the blunted cGMP response to ANF in vascular smooth muscle cells of the SHR , this effect may be exerted by a distinct pool of the ion in the submembrane domain which is associated with the particulate guanylate cyclase system . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Coupled with other studies , these data suggest that the A 10 VSMC ANP R observed in this study may not be coupled to guanylate cyclase and may represent a receptor serving a clearance function , whereas a significant proportion of the olfactory CNS ANP R appears to be associated with GTP binding proteins , likely particulate guanylate cyclase , and probably represents a coupled form of the receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Each of these pheochromocytomas was examined and found to have atrial natriuretic receptors that were functional since ANF could enhance the guanylate cyclase cyclic GMP system two fold in these pheochromocytomas . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Low concentrations of trypsin drastically decreased the ANF sensitive guanylate cyclase activity of the membrane fraction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It thus appears that contamination of primary cultures of anterior and intermediate pituitary tissues by proliferating nonendocrine cells ( mainly fibroblasts ) , in which ANF induced accumulation of cyclic GMP may be confused with that of the very secretory cells , leads to overestimation and masking of guanylate cyclase activity of endocrine cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two subtypes of atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) receptors are present in vascular smooth muscle cells : B ( biologically active ) receptors coupled to a guanylate cyclase and C ( clearance ) receptors ( 95 per cent of the total number of ANF binding sites ) non coupled to any identified second messenger system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The decapeptide 1 is of particular significance because it is the shortest analogue reported to date endowed with agonistic activity at the guanylate cyclase coupled ANP receptor . ^^^ In particular , it is interesting to compare its structure to the structures of other short linear analogues of ANP which are totally devoid of the ability to stimulate particulate guanylate cyclase activity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This beneficial effect of atrial natriuretic peptide was partly mimicked by sodium nitroprusside , which , like atrial natriuretic peptide , largely increased the cellular cGMP content . 6 Anilino 5 , 8 quinolinedione ( Ly 83583 ) , an inhibitor of particulate guanylate cyclase , blocked the protective effect of atrial natriuretic peptide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using an antiserum raised against the purified atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) receptor that has a disulfide linked homodimeric structure and represents one subtype of the multiple ANP receptors , we showed that the receptor is coupled to the guanylate cyclase activation ; formerly , this type of ANP receptor is not considered to be coupled to the cyclase . ^^^ These results indicate that the subtype of the ANP receptor recognized by the antiserum is responsible for the activation of particulate guanylate cyclase as well as the double function type receptor that has been assumed to contain both the receptor domain and the catalytic domain for cGMP synthesis on the same molecule . ^^^ The presence of dissociative complexes of ANP receptor and particulate guanylate cyclase was also demonstrated by radiation inactivation analysis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The interaction between the receptor ( Rc ) for atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) and the effector enzyme particulate guanylate cyclase ( GC ) has been studied by radiation inactivation . ^^^ Based on these radiation inactivation data , the following dissociative mechanism of activation of particulate guanylate cyclase by ANP has been proposed : Rc . ^^^ Mechanism of activation of particulate guanylate cyclase by atrial natriuretic peptide as deduced from radiation inactivation analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is the membrane form of guanylate cyclase that is activated following binding of ANP to target cells . ^^^ Transfection of this cDNA into cultured mammalian cells results in expression of guanylate cyclase activity and ANP binding activity . ^^^ The ANP receptor / guanylate cyclase represents a new class of mammalian cell surface receptors which contain an extracellular ligand binding domain and an intracellular guanylate cyclase catalytic domain . . ^^^ A membrane form of guanylate cyclase is an atrial natriuretic peptide receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The structure activity relationships for affinity and selective binding of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) and analogues to guanylate cyclase coupled ( CC ) and non cyclase coupled ( NC ) receptors in rabbit lung membranes are described . ^^^ The corresponding heptapeptide retains affinity to the guanylate cyclase uncoupled binding site and is proposed to encompass the minimal sequence for specific recognition of the non guanylate cyclase coupled ANP receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characteristics of ANP sensitive guanylate cyclase in inner medullary collecting duct cells . ^^^ Half maximal stimulation of guanylate cyclase activity occurred at 5 10 10 ( 10 ) M ANP , a concentration consistent with our binding data , and with physiological effect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Guanylate cyclase appears to represent a central member of a diverse family of proteins involved in cell signaling mechanisms including the protein kinases , a low Mr ANP receptor , and possibly adenylate cyclase ( based on limited sequence identity with the yeast enzyme ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The predicted amino acid sequences demonstrate that the membrane form of guanylate cyclase is a member of a diverse and complex family of proteins that includes a low molecular weight ANP receptor , protein kinases , and the cytoplasmic form of guanylate cyclase . cDNA encoding a membrane form of the enzyme from mammalian tissues has been expressed in cultured cells , and the expressed guanylate cyclase specifically binds ANP and is activated by ANP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A subtype of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) receptors is coupled to guanylate cyclase . ^^^ We have asked the question whether these changes are associated with a down regulation of ANP dependent guanylate cyclase activity . ^^^ The presence of ANP dependent placental guanylate cyclase activity was demonstrated both in normal and toxemic placentas . ^^^ These observations extend our previously reported results on placental ANP receptor function but also suggest the presence of a possibly receptor independent decrease in guanylate cyclase activity in toxemic placentas . . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic peptide and sodium azide dependent guanylate cyclase activities in placentas from normal and severely toxemic patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Differential stimulation of rat lung particulate guanylate cyclase activity by atrial natriuretic peptide and sodium nitroprusside . ^^^ The effects of alpha rat atrial natriuretic peptide ( alpha rANP ) and sodium nitroprusside on the activity of rat lung particulate guanylate cyclase were examined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , the membrane form of guanylate cyclase is a member of an apparently large family of proteins that includes the low molecular weight atrial natriuretic peptide receptor , the soluble form of guanylate cyclase and protein kinases . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We isolated cDNAs encoding a 115 kd human atrial natriuretic peptide ( alpha ANP ) receptor ( ANP A receptor ) that possesses guanylate cyclase activity , by low stringency hybridization with sea urchin Arbacia punctulata membrane guanylate cyclase probes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Urodilatin and beta ANF : binding properties and activation of particulate guanylate cyclase . ^^^ In human platelets containing R 2 receptors not coupled to particulate guanylate cyclase urodilatin binds with similar affinity as ANF ( 99 126 ) ( KD : 55 pM ) , whereas beta ANF has an affinity lower than the truncated ANF ( 103 123 ) ( KD : 295 pM and 154 pM ) . ^^^ In adrenal cortex containing predominantly R 1 receptors coupled to particulate guanylate cyclase , urodilatin binds with a higher affinity ( KD : 30 pM ) than ANF ( 99 126 ) ( KD : 52 pM ) and stimulates to a similar extent to ANF ( 99 126 ) ( about two fold at 1 muM ) , whereas beta ANF has a smaller affinity ( KD : 120 pM ) and stimulates particulate guanylate cyclase to a lower extent than ANF ( 99 126 ) . ^^^ The data from platelets and adrenal cortex show that beta ANF has low binding affinities but stimulates particulate guanylate cyclase , whereas urodilatin appears to be a physiological R 1 agonist . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A plasma membrane form of guanylate cyclase is a cell surface receptor for atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) . ^^^ When the kinase like domain was removed by deletion mutagenesis , the resulting ANP receptor retained guanylate cyclase activity , but this activity was independent of ANP and its stimulation by ATP was markedly reduced . ^^^ A model for signal transduction is suggested in which binding of ANP to the extracellular domain of its receptor initiates a conformational change in the protein kinase like domain , resulting in derepression of guanylate cyclase activity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results suggest that cGMP mediates at least some of the central actions of rANP through the activation of specific receptors in localized target sites , and they provide evidence suggesting that the guanylate cyclase coupled ANP binding sites are susceptible to the regulatory mechanism described in the rat subfornical organ . . ^^^ Effect of water deprivation and salt loading on atrial natriuretic peptide stimulated guanylate cyclase activity in the rat subfornical organ . ^^^ The effect of water deprivation and salt loading on rat atrial natriuretic peptide ( 99 126 ) ( rANP ) stimulated guanylate cyclase activity was investigated in the rat subfornical organ . rANP stimulated the formation of cGMP in rat subfornical organ crude homogenates in a dose and time dependent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Binding of ANP to the low affinity site but not the high affinity site results in a maximum 2 fold activation of Mn2+ and up to 6 fold activation of Mg2+ / ATP supported guanylate cyclase activities . . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic peptide receptors and activation of guanylate cyclase in rat cardiac sarcolemma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This protein appears to have an unusual characteristic of containing both the atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) binding and guanylate cyclase activities , and appears to be intimately involved in the ANF dependent steroidogenic signal transduction . ^^^ In rat adrenal glands we now demonstrate : 1 ) the direct presence of a 180 kDa ANF binding protein in GTP affinity purified membrane fraction as evidenced by affinity cross linking technique and by the Western blot analysis of the partially purified enzyme ; 2 ) that the enzyme is biochemically and immunologically different from the soluble guanylate cyclase as there is no antigenic cross reactivity of 180 kDa guanylate cyclase antibody with soluble guanylate cyclase ; 3 ) in contrast to the soluble guanylate cyclase , the particulate enzyme is not stimulated by nitrite generating compounds and hemin ; and 4 ) protein kinase C inhibits both the basal and ANF dependent guanylate cyclase activity and phosphorylates the 180 kDa guanylate cyclase . ^^^ These results reveal the presence of a 180 kDa protein in rat adrenal glands and support the contention that : ( a ) this protein contains both the guanylate cyclase and ANF receptor ; ( b ) the 180 kDa enzyme is coupled with the ANF dependent cyclic GMP production ; ( c ) the 180 kDa enzyme is biochemically distinct from the nonspecific soluble guanylate cyclase ; and ( d ) there is a protein kinase C dependent negative regulatory loop for the operation of ANF dependent cyclic GMP signal pathway which acts via the phosphorylation of 180 kDa guanylate cyclase . . ^^^ Purification and characterization of the 180 kDa membrane guanylate cyclase containing atrial natriuretic factor receptor from rat adrenal gland and its regulation by protein kinase C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The antibodies recognized a 180 , 000 dalton protein in Lubrol PX extract of porcine kidney cortex membrane , and when immobilized on Sepharose 4B , they co precipitated both [ 125I ] human atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) receptor complex and guanylate cyclase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Receptors for atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) are heterogeneous : an approximately 140 kDa receptor exhibits ANP stimulated guanylate cyclase activity whereas an approximately 65 kDa receptor is thought to act only as a clearance storage protein . ^^^ HeLa cells contain the atrial natriuretic peptide receptor with guanylate cyclase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since methylene blue , an inhibitor of the soluble form of guanylate cyclase , reduces the renal dilator effect of tertatolol , this action could ultimately depend , at least in part , on the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate ; in this respect , the renal effects of tertatolol and atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) are different . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The EC 50 for activation of guanylate cyclase by AP 1 was about 10 ( 7 ) M , while that for the other peptides was about 10 ( 8 ) M , using either divalent cation cofactor . 125I labeled ANF bound to rat adrenal membranes with a KD of 5 . 10 ( 10 ) M . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A line of kidney cells ( PK 1 ) which does not possess measurable ANP binding but has an active particulate guanylate cyclase has been identified . ^^^ The physical characteristics of this enzyme were compared with those of particulate guanylate cyclase and ANP receptors isolated from rat lung . ^^^ Guanylate cyclase from PK 1 cells and rat lung and ANP receptor from lung co eluted during gel filtration chromatography , with a Stokes radius of 6 . 1 nm . ^^^ Comparison of particulate guanylate cyclase in cells with and without atrial natriuretic peptide receptor binding activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We tested the ability of the following putative vasoactive agents to stimulate guanylate cyclase activity in isolated rat cerebral microvessels : angiotensin 2 , arginine vasopressin , atrial natriuretic peptide , bradykinin , carbachol and thrombin ; at concentrations ranging between 10 ( 3 ) and 10 ( 9 ) M . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since ANP selectively activates particulate guanylate cyclase , a possibility could exist that cyclic GMP is the second messenger of ANP signal transduction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In target cells , ANF produces a rise in cyclic guanosine 3 ' , 5 ' monophosphate ( cGMP ) due to activation of particulate guanylate cyclase , and inhibition of adenylate cyclase leading in some cases to a decrease in cyclic adenosine 3 ' , 5 ' monophosphate ( cAMP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANF is a potent relaxant of aortic smooth muscle , a response which is associated with activation of particulate guanylate cyclase and elevation in tissue levels of cyclic GMP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cellular mechanism of the action of atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) is thought to involve activation of guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These data indicate the presence of multiple binding sites for ANF in the pituitary gland and suggest that only part of these sites may be coupled to activation of guanylate cyclase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results reflect the ligand binding specificity found for the major class of ANP receptors on smooth muscle cells and thus provide additional evidence that two distinct ANP receptors exist since ANP receptor coupled guanylate cyclase activity exhibits a very different ANP analog specificity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Indeed , the guanylate cyclase cyclic GMP ( cGMP ) system appears to be the principal mediator of ANF ' s action . ^^^ Specifically , particulate guanylate cyclase , a membrane glycoprotein , transmits ANF ' s effects , as opposed to the activation of soluble guanylate cyclase such agents as sodium nitroprusside . ^^^ The stimulation of particulate guanylate cyclase by ANF manifests several characteristics . ^^^ In hypertension , where ANF levels are either normal or slightly elevated , probably secondary to high blood pressure , the ANF responsiveness of the particulate guanylate cyclase cGMP system , the hypotensive effects , diuresis and natriuresis are exaggerated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As in the periphery , it appears that brain [ 125I ] ANF binding sites are associated with guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The action of ANF is , at least in part , mediated by the activation of particulate guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since the olfactory bulb ANP receptor has been shown to contain a binding component of 116 kDa , while the VSMC ANP receptor binding component is 66 kDa , these receptors appear to be similar to the 2 receptor classes described recently in which the 120 kDa receptor that binds GTP is postulated to be coupled to guanylate cyclase , while the 60 kDa receptor does not bind GTP , is not coupled to guanylate cyclase , and may possess a hormone clearance function . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANP had no influence on the thrombin or ADP induced increase in platelet volume associated with the `` shape change . ' ' Since ANP receptors are coupled to a particulate guanylate cyclase and some ANP induced effects may be mediated through cyclic GMP , we studied how another activator of platelet guanylate cyclase , sodium nitroprusside , affected platelet activation and cyclic nucleotide levels . ^^^ These data suggest that the platelet ANP receptor may be coupled to guanylate cyclase and the rise in cyclic GMP may potentiate platelet function . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These data indicate that BNP and ANP interact with the same receptor sites to activate guanylate cyclase in rat VSMC . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , the interaction of the ANP analogs with a second receptor pool ( B ANP receptors ) , which is coupled to the stimulation of particulate guanylate cyclase , varied over a 1000 fold range of potency consistent with expectations for a receptor that displays rigorous conformational specificity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Further experiments demonstrated that the poor response of SHR VSMCs to the ANF was not due to a population of receptors that did not couple to the particulate guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The homogeneous Mr 130 , 000 receptor protein displayed high guanylate cyclase activity [ 1 . 4 mumol of cyclic GMP formed min 1 ( mg of protein ) 1 ] which was not stimulated by ANF . ^^^ This finding supports the notion that the ANF binding and the guanylate cyclase activities are intrinsic components of the same polypeptide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It assesses the specific binding of 125I labelled ANF on bovine brain microvessel preparations and its coupling with a guanylate cyclase system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results obtained in the absence or presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor support the notion that the effects of ANF were exerted at the level of guanylate cyclase stimulation rather than cGMP phosphodiesterase inhibition . ^^^ The action of sodium nitroprusside ( SNP ) , a direct stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase , differed from that of ANF . ^^^ This study identifies the glomeruli and the distal part of the nephron as specific targets of ANF and implicates particulate guanylate cyclase as the enzyme targetted for the expression of its action . . ^^^ The increase of cGMP by atrial natriuretic factor correlates with the distribution of particulate guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A 23 amino acid synthetic peptide fragment of atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) stimulated guanylate cyclase activity in isolated human glomeruli in a concentration and time dependent manner . ^^^ ANF activated particulate guanylate cyclase whereas it had no effect on soluble guanylate cyclase . ^^^ They also suggest that ANF induced increase in glomerular filtration rate is due to a direct effect of this peptide on the glomerular cells mediated by activation of glomerular guanylate cyclase . . ^^^ Stimulation of guanylate cyclase by atrial natriuretic factor in isolated human glomeruli . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANF raises cyclic GMP in target cells and activates particulate guanylate cyclase but not soluble guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to their established role as transducers regulating adenylate cyclase and retinal cGMP phosphodiesterase , N proteins proteins may be involved in two mechanisms by which the cytoplasmic calcium concentration is elevated , i . e . hormonal stimulation of a phospholipase C catalyzing phosphatidyl inositol 4 , 5 diphosphate hydrolysis ( Pi response ) and hormone induced opening of receptor operated calcium channels ; the membrane bound forms of cAMP phosphodiesterase and guanylate cyclase , stimulated by insulin and atrial natriuretic factor , respectively , are also likely to be regulated via N proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This high affinity binding site for ANF co purified with particulate guanylate cyclase . ^^^ Gel permeation high performance liquid chromatography and glycerol density gradient sedimentation studies of the purified preparation also resulted in co migration of specific ANF binding and guanylate cyclase activities . ^^^ The co purification of these activities suggests that both ANF binding and guanylate cyclase activities reside in the same macromolecular complex . ^^^ Co purification of an atrial natriuretic factor receptor and particulate guanylate cyclase from rat lung . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ANF message is transmitted by particulate guanylate cyclase , which appears to be in intimate contact with the ANF receptor since stimulation of particulate guanylate cyclase is observed even after dispersion of the membranes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the same membrane fraction , ANF also stimulated guanylate cyclase activity in a dose dependent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Receptor occupancy by ANF induces activation of particulate guanylate cyclase , increased cyclic GMP formation and also inhibition of adenylate cyclase which results in a decrease of cyclic AMP formation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This finding suggests that ANP enhances cGMPi by the stimulation of a guanylate cyclase rather than by the inhibition of a cGMP phosphodiesterase . ^^^ Since pertussis toxin is considered to inactivate guanine nucleotide binding proteins ( G proteins ) , this result could indicate that ANP receptors are coupled to a guanylate cyclase via a G protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A novel particulate guanylate cyclase tightly coupled with ANF receptor was purified approximately 273 , 000 fold by two step affinity chromatography . ^^^ These results indicate that the guanylate cyclase coupled ANF receptor exists in a 180 kilodalton protein of rat adrenocortical carcinoma and represent a step toward the elucidation of the basic mechanism of cyclic GMP mediated transmembrane signal transduction in response to a hormone . . ^^^ Coexistence of guanylate cyclase and atrial natriuretic factor receptor in a 180 kD protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human prepro atrial natriuretic factors 26 55 , 56 92 , and 104 123 as well as human atrial natriuretic factor ( 4 28 ) in the present investigation increased renal cortical and medullary cyclic GMP levels and maximally enhanced particulate guanylate cyclase activity [ E . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) receptors with and without guanylate cyclase activity were simultaneously purified to apparent homogeneity from bovine adrenal zona glomerulosa cell membrane fractions . ^^^ The particulate guanylate cyclase which co purified with the ANF receptor showed one of the highest specific activity reported . ^^^ The receptors with or without the guanylate cyclase activity showed high affinities to ANF ( 99 126 ) . ^^^ Purification and characterization of two types of atrial natriuretic factor receptors from bovine adrenal cortex : guanylate cyclase linked and cyclase free receptors . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) receptors with and without guanylate cyclase activity were simultaneously purified to apparent homogeneity from bovine adrenal zona glomerulosa cell membrane fractions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of particulate guanylate cyclase by Lubrol PX , hemin , or atrial natriuretic factor was not significantly different with enzyme prepared from nitroglycerin pretreated or control vessels from rat and human . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These findings suggest that the elevated sensitivity to ANF of blood pressure of SHR can be in part explained by the increased sensitivity to ANF of guanylate cyclase in the vascular wall of SHR . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rat atrial natriuretic peptide 1 28 ( rANP ) activated ciliary process guanylate cyclase activity with a Vmax of from 24 337 % and with a Ka of from 0 . 4 4 nM , similar to that for atriopeptin receptors present in rabbit kidney . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Regulation of guanylate cyclase by atrial natriuretic factor and the role of cyclic GMP in vasodilation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We used cultured rat lung fibroblasts to evaluate the role of particulate and soluble guanylate cyclase in the atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) induced stimulation of cyclic GMP . ^^^ ANF increased the activity of particulate guanylate cyclase by about 10 fold , but had no effect on soluble guanylate cyclase . ^^^ These results demonstrate that rat lung fibroblasts contain ANF receptors and suggest that the ANF induced stimulation of cyclic GMP is mediated entirely by particulate guanylate cyclase . . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic factor and sodium nitroprusside increase cyclic GMP in cultured rat lung fibroblasts by activating different forms of guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Guanylate cyclase activity was correlated with 125I ANF specific binding . ^^^ ANF activation of guanylate cyclase was also observed . ^^^ These observations suggest that most rat glomerular ANF receptors are large molecular complexes coupled with guanylate cyclase in the 300 350 KDa size range . . ^^^ Association of the atrial natriuretic factor receptor with guanylate cyclase in solubilized rat glomerular membranes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of particulate guanylate cyclase , and additionally inhibition of adenylate cyclase , appear to initiate the cellular responses to circulating ANF . ^^^ The ANF receptor appears to be tightly coupled to particulate guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Identification of two binding sites for atrial natriuretic factor in endothelial cells : evidence for a receptor subtype coupled to guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The addition of ANF to Percoll purified liver plasma membranes produced a slight activation of guanylate cyclase ; the ANF stimulated cyclase activity was further increased upon the addition of ATP to the enzyme assay mixture . ^^^ Phosphorylation by ATP might not be involved since ANF stimulated guanylate cyclase was enhanced by non phosphorylating ATP analogues as well . ^^^ Thus , an allosteric ATP binding site is suggested to participate in ANF induced regulation of membrane bound guanylate cyclase . . ^^^ Participation of adenosine 5 ' triphosphate in the activation of membrane bound guanylate cyclase by the atrial natriuretic factor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These data are consistent with the existence of two functional subpopulations of ANP receptors on cultured rat Leydig tumor cells ; one which is capable of activating guanylate cyclase and one which is not linked to this enzyme . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANP increased the activity of particulate guanylate cyclase by 6 fold , while AVP and OT has no effect on particulate guanylate cyclase activity . ^^^ The relatively selective inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase , methylene blue , had no effect on the ANP induced increase in cGMP content in intact cells , but produced a 50 % inhibition of the increase in cGMP by AVP and OT . ^^^ The increase in cGMP by ANP is mediated by particulate guanylate cyclase , whereas AVP and OT probably increase cGMP by interacting with OT receptors coupled to soluble guanylate cyclase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These effects are mediated through specific ANF receptors that couple to and activate the membrane ( particulate ) isoenzyme form of guanylate cyclase and increase cyclic GMP dependent protein kinase activity . ^^^ The ANF receptor of about 130 , 000 daltons , designated receptor ANF R 1 copurifies with particulate guanylate cyclase through numerous procedures and may be part of the membrane associated guanylate cyclase complex . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANF increases cyclic GMP in a wide range of tissues by selectively activating particulate guanylate cyclase . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic factor receptor heterogeneity and stimulation of particulate guanylate cyclase and cyclic GMP accumulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rat adrenocortical carcinoma cells possess a high density of atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) receptors which are coupled with membrane guanylate cyclase and corticosterone production . ^^^ These results suggest that protein kinase C negatively regulates the ANF receptor coupled membrane guanylate cyclase system in these cells . . ^^^ Negative regulation of atrial natriuretic factor receptor coupled membrane guanylate cyclase by phorbol ester . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The stimulation of cyclic GMP accumulation and particulate guanylate cyclase activity by atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) was compared to the affinity and number of ANP receptors in eight cultured cell types . ^^^ ANP ( 1 microM ) increased particulate guanylate cyclase activity by 1 . 5 , 2 . 5 , 3 . 1 , 3 . 2 , 5 . 0 , 7 . 0 , 7 . 8 , and 8 . 0 fold in bovine adrenal cortical , bovine aortic smooth muscle , human lung fibroblast , canine kidney epithelial , rat mammary epithelial , rat Leydig , bovine kidney epithelial , and bovine aortic endothelial cells , respectively . ^^^ The 130 , 000 dalton ANP binding sites bound to a GTP agarose affinity column , and the specific activity of guanylate cyclase was increased by 90 fold in this fraction . ^^^ Our results demonstrate that the increase in cyclic GMP accumulation and particulate guanylate cyclase activity by ANP does not correlate with the affinity and number of ANP binding sites . ^^^ These results suggest that multiple populations of ANP receptors exist in these cells and that only one receptor subtype ( 130 , 000 daltons ) is associated with particulate guanylate cyclase activity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Discrepancies exist between extent of guanylate cyclase activation by atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) in cell free systems and ANP stimulated levels of cyclic GMP in whole cells , and also between receptor affinity and dose effectiveness of ANP . ^^^ Therefore , we have investigated whether , in addition to receptor coupled guanylate cyclase activation , other second messenger cascade systems may be involved in mediating both an increase in cyclic GMP and the physiological response to ANP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The adrenal membranes contained guanylate cyclase activity of 1 . 1 nmol / min / mg protein using Mn GTP as a substrate , which could be stimulated by 0 . 1 microM ANF to 2 . 7 nmol / min / mg . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As opposed to tissue particulate guanylate cyclase , the enzyme in cell membranes was slightly more sensitive to activation by BNF than to stimulation by ANF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rat atrial natriuretic peptide ( 99 126 ) stimulates guanylate cyclase activity in rat subfornical organ and choroid plexus . ^^^ The effect of rat atrial natriuretic peptide ( 99 126 ) ( rANP ) on cyclic guanosine 3 ' , 5 ' monophosphate production was investigated in two brain areas , the subfornical organ and the choroid plexus . rANP activated guanylate cyclase in crude homogenates of rat subfornical organ and choroid plexus in concentration and time dependent fashions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Concomitantly , the ANP receptor coupled guanylate cyclase activity was reduced by the receptor down regulation with ANP . ^^^ Results suggest negative coupling of arginine vasopressin receptors to the guanylate cyclase activity , and indicate that the vasorelaxant activity of ANP might be regulated in part by arginine vasopressin via specific receptor sites . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A linear analog of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) discriminates guanylate cyclase coupled ANP receptors from non coupled receptors . ^^^ ANP ( 103 126 ) ( 100 nM ) stimulated rabbit lung particulate guanylate cyclase activity , whereas analog 1 , at the same concentration , had no effect on cyclic GMP production and did not antagonize the effect of ANP ( 103 126 ) . ^^^ Unlike ANP ( 103 126 ) , analog 1 does not bind to the remaining 27 % of the binding sites and does not activate guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When methylene blue ( 10 ( 5 ) M ) , an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase , was added to slices incubated with isoproterenol and ANP , the inhibition of renin release by ANP was abolished . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic factor had its half maximal [ ED 50 ] activation of guanylate cyclase at its 1 nM concentration while maximal enhancement was at its 100 nM concentration in duodenum , jejunum , and ileum . ^^^ Thus , atrial natriuretic factor increases the force of the spontaneous phasic contractions of the small intestine which are calcium dependent and associated with activation of the guanylate cyclase cyclic GMP system . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The nature and regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) sensitive guanylate cyclase in rat renal glomerular membranes was examined . ^^^ The same antibody completely inhibited ANP stimulated guanylate cyclase activity in glomerular membrane fractions . ^^^ Partially purified protein kinase C inhibited ANP stimulated guanylate cyclase activity in glomerular membrane fractions . ^^^ It is concluded that a 180 kDa ANP sensitive guanylate cyclase is present in glomerular membranes , and that this enzyme is inhibited directly by protein kinase C . . ^^^ Characterization and regulation by protein kinase C of renal glomerular atrial natriuretic peptide receptor coupled guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) is a peptide about 20 to 25 amino acids and comes from a precursor of 152 amino acids , its synthesis was successful ; secreted in the plasma from endocrine atrial granules , it causes striking natriuresis and diuresis and relaxes vascular and intestinal smooth muscle ; it acts on guanylate cyclase but its renal mechanism of action is not well known ; it constitutes an antagonist axe to ADH and RAA system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This concept has been strengthened by the purification and biochemical characterization of a 180 kDa protein , which appears to contain both ANF receptor and guanylate cyclase activities , from rat adrenocortical carcinoma cells . ^^^ Utilizing the antibody to 180 kDa membrane guanylate cyclase as a probe , we now demonstrate the direct presence of ANF dependent membrane guanylate cyclase in mouse and rat testes . ^^^ The antibody blocks the ANF dependent guanylate cyclase activity in isolated membranes , and Western blot analysis of the partially purified enzyme reveals a single 180 kDa protein . ^^^ Characterization of atrial natriuretic factor receptor coupled membrane guanylate cyclase from rat and mouse testes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The guanylate cyclase inhibitor methylene blue ( 10 microM ) , on the other hand , shifted the dose response curves for renin release and cGMP levels to 100 fold higher concentrations of ANP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently a stimulatory effect of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) on the particulate guanylate cyclase system has been reported in the glomeruli from different species . ^^^ ANP and sodium nitroprusside , an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase , had additive effects on cGMP formation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANF displays regional vasorelaxant selectivity in vitro ( e . g . , arteries vs . veins , central vs . peripheral arteries ) , which may be , in part , a function of an altered distribution of high affinity receptors and / or particulate guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results demonstrate that endothelial cells contain two binding sites for ANF ( 8 33 ) and suggest that only the less abundant site ( Mr approximately 130 , 000 ) is the receptor coupled to the activation of guanylate cyclase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since many biological actions of ANF appear coupled to its excitatory action on target cell guanylate cyclase , the current study was designed to characterize the ANF induced cGMP response in anterior pituitary with a view to determining whether the nucleotide plays a regulatory role in the secretory function of this gland . ^^^ A 3 min exposure of cells in primary culture to 300 nM ANF ( 99 126 ) or 100 microM sodium nitroprusside ( SNP ) , a stimulator of guanylate cyclase , causes maximal 10 and 3 fold elevations of cGMP levels , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is supposed that the effects of ANP are mediated through particulate guanylate cyclase activation and intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) accumulation in target tissues including renal and vascular smooth muscles cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Other workers have reported that , like atrial natriuretic peptide , three partial cardiodilatin sequences can stimulate renal particulate guanylate cyclase and increase cyclic guanosine monophosphate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The inactivation of rat atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) was studied using a bioassay , ANF stimulated guanylate cyclase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANF also stimulated the particulate guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We examined the effects of haemoglobin ( which inhibits the vascular responses to stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase ) and of M & B 22 , 948 ( which selectively inhibits cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase ) on the relaxation induced in rabbit aorta by the atrial natriuretic peptide , atriopeptin 2 ( which stimulates particulate guanylate cyclase ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These data suggest that ANP receptor sites are functionally heterogenous , the more abundant site being uncoupled from guanylate cyclase but susceptible to down regulation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results indicate that immune cells have specific ANP receptors which could be coupled to guanylate cyclase activation and may play a role in the regulation of the immune response . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The vasorelaxation to ANF is associated with elevations of cyclic GMP via an activation of the particulate form of guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects on guanylate cyclase and cyclic GMP accumulation of a synthetic peptide containing the amino acid sequence and biological activity of atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) were studied . ^^^ ANF activated particulate guanylate cyclase in a concentration and time dependent fashion in crude membranes obtained from homogenates of rat kidney . ^^^ Activation of particulate guanylate cyclase by ANF was also observed in particulate fractions from homogenates of rat aorta , testes , intestine , lung , and liver , but not from heart or brain . ^^^ Soluble guanylate cyclase obtained from these tissues was not activated by ANF . ^^^ Trypsin treatment of ANF prevented the activation of guanylate cyclase , while heat treatment had no effect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANF selectively activated particulate guanylate cyclase , having no effect on the soluble form of the enzyme . ^^^ ANF appears to increase vascular cGMP levels by activation of particulate guanylate cyclase . . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic factor elicits an endothelium independent relaxation and activates particulate guanylate cyclase in vascular smooth muscle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It also inhibits ANP activated particulate guanylate cyclase from rat kidney , heart and brain membranes in dose dependent fashion , varying also with ANP concentration . ^^^ Isatin is a potent endogenous antagonist of guanylate cyclase coupled atrial natriuretic peptide receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sodium nitroprusside increased cGMP levels 30 fold , suggesting that the respiratory epithelium expresses a soluble guanylate cyclase ; however , endogenous nitric oxide production was not detected . cGMP levels could also be increased by C type natriuretic peptide ( CNP ) , but not by atrial natriuretic peptide , brain natriuretic peptide , or Escherichia coli heat stable enterotoxin , indicating expression of a CNP specific membrane bound guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While the effects of NO on capillary water permeability have not been characterized , other activators of guanylate cyclase , such as sodium nitroprusside and atrial natriuretic peptide , increase capillary hydraulic conductivity ( Lp ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Adrenal fasciculata cells from animals in different hormonal states contained guanylate cyclase linked ANF R 1 receptors but not ANF R 2 ( clearance ) receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both atrial and brain natriuretic peptides ( ANP , BNP ) , which activate particulate guanylate cyclase , inhibited ppET 1 mRNA expression and [ 3H ] thymidine incorporation stimulated by ANG 2 and ET 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial , brain type , and C type natriuretic peptides ( ANP , BNP , and CNP ) act via receptors with intrinsic guanylate cyclase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus evidence obtained in this study permit us to conclude that HS 142 1 is a potent and specific antagonist of ANP , has no toxic effect on the cells and is able to inhibit competitively the binding of ANP to its guanylate cyclase coupled receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Guanylate cyclase A , the receptor for atrial natriuretic factor , contains a protein kinase like domain and a catalytic domain in the intracellular region . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) dependent guanylate cyclase ( ANF RGC ) is a single chain transmembrane spanning protein , containing both ANF binding and catalytic cyclase activity . ^^^ ATP bimodal switch that regulates the ligand binding and signal transduction activities of the atrial natriuretic factor receptor guanylate cyclase . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) dependent guanylate cyclase ( ANF RGC ) is a single chain transmembrane spanning protein , containing both ANF binding and catalytic cyclase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These findings suggest that a specific sperm receptor exists for the chemoattractant activity of ANP that is associated with guanylate cyclase . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic peptide : a chemoattractant of human spermatozoa by a guanylate cyclase dependent pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results suggest that besides a modulation via cGMP a part of the effect of atrial natriuretic factor on migration is regulated via the ANF receptor subtype that does not activate guanylate cyclase . . ^^^ Two inhibitors of soluble guanylate cyclase , 6 anilino 5 , 8 quinolinedione ( LY 83583 ) and methylene blue , have no effect on stimulation of migration by atrial natriuretic factor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A guanylate cyclase inhibitor , LY 83583 , an inhibitor of cGMP dependent protein kinase , KT 5823 , and an inhibitor of Na+ / K+ / 2Cl cotransporter , bumetanide , diminished or abolished the ANP induced increase in [ Cl ] 1 . ^^^ ANP facilitates Cl accumulation in RPE cells , which is mediated by guanylate cyclase , cGMP dependent protein kinase , and the Na+ / K+ / 2Cl cotransporter . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , ARIG reduced sperm exocytosis in response to atrial natriuretic peptide ( a guanylate cyclase activator ) and to the protein kinase C activators phorbol myristate acetate and dioctanoylglycerol . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Studies with ANF receptor guanylate cyclase ( ANF RGC ) have indicated that its ligand binding site is extracellular and the catalytic site is intracellular , but the mere ligand binding to the receptor domain does not activate the cytosolic catalytic domain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In conclusion , the increased natriuretic activity of hANP 99 126 in sodium loaded monkeys was mediated , in part , by increased ANP delivery to the guanylate cyclase linked ANP receptors in the distal renal tubules . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ultracytochemical localization of particulate guanylate cyclase has been studied in lamb olfactory mucosa after activation with rat atrial natriuretic factor ( rANF ) , porcine brain natriuretic peptide ( pBNP ) , porcine C type natriuretic peptide ( pCNP ) or rat brain natriuretic peptide ( rBNP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Acute ANP antagonism was produced by administration of the particulate guanylate cyclase coupled natriuretic peptide receptor antagonist , HS 142 1 , to seven conscious dogs with ELVD and intact atrial appendages ( ELVD INTACT ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results indicate that ANP and BNP can stimulate CNP production through a guanylate cyclase receptor on endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Specific binding of iodinated natriuretic peptides 125I ANP and 125I CNP was examined in the gill of the Atlantic hagfish Myxine glutinosa by tissue section autoradiography , saturation and competition analysis of binding to membrane preparations , affinity cross linking , followed by SDS PAGE and guanylate cyclase assays . ^^^ These data suggest the existence of an ANP guanylate cyclase linked receptor similar to the mammalian NPR A and an ANP / CNP receptor that may be similar to , although not structurally homologous with , the mammalian NPR C clearance receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study shows that the choroid plexus of Rana esculenta contains a guanylate cyclase particulate ( GCp ) , similar to that identified in Mammalia , that is quite sensitive to the atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) . ^^^ Response of guanylate cyclase to atrial natriuretic factor in epithelial cells of the frog choroid plexus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Catalytic activation of guanylate cyclase / atrial natriuretic factor receptor by combined effects of ANF and GTP gamma S in plasma membranes of Leydig tumor cells : involvement of G proteins . ^^^ Guanosine 5 ' ( gamma thio ) triphosphate ( GTP gamma S ) exhibited a modulatory role in the catalytic activation of guanylate cyclase A / atrial natriuretic factor receptor ( GC A / ANF R ) in the plasma membrane preparations of murine Leydig tumor ( MA 10 ) cells . ^^^ Both atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) and GTP gamma S synergistically stimulated the guanylate cyclase ( GC ) activity of GC A / ANF R in a dose and time related manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , unlike ANP , bradykinin stimulated cGMP synthesis was significantly inhibited by prior treatment with oxyhemoglobin ( 10 ( 5 ) M ) , an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase , and NG nitro L arginine ( NO2Arg ) , a specific inhibitor of endothelial derived relaxing factor ( EDRF ) . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , guanosine 3 ' , 5 ' cyclic monophosphate ( cGMP ) elevating maneuvers that stimulate particulate and soluble guanylate cyclase [ atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) and sodium nitroprusside ( SNP ) , respectively ] antagonize ANG 2 mediated PI PLC activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We examined adenosine 5 ' triphosphate ( ATP ) , pertussis toxin ( PT ) and phorbol myristate acetate ( PMA ) , a protein kinase C ( PKC ) activator , modulation of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) stimulated cell membrane guanylate cyclase ( ANP s GC ) activity and ANP stimulation of whole cell cGMP accumulation ( ANP s cGMP ) in an ANP receptor transduction cell model , the human renal cell line ( SK NEP 1 ) . ^^^ Adenosine 5 ' triphosphate , phorbol ester , and pertussis toxin effects on atrial natriuretic peptide stimulation of guanylate cyclase in a human renal cell line . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These data suggest that the major form of ANF receptor in the cultured cells , namely the 60 kDa receptor , lacked guanylate cyclase activity . ^^^ Aortic smooth muscle contains guanylate cyclase coupled 130 kDa atrial natriuretic factor receptor as predominant receptor form . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) specifically stimulates particulate guanylate cyclase , and cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) has been recognized as its second messenger . ^^^ The hyperactivity of particulate guanylate cyclase in SHR and its behavior under basal , ligand ( ANP ) , and detergent enhanced conditions could be attributed either to increased expression or augmented sensitivity of the enzyme . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) specifically stimulates particulate guanylate cyclase , and cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) has been recognized as its second messenger . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CNP 22 bound to only a subset of ANP receptors and was least effective in stimulating glomerular guanylate cyclase , suggesting a differential mode of action from ANP . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Genomic restriction endonuclease analysis and mapping of murine guanylate cyclase A / atrial natriuretic factor receptor gene . ^^^ The membrane bound form of guanylate cyclase represents a biologically active atrial natriuretic factor receptor ( GC / ANF R ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These ARM sequence motifs are respectively represented by Gly 503 Xa Gly 505 Xa Xa Xa Gly 509 and Gly 499 Xa Xa Xa Gly 503 in the case of ANF receptor guanylate cyclase ( ANF RGC ) and CNP receptor guanylate cyclase ( CNP RGC ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although ANF increased guanylate cyclase in whole Sertoli cell homogenates and particulate fractions , PModS did not directly influence guanylate cyclase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results further support the presence of guanylate cyclase coupled ANP receptors in brain localized target sites ; and they provide evidence suggesting that guanylate cyclase linked ANP binding sites in the PVN are susceptible to regulatory changes after adrenalectomy induced activation of the hypothalamus hypophyso adrenocortical system . . ^^^ Adrenalectomy reduces atrial natriuretic peptide stimulated guanylate cyclase activity in rat paraventricular nucleus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mastoparan activated membrane bound guanylate cyclase and potentiated the effect of atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) and ATP on guanylate cyclase activity in rat lung membranes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our data suggest that human erythrocytes possess guanylate cyclase activity stimulated by ANP 3 and that activation of Na+ / H+ exchange by this peptide is mediated by cGMP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The antagonism of 3CT on responses to ANP is not at the receptor level , because 3CT did not compete for [ 125I ] ANP binding or inhibit ANP stimulated guanylate cyclase in kidney cell membranes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Detection of particulate guanylate cyclase in rat neurohypophysis after stimulation with ANF and BNP : an ultracytochemical study . ^^^ We investigated the ultracytochemical localization of particulate guanylate cyclase ( GC ) in the rat neurohypophysis after activation with rat atrial natriuretic factor ( rANF ) or porcine brain natriuretic peptide ( pBNP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
H2O using NaCl reduced both ANP stimulated guanylate cyclase activity ( from 7 . 7 + / 1 . 1 to 4 . 1 + / 0 . 5 fmol / mm / 5 min ) and cGMP generation ( from 1 . 35 + / 0 . 18 to 0 . 48 + / 0 . 20 fmol / mm / 3 min ) in IMCD . ^^^ Hypertonicity using urea also inhibited ANP stimulated guanylate cyclase activity and cGMP generation in IMCD . ^^^ In summary , hyperosmolality using NaCl and urea inhibited ANP sensitive guanylate cyclase activity and cGMP generation both in IMCD and glomeruli . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results suggest that ANF potentiates glibenclamide sensitive K+ currents via the activation of receptor guanylate cyclase and consequent accumulation of cGMP in follicle enclosed Xenopus oocytes . . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic factor potentiates glibenclamide sensitive K+ currents via the activation of receptor guanylate cyclase in follicle enclosed Xenopus oocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) relaxes the vascular smooth muscle via particulate guanylate cyclase . ^^^ The role of adenylate cyclase , particulate guanylate cyclase , and soluble guanylate cyclase in the direct inhibitory effect of ANP on contraction of this muscle cell induced by carbachol was investigated . ^^^ An inhibitor of adenylate cyclase ( 2 ' , 5 ' dideoxyadenosine ) and two inhibitors of particulate guanylate cyclase ( HS 142 1 , and PMA ) had no significant effect on the relaxation produced by ANP . ^^^ In contrast , an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase ( LY 83583 ) significantly and completely inhibited the relaxation produced by ANP . ^^^ This is the first report demonstrating the direct inhibitory action of ANP on the isolated caecal smooth muscle cells via soluble guanylate cyclase , which differs from the intracellular mechanism responsible for the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle produced by ANP . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Possibility of downregulation of atrial natriuretic peptide receptor coupled to guanylate cyclase in peripheral vascular beds of patients with chronic severe heart failure . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The membrane bound form of guanylate cyclase / atrial natriuretic factor receptor ( GC / ANF R ) is a 135 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein which binds ANF with high affinity . ^^^ We have expressed the extracellular ligand binding domain of murine guanylate cyclase ANF R ( GC / ANFR LBD ) cDNA in Escherichia coli . ^^^ These findings establish that E . coli may be utilized as an effective heterologous model system to delineate the structure function analysis of guanylate cyclase coupled ANF receptor molecules . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The membrane bound form of guanylate cyclase represents a biologically active atrial natriuretic factor receptor ( GC / ANF R ) . ^^^ Stoichiometric analysis of internalization , recycling , and redistribution of photoaffinity labeled guanylate cyclase / atrial natriuretic factor receptors in cultured murine Leydig tumor cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Modulation of guanylate cyclase coupled atrial natriuretic factor receptor activity by mastoparan and ANF in murine Leydig tumor cells : role of G proteins . ^^^ Mastoparan potently stimulated catalytic activity of guanylate cyclase coupled atrial natriuretic factor receptor ( GC A / ANF R ) , both in the plasma membranes and intact Leydig tumor ( MA 10 ) cells . ^^^ Furthermore , these findings provide new evidence that mastoparan ( isolated from wasp venom ) potently stimulates guanylate cyclase activity of GC A / ANF R by activating G proteins . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The peptide hormone atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) exerts its effect in a receptor mediated fashion and the membrane bound form of guanylate cyclase represents a biologically active ANF receptor ; thus , cGMP has been considered a second messenger of ANF . ^^^ To understand the mechanisms of ANF action , we have studied its effect on protein phosphorylation in the plasma membrane preparations of murine Leydig tumor ( MA 10 ) cells , which overexpress guanylate cyclase coupled ANF receptor molecules in high density . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Studies with ANF receptor guanylate cyclase ( ANF RGC ) have indicated that obligatory in this activation process is an ATP dependent step . ^^^ This sequence is Gly Xa Xa Xa Gly , represented by Gly 505 Ser Asn Tyr Gly 509 in the case of ANF RGC ARM and by Gly 499 Ser Ser Tyr Gly 503 in the CNP receptor guanylate cyclase ARM . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The biologically relevant receptor for atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) has been shown to be membrane bound guanylate cyclase . ^^^ While guanylate cyclase is known to be activated by ANF and ATP , the molecular mechanism of the enzyme activation remains unclear . ^^^ We now show that melittin , the main peptide toxin of bee venom , activates membrane bound guanylate cyclase and potentiates ANF and ATP stimulated guanylate cyclase activity in rat lung membranes . ^^^ Therefore , melittin would be a valuable tool for exploring the molecular mechanisms of ANF mediated guanylate cyclase activation . . ^^^ Melittin potentiates guanylate cyclase activation stimulated by atrial natriuretic factor and ATP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study directly tested for an involvement of ANF R 1 receptors , the receptors coupled to guanylate cyclase activation , in neuromodulatory effects of ANF . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic factor alters neurotransmission independently of guanylate cyclase coupled receptors in the rabbit vas deferens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , halothane ( 1 . 0 mM ) , like atrial natriuretic factor ( 5 microM ) , stimulated the particulate guanylate cyclase enzyme activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Identity of the ANF receptor guanylate cyclase was probed with a specific polyclonal antibody to the 180 kDa membrane guanylate cyclase ( mGC ) ANF receptor . ^^^ A Western blot analysis of GTP affinity purified endothelial cell membrane proteins recognized a 180 kDa band ; the same antibody inhibited the ANF stimulated guanylate cyclase activity ; the ANF dependent rise of cyclic GMP in the intact cells was dose dependent . ^^^ These results demonstrate that the 180 kDa mGC coupled ANF and ET 1 signaling systems coexist in endothelial cells and that the ET 1 signal negates the ANF dependent guanylate cyclase activity and cyclic GMP formation . ^^^ Interaction of atrial natriuretic factor and endothelin 1 signals through receptor guanylate cyclase in pulmonary artery endothelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The guanylate cyclase activators sodium nitroprusside and atrial natriuretic factor reduced the induced release of t PA and vWF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANP binding and guanylate cyclase activities in purified liver plasma membrane fractions were determined by conventional radioreceptor and enzymatic techniques . ^^^ Increases in receptor density in DS rats were accompanied by increases in both basal and ANP stimulated guanylate cyclase activities . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : These results indicate that plasma membrane isolated from the liver of DS rats exhibit increased expression of the guanylate cyclase linked ANP B ( guanylate cyclase A and / or guanylate cyclase B ) receptors over similar preparations isolated from DR rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Guanylate cyclase and corneal deturgescence assays were used in an attempt to correlate 125I ANP binding activity with physiologic processes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results indicate that downregulation of ANP receptors coupled to guanylate cyclase may occur in the peripheral vascular beds of patients with chronic severe CHF . . ^^^ Possibility of downregulation of atrial natriuretic peptide receptor coupled to guanylate cyclase in peripheral vascular beds of patients with chronic severe heart failure . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recent molecular cloning reports show that there are at least three membrane guanylate cyclases in vertebrate retina : ( 1 ) atrial natriuretic factor receptor guanylate cyclase ( ANF RGC ) , ( 2 ) C type natriuretic peptide receptor guanylate cyclase ( CNP RGC ) , and ( 3 ) `` retinal guanylate cyclase ' ' ( RetGC ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results suggest that RCR 1 cells have a B receptor which contains a guanylate cyclase domain and is preferentially activated by CNP , and that they also have a C receptor which does not contain a guanylate cyclase domain that reacts with both ANP and CNP . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The authors have previously shown that atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) mediates its cellular effects in part by changes in Ca2+ homeostasis in kidney cortex and that Ca2+ + Mg2+ ATPase is linked to ANP receptors , being reciprocally modulated by the guanylate cyclase system . ^^^ While the guanylate cyclase activity was decreased very rapidly in the hypertensive diabetic group , the sensitivity of the Ca2+ pump to ANP was increased at an early stage ( three weeks ) and decreased at a late stage ( ten weeks ) of CHF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects of atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) and isosorbide dinitrate ( ISDN ) , activators of particulate and soluble guanylate cyclase , respectively , on K+ currents were investigated in patch clamp recordings of smooth muscle cells cultured from rat thoracic aorta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast to our material , ANF ( atriopeptin 3 , 1 microM 10 fM ) failed to activate guanylate cyclase in T 84 cells , while the heat stable E . coli enterotoxin ( STa ) significantly increased cyclic GMP levels at the dose of 5 microM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic peptide and endothelium derived relaxing factor both cause vascular relaxation by generating cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) , by activating the particulate and the soluble guanylate cyclase , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ANP induced accumulation of cGMP was enhanced in mesangial cells cultured under high glucose conditions , possibly due to the activation of particulate guanylate cyclase . ^^^ Ang 2 action in mesangial cells was evaluated by measuring the ability of Ang 2 to inhibit ANP induced cGMP accumulation through both activating phosphodiesterase ( initial phase ) and inhibiting guanylate cyclase ( maintenance phase ) . ^^^ The inhibition of both ANP induced cellular cGMP accumulation and particulate guanylate cyclase activity by Ang 2 was significantly reduced in mesangial cells cultured under high concentrations of glucose . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we report that atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) , a known activator of particulate guanylate cyclase , induces attraction and swimming speed enhancement of human spermatozoa in vitro . ^^^ These observations suggest either that an ANP like substance is the physiological attractant for human spermatozoa , or , more likely , that ANP directly affects guanylate cyclase in a manner similar to that caused by the physiological attractant . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Xenopus oocytes were found to express atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) receptors that activate guanylate cyclase and stimulate cyclic guanosine 5 ' monophosphate ( cGMP ) production in a dose and time dependent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We reported earlier that angiotensin 2 inhibits basal and atrial natriuretic peptide stimulated particulate guanylate cyclase activity through AT 2 receptors in PC12W cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We undertook the present study to determine whether atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) , a particulate guanylate cyclase stimulator , plays a direct role in uptake of immunoglobulin G ( IgG ) complexes by macrophages . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The weak effects found with C type atrial natriuretic peptide suggest that the primary culture of calf adrenal glomerulosa cells contain the guanylate cyclase A receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In summary , the pathophysiological range of plasma ANF concentrations greatly increases plasma and pulmonary cGMP concentrations ( by activating particulate guanylate cyclase ) , but has little influence on the aorta cGMP concentration ( which remains mainly dependent on NO synthase : soluble guanylate cyclase activity ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All three natriuretic peptides ( ANF , BNP , and CNP ) stimulated the activity of particulate guanylate cyclase by 8 . 4 , 8 . 5 , and 4 . 8 fold and the accumulation of intracellular cGMP by 52 , 58 , and 19 fold , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The inhibitory action of ET 1 on ANP secretion was almost abolished by simultaneous perfusion of indomethacin , a cyclooxygenase inhibitor , but not by methylene blue , an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Receptor binding and cGMP production assays in bovine adrenal cortex indicate that replacement of the amino terminal segment of pBNP 32 with that of rANF ( 99 126 ) enhances the affinity of the peptide for the ANF R1A receptor subtype and its stimulation of associated guanylate cyclase activity . ^^^ Moreover , an excellent correlation is observed between the affinity of the peptides for the ANF R1A receptor and their stimulation of particulate guanylate cyclase activity in bovine adrenal cortex ( r = 0 . 99 , p < 0 . 01 ) and rat papillary ( r = 0 . 97 , p < 0 . 01 ) membrane preparations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These properties are similar to those of ANP and guanylin receptors , indicating that the photoreceptor protein shares characteristics of the membrane receptor guanylate cyclase family . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The stimulatory effect of NO is likely to be mediated by cGMP since ( a ) an inhibitor of the soluble guanylate cyclase , methylene blue , reversed the stimulatory effect of NO donors on COX 2 mRNA expression ; ( b ) the membrane permeable cGMP analogue , 8 Br cGMP , mimicked the stimulatory effect of NO donors on COX 2 mRNA expression ; and ( c ) atrial natriuretic peptide , which increases cellular cGMP by activating the membrane bound guanylate cyclase , also amplified IL 1 beta induced COX 2 mRNA expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro , its most potent known actions are as an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B ( IC 50 approximately 3 microM ) , and of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) receptor binding and ANP induced guanylate cyclase ( both with an IC 50 approximately 0 . 4 microM ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These findings suggested that PMA acts on ANP receptor or guanylate cyclase via activation of PKC in rat mesangial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In endothelium denuded rat aortic rings , isoprenaline induced relaxation was potentiated by the guanylate cyclase activators atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF , 1 to 10 nM ) and sodium nitroprusside ( SNP , 1 to 10 nM ) , and to a greater extent in the presence of the cyclic GMP specific phosphodiesterase ( PDE 5 ) inhibitor , 1 , 3dimethyl 6 ( 2 propoxy 5 methane sulphonylamidophenyl ) pyrazolo [ 3 , 4 d ] pyrimidin 4 ( 5H ) one ( DMPPO , 30 nM ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HS 42 1 , a guanylate cyclase receptor antagonist , tended to reverse the effect of ANP on glucagon release . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The inhibitory effects of ANP on EPSP amplitude were mimicked by application of 3 ' 5 ' dibutyryl cGMP , consistent with the guanylate cyclase activity of natriuretic peptide receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because most biological actions of natriuretic peptides are thought to be mediated by the guanylate cyclase ( G C ) receptors via cGMP , we have compared the biological and G C stimulating effects of equimolar infusions of ANP and BNP ( 2 pmol / kg . min ) , or vehicle control , on renal , hormonal and hemodynamic function in 8 normal subjects . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In studies of cell fractions , the activity of membrane guanylate cyclase was found to be increased by incubation with FMLP as well as by atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) plus ATP . ^^^ There are approximately 7 , 300 membrane guanylate cyclase molecules per cell , based on binding studies with ANP , with a dissociation constant of approximately 450 pM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vasopressin and histamine , both activators of the inositol phosphate / diacylglycerol phosphate pathway in non pigmented ciliary epithelial cells , inhibited CNP stimulation of guanylate cyclase ( NPR B ) and 125I ANP binding ( NPR C ) by 30 38 % . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Concentrations of nitric oxide that inhibited beta 2 integrin dependent adherence also inhibited catalytic activity of membrane associated guanylate cyclase and binding of atrial natriuretic peptide , but were insufficient to activate cytosolic guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Drug induced relaxation was quantified as a reduced number of wrinkles after exposure to 3 morpholino sydnonimine ( SIN 1 ) or atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) in the absence or in the presence of either 0 . 3 microM methylene blue ( MB ) , a guanylate cyclase inhibitor , or 10 microM hemoglobin , a NO scavenger ; and under 100 % oxygen ( hyperoxia ) , ambient air ( normoxia ) , or 100 % nitrogen ( hypoxia ) . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : SIN 1 and ANP relax pericytes through the activation of guanylate cyclase ( inhibited by MB ) , but only SIN 1 through an extracellular release of NO ( inhibited by hemoglobin ) . ^^^ Oxygen modulation of guanylate cyclase mediated retinal pericyte relaxations with 3 morpholino sydnonimine and atrial natriuretic peptide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In veins and arteries , most of the ANF receptors were of the type A guanylate cyclase as opposed to clearance receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results show that the reoxygenation induced hypercontracture in cardiomyocytes can be attenuated by the temporary presence of the stimulators of particulate guanylate cyclase , ANP or urodilatin . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the activation of particulate guanylate cyclase in pregnant women with pregnancy induced hypertension ( PIH ) , plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) , brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) , and guanosine 3 ' , 5 ' cyclic phosphate ( cGMP ) were measured by radioimmunoassays specific to each substance . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Natriuretic peptide system consists of three endogenous ligands , ANP ( atrial natriuretic peptide ) , BNP ( brain natriuretic peptide ) and CNP ( C type natriuretic peptide ) , and three receptor subtypes , natriuretic peptide receptor ( NPR ) A or guanylate cyclase ( GC ) A and NPR B or GC B and C receptor ( NPR C ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Receptor activation of particulate guanylate cyclase was tested by atrial natriuretic peptide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of ANP was mediated via the guanylate cyclase coupled NPR A as shown by experiments employing stable cGMP analogs , the NPR A antagonist HS 142 1 , LY 83583 , a cGMP inhibitor as well as C ANF , a specific ligand of the NPR C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The suspect role of the receptor mediated cyclic GMP signaling pathway was dispelled by the discovery of a membrane guanylate cyclase that was also an atrial natriuretic factor receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The order of potency of the natriuretic peptides ANP > BNP > CNP suggests that type A particulate membrane bound guanylate cyclase predominates . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We measured plasma levels of nitrites , nitrates and cGMP and intraplatelet levels of cGMP , as an indicator of intracellular guanylate cyclase activity , and ANP before and after a maximal treadmill test . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These findings demonstrate that ANP inhibits accelerated ET secretion from cultured human endothelial cells , probably due to augmentation of intracellular cyclic GMP levels by ANP activated guanylate cyclase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results indicate that ANP stimulates Na+ dependent 45Ca2+ efflux from freshly isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes , probably through Na+ / Ca2+ exchange , and that the stimulatory effect of ANP on Ca2+ efflux may be mediated via the natriuretic peptide receptor which has been shown to couple to guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic peptide and B type natriuretic peptide are the humoral mediators of this effect ; they act primarily by binding to membrane bound natriuretic peptide receptor A ( NPRA ) and stimulating its intrinsic guanylate cyclase activity . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic peptide dependent guanylate cyclase activity ranged progressively from approximately one half normal in one copy animals to twice normal in four copy animals ( P < 0 . 001 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANP activation of guanylate cyclase A receptors produces cGMP , which is preferentially extruded on the basolateral side of the cells and inhibits the amiloride sensitive Na channel activity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The appearance of mRNA transcripts for the natriuretic peptide receptors A and B during cell growth correspond with a significant increase in the cyclic guanosine monophosphate response to both ANF and CNP , confirming the presence of functionally active guanylate cyclase linked A and B natriuretic peptide receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Iodinated atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) binding sites were examined in the gills and ventral aorta of the adult upstream migrating lamprey Geotria australis using tissue section autoradiography , in vitro competition analysis and affinity cross linking , while guanylate cyclase assays were performed on gill membranes of both adult and juvenile lampreys . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the cGMP pathway , we examined the effect of atrial natriuretic factor known to activate the receptor linked to the particulate guanylate cyclase via G protein coupling and that of sodium nitroprusside [ nitric oxide ( NO ) donor ] , authentic NO and carbon monoxide , which stimulate the intracellular soluble fraction of GC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found two ANP receptor subtypes , guanylate cyclase coupled and uncoupled , in both rat strains . ^^^ The lower ANP binding in SHR was the result of a decrease of binding to the guanylate cyclase coupled receptor subtype A , a decrease that correlated well with the decreased ANP induced cGMP formation in SHR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ultracytochemical localization of particulate guanylate cyclase ( GC ) has been studied in Rana esculenta choroid plexus after activation with rat atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) , porcine brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) and porcine C type natriuretic peptide ( CNP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Short term antagonism was produced by bolus administration ( 3 mg / kg ) of HS 142 1 , an antagonist of guanylate cyclase coupled ANP receptors , and long term antagonism was produced by continuous infusion ( 1 mg / kg per h ) of HS 142 1 for 8 h to dogs with early stage HF induced by rapid ventricular pacing ( 270 beats / min , 8 days ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present results demonstrate that , cicletanine antagonizes Et 1 induced vasoconstriction in an isolated human pulmonary artery and potentiates vasorelaxation by two guanylate cyclase activators , ANP and SNP . ( ) Cicletanine displays greater vasorelaxant activity 5 ( + ) enantiomer . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The receptor for atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) is a type 1 transmembrane protein containing an extracellular ligand binding domain , a single transmembrane sequence , an intracellular kinase homologous domain , and a guanylate cyclase ( GCase ) domain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The atrial natriuretic peptide induced endothelial apoptosis was completely blocked by a guanylate cyclase coupled receptor antagonist ( HS 142 1 ) and an inhibitor of cGMP dependent protein kinase ( KT 5823 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated ( 1 ) the in vivo functional significance of the type B ( ANP ( B ) ) and type C ( ANP ( C ) ) natriuretic peptide receptors in the rabbit eye by evaluating the effect of intracameral administration of C type natriuretic peptide ( CNP ) and C ANP ( 4 23 ) on intraocular pressure , and ( 2 ) the action of CNP on guanylate cyclase activity in the rabbit ciliary process membranes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We conclude that there was a specific reduction in the relaxant effects of ANP and BNP in isolated coronary arteries in severe CHF dogs , which suggests the possibility of the downregulation of NP receptors coupled to guanylate cyclase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This response required cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) mediated processes because ( 1 ) immunoreactive cGMP accumulated in the culture medium of SNAP treated cells ; ( 2 ) SNAP induced TGF beta 1 release was blunted by KT 5823 , an inhibitor of cGMP dependent protein kinase ; and ( 3 ) similar increase in TGF beta 1 release was obtained by cell exposure to membrane permeable dibutyryl cGMP or to atrial natriuretic factor , a known agonist of particulate guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PCR products with the expected length were obtained for guanylate cyclase A receptor , the physiological receptor of ANP , both in quiescent and activated human cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ultrastructural analysis and cytochemical localization of atrial natriuretic peptide stimulated guanylate cyclase in internal gills of Bufo bufo tadpoles . ^^^ In this study on the internal gills of the larvae of Bufo bufo we examined the ultrastructural features and , using cytochemical methods , showed the localization of guanylate cyclase in the presence of atrial natriuretic peptide . ^^^ The cytochemical localization of the guanylate cyclase in the presence of exogenous atrial natriuretic peptide demonstrates that the internal gills of the larvae are an important target organ for the peptide and therefore , it is proposed that , at this level , the atrial natriuretic peptide carries out an important osmoregulatory role . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) receptor is a 130 kDa transmembrane protein containing an extracellular ANP binding domain , a single transmembrane sequence , an intracellular kinase homologous domain , and a guanylate cyclase ( GCase ) domain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , we examined the effect of an inhibitor of cAMP dependent protein kinase , an inhibitor of particulate or soluble guanylate cyclase , an atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) antagonist ( ANP 1 11 ) , and selective receptor protection on the BNP induced relaxation of these muscle cells . ^^^ This study demonstrates that BNP induces relaxation of these muscle cells via both ANP binding sites coupled to soluble guanylate cyclase and distinct BNP binding sites coupled to adenylate cyclase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANP effects were significantly blocked by HS 142 1 , an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase activation , or by ET 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Escherichia Coli heat stable enterotoxin ( STa ) acts on a particulate guanylate cyclase receptors leading to an increase in cytosolic cGMP similar to ANP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The natriuretic action of ANP is probably due to the interaction of the filtered peptide with the particulate guanylate cyclase at the apical pole of the epithelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There are two distinct biochemical and functional classes of ANP receptors , guanylate cyclase receptor ( GC R ) and clearance receptors ( clearance R ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Regulation of ANP stimulated guanylate cyclase in the presence of Mn2+ in rat lung membranes . ^^^ The catalytic activity of guanylate cyclase ( GCase ) coupled to atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) receptor depends on the metal co factor , Mn2+ or Mg2+ . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ANP receptor that mediates these actions is a glycosylated transmembrane protein coupled to guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Kainate induced injury was prevented by cyclic GMP analogues ( 8 bromo cyclic GMP and dibutyryl cyclic GMP ) , a guanylate cyclase activator [ atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) ] , and phosphodiesterase inhibitors [ 3 isobutyl 1 methylxanthine ( IBMX ) , ibudilast , propentofylline , and rolipram ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANF is likely to act as a negative putative neuromodulator inhibiting noradrenergic neurotransmission by signaling through the activation of guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Several natriuretic peptides ( atrial natriuretic peptide , brain natriuretic peptide , and C type natriuretic peptide ) and uroguanylin were used to stimulate the different particulate guanylate cyclase isoforms guanylate cyclase A , guanylate cyclase B , and guanylate cyclase C , respectively , in pregnant ( n = 8 ) and nonpregnant ( n = 6 ) animals . ^^^ Pregnancy selectively increased atrial natriuretic peptide stimulated particulate guanylate cyclase activity ( attributed to guanylate cyclase A ) , although it did not change basal myometrial particulate guanylate cyclase activity in general . ^^^ The selective increase in responsiveness of particulate guanylate cyclase to atrial natriuretic peptide during pregnancy was not paralleled by an increased in level of messenger ribonucleic acid for the gene for guanylate cyclase A . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Pregnancy reduced the in vitro responsiveness of the myometrial soluble guanylate cyclase to nitric oxide while increasing the responsiveness of the particulate isoform to atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide through a mechanism independent of any change in receptor expression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In response to agonists ( atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) and brain natriuretic peptide ) , the kinase homology domain mediated guanylate cyclase repression is removed , which allows the production of cyclic GMP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We tested whether hsp 90 plays a role as a chaperone for GC A , the membrane guanylate cyclase that acts as a receptor for atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) . ^^^ The association of hsp 90 and p 50 ( cdc 37 ) with GC A was dependent on the kinase homology domain of this receptor but not on its ANP binding , transmembrane , or guanylate cyclase domains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of particulate guanylate cyclase by atrial natriuretic peptide also triggered an increase in cGMP production . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Nitric oxide ( NO ) and atrial natriuretic peptides ( ANP ) activate soluble ( sGC ) and particulate guanylate cyclase ( pGC ) , respectively , and play important roles in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) receptor guanylate cyclase ( ANF RGC ) is a single chain transmembrane spanning protein , containing both ANF binding and catalytic activities . ^^^ Three dimensional atomic model and experimental validation for the ATP Regulated Module ( ARM ) of the atrial natriuretic factor receptor guanylate cyclase . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) receptor guanylate cyclase ( ANF RGC ) is a single chain transmembrane spanning protein , containing both ANF binding and catalytic activities . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A specific NP guanylate cyclase ( GC ) receptor antagonist , HS 142 1 , blocked the actions of ANP [ but not those of C ANP ( 4 23 ) ] , supporting the involvement of both GC and NPRC receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , it remains unclear whether the vasorelaxing effect of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) , an activator of particulate guanylate cyclase , is affected by treatment with NO donors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic peptide and guanylin activated guanylate cyclase isoforms in human sweat glands . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Anantin , a competitive blocker of the guanylate cyclase A receptor , significantly reduced the increase in cGMP produced by ANP and BNP , but had no effect on relaxation induced by either peptide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) receptor guanylate cyclase ( ANF RGC ) is a single chain transmembrane spanning protein , containing both ANF binding and catalytic activities . ^^^ Three dimensional atomic model and experimental validation for the ATP Regulated Module ( ARM ) of the atrial natriuretic factor receptor guanylate cyclase . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) receptor guanylate cyclase ( ANF RGC ) is a single chain transmembrane spanning protein , containing both ANF binding and catalytic activities . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We previously found that antioxidants such as 17 beta estradiol and resveratrol activate membrane bound guanylate cyclase GC A , the receptor for atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) , in PC 12 cells . ^^^ DTT and vitamin C inhibited membrane bound guanylate cyclase activity stimulated by ANF in PC 12 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Membrane bound guanylate cyclase A ( GC A ) , the receptor for atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) , has been shown to be regulated by its kinase like domain . ^^^ GC A was poorly activated by ANF and ATP after the rat lung membrane was pretreated with pronase , suggesting that ANF / ATP and pronase activate guanylate cyclase through the same mechanism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A minireview is presented on the ultracytochemical localization of membrane bound guanylate cyclase ( GC ) in various tissues and in cultured cells after activation with three natriuretic peptides , the atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) , the brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) , and the C type natriuretic peptide ( CNP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study investigated the hypothesis that atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) responses are mediated by particulate guanylate cyclase in the pulmonary vascular bed of the cat . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of guanylate cyclase by natriuretic peptides in mouse pituitary AtT 20 cells is influenced by phosphorylation of ANP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) and brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) exert their physiological actions by binding to natriuretic peptide receptor A ( NPRA ) , a receptor guanylate cyclase ( rGC ) that synthesizes cGMP in response to both ligands . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) and brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) exert their physiological actions by binding to natriuretic peptide receptor A ( NPRA ) , a receptor guanylate cyclase ( rGC ) that synthesizes cGMP in response to both ligands . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The binding of ANF to its receptor , which is also a guanylate cyclase , generates the signal . ^^^ This cyclase has been termed atrial natriuretic factor receptor guanylate cyclase , ANF RGC . ^^^ Allosteric regulatory step and configuration of the ATP binding pocket in atrial natriuretic factor receptor guanylate cyclase transduction mechanism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) and nitric oxide ( NO ) were used to stimulate guanylate cyclase . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) and nitric oxide ( NO ) were used to stimulate guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Increasing evidences indicate that the testis shows the highest reactivity of stimulation of guanylate cyclase by ANF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sodium nitroprusside ( SNP ) , an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase , as well as atrial natriuretic ( ANP ) and C type natriuretic ( CNP ) peptides , activators of particulate guanylate cyclase , blunted the hydrogen peroxide induced contraction of BAEC and myosin light chain phosphorylation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cytochemical methods were used to localize guanylate cyclase in the presence of atrial natriuretic peptide and immunocytochemical methods showed the presence of the atrial natriuretic peptide in various levels of skin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , rat ANP , frog ANP , and porcine CNP stimulated a significant increase in cGMP generation in bladder membrane preparations , which indicated the presence of guanylate cyclase linked receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ANP receptor is a single transmembrane sequence receptor coupled to guanylate cyclase ( GCase ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ATP / dithiothreitol ( DTT ) stimulated guanylate cyclase ( GC ) in lung membrane was stimulated 18 fold by ATP and DTT , and both its activity and atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) stimulated GC activity were observed to be additive . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial and C type natriuretic peptide ( ANP / CNP ) are present in cerebral cortex and their actions are mediated via particulate guanylate cyclase receptors and cGMP production . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular natriuretic peptide receptor linked particulate guanylate cyclases are modulated by nitric oxide cyclic GMP signalling . ( 1 ) The sensitivity of the particulate guanylate cyclase cyclic guanosine 3 ' , 5 ' monophosphate ( cGMP ) system to atrial ( ANP ) and C type ( CNP ) natriuretic peptides was investigated in aortae and mesenteric small arteries from wild type ( WT ) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ) knockout ( KO ) mice . ( 2 ) ANP and CNP produced concentration dependent relaxations of mouse aorta that were significantly attenuated by the natriuretic peptide receptor ( NPR ) A / B antagonist HS 142 1 ( 10 ( 5 ) M ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To directly test whether accumulation of intracellular cyclic GMP conveys protection against cardiac hypertrophy , we engineered transgenic mice that overexpress a catalytic fragment of constitutively active guanylate cyclase domain of the atrial natriuretic peptide receptor in a cardiomyocyte specific manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) , a stimulator of particulate guanylate cyclase , has been found to protect against reoxygenation induced hypercontracture in isolated cardiomyocytes by increasing cyclic guanosine monophosphate synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANP activities are mediated by a single span transmembrane receptor carrying intrinsic guanylate cyclase activity . ^^^ ANP binding to its extracellular domain stimulates guanylate cyclase activity by an as yet unknown mechanism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND / AIMS : Preconditioning of livers with atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) attenuates ischemia reperfusion injury ( IRI ) via the particulate guanylate cyclase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic pepticle ( ANP ) stimulates guanylate cyclase A , which is predominantly expressed in the rat parotid gland . ^^^ ATP is well known to increase ANP stimulated guanylate cyclase , with Mg2+ as a cofactor . ^^^ ANP ( 10 ( 7 ) M ) stimulated guanylate cyclase activity to 120 % 130 % of the control level , and ATP ( 0 . 1 1 . 0 mM ) depressed its activity , with or without ANP , to 70 % 80 % of the control . ^^^ In the presence of phosphate ( 5 mM ) , guanylate cyclase with and without ANP was maximally stimulated to 5 and 6 . 6 fold of the control , respectively . ^^^ The net stimulation of guanylate cyclase by ANP was increased at ATP concentrations between 0 . 2 and 0 . 5 mM in the presence of phosphate ( 5 mM or 10 mM ) , but no change was observed in the absence of phosphate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANF effects are mediated by NPR A receptors coupled to guanylate cyclase and cGMP as second messenger . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) receptor guanylate cyclase ANF RGC is a single transmembrane spanning modular protein . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) receptor guanylate cyclase ANF RGC is a single transmembrane spanning modular protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) receptor is a single span transmembrane receptor that is coupled to its intrinsic intracellular guanylate cyclase ( GCase ) catalytic activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ATP regulated module ( ARM ) of the atrial natriuretic factor receptor guanylate cyclase . ^^^ Three dimensional atomic model and experimental validation for the ATP regulated module ( ARM ) of the atrial natriuretic factor receptor guanylate cyclase . ^^^ Allosteric regulatory step and configuration of the ATP binding pocket in atrial natriuretic factor receptor guanylate cyclase transduction mechanism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three possible mechanisms may contribute : increased cGMP synthesis by soluble ( activated by nitric oxide ) , or particulate ( activated by atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) ) guanylate cyclase or increased release from cells . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Both increased ANP and increased activation of soluble guanylate cyclase by nitric oxide contribute to increased plasma cGMP in patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cGMP gated cationic conductance associated with AQP 1 is activated by an endogenous receptor guanylate cyclase for atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Most of the physiological actions of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) may be attributed to activation of the natriuretic peptide receptor A ( NPR A ) guanylyl cyclase . ^^^ We report here that truncation of the NPR A cytoplasmic domain results in increased expression of cell surface ANP binding sites . ^^^ Disuccinimidyl suberate cross linked [ 125I ] ANP to 135 kDa NPR A on intact cells . ^^^ The 125 kDa NPR A did not bind to or cross link ANP . ^^^ Our results suggest that the degree of N linked glycosylation of the NPR A extracellular domain influences the ability to bind ANP . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The human natriuretic peptide receptor A ( NPR A ) guanylyl cyclase is specifically activated to synthesize cGMP by binding of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) to the receptor ' s extracellular domain . ^^^ On intact human embryonic kidney 293 cells , in the absence of ANP , recombinant human NPR A is self aggregated through disulfide bonds in an M ( r ) > 500 , 000 , possibly tetrameric , complex . ^^^ In the presence of the homobifunctional cross linker dithiobis ( succinimidyl propionate ) , or disuccimidyl suberate , truncated NPR A could be cross linked as a dimer and trimer only in the presence of ANP . ^^^ Wild type NPR A was cross linked with disuccinimidyl suberate to an M ( r ) > 500 , 000 species in the absence of ANP , and with ANP , a smaller , M ( r ) approximately 400 , 000 receptor trimer cross linking product was observed , together with the larger , possibly tetrameric complex . ^^^ When whole cell stimulation of cGMP production by ANP was tested on the low level of endogenous 293 cell NPR A , maximal stimulation was observed regardless of truncated NPR A overexpression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have examined the oligomerization of the atrial natriuretic peptide receptor , NPR A , using epitope tagged receptor in a co immunoprecipitation assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NPR A binds atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) with high affinity , whereas the NPR B appears to be specific for C type natriuretic peptide ( CNP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hepatic guanosine 3 ' , 5 ' cyclic monophosphate production was most powerfully stimulated by ANP ( 1 28 ) , as expected for NPR A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
With the natriuretic peptide analogs we tested , human NPR A is less sensitive than rat or mouse NPR A to changes in the 17 amino acid , disulfide bonded ring of ANP and to the species differences in brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) but is more sensitive to deletions in the carboxyl tail of ANP . ^^^ The ANP determinants of agonist potency have therefore changed for different species of NPR A . ^^^ Our results suggest that the coevolution of NPR A and BNP has thus been constrained within the context of the conserved ANP sequence . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A homologous ligand receptor system consists of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) and NPR A / guanylyl cyclase A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Similar stimulation by the two agonists was noted in spontaneously hypertensive rat ( SHR ) cells , paralleled by a 10 fold increase in NPR A mRNA levels and ANP stimulation of cyclic GMP in hypertensive cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These ANP variants were differentially selected by binding to immobilized natriuretic peptide receptor A ( NPR A ) over competing receptor C ( NPR C ) in solution . ^^^ Several of the identified mutations were combined to produce an efficiently expressed ANP analog that was as potent as wild type ANP in stimulating NPR A guanylyl cyclase activity but resistant to inactivation mediated by NPR C . ^^^ Such NPR A selective analogs should be useful for correlating the various activities of ANP to the relevant receptor and may also be more potent therapeutics in the targeting of NPR A . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two dimensional NMR spectroscopy has been used to characterize the solution conformation of an atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) variant which is selective for the human natriuretic peptide receptor A ( NPR A ) relative to receptor C ( NPR C ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We describe a unique transient binding phenomenon for atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) binding to the natriuretic peptide receptor A ( NPR A ) guanylyl cyclase stably expressed in 293 cells . ^^^ Reduced binding was a consequence of an ANP induced low affinity state of NPR A , and required the receptors ' kinase homology domain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The natriuretic peptide receptor type A ( NPR A ) is a receptor guanylyl cyclase whose cytoplasmic enzymatic activity is stimulated by atrial natriuretic peptide binding to the extracellular domain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The natriuretic peptide system comprises at least three endogenous ligands , namely , atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) , brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) and C type natriuretic peptide ( CNP ) , and three receptors for natriuretic peptides ( NPR ) , that is , NPR A , NPR B and clearance receptor ( NPR C ) . ^^^ While NPR A shows the high affinity to ANP and BNP , NPR B is the selective receptor for CNP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two distinct NPR subtypes have been described in brain : the NPR A selectively binds ANP , whereas NPR B exhibits high affinity for CNP . ^^^ To define further the potential domains of ANP and CNP action in brain , the present study used in situ hybridization histochemistry to map NPR A and NPR B mRNA expressing cell populations . ^^^ In contrast with NPR B , NPR A appears to be expressed largely in restricted cell populations containing high levels of ANP and in circumventricular organs . ^^^ These data implicate the NPR A in autoregulation of ANP neurons and central registration of cardiac ANP release . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No anti NPR A mAb affected binding of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) to NPR A , while the anti NPR B mAb B 136 inhibited binding of C type natriuretic peptide ( CNP ) to NPR B . ^^^ Inhibition of the ligand binding by B 136 is specific in that the mAb showed no effect on the binding of ANP to NPR A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These studies were designed to characterize the atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANF ) receptor subtypes [ guanylyl cyclase natriuretic peptide receptors ( NPR A , NPR B ) and NPR C ] in lungs of normal hamsters and to evaluate alterations in receptor kinetics in genetic cardiomyopathy ( CMO ) , a model of human congestive heart failure . ^^^ Cross linking and competitive binding receptor assays using 125I labeled human ANF showed that lung membranes exhibit NPR , mainly guanylyl cyclase NPR A and clearance NPR C receptors . ^^^ Stimulation of guanylyl cyclase by ANF and C type natriuretic peptide ( CNP ) confirmed the presence of NPR A and NPR B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) binds to natriuretic peptide receptor A ( NPR A ) , a membrane guanylyl cyclase , and to natriuretic peptide receptor C ( NPR C ) , which plays a role in peptide clearance . ^^^ Rat ANP ( rANP ) mutants that bind rat NPR A selectively over rat NPR C were isolated from randomized libraries of rANP display phage by differential panning . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) binds to natriuretic peptide receptor A ( NPR A ) , a membrane guanylyl cyclase , and to natriuretic peptide receptor C ( NPR C ) , which plays a role in peptide clearance . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A portion of the ligand binding domain for atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) was identified as an affinity cross linked proteolytic fragment of bovine adrenal natriuretic peptide receptor type A ( NPR A ) . ^^^ Affinity purified NPR A was UV cross linked to the amino terminus of 125I [ Tyr 2 ] rat ANP ( 2 27 ) . ^^^ Bovine NPR A receptor was then cross linked to the carboxy terminus of the highly efficient photoaffinity derivative 125I [ Tyr 18 , Bpa 27 ] rat ANP ( 1 27 ) . ^^^ It displays the species variability and the high surface probability expected for a portion of the binding domain of NPR A in contact with ANP . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Binding studies were performed on membranes of COS 1 cells transfected with expression plasmids for either rat natriuretic peptide receptor ( NPR ) A , rat NPR B , or bovine NPR C . 125I ANP ( 99 126 ) was used as a ligand to assess the binding characteristics of NPR A and C , and 125I Tyr ( O ) CNP was used to study NPR B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) is a cardiac hormone with potent natriuretic , diuretic and hypotensive effects mediated by ' biologically active ' receptors ( NPr A ) . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) is a cardiac hormone with potent natriuretic , diuretic and hypotensive effects mediated by ' biologically active ' receptors ( NPr A ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANP and C type natriuretic peptide ( CNP ) induced a concentration dependent increase in cGMP suggesting the presence of type A ( NPR A ) and type B ( NPR B ) receptors , respectively . ^^^ Binding of [ 125I ] ANP was not displaced by CNP or by C ANP ( 4 23 ) , a specific ligand of clearance receptors ( NPR C ) , and thus occurred mainly via NPR A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the renal glomeruli , the maximal binding capacity ( Bmax ) of the heterogeneous atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) receptor population ( NPR A and NPR C ) was significantly lower in EtOH treated SHR and WKY rats compared with water treated controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , ANP appears to act via NPR A to modulate oxidative glucose metabolism , but not through alteration of cGMP or cAMP production . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANP ( 10 ( 9 ) and 3 . 10 ( 9 ) ) , which binds to NPR A and NPR C , dilated preglomerular vessels and constricted efferent arterioles similarly to that found in previous studies . ^^^ Our results indicate that ANP dilates preglomerular vessels and constricts efferent arterioles through NPR A , both responses being antagonized by A 71915 with different potencies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The synthetic hBNP variant S19R had a 265 fold improved NPR A binding over NPR C , analogous to the atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) specificity mutation G16R . ^^^ The analogous mutations in ANP decreased NPR A binding , suggesting divergence in the mechanism of NPR A recognition . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In our previous studies , we found that the atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) binding and guanylyl cyclase activity of A type natriuretic peptide receptors ( NPR A ) were upregulated in renal papillae but downregulated in vascular tissues and glomeruli of rats with deoxycorticosterone acetate ( DOCA ) salt hypertension [ E . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects of glucocorticoids on NPR A and NPR B mRNA transcription and natriuretic peptides ANP and CNP mediated cGMP production by intact vascular smooth muscle cells ( VSMC ) were studied in rat . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study we evaluated plasma atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) and gene expression of biologically active type A natriuretic peptide receptor ( NPr A ) and clearance natriuretic peptide receptor ( NPr C ) in adipose tissue of obese hypertensive and obese normotensive patients . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Our data suggest that in obese hypertensives compared to obese normotensives , the lower NPr A : NPr C ratio might determine decreased biological activity and / or an increased clearance of natriuretic peptide in adipose tissue , suggesting that the natriuretic peptide and its receptor system may be important in obesity related hypertension where ANP levels are lower . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Natriuretic peptide receptor A ( NPR A ) is the biological receptor for atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) . ^^^ Activation of the NPR A guanylyl cyclase requires ANP binding to the extracellular domain and ATP binding to a putative site within its cytoplasmic region . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Biological responses to ANP are primarily mediated by the membrane guanylyl cyclase A / natriuretic peptide receptor A ( NPR A ) . ^^^ Analogs of ANP selective for NPR A and / or resistant to NEP may have increased activity in those tissues where NPR C and NEP are coexpressed with NPR A . ^^^ The analog of ANP termed vANP ; [ ( R3D , G9T , R11S , M12L , G16R ) ANP ] is selective for human NPR A with at least 10 , 000 fold reduction in affinity for human NPR C . ^^^ These data strongly suggest that only two classes of ANP receptor are present in these membrane preparations , NPR A and NPR C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A number of natriuretic peptides ( ANP , brain natriuretic peptide , and urodilatin ) were found to decrease ligand dependent natriuretic peptide receptor A ( NPR A ) activity in IMCD cells . ^^^ ANP reduced NPR A gene promoter activity in a transiently transfected IMCD cell population . 8 Bromo cGMP was also effective in inhibiting NPR A mRNA levels and NPR A promoter activity , suggesting that the second messenger ( i . e . , cGMP ) rather than ANP , itself , is responsible for downregulation of NPR A gene expression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results indicate that ANP binding sites in the epithelium of the tongue and hard palate are mainly clearance receptors ( NPR C ) but biological receptors ( NPR A and / or NPR B ) with GC activity are also present , and suggest that ANP may have a role in the proliferation of the oral epithelial cells , especially in the tongue and hard palate . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Whereas ANP and BNP are ligands for a guanylyl cyclase coupled receptor , the NPR A receptor , CNP is a specific ligand for the NPR B receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NPR A mediates the vasorelaxant effect of ANP in pulmonary vasculature . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Dephosphorylation of the natriuretic peptide receptor A ( NPR A ) is hypothesized to mediate its desensitization in response to atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) binding . ^^^ Recently , we identified six phosphorylation sites within the kinase homology domain of NPR A and determined that the conversion of these residues to alanine abolished the ability of the receptor to be phosphorylated or to be activated by ANP and ATP . ^^^ Consistent with the known ability of negatively charged glutamate residues to substitute functionally , in some cases , for phosphorylated residues , we found that NPR A 6E was activated 10 fold by ANP and ATP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS AND RESULTS : Right atrial appendages of 36 patients with either paroxysmal or persistent AF were compared with 36 case matched controls in sinus rhythm for mRNA expression of pro atrial natriuretic peptide ( pro ANP ) , pro brain natriuretic peptide ( pro BNP ) , and their natriuretic peptide receptor type A ( NPR A ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It has been shown that these biological effects are mediated through the natriuretic peptide family of hormones , which bind NPR A according to the rank order ANP > BNP > > CNP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have previously demonstrated that atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) binding consistent with the NPR A receptor is significantly increased in FRTL 5 cells cultured in the presence of TSH . ^^^ The vast majority of ANF binding sites in FRTL 5 cells , therefore , are not coupled to cGMP production and may represent a novel or altered form of NPR that is regulated by TSH independently of NPR A and NPR B . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to NPR A , which is bound by atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) , brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) , and urodilatin ( URO ) , a novel form of NPR B that might be bound by C type natriuretic peptide ( CNP ) was identified using PCR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The atrial natriuretic peptide receptor ( NPR A ) Is expressed in smooth muscle cells of the vasculature , where it is thought to signal the vasodilatory properties of the peptide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By RT PCR and DNA sequencing , we demonstrated that the CE and NPE cells express mRNA for ( 1 ) ANP ; ( 2 ) BNP ; ( 3 ) NPR A , NPR B , and NPR C receptors ; and ( 4 ) the neutral endopeptidase 24 . 11 . ^^^ NPR A and NPR B receptors elicited a cGMP response to ANP , BNP , and CNP , in a rank order of potency ( CNP > > ANP > / = BNP ) , indicative that the NPR B receptor is predominant in NPE cells . ^^^ A 71915 , an inhibitor of NPR A activity , attenuated ( 65 75 % ) cGMP response to ANP and BNP , but not to CNP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) and C type natriuretic peptide ( CNP ) , ligands for NPR A and B , respectively , inhibited the proliferation of RPE cells , as analyzed by incorporation of [ 3H ] thymidine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating polypeptide ( PACAP 27 ) , forskoline and carbachol increased type A atrial natriuretic peptide receptor ( NPR A ) density , as well as NPR A mRNA level , in the human neuroblastoma NB OK 1 cell line . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , the guanylate cyclase coupled natriuretic receptors , NPR A and NPR B , probably mediate this ANP effect . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the other hand , binding of 125I ANF increased with age , and the higher binding at 4 days was mainly due to increased density of the clearance receptor C ( NPR C ) , and at 22 days due to increased natriuretic peptide receptor A ( NPR A ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Unresponsiveness of aldosterone secreting adenomas ( aldosteronomas ) to ANP in vitro and in vivo , might be due to reduced expression of the biologically active natriuretic peptide receptor type A ( NPr A ) and / or increased expression of the clearance receptor for natriuretic peptides ( NPr C ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANP and BNP bind to the natriuretic peptide A receptor ( NPR A ) , which , via 3 ' , 5 ' cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) , mediates natriuresis , vasodilation , renin inhibition , antimitogenesis , and lusitropic properties . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The binding of atrial natriuretic peptide and C type natriuretic peptide to the guanylyl cyclase linked natriuretic peptide receptors A and B ( NPR A and NPR B ) , respectively , results in decreases in extracellular volume , vascular tension and cell proliferation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of ANP and CNP as well as their cognate guanylyl cyclase receptors ( NPR A and NPR B , respectively ) have been detected in the rat ovary . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The binding of atrial natriuretic peptide and C type natriuretic peptide ( CNP ) to the guanylyl cyclase linked natriuretic peptide receptors A and B ( NPR A and B ) , respectively , stimulates increases in intracellular cGMP concentrations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANP and BNP bind to the natriuretic peptide A receptor ( NPR A ) , which , via 3 ' , 5 ' cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) , mediates natriuresis , vasodilatation , renin inhibition , antimitogenesis , and lusitropic properties . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The recent development of genetic mouse models presenting life long alterations in expression of the genes for atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) or its receptors ( NPR A , NPR C ) has uncovered a physiological role of this hormone in chronic blood pressure homeostasis . ^^^ Transgenic mice overexpressing a transthyretin ANP fusion gene are hypotensive relative to the nontransgenic littermates , whereas mice harboring functional disruptions of the ANP or NPR A genes are hypertensive compared with their respective wild type counterparts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NPR A , the receptor for the atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) , is a 130 kDa protein presenting an extracellular ANP binding domain , a single transmembrane domain , an intracellular regulatory kinase homology domain ( KHD ) , and a guanylyl cyclase catalytic domain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This clearly indicates that the bullfrog receptor is a counterpart of mammalian NPR A , and is specific for ANP or BNP but not for CNP . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The atrial natriuretic peptide receptor ( NPR A / GC A ) is dephosphorylated by distinct microcystin sensitive and magnesium dependent protein phosphatases . ^^^ Finally , we observed that the desensitization of NPR A in membranes from mouse kidneys and NIH3T3 cells was increased by prior exposure to atrial natriuretic peptide , suggesting that hormone binding enhances receptor dephosphorylation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Allotopic antagonism of the non peptide atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) antagonist HS 142 1 on natriuretic peptide receptor NPR A . ^^^ HS 142 1 also enhanced dissociation of NPR A bound ( 125 ) 1 ANP in the presence of excess unlabelled ANP , implying an allotopic ( allosteric ) mode of action for the antagonist . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) has been suggested to possess immunomodulatory potential because of its property to alter macrophage functions via its guanylate cylcase coupled A receptor ( NPR A ) , such as inhibiting the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase or TNF alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This difference apparently originates from the difference in their specific receptors , ANP for NPR A and CNP for NPR B . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results show that the effects of NPs on plasma Na+ concentration , drinking rate and hematocrit are mediated by NPR A , since only ANP and VNP that bind with higher affinity to NPR A are effective in seawater eels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The natriuretic peptides signal through three receptor subtypes , of which two ( NPR A and NPR B ) are membrane bound guanylyl cyclases for which the principal ligands are respectively atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) and C type natriuretic peptide ( CNP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANP significantly increased phagocytotic activity of KCs via NPR A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mRNA expression of the various isoforms of atrial , brain , and C type natriuretic peptide ( ANP , BNP , CNP ) and different subtypes of natriuretic peptide receptor A , B , and C ( NPR A , NPR B , NPR C ) was determined in the kidney and the thoracic aorta by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Initially , ANP , NPR A and NPR C cDNAs ( partial for receptors ) were cloned and sequenced , and were shown to have high homology with those of rat and mouse . ^^^ Using a semi quantitative multiplex PCR technique , the expression of cardiac ANP mRNA and renal ANP , NPR A , and NPR C mRNA was determined in 7 and 14 day water deprived hopping mice , in parallel with control mice ( access to water ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Renal ANP binding sites of NPR A showed a lower maximal binding capacity and higher affinity in SHR than in WKY at all intrarenal sites . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANP and BNP bind to the natriuretic peptide receptor ( NPR A ) which , via 3 ' 5 ' cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) , mediates natriuresis , vasodialation , renin inhibition , and antimitogenic properties . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) as well as its receptor , NPR A , have been identified in gastric antral mucosa , suggesting that ANP may act in a paracrine fashion to regulate gastric secretion . ^^^ The somatostatin response to ANP was unaffected by the axonal blocker tetrodotoxin but abolished by addition of the selective NPR A antagonist , anantin . ^^^ Anantin alone inhibited somatostatin secretion by 18+ / 3 % ( P < 0 . 005 ) , implying that endogenous ANP , acting via the NPR A receptor , stimulates somatostatin secretion . ^^^ We conclude that antral ANP and somatostatin secretion are linked by paracrine feedback pathways : endogenous ANP , acting via the NPR A receptor , stimulates somatostatin secretion , and endogenous somatostatin , acting via the sst 2 receptor , inhibits ANP secretion . . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) as well as its receptor , NPR A , have been identified in gastric antral mucosa , suggesting that ANP may act in a paracrine fashion to regulate gastric secretion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This effect was greater in the presence of atrial natriuretic peptide in the perfusate in NPR A+ / + mice but not NPR A / animals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results indicate that the A type receptor ( NPR A , which is more selective for ANP and BNP ) rather than the B type receptor ( NPR B , which is more selective for CNP ) predominates in the guinea pig aorta as the natriuretic peptide receptor which mediates this vascular smooth muscle relaxation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , this is the first evidence showing that ANP and VNP exert different effects in fish despite they share the same receptor , NPR A . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) is present in gastric mucosa and preferentially binds to two subtypes of natriuretic peptide receptors ( NPR ) , NPR A and NPR C . ^^^ The NPR A receptor antagonist anantin 1 ) inhibited basal somatostatin secretion and 2 ) abolished the somatostatin , gastrin , and histamine responses to ANP . ^^^ We conclude that endogenous ANP , acting via the NPR A receptor , stimulates somatostatin secretion from both antrum and fundus of rat and human stomach . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) is present in gastric mucosa and preferentially binds to two subtypes of natriuretic peptide receptors ( NPR ) , NPR A and NPR C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human macrophages isolated by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and THP 1 monocytes , which were shown to express all three natriuretic peptide receptors ( NPR A , NPR B , and NPR C ) , were treated with physiological concentrations of ANP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , synthetic CNP 4 most potently activated OlGC 1 , a medaka CNP specific receptor ( NPR B ) expressed in cultured cells , whereas CNP 1 and CNP 3 most activated OlGC 7 and OlGC 2 , two medaka homologues of the ANP / BNP receptor ( NPR A ) , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of C type natriuretic peptide ( CNP ) on pH ( 1 ) , cGMP / cAMP and expression of atrial natriuretic peptide receptor ( NPR A ) , brain natriuretic peptide receptor ( NPR B ) and C type natriuretic peptide receptor ( NPR C ) , in HTM cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , using affinity cross linking studies we have observed that water deprivation increases the expression of the 67 kDa NPR C like protein , and HS 142 , which binds to NPR A and the 77 kDa NPR C like but not the 67 kDa protein , reduced ligand internalization without affecting cAMP inhibition by ANP ( 1 28 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Quantitative partition analysis indicated that ( 125 ) 1 atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) was rapidly released into the medium after 293T cells stably expressing NPR A were warmed from 4 degrees to 37 degrees C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of the adipocyte plasma membrane type A guanylyl cyclase receptor ( NPR A ) , increase in intracellular guanosine 3 ' , 5 ' cyclic monophosphate ( cyclic GMP ) levels and activation of hormone sensitive lipase mediate the action of ANP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Isatin itself antagonised not only natriuretic peptide receptor type A ( NPR A ) ( ANP stimulation of guanylyl cyclase ) but also NPR C ( ANP and CNP mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase ) signalling . ^^^ Competitive interactions between isatin and natriuretic peptides and their receptors give a possible explanation of the known anxiogenic effect of low doses of isatin , interacting at NPR A , and the sedative effects of higher doses , antagonising respectively the anxiolytic effect of ANP and the anxiogenic effect of CNP . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Further , the ANP clearance receptor NPR C , but not the biological active NPR A and NPR B receptors , is downregulated in hypoxia adapted lung . ^^^ The reductions in NPR C in the hypoxic lung retard the clearance of ANP and allow more ANP to bind to biological active NPR A and NPR B in the pulmonary circulation , relaxing preconstricted pulmonary vessels , reducing pulmonary arterial pressure , and attenuating the development of hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Natriuretic peptide receptor A ( NPR A ) is an essential cardiovascular regulator that is stimulated by atrial natriuretic peptide and B type natriuretic peptide , whereas natriuretic peptide receptor B ( NPR B ) stimulates long bone growth in a C type natriuretic peptide dependent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic peptide , which signals through the type A natriuretic peptide receptor ( NPR A ) to increase cyclic GMP levels in these cells , also reduced NPR B mRNA levels and inhibited NPR B promoter activity ; however , this inhibition was not additive with that produced by CNP , implying that the two ligands traffic over a common signal transduction pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We demonstrate that this receptor ( NPR A DeltaGC ) can be directly labeled by 8 azido 3 ' biotinyl ATP and that labeling is highly increased following ANP treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Aortic banding increased left ventricular expression of NPR A and NPR C mRNA by 110 % ( P < 0 . 001 ) and 520 % ( P < 0 . 01 ) , respectively , after 8 wk ; as expected , it also increased the expression of ANP and BNP mRNAs . ^^^ Although increased gene expression does not necessarily convey a higher concentration of the protein , the data suggest that pressure overload is accompanied by upregulation of not only ANP and BNP but also their receptors NPR A and NPR C in the left ventricle . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Corroborating these in vitro results , mice lacking natriuretic receptor A ( NPR A ) , the receptor for ANP and BNP , develop cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis independent of their blood pressure . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Water deprivation for 3 , 7 , 14 days had a variable effect on the mRNA expression of ANP , CNP , NPR A , NPR B , and NPR C , and a uniform down regulation was not observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : The ob / ob mice with type 2 diabetes displayed highly significant increases of the cardiac mRNA expression of NPR B and NPR C while the expression levels of NPR A , ANP , BNP , and CNP mRNA were similar in ob / ob mice and controls . ^^^ The ANP and NPR C mRNA expressions were only altered after 3 weeks , whereas BNP , CNP and NPR A mRNA expressions were not altered in STZ treated mouse hearts at any of the time points . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of the adipocyte plasma membrane type A guanylyl cyclase receptor ( NPR A ) , increase in intracellular guanosine 3 ' , 5 ' cyclic monophosphate ( cyclic GMP ) levels and activation of hormone sensitive lipase mediate the action of ANP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) regulates blood pressure mainly through the occupation of the guanylyl cyclase coupled receptor NPR A , which requires ATP interaction for maximal activation . ^^^ In the presence of ATP , NPR A showed higher affinity for ANP ( 1 28 ) and lower Bmax . ^^^ Ca ( 2+ ) did not modify NPR A ANP ( 1 28 ) binding properties . ^^^ Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) regulates blood pressure mainly through the occupation of the guanylyl cyclase coupled receptor NPR A , which requires ATP interaction for maximal activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects of seven competitive atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) receptor antagonists were compared on cultured human neuroblastoma NB OK 1 cells expressing exclusively ANPA receptors , by evaluating their capacity to inhibit [ 125I ] ANP binding and to suppress ANP stimulated cyclic GMP elevation . ^^^ Discovery of a potent atrial natriuretic peptide antagonist for ANPA receptors in the human neuroblastoma NB OK 1 cell line . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Endothelial cells from brain microvessels express CNP specific ANPB receptors ; aortic endothelial cells express ANP ( and BNP ) specific ANPA receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the neuroepithelium of the embryonic rat , binding was displaced with a potency of rat ANP ( 1 28 ) ( rANP ) > porcine type C natriuretic peptide ( pCNP 22 ) = rat ANP fragment C ANP ( 4 23 ) ( rC ANP ( 4 23 ) ) = rat brain natriuretic peptide ( rBNP 32 ) , different from that of any of the well characterized ( ANPA , ANPB , and ANPC ) natriuretic peptide receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANPA and ANPC receptor subtypes were assayed by displacement of 125I ANP ( 99 126 ) bound to glomerular or papillary membranes by increasing concentrations of unlabeled ANP ( 99 126 ) or des ( 18 22 ) ANP ( 4 23 ) , an analogue which binds only to ANPC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The occupancy of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) receptors of the ANPA type in human neuroblastoma NB OK 1 cells elevates cGMP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the role of NPRA in testicular steroidogenesis , we analyzed atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) dependent guanylyl cyclase activation , accumulation of intracellular cGMP , and testosterone production in purified primary Leydig cells from animals with zero , two , or four copies of the Npr 1 gene . ^^^ Leydig cells lacking the Npr 1 gene did not show ANP stimulated guanylyl cyclase activation or cGMP accumulation and had no ANP dependent testosterone production . ^^^ ANP dependent guanylyl cyclase activation and production of cGMP in Leydig cells increased progressively with the number of Npr 1 gene copies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Within this region there are a large number of transcribed genes including NPR 1 that encodes the atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) and brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) are cardiac hormones that regulate blood pressure and volume , and exert their biological actions via the natriuretic peptide receptor A gene ( Npr 1 ) . ^^^ This study examined the relationships between ANP and BNP gene expression , immunoreactivity and fibrosis in cardiac tissue , circulating ANP levels , and ANP and BNP mRNA during embryogenesis in Npr 1 ( / ) mice . ^^^ Disruption of the Npr 1 signaling pathway resulted in augmented ANP and BNP gene and ANP protein expression in the cardiac ventricles , most pronounced for ANP mRNA in females [ 414 + / 57 in Npr 1 ( / ) ng / mg and 124 + / 25 ng / mg in wild type ( WT ) by Taqman assay , P < 0 . 001 ] . ^^^ In contrast , plasma ANP was significantly greater than WT in male but not female Npr 1 ( / ) mice . ^^^ Increased ANP and BNP gene expression was observed in Npr 1 ( / ) embryos from 16 days of gestation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The activity of the atrial natriuretic peptide receptor ( Npr 1 ) is altered in spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHR ) in relation to its mRNA levels , suggesting abnormal transcriptional control in hypertension . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Surviving adult Npr 1 ( / ) mice have elevated blood pressure and marked cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis , indicating that the ANP / BNP system is an important regulator of myocyte growth during development . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previous studies have shown that atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) can inhibit transcription of its receptor , guanylyl cyclase A , by a mechanism dependent on cGMP and have suggested the presence of a putative cGMP response element ( cGMP RE ) in the Npr 1 gene promoter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To explore the possibility that CR lowers BP through an ANP receptor dependent mechanism that is independent of its effect on sodium retention , we measured the cardiovascular parameters of mice deficient in the ANP receptor ( NPR 1 ( / ) ) or the ANP clearance receptor ( NPR 3 ( / ) ) . ^^^ Furthermore , circulating ANP levels and data from NPR 1 ( / ) and NPR 3 ( / ) mice suggest that the ANP pathway may not be involved in the cardiovascular response to CR . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Stimulation of thymocytes with Con A ( 1 microgram / ml , 48 h ) resulted in an increase of mRNA coding for Npra , the receptor specific for atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) and brain natriuretic peptide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This protein was further identified by immunodetection with a specific antibody directed to the human ANP specific receptor NPRA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The inhibitory effect of ANP was more effective if cells were transfected with both PKC alpha and guanylyl cyclase A / atrial natriuretic peptide receptor ( Npra ) cDNAs . ^^^ The pretreatment of cells with Npra antagonist A 71915 , significantly blocked the production of cGMP as well as the inhibitory effect of ANP on PKC activity . ^^^ The results from these studies provide strong evidence that ANP antagonizes the activation of PKC in RTASM cells , involving guanylyl cyclase A receptor Npra and second messenger cGMP . ^^^ Our data further support the notion that ANP acts as a negative mediator of signaling cross talks between Npra and PKC in a cGMP dependent manner , probably involving cGMP dependent protein kinase in this process . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have examined the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) and its guanylyl cyclase / natriuretic peptide receptor A ( NPRA ) on mitogen activated protein kinase / extracellular signal regulated kinase 2 ( MAPK / ERK2 ) activity in rat mesangial cells overexpressing NPRA . ^^^ ANP inhibited agonist stimulated activity of MAPK / ERK2 by 65 75 % in cells overexpressing NPRA , whereas in vector transfected cells , its inhibitory effect was only 18 20 % . ^^^ NPRA antagonist A 71915 and KT 5823 , a specific inhibitor of cGMP dependent protein kinase ( PKG ) completely reversed the inhibitory effect of ANP on MAPK / ERK2 activity . ^^^ ANP also inhibited the PDGF stimulated [ ( 3 ) H ] thymidine uptake by almost 70 % in cells overexpressing NPRA , as compared with only 20 25 % inhibition in vector transfected cells . ^^^ These results demonstrate that ANP / NPRA system negatively regulates MAPK / ERK2 activity and proliferation of mesangial cells in a PKG dependent manner . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ANF antagonist A 71915 ( 8 . 3 and 83 pmol min 1 ) , which blocks ANF stimulated cGMP production via natriuretic peptide receptor A ( NPRA ) , inhibited the ANF induced changes in splenic microvascular pressure and post capillary resistance . ^^^ The constrictive activity of ANF on the splenic vasculature is mediated through NPRA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The binding of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) to NPRA occurs at the plasma membrane ; the receptor is synthesized on the polyribosomes of the endoplasmic reticulum , and is presumably degraded within the lysosomes . ^^^ This review describes the experiments addressing the interaction of ANP with the NPRA , the receptor mediated internalization and stoichiometric distribution of ANP NPRA complexes from cell surface to cell interior , and its release into culture media . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Given the expression pattern of natriuretic peptides ( NPs ) and their receptors , natriuretic peptide receptor A ( NPRA ) , natriuretic peptide receptor B ( NPRB ) and natriuretic peptide receptor C ( NPRC ) in the human retina has not yet been established , the present study was designed to determine ANP , BNP and CNP gene expression and localize the mature peptides in this tissue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the contributory role of the genes encoding atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) and type A natriuretic peptide receptor ( NPRA ) in humans ' susceptibility to develop ischemic stroke . ^^^ METHODS : Allele and genotype frequencies of ANP and NPRA were characterized in an Italian case control study with patients affected by vascular disease or risk factors . ^^^ However , a significant epistatic interaction between the ANP / CC2238 genotype and an allelic variant of NPRA led to a 5 . 5 fold increased risk of stroke ( 95 % confidence interval , 1 . 5 to 19 . 4 ) . ^^^ A significant interaction between ANP and NPRA on stroke occurrence was found . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Second , the role of endogenous ANP was investigated by infusing the natriuretic peptide receptor type A ( NPRA ) selective receptor antagonist A 71915 . ^^^ In conclusion , ANP , and to a lesser extent BNP , modify large artery distensibility via the NPRA receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
After atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) binding to NPRA , ligand receptor complexes are internalized , processed intracellularly , and sequestered into subcellular compartments , which provided an approach to examining directly the dynamics of metabolic turnover of NPRA in intact cells . ^^^ The translocation of ligand receptor complexes from cell surface to intracellular compartments seems to be linked to ANP dependent down regulation of NPRA . ^^^ It is implied that internalization and processing of bound ANP NPRA complexes may play an important role in mediating the biological action of hormone and the receptor protein . ^^^ It is envisioned that the endocytotic pathway of ligand receptor complexes of ANP NPRA would lead to termination and / or diminished responsiveness of ANP in target cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
J . , McNicoll , N . , Gagnon , J . , Bouchard , N . , Ong , H . , and De Lan , A . ( 1995 ) Biochemistry 34 , 2130 2136 ) that atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) stabilizes a dimeric form of the natriuretic peptide receptor A ( NPRA ) by simultaneously interacting with both receptor subunits . ^^^ However , the first crystallographic study of unliganded NPRA extracellular domain documented a 5 shaped dimer involving a membrane proximal dimer interface and separate binding sites for ANP on each monomer . ^^^ However , ANP could neither bind to nor activate NPRA ( W74C ) . ^^^ Permanent disulfide opening by reduction with dithiothreitol and alkylation with N ethylmaleimide rescued ANP binding to NPRA ( W74C ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ANP and BNP bind primarily to NPRA , which is found in the vasculature , causing vasodilation and inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , systolic blood pressure , myocardial cGMP , log plasma ANP levels , and ventricular structure and function were similar in wild type ( WT NPRA ) and DN NPRA mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One and 3 months after the onset of diabetes , the expression of ANP mRNA and that of its receptors ( NPRA , NPRB , NPRC ) and the immunoreactive ANP was quantified in retinal tissue by quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) and radioimmunoassay , respectively . ^^^ However , 3 months after the onset of diabetes , significantly diminished ANP and NPRC mRNA levels were detected in the retina of diabetic rats compared to controls , while NPRA , NPRB mRNA levels remained unchanged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One of the principal loci involved in the regulatory action of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides ( ANP and BNP ) is guanylyl cyclase / natriuretic peptide receptor A ( GC A / NPRA ) , whose ligand binding efficiency and GC catalytic activity vary remarkably in different target cells and tissues . ^^^ The experimental evidence provides a consensus forum , which establishes the endocytosis , cellular trafficking , sequestration , and metabolic processing of ANP / NPRA complexes in the intact cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Natriuretic peptide receptor A ( NPRA ) is the biological receptor of the peptide hormones atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) and brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the mRNA expression of proANP was found to be increased only in the ANP + / kidney along with its guanylyl cyclase linked receptor , NPRA ; the upregulation of NPRA mRNA was limited to the renal medulla . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , morphological analysis showed that ANP ameliorated NMDA induced neurotoxicity through NPRA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVES : The goal of our study was to investigate the relationships between atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) , brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) , and type A natriuretic peptide receptor ( NPRA ) gene polymorphisms and left ventricular structure in human essential hypertension . ^^^ Three markers of the ANP gene ( C664G , G1837A , and T2238C polymorphisms ) and a microsatellite marker of both NPRA and BNP genes were characterized . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Our findings show that the ANP / NPRA system significantly contributes to ventricular remodeling in human essential hypertension . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MMCs treated with 10nM Ang 2 exhibited 55 % reduction in NPRA mRNA levels , and subsequent stimulation with 100 nM ANP resulted in 50 % reduction in guanylyl cyclase ( GC ) activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P16066 and P01160	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA