| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.68950677 |
| These results indicate that the level of p 75 is integral in determining the level of sympathetic NGF and that NGF competes with NT 3 by increasing the expression of p 75 and decreasing the expression of trkC . . 0.68950677^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have investigated the effects of these hilar lesions on the levels of the mRNAs encoding for 3 neurotrophic factors ( NTF ) : nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ' In situ ' hybridization histochemistry with synthetic oligonucleotides was used to analyze their mRNA distribution and levels . ^^^ Taken together , these results clearly show a different regulation of neurotrophic factors genes ( NGF , BDNF and NT 3 ) expression in the different hippocampal fields , as a consequence of seizure producing hilar lesions . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) are members of a family of structurally related proteins termed neurotrophins that promote the growth and survival of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems . ^^^ The other is one of a family of tyrosine kinase receptors trkA binds only NGF , the related trkB receptor binds BDNF and NT 3 , and trkC binds NT 3 alone . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The gene family of neurotrophins includes nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) . ^^^ Cladistic analysis of likely phylogenies within the neurotrophins shows BDNF and NT 4 to be most closely related whereas NGF may be the sister group to NT 3 , BDNF , and NT 4 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The recent cloning of new members of the NGF family , namely brain derived neurotrophic factor neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , NT 4 and NT 5 , has greatly expanded our knowledge of the structural properties and neurotrophic activities of these proteins . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have found that seizures increase the expression of mRNAs for NGF and brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) but cause a delayed decrease in levels of mRNA for neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) in the granule cells of the dentate gyrus . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Thyroid hormone regulation of NGF , NT 3 and BDNF RNA in the adult rat brain . ^^^ The effects of peripherally administered thyroid hormone ( TH ; 500 micrograms / kg ; i . p . ; q . d . ) on the relative abundances of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) RNA were determined by rtPCR in the cortex and hippocampus of young adult rats . ^^^ Abundance levels of NGF and NT 3 , relative to cyclophilin ( cycl ) , were increased significantly ( +50 % , P < 0 . 05 ) in the hippocampus following TH treatment . ^^^ Despite enhanced abundance of NGF in the hippocampus , ChAT activity was unchanged , whereas ChAT activity was modestly increased by 28 % in the cortex without corresponding changes in NGF , NT 3 or BDNF . ^^^ These results demonstrate that TH administration is capable of inducing the accumulation of NT 3 , in addition to NGF but that the induction levels of RNA can not be directly correlated with responsivity of the cholinergic system as measured by ChAT activity . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophins BDNF , NT 3 , and NGF display distinct patterns of retrograde axonal transport in peripheral and central neurons . ^^^ We have determined that the NGF related neurotrophins , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , are also retrogradely transported by distinct populations of peripheral and central nervous system neurons in the adult . ^^^ The patterns of transport also indicate the existence of neuronal populations that selectively transport NT 3 and / or BDNF , but not NGF , such as spinal cord motor neurons , neurons in the entorhinal cortex , thalamus , and neurons within the hippocampus itself . ^^^ Retrograde transport may thus be predictive of neuronal types selectively responsive to either BDNF or NT 3 in the adult , as first demonstrated for NGF . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have examined the effects of the neurotrophins NT 3 , BDNF , and NGF in cultures of developing rat hippocampal cells by two criteria : rapid induction of c fos and neurotrophic responses . ^^^ The selective induction of c fos mRNA suggests the presence of functional receptors for NT 3 and BDNF , but not NGF , in embryonic hippocampal cultures . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In situ hybridization was used to study the site and timing of the expression of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and neurotrophin 5 ( NT 5 ) mRNAs in the developing inner ear of the rat . ^^^ In bioassays , BDNF and NT 3 , but not NGF , at physiological concentrations induced neurite outgrowth from the statoacoustic ganglion explants . ^^^ These results demonstrate that NT 3 and BDNF , rather than NGF and NT 5 , are the primary neurotrophins present in the target fields of the cochlear and vestibular neurons . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Like the structurally related proteins nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , NT 3 also binds to the low affinity NGF receptor , a molecule that we suggest to designate low affinity neurotrophin receptor ( LANR ) . ^^^ NT 3 dissociates from the LANR much more rapidly than BDNF , and more slowly than NGF . ^^^ In contrast , the binding of NT 3 to its high affinity neuronal receptors can only be prevented by BDNF or NGF when used at concentrations several thousand fold higher than those corresponding to their Kd to their high affinity neuronal receptors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have determined the specificity of our antiserum in relation to other members of the NGF neurotrophin family and found no cross reactivity with brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) or neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ^^^ These NGF independent DRG neurons likely require one of the more recently identified neurotrophins , BDNF or NT 3 . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Our findings indicate involvement of trk receptor activation in the NGF response of basal forebrain cholinergic cells and provide evidence for widespread presence of BDNF and NT 3 responsive neurons in the embryonic brain . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present study analyzed the effects of NGF , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) on PI breakdown in primary cultures of embryonic rat brain cells . ^^^ BDNF and NT 3 , but not NGF , elevated the levels of labeled inositol phosphates within 10 15 min after addition to the cultures in a dose dependent manner . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Given that known effects of NGF ( and presumably of BDNF and NT 3 ) include elevation of neurotransmitter levels , elevation of sodium channels , and promotion of axonal terminal sprouting , activity associated changes in neurotrophin levels may play a role in regulating neural connections in the adult as well as the developing nervous system . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) are members of a family of trophic factors designated the neurotrophins , each of which can bind to the low affinity NGF receptor ( LNGFR ) . ^^^ NGF , BDNF , NT 3 and LNGFR were each expressed in septal and hippocampal reaggregates as well as the native septum and hippocampus . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The recent cloning of new members of the nerve growth factor ( NGF ) family , namely brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , as well as the ciliary neurotrophic factor ( CNTF ) has greatly expanded our knowledge of the structural properties and neurotrophic activities of these proteins . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) is a neurotrophic factor that has recently been cloned on the basis of its structural similarity to other members of the nerve growth factor ( NGF ) gene family . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Analysis of the trkB gene product , gp145trkB , in NIH 3T3 cells indicates that this tyrosine kinase receptor is rapidly phosphorylated on tyrosine residues upon exposure to the NGF related neurotrophic factors BDNF and NT 3 . ^^^ Furthermore , gp145trkB specifically binds BDNF and NT 3 in NIH 3T3 cells and in hippocampal cells , but does not bind NGF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These mitogenic effects are absolutely dependent on expression of gp140trk receptors , but do not require the presence of the previously described low affinity NGF receptor . gp140trk also serves as a receptor for the related factor neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , but not for brain derived neurotrophic factor . ^^^ Both NGF and NT 3 induce the rapid phosphorylation of gp140trk receptors and the transient expression of c Fos proteins . ^^^ However , NT 3 appears to elicit more limited mitogenic responses than NGF . ^^^ These results indicate that the product of the trk proto oncogene is sufficient to mediate signal transduction processes induced by NGF and NT 3 , at least in proliferating cells . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The trkB tyrosine protein kinase is a receptor for brain derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 3 . trkB is a tyrosine protein kinase gene highly related to trk , a proto oncogene that encodes a receptor for nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . trkB expression is confined to structures of the central and peripheral nervous systems , suggesting it also encodes a receptor for neurotrophic factors . ^^^ Here we show that brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and NT 3 , but not NGF , can induce rapid phosphorylation on tyrosine of gp145trkB , one of the receptors encoded by trkB . ^^^ Finally , 125I NT 3 binds to NIH 3T3 cells expressing gp145trkB ; binding can be competed by NT 3 and BDNF but not by NGF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TrkB mediates BDNF / NT 3 dependent survival and proliferation in fibroblasts lacking the low affinity NGF receptor . ^^^ The neurotrophins ( nerve growth factor [ NGF ] , brain derived neurotrophic factor [ BDNF ] , neurotrophin 3 [ NT 3 ] , and neurotrophin 4 [ NT 4 ] ) have been defined by their ability to support neuronal survival . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) are structurally related proteins that allow the survival of specific populations of embryonic vertebrate neurons . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To study the expression of NGF and its homologs , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , postmortem samples of hippocampus from AD and control donors were examined by in situ hybridization . ^^^ Hybridization signal for BDNF , but not NGF or NT 3 , was decreased in samples of hippocampus from donors with AD . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The cellular localization of mRNAs for nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , in the rat central olfactory system was evaluated with in situ hybridization of 35S labeled cRNA probes . ^^^ BDNF mRNA expression in these areas appeared more robust than that of NGF mRNA , while NT 3 mRNA was not detectable . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NT 3 , BDNF , and NGF in the developing rat nervous system : parallel as well as reciprocal patterns of expression . ^^^ To obtain insight into the site and stage specificity of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) action in vivo , we compared the expression patterns of the genes for these three related neurotrophic factors as well as for the NGF receptor in developing and adult rats . ^^^ NGF expression varies during the development of discrete CNS regions , but not in any consistent manner compared with NT 3 and BDNF . ^^^ Despite the dramatic variations , NT 3 , BDNF , and NGF do share one striking similarity high level expression in the adult hippocampus . ^^^ Our observations are consistent with the idea that NT 3 , BDNF , and NGF have paralleled as well as reciprocal roles in vivo . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A variety of findings seem to functionally link brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , while distinguishing both of these factors from the third member of the neurotrophin family , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) . ^^^ Here we demonstrate that all three of these neuronal survival molecules bind similarly to the low affinity NGF receptor , but that BDNF and NT 3 , unlike NGF , do not act via the high affinity NGF receptor . ^^^ However , both BDNF and NT 3 , but not NGF , bind to full length and truncated forms of a receptor like tyrosine kinase , trkB , for which no ligand had previously been identified . ^^^ Thus trkB encodes an essential component of a functional receptor for BDNF and NT 3 , but not for NGF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The purification of brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , the elucidation of its primary structure , and the subsequent identification of neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) ended the monopoly of NGF as the only well characterized , target derived neurotrophic molecule . ^^^ NGF , BDNF and NT 3 are members of a gene family called neurotrophins . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we describe the influence of limbic seizures upon the expression of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , 2 related neurotrophic factors , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and several neuropeptides ( enkephalin , dynorphin , and neuropeptide Y ) in the rat forebrain . ^^^ Recurrent seizures are found to increase levels of mRNAs for NGF and BDNF and to decrease levels of mRNA for NT 3 within select hippocampal neurons . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A PCR cloning strategy based on homologies between NGF and BDNF has allowed us to identify and clone a third member of the NGF family which we have termed neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CNTF differs distinctly from known neurotrophic molecules such as NGF , BDNF and NT 3 in both its molecular characteristics ( CNTF is a cytosolic rather than a secretory molecule ) and its broad spectrum of biological activities . ^^^ In contrast to CNTF , the members of the neurotrophin gene family ( NGF , BDNF and NT 3 ) do not support the survival of motoneurons in culture . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These genes are highly related to the trk proto oncogene and encode tyrosine protein kinases which serve as functional receptors for the NGF related neurotrophins brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophic 3 ( NT 3 ) , respectively . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The three members of the neurotrophin family ( NGF , BDNF and NT 3 ) are synthesized as large precursor proteins which undergo proteolytic processing to yield biologically active , mature neurotrophic factors . ^^^ Both domains are partially conserved between the propeptides of NGF proteins isolated from different species as well as BDNF and NT 3 . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) are two recently cloned neurotrophic factors that are homologous to NGF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Comparison of these sequences with the homologous NGF and NT 3 coding regions provides further insight into amino acid residues that may be responsible for the different receptor specificities of these factors . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , present in minute amounts in the adult central nervous system , is a member of the nerve growth factor ( NGF ) family , which includes neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ^^^ NGF , BDNF and NT 3 all support survival of subpopulations of neural crest derived sensory neurons ; most sympathetic neurons are responsive to NGF , but not to BDNF ; NT 3 and BDNF , but not NGF , promote survival of sensory neurons of the nodose ganglion . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Evolutionary conservation of members of the NGF family in vertebrates was studied by DNA sequence analysis of PCR fragments for NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 from human , rat , chicken , viper , Xenopus , salmon , and ray . ^^^ The NT 4 gene encodes a precursor protein of 236 amino acids , which is processed into a 123 amino acid mature NT 4 protein with 50 % 60 % amino acid identity to NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) is closely related to two known neurotrophic agents , NGF and brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and acts upon overlapping , yet distinct , populations of peripheral ganglia . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) are small , basic , secretory proteins that allow the survival of specific neuronal populations . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Sequence homologies between NGF and the recently cloned brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) were used to design a strategy that has now resulted in the cloning of a gene encoding a novel neurotrophic factor , termed neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ^^^ The distribution of NT 3 messenger RNA and its biological activity on a variety of neuronal populations clearly distinguish NT 3 from NGF and BDNF , and provide compelling evidence that NT 3 is an authentic neurotrophic factor that has its own characteristic role in vivo . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This family of growth factors includes in addition to NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BDNF and NT 3 , but not NGF , rapidly increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations in these neurones ten fold to reach 1 microM . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophins BDNF , NT 3 and NT 4 / 5 , but not NGF , up regulate the cholinergic phenotype of developing motor neurons . ^^^ In this study , we found that , unlike NGF , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) stimulated cholinergic phenotype by increasing choline acetyltransferase ( CAT ) activity in cultures enriched with embryonic rat motor neurons . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These results indicate that NGF and NT 3 act on functionally distinct populations of adult sensory neurons and suggest that a sizeable number of small DRG neurons may not respond to neurotrophins via a known Trk in the adult rat . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Monoamine activated alpha 2 macroglobulin inhibits choline acetyltransferase of embryonic basal forebrain neurons and reversal of the inhibition by NGF and BDNF but not NT 3 . ^^^ As little as 0 . 35 microM monoamine activated alpha 2M can suppress the ChAT activity , whereas either nerve growth factor ( NGF ) or brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , but not neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , stimulates ChAT expression of these cells . ^^^ The addition of either NGF or BDNF to the alpha 2M suppressed cells can increase ChAT activity back to its normal levels , while NT 3 can not . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effects of NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , BDNF plus NT 3 and LIF on substance P ( SP ) mRNA levels were analysed in axotomized dorsal root ganglia ( DRGs ) in vivo by quantitative in situ hybridization . ^^^ Moreover , SP expression is regulated by several growth factors in vivo such as NGF , BDNF plus NT 3 as well as the neuroimmune factor LIF . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| During the mid embryonic period , NT 3 promoted the survival of as many trigeminal and nodose neurons as the preferred neurotrophins , NGF and BDNF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Sensory neurons of the embryonic mouse trigeminal ganglion are transiently supported by brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and NT4 / 5 during the earliest stages of target field innervation before they become dependent on nerve growth factor ( NGF ) for survival . ^^^ Trigeminal neurons cultured before they show any response to NGF survived with BDNF , NT 3 , or NT4 / 5 well beyond the switchover period . ^^^ When these early neurons were switched from BDNF , NT 3 , or NT4 / 5 to NGF after various times in culture they died as rapidly as neuro trophin deprived neurons . ^^^ Neurons that were switched from BDNF , NT 3 , or NT4 / 5 to NGF in cultures set up at stages throughout the switchover period exhibited an NGF survival response that improved with age . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and NT 4 / 5 share similar protein structures and biological functions and interact with two different types of cell surface proteins , the Trk family of receptor tyrosine kinases , and the p 75 , or low affinity neurotrophin receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The potential role of neurotrophins was tested by treating slices of developing visual cortex with NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , or NT 4 and by subsequently visualizing the dendrites of pyramidal neurons using particle mediated gene transfer . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have analyzed the effect of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , ciliary neurotrophic factor ( CNTF ) , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) and transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) on the modulation of neuroactive substances co expressed by avian chromaffin cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We determined the binding sites of human neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) to its receptors trkC and gp 75 by mutational analysis and compared them to the analogous interactions of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) with trkA and gp 75 . ^^^ A novel rapid biological screening procedure allowed the identification of NT 3 mutants that are able to signal efficiently through the non preferred receptors trkA and trkB , which are specific for NGF and BDNF respectively . ^^^ Mutation of only seven residues in NT 3 resulted in a human neurotrophin variant which bound to all receptors of the trk family with high affinity and efficiently supported the survival of NGF , BDNF and NT 3 dependent neurons . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recent studies have shown that kindling induces synthesis of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) but not neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) in the hippocampus and cortex . ^^^ Intraventricular infusion of affinity purified anti NGF IgGs ( which cross react with NT 3 but not BDNF ) resulted in both significant retardation of kindling and inhibition of the kindling induced mossy fiber sprouting . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To date , four NTFs have been characterized : nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The activity of AF 1 and AF 2 was not mimicked by several defined factors tested over a broad concentration range , for example , NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , CNTF , taurine , retinoic acid , acidic or basic fibroblast growth factors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RNA transcripts of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , ciliary neurotrophic factor ( CNTF ) , and glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) were detected from IMS 32 cells by RT PCR . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Firstly , several members of the nerve growth factor family have been identified : NGF , BDNF , NT 3 and NT 4 / 5 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We studied the development and regulation by sensory input of the neurotrophins NGF , BDNF and NT 3 in the developing rat visual system . ^^^ In the lateral geniculate nucleus ( LGN ) , NT 3 mRNA was also transiently expressed , whereas NGF and BDNF mRNA ' s did not vary significantly during development . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Levels of mRNA for c fos , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , TrkB , and TrkC were studied using in situ hybridization in the rat brain at different reperfusion times after unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAO ) . ^^^ Two hours of MCAO also induced transient , bilateral increases of NGF and TrkB mRNA levels and a decrease of NT 3 mRNA expression , confined to dentate granule cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The assay was sensitive to levels of NT 3 below 10 pg / ml and does not recognize nerve growth factor ( NGF ) or brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) . ^^^ The EIA shows that the pattern of NT 3 protein in brain tissues is distinct from that of NGF . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BDNF and NT 3 , but not NGF , elicited significant changes in several properties of spontaneous synaptic currents ( SSCs ) , indicative of more mature synapses . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mature mammalian ovary has been shown to synthesize several neurotrophins , including nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Differential distribution of exogenous BDNF , NGF , and NT 3 in the brain corresponds to the relative abundance and distribution of high affinity and low affinity neurotrophin receptors . ^^^ To evaluate effective means for delivering exogenous neurotrophins to neuron populations in the brain , we compared the distribution and transport of brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) following intracerebral delivery . ^^^ There were striking differences between BDNF , NGF , and NT 3 in their penetration through brain tissue . ^^^ After ICV injection , NGF was widely distributed in tissues around the ventricles and at the surface of the brain , whereas the penetration of BDNF into brain tissue was distinctly less than that of NGF , and the penetration of NT 3 was intermediate . ^^^ Corresponding to their differences in penetration , NGF was retrogradely transported by basal forebrain cholinergic neurons after ICV or intrastriatal delivery , whereas NT 3 was transported by a few basal forebrain neurons after ICV delivery , and BDNF was rarely detected in neurons after ICV delivery . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) bound to the LRM 3 cassette of TrkB , whereas NGF did not . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and NT 5 stimulated sphinomyelin hydrolysis with similar kinetics in p75NTR NIH 3T3 cells . ^^^ Although brain derived neurotrophic factor ( 10 ng / ml ) was slightly more potent than NGF at inducing sphingomyelin hydrolysis , NT 3 and NT 5 induced significant hydrolysis ( 30 35 % ) at 0 . 1 to 1 ng / ml in p75NTR NIH 3T3 cells . ^^^ However , in the presence of NGF , NT 3 was unable to induce sphingomyelin hydrolysis , raising the possibility that Trk was modulating p75NTR dependent sphingomyelin hydrolysis . ^^^ Inhibition of Trk tyrosine kinase activity with 200 nM K252a enabled both NGF and NT 3 in the presence of NGF to induce sphingomyelin hydrolysis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We also find that all of the Trks display similar dose responses to their `` preferred ' ' ligands in neuronal as compared with nonneuronal cells ( i . e . , NGF for TrkA , BDNF and NT 4 / 5 for TrkB , and NT 3 for TrkC ) , providing evidence against a role for accessory molecules expressed in neurons in generating receptors that would allow for responses to lower concentrations of the neurotrophins . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effects of peripherally administered RA ( 64 or 640 micrograms / kg ; i . p . ; q . d . ) on the abundance of APP , the ratio of the three major isoforms , and the relative abundance of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) were determined by rtPCR in the hippocampus of aged rats . ^^^ No significant change in either NGF , NT 3 , or BDNF transcripts were observed following low or high dosage RA administration relative to cyclophilin RNA nor was a change in ChAT activity detected at either of the dosages tested . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cultured hippocampal neurons show responses to BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 , but not NGF . ^^^ Cultures of embryonic day 18 ( E 18 ) hippocampal neurons were also found by Northern analysis to express trkB and trkC but not trkA , indicating potential responsiveness to brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and NT 4 , but not NGF . ^^^ Phosphorylation experiments indeed showed that BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 produced rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of Trk proteins , as detected by immunoprecipitation using a pan Trk specific antibody , whereas NGF produced no detectable tyrosine phosphorylation in hippocampal cultures . ^^^ While we observed no major effect of any of the neurotrophins upon the survival of E 18 hippocampal neurons , BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 , but not NGF , produced marked increases in the number of neurons expressing detectable levels of either calbindin or AChE . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This suggests that NT 3 regulates Purkinje cell survival by a mechanism distinct from the NGF response . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophins comprise a family of related molecules including nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophins ( nerve growth factor , NGF ; brain derived neurotrophic factor , BDNF ; neurotrophin 3 , NT 3 ; and neurotrophin 4 , NT 4 ) are dimeric molecules which share approximately 50 % sequence identity . ^^^ The NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 protomers share the same topology and are structurally equivalent in regions which contribute to the dimer interface in line with the propensity of the neurotrophins to form heterodimers . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition to its known effects on NGF expression , 1 , 25 dihydroxyvitamin D 3 was shown to upregulate NT 3 mRNA levels , while NT 4 expression was slightly but significantly downregulated . ^^^ These data clearly show a differential regulation of the four neurotrophins by 1 , 25 dihydroxyvitamin D 3 in primary cultures of astrocytes and suggest that 1 , 25 dihydroxyvitamin D 3 may participate in the expression of NGF , NT 3 and NT 4 in the central nervous system . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Comparative binding of neurotrophins ( NT 3 , CNTF and NGF ) and various cytokines to alpha 2 macroglobulin . ^^^ The binding of NT 3 is slightly affected by cationic proteins but is completely blocked by NGF . ^^^ We conclude that NGF and NT 3 appear to bind specifically in significant quantities to the same alpha 2M sites ; but the other cytokines by comparison bind minimally , and primarily or entirely use nonspecific molecular interactions in their binding to alpha 2M . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) and BDNF , but not neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) or NGF , promoted neurite extension and survival of differentiated cerebellar granule cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 / 5 are all members of a structurally related family of molecules that function to prevent the death of embryonic neurons during development . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Our research has focused on one possible mechanism , the developmental interactions between estrogen and the neurotrophins ( nerve growth factor [ NGF ] , brain derived neurotrophic factor [ BDNF ] and neurotrophin 3 [ NT 3 ] ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effect of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) on neurite outgrowth was related to the level of mRNA for the growth associated protein GAP 43 and the neurone specific alpha tubulin , T alpha 1 , in dissociated cultures of adult rat sensory neurones . ^^^ Treatment with NGF or NT 3 for 3 days enhanced neurite outgrowth in a dose dependent manner and by 7 fold and 5 fold , respectively , over control at the highest concentrations used . ^^^ NGF and NT 3 elevated the level of mRNA encoding GAP 43 by 2 . 3 fold and T alpha 1 alpha tubulin by 3 . 2 3 . 5 fold . ^^^ The estimated ED 50 values were 0 . 1 0 . 3 ng / ml for NGF and 2 ng / ml for NT 3 for both neurite outgrowth and mRNA up regulation . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| When COS cells were cotransfected with expression plasmids for nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , or neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , the appropriate heterodimers were detected in the conditioned medium by immunoprecipitation and , in the case of NGF . ^^^ When rat C 6 glioma cells or mouse AtT 20 neuroendocrine cells were cotransfected with expression plasmids for NGF and NT 3 , NGF . ^^^ NT 3 heterodimer was detected at levels comparable with those of homodimeric NGF and NT 3 , indicating that heterodimer formation can occur at significant levels in a variety of cell types . ^^^ These data provide evidence that NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 are capable of forming heterodimers when coexpressed in mammalian cells and suggest that such heterodimers are likely to be formed in vivo when a single cell expresses multiple neurotrophins . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The goal of this study was to compare the rescue effects of the four known neurotrophins [ nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) ] and two of the cytokines [ ciliary neurotrophic factor ( CNTF ) and leukaemia inhibitory factor ( LIF ) ] in one particular experimental model of spinal motoneuron degeneration at two different survival times . ^^^ One week after lesion , the neurotrophins BDNF , NT 3 and NT 4 , but not NGF , equally enhanced motoneuron survival compared to controls ; their effects were significantly better than those of the cytokines . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) are structurally related survival and differentiation factors for distinct sets of peripheral and central neurons . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Large diameter muscle afferents that terminate in the ventral spinal cord are NT 3 responsive , whereas small diameter afferents subserving pain and temperature are NGF responsive and terminate in the dorsal spinal cord . ^^^ Here we show that this factor repels NGF responsive axons but has little effect on NT 3 responsive axons . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophins , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) and nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , were compared for their effects on the survival and differentiation of embryonic rat striatal neurons grown in low density cultures . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cultures were maintained in vitro in the presence of brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , neurotrohin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) or no added growth factors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Increasing evidence indicates that nerve growth factor ( NGF ) exerts effects on cells of the immune system , but the possible immunomodulatory effect of other neurotrophins ( brain derived neurotrophic factor , BDNF ; neurotrophin 3 , NT 3 ; and NT 4 / 5 ) has not been studied . ^^^ Neurotrophins act on responsive cells by binding a low affinity pan neurotrophin receptor ( p 75 ) , and more specific high affinity receptors ( gp140trkA , gp145trkB and gp145trkC considered as preferred signaling transduction receptors for NGF , BDNF and NT 3 , respectively ) . ^^^ Present results suggest that NGF , NT 3 and NT 4 / 5 may act in PIC and indirectly in lymphocytes , whereas BDNF and NT 4 / 5 could control macrophages . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The highest level production of the recombinant protein was attained in Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with an expression plasmid that contains a chimera gene encoding the human nerve growth factor ( NGF ) prepro region and human NT 3 mature region under control of a murine leukemia virus derived long terminal repeat ( MuLV LTR ) . ^^^ The purified NT 3 , at a concentration as low as 0 . 2 ng / ml , induced neurite out growth in neurons prepared from 8 day old chick embryonic dorsal root ganglia ; however , it showed little neurotrophic effect on rat PC 12 pheochromocytoma cells , which are known to be NGF responding cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophins , including nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and NT 4 / 5 are important in a variety of developmental processes in the peripheral and central nervous systems . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Binding of neurotrophins to receptors encoded by the gene family trk initiates signal transduction into the cell . trkA interacts preferably with nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , trkB with brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) and trkC with neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ^^^ Chimeras of trkC where this domain was exchanged for the homologous sequences from trkB or trkA gained high affinity binding to BDNF or NGF respectively , while deletion of this domain in trkC or trkA abolished binding to NT 3 or NGF respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The preferential expression of PV in NT 3 dependent type A neurons is unique in comparison to the expression of PV and the other calcium binding proteins in DRG neurons surviving in vitro in the presence of NGF or BDNF . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Pan neurotrophin 1 ( PNT 1 ) is a synthetic trophic factor engineered by combining active domains of the neurotrophins nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) into an NT 3 backbone . ^^^ PNT 1 was shown to efficiently block the chemical crosslinking of NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 to their cognate Trk receptors and to the low affintiy NGF receptor expressed on neuronal and nonneuronal cells . ^^^ PNT 1 also promoted survival of a greater number of embryonic dorsal root ganglion neurons than any of the other neurotrophins alone , and its effects were equivalent to a combination of NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We wanted to elucidate what specific parts of NGF replaced in neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) would result in NGF like receptor binding and biological activity . ^^^ By studying evolutionarily conserved amino acid sequences not shared by NT 3 and NGF and excluding parts which have been examined in earlier work with NGF and BDNF chimeras as well as taking advantage of the crystallographic data available for NGF , we decided to exchange three specific blocks of two or three amino acids in the human NT 3 backbone for the corresponding residues in NGF . ^^^ The NGF residues Asn Ile Asn ( 43 45 ) , Val Phe ( 48 , 49 ) and Gln Ala Ala ( 96 98 ) were combined in pairs and are all shown to contribute NGF like activity in the context of NT 3 . ^^^ The most efficient NGF like transformation was obtained by the exchange of Pro Val and Leu Val Gly in NT 3 to the NGF residues Val Phe and Gln Ala Ala . ^^^ Thus , the three mutants with paired combinations of the NGF residues as well as the NT 3 housing all three blocks of NGF residues were able to mimic NGF activity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| After spinal cord hemisection in newborn rats , the exogenous administration of neurotrophic factors brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , prevents the retrograde cell death of axotomized red nucleus neurons ( and other brain stem spinal neurons ) in vivo . ^^^ Rescue of red nucleus neurons was maintained in the presence of BDNF , but only transiently maintained by NT 3 and NGF . ^^^ The application of exogenous NT 3 , but not NGF or BDNF , rescued Clarke ' s nucleus neurons . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The p 75 neurotrophin receptor serves as a receptor for all known neurotrophins , including NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 / 5 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Because NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 / 5 bind to p 75 with similar affinity , p 75 may either act as a common subunit in a neurotrophin receptor complex with trk family members , or act by independent mechanisms to mediate biological actions of each neurotrophin . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A very different pattern of expression of NTFs was found locally : ( a ) upregulation of NGF and BDNF mRNAs expression was prevented in a spherical region of 1 2 mm diameter around the injection site , ( b ) a delayed increase in NT 3 mRNA levels , beginning at 12 h and lasting for at least 4 days after the administration of QUIN , was found in the same region , in cell layers showing neurodegeneration . ^^^ Pretreatment with the non competitive NMDA antagonist MK 801 ( 2 mg / kg , 30 min before the insult ) , partially blocked the increase in both BDNF and NGF mRNAs , as well as the decrease in NT 3 , in the contralateral hippocampus . ^^^ Treatment with the AMPA / kainate antagonist NBQX ( 30 mg / kg , 15 and 5 min before , and 10 min after the insult ) did not influence the effect of QUIN upon NGF or BDNF mRNA levels , although it partially prevented the hippocampal contralateral decrease in NT 3 mRNA . ^^^ In conclusion , the present study strongly supports previous work concerning different regulation of BDNF / NGF respect to NT 3 in seizure inducing paradigms . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have also shown that NGF , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) mRNA were present at all stages examined ( stages 23 through 45 for DRG , stages 35 36 and 45 for SG ) . ^^^ In DRG , NGF mRNA expression was limited to support cells , whereas NT 3 and BDNF mRNA were detected in both neurons and support cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To obtain insight into which subpopulations of sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia are supported by different neurotrophins , we retrogradely labeled cutaneous and muscle afferents in embryonic day 9 chick embryos and followed their survival in neuron enriched cultures supplemented with either nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , or neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ^^^ We found that NGF is a wide survival factor for subpopulations of both cutaneous and muscle afferents , whereas the survival effects of BDNF and NT 3 are restricted primarily to muscle afferents . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To explore the potential use of these and other neurotrophic factors as therapeutic agents in human motoneuron diseases , we have examined the effects of the neurotrophins NGF , BDNF , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) and the cytokines CNTF and cholinergic differentiation factor / leukemia inhibitory factor ( CDF / LIF ) and combinations of these factors on fetal human spinal cord neurons grown for 7 10 days in monolayer cultures . ^^^ The level of choline acetyltransferase ( ChAT ) was determined in cultures grown in the presence of NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , NT 4 / 5 , CNTF , or CDF / LIF or with combinations of these factors . ^^^ With the exception of NGF , each of these factors alone increased ChAT activity by two to three fold above control levels ; combinations of NT 3 and CNTF were greater than either alone . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cultures of dissociated striatal neurons from fetal rats were prepared , and were grown in the presence of neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) as well as the other known neurotrophins , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have found that preincubation with 1 2 . 5 nM bFGF for 1 6 days significantly protected neurons from excitotoxic damage via NMDA receptors as well as ionotropic non NMDA receptors . bFGF neuroprotection appeared not to be dependent upon neuronal differentiation and was not mimicked by other neurotrophins including BDNF , NT 3 and NGF . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunoreactive neurons were supported in vitro primarily by brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , to a lesser extent by neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , but not by nerve growth factor ( NGF ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophins ( NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 ) provide trophic support to subpopulations of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the enzyme linked immunoassay , the anti NGF recognized 2 . 5S NGF at a concentration of 0 . 10 pM , but it did not recognize brain derived neurotrophic factor , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , or NT 4 , at concentrations as high as 10 nM . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have examined a group of WT immunohistochemically with antibodies recognizing known trk receptor proteins , the p 75 receptor , and the NTs , NGF and NT 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Tyrosine protein kinases TrkA and TrkC are signal transducing receptors for nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , respectively . ^^^ These results suggest that some cholinergic neurons , particularly those of the nucleus basalis of Meynert , may be sensitive to both NGF and NT 3 in the human brain . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To test whether the neurotrophins also function in the mature nervous system , the effects of brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , and neurotrophic factor 3 ( NT 3 ) on the strength of synaptic transmission in hippocampal slices were determined . ^^^ Application of BDNF or NT 3 produced a dramatic and sustained ( 2 to 3 hours ) enhancement of synaptic strength at the Schaffer collateral CA 1 synapses ; NGF was without significant effect . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) is a recently discovered member of the neurotrophin family of neurotrophic factors which includes NGF , BDNF and NT 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To determine the role of neurotrophins on the initial development of the avian embryo , RT PCR was used to detect when mRNA for nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , as well as their respective receptors , trkA , trkB , and trkC , is first expressed in the avian embryo . trkA , BDNF , trkB , NT 3 , and trkC mRNA were expressed as early as stage 1 ( `` prestreak ' ' stage ) , while NGF mRNA was not expressed until later in development ( stage 5 , `` notochord ' ' stage ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Three neurotrophic factors , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and nerve growth factor ( NGF ) form noncovalent homodimers in solution . ^^^ A heterodimer between NGF and BDNF is formed but much less effectively than the NT 3 . ^^^ These results indicate that BDNF and NT 3 have an intersubunit contact surface for dimerization resembling each other ' s but different from the contact surface of NGF . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In contrast , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , or ciliary neurotrophic factor ( CNTF ) appeared to exert minimal influences on RGC survival or neurite outgrowth . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , but not nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , or neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) , was found to increase the proportion of neurons ( neurofilament immunoreactive or neuron specific enolase immunoreactive ) or glia ( S 100 immunoreactive ) ( from 6 . 6 + / 0 . 9 % to 15 . 2 + / 1 . 4 % ; p < 0 . 001 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Despite the development of reactive gliosis , neither up regulation of NGF , nor BDNF or NT 3 mRNA could be detected by solution hybridization in the lesioned site at all times tested . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NGF and the other known members of the neurotrophin family , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) are conserved as distinct genes over large evolutionary distances . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Previous studies have found variable and weak interaction of the TrkA receptor with neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , another member of the NGF family . ^^^ Function perturbing antibodies to the p 75 low affinity NGF receptor potentiated the NT 3 responses of both forms of TrkA in the transfected PC12nnr5 cell lines , suggesting that the low affinity NGF receptor suppresses the ability of TrkA to respond to NT 3 . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The expression of high affinity neurotrophin receptors ( TrkA , TrkB , and TrkC ) determines the survival response of different populations of neurons to specific members of the neurotrophin family , including nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) is one of four related polypeptide growth factors that share structural and functional homology to nerve growth factor ( NGF ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Rather , this receptor is induced by environmental signals including NT 3 , which also acts as an interim survival factor for these neuroblasts . trkA induction by NT 3 is consequent to its promotion of mitotic arrest , as anti mitotic drugs also efficiently induce trkA . p 75 expression is induced in trkA expressing cells by NGF . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These included brain extract ( BEX ) , muscle extract ( MEX ) , conditioned medium from astrocyte cultures ( ACM ) , as well as the following neurotrophic agents : nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , S 100 , insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) , ciliary neurotrophic factor ( CNTF ) , platelet derived growth factor ( PDGF ) , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) , and leukemia inhibitory factor ( CDF / LIF ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The NT 3 / RED complex showed the largest spectral change and NGF the smallest . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cholinergic neurons of the basal nucleus complex ( BNC ) respond to nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , the first member of a polypeptide gene family that also includes brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) . ^^^ NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 are enriched in hippocampus . ^^^ The present investigation was designed to test , in a comparative fashion , the in vivo effects of human recombinant NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 with confirmed activities in vitro on cholinergic and gamma aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) ergic BNC neurons . ^^^ Moreover , NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 had no influence on GABAergic BNC neurons . ^^^ Taken together , these results indicate that , despite their significant sequence homologies and their shared abundance in target fields of BNC neurons , NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 show striking differences in their efficacies as cholinergic trophic factors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neurotropin 3 ( NT 3 ) is a nerve growth factor ( NGF ) homologue whose function is presently unknown . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recent work has shown that the survival of the nerve growth factor ( NGF ) dependent trigeminal ganglion neurons of the mouse embryo is promoted by brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) during the early stages of target field innervation ( Buchman and Davies , ( 1993 ) Development , 118 , 989 1001 ) . ^^^ During the mid embryonic period ( E 10 to E 12 ) when the number of sensory neurons is declining due to naturally occurring neuronal death , the neurons of the jugular ganglion and the dorsomedial part of the trigeminal ganglion ( DMTG ) were supported by NGF , the neurons of the ventrolateral part of the trigeminal ganglion ( VLTG ) were supported by BDNF and the nodose ganglion contained a major subset of neurons supported by BDNF and a minor subset supported by NT 3 . ^^^ In contrast , E 6 VLTG neurons did not exhibit a survival response to either NGF or NT 3 , and E 6 nodose neurons did not exhibit a survival response to NGF . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have investigated if transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) isoforms influence the level of expression of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) mRNA and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) mRNA in embryonic tissues innervated by neurons that depend on NGF and NT 3 for survival . ^^^ Presumptive dermal and epidermal cells from the maxillary territory of the embryonic mouse trigeminal ganglion were cultured in defined medium during the early stages of innervation when trigeminal neurons switch their survival dependence from NT 3 to NGF . ^^^ In E 11 and E 12 cultures , when the in vivo levels of NGF mRNA and NT 3 mRNA are increasing , TGF beta 1 , TGF beta 2 and TGF beta 3 each increased the level of NGF mRNA but had no effect on NT 3 mRNA . ^^^ In E 13 cultures , when the in vivo levels of NGF mRNA and NT 3 mRNA reach a peak ( relative to actin mRNA ) prior to a marked fall in the level of NT 3 mRNA and a gradual decrease in the level of NGF mRNA , TGF beta s promoted further increases in the level of NGF mRNA but caused a decrease in the level of NT 3 mRNA . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NGF , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) ) that bind and activate three different Trk receptors ( i . e . ^^^ Exchange of the 40 49 variable loop region between NGF and NT 3 resulted in molecules capable of activating both TrkA and TrkC receptors and of rescuing neurons containing TrkA and TrkC mRNAs , indicating that this loop plays an important role in determining biological specificities in these two neurotrophins . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophin gene family comprises four structurally related basic proteins , NGF , BDNF , NT 3 and NT 4 / 5 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BDNF and NT 3 promoted survival but very limited neuritogenesis by adult auditory neurons in vitro , while NGF , although without a survival effect , evoked a robust neuritic outgrowth response when combined with BDNF . ^^^ Messenger RNAs that encode for NGF , BDNF and NT 3 were detected by RT PCR in RNA extracts from adult cochlear nuclei tissue . ^^^ Based on these in vitro and in vivo findings , we propose NT 3 as the agent of the peripheral target derived survival promoting effect and NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 as mediators of trophic influences originating from the central target ( i . e . cochlear nucleus ) . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The family includes nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Correspondingly , from preinnervation stages onward , BDNF and NT 3 , but neither nerve growth factor ( NGF ) nor neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) mRNAs are expressed in the sensory epithelium of the otic vesicle , the peripheral target field of CVG neurons . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Secretory molecules which are expressed in skeletal muscle during embryonic development and which support motoneurons in culture and partially also in vivo include members of the NGF gene family ( BDNF , NT 3 , NT 4 / 5 ) , FGF 5 , IGF 1 , and LIF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To investigate if different neurotrophins regulate the survival of neurons at successive developmental stages , we studied the effect of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) on the survival of mouse trigeminal neurons at closely staged intervals in development . ^^^ BDNF and NT 3 mRNAs are expressed in the peripheral trigeminal target field before the arrival of the earliest axons and the onset of NGF mRNA expression . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Aged rats , displaying impairments in spatial learning and memory associated with marked cellular atrophy of forebrain cholinergic neurons , received intracerebroventricular infusions of one of the four neurotrophins nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , or neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) , or a combination of NGF and BDNF , or vehicle . ^^^ During the 4 week infusion period rats receiving NGF , NT 3 , or NT 4 / 5 showed improved acquisition and retention of spatial memory . ^^^ With NGF and NT 3 , but not NT 4 / 5 , this was accompanied by a significant reduction in cholinergic neuron atrophy in septum , nucleus basalis , and striatum . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In situ hybridization was used to study the expression of mRNAs of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neutrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , neurotrophin 5 ( NT 5 ) and the components of their high affinity receptors in the early postnatal and adult rat inner ears . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophins nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) act upon populations of neurons that express specific receptors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The results indicate that intracerebroventricularly delivered BDNF and NT 3 are not as effective as NGF and aFGF in protection of nbm cholinergic neurones against lesion induced changes in adult rat brain . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NGF and NT 3 have differing effects on the growth of dorsal root axons in developing mammalian spinal cord . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cellular localization of NGF and NT 3 mRNAs in postnatal rat forebrain . ^^^ The presence of transiently elevated levels of mRNA for nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) in postnatal development of several brain areas suggests that these factors may be expressed by a greater number of cell types in the immature than in the adult brain . ^^^ To evaluate this possibility , in situ hybridization was used to determine the cellular localization of NGF mRNA and NT 3 mRNA in hippocampus , cingulate cortex , posterolateral neocortex , thalamus , and cerebellum of postnatal rat . ^^^ In areas expressing both neurotrophins ( i . e . , hippocampus , cingulate cortex , and anteroventral thalamus ) , NT 3 mRNA was detected at earlier ages than NGF mRNA . ^^^ Patterns of hybridization in hippocampus and cerebellum indicate that NT 3 is expressed by neurons soon after leaving the mitotic cycle whereas NGF expression is a feature of more mature neurons . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NT 3 , but not nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , stimulated the proliferation of MC3T3 E 1 cells in a dose dependent manner . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| With cultured osteoblastic cells , clone MC3T3 E 1 derived from newborn mouse calvaria , the mRNAs encoding three representative neurotrophins , namely , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , were proved in estimation by the polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) method . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Nerve growth factor ( NGF ) represents a family of structurally related trophic factors , including brain derived neurotrophin factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , NT 4 , and NT 5 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We now show that ION neurons transport nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) retrogradely and that BDNF and NT 3 support the survival of ION neurons in vivo and promote neurite outgrowth in vitro . ^^^ These data implicate a role for the p 75 receptor in NGF ' s neurotoxicity and indicate that this receptor is involved in the mechanism by which ION neurons respond to BDNF and NT 3 in the target . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Receptors which bind the neurotrophins NGF , BDNF , NT 3 and NT 4 / 5 were shown to be present in cochlear and vestibular ganglion cells during development , implying a neurotrophic role for these molecules in the inner ear . ^^^ We have found by in situ hybridization that cochlear and vestibular sensory epithelial cells express BDNF and NT 3 mRNAs , but neither NGF or NT 4 mRNAs , in mouse embryos from embryonic day ( E ) 11 . 5 through postnatal day ( P ) 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We examined the expression of genes encoding NGF , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and their putative high affinity receptors , trk A and trk C , respectively . ^^^ Trks A and C were detected in dorsal root sensory ganglia ( DRG ) on embryonic day 12 . 5 ( E12 . 5 ) , implying early responsiveness to NGF and NT 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophins nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) are known to exist in solution as non covalently linked homodimeric proteins . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) and ciliary neurotrophic factor ( CNTF ) rescued 20 % 30 % of motoneurons , whereas brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) rescued virtually all motoneurons from axotomy induced death . ^^^ NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , IGF 1 , and CNTF also prevented axotomy induced atrophy of surviving motoneurons . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Many of these interactions are mediated by the neurotrophins NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 and the receptor tyrosine kinases encoded by genes of the trk family . ^^^ Subpopulations of sensory neurons do not require NGF for survival , but respond instead to BDNF or NT 3 with enhanced survival . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cells from E14 . 5 ganglia are supported by neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) in a serum free medium , but not by NGF ; NT 3 acts as a bona fide survival factor for these cells and not simply as a mitogen . ^^^ By birth , sympathetic neurons are well supported by NGF , whereas NT 3 supports survival only weakly and at very high doses . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To assess the potential effectiveness by which injected neurotrophins can diffuse throughout the brain , we used autoradiographic and immunohistochemical techniques to examine the brain distributions of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) after a single injection into the lateral cerebral ventricle ( ICV ) in rats . ^^^ The distribution of NT 3 after ICV injection was intermediate between that of NGF and BDNF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Examples include the neurotrophins ( NGF , NT 3 , NT 5 , and BDNF ) , bFGF , IGFs , TGFs , TNFs and secreted forms of the beta amyloid precursor protein . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Levels of mRNA for nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and the tyrosine kinase receptors trkB and trkC have been studied using in situ hybridization in the rat brain after topical application of KCl to the cortical surface ( which induces spreading depression ) . ^^^ Furthermore , no change of the expression of mRNA for NGF , NT 3 , trkC or the full length trkB receptor was detected at any time point . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have determined that all four known members of the neurotrophin family , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) , are capable of forming noncovalent heterodimers . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Atrophy but not death of adult septal cholinergic neurons after ablation of target capacity to produce mRNAs for NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 . ^^^ After near complete ablation of hippocampal neurons , total levels of NGF , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) mRNA measured by quantitative Northern blot analysis in the hippocampal remnant fell significantly , to less than 25 % of control values by 28 d and to less than 9 % by 300 d . ^^^ These findings indicate that in adult rats , target derived NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 do not regulate the survival of septal cholinergic neurons in proportion to the number of target neurons present . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we show that brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) increased by approximately 10 fold the NT 3 mRNA levels in cultured cerebellar granule neurons isolated from postnatal rats , whereas nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and NT 3 itself had no effect . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We found that motoneurons readily transported NGF , BDNF , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ^^^ In order to determine which members of the neurotrophin family influence motoneuron survival and to assess the generality of their effects , we evaluated the abilities of NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 to save both spinal and cranial motoneurons after neonatal axotomy . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunological relationships of NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 : recognition and functional inhibition by antibodies to NGF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The trkC gene product gp145trkC is a high affinity signaling receptor for neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , a member of the NGF family of neurotrophic factors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NT 3 , NT 4 , and more prominently BDNF , induce neurite outgrowth from explant cultures of the E 10 trigeminal ganglia but no neurites are induced by NGF , despite the expression of trkA . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To see whether glucocorticoid hormones can influence the regulation of neurotrophin expression in hippocampal neurons , we have used reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction to investigate changes in the mRNA levels of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) in immortalized hippocampal neurons after dexamethasone application . ^^^ Our results show that NGF mRNA levels rise in both embryonic and postnatal neurons , but with different time courses , while NT 3 levels rise in the embryonic but not in the postnatally derived cell line . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using a variety of criteria , the present study compared the neurite and survival promoting properties of this otocyst derived factor ( ODF ) to the neurotrophins NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 and ciliary neurotrophic factor ( CNTF ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cholinergic regulation of brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and nerve growth factor ( NGF ) but not neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) mRNA levels in the developing rat hippocampus . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Five microliters of cDNA were subjected to PCR amplification using primers specific for sequences of NGF , BDNF , NT 3 and CNTF . ^^^ Results showed that neurons expressed detectable levels of mRNA for NGF in all four cultures ; BDNF and NT 3 mRNA was seen only in two cultures ; CNTF mRNA was not detected in all four cultures . ^^^ Astrocytes expressed mRNA for NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 but not for CNTF in all cultures examined . ^^^ Astrocytic expression of mRNA for NGF , BDNF and NT 3 was found during the active cell proliferation as well as at a phase of mitotic quiescence . ^^^ This study provides evidence that dissociated cell cultures of human neurons produce NGF , BDNF and NT 3 in early stages of their development and that astrocytes are constitutively committed to synthesize neurotrophic factors , NGF , BDNF and NT 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In cultures of E16 . 5 ganglia , BDNF , NT 3 , or NT 4 alone each increased cell survival to varying degrees ( BDNF > NT 4 = LIF > NT 3 ) ; NGF , on the other hand , had no effect . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) are members of the nerve growth factor ( NGF ) protein family , also known as the neurotrophins . ^^^ Like NGF , BDNF and NT 3 crosslinked to the low affinity NGF receptor ( p75NGFR ) on PC 12 cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition to gp145trkB , the pyramidal neuronal cultures expressed transcripts specific for the NT 3 receptor gp145trkC , but not for the high affinity NGF receptor gp140trk or for p75LNGFR , a low affinity receptor for all known members of the NGF family of neurotrophins including the gp145trkB ligands , BDNF and NT 4 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neurotrophic factors , like e . g . nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) or brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) promote the survival and function of neurones in the peripheral and central nervous system . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Steady state mRNA levels for NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 , and their receptors , LNGFR , trk , trkB , and trkC , were examined in cultured rat Schwann cells . ^^^ NGF , BDNF , and LNGFR mRNAs were expressed in control Schwann cells , but NT 3 , trk , trkB and trkC mRNAs were not . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The induction of LTP increases BDNF and NGF mRNA but decreases NT 3 mRNA in the dentate gyrus . ^^^ We have investigated the expression of the mRNAs for brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) in the hippocampus before and after induction of long term potentiation ( LTP ) of synaptic transmission in the dentate gyrus through stimulation of the perforant path ( PP ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Embryonic cranial sensory and sympathetic neurons from mutant embryos responded normally to NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 / 5 at saturating concentrations . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition to NT 4 , brain derived neuotrophic factor ( BDNF ) mRNA is also shown to be expressed in the rat embryonic whisker follicles although in a different cellular localization , which combined with previous data on the expression of NGF and NT 3 mRNAs , shows that all four neurotrophins are expressed during development of this structure . ^^^ NT 4 and NT 3 mainly support different neuronal subpopulations , whereas some NT 4 responsive cells appear to respond also to NGF and BDNF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophin family includes NGF , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| By contrast , the following agents were ineffective : nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , epidermal growth factor ( EGF ) , acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors ( aFGF , bFGF ) , and the heparin binding growth associated molecule ( HB GAM ) . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The binding of biologically active and 125I labeled neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) was studied with both dry film and emulsion autoradiography to compare with NGF binding and discover areas where NT 3 may function in vivo . ^^^ The equilibrium binding of 300 pM 125I NT 3 to rat brain sections was reversible and inhibited by unlabeled NT 3 ( IC 50 , 420 pM ) . 125I NT 3 bound in a saturable manner , with high affinity ( Kd , 227 269 pM ) , and with a capacity ( Bmax , 26 fmol / mg protein ) that exceeded that of NGF by threefold . ^^^ As with NGF , 125I NT 3 also bound to a second population of sites with lower affinity ( Kd , 2 . 8 nM ) and higher capacity ( Bmax , 170 fmol / mg protein ) . 125I NT 3 binding was not blocked by NGF , or serum proteins , and brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) competed for it in a distinctly biphasic manner ( IC 50 values of 230 pM and 37 nM ) . ^^^ In rat or cat , the topography of 125I NT 3 binding differed from that reported for 125I NGF binding or for the low affinity NGF receptor . ^^^ The unique distribution and pharmacology of 125I NT 3 binding to BDNF sensitive and insensitive sites in brain predict predominantly neuronal actions for these factors that are likely to be more widespread and distinct from those of NGF . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophin gene family , including nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and NT 4 / NT 5 , supports the survival of distinct peripheral neurons , however , actions upon central neurons are relatively undefined . ^^^ In contrast to NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and the novel neurotrophin , NT 4 , all increased ChAT activity and cholinergic cell survival . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Coexpression of mRNAs for NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 in the cardiovascular system of the pre and postnatal rat . ^^^ The expression of NGF , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) mRNAs was examined in whole rat embryos and in the heart and great vessels of postnatal and adult rats , using in situ hybridization of cRNA probes . ^^^ NT 3 expression in the vessels is relatively constant and high from embryonic to adult stages , while levels of BDNF increase and those of NGF decrease over the same time course . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The expression of neurotrophin ( NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 ) mRNAs in 24 cell lines derived from human malignant gliomas was studied by Northern analysis . ^^^ Nearly all cell lines expressed BDNF , and about two thirds of the cell lines expressed NGF and NT 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The low affinity nerve growth factor ( NGF ) receptor ( LNGFR ) binds the neurotrophins NGF , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) with similar affinities . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Tyrosine protein kinases trk , trkB and trkC are essential components of the high affinity receptors necessary to mediate biological effects of the neurotrophins NGF , BDNF , NT 3 and NT 4 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These sympathetic neurons ( which can be rescued by the addition of NGF ) display high affinity receptors for NT 3 ( Kd of 1 . 6 10 10 ( 11 ) M ) that can not be distinguished from the high affinity NT 3 receptors on sensory neurons using equilibrium binding or kinetic criteria . ^^^ At elevated concentrations , beyond the saturation of its high affinity receptors , NT 3 supports the survival of some E 11 sympathetic neurons , an effect that might be mediated by the high affinity NGF receptor . ^^^ Using E 7 sympathetic neurons , about 40 % of the cells initially plated can be rescued in vitro by the addition of low concentrations of NT 3 ( but not of NGF ) and produce profuse neurites . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The immunological properties of the neurotrophins NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 were compared using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against the beta subunit of mouse NGF . ^^^ Affinity purified anti NGF IgG consistently recognized NGF and NT 3 on Western blots , and inhibited the trophic activity of NGF and NT 3 but not BDNF . ^^^ In contrast , anti NGF monoclonal antibodies did not block the trophic activity of either NT 3 or BDNF . ^^^ These results are consistent with the greater structural overlap between NGF and NT 3 than between NGF and BDNF . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Preliminary characterization of the factor ( s ) present in SME suggests that the active molecule is a protein different from the known neurotrophic factors NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , CNTF , and bFGF , and that its neurotrophic effect is not mediated by direct interaction with the substratum . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Similarly , NGF and BDNF both promoted survival of dissociated neurons from limb and nonlimb segmental levels , whereas NT 3 promoted survival of more neurons from limb compared to nonlimb levels . ^^^ To evaluate this possibility directly , we compared the survival of retrogradely labeled muscle and cutaneous neurons in NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 . ^^^ Identified muscle sensory neurons survived best in vitro in the presence of NT 3 , while the survival of identified cutaneous sensory neurons was greatest in NGF . ^^^ This work provides direct evidence for a potential role of NT 3 versus NGF in the survival of a specific subpopulation of DRG neurons . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Tyrosine phosphorylation , cross linking , and ligand binding assays indicate that TrkC receptors interact with NT 3 and not with the related neurotrophins NGF , BDNF , xNT 4 , or hNT 5 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we report that acute exposure to neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) or brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , but not nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , rapidly potentiates the spontaneous and impulse evoked synaptic activity of developing neuromuscular synapses in culture . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both assays detected mouse NGF and recombinant human NGF with approximately equal sensitivity , whereas the antibodies showed little cross reactivity with the recombinant human proteins NT 3 and brain derived neurotrophic factor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Members of the neurotrophin family , including nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factors ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , are capable of supporting survival of injured CNS neurons both in vitro and in vivo . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophins BDNF , NT 3 and 4 , but not NGF , TGF beta 1 and GDNF , increase the number of NADPH diaphorase reactive neurons in rat spinal cord cultures . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The structural properties of human brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) were studied using sedimentation equilibrium and circular dichroism ( CD ) , fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies , and compared with those of human nerve growth factor ( NGF ) . ^^^ NGF appears to contain the most beta sheet while NT 3 contains a small fraction of alpha helix . ^^^ Sedimentation equilibrium showed that BDNF , NT 3 , and NGF exist as strongly associated dimers in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7 . 1 . ^^^ Fits of the observed fringe displacements to various association models suggested that the BDNF , NT 3 , and NGF samples contain , in addition to the principal dimeric species , some oligomers , and that NT 3 contains a small fraction of incompetent monomer . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Several members of the neurotrophin ( NT ) family , including nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , NT 3 , and NT 4 / 5 , are expressed in the mammalian ovary . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In search of the possible involvement of neurotrophic factors in inherited neurological disease , we examined brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) mRNA expression patterns in the ataxic mutant mouse stargazer ( stg ) . ^^^ NT 3 or NGF mRNA expression in the cerebellum was normal . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The ability of neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and nerve growth factor ( NGF ) to promote survival of postnatal rat vestibular ganglion neurons ( VGNs ) was examined in dissociated cell cultures . ^^^ However , if the cultures were co treated with neurotrophins , NT 4 / 5 , BDNF , and NT 3 , but not NGF , prevented or reduced the neurotoxicity of the two ototoxins . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The presence of the neurotrophin , nerve growth factor , brain derived neurotrophic factor , neurotrophin 3 and neurotrophin 4 ( NGF , BDNF , NT 3 and NT 4 ) and their receptors of the tyrosine kinase family ( trkA , trkB and trkC ) have been investigated in the choroid plexus and dura mater of the adult rat by ribonuclease protection assay . ^^^ The choroid plexus contained high levels of mRNAs for NGF and NT 4 , and low levels of NT 3 and BDNF mRNA ; and high levels of trkB mRNA , and undetectable levels of trkA and trkC mRNA . ^^^ In the dura mater there were high levels of NT 3 and NGF , and low levels of BDNF and NT 4 mRNAs ; and high levels of trkC mRNA , and relatively high amount of trkB mRNA , while levels of trkA mRNA was undetectable . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We also show that BDNF and NT 3 were transported efficiently at low doses , whereas NGF was transported significantly only at higher doses . ^^^ The transport of BDNF and NT 3 was reduced by high concentrations of NGF or by antibodies to either trkB or the p 75 neurotrophin receptor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , members of the neurotrohin family of neurotrophic factors that also include nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 ) , are important in development of the neuronal components of the inner ear . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A variety of such factors has been identified over recent years , among them factors of the NGF gene family , for example BDNF , NT 3 , NT 4 / 5 and NT 6 , and factors such as CNTF and LIF acting on neuronal target cells via receptor components shared with cytokines such as IL 6 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Pre clinical studies in animal models have demonstrated the likely efficacy of factors such as NGF for small fibre sensory neuropathy , BDNF , CNTF and IGF 1 for motor neurone disease , and NT 3 for large fibre neuropathy . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BDNF was significantly more effective than NT 3 in inducing NPY production , and NGF was ineffective . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present study examined whether chronic pain parenchymal administration of the neurotrophins brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) or NGF could prevent the severe degenerative loss of serotonergic axons normally caused by the selective 5 HT neurotoxin p chloroamphetamine ( PCA ) . ^^^ NT 3 caused only a modest sparing of the 5 HT innervation in PCA treated rats , and NGF failed to prevent the loss of 5 HT axon density . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have now used neurotrophic factors ( BDNF , NT 4 / 5 , NT 3 , NGF , LIF ) , glutamate receptor antagonists ( MK 801 , DNQX , CNQX ) , an antioxidant ( N ace tyl L cysteine ) , and an NOS inhibitor ( L NAME ) to determine whether the early and late phases of lesion induced RGC death involved similar or different mechanisms . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) selectively bind to distinct members of the Trk family of tyrosine kinase receptors , but all three bind with similar affinities to the neurotrophin receptor p 75 ( p75NTR ) . ^^^ The effect was selective for NGF ; NF kappa B was not activated by BDNF or NT 3 . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We show that in PC 12 cells expressing both TrkC and TrkA / nerve growth factor ( NGF ) receptors , different morphological changes occur upon addition of NGF or NT 3 . ^^^ NT 3 treated cells exhibit longer neurites and larger cell bodies as compared to NGF treated cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The ability of the neurotrophins nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) to promote neuronal survival and phenotypic differentiation was examined in dissociated cultures from embryonic day 16 rat cerebellum . ^^^ BDNF , NT 4 / 5 , and NT 3 , but not NGF , induced the rapid expression of the immediate early gene c fos . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This effect is neutralized by NGF and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , but not by brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) . ( 3 ) The combination of SCF and any neurotrophin tested ( NGF , BDNF , NT 3 ) is trophic for melanogenic cells , whereas SCF alone does not detectably affect melanogenesis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We found that early hypothyroidism disrupted the developmental pattern of expression of the four neurotrophins , leading to relatively higher levels of NGF and neurotrophin 4 / 5 mRNAs and to a severe deficit in NT 3 and brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) mRNA expression , without alteration in the levels of the full length tyrosine kinase ( trk ) B and trkC receptor mRNAs . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , blockade of trkC in ovo induced reductions in subpopulations of DRG neurons known to be dependent on NGF , in addition to those dependent on NT 3 during the target regulated cell death period . ^^^ An early function for NT 3 on immature DRG neurons is supported further by data presented here that demonstrate that whereas BDNF and NGF can support a subset of immature DRG neurons in vitro , activation of the trkC receptor either by NT 3 binding or via antibody mediated cross linking induces the most robust survival response . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Chicken NGF , BDNF and NT 3 have been cloned and sequences have been used to synthesize oligonucleotides for specific localization of expression during development . ^^^ Recombinant NT 3 was applied to chicken ganglia at different developmental stages to examine acquirement of responsiveness to NT 3 compared to NGF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of NGF and NT 3 mRNAs in hippocampal interneurons innervated by the GABAergic septohippocampal pathway . ^^^ We used in situ hybridization for the detection of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) mRNAs combined with immunocytochemistry against the calcium binding proteins parvalbumin ( PARV ) , calbindin 28k ( CALB ) , and calretinin ( CALR ) to determine the expression of neurotrophins in functionally distinct subsets of hippocampal interneurons . ^^^ These results show that NGF and NT 3 genes are differentially regulated in distinct subsets of GABAergic cells , and these interneurons are a major source of NGF production in the hippocampus . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the current study , we determined whether human adult CNS derived OLs could be protected from the above immune effector mechanisms by selected neurotrophic factors ( CNTF , BDNF , NGF , NT 3 , and NT 4 / 5 ) or cytokines demonstrated to protect from human or experimental autoimmune demyelinating diseases ( beta interferon [ IFN ] , IL 10 , and TGF beta ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Dissociated cell cultures of early postnatal spiral ganglia were used to investigate the effects of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) on maturing auditory neurones . ^^^ BDNF was the most potent stimulator of neuritogenesis , NT 3 provided the strongest support for neuronal survival , while NGF supported limited neuritogenesis , and only at pharmacological levels . ^^^ These findings suggest that both BDNF and NT 3 participate in the postnatal maturation of cochlear innervation and that NGF is most probably not involved in this process . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we found that treatment of 70W melanoma cells with neurotrophin NT 3 increased Matrigel invasion , whereas treatment with neurotrophins other than NGF or NT 3 did not influence invasion . ^^^ When 70W cells were exposed to antisense oligonucleotides directed against p75NTR mRNA , there was a reduction in NGF and NT 3 binding , and the neurotrophins failed to enhance Matrigel invasion . ^^^ Incubation of 70W cells with NGF or NT 3 , but not brain derived NT factor , NT 4 / 5 , or mutant NGF , resulted in increased release of heparanase activity that was capable of degrading a subpopulation of heparan sulfate molecules . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Grafts of fibroblasts genetically modified to secrete NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , or basic FGF elicit differential responses in the adult spinal cord . ^^^ We genetically modified primary rat fibroblasts to produce either nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , or basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) , then grafted these neurotrophic factor secreting cells into the central gray matter of the spinal cord in adult rats . ^^^ From 2 wk to 6 mo later , sensory neurites of dorsal root origin extensively penetrated NGF , NT 3 , and bFGF producing grafts , whereas BDNF secreting grafts elicited no growth responses . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In situ hybridization showed a transient increase ( maximum at 2 h ) of brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , TrkB and TrkC mRNA levels and reduction ( maximum at 12 24 h ) of neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) mRNA expression in dentate granule cells after the seizures . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NGF , BDNF and NT 5 , but not NT 3 protect against MPP+ toxicity and oxidative stress in neonatal animals . ^^^ In the present study we examined whether systemic administration of members of the neurotrophin family , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and neurotrophin 5 ( NT 5 ) and basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) could protect against 1 methyl 4 phenylpyridinium ( MPP+ ) induced striatal damage in neonatal rats . ^^^ Systemic administration of NGF , BDNF and NT 5 produced significant neuroprotective effects , whereas NT 3 was ineffective . ^^^ Systemic administration of NGF , BDNF and bFGF , but not NT 3 attenuated MPP+ induced increases in hydroxyl radical generation as assessed by the conversion of salicylate to 2 , 3 or 2 , 5 dihydroxybenzoic acid ( DHBA ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Specifically , trkB and NT 3 mRNA elevations were restricted to granule cells in the ipsilateral dentate gyrus , whereas bilateral increases in trkC , BDNF , and nerve growth factor ( NGF ) mRNA levels occurred in granule cells and hippocampal pyramidal cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In mammals this gene family encompasses NGF , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophins 3 and 4 / 5 , ( NT 3 , NT 4 / 5 ) . ^^^ The neurotrophins initiate signal transduction in responsive cells by ligand induced dimerization and activation of one of the Trk family of receptor tyrosine kinases ; NGF being specific for TrkA , BDNF and NT 4 / 5 for TrkB , and TrkC the preferred receptor for NT 3 . ^^^ In vitro and in vivo studies , and transgenic mice baring targeted null mutations of the neutrophin genes have established that BDNF , NT 3 and NT 4 / 5 , like NGF , play critical roles as classical target derived survival factors for subclasses of developing sensory neurons . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We used sensitive and specific two site enzyme immunoassays to assess age associated changes in levels of three neurotrophins++ + nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) in the hippocampus of Fischer 344 rats . ^^^ This amount was two and 100 times greater than that of NT 3 and NGF , respectively . ^^^ The levels of BDNF and NT 3 increased further 2 6 months after birth , whereas NGF content declined during this period , and the altered protein levels of all three neurotrophins were maintained 6 18 months postnatally . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BDNF and NT 3 , but not NGF , prevent axotomy induced death of rat corticospinal neurons in vivo . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The possibility that thyroid hormone may be directly or indirectly required to promote cell survival is discussed , in terms of the hormone control of the local delivery of neurotrophins , such as NGF and NT 3 , as well as the expression of their low affinity receptors , gp 75 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| While trkA and trkC mRNAs were expressed from stage 1 onwards , NGF and NT 3 mRNAs were expressed only at stages 3 and 5 , respectively . ^^^ Thereafter , mRNAs for trkB , NGF and NT 3 are expressed reflecting their later action in early embryonic development . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neurotrophins ( NTs ) , such as nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and NT 3 , are required for survival of certain neurons , and thus their clinical use to counteract age and pathology associated neurodegeneration has been suggested , although mechanistic descriptions for NT cell rescue from apoptosis are not definitive . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In situ hybridization studies on purified microglial cultures confirmed that only subpopulations express the NGF and NT 3 genes , substantiating the existence of microglial heterogeneity . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) are increased by stress and glucocorticoids perhaps as a compensatory response to stress induced damage . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Essential sequences required for both nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) binding were mapped to the immunoglobulin like domains . ^^^ Dose response curves on cells expressing full length trkA were identical for NGF and NT 3 ( 0 . 1 ng / ml 50 ng / ml ) while cells expressing leucine rich motif ( LRM ) minus receptors required high concentrations of NT 3 ( 50 ng / ml ) . ^^^ Scatchard analysis revealed a loss of high affinity NT 3 , but not NGF , binding to the LRM minus receptor consistent with the neurite dose response curves . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Determinations of dorsal root ganglion ( DRG ) neuron loss in nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) null mutant mice have supported the concept that neurons can switch neurotrophin dependence by revealing that many neurons must require both of these factors acting either sequentially or simultaneously during development . ^^^ The situation is complex , however , in that NT 3 ( / ) mutant mice show far greater neuron loss than mice deficient in the NT 3 receptor TrkC , suggesting that NT 3 may support many DRG neurons via actions on the NGF receptor TrkA . ^^^ To assess the possibility of ligand receptor cross talk as a developmental mechanism , we have compared the onset of survival dependence of lumbar DRG neurons on NT 3 , TrkC , NGF , and TrkA signaling in mice deficient in these molecules as a result of gene targeting . ^^^ The onset of survival dependence on NGF and TrkA signaling is concurrent and of equal magnitude at E13 . 5 , demonstrating that NT 3 alone does not support DRG neurons via TrkA , nor can NT 3 compensate for the loss of NGF . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| There is increasing evidence that the neurotrophins , particularly nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , play a role in the regulation of glial development in the CNS . ^^^ In addition , we have examined the effects of NGF and NT 3 on proliferation and survival of OLPs and OLs , respectively . ^^^ TrkC , the high affinity NT 3 receptor , and trkA , the high affinity NGF receptor , are both expressed from the early OLP through the mature OL stage . ^^^ NGF and NT 3 both induced the phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) in OLPs and in OLs . ^^^ In both OLPs and OLs , NT 3 sustained the activation of MAPK more than NGF . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In contrast , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , which serve as trophic signals for the neuroblasts , did not elicit any change in [ 3H ] thymidine incorporation , indicating that the neurotrophins are not mitogenic for sympathetic precursors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| An in vitro model of early postnatal rat organ of Corti / spiral ganglion explants was used to study the effects of deprivation and supplementation of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , BDNF , and NT 3 on neuronal survival . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Human neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) is a member of the nerve growth factor ( NGF ) family of neurotrophic factors , and the recombinant protein is being developed as a therapeutic for neurodegenerative diseases . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using the RNase protection assay , we have found that nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) are expressed in the avian retina during development . ^^^ Abundant levels of NGF and BDNF but low levels of NT 3 mRNA were found in the adult retina . ^^^ We also found that light / darkness regulated the levels of NGF and BDNF mRNAs but not the levels of NT 3 mRNA in the 5 day old chicken retina . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of polysialated N CAM was similar on the two populations , addition of NGF and NT 3 appeared to increase expression of polysialated N CAM on TMN neurons . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neurotrophins , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , neurotrophin 5 ( NT 5 ) and brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , were studied in vitro in a coculture model of human skeletal muscle myotubes and rat embryo spinal cord explants , which enables the different steps of functional innervation to be followed , including neurite outgrowth , synapse formation and induction of contractile activity . ^^^ We found that NT 3 , NT 5 , BDNF , but not NGF simultaneously induced a significant increase in the number and length of neurites emerging from spinal cord explants , the number of endplates per muscle fiber , and the area of innervated muscle fibers around each spinal cord explant . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NT 3 plus K252b promotes the tyrosine phosphorylation of TrkA in PC 12 cells and increases ChAT activity in cultured basal forebrain cholinergic neurons like NGF ( Knusel et al . , J Neurochem 59 : 715 722 , 1992 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this article we compare the mRNA levels for neurotrophins ( NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , NT 4 ) and their high affinity receptors ( trkA , trkB , trkC ) in cultures enriched in specific glial types , such as microglia , type 1 astroglia , and cells of the O / 2A lineage ( type 2 astroglia and oligodendroglia ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NGF , BDNF and NT 3 play unique roles in the in vitro development and patterning of innervation of the mammalian inner ear . ^^^ RT PCR of E 11 through E 14 otocyst CVG RNA extracts have shown that NGF as well as BDNF and NT 3 are expressed in the developing inner ear ( in situ RT PCR on tissue sections of E 12 otocysts localized all three neurotrophins to the otocyst ) . ^^^ To evaluate the functional significance of NGF , BDNF and NT 3 expression , E10 . 5 otocyst CVG explants were treated with antisense oligonucleotides and compared to sense treated and control cultures . ^^^ Confocal microscopic analysis revealed that treatment with BDNF antisense resulted in extensive neuronal cell death , downregulation of NGF caused an inhibition of neuritogenesis and a decrease in the neuronal population of the CVG , whereas treatment with NT 3 antisense resulted in a loss of target directed CVG neuritic ingrowth in this in vitro model . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recombinant BDNF was detected at concentrations as low as 10 pg / ml , whereas the EIA did not detect NT 3 , NT 4 / 5 , or NGF at concentrations as high as 100 ng / ml . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) are members of the family of neurotrophins that are highly expressed in the adult hippocampus , and to a lesser extent , in the cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb . ^^^ When CBF neurons were selectively and completely destroyed by intraventricular injection of 192 IgG saporin , resulting in a cholinergic deafferentation of the hippocampus , cortex , and olfactory bulb , there were no significant changes in NGF , BDNF and / or NT 3 mRNA levels in these areas from 1 week to 5 months after the lesion . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Septal neurons from embryonic day 14 15 rats exposed for 10 14 d to neurotrophin [ nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , or neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) , each at 100 ng / ml ] showed a two to threefold increase in choline acetyltransferase ( ChAT ) activity , with little evidence of synergistic interactions . ^^^ However , with very low plating densities ( 2 28 cells / mm2 ) BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 ( but not NGF ) increased total neuronal survival , and BDNF increased survival of AChE positive neurons . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NGF and NT 3 increased BrdU incorporation in neurons derived from E12 . 5 DRG neuroblasts . ^^^ By contrasts , neurotrophin dependence switched at E14 . 5 such that BDNF had no survival activity but NGF , NT 3 , and NT 4 supported survival of the same neurons . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Their cognate ligands nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) act as survival and trophic factors for neurons in the peripheral nervous system ( PNS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Among these factors , the neurotrophins brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and NT 4 / 5 but not nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , can prevent embryonic and postnatal motoneuron cell death in a variety of experimental paradigms . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophins nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) are important for the regulation of survival and differentiation of distinct , largely non overlapping populations of embryonic sensory neurons . ^^^ However , in combination with various concentrations of NT 3 and NT 4 , but not NGF , TGF beta 3 causes a further significant increase in neuron survival . ^^^ In DRG cell cultures treated with NGF , NT 3 , and NT 4 , a neutralizing antibody to TGF beta decreases neuron survival suggesting that endogenous TGF beta in these cultures affects the efficacies of neurotrophins . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Northern blot analysis indicated that mRNA levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) were significantly elevated about 1 . 5 fold in the hippocampus of ODC transgenic mice as compared with control animals . ^^^ The levels of BDNF , NGF and NT 3 mRNA were also elevated in the kidneys of the transgenic mice . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The resistance of BFCNs to NGF deprivation provided by cortical neurons could be largely reproduced by addition of other trophic factors ( brain derived neurotrophic factor , BDNF ; neurotrophin 3 , NT 3 ; neurotrophin 4 / 5 , NT4 / 5 ; or glial derived neurotrophic factor , GDNF ) during NGF deprivation in pure BF cultures . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using aggregate cultures derived from human fetal cortical hemispheres , we assessed the effect of BDNF on NPY production varying the following experimental conditions : fetal and culture age ; medium composition ( with and without serum ) , dose and duration of exposure to BDNF , and neurotrophin species tested ( BDNF , NT 4 / 5 , NT 3 or NGF ) . ^^^ Under none of these conditions did BDNF , NT 4 / 5 , NT 3 or NGF induce an increase in NPY production . ^^^ By comparison , using aggregate cultures derived from rat fetal cortices , BDNF and NT 4 / 5 were equipotent in inducing NPY production but NT 3 and NGF were essentially ineffective . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To study the interrelationships between the convertases furin , PC 1 and PC 2 , and the neurotrophins NGF , BDNF and NT 3 , we compared their mRNA distribution in different tissues . ^^^ NGF showed small changes , while NT 3 was downregulated with minimal expression levels between 3 to 12 h . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of mRNAs for neurotrophic factors ( NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and GDNF ) and their receptors ( p75NGFR , trkA , trkB , and trkC ) in the adult human peripheral nervous system and nonneural tissues . ^^^ The steady state mRNA levels of the four neurotrophic factors of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and their receptors ( p75NGFR , trkA , trkB and trkC ) in the adult human peripheral nervous system ( PNS ) as well as nonneural tissues were examined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) . ^^^ NGF and BDNF mRNA levels were high in the heart and spleen as well as in the dorsal root ganglia ( DRG ) and spinal cord , showing similar spatial expression patterns , while NT 3 mRNA levels were more pronounced in the liver and spleen . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Initially the neurons survive in response to BDNF and NT 3 and later switch to becoming NGF dependent ( Buchman , 5 . 1 . and Davies , A . ^^^ To determine if this in vitro switch in neurotrophin responsiveness is physiologically relevant , we studied the timing of neuronal death in the trigeminal ganglia of embryos that are homozygous for null mutations in the trkA , trkB and trkC genes , which encode receptor tyrosine kinases for NGF , BDNF and NT 3 , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These nerve growth factor like dimeric soluble molecules are basic neurotrophic factors and the five members ( NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , NT 4 , NT 5 ) are not related to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily ligands . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Granule neuron survival in culture was supported by BDNF , but not significantly by either nerve growth factor ( NGF ) or NT 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In mammals , there are four members of the family : NGF , BDNF , NT 3 and NT 4 / 5 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Permeability at the blood brain and blood nerve barriers of the neurotrophic factors : NGF , CNTF , NT 3 , BDNF . ^^^ The plasma washout showed a decreasing plasma half life in the order of brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) < neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) < ciliary neurotrophic factor ( CNTF ) < nerve growth factor ( NGF ) . ^^^ The other neurotrophic proteins were all significantly higher than NGF ( CNTF : 9 . 5 10 ; NT 3 : 20 . 8 10 ; BDNF : 18 . 9 10 ) . ^^^ The PS for CNTF ranged from 6 . 0 to 8 . 0 fold higher than NGF ; NT 3 : 10 . 6 to 15 . 2 fold higher ; and BDNF : 11 . 3 to 16 . 4 fold higher . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , coaddition of K 252b ( EC 50 of approximately 2 nM ) with 10 100 ng / ml NT 3 led to incorporation of [ 3H ] thymidine in trkA expressing cells to a level induced by optimal concentrations of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CONFOCAL analysis of early postnatal auditory neurones in a bicompartmental culture system was used to test for chemoattractant properties of NGF , BDNF and NT 3 on neuronal process outgrowth . ^^^ However , BDNF was important for the support of neuronal survival in NGF treated cultures and for neuritogenesis in NT 3 treated cultures . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Significantly , NGF induced apoptosis in D283trk and DAOYtrk cells can be inhibited by anti NGF antibodies and by K 252a , an inhibitor of TrkA tyrosine phosphorylation and mimicked by high concentrations of NT 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We compared the effects of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) on dorsal root ganglion ( DRG ) sensory neurons to that of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ^^^ GDNF , NGF , and NT 3 were effective in vitro , while BDNF was not . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This article reviews the evidence published in recent years indicating that another member of the NGF family , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , plays both a complementary and overlapping role in the development and maturation of sympathetic neurons . ^^^ However , NT 3 also acts in parallel with NGF to promote the survival of postmitotic neurons during late development . ^^^ Thus , in addition to its role in the differentiation of sympathetic neurons , NT 3 , like NGF , is also an effector tissue derived neurotrophic factor for these neurons in maturity . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NGF but not NT 3 or BDNF prevents the A fiber sprouting into lamina 2 of the spinal cord that occurs following axotomy . ^^^ Rats which had undergone sciatic axotomy were treated intrathecally with NGF , BDNF , or NT 3 . ^^^ NGF ( 12 microg / day for 2 weeks ) , but not NT 3 or BDNF , prevented both the axotomy induced reduction in CGRP staining within lamina 2 and the sprouting of A fibers into this region . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this report we examine the biological and molecular basis of the control of sympathetic neuron differentiation and survival by NGF and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ^^^ NT 3 is as efficient as NGF in mediating neuritogenesis and expression of growth associated genes in NGF dependent sympathetic neurons , but it is 20 40 fold less efficient in supporting their survival . ^^^ Both NT 3 and NGF induce similar sustained , long term activation of TrkA , while NGF is 10 fold more efficient than NT 3 in mediating acute , short term TrkA activity . ^^^ At similar acute levels of TrkA activation , NT 3 still mediates neuronal survival two to threefold less well than NGF . ^^^ On the basis of these data , we suggest that NGF and NT 3 differentially regulate the TrkA receptor both with regard to activation time course and downstream targets , leading to selective regulation of neuritogenesis and survival . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| All three neurotrophins tested , NGF , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , were capable of supporting survival of pluripotent neural crest cells ( or their closely related progeny ) in the presence of bFGF . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| PURPOSE : To see if cultured human retinal pigment epithelial ( RPE ) cells have the capacity to synthesize neurotrophins , including nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived growth factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ^^^ RESULTS : Cultured human RPE cells were found to express mRNAs for NGF , BDNF and NT 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We report that neurotrophin 4 ( but not NT 3 or NGF ) , applied to embryonic rodent cortex in vitro or in vivo , produces heterotopic accumulations of neurons in the MZ . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Regional specificity of alterations in NGF , BDNF and NT 3 levels in Alzheimer ' s disease . ^^^ Using two site enzyme immunoassays ( EIAs ) , we measured the levels of neurotrophins , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) simultaneously in three brain regions ( motor cortex , dentate gyrus and entorhinal cortex ) of patients with Alzheimer ' s disease ( AD ) and control individuals . ^^^ The NGF level in the dentate gyrus of AD patients was higher , whereas the BDNF level in the entorhinal cortex and the NT 3 level in the motor cortex were lower than the corresponding control levels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The binding sites of neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and nerve growth factor ( NGF ) to their preferred receptors trkC and trkA , respectively , were previously determined by mutational analyses . ^^^ These and other studies showed that trkA can discriminate between NGF and NT 3 primarily by recognition of their N terminal residues . ^^^ In this study residues that are part of the central beta strand bundle of NT 3 and are not conserved among the neurotrophins were grafted onto NGF and tested for recruitment of trkC affinity . ^^^ Exchange of NGF residues at positions 18 , 20 , 23 , 29 , 84 , and 86 by their NT 3 counterparts resulted in NGF variants that bound to trkC , while maintaining their affinity to trkA , and were able to induce autophosphorylation and differentiation of PC 12 cells expressing trkC . ^^^ These variants show that the amino acid at position 23 ( glycine in NGF , threonine in NT 3 ) is critical for trkC recognition while other residues fine tune the specificity of NT 3 for trkC . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This effect of BDNF is likely to be mediated by the p 75 neurotrophin receptor because : ( 1 ) p 75 immunoreactive protein is expressed by a subset of satellite cells ; ( 2 ) neutralization of p 75 abolishes the BDNF induced stimulation ; ( 3 ) a treatment of non neuronal cell cultures with equimolar concentrations of either soluble NGF or NT 3 also affects the proportion of cells that become SMP positive . ^^^ Whereas NGF stimulates the acquisition of this glial antigen to a similar extent as BDNF , NT 3 inhibits its expression , suggesting that distinct neurotrophins signal differentially through p 75 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) mediate activities such as survival , differentiation , and proliferation in various subsets of neurons . ^^^ In earlier studies we defined five amino acid residues of NGF which confer NGF like activity to NT 3 when replacing corresponding residues in the 120 amino acid long NT 3 molecule . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| For nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , these are p75NTR ( p 75 ) and p140trk ( referred to as trk or trkA ) , which binds both BDNF and neurotrophin ( NT ) 4 / 5 , and trkC receptor , which binds only NT 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Several in vitro and in vivo studies have led to the widely accepted view that NT 3 is required for sympathetic neuroblast survival , induction of TrkA expression and the acquisition of NGF dependence . ^^^ However , we show that the number of neurons and the levels of trkA and p 75 mRNAs in the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion ( SCG ) of NT 3 / mouse embryos increase normally up to E 16 , 2 days after SCG neurons start responding to NGF . ^^^ These results show that the neurotrophin survival requirements of SCG neurons do not switch from NT 3 to NGF during development and that NT 3 is not required for the expression of TrkA and p 75 and the acquisition of NGF dependence . ^^^ Rather , some sympathetic neurons have a late requirement for NT 3 at the time when they also depend on NGF for survival . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Granule cell mRNA levels for BDNF , NGF , and NT 3 correlate with neuron losses or supragranular mossy fiber sprouting in the chronically damaged and epileptic human hippocampus . ^^^ Granule cell mRNA levels using in situ hybridization for brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) ; 2 . neo Timm supragranular mossy fiber sprouting ; and 3 . ^^^ Results showed that compared to non HS cases , HS patients showed increased granule cell mRNA levels for BDNF , NGF , and NT 3 ( p = 0 . 035 , p = 0 . 04 , p = 0 . 045 respectively ; one tail directional test ) . ^^^ NGF mRNA levels correlated inversely with Ammon ' s horn neuron densities ( p = 0 . 02 ) , and NT 3 mRNA levels correlated inversely with age at surgery ( p = 0 . 04 ) and correlated positively with greater mossy fiber sprouting ( p = 0 . 026 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Embryonic precursor cells that express Trk receptors : induction of different cell fates by NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and CNTF . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NT 4 , BDNF and , to a lesser extent , NT 3 , increased the survival of ganglion cells in our assay , while NGF had no effect . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recent studies have demonstrated that the neurotrophins nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) are induced in hippocampal neurons following the induction of long term potentiation ( LTP ) , a model of memory , and that BDNF and NT 3 ( but not NGF ) can induce LTP like increases in synaptic efficacy . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of trkC was also studied , as its endogenous ligand neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) is related to NGF , and is present in human epidermis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| High affinity neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) receptors have been identified on nerve growth factor ( NGF ) dependent sympathetic neurons , but their occupancy by NT 3 does not lead to neuronal survival . ^^^ When E 11 sympathetic neurons were cultured in the presence of NGF , trkC transcripts became undetectable , but high affinity specific NT 3 binding persisted . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia stimulated in culture by NGF and NT 3 embryonic day 9 ( E 9 ) produce neurites without raising the Brn 3a mRNA levels . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To facilitate its study , we and others have developed sensitive ( low pg / ml ) enzyme linked immunosorbant assays ( ELISA ) to quantitate endogenous concentrations of GDNF , along with neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and nerve growth factor ( NGF ) . ^^^ This procedure also was evaluated for use when measuring total endogenous levels of NT 3 and NGF from biological samples . ^^^ The acid treatment procedure increases the detectable amounts of GDNF , NT 3 , and NGF in all tissue samples and most of the serum samples tested . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These neurons are considered to be maintained by neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and trk family of neurotrophin receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Infusion of trkB IgG , which binds BDNF and NT 4 / 5 , inhibited the formation of OD patches within layer 4 , while trkA IgG and trkC IgG , which preferentially bind NGF and NT 3 , respectively , had no effect . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophin family of polypeptide growth factors , consisting of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) , are produced in limited amounts in target areas . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , members of the nerve growth factor ( NGF ) gene family , have been suggested to play a role in experience dependent modification of neural networks in the developing nervous system . ^^^ We recorded layer II / III field potentials and whole cell currents evoked by test stimulation of layer 4 at 0 . 1 Hz in visual cortical slices prepared from young rats ( postnatal day 15 25 ) and observed effects of BDNF , NT 3 , and NGF on these responses . ^^^ On the other hand , NT 3 and NGF had none of these effects . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Reproducible standard curves were generated with an EC 50 of approximately 16 ng / ml NGF for gD . trkA KIRA , 11 ng / ml for NT4 / 5 and 20 ng / ml for BDNF in gD . trkB KIRA , and 9 . 4 ng / ml for NT 3 in gD . trkC KIRA . ^^^ When the gD . trkA KIRA assay was used to quantify serum NGF or NT 3 following administration to rats , the assay agreed well with currently existing ELISA assays . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have used enriched dissociated , low density cultures of neonatal rat corticospinal motor neurons to evaluate the survival promoting effect of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) , and glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) and the ciliary neurotrophic factor ( CNTF ) . ^^^ Among the other factors tested , we also found that NT 4 and GDNF increased the number of surviving neurons in a dose dependent manner , whereas NGF , BDNF and NT 3 showed no survival promoting effect on corticospinal motor neurons . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two neuronal growth factors , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , have been studied for their action on the developing and mature sympathetic nervous system . 2 . ^^^ Antibodies to each factor have proved useful as reagents for the detection and quantification of NGF and NT 3 . ^^^ Like NGF , NT 3 is synthesized by effector tissues and is retrogradely transported by post ganglionic neurons to prevent cell death . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , HMC 1 cells expressed mRNAs for NGF , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , the cognate ligands for TrkA , TrkB , and TrkC , whereas NGF and BDNF transcripts were detectable in human umbilical cord blood mast cell preparations . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BDNF levels were relatively higher than NGF and NT 3 levels in these tissues . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have investigated the phylogenetic relationships of monotremes and marsupials using nucleotide sequence data from the neurotrophins ; nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ^^^ The analysis was performed with NGF , BDNF , or NT 3 sequence data used individually as well as with the three neurotrophins in a combined matrix , thereby simultaneously considering phylogenetic information from three separate genes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Addition of brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) or neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , but not nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , increased the survival of embryonic Xenopus spinal neurons in culture , although all three neurotrophins enhanced neurite outgrowth . ^^^ When applied as microscopic concentration gradients , both BDNF and NT 3 , but not NGF , induced the growth cone to grow toward the neurotrophin source . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neurotrophins NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 / 5 are members of the neurotrophin family of proteins , which support the survival and induce differentiation of vertebrate neurons . ^^^ BDNF and NT 4 / 5 cause growth cone collapse and transient neurite growth inhibition in NGF dependent or NT 3 dependent rat dorsal root ganglion ( DRG ) neurons but not in BDNF dependent or NT 4 / 5 dependent neurons , whereas NGF and NT 3 do not produce growth cone collapse in these neurons . ^^^ All neurotrophins show a chemoattractive effect on growth cones of embryonic DRG neurons : NGF and NT 3 are chemoattractants for all DRG neurons , except NT 3 dependent and NT 4 / 5 dependent neurons ; BDNF and NT 4 / 5 are chemoattractants only for BDNF dependent DRG neurons . ^^^ BDNF induced and NT 4 / 5 induced growth cone collapse is quantitatively characterized as a 50 % decrease in F actin content , total protein content , and area of growth cones of NGF dependent or NT 3 dependent neurons , and a reorganization of microfilaments . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunofluorescence with anti protein gene product 9 . 5 , anti 200 kDa neurofilament protein ( RT 97 ) , and anti calcitonin gene related product was used to label innervation in mystacial pads from mice with homozygous null mutations for nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) , the three tyrosine kinase receptors ( trkA , trkB , trkC ) , and the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor p 75 . ^^^ Second , consistent with the various affinities for particular trk receptors , the elimination of NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 has an impact comparable to or more complex than the absence of their most specific high affinity receptors : trkA , trkB , and trkC , respectively . ^^^ Third , most types of afferents are dependent on a different combination of neurotrophins and receptors for their survival : reticular and transverse lanceolate afferents are dependent upon NT 3 , NGF , and trkA ; Ruffini afferents upon BDNF and trkB ; longitudinal lanceolate afferents upon NGF , trkA , BDNF , and trkB ; and Merkel afferents on NGF , trkA , NT 3 , trkC , and p 75 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This NT 3 ( 10 ng / ml ) induced inhibition persisted even in the presence of 100 ng / ml NGF in the perfusion fluid and was still significant when the evoked release of SP LI was enhanced by a prolonged in vivo treatment with NGF . ^^^ Basal and electrically evoked release of SP LI from the rat spinal cord in vitro was not modified 24 hr after single systemic injection of either NGF ( 1 mg / kg ) or NT 3 ( 10 mg / kg ) . ^^^ At these time intervals from administration , NGF had induced thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in the rat hindpaw , and NT 3 had induced mechanical , but not thermal , hypoalgesia . ^^^ Although finding that NGF induced hyperalgesia does not clearly correlate with changes in the release of SP LI in the spinal cord , this study shows that NT 3 is an inhibitor of SP LI release and suggests that this mechanism may be responsible for NT 3 induced antinociception . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We examined the effects of the neurotrophins nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and BDNF on distal neurite elongation from adult rat dorsal root ganglion ( DRG ) neurons . ^^^ Neurons were plated in the center compartments of three chambered dishes in the absence of neurotrophin , and neurite extension into the distal ( side ) compartments containing NGF , BDNF , or NT 3 was quantitated . ^^^ In contrast to the effects of NGF , no distal neurite elongation was observed into compartments with BDNF or NT 3 . ^^^ To examine possible additive influences , neurite extension into compartments containing BDNF plus NGF or NT 3 plus NGF was quantitated . ^^^ There was no increased neurite extension into NGF plus NT 3 compartments , while the combination of BDNF plus NGF resulted in an inhibition of neurite extension compared with NGF alone . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In situ hybridization analysis revealed developmentally changing , distinct expression patterns for nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , which were shown not to be regulated by or dependent on peripheral innervation . ^^^ In addition , the expression patterns of NGF , NT 3 , and NT 4 / 5 as well as of neurotrophin receptors suggest that the neurotrophin system may also serve non neuronal functions during tooth development . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophins nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) are crucial target derived factors controlling the survival of peripheral sensory neurons during the embryonic period of programmed cell death . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Patch clamp and calcium imaging techniques were used to assess the acute effects of the neurotrophins , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , on the responses of cultured and acutely isolated hippocampal and cultured striatal neurons to the glutamate receptor agonist N methyl aspartic acid ( NMDA ) . ^^^ Similar enhancements were observed with NT 3 and NT 4 and with NGF despite the fact that hippocampal neurons lack TrkA receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophins nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) support the survival of subpopulations of primary sensory neurons with defined and distinct physiological characteristics . ^^^ Only a few genes have been identified as being differentially expressed in these subpopulations , and not much is known about the nature of the molecules involved in the processing of sensory information in NGF dependent nociceptive neurons or NT 3 dependent proprioceptive neurons . ^^^ We devised a simple dorsal root ganglion ( DRG ) explant culture system , allowing the selection of neuronal populations preferentially responsive to NGF or NT 3 . ^^^ The reliability of this assay was first monitored by the differential expression of the NGF and NT 3 receptors trkA and trkC , as well as that of neuropeptides and calcium binding proteins . ^^^ We then identified four differentially expressed sodium channels , two enriched in the NGF population and two others in the NT 3 population . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Since the highest concentration of neurotrophins [ NGF , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) ] is found in the hippocampus , the peptides were injected into the 3rd ventricle of anesthetized adult rats . ^^^ The ( NGF binding ) LRM 2 A peptide , but not the ( BDNF binding ) LRM 2 B or the ( NT 3 binding ) LRM 2 C peptides , caused severe apoptotic neurodegeneration of hippocampal pyramidal CA 1 neurons as revealed by cresyl violet staining and the TUNEL reaction . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In particular , we studied the 75 kDa low affinity receptor ( p 75 ) and the mRNA for its ligands , NGF and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ^^^ Messenger RNA for NGF and NT 3 was detected by reverse transcriptase in situ polymerase chain reaction technique and showed the same fluctuation of p 75 , being up regulated in acoustic schwannomas and very weak or absent in MPNST . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we found that treatment of 70W melanoma cells with neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) increased Matrigel invasion , whereas treatment with neurotrophins other than NGF or NT 3 did not influence invasion . ^^^ When 70W cells were exposed to antisense oligonucleotides directed against p75NTR mRNA , there was a reduction in NGF and NT 3 binding , and the neurotrophins failed to enhance Matrigel invasion . ^^^ Incubation of 70W cells with NGF or NT 3 but not brain derived neurotrophic factor , neurotrophin 4 / 5 or mutant NGF resulted in increased release of heparanase activity that was capable of degrading a subpopulation of heparan sulfate molecules . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Vehicle , NGF , or NT 3 treatment had no significant effect on cell size or GAP 43 and Talpha 1 tubulin expression . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In situ hybridization and Northern blot assay were used to evaluate the effects of exogenous AVP ( 4 8 ) on the transcription of mRNAs for nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) in the adult rat brain . ^^^ NGF and BDNF expression was found to be significantly enhanced by AVP ( 4 8 ) administration in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus , but NT 3 expression was not changed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Similarly , COS cells secreting recombinant semaphorin 3 are able to selectively repel DRG afferents whose growth is stimulated by NGF and not NT 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophins , NGF , BDNF , NT 3 and NT 4 , are one family in a growing repertoire of neurotrophic factors . ^^^ Lack of functional NGF , BDNF and NT 3 genes results in severe neuronal deficits and an early postnatal death . ^^^ Phenotypic analyses of mice lacking neurotrophin receptors , TrkA , B and C , confirm that TrkA is the functional receptor for NGF , TrkB acts as the primary receptor for BDNF and NT 4 , and NT 3 signals primarily through TrkC . ^^^ As a mechanism to explain programmed cell death that occurs in the developing nervous system , recent studies examining neurotrophin gene dosage effects suggest that the availability of neurotrophins , NGF , BDNF and NT 3 , may be limiting for some neuron populations . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) is a member of the family of neurotrophic factors , which also includes nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and which have specific activities on different subsets of vertebrate neurons . ^^^ It was possible to replace 80 % of the residues in NT 3 with NGF residues without loss of specific activity . ^^^ It is concluded that NGF and NT 3 use overlapping as well as separated regions for determination of specificities for their cognate receptors TrkA and TrkC , respectively . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This synergism is specific for NGF but not for the related neurotrophins BDNF and NT 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To address this issue , we used an in vitro coculture paradigm in which wild type 3T3 NIH fibroblasts or two different 3T3 cell clones stably expressing trkB T 1 receptors served as monolayer substrates upon which to evaluate the effect of trkB T 1 receptors on nonneuronal cells to influence neurotrophin ( NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 / 5 ) induced neurite outgrowth from retinoic acid ( RA ) treated SY5Y neuroblastoma cells . ^^^ In these experiments , BDNF and NT 4 / 5 induce the strongest neurite outgrowth , followed by NT 3 and then NGF . ^^^ In contrast , NGF induced neurite growth is unaffected and NT 3 associated growth is somewhat reduced . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The localization of the neurotrophins nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) was demonstrated immunohistochemically in discrete neuronal subsets of the human trigeminal ganglion at ages ranging from 23 weeks of gestation to adulthood . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ciliary neurotrophic factor ( CNTF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) but not glial derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) or nerve growth factor ( NGF ) were capable of significantly improving the rate of labeling . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In untreated cultures , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin ( NT ) 4 / 5 mRNAs were detected by use of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction but NT 3 mRNA was not . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The cell death was significantly suppressed by neurotrophic factors , NT 3 , NT 4 , BDNF , and GDNF , but not by NGF . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Our results show that GDF 5 has a minor promoting effect on its own , but it can enhance the survival promoting effect of neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and nerve growth factor ( NGF ) on cultured DRG neurons . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NGF is a member of the neurotrophin family of growth factors which in mammals also includes brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) . ^^^ These receptors are trkA , which binds NGF ; trkB , which binds both BDNF and NT 4 / 5 ; and trkC , which binds NT 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here , these neurotrophins had markedly different potencies to prevent the death of axotomized nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons when infused close to the rostral end of the nigral nucleus of adult rats ( NT 4 > BDNF > NT 3 ; nerve growth factor or NGF without effect ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recently it has become apparent that sympathetic neurons of rat superior cervical ganglia ( SCG ) acquire sensitivity to neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) before they become dependent on the target derived nerve growth factor ( NGF ) for their survival by sequential induction of TrkC and TrkA . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Sympathetic neurons require access to target derived diffusible neurotrophic factors such as NGF , NT 3 and GDNF , as well as to bound elements of the extracellular matrix such as laminin . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| By using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) , mRNAs for tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ) were detected in the transplanted cells , whereas results were negative for nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , or acidic fibroblast growth factor ( aFGF ) and basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we found that treatment of 70W melanoma cells with neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) increased Matrigel invasion , whereas treatment with neurotrophins other than NGF or NT 3 did not influence invasion . ^^^ When 70W cells were exposed to anti sense oligonucleotides directed against p75NTR mRNA , there was a reduction in NGF and NT 3 binding , and the neurotrophins failed to enhance Matrigel invasion . ^^^ Incubation of 70W cells with NGF or NT 3 , but not BDNF , NT 4 / 5 , or mutant NGF , resulted in increased release of heparanase activity that was capable of degrading a subpopulation of heparan sulfate molecules . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have examined the role of the p 75 neurotrophin receptor in survival promoting effects of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) on cultured Purkinje cells . ^^^ Previously , we showed that NGF promotes Purkinje cell survival in conjunction with ( 1S , 3R ) 1 aminocyclopentane 1 , 3 dicarboxylic acid ( ACPD ) , an agonist of metabotropic excitatory amino acid receptors , whereas NT 3 by itself increases cell number . ^^^ These data indicate the mediation of p 75 in the trophic response to NGF ACPD and a negative modulatory role of p 75 in the action of NT 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We quantitated mRNA levels of neurotrophins ( NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , NT 4 / 5 ) and their receptors ( trkA , trkB , trkC , p 75 ) in AD postmortem parietal cortex ( n = 16 ) and cerebellum ( n = 11 ) . ^^^ NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , NT 4 / 5 , as well as trkB , trkC and p 75 mRNA levels were unchanged in AD parietal cortex and cerebellum as compared to controls . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| As a step towards addressing these issues we have investigated the subcellular localization of epitope tagged nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) in neuroendocrine cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We studied the expression of neurotrophin receptors ( trk A , trk B , trk C ) and their responsiveness to neurotrophins ( NGF , BDNF , NT 3 ) in 25 human neuroblastomas using a primary culture system . ^^^ The tumours in early stages and stage 4s responded to both NGF and NT 3 , but not to BDNF , by surviving and differentiating terminally and the responsiveness was correlated with high levels of trk A , especially the neuronal isoform . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophin family of growth factors , which includes Nerve Growth Factor ( NGF ) , Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ( BDNF ) , Neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and Neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT4 / 5 ) bind and activate specific tyrosine kinase ( Trk ) receptors to promote cell survival and growth of different cell populations . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The brains were removed 4 h after the seizure and processed for in situ hybridization of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) mRNAs . ^^^ NGF and NT 3 mRNA expression was not altered . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Vagal afferent neurons retrogradely transported [ 125I ] neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , [ 125I ] nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , and [ 125I ] neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) to perikarya in the ipsilateral nodose ganglion , and transganglionically transported [ 125I ] NT 3 , [ 125I ] NGF , and [ 125I ] NT 4 to the central terminal field , the nucleus tractus solitarius ( NTS ) . ^^^ In contrast , efferent ( parasympathetic and motor ) neurons located in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and nucleus ambiguus retrogradely transported [ 125I ] BDNF , [ 125I ] NT 3 , and [ 125I ] NT 4 , but not [ 125I ] NGF . ^^^ The retrograde transport of [ 125I ] NT 3 to the nodose ganglion was reduced by NT 3 and by NGF , and the transport of [ 125I ] NGF was reduced only by NGF , whereas the transport of [ 125I ] NT 4 was significantly reduced by each of the neurotrophins . ^^^ The competition profiles for the transport of NT 3 and NGF are consistent with the presence of TrkA and TrkC and the absence of TrkB in the nodose ganglion , whereas the profile for NT 4 suggests a p 75 receptor mediated transport mechanism . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The septal area and the hippocampi were analyzed using the reverse transcriptase PCR method for quantitation of NGF , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , NT 3 , and NT 4 messenger RNA ( mRNA ) levels . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Most previous researches on neurotrophins including nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) have focused on the nervous system , because their receptors are widely distributed in neuronal tissues . ^^^ The transcripts of NGF , NT 3 , and TrkC ( high affinity receptor for NT 3 ) , and two BDNF alternative spliced transcript variants with exons 3 and 4 were clearly detected in VSMCs cultured under conventional culture conditions . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Next , we examined the survival promoting effects of NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 under apoptotic conditions of oxygen toxicity in naive cells and NGF deprivation in differentiated cells . ^^^ NT 3 prevented cell death induced by oxygen toxicity in naive cells , but not that induced by NGF deprivation in differentiated cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , NT 4 and GDNF in tooth development . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We report here that some members of the neurotrophin family ( NGF , betaNGF , NT 3 , and NT 5 ) can cross the BBB of mice in vivo to arrive at the brain parenchyma . ^^^ BBB permeability differed among individual neurotrophins in that NGF had the fastest influx rate ( Ki ) and NT 3 the slowest , and that the entry rate of NGF was twice that of its smaller bioactive subunit betaNGF . ^^^ Saturability of influx was suggested by self inhibition studies for NT 3 in vivo , and for NGF in an in situ brain perfusion system , indicating the presence of saturable transport systems . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunohistochemistry was used with antibodies to nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and NT 3 , their cognate high affinity receptors as well as to neuronal and glial markers . ^^^ TrkA , TrkB , and TrkC were observed in 5 ( 25 % ) , 8 ( 40 % ) , and 17 ( 85 % ) , respectively , of these medulloblastomas while NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 were observed in 6 ( 30 % ) , 8 ( 40 % ) , and 3 ( 15 % ) , respectively , and antibodies to neurofilament ( NF ) and glial fibrillary acidic proteins ( GFAP ) stained 16 ( 80 % ) and 11 ( 55 % ) , respectively . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ltrk has the highest sequence identity with the TrkC mammalian receptor and , when exogenously expressed in fibroblasts or COS cells , binds human NT 3 , but not NGF or BDNF , with an affinity of 2 . 5 nM . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of mRNAs for neurotrophins ( NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 ) and their receptors ( p75NGFR , trk , trkB , and trkC ) in human peripheral neuropathies . ^^^ The steady state mRNA levels of NGF , BDNF and NT 3 , and the mRNA levels of their receptors p75NGFR , trk , trkB , and trkC were examined in various human peripheral neuropathies , to determine the correlation with myelinated fiber pathology and T cell and macrophage invasions in the diseased nerves . ^^^ The NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 mRNA levels were elevated in the diseased nerves . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cultured human and freshly isolated bovine RPE cells demonstrated saturable specific binding for [ 125I ] labeled BDNF , NT 4 / 5 and NT 3 with little specific binding for CNTF and none for NGF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| MHC class 2 inducibility was enhanced by neutralization of neurotrophins produced locally within the cultured tissues and was inhibited by the addition of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , or neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ^^^ NGF and , to a lower extent , NT 3 acted directly on isolated microglia via the p 75 neurotrophin receptor and inhibited MHC class 2 inducibility as shown by blockade of the p 75 neurotrophin receptor with antibodies . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Among such neurotrophic factors , neurotrophin family ( NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , NT 4 ) and GDNF are most potent ones , and they have been demonstrated to express in the distal stump of the experimental nerve transection . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The protein family of mammalian neurotrophins , comprising nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 and 4 / 5 ( NT 3 , NT 4 / 5 ) , supports the survival and the phenotype of neurons from the central as well as the peripheral nervous system ( CNS , PNS ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| As well , expression of mRNAs for the neurotrophins NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 was examined . p 75 , trkA , and GAP 43 mRNAs were upregulated in DRGs from the NGF treated , but not the control animals . ^^^ Examination of the neurotrophin mRNAs confirmed the absence of neuronal NGF and NT 3 expression and the presence of neuronal BDNF mRNA . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Nerve fiber formation and catecholamine content in adult rat adrenal medullary transplants after treatment with NGF , NT 3 , NT 4 / 5 , bFGF , CNTF , and GDNF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophins NGF , BDNF , NT 3 and NT 4 have a wide range of effects in the development and regeneration of neural circuits in the visual system of vertebrates . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have investigated the distribution and morphology of hippocampal interneurons that express the neurotrophins nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) in the rat . ^^^ For this study , we combined in situ hybridization for the detection of NGF and NT 3 mRNAs and immunocytochemistry against the calcium binding proteins parvalbumin ( PARV ) , calretinin ( CALR ) , and calbindin ( CALB ) . ^^^ Moreover , the level of NGF mRNA expression was higher in PARV+ neurons than in CALR and CALB immunoreactive interneurons , whereas NT 3 message was expressed similarly in PARV+ and CALR+ neurons . ^^^ The present findings show a differential expression of NGF and NT 3 mRNAs in subsets of hippocampal interneurons and suggest that the expression of these transcripts depends on factors intrinsic to particular cell types . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Retinas taken from 8 to 10 day old Long Evans rats were dissociated and cultured in media supplemented with either nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , ciliary neurotrophic factor ( CNTF ) , or basic fibroblast growth factor ( FGF 2 ) . ^^^ Compared to untreated cultures , CNTF had no effect on RBC survival , while NGF and NT 3 increased survival only slightly . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We find that the sensitivity of growth cones of dorsal root ganglia ( DRG ) neurons to collapsin 1 differs when chronically cultured in BDNF , NT 3 , or NGF with those in BDNF most sensitive and those in NGF least sensitive . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Rabbit polyclonal antibodies against neurotrophins ( nerve growth factor NGF , brain derived neurotrophic factor BDNF and neurotrophin 3 NT 3 ) and against specific epitopes of TrkA , TrkB and TrkC proteins were used . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Rapid increase of NGF , BDNF and NT 3 mRNAs in inflamed bladder . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These findings indicated neurotrophin switching in the remaining spinal motoneurons of ALS patients from BDNF and NT 3 responsive to NGF responsive . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This review will discuss recent studies and examine the role members of the nerve growth factor family ( NGF , BDNF and NT 3 ) and trk receptors as well as additional growth factors ( GDNF , TGF alpha and IGF 1 ) may play in neurodegenerative disorders of the human brain . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mystacial pads were analyzed from newborn to 4 week old mice that had homozygous functional deletions of the genes for NGF , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) , tyrosine kinase ( trk ) A , trkB , trkC , or p 75 . ^^^ Mystacial pads were also analyzed in adult transgenic mice that had overproduction of NGF , BDNF , or NT 3 driven by a keratin promoter gene . ^^^ The cumulative results indicated that NGF / trkA signaling plays a major role in the outgrowth and proliferation of sensory axons , whereas NT 3 / trkA signaling plays a major role in the formation of sensory endings . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) is a member of the neurotrophin family of polypeptides that includes NGF , NT 3 , NT 4 / 5 and NT 6 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| INTRODUCTION : The neurotrophins are a family of proteins which are closely related structurally and functionally and include nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived nerve factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) and more recently neurotrophin 6 ( NT 6 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have recently presented results showing higher levels of neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) mRNA and improved spatial learning following environmental enrichment , and suggest that an interplay involving the neurotrophins NGF and NT 3 may be mediating experience induced structural changes . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Exogenous nerve growth factor ( NGF ; 20 ng / ml ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ; 20 ng / ml ) or neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ; 20 ng / ml ) was added to the cultures alone , or in combination with ethanol ( 400 mg / dl ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recent investigations into the localization and function of neurotrophins other than NGF , particularly BDNF and NT 3 , have provided evidence indicating that these molecules may not act in a manner consistent with the neurotrophic hypothesis , as originally postulated . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The granulocytes expressed mRNA coding for nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) , but not neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ^^^ In contrast , human bone marrow cells consistently expressed mRNA for trkB ( the BDNF and NT 4 receptor ) and displayed variable expression of mRNA coding for trkA ( the tyrosine kinase NGF receptor ) and LNGFR ( the low affinity NGF receptor ) , whereas mRNA for trkC ( the NT 3 receptor ) was not expressed . ^^^ Expression of mRNA encoding NGF and NT 3 was not detected . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These include nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and several recently identified members of the NGF family , namely brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) and neurotrophin 6 ( NT 6 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| All of the neurotrophins tested nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) , increased the secretion of plasminogen and urokinase type plasminogen activator and specific activity of acid phosphatase , but suppressed the release of constitutively produced and lipopolysaccharide stimulated nitric oxide ( NO ) from microglia . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neonatal rats received gelfoam impregnated with NGF , BDNF or NT 3 under the whisker pad following surgical denervation of whisker rows D and E on P 0 . ^^^ BDNF and NT 3 , but not NGF , promoted development of the cortical barrels corresponding to denervated whiskers . ^^^ Furthermore , BDNF and NT 3 prevented the lesion induced expansion of row C barrels , while NGF appeared to promote row C expansion . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated the retrograde axonal transport of 125I labeled neurotrophins ( NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 ) from the sciatic nerve to dorsal root ganglion ( DRG ) sensory neurons and spinal motor neurons in normal rats or after neuronal injury . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The protein family of the neurotrophins , consisting of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and Neurotrophin 3 , 4 / 5 , and 6 ( NT 3 ; NT 4 / 5 ; NT 6 ) is well known to enhance the survival and to stabilize the phenotype of different populations of neurons in the central and the peripheral nervous system . ^^^ The neurotrophins NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 and the BDNF and NT 3 selective receptors ( TrkB , TrkC ) are expressed at high levels in neurons of the basal forebrain , the hippocampus , and the neocortex of the mammalian brain . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Age related changes in the levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) in selected regions of brains from rats , normal mice and senescence accelerated mice were compared to those of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ^^^ In senescence accelerated mice with memory disturbances , no marked increases in levels of NGF and BDNF in the hippocampus and in the level of NT 3 in the cerebral cortex were found . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we demonstrate that NGF but not neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) or brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) induced apoptosis in p75NTR expressing human neuroblastoma SK N MC cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In contrast , NT 3 had limited effects , and NGF was without effect . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The overall structure of NT 3 resembles that of the other neurotrophins , NGF and BDNF ; each protomer forms a twisted four stranded beta sheet , with three intertwined disulfide bonds . ^^^ There are notable differences , however , between NT 3 and NGF in the surface loops and in three functionally important regions , shown in previous mutagenesis studies to be critical for binding . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neurotrophins act , in large part , through Trk receptor tyrosine kinases : nerve growth factor ( NGF ) via TrkA , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) via TrkB , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) via TrkC . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In combination with the neurotrophins ( NT ) nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and NT 3 , which are not neurotrophic for CG neurons , TGF beta significantly promotes CG neuron survival . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| When the effects of different neurotrophins on the survival of cerebellar granule neurons after glucose deprivation were assessed , BDNF , but not NT 3 or NGF , was found to protect cerebellar granule neurons against glucose deprivation induced cell death . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Surprisingly , growth factors , such as BDNF , bFGF , GDNF , NGF , NT 3 and EGF , demonstrated no ability to rescue striatal neurons in this model , suggesting that death was not solely caused by the absence of essential trophic factors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Such factors include , first , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and the other recently identified members of the neurotrophin family , namely , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) ; second , the neurokines ciliary neurotrophic factor ( CNTF ) and leukemia inhibitory factor ( LIF ) ; and third , the transforming growth factors ( TGFs ) beta and their distant relative , glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) supported striking terminal arborization of subsets of Bax / neurons , whereas NGF produced predominantly axon elongation in a different subset . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the present study , we examined the expression of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) mRNAs in the DRG after a peripheral nerve injury . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We examined the uptake and distribution of an antisense phosphorothioated oligodeoxynucleotide ( s ODN ) to c fos , rncfosr 115 , infused into the left cerebral ventricle of male Long Evans rats and the effect of this s ODN on subsequent Fos , NGF , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and actin expression . ^^^ That this effect of c fos antisense s ODN was specific to NGF was demonstrated by its lack of effect on the postischemic expression of the NT 3 and beta actin genes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The expression of the mRNAs of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and the neurotrophin receptor , TrkB , was studied in the rat hippocampus by in situ hybridization following normothermic ( 37 degreesC ) and protective hypothermic ( 33 degreesC ) transient cerebral ischemia of 15 min duration . ^^^ In the resistant dentate gyrus , normothermic ischemia transiently induced NGF mRNA at around 8 h of recovery , while the NT 3 mRNA levels were depressed over at least a 24 h recovery period . ^^^ Intraischemic hypothermia reduced the induction of NGF mRNA , while the increase of BDNF mRNA expression occurred earlier during recovery , and the post ischemic NT 3 mRNA depression was not affected . ^^^ We conclude that , the expressions of NGF , BDNF , NT 3 or TrkB mRNA in ischemia sensitive hippocampal subregions are not increased by protective hypothermia . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the present study we have evaluated changes in nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) mRNA expression induced by different glutamate receptor agonists injected into the neostriatum . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Indeed , many studies over the past five years have shown that neurotrophins , including nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , NT 4 / 5 and brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , have both rapid and long latency influences on synaptic strength . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophins NGF and NT 3 reduce sensory neuronal loss in adult rat after peripheral nerve lesion . ^^^ For a period of 4 weeks , animals received either no treatment , continuous intrathecal infusion of phosphate buffer , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , or brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) . ^^^ BDNF application was virtually non effective , while NGF or NT 3 resulted in a greater number of FB labelled neurons compared to normal controls . ^^^ This suggests that NGF and NT 3 are survival factors for adult sensory neurons with a therapeutic potential in peripheral nerve injuries . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have investigated the effects of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) on the intraspinal regeneration of anterogradely labeled axotomized ascending primary sensory fibers in the adult rat . ^^^ With infusion of NT 3 , sensory fiber outgrowth was similar to that seen with NGF , but with BDNF fewer fibers reached farther distances into the cord . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Among these , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) are particularly important for sensory neurons . ^^^ Each neurotrophin has its preferred receptor , i . e . trkA for NGF , and trkC for NT 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The protocol presented here details a technique which enables the neurotrophins nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) , and brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) to be labelled using 125I and the bioactivity of these labelled proteins determined using an in vivo bioassay . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Of these proteins , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor , neurotrophin ( NT 3 ) and NT 4 / 5 appear to be important for the development and maintenance of peripheral neurons , but others , including insulin like growth factors ( IGFs ) , may also be involved . ^^^ Studies with NGF , NT 3 , IGF 1 and IGF 2 both in vitro and in animal models of neuropathies ( including DPN ) suggest that these factors ameliorate nerve degeneration . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Feeding the mice a Trp deficient diet for 2 weeks significantly decreased in the hippocampal level of NGF but not those of BDNF and NT 3 , as compared with feeding an adequate Trp diet . ^^^ The levels of BDNF in the cerebral cortex were also significantly lower in the mice fed on a Trp deficient diet , while the levels of NGF and NT 3 in the region were not modulated upon feeding of the diet . ^^^ The dietary Trp level had no significant effect on the levels of NGF , BDNF , or NT 3 in the entorhinal cortex nor septum of the mice . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The growth factors studied include : nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , ciliary neurotrophic factor ( CNTF ) , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) and transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Among the other members of the neurotrophin family , neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) and to a lesser extent neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) also increased tPA mRNA expression , while nerve growth factor ( NGF ) was devoid of any effect . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Application of exogenous neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) increased NPY and somatostatin protein levels in long term but not short term cultures , while nerve growth factor ( NGF ) had no effect . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NGF antagonizes brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) mediated survival in control but not p75NTR deficient motoneurons . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present study examined survival and growth enhancing effects of cortical cells on basal forebrain cholinergic neurons ( BFCNs ) in culture and the degree to which endogenous nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) contribute to those trophic effects . ^^^ Function neutralizing antibodies to NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 were employed to determine whether they would block the trophic effects of cortical neurons on postnatal BFCNs . ^^^ Treatment of pure BF cultures with exogenous NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 increased the number of AChE ( + ) neurons but did not reproduce the morphologic enhancement of cortical cells on BFCNs . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Our results suggest that the BIT SHP 2 signaling pathway is a novel signal transduction mechanism of neurons that acts in response to neurotrophic factors such as NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical techniques , we have now found that nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) synthesis is upregulated in satellite cells surrounding neurons in lesioned DRG as early as 48 h after nerve injury . ^^^ Quantitative analysis showed that the levels of mRNAs for NT 3 and NGF increased in ipsilateral but not contralateral DRG after nerve injury . ^^^ Further , antibodies specific to NGF or NT 3 , delivered by an osmotic mini pump to the DRG via the lesioned L 5 spinal nerve , significantly reduced noradrenergic sprouting . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| As both nerve growth factor and neurotrophin 3 are known to affect the development of a variety of neurons expressing the brain derived neurotrophic factor ( bdnf ) gene , this assay was used to determine levels in tissues isolated from newborn mice carrying a null mutation in the nerve growth factor ( ngf ) or the neurotrophin 3 ( nt 3 ) gene . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| After axotomy and during peripheral nerve regeneration , the neurotrophins NGF , NT 3 and BDNF show a well defined and selective beneficial effect on the survival and phenotypic expression of primary sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia and of motoneurons in spinal cord . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , it is as yet unknown whether other members of the NGF family of neurotrophins , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) , also modulate keratinocyte proliferation in situ . ^^^ Co administration of NGF neutralizing antibody failed to abrogate the stimulatory effect of NT 3 on keratinocyte proliferation in skin organ culture . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Interestingly , astrocytes of various brain regions show differing patterns of cytokine induced NT expression : NGF is maximally induced in cortex and hippocampus , NT 3 in hippocampus , and NT 4 / 5 in cortex and cerebellum . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NGF , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , NT 4 / 5 and NT 3 were injected locally into the hind paw of rats , and the behavioral response to noxious heat was compared with that from the other paw that received an identical injection of vehicle . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We found elevation in a number of factors as early as 3 days following the lesion , including neurotrophins BDNF , NT 3 , NGF and the insulin like growth factor IGF 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NT 3 , like NGF , is required for survival of sympathetic neurons , but not their precursors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using RT PCR we were able to identify in cultures of meningeal derived fibroblasts mRNAs for beta NGF , NT 3 , aFGF and bFGF , which suggests that the promoting effect on axonal regeneration of these cells is at least in part due to their capacity to synthesize neurotrophic factors . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| With regard to the sympathoadrenal cell lineage , which gives rise to sympathetic neurons and chromaffin cells , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and nerve growth factor ( NGF ) are thought to influence developing sympathetic neurons . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophins NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 each bind to the p 75 receptor and also more selectively to members of the Trk family of receptor tyrosine kinases . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The three neurotrophins identified in the chick , namely , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , are expressed in either the pigment epithelium ( NT 3 and BDNF ) or in the neural retina ( NGF ) at the onset of neuron birth . ^^^ Thus , NT 3 promotes the conversion of neuroepithelial cells into neurons , whereas BDNF and NGF control the programmed cell death ( apoptosis ) that affects early postmitotic neuroblasts . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These molecules , which include the nerve growth factor ( NGF ) related peptides , NGF , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , NT 4 / 5 and NT 3 , promote differentiation and survival in the developing nervous system , and to a lesser extent in the adult nervous system . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RT PCR for neurotrophin family members revealed that cultures of both human brain and umbilical cord derived ECs produced brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) mRNA , but no detectable NGF , NT 3 , or NT 4 mRNA . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Its action is neutralized by neurotrophins , such as nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) through apoptotic cell death . ^^^ They require the additional presence of a neurotrophin ( NGF , BDNF , or NT 3 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Uniform exposure of TrkA expressing neurons to NGF resulted in a cross desensitization of turning responses induced by a gradient of netrin 1 , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , or myelin associated glycoprotein ( MAG ) but not by a gradient of collapsin 1 / semaphorin III / D or neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Studies of transgenic mice that overexpress neurotrophins NGF and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) at high levels in skin have shown increased sensory neuron number and enhanced innervation of specific sensory ending types . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To determine the role of the p 75 neurotrophin receptor ( p75NTR ) in sympathetic neuron development , we crossed transgenic mice with mutations in p75NTR , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ^^^ Thus , without p75NTR , NT 3 substitutes for NGF , suggesting that p 75 alters the neurotrophin specificity of TrkA in vivo . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophins nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and NT4 / 5 are all found in the developing cerebellum . ^^^ BDNF and NT4 / 5 increased BPN neuron survival , neurite outgrowth , growth cone size , and elongation rate , while neither NT 3 nor NGF increased survival or outgrowth . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Three trk receptor subtypes are known at present , trk A , trk B and trk C , which preferentially bind NGF , BDNF and NT 3 respectively . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The selective effects of the N 4 , L 38 , and NGFbeta peptide domains of precursor NGF , along with the remaining members of the neurotrophin family , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) , were examined for their ability to stimulate growth of prostate tumor epithelial cells in an assay of soft agar colony formation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophic factors , including nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , have been reported to be effective in enhancing neuronal survival against aminoglycoside ototoxicity in vivo . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effect of NT 3 was variable , whereas NGF and CNTF had no effects upon neurite elongation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Much more is known about nerve growth factor ( NGF ) signaling than that initiated by brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , or NT 4 . ^^^ These data suggest that the earliest signaling events for BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 are very similar to those for NGF . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the testis of an 18 wk gestational age human fetus , immunohistochemical analysis has shown intense immunoreactivity of mesenchymal cells to antibodies for neurotrophin receptors p 75 , trk A , and trk C , and their ligands NGF and NT 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we review of the effects of NT 3 on spindle afferent fibers and NGF on nociceptive afferents and consider possible extension of the neurotrophic hypothesis to adults . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Acute stimulation of RA predifferentiated SH SY5Y cells with brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , or neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) , but not nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , induces Trk autophosphorylation , followed by phosphorylation of Akt and the extracellular signal regulated kinases ( ERKs ) 1 and 2 . ^^^ In addition , BDNF , NT 3 , or NT 4 / 5 , but not NGF , promotes cell survival and neurite outgrowth in serum free medium . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we provide evidence , using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) , of decreased levels of neurotrophin ( nerve growth factor , NGF ; brain derived neurotrophic factor , BDNF ; neurotrophin 3 , NT 3 ; and neurotrophin 4 , NT 4 ) mRNAs in target muscles . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Several other trophic factors and receptors were investigated , including NGF , NT 3 , GDNF , trkC and p 75 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NGF and NT 3 elicited neurotrophin induced release of glutamate as well as BDNF from the cerebellar granule neurons . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Changes in levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) in various regions of the rat brain following kainic acid induced seizure activity were investigated . ^^^ In contrast , levels of NGF and NT 3 decreased 24 h after the administration of kainic acid . ^^^ Hippocampal mRNAs for NGF and NT 3 increased and decreased , respectively , in kainic acid treated rats . ^^^ Our results show that kainic acid treatment increases levels of BDNF , but not NGF or NT 3 , in various regions of the rat brain , other than the cerebellum . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have compared the effect of the neurotrophins nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and NT 3 , and of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) on neurite outgrowth in dissociated cultures of sensory neurons from the lumbar ganglia of young adult rats , and attempted to establish subset specific effects of these trophic factors . ^^^ BDNF exerted an inhibitory effect on growth , and both BDNF and NT 3 could partially block some of the growth promoting effects of NGF on specific neuronal subpopulations . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of receptor mediated signaling by the neurotrophins NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and NT4 / 5 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Binding of four mammalian neurotrophins , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) , to p75NTR is studied by molecular modeling based on 10 ray structures of the neurotrophins and the extracellular domain of p55TNFR , a homologue of p75NTR . ^^^ The additional involvement of Arg 80 and Glu 53 is specific for NGF and BDNF , respectively , and Glu 73 participates in binding with NT 3 and NT 4 / 5 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A common mechanism for recombinant human NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and murine NGF slow unfolding . ^^^ The recombinant human nerve growth factor ( hNGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT4 / 5 ) , and murine NGF ( mNGF ) dimers all undergo rapid unfolding and dissociation to monomer in GdnHCl . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Primary explants of chick DRGs were treated with the neurotrophins nerve growth factor ( NGF ) or neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and with the compound K252a . ^^^ The results show a dose dependent outgrowth of neurites from explants treated with NGF , NT 3 and K252a , and potentiation of the NT 3 response by K252b . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present study reveals the expression of NGF and BDNF mRNAs in the intermediate plus posterior lobe ( IL+PL ) as well , and the previously unidentified NT 3 mRNA in the AL and IL+PL . ^^^ In addition , NGF , BDNF and NT 3 mRNAs are expressed by dissociated AL cells and IL+PL cells , demonstrating their in situ synthesis in endocrine cells of the gland . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effects of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) on GAP 43 immunoreactivity in dissociated primary cultures of rat and chick dorsal root ganglia have been compared to results obtained by cell counting . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of wild type p75NTR created a state of neurotrophin dependence : cells could be rescued by nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , or neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , but not by a mutant NGF that binds well to Trk A but poorly to p75NTR . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These studies were performed to determine the developmental expression pattern of neurotrophic factor ( NTF : nerve growth factor ( betaNGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , glial derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , ciliary neurotrophic factor ( CNTF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and NT 4 mRNA and NGF , NT 3 and NT 4 protein in the urinary bladder of the postnatal Wistar rat . ^^^ In general , NGF , NT 3 and NT 4 urinary bladder protein levels in early postnatal development , as determined by ELISA , were similar when compared to the corresponding mRNA expression . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cerebrospinal fluid concentration of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) was measured in normal developing rat from birth to postnatal day ( PND ) 21 by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay . ^^^ NGF levels were significantly higher than those of BDNF and NT 3 from PND 1 21 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Several years ago , we put forward the hypothesis that neurotrophic factors of the neurotrophin family ( NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , NT 4 ) have a role in mediating the effects of visual experience in the developing visual system . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intrathecally delivered trophic molecules nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) on substance P ( SP ) release and content in the rat spinal cord and SP content in sciatic nerve . ^^^ NGF but not NT 3 and GDNF treatment caused a significant increase in basal SP outflow ; NGF , NT 3 but not GDNF increased C fibre stimulation evoked SP release , and capsaicin superfusion induced SP release . ^^^ The increase in C fibre stimulation evoked SP release over basal outflow was greater in NGF than NT 3 treated cords , and nociceptive threshold testing showed that intrathecal NGF , but not NT 3 or GDNF treatment was associated with thermal hyperalgesia . ^^^ These results suggest that : ( 1 ) NGF tonically regulates the central synaptic function of SP containing primary afferents ; ( 2 ) increased SP release from the spinal cord is not necessarily associated with behavioural hyperalgesia as in NT 3 treated rats there was increased SP release but no detectable hyperalgesia ; and ( 3 ) because A fibre stimulation failed to increase SP release in any group , these neurotrophins are unlikely to be responsible for the de novo upregulation of SP in large afferents seen after peripheral inflammation or nerve injury . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In adult rats with injured dorsal roots , treatment with nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , but not brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , resulted in selective regrowth of damaged axons across the dorsal root entry zone and into the spinal cord . ^^^ Dorsal horn neurons were found to be synaptically driven by peripheral nerve stimulation in rats treated with NGF , NT 3 and GDNF , demonstrating functional reconnection . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This effect was specific to BDNF , because neither nerve growth factor ( NGF ) nor neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) prevented NO induced growth cone collapse and axon retraction . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NT 3 levels in the plantar skin were much higher than NGF levels ( 1 . 24 and 0 . 14 ng / g tissue , respectively ) before CFA injection , but decreased significantly 6 h to 48 h after the injection while NGF was markedly induced at 6 h but decreased thereafter . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunohistochemical labelling was used to address specific deposition of BDNF , NGF , NT 3 , bFGF , CNTF and IGF 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| For the neurotrophins , the evolution of NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 as a family implies that these signaling molecules may be involved in mediating additional neural activities , such as learning , memory , and behavior . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Thus , LPS increased the expression of NGF , BDNF and NT 3 in splenocytes and B cells , whereas Con A increased the mRNA of NT 3 and NT 4 in T cells and NGF expression in splenocytes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| GABA ( B ) receptor antagonists elevate both mRNA and protein levels of the neurotrophins nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) but not neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) in brain and spinal cord of rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neurotrophins , including nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , are critical for the maintenance and plasticity of central nervous system ( CNS ) neurons . ^^^ Three sets of studies determined the distribution of NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 expressing neurons , the frequency of neurons coexpressing NGF and BDNF , and the frequency of neurons expressing a neurotrophin and its associated high affinity receptor . ^^^ The distribution of NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 immunoreactive neurons was identical . ^^^ About 70 % of the neurons in layers II / III and 5 coexpressed NGF and BDNF or coexpressed NGF and NT 3 . ^^^ For example , nearly 70 % of the NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 positive neurons in layer 5 colabeled with their respective high affinity receptors , i . e . , trkA , trkB , and trkC , respectively . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We therefore compared the effects of all neurotrophins , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) on visual cortical plasticity and on cell spontaneous and visually evoked activity . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : Transcription of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , NT 4 , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , and receptors Trk A E , was investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction . ^^^ RESULTS : Transcription of NGF , NT 3 , BDNF , and Trk A , Trk B , Trk C , and Trk E receptors was detected in both ex vivo and cultured epithelium and stroma . ^^^ Levels of transcription were higher for NT 3 , NT 4 , and the Trk receptors and lower for NGF , BDNF , and GDNF . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the subacute phase , expression of NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , p75LNGFR and Trk B mRNAs began to increase in the nonneuronal cells and neuronal cells from 6 h , and peaked at 24 72 h in the area where expression of mRNAs for IEGs and cytokines overlapped . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , p75NTR / NADE induced cell death was dependent on NGF but not BDNF , NT 3 , or NT 4 / 5 , and the recruitment of NADE to p75NTR ( intracellular domain ) was dose dependent . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The microinjection of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) into the rostral pontine tegmentum of adult cats rapidly induces long lasting episodes of rapid eye movement ( REM ) sleep [ J . ^^^ Furthermore , the results support the hypothesis that NGF and NT 3 may modulate the electrical activity of neurons in the rostral pontine tegmentum that are responsible for the generation of REM sleep by acting on one or more of the neurotrophin receptors . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Localizations of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) at the fracture callus were also investigated by immunostaining , and their mitochondrial RNA ( mRNA ) expressions were investigated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) . ^^^ On the other hand , localization of NGF was observed in almost all bone forming cells , localization of BDNF was observed in osteoblast like cells , and localization of NT 3 was observed in osteoblast like cells and hypertrophic chondrocytes at the fracture callus . ^^^ Expression levels of the mRNA of three neurotrophins in the fractured rib were increased during the process of healing , especially those of NGF and NT 3 , which peaked at 2 days after the fracture . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neonatal rats were exposed to ethanol throughout gestation , or during the early postnatal period ( postnatal days 4 10 ( P 4 10 ) ) , and enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assays were subsequently conducted in order to assess nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) protein content in hippocampus , septum , cortex / striatum and cerebellum . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Exogenous neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) increased , but nerve growth factor ( NGF ) decreased basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) production in Mller cells , which can directly rescue photoreceptor apoptosis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : In contrast to previously studied normal retinal precursor cells , Y 79 cells not only express nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and p 75 , but also the corresponding high affinity receptors TrkA , TrkB , and TrkC . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| GDNF , BDNF , and NT 4 , but not NT 3 or NGF , stimulate geniculate axon outgrowth during the ages investigated , embryonic days 12 14 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have analysed the expression of the retinoic acid receptors ( RARs ) and the retinoid 10 receptors ( RXRs ) in NGF , NT 3 and BDNF dependent neurons isolated from embryonic day ( E ) 13 . 5 mouse DRG . ^^^ We show that each population of neurons expressed each of the three RXRs , ( alpha ) , ( beta ) and ( gamma ) ; however , whilst the NGF and NT 3 dependent neurons expressed each of the RARs ( alpha ) , ( beta ) and ( gamma ) , the BDNF dependent neurons only expressed RAR ( alpha ) and ( beta ) . ^^^ When retinoic acid was added to each of the neuronal classes only the NGF and NT 3 dependent neurons responded by extending neurites , and this response involved the upregulation of RAR ( beta ) ( 2 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : Nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) are members of the neurotrophin gene family that support the survival of specific neuronal populations , including those that are affected by neurodegeneration in Alzheimer disease ( AD ) . ^^^ METHODS : We quantitated protein levels of NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 / 5 , and calculated neurotrophin / NT 3 ratios in AD affected postmortem hippocampus , frontal and parietal cortex , and cerebellum , and compared them with age matched control tissue ( patients with AD / controls : hippocampus , 9 / 9 cases ; frontal cortex , 19 / 9 ; parietal cortex , 8 / 5 ; and cerebellum , 5 / 7 , respectively ) . ^^^ Levels of NGF and NGF / NT 3 ratio were significantly elevated in the group with AD compared with the control group in the hippocampus and frontal cortex ( P < . 001 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Rats were placed in the different environments at 2 months of age and 12 months later brain regions were dissected and analyzed for NGF , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) levels using Promega ELISA kits . ^^^ These findings demonstrate significant alterations in NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 protein levels in several brain regions as a result of an enriched versus an isolated environment and thus provide a possible biochemical basis for behavioral and morphological alterations that have been found to occur with a shifting environmental stimulus . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| With the aim of determining if the proportion of rabies virus ( RV ) infected adult neurons from dorsal root ganglion are affected by in vitro treatment with different neurotrophins , experiments using Nerve Growth Factor ( NGF ) , Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ( BDNF ) or Neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) as supplements for cells in culture were performed . ^^^ NGF ( 2 ngml ( 1 ) and 10 ngml ( 1 ) ) and NT 3 ( 1 ngml ( 1 ) and 5 ngml ( 1 ) ) induced a significant reduction of infected neurons . ^^^ In addition , morphometric analysis of total and virus immunoreactive neurons in culture were carried out , the neurotrophin treatment induced variations in the profile of neurons preferentially infected , since cell diameters in the infected cell population are different in the presence of NGF and NT 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cerebellopontine angle cisternal infusion of NGF , BDNF and NT 3 : effects on cochlear neurons disconnected from central target , cochlear nucleus . ^^^ We examined the in vivo effectiveness of the neurotrophins ( NGF , BDNF and NT 3 ) on cochlear neuronal survival using our in vivo model , in which the central connection alone was selectively and quantitatively interrupted . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neurotrophins , such as NGF , BDNF and NT 3 play a regulatory role on the function of microglial cells in vivo and in vitro , and the identification of new compounds with neurotrophic properties is becoming a new strategy for the prevention and / or treatment of neurodegenerative disorders . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Antisera specific to nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) significantly reduced the sympathetic sprouting and the formation of baskets . ^^^ The effect of BDNF antiserum occurred earlier and lasted longer than those of NGF and NT 3 antisera . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : The pretreatment with anti NGF or anti NT 3 caused a significant 2 3 fold increase in the severity of the experimental inflammation as assessed by a macroscopic damage score , histologic ulceration score , and myeloperoxidase activity in the tissue . ^^^ NGF mRNA was slightly up regulated after NGF immunoneutralization , but NT 3 mRNA was unchanged by NT 3 immunoneutralization . ^^^ CGRP mRNA was not significantly changed after 1 week of colitis by NGF or NT 3 immunoneutralization , whereas beta preprotachykinin mRNA was up regulated after immunoneutralization . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : These findings suggest a regulatory role for NGF and NT 3 in experimental inflammation of the gut . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Whereas the TrkA ligand nerve growth factor ( NGF ) has long been known to regulate both the survival and the expression of noradrenergic traits in sympathetic neurons , the role of TrkC and of its ligand neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) has remained unclear . ^^^ In sympathetic chain explants , transcripts of the cholinergic marker genes choline acetyltransferase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide were strongly enriched in the presence of NT 3 compared with NGF , whereas the noradrenergic markers tyrosine hydroxylase and norepinephrine transporter were reduced . ^^^ The effects of NT 3 are reversed and antagonized by NGF . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Differential effects of NGF and NT 3 on embryonic trigeminal axon growth patterns . ^^^ We examined the effects of neurotrophins nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) on trigeminal axon growth patterns . ^^^ Embryonic ( E 13 15 ) wholemount explants of the rat trigeminal pathway including the whisker pads , trigeminal ganglia , and brainstem were cultured in serum free medium ( SFM ) or SFM supplemented with NGF or NT 3 for 3 days . ^^^ Additionally , we cultured dissociated trigeminal ganglion cells in the presence of NGF , NT 3 , or NGF+NT 3 . ^^^ In these cultures too , NGF led to axon elongation and NT 3 to axon arborization . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| At least four of the five known neurotrophins , including nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) , and their receptors ( p 75 NTR , trkA , trkB and trkC ) are present in the developing ovary . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neurotrophins including nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) are known to play important roles in the survival , proliferation , differentiation , and / or maintenance of function in several tissues including neuronal tissues . ^^^ In the present study , we assessed the temporal change in gene expression of neurotrophins , NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 , and their receptors , low affinity neurotrophin receptor ( p75NTR ) and Trks A , B , and C , by RT PCR technique in the liver of rats treated with lead nitrate ( LN ; 0 . 1 mmol / kg body weight ) , an inducer of liver hyperplasia . ^^^ The mRNAs for NGF , BDNF with exon 4 , NT 3 , p75NTR , and all Trk members were detected in the LN untreated liver . ^^^ LN treatment resulted in increases in the levels of NGF , BDNF with exon 4 , NT 3 , p75NTR , and TrkA mRNAs and further led to expression of BDNF mRNA with exon 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although NGF , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) accelerated catagen in the organ cultured skin of C57BL / 6 mice , these neurotrophins failed to promote catagen development in the organ cultured p75NTR null skin . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the present study , the changes in expression of the neurotrophins ( NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 ) and their cognate receptors ( i . e . , trk and p75NTR ) during the progression of normal prostatic epithelial cells to malignancy were documented . ^^^ METHODS : Immmunocytochemistry , RT PCR , and ELISA assays were used to characterize the changes in the neurotrophin ligands ( i . e . , NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 ) and their cognate high affinity ( i . e . , trk A , B , and C ) and low affinity neurotrophin ( i . e . , p 75 NTR ) receptors in normal vs . malignant human prostatic tissues . ^^^ In contrast , malignant prostate epithelial cells directly secrete a series of neurotrophins ( i . e . , NGF , BDNF , and / or NT 3 ) and express at least one if not more of the trk receptor proteins ( i . e . , trk A , B , and / or C ) , while no longer expressing the p75NTR receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : The neurotrophins , which include nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , NT 4 / 5 and NT 6 , are a family of proteins that play fundamental roles in the differentiation , survival and maintenance of peripheral and central neurons . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Specifically identified were amplification products for the following NTs : NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 . ^^^ Immunoassays ( ELISA ) detected BDNF , NT 4 , NGF , and NT 3 in the culture media from HTM cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : Immunocytochemistry and Western blot analyses were performed using primary antibodies raised against NTs ( nerve growth factor [ NGF ] , brain derived neurotrophic factor [ BDNF ] , NT 3 , and NT 4 / 5 ) and NT receptors ( TrkA , TrkB , TrkC , and p75NTR ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Mature nodose and petrosal ganglia neurons ( placodally derived afferent neurons of the vagal and glossopharyngeal nerves ) contain TrkA and TrkC , and transport specific neurotrophins [ nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) ] . ^^^ NGF , NT 3 and NT 4 ( 10 100 ng / ml ) were applied ( 5 days ) to dissociated , enriched , cultures of mature nodose / petrosal ganglia neurons , and the neurons processed for tyrosine hydroxylase ( TH ) , vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP ) , calcitonin gene related peptide ( CGRP ) and neurofilament ( NF 200 ) immunocytochemistry . ^^^ These data , coupled with previous evidence for the presence of TrkA and TrkC mRNA and of the retrograde transport of NGF and NT 3 , suggest important roles for NGF and NT 3 in the maintenance of transmitter phenotype of these mature visceral afferent neurons . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The current study examines the expression and potential actions of neurotropin 3 ( NT 3 ) , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , and their receptors during morphological sex determination ( seminiferous cord formation ) and perinatal rat testis development . ^^^ In P 0 testis cultures , both NT 3 and NGF alone and in combination stimulated thymidine incorporation into DNA . ^^^ Therefore , the neurotropins are involved in embryonic morphological events ( cord formation ; NT 3 ) and in growth of the perinatal testis ( P 0 ; NT 3 and NGF ) . ^^^ In summary , observations suggest that NT 3 , NGF , trk A , and trk C are localized to cells critical to seminiferous cord formation and appear to be important regulators of morphological sex determination . ^^^ In addition to these morphological effects , both NT 3 and NGF stimulate P 0 testis growth and may elicit their action through altering the expression of locally produced growth factors such as TGF alpha and TGF beta . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| After 3 days in vitro , a higher number of DRG neurons expressed galectin 3 in the presence of NGF ( 65 + / 7 % ) than in the presence of brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF , 30 + / 3 % ) or neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 , 34 + / 3 % ) . ^^^ After 7 days in vitro , these numbers dropped to 51 + / 3 % ( for NGF ) , 0 % ( for BDNF ) and 8 + / 4 % ( for NT 3 ) , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BDNF , NT 3 and NGF induce distinct new Ca2+ channel synthesis in developing hippocampal neurons . ^^^ Here we show that BDNF , NGF and NT 3 ( 10 100 ng / mL ) exhibit a selective long term up regulation of voltage gated Ca2+ current densities in developing hippocampal neurons of 6 20 days in culture . ^^^ NGF and NT 3 appear more effective in up regulating L currents , while BDNF predominantly acts on non L currents ( N , P / Q and R ) . ^^^ The EC 50 was comparable for BDNF , NGF and NT 3 ( 10 16 ng / mL ) while the time of half maximal activation was significantly longer for NGF compared to BDNF ( 58 vs . 25 h ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Extensive analyses with various techniques demonstrated that HAEC and immortalized HAEC synthesize and release brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and nerve growth factor ( NGF ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , NT 3 and low ( p 75 ) and high affinity ( Trks ) NT receptors were investigated by immunocytochemistry in cytospin centrifuged preparations of human alveolar macrophages . ^^^ Approximately 2 . 5 % alveolar macrophages were immunoreactive for NGF , whereas no macrophages displaying immunoreactivity for BDNF or NT 3 were observed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We show immunoreactivity to antibodies to nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophin ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) , the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor p 75 and the high affinity tyrosine kinase receptors ( Trk ) B and C in hepatic stellate cells and weak reactivity for BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 / 5 in hepatocytes , in cryosections of human and rat liver , in normal and varying pathologic conditions . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These effects required at least 48 hr exposure to the neurotrophin and were specific for trkB , because they were not seen with the trkA or trkC ligands NGF or NT 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Sensory axons , but rarely motor axons , were targeted to ectopically placed beads containing any of the neurotrophins NGF , BDNF , NT 3 or NT 4 / 5 . ^^^ Conversely , a combination of function blocking monoclonal antibodies to NGF , BDNF and NT 3 dramatically inhibited elongation of both sensory and motor axons in the limb bud , indicating that the growth of mixed nerves is dependent upon neurotrophins during development . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Most studies have focused on the nerve growth factor ( NGF ) / TrkA pathway in peripheral neurons , and little is known regarding the other neurotrophins , particularly neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) / TrkC . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have used RNase protection assay to measure mRNA levels of the neurotrophins nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and their trkC and trkB receptors , as well as the growth factors insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) and basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) , in the cerebellum and hippocampus of BDV infected and control rats at different time points p . i . ^^^ Reduced mRNA expression levels of NT 3 , BDNF and NGF were found after day 14 p . i . in the hippocampus , but not in the cerebellum , of newborn infected rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This study examined whether continuous intramedullary infusion of brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , or neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) had either an early neuroprotective effect or a delayed effect on regeneration after spinal cord injury ( SCI ) in adult rats . ^^^ BDNF , NGF , NT 3 or vehicle was infused at a rate of 625 ng / h into the SCI site at T 3 through an implanted cannula attached to an osmotic pump . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The survival and growth of embryonic and postnatal sympathetic neurons is dependent on both NGF and NT 3 . ^^^ Saturating concentrations of NGF and NT 3 are equipotent in promoting neurite extension and branching . ^^^ However , we find that NGF is more potent than NT 3 in promoting neurite growth , irrespective of postnatal age . ^^^ The growth promoting effects of NGF and NT 3 are almost entirely blocked by K252a , demonstrating that these effects are mediated via activation of Trk receptors , which therefore appear to remain crucial to plasticity of adult neurons . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RNase protection assay revealed that cultivated skin derived cells express nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) . ^^^ We conclude that skin derived cells stimulate neurite growth from sensory neurons in vitro , that these cells produce NGF , BDNF , NT 3 and NT 4 and that 3T3 fibroblasts producing NT 3 mimic the effect of skin derived cells on sensory neurons in co culture . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In archived neonatal blood of children with autistic spectrum disorders ( n = 69 ) , mental retardation without autism ( n = 60 ) , or cerebral palsy ( CP , n = 63 ) and of control children ( n = 54 ) , we used recycling immunoaffinity chromatography to measure the neuropeptides substance P ( SP ) , vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP ) , pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide ( PACAP ) , calcitonin gene related peptide ( CGRP ) , and the neurotrophins nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT4 / 5 ) . ^^^ SP , PACAP , NGF , and NT 3 were not different by diagnostic group . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Given the known role of neurotrophin signaling in neuronal maturation and apoptosis , we analyzed immunohistochemically the distribution of neurotrophin receptors TrkA and TrkC and their primary ligands NGF and NT 3 in 14 nodular medulloblastomas . ^^^ NGF and NT 3 were distributed diffusely with some nodular accentuation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) , promote differentiation , growth , and survival of various central and peripheral nervous system neurons . ^^^ Quantitative analysis was performed using sandwich type ELISA for NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 / 5 . ^^^ The quantity of total NGF , NT 3 , and BDNF in IHPS was significantly lower than in controls . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Rat primary microglia were found to constitutively secrete a limited amount of brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , but nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) were undetectable in the conditioned medium . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although treatment of cultured E 14 sympathetic neuroblasts with neurotrophins alone did not alter cell numbers , BMP 4 induced cell death was prevented by co treatment with either neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) or nerve growth factor ( NGF ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) are necessary for the survival of embryonic sympathetic neurons in vivo . ^^^ This was accomplished by enhancing the survival of existing neurons , as cell proliferation was unaffected by exposure to atRA . atRA also enhanced neurite outgrowth of the NT 3 treated cells ; however , the neurites appeared thicker and less branched than cells treated with atRA in combination with NGF . ^^^ The atRA induced increase in trkA mRNA may play a role in the enhanced survival of neurons cultured in the presence of either NGF or NT 3 , as both neurotrophins have been shown to signal through this receptor . ^^^ Thus , during development , atRA may play a role in fine tuning embryonic responsiveness to both NT 3 and NGF . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| By adulthood , sympathetic neurons have lost dependence on NGF and NT 3 and are able to survive in culture without added neurotrophic factors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BDNF and NT 4 / 5 induced the dimers , whereas NT 3 formed slight dimers but NGF did not . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) or nerve growth factor ( NGF ) transgene was introduced into these cells using recombinant retroviral vectors containing an internal ribosome entry site ( IRES ) sequence and the beta galactosidase or alkaline phosphatase reporter gene . ^^^ Rats received transplants of fibroblasts or NSCs genetically modified to express NT 3 or NGF and a reporter gene , only a reporter gene , or no transplant . ^^^ Grafted fibroblasts and NSCs expressed a reporter gene and immunoreactivity for the NGF or NT 3 transgene . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Exogenous NT 3 and NGF differentially modulate PACAP expression in adult sensory neurons , suggesting distinct roles in injury and inflammation . ^^^ The neurotrophins NGF and NT 3 are profound regulators of neuronal peptidergic phenotype in intact and injured sensory neurons . ^^^ This study examined their potential for modulation of PACAP expression in adult rat with intact and injured L 4 L6 spinal nerves with or without immediate or delayed intrathecal infusion of NT 3 or NGF . ^^^ Surprisingly , NT 3 modulates PACAP expression in an antagonistic fashion to NGF in intact neurons , an effect most evident in the trkA neurons not expressing trkC . ^^^ Both NT 3 and NGF infusion results in decreased detection of PACAP protein in the region of the gracile nuclei , where central axons of the peripherally axotomized large sensory fibers terminate . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neuronal cell type Neuro 2a is a good model to study development and molecules modulating this process , and retinoic acid ( RA ) and neurotrophins ( NGF , BDNF , NT 3 and NT 4 ) have been shown to be active in this modulation . ^^^ Through DNA labelling with BrdU we also show that NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 increase survival and proliferation of cells , grown in serum deprived media . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In wholemount explant cultures of embryonic rat trigeminal ganglion and brainstem or in dissociated cell cultures of the trigeminal ganglion , exogenous supply of NGF leads to axonal elongation , whereas neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) treatment leads to short branching and arborization ( Ulupinar et al . [ 2000a ] J . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Sections of pancreatic cancer and normal pancreatic tissue were examined by immunohistochemistry for the expression of the neurotrophins NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , NT 4 , and their receptors TrkA , TrkB , and TrkC , as well as the low affinity receptor , p75NTR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In experimental animal models , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) have been shown to be produced by glial cells as an adaptive response to hypoxia . ^^^ We investigated whether concentrations of NGF and NT 3 are increased in the CSF of children with hydrocephalus . ^^^ CONCLUSION : NGF and NT 3 concentrations are increased in children with hydrocephalus . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Sequential exposure to members of the neurotrophin family , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , neurotrophin type 3 ( NT 3 ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin type 4 ( NT 4 ) , determines the generation , survival , and maturation of developing neurons . ^^^ The percentage of NT 3 responsive neurons also moderately decreased during development while no change was observed in the fraction of neuronal cells targeted by NT 4 and NGF . ^^^ BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 each targeted about 15 % of striatal precursors at E 14 but no NGF responsive precursors were detected at this age . ^^^ In contrast , only NT 3 and NGF could induce a response in precursor cells at E 18 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunoblots of homogenates from human tumors displayed binding of anti nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and NT 3 antibodies as well as of anti tyrosine specific protein kinase ( Trk ) A , TrkB , and TrkC receptor antibodies , with similar migration characteristics than those displayed by human beta NGF and proteins from rat brain . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Inhibition by NT 3 was additive to inhibition by NGF . ^^^ Inhibitors of ERK activation that block inhibition by NGF had no effect on inhibition by NT 3 . ^^^ In contrast , 8 bromo cAMP or forskolin pretreatment blocked inhibition by NT 3 but not NGF . ^^^ NT 3 and NGF regulate MTAL ion transport through different signal transduction mechanisms . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| No differences were observed for NGF , trk A , NT 3 or NaN / SNS2 immunoreactivity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Subcellular pathways and accumulation of internalized radiolabeled neurotrophins NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 were examined in retinal ganglion cells ( RGCs ) of chick embryos by using quantitative electron microscopic autoradiography . ^^^ BDNF and NGF also concentrated at the plasma membrane , whereas NT 3 accumulated transiently in the Golgi system . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The low affinity neurotrophin receptor ( p 75 ( NTR ) ) is implicated in promoting oligodendrocytic death after nerve growth factor ( NGF ) stimulation but NGF and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) can also potentiate oligodendrocytic survival . ^^^ Viability was not , however , influenced by exposure to either NGF or NT 3 . ^^^ Cells overexpressing p 75 ( NTR ) remained unresponsive to NGF but exhibited potentiated survival with NT 3 , correlating with the differential expression profile of their high affinity receptors . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neurotrophins , such as NGF , BDNF and NT 3 also utilize receptor tyrosine kinases , namely TrkA , TrkB and TrkC . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunocytochemistry based on whole mount labelling revealed the presence of neuronal MAPK , which was found to be activated by NGF , NT 3 , and GDNF in separate axonal populations and by a prior axotomy in a majority of growing axons . ^^^ The results suggest that there are important differences in the NGF and NT 3 signalling pathways , which may involve positive and negative control mechanisms by MAPK activation , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In histological sections of the adrenals from untreated control animals , faint immunolabeling for BDNF , NT 3 and NGF was detectable in the adrenal cortex , with some additional labeling for NGF over the adrenal medulla , whereas GDNF immunolabeling was confined to the adrenal medulla . ^^^ Induction of TNBS colitis markedly increased NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 expression within the adrenal cortex after 8 h . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To improve nerve regeneration , the growth promoting effects of the neurotrophins nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) were evaluated . ^^^ While BDNF showed a limited effect on axonal regeneration ( 863 + / 39 axons / regenerated nerve , n = 6 ) , NGF ( 1843 + / 482 ) and NT 3 ( 1495 + / 449 ) powerfully promoted regeneration of myelinated axons compared to channels releasing the control protein bovine serum albumin ( 293 + / 39 ) . ^^^ In addition , NGF , but not BDNF nor NT 3 , had a potent effect on the regeneration of unmyelinated axons ( NGF , 55 + / 1 . 4 ; BDNF , 4 + / 0 . 3 ; NT 3 , 4 . 7 + / 0 . 3 axons / 100 microm ( 2 ) ; n = 6 ) . ^^^ The present study suggests that synthetic nerve guidance channels slowly and continuously releasing the neurotrophins NGF and NT 3 can overcome the limited regeneration of transected dorsal root . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : NGF and BDNF levels were significantly increased in untreated asthmatics compared to the control and the treated group , while NT 3 demonstrated significantly higher levels in treated asthmatics compared to healthy controls . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In comparison with their respective native counterparts , human and rat MA alpha ( 2 ) M bound slightly more NGF , but significantly less BDNF or NT 3 . ^^^ Native human alpha ( 2 ) M and PZP in general have no neuro modulatory activity , but native PZP bound significantly more NGF , BDNF or NT 3 than either native alpha ( 2 ) M or MA alpha ( 2 ) M , which is neuro inhibitory . ^^^ It is known that MA PZP is neuro inhibitory , but it fails to bind more NGF , BDNF , or NT 3 than native PZP . ^^^ MA alpha ( 1 ) M is the only macroglobulin known to stimulate NGF promoted neurite outgrowth , but it bound NGF with similar affinities as native alpha ( 1 ) M and rat alpha ( 2 ) M ; in addition , it bound significantly less BDNF or NT 3 than native alpha ( 1 ) M . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| PURPOSE : To investigate the gene expression of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and their high affinity receptors ( TrkA , TrkB and TrkC ) in cultured human Mller cells . ^^^ METHODS : The polymerase chain reaction was performed using specific primers for NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , TrkA , TrkB and TrkC with complementary DNAs as the template , which were generated from poly A+ RNA of cultured human Mller cells . ^^^ RESULTS : We detected the precursor mRNA transcripts for NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , TrkB and TrkC , but not TrkA . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In vitro studies of neonatal rat DRG neurones showed that nerve growth factor ( NGF ) significantly increased the percentage of hSK 1 positive cells , whereas neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) failed to show a significant effect . ^^^ NT 3 stimulated hIK 1 expression , while NGF and GDNF were ineffective . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This longitudinal study examined the effects of NGF and NT 3 on functional and anatomical recovery following transection of tbc sciatic nerve . ^^^ METHODS : Alzet osmotic pumps were implanted to deliver a continuous supply of NGF , NT 3 or buffer solution to the stumps of the transected sciatic nerve for the first 28 days following implantation . ^^^ RESULTS : Neither NT 3 , nor NGF treatment significantly enhanced motor recovery as examined by gait analysis . ^^^ Regenerated sciatic nerves from NT 3 treated animals had slightly more axons than control or NGF treated animals . ^^^ CONCLUSION : This work shows that there were no long lasting improvements of anatomical or functional recovery in NGF or NT 3 treated animals 12 weeks following sciatic nerve transection . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neurotrophins , such as nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , are essential for development , function , and survival of peripheral sympathetic and sensory neurons . ^^^ We found that human eosinophils constitutively express messenger RNA for NGF and NT 3 , synthesize and store these proteins intracellularly , and continuously replenish them . ^^^ Incubation of eosinophils with a transcription inhibitor , actinomycin D , for 8 hours completely depletes intracellular NGF and NT 3 . ^^^ New synthesis of NGF is enhanced by Fc receptor mediated stimuli , such as immunoglobulin ( Ig ) A and IgG immune complexes ; in contrast , production of NT 3 is not affected by these stimuli . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Temporal regulation of neuropilin 1 expression and sensitivity to semaphorin 3A in NGF and NT 3 responsive chick sensory neurons . ^^^ This study compared the expression of the semaphorin 3A receptor subunit , neuropilin 1 , and the collapse response of growth cones to semaphorin 3A for NGF ( cutaneous ) and NT 3 ( proprioceptive ) dependent sensory axons extended from E 6 E10 chick embryos . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study we report the presence of NGF , BDNF and NT 3 in neurons and endocrine cells of mouse , duck and lizard intestine . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A decreased axonal accumulation of endogenous nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) in the vagus nerve of streptozotocin ( STZ ) induced diabetic rats was previously shown . ^^^ In the current study , no changes in the NGF and NT 3 protein or mRNA levels in the stomach or atrium , two vagally innervated organs , were noted after 16 or 24 weeks of diabetes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| When neurons are incubated with neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) or nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , there are no significant changes in BDNF mRNA or protein expression . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NGF , NT 3 and Trk C mRNAs , but not TrkA mRNA , are upregulated in the paraventricular structures in experimental hydrocephalus . ^^^ DNA oligonucleotide probes for nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and trkA , trkB , and C were labeled with [ ( 35 ) S ] dATP using terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase for in situ hybridization . ^^^ The results observed were as follows . ( 1 ) The medial septal and striatal NGF mRNA levels increased with severity in animals . ( 2 ) Hippocampal trkB and BDNF mRNA levels increased with time in animals with moderate ventricular enlargement . ( 3 ) Expression of hippocampal trkB , trkC , and NT 3 mRNA increased in animals with moderate ventricular enlargement , while it apparently decreased in the large ventricular enlargement group reaching normal ranges . ( 4 ) In the corpus callosum there was an apparent increase in NGF , NT 3 and trkC mRNA , but not in trkA , in hydrocephalic animals . ^^^ It is therefore possible that simultaneous NGF , NT 3 , and trkC receptor upregulation occurred in glial elements of the white matter . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The age dependent trophic responses of sympathetic , sensory , and nodose neurons to the neurotrophins NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 and to glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) were examined by an explant culture system . ^^^ The SCG from rats of all ages were significantly influenced by NGF , NT 3 , and GDNF ; the effects of NT 3 and GDNF were reduced after maturation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVES : The aim of this study was to assess whether eosinophils express functional receptors and if their function is influenced by NGF , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) or neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ^^^ Eosinophils were incubated with NGF , BDNF and NT 3 , and cells and supernatants were collected for measurement of the mediators IL 4 , IL 5 , IL 8 , transforming growth factor ( TGF ) beta 1 , eosinophil cationic protein ( ECP ) , eosinophil protein 10 ( EPX ) as well as eosinophil viability . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To determine whether these findings in rodents could be related to humans , we have now studied nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) , glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , and neurturin ( NTN ) mRNA expression patterns in developing human teeth during gestational weeks 6 . 5 11 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Dynamic patterns of BDNF expression in injured sensory neurons : differential modulation by NGF and NT 3 . ^^^ Thus , modulatory influences of NGF and NT 3 on BDNF expression in injured adult rat DRG neurons were examined using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical approaches . ^^^ Furthermore , the findings demonstrate that NT 3 can act in an antagonistic fashion to NGF in the regulation of BDNF expression in intact neurons , and mitigate BDNF ' s expression in injured neurons . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neurotrophins [ NGF , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , NT 4 / 5 , BDNF ] , glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) related factors ( GDNF , neurturin ) , and growth factors such as PDGF AA , FGF 2 , and insulin did not increase myelinogenesis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study we used immunohistochemistry to investigate the occurrence and localization both of neurotrophins ( NGF , BDNF and NT 3 like ) and of Trk like proteins ( TrkA , TrkB , TrkC like ) in alevins of Salmo salar and S . trutta . ^^^ NGF , NT 3 and TrkC like immunoreactivity were never detected . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recent reports indicated that neurotrophins [ nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) ] have numerous effects on non neural cells , especially on immune cells . ^^^ However , whether lung cells express neurotrophins and / or their receptors ( TrkA for NGF , TrkB for BDNF and NT 4 / 5 , and TrkC for NT 3 ) has never been systematically investigated . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The family of neurotrophins , encompassing nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) , is important in the regulation of neuronal development and function . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , members of the neurotrophin family , bind to and activate TrkA , TrkB and TrkC , respectively , members of the Trk receptor tyrosine kinase family , to exert various effects including promotion of differentiation and survival , and regulation of synaptic plasticity in neuronal cells . ^^^ BDNF stimulated much stronger interactions of PLCgamma with Trk than NGF and NT 3 in PC 12 cells stably expressing TrkB and cultured cerebral cortical neurons , respectively , although BDNF , NGF and NT 3 induced similar levels of tyrosine phosphorylation of Trk . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Therefore the expression of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , BDNF , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) was investigated in postmortem muscle tissue of the biceps from 15 patients with neuropathologically confirmed sporadic ALS and 15 age matched controls . ^^^ Whereas the early phase of the disease was characterized by a strong upregulation of BDNF , levels of NGF , NT 3 , and NT 4 / 5 gradually increased in the course of the disorder , peaking at later stages . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophins NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 / 5 are well known for their neuron survival promoting functions . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To investigate the potential role of neurotrophins in the afferent synaptogenesis of inner hair cells , we exposed bv newborn cochleas in organotypic culture to brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , and also to gamma aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) , for up to 8 days . ^^^ The inner hair cells expressed all three neurotrophins ; BDNF prevailed in the inner phalangeal cells , NT 3 in the pillar cells and inner phalangeal cells , and NGF in the pillar cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we compared APP promoter activity in the presence of different growth factors and cytokines such as brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , interleukin ( IL 1 ) , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , neurotrofin 3 ( NT 3 ) , transforming growth factor ( TGF beta 1 ) , and tumor necrosis factor ( TNF alpha 1 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Young and aged female rats were tested on a water radial arm maze designed to measure performance as working memory load increased , followed by brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) protein assessments in hippocampus and frontal cortex . ^^^ Neurotrophin assessment showed that frontal cortex NGF and BDNF levels were positively , and hippocampal NT 3 negatively , correlated with number of errors made during specific trials in aged animals . ^^^ Comparison to untested rats showed that testing increased NT 3 , but not BDNF or NGF , protein levels in both age groups . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The simple protein band fishing by cell ( SPBFC ) technique was employed in finding the protein bands with neurons attached , and then such protein bands , were taken and transferred to nitric cellulose paper for Western hybridization analysis by antibody for NGF , BDNF , NT 3 and GDNF respectively . ^^^ Moreover , the result of Western hybridization showed that the positive hybridization bands in each scope were that of NGF , BDNF , GDNF ; NGF , BDNF , NT 3 ; NGF , BDNF , NT 3 ; NGF , NT 3 and BDNF , NT 3 respectively ; indicating that the neurotrophic effect of spinal dorsal horn tissue on primary sensory neurons involves NGF , BDNF , NT 3 and GDNF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This family of proteins consists of four homologous members in mammals : NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 / 5 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The immunohistochemical occurrence of the neurotrophin ( NT ) proteins nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) is shown in the pre term newborn , infant , and adult human post mortem cerebellum . ^^^ NGF , NT 4 , and NT 3 positive neuronal perikarya were observed in all specimens examined . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVE : To investigate the spatiotemporal change rule of NGF , BDNF , NT 3 and their mRNA expression in spinal cord of cats after partial dorsal rhizotomy . ^^^ In normal cat , NGF and it ' s mRNA were detected in part of neurons ; BDNF , in nerve fiber terminals , varicosities and neurons ; NT 3 , in part of neurons , neuroglias and few nerve fiber terminals and varicosities . ^^^ The population of NGF and NGGmRNA positive neurons , NT 3 positive neurons and neuroglias increased significantly 3d 5d after rhizotomy . ^^^ At 10 11d , the population of NGF and NGF mRNA positive neurons was still on the high level as that at 3 5d , and that of NT 3 began to decrease ; the quantity of BDNF recovered to normal except for L , segment , but the density of positive varicosity of BDNF did not yet . ^^^ The highest level time of NGF was earlier in L 5 , L 6 than in L 3 ; the recovery of the quantity of BDNF was the latest in L 7 ; the change of NT 3 positive neuroglia was the same at each segment , but the number of NT 3 positive neuron in L 5 , L 7 returned to normal at 10 11d , and that of L 3 did not . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Sequential analyses were made following ethanol exposure on these two postnatal days , with assessments of NTFs nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) ; apoptosis related proteins Bcl 2 , Bcl xl , Bax , Akt and c jun N terminal kinase ( JNK ) ; antioxidants superoxide dismutase , glutathione reductase and catalase ; and ROS . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The main neurotrophic factor families with potential therapeutic applications include the family of neurotrophins ( NGF , BDNF or NT 3 ) , GDNF and related neurotrophic factor , CNTF and the members of the IGF family . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , in order to clarify the differences in the results obtained with the various neurotrophins in different animal preparations we also report new data on the action of NGF , BDNF , NT 3 and NT 4 in the same preparation , namely the visual cortex of the rat . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ganglia were explanted from rats at gestational day 16 , when growing neurites have entered the papilla core , and maintained in culture with added brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) or neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ^^^ Neuron survival with BDNF or NT 4 was about 80 % , whereas with NGF or NT 3 less than 15 % of neurons survived over 6 days in culture . ^^^ Geniculate neurons cultured with either BDNF or NT 4 had similar passive membrane and action potential properties , but these characteristics were significantly different from those of neurons cultured with NGF or NT 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Trk receptors are a family of three receptor tyrosine kinases , each of which can be activated by one or more of four neurotrophins nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophins 3 and 4 ( NT 3 and NT 4 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ribonuclease protection assay of cultured OEC revealed expression of NGF , BDNF , GDNF , and CNTF mRNA , while NT 3 and NT 4 mRNA were not detectable . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Previous work showed that a reduced retrograde axonal transport of endogenous nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) in the vagus nerve of diabetic rats occurred in the presence of normal production of neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neurotrophins , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) play crucial roles in the differentiation and survival of neural cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have examined the chemokinetic effects of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived growth factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) on Schwann cells in vitro using a chemotaxis chamber . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , NT 4 / 5 and NT 6 constitute NGF family ( the neurotrophins ) , which may enhance both survival and differentiation of neurons from the EGF responsive hippocampal and the subventricular zone neural stem cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the following study , we determined the effects of glutamate on early passaged rat Mller cells , specifically their expression of neurotrophic factors including BDNF , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) , and glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) ; and of glutamate receptors and transporters using immunoblots or enzyme linked immunosorbent assays . ^^^ Our study showed that while glutamate treatment did not promote cell death , it upregulated secretion of BDNF , NGF , NT 3 , NT 4 , and GDNF by Mller cells . ^^^ While solitary bands at approximately 13 14 kDa were observed for NGF , NT 3 , and NT 4 ; two BDNF reactive bands were observed in immunoblots : a faster migrating band at the reported size of the BDNF monomer ( approximately 13 kDa ) ; and a more intense band at approximately 36 kDa . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Messenger RNAs encoding other neurotrophins , including nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and the BDNF receptor trkB , were not selectively localized in neonatal VMN . ^^^ As the VMN undergoes sexual differentiation , we compared BDNF , NGF , NT 3 , and trkB mRNA expression in the VMN in males and females at embryonic day 20 and PND 4 , but found no differences between them . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NGF , BDGF , NT 3 , NT 4 / 5 , NT 6 and TrkA , B and C were down regulated simultaneously in gastric carcinoma in comparison with normal gastric mucosa . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the retina , superior colliculus ( SC ) , primary visual cortex ( V 1 ) , hippocampus ( HIPP ) and cerebellum ( CBL ) , using a ribonuclease protection assay ( RPA ) , we examined expression of the mRNAs for nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , BDNF , NT 3 , NT 4 , ciliary neurotrophic factor ( CNTF ) and glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) . ^^^ LR or DR alter the expression of the mRNAs for NGF , BDNF and NT 3 and CNTF within the visual system . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We show for the first time that Zn MT 2 treatment during EAE significantly prevents demyelination and axonal damage and transection , and stimulates oligodendroglial regeneration from precursor cells , as well as the expression of the growth factors basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) , transforming growth factor ( TGF ) beta , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , NT 4 / 5 , and nerve growth factor ( NGF ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVES : The aim of this study was to assess whether eosinophils of allergic and non allergic donors produce , store and release the neurotrophic factors NGF , BDNF and NT 3 . ^^^ Stored NGF , BDNF and NT 3 was demonstrated by Western blotting and flow cytometry . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Eosinophils store , produce and release NGF , BDNF and NT 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The proteins of the mammalian neurotrophin family ( nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) ) were originally identified as neuronal survival factors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophins nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) are potent chemotactic agents for human melanoma cells which express p 75 ( NTR ) in vitro . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In all studied species both NGF and NT 3 like immunoreactivity ( IR ) were present in the enteric nervous system , while BDNF like IR was never detected . ^^^ More in particular , both NGF and NT 3 like IR were detected in neurons of small and large intestine , while only NT 3 like IR was also observed in stomach plexuses . ^^^ Furthermore , Western blot analysis revealed the presence of molecules immunoreactive to NGF and NT 3 , which weight were very similar to those of mammalian corresponding neurotrophins . ^^^ These results extend to teleost species the presence and distribution of NGF and NT 3 like IR in the enteric nervous system , suggesting a well preserved presence of these substances in the gut during vertebrate phylogenesis . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The expression pattern of neurotrophins changes with age , with falling NGF , NT 3 and NT 4 but increasing granule cell BDNF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NGF and NT 3 expression in iris was substantially higher compared to CV ; neither target showed any alterations with age . ^^^ Eighteen to 20 h following local treatment of iris and CV with NGF , NT 3 or vehicle , expression of NT receptor protein and mRNA was higher in iris compared with CV projecting neurons from both young and old rats . ^^^ NGF and NT 3 treatment had no effect on NT receptor expression in CV projecting neurons at either age . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| PURPOSE : To determine which of the neurotrophins ( NTs ) nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 ) and their receptors ( NTrs ) , TrkA , TrkB , TrkC , and p 75 , are present in the adult rat lacrimal gland . ^^^ RESULTS : RT PCR showed positive bands at the appropriate sizes for NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 , and for the receptors TrkA , TrkB , TrkC , and p 75 . ^^^ Western blot analysis confirmed these results , showing that the lacrimal gland expresses NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 as well as the NTrs TrkA , TrkB , and TrkC and the p 75 protein . ^^^ NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 were localized in the lacrimal gland acini with differing cellular distributions , whereas TrkA , TrkB , and TrkC , were localized in myoepithelial cell and ductal cell membranes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Incubation with NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , or NT 4 caused a significant increase in the viability and CD 69 expression of isolated eosinophils from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF ) but not from peripheral blood , suggesting a unique sensitivity of endobronchial eosinophils to neurotrophins . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NGF and NT 3 exert differential effects on the expression of neuropeptides in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of rats withdrawn from ethanol treatment . ^^^ Our results show that , unlike NGF , NT 3 does not display the capacity of enhancing neuropeptide expression in the SCN . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophins neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , brain derived growth factor ( BDNF ) and nerve growth factor ( NGF ) bind to the p 75 receptor , but each neurotrophin also binds a more selective Trk receptor ( e . g . ^^^ TrkA NGF and TrkC NT 3 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Semiquantitative RT PCR analysis revealed that an exposure of the primary cortical neurons to 1 microg / mL of FU 248 transiently and significantly enhanced the expression of genes including brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ^^^ The amount of the transcript for BDNF was approximately nine times and sixteen times more abundant than those for NT 3 and NGF , respectively ( t=6 hr ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To define the effects of neurotrophins on oligodendrocytes , we monitored NGF , BDNF and NT 3 actions on basal forebrain ( BF ) and cortical populations . ^^^ NGF , BDNF and NT 3 applied to BF oligodendrocytes elicited increases in expression of myelin basic protein ( MBP ) and enhanced the numbers of MBP+ cells , without affecting total cell numbers . ^^^ In the cortex , however , while NGF and NT 3 influenced MBP expression , BDNF was without effect . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We measured chronic changes in the levels of BDNF , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) in the adult hippocampus using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) after a unilateral intracerebroventricular administration of kainic acid ( KA ) , a model of temporal lobe epilepsy . ^^^ Rather , it shows a relationship with the time of upregulation of neurotrophins NGF and NT 3 . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The distribution of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and 4 ( NT 4 ) , and their high affinity receptors TrkA , TrkB , TrkC and low affinity receptor p 75 , was analyzed in adult porcine retinal sections by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ In vivo , immunolabeling of NGF was very faint , BDNF was especially prominent in RGCs and inner nuclear layer cells , NT 3 stained widespread nuclei , and NT 4 was undetectable . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Serial sections were processed for receptor radioautography or in situ hybridization to identify and colocalize neurons expressing high affinity nerve growth factor ( NGF ) binding sites , substance P ( SP ) , trkC , or trkA mRNAs and to examine the influence of NT 3 on these populations . ^^^ NT 3 does not appear to alter trkC expression , but evokes a notable reduction in trkA , high affinity NGF binding sites , and SP levels . ^^^ These findings suggest a clinically relevant role for NT 3 as an antagonist to NGF , but also raise the caution that not just trkC positive neurons are influenced following exposure to the neurotrophin . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Oleic acid induces GAP 43 expression through a protein kinase C mediated mechanism that is independent of NGF but synergistic with NT 3 and NT 4 / 5 . ^^^ Since GAP 43 expression has been shown to be upregulated by several neurotrophins , we investigated the relationship between the effect of oleic acid and that of NGF , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) on GAP 43 expression . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In brain biopsies , we observed increased amounts of NGF and NT 3 in tumor adjacent tissues at the invasion front of human melanoma tumors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Substantial evidence suggests that members of the neurotrophin family such as nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 and 4 ( NT 3 / 4 ) have a dramatic effect on both neurons and perineuronal cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Simultaneously , plasma levels of neurotrophin , including nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and 4 ( NT 4 ) were measured . ^^^ Kissing significantly reduced wheal responses induced by HDM and JCP , but not by histamine , and decreased plasma levels of NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and NT 4 in patients with AR or AD , while it failed to do so in normal subjects . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mRNA and protein levels of the neurotrophins of the NGF family ( NGF , BDNF , NT 3 and NT 4 / 5 ) and their receptors ( trkA , trkB , trkC and p 75 ) were quantified in septum and hippocampus using RT PCR . ^^^ Particularly , the gene expression of NGF , NT 3 , and the high affinity receptors trkA , trkB and trkC increased significantly . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Levels of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) protein and neurotrophin receptor mRNA in adult sympathetic neurons were investigated following surgical removal of preganglionic input and / or in vivo administration of NGF . ^^^ Protein levels of NGF and NT 3 in the SCG were unchanged by deafferentation . ^^^ A 2 week intracerebroventricular infusion of NGF without deafferentation resulted in enhanced mRNA levels of trkA , trkC , and p 75 as well as significantly increased NGF and NT 3 protein in the SCG . ^^^ NGF protein was not increased in the SCG when deafferentation preceded exogenous NGF , yet NT 3 was elevated and levels were similar to cases receiving NGF infusion only . ^^^ The increased levels of NT 3 protein and trkC gene expression observed following NGF infusion suggest that NGF influences NT 3 regulation in adult sympathetic neurons . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , well defined concentration gradients of neurotrophic factors ( NFs ) allowed us to study the synergistic effect of different NFs ( e . g . nerve growth factor [ NGF ] , neurotrophin 3 [ NT 3 ] and brain derived neurotrophic factor [ BDNF ] ) for axonal guidance of embryonic lumbar dorsal root ganglion cells ( DRGs ) . ^^^ Effective guidance of DRG axons was achieved with a minimum NGF concentration gradient of 133 ng / ml / mm alone , or combined NGF and NT 3 concentration gradients of 80 ng / ml / mm each . ^^^ The synergism observed between NGF and NT 3 indicates that axons may be guided over a 12 . 5 mm distance , which is significantly greater than that of 7 . 5 mm calculated by us for NGF alone or that of 2 mm observed by others . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here , we explore differences in the selective constraints acting on the proregions of the three avian neurotrophin genes NT 3 , BDNF , and NGF in an explicit phylogenetic context . ^^^ These patterns suggest that the high conservation exhibited by the BDNF proregion results from intense functional constraints that are relaxed in NGF and somewhat relaxed in NT 3 . ^^^ The proregion of BDNF is likely to have a function that differentiates it from the corresponding regions of the NGF and NT 3 genes , suggesting that BDNF is the avian neurotrophin most likely to be used both in its precursor and mature forms in vivo . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here , we examined expression of the Kv 1 . 2 , 1 . 4 , and 4 . 2 genes in the DRG following transection of the sciatic nerve , and investigated the effect of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) on expression of those mRNAs , using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Oestrogen injection of ovariectomized female rats did not affect uterine NT 3 levels 24 h postinjection , and increased endometrial NGF protein , indicating that reduced NGF or NT 3 is not responsible for the oestrogen induced denervation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cells from the immune system have been detected in CNS injury and found to produce and secrete a variety of neurotrophins such as NGF , BDNF , NT 3 and NT 4 / 5 , and to express ( similarly to neuronal cells ) , members of the tyrosine kinase ( Trk ) receptor family such as TrkA , TrkB and TrkC . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NGF and glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) are both produced by basal keratinocytes and neurotrophin ( NT 3 ) by suprabasal keratinocytes : relative mRNA expression was significantly lower in early diabetic neuropathy skin compared to controls , for NGF ( P < 0 . 02 ) , BDNF ( P < 0 . 05 ) , NT 3 ( P < 0 . 05 ) , GDNF ( < 0 . 02 ) , but not NT4 / 5 , Trk A or p 75 neurotrophin receptor ( all P > 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ Physiological combinations of NGF , NT 3 and GDNF , to mimic a ' surrogate target organ ' , may provide a novel ' homeostatic ' approach to prevent the development and ameliorate intractable neuropathic pain ( e . g . , at painful amputation stumps ) . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| For example , murine hair follicles ( HF ) show developmentally and spatio temporally stringently controlled expression of NTs , including nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and NT 4 , and their cognate receptors , tyrosine kinase A C ( TrkA C ) and p 75 neurotrophin receptor ( p75NTR ) . ^^^ NT 3 / TrkC and NGF / TrkA signaling stimulate HF development , while NT 3 , NT 4 and BDNF inhibit the growth ( anagen ) of mature HF by the induction of apoptosis driven HF regression ( catagen ) . p75NTR stimulation inhibits HF development and stimulates catagen . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , plasma levels of SP , VIP and nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , but not neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , are elevated in allergic patients . ^^^ Suckling also reduced plasma levels of SP , VIP and NGF , but not NT 3 in these patients , while holding infants without suckling failed to do so . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To address this issue , we have focused our research on three neurotrophic factors , namely nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ^^^ We show here that their respective receptors , TrkA , TrkB , TrkC , as well as p 75 ( NTR ) ( the low affinity NGF receptor ) , are expressed in vitro by the nasal ensheathing cells ; the three neurotrophins promote purification and proliferation of these glial cells , with an optimal concentration of 50 ng / ml ; and human ensheathing cells can be easily biopsied and highly purified using a serum free medium supplemented with NT 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The particular dipeptide units incorporated were chosen to correspond with the turn regions of the neurotrophins ( e . g . , nerve growth factor [ NGF ] and the neurotrophin factor 3 [ NT 3 ] ) . ^^^ Preliminary studies were performed to access the binding of these analogues to Trk receptors and their ability to induce cell survival ( just as NGF and NT 3 do ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) are members of the neurotrophin family , which is involved in the differentiation , growth , repair , plasticity and maintenance of many neuronal populations . ^^^ They act through three tyrosin kinase ( Trk ) specific receptors : NGF bind to TrkA , BDNF to TrkB and NT 3 to TrkC . ^^^ In the frog gut NT 3 like immunoreactivity ( IR ) was observed in both the nervous system and endocrine cells of the stomach and intestine , while NGF like IR was observed only in the enteric nervous system , and BDNF like IR in the intestinal endocrine cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We found that specific antibodies and the dominant negative mutant protein for CRMP 2 both potentiated the neurite extension induced by NGF , while specific antibodies and the corresponding mutant protein for CRMP 1 both abolished the neurite extension induced by NT 3 . ^^^ Our data suggest that CRMP 2 has a negative effect on neurite extension induced by NGF and CRMP 1 participates in the neurite formation / extension induced by NT 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) promote the function and / or survival of basal forebrain ( BF ) cholinergic neurons in vivo and in culture . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A larger number of axons could be traced across the boundary in co cultures from P 3 animals that were treated with neurotrophins ( NGF , BDNF , or NT 3 ) , whereas neurotrophins produced minimal growth enhancement in P 7 co cultures . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using in situ hybridization , mRNA levels of six different trophic factors [ BDNF , neurotrophin ( NT ) 4 / 5 , NGF , NT 3 , aFGF , and bFGF ) were measured at varying time points during the consolidation period after fear conditioning . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We directly compared TrkA and p75NTR for their ability to internalize NGF , and we also examined the endocytosis of iodinated brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) by p75NTR . ^^^ Surprisingly , cells expressing only p75NTR internalized far more BDNF or NT 3 than NGF . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The concentrations of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbant assays ( ELISAs ) . ^^^ The parietal cortex was susceptible to ethanol exposure , NGF and BDNF content increased , and NT 3 content fell , whereas no changes were detectable in the entorhinal cortex . ^^^ Neurotrophin content in the two segments of the basal forebrain was affected ; NGF and NT 3 content in the basal forebrain was reduced and NGF and BDNF content in the septal nuclei was increased by ethanol exposure . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| By using semiquantitative RT PCR , we examined gene expression of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and the trkB BDNF receptor in autoreactive T cells from SWXJ mice immunized with the p 104 117 encephalitogen of myelin proteolipid protein ( PLP 104 117 ) . ^^^ We observed antigen inducible expression of NGF and BDNF , but not NT 3 and trkB , in lymph node cells activated with PLP 104 117 . ^^^ CD 3 ( + ) , CD 4 ( + ) , and CD 8 ( + ) T cells as well as NK1 . 1 ( + ) cells and CD11b ( + ) monocytes and macrophages did not express any detectable BDNF , NGF , NT 3 , or trkB under any conditions . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Elevating cAMP levels increased crossing from Schwann cells onto astrocytes in live and fixed cultures , and had a co operative effect with NT 3 but not with NGF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The development of crural Pacinian corpuscles was explored in neonatal mutant mice lacking nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) or neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) , or their cognate Trk receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both NO donor and cGMP treatment of Schwann cells results in synthesis of NGF and NT 3 . ^^^ These findings suggest NO sGC cGMP mediated NGF and NT 3 synthesis by Schwann cells protect neurons . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We quantified the concentrations of brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) in the hippocampus of young , middle aged , and aged Fischer 344 rats at 4 days after kainic acid ( KA ) induced injury . ^^^ NGF and NT 3 levels after injury were comparable across the three age groups , however . ^^^ Thus , in comparison with the injured young hippocampus , the injured aging hippocampus contains considerably less BDNF but similar levels of NGF and NT 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated the expression of four neurotrophins , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and NT 4 , and five neurotrophin receptors , trkA , trkB , trkC , p 75 , and truncated trkB ( Trn B ) in single sensory neurons of the adult rat geniculate ganglion associated with the five innervation fields . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In mixed primary cultures , 1 microM CORT up regulated basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ; FGF 2 ) after 6 h of exposure , but down regulated nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) were unchanged . ^^^ A 100 microM NMDA alone decreased NT 3 , increased BDNF , but had no effect on NGF or FGF 2 . ^^^ Concurrently administered CORT had no additional effect on either NGF , BDNF or NT 3 , but up regulated FGF 2 . ^^^ In astrocytic cultures , 1 microM CORT increased FGF 2 and NT 3 , but decreased BDNF and NGF . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ELISAs were used to determine the concentration of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ^^^ NGF content was generally depressed by ethanol exposure , whereas NT 3 content increased . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Among various endogenous factors examined , increased production of NGF was demonstrated in the cells treated with neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) for 24 h . ^^^ NT 3 induced NGF production was significantly suppressed when cells were cultured in the medium containing high glucose . ^^^ NT 3 induced NGF production was further attenuated in the cells treated with an inhibitor of GSH synthesis . ^^^ Together , the enhanced polyol pathway activity under high glucose conditions seems to elicit reduced NT 3 induced NGF production in Schwann cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of NGF , BDNF and NT 3 in satellite cells of dorsal root ganglion ] . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : To investigate the distribution of NGF , BDNF , NT 3 and their mRNA in satellite cells of dorsal root ganglion ( DRG ) in adult cat . ^^^ The sections were stained by immunohistochemistry ABC method ( NGF antibody 1 : 1000 , Sigma ; BDNF antibody 1 : 500 , Santa Cruz ; NT 3 antibody 1 : 1500 , Santa Cruz ) , and in situ hybridization study ( cRNA probe 1 : 100 ) . ^^^ RESULTS : NGF , BDNF , NT 3 and their mRNA were observed in some satellite cells . ^^^ The positive signal of mRNA for NGF , BDNF and NT 3 was observed in cytoplasm . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , the mRNA expressions of cytokines ( IL 1alpha , IL 1beta , TNF alpha , IL 6 , TGF beta ) and neurotrophic factors ( BDNF , GDNF , NGF , NT 3 ) of these brains were evaluated by the reverse transcription PCR method . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| At vanishingly low concentrations , factors of the neurotrophin family ( NGF , BDNF , NT 3 and NT4 / 5 ) can promote neuronal survival or death . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This effect of BDNF was dependent on activation of trkB neurotrophin receptors because similar effects were not seen with the related neurotrophins NT 3 or NGF . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Monocytes of allergics and non allergics produce , store and release the neurotrophins NGF , BDNF and NT 3 . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : The aim of this study was to assess whether monocytes of allergic and non allergic subjects produce , store and release the neurotrophins NGF , BDNF and NT 3 . ^^^ RESULTS : Human monocytes express the neurotrophins NGF , BDNF and NT 3 but also their specific receptors TrkA , TrkB and TrkC . ^^^ Cell stimulation with LPS leads to release of NGF and NT 3 . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Monocytes , produce , store and release NGF , BDNF and NT 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| While estrogen treatment increased BDNF , NGF , and NT 3 levels in entorhinal cortex , progesterone abated the effects of estrogen resulting in neurotrophin levels comparable to aged Ovx rats not given hormone . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Protein expression of NGF , BDNF and NT 3 by LC cells and ONH astrocytes increased following OGD , as did NGF secretion . ^^^ Also , the increase in NGF , BDNF and NT 3 protein expression and NGF secretion following OGD also suggest LC cells and ONH astrocytes may be a paracrine source of neurotrophins for RGCs . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The quantification of growth factors and proteins by ELISA revealed that there was an enhanced expression of the neurotrophic factors nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophins ( NT 3 and NT 4 ) in the regenerating tissues . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NGF and NT 3 in sciatic nerve and substance P and calcitonin gene related peptide in dorsal root ganglia were decreased in type 1 , but not in type 2 rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We also examined the physiological response of AmphiTrk to vertebrate neurotrophins , and found that despite 500 million years of divergence , AmphiTrk transduces signals mediated by NGF , BDNF , NT 3 and NT 4 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Distribution of NGF and NT 3 like protein immunoreactivity in the teleost kidney . ^^^ In both species studied , NGF like and NT 3 like immunoreactivity were present in the kidney with different distribution patterns , while BDNF like immunoreactivity was never detected . ^^^ In goldfish , NGF like and NT 3 like immunoreactivity were identified extensively in cells along part of the arterial branches adjacent to the afferent arterioles . ^^^ In scorpion fish , NGF like and NT 3 like immunoreactive cells were observed both on afferent arterioles and on adjacent secondary branches derived from renal arteries . ^^^ A staining pattern of immunoreactivity similar to that obtained for NGF and NT 3 was detected utilizing S 100 antibody as a juxtaglomerular ( JG ) cell marker . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Measurement of neurotrophin production from implanted cells in the lesion site revealed that the grafts naturally contain nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and that transduction with BDNF markedly raises levels of BDNF production . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Application of exogenous neurotrophins , including brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , to cultures stimulated dendritic growth and led to more complex dendritic arbors during the initial 3 days in culture . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) negatively modulates nerve growth factor ( NGF ) receptor expression and associated nociceptive phenotype in intact neurons , suggesting a beneficial role in treating aspects of neuropathic pain mediated by NGF . ^^^ In conclusion , although NGF drives inflammation associated thermal hyperalgesia via its regulation of TRPV 1 expression , NT 3 is now identified as a potent negative modulator of this state . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , and GDNF mRNA expression in rat skeletal muscle following denervation and sensory protection . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In line with this hypothesis , accumulating preclinical and clinical data indicate that dysfunctions of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) may contribute to impaired brain development , neuroplasticity and synaptic `` dysconnectivity ' ' leading to the schizophrenic syndrome , or at least some of its presentations . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In embryonic day ( E ) 15 rat trigeminal ganglion ( TG ) , NGF receptor TrkA is expressed by small diameter neurons , NT 3 receptor TrkC and BDNF receptor TrkB are expressed by large diameter neurons . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To assess changes in the transcriptional expression level , quantitative real time PCR was carried out and revealed differential mRNA expression of neurotrophins , with marked down regulation of NT 3 mRNA expression and constant levels of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived nerve factor ( BDNF ) , and NT 4 / 5 mRNA expression . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| When cultured in vitro , neural rosette like structures developed throughout the scaffolds with differentiation dependent on factors in the medium ( e . g . , retinoic acid [ RA ] , nerve growth factor [ NGF ] , and neurotrophin 3 [ NT 3 ] ) and the differentiation stage of the cells . ^^^ Specifically , enhanced numbers of neural structures and staining of nestin ( a marker of neural precursors ) and beta ( 3 ) tubulin ( indicative of neural differentiation ) were observed with hES cell seeded polymer scaffolds when cultured with both NGF and NT 3 when compared with control medium . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Pro inflammatory cytokines upregulate the skin immunoreactivity for NGF , NT 3 , NT 4 and their receptor , p75NTR in vivo : a preliminary report . ^^^ As a first step toward exploring this , we studied in murine back skin ( C57BL / 6 ) whether intradermally injected interleukin 1beta ( IL 1beta ) , tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ) , and interferon gamma ( IFN gamma ) altered the cutaneous immunoreactivity patterns of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) , Trk A , Trk B , Trk C and p75NTR and their receptors ( TrkA , TrkB , TrkC , p75NTR ) on the protein level in situ . ^^^ Therefore , this pilot study provides the first preliminary indications that proinflammatory cytokines upregulate the cutaneous immunoreactivity of NGF , NT 3 , NT 4 and their receptor p75NTR in vivo . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using in vitro studies , we detected the synthesis of various growth factors , including nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ^^^ Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) demonstrated that MSCs cultured in Dulbecco ' s modified Eagle medium ( DMEM ) produced substantial amounts of NGF for at least 7 weeks , whereas the levels of BDNF , GDNF and NT 3 remained unchanged . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In parallel , we study the hippocampal expression of NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 , i . e . , neurotrophins with known trophic roles on cholinergic neurons . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : In hippocampus of suicide subjects compared with control subjects mRNA levels of NGF ( p < . 001 ) , NT 3 ( p < . 001 ) , and NT 4 / 5 ( p < . 001 ) were decreased , whether or not they were expressed as a ratio to cyclophilin or NSE . ^^^ This was accompanied by a decrease in their respective protein levels ( NGF [ p < . 001 ] , NT 3 [ p < . 001 ] , and NT 4 / 5 [ p < . 001 ] ) . ^^^ In PFC , however , mRNA ( p = . 001 ) and protein ( p < . 001 ) levels of NT 4 / 5 and only protein level of NGF ( p < . 001 ) were decreased ; NT 3 levels were unchanged . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These increases were found for nerve growth factor ( NGF ) in the heart , thymus , kidney and liver , for brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) in the lung , and for neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) in the colon . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : Neurotrophins ( NTs ) are a family of growth factors , including nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) that are involved in inflammation . ^^^ Serum NGF , BDNF and NT 3 were measured by enzyme immunoassay . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This sequence of events may be regulated through changes in expression of neurotrophic factors such as NGF , BDNF , HB FGF , and NT 3 . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| On the other hand , other neurotrophins , NGF , NT 3 , or NGF failed to enhance JCP specific IgE production . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Northern hybridization showed that NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 mRNAs are expressed in the shaft of the penis . ^^^ However , all the NT receptor mRNAs were expressed in penile sensory neurons of sacral level 1 ( S 1 ) DRG . ( 125 ) 1 NT 3 injected into the shaft of the penis was retrogradely transported into the MPG and S 1 DRG , whereas radioiodinated NGF and BDNF were transported specifically into the S 1 DRG , thus confirming the existence of functional NT receptors in these penile neurons . ^^^ In conclusion , these data suggest that NT 3 may act as a target derived neurotrophic factor for both erection inducing and penile sensory neurons , whereas NGF and BDNF may be more important for the sensory innervation of the penis . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To test this hypothesis , we determined effects of LPS on brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , and NT 3 levels in the brain after intraperitoneal injection of saline or LPS ( 0 . 1 , 0 . 3 or 1 . 0mg / kg ) in rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Rat dorsal root ganglia were transduced in vivo by subcutaneous inoculation of replication incompetent HSV based vectors containing nerve growth factor ( NGF ) or neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) under the control of LAP 2 ( vectors SLN and QLNT 3 , respectively ) and vector SHN expressing NGF under the control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter . ^^^ These results indicate that expression of NGF or NT 3 driven by LAP 2 is sufficient to prevent the development of neuropathy 6 months after vector inoculation in rats . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We designed a minilibrary of 55 small molecule peptidomimetics based on beta turns of the neurotrophin growth factor polypeptides neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and nerve growth factor ( NGF ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have used NGF and NT 3 labeled with biotin and anti p75NTR labeled with FITC to examine the transport of neurotrophins and their receptors by these cells . ^^^ These findings suggest that DBH positive neurons in the TG depend upon target derived NGF and NT 3 for their noradrenergic phenotype . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These data demonstrate that localized overexpression of BDNF or NT 3 , but not NGF , is sufficient to promote sprouting of serotonergic axons in the cortex following an experimental neurotoxic injury . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we determined the production of various neurotrophins [ brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and neurotrophin 4 ( NT 4 ) ] and some pro inflammatory cytokines [ tumour necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ) and interferon gamma ( IFN gamma ) ] by unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) in 21 relapsing remitting MS patients during different phases of disease ( stable , relapse and post relapse ) . ^^^ During acute phase of disease , we detected a considerable increase of BDNF , TNF alpha and IFN gamma production , while significantly higher levels of GDNF , NGF , NT 3 and NT 4 were found in post relapse phase . ^^^ When neurotrophin production was correlated with clinical outcome ( complete or partial recovery from new symptoms ) , we found a significantly higher BDNF production in relapse phase followed by increased GDNF , NGF , NT 3 and NT 4 levels during post relapse phase in subjects with complete remission only . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neurotrophins are a family of secreted neuronal survival and plasticity factors comprising NGF , BDNF , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and NT 4 . ^^^ Whereas synaptic secretion of BDNF has been described , the routes of intracellular targeting and secretion of NGF , NT 3 , and NT 4 in neurons are poorly understood . ^^^ We show that BDNF and NT 3 are targeted more efficiently to dendritic secretory granules of the regulated pathway of secretion ( BDNF , in 98 % of cells ; NT 3 , 85 % ) than NGF ( 46 % ) and NT 4 ( 23 % ) . ^^^ Preincubation of neurons with monensin ( neutralizing intragranular pH , thus solubilizing the peptide core ) increased the speed of secretion of BDNF , NGF , and NT 3 to the value of NT 4 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : OECs were harvested from olfactory mucosa of Sprague Dawley rats based on the differing rates of attachment of the various cell types , followed by glial fibrillary acidic protein ( GFAP ) , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , anti low affinity receptor for NGF ( NGFRp 75 ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and S 100 immunocytochemistry . ^^^ The OECs were immunoreactive for GFAP , NGFRp 75 , S 100 , NGF , BDNF and NT 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Screening a human MSC cDNA library revealed expressed transcripts encoding BDNF and beta NGF but not NT 3 and NT 4 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Compared to untreated astrocytes , EPO treated astrocytes increased about 2 fold in beta NGF and 3 4 fold in BMP 2 , but did not increase BNDF and NT 3 levels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Previous studies indicate that brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) increase myelin basic protein , ( MBP ) in differentiating basal forebrain ( BF ) oligodendrocytes ( OLGs ) ( Du , Y . , Fischer , T . ^^^ While p 75 was implicated in the actions of NGF and NT 3 , it did not affect actions of BDNF . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In spinal cord slice preparations from rats with inflammation induced by complete Freund ' s adjuvant ( CFA ) , BDNF , but not nerve growth factor ( NGF ) or neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , acted presynaptically to increase the frequency of excitatory miniature EPSCs in substantia gelatinosa ( SG ) neurones of the CFA treated , but not untreated rats , through activation of lidocaine ( lignocaine ) sensitive , TTX resistant Na+ channels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two other neurotrophins , which are also ligands for p 75 , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) did not block NGF induced SP up regulation , raising the possibility that activated p 75 is able to cooperate in SP regulation regardless of which neurotrophin ligand occupies it . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We hypothesize that neurotrophins ( NTs ) , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and NT 3 , besides their importance in immune system activities , participate in chronic inflammatory disorders and in repair processes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Distribution and change of NGF , BDNF and NT 3 in the hippocampus of rat with AD ] . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : To investigate the distribution and change of NGF , BDNF and NT 3 in hippocampus of rat with Alzheimer disease ( AD ) by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ Brain sections were processed by immunohistochemical procedure with molocloned antibodies against NGF , BDNF and NT 3 . ^^^ The number of positive neurons of NGF , BDNF and NT 3 was counted and analyzed statistically . ^^^ CONCLUSION : results show that NGF , BDNF , NT 3 have experienced different changes in hippocampus of rat with AD , suggesting that they play different roles in the course of AD and bear relation to the physiological function of cholinergic neurons in hippocampus of rat with AD . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here , we demonstrate that Sema3A acts as a death inducing molecule in neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and nerve growth factor ( NGF ) dependent E 12 and E 13 cultured DRG neurons . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The group of neurotrophic factors consists of : growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the present study , we have investigated the expression profile of neurotrophins NGF , BDNF and NT 3 and their high affinity ( TrkA , TrkB , TrkC ) and common low affinity ( p75NTR ) receptors before and during neural differentiation of rat BMSCs by RT PCR . ^^^ Results indicate that NGF and BDNF but not NT 3 are expressed in both un differentiated as well as neurally differentiated BMSCs . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NGF ( nerve growth factor ) , BDNF ( brain derived neurotrophic factor ) , NT 3 ( neurotrophin 3 ) and NT 4 ( neurotrophin 4 ) also mediate additional higher order activities , such as learning , memory and behaviour , in addition to their established functions for cell survival . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We also assessed brain content of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophins , including nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , have been shown to be elevated during airway inflammation and evoke airway hyperresponsiveness . ^^^ We studied if HBSMC may be a source of NGF , BDNF and NT 3 , and if so , how inflammatory cytokines may influence their production . ^^^ RESULTS : We observed a constitutive NGF , BDNF and NT 3 expression . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Taken together , our data indicate that , in addition to the contractile capacity , HBSMC can express NGF , BDNF and NT 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma levels of NGF , BDNF , NT 3 and NT 4 were measured in a total of 58 subjects who had recently fallen in love and compared with those of two control groups , consisting of subjects who were either single or were already engaged in a long lasting relationship . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Avulsed dorsal root ganglia ( DRG , n = 5 ) were cultured with or without a combination of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , glial cell ( line ) derived growth factor ( GDNF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) for 5 days . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To elucidate the effects of neurotrophins , we treated day 5 neurons with NT 3 , BDNF or NGF for 48 h . ^^^ NT 3 and BDNF both inhibited downregulation of NDAP mRNA levels but NGF slightly enhanced the already present downregulation ; this effect of NGF was significant when examined in day 3 neurons . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Levels of NGF , NT 3 , NT 4 / 5 , BDNF , GDNF , CNTF , and FGF 2 were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) of 21 TSP / HAM patients and 20 controls . ^^^ No significant differences were detected in the concentrations of NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , NT 4 / 5 , GDNF , and CNTF in the CSF between TSP / HAM patients and controls . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the mammalian brain , four neurotrophins have been identified : nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) and neurotrophin 4 / 5 ( NT 4 / 5 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Mural and cumulus granulosa cells were positive for BDNF , NT 4 / 5 , NT 3 , and NGF , as well as for Trk B , Trk C , and Trk A receptors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recent investigations have linked neurotrophins , including nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , to allergic airways diseases . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| When rhesus NSPCs were induced to differentiate with a cocktail of retinoic acid and the neurotrophins ( NGF , BDNF , and NT 3 ) , they underwent morphologic changes including taking on an oligodendrocyte precursor morphology . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We demonstrate that FRS 3 binds all neurotrophin Trk receptor tyrosine kinases and becomes tyrosine phosphorylated in response to NGF , BDNF , NT 3 and FGF stimulation in transfected cells and / or primary cortical neurons . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Light and electron microscopy immunohistochemistry showed that human tonsillar samples were positive for all analyzed neurotrophins ( NGF , BDNF and NT 3 ) and their high affinity receptors ( TrkA , TrkB and TrkC , respectively ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Double immunolabeling further revealed immunoreactivities for nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) , and glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) in nestin positive reactive astrocytes . ^^^ Semiquantification of data obtained from mice 5 days after MPTP injection indicated that the majority of nestin expressing cells expressed NGF ( 92 % ) , NT 3 ( 90 % ) , or GDNF ( 86 % ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neurotrophins nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , NT 3 and NT 4 represent a family of proteins essential for neuronal survival and plasticity . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) are neurotrophins known to guide axons as well as promote axonal growth following injury to both the spinal cord and peripheral nerve . ^^^ Well defined concentration gradients of NGF and NT 3 were immobilized for the first time in a cell penetrable , cell adhesive scaffold of poly ( 2 hydroxyethylmethacrylate ) and poly ( L lysine ) . ^^^ A lower concentration gradient of 200 ng / mL / mm of NGF was shown to elicit guidance when an NT 3 concentration gradient of 200 ng / mL / mm was also present , indicating a synergistic response in the DRG neurons . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Effects of early life trauma on adult behavioral responses , corticosterone ( CORT ) concentration , and levels of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , brain derived neutrophic factor ( BDNF ) , and neurotrophin 3 ( NT 3 ) in hippocampus and frontal cortex were investigated . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The expression of neurotrophic factors , including NGF , BDNF , NT 3 , GDNF , CNTF , and VEGF , was analyzed using semiquantitative RT PCR , enzyme immunoassay , and immunohistochemistry . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Sortilin is expressed during embryogenesis in areas where nerve growth factor ( NGF ) and its precursor , proNGF , have well characterized effects . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Because recent studies suggest that proNGF , the precursor form of NGF , is more active than mature NGF in inducing apoptosis after binding to p75NTR and a coreceptor , sortilin , we asked whether the precursor of BDNF ( proBDNF ) is also a proapoptotic ligand in the nervous system . proBDNF is secreted by cultured neurons , and recombinant proBDNF binds to sortilin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q99523 and P01138 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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