Pubmed abstracts for Protein-Protein Interaction search result :


Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Several naturally occurring SREs containing Ets motifs at different locations to that in the human c fos SRE allow SAP 1 and Elk 1 recruitment in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Some members of the Ets family , Ets 1 and Ets 2 , cooperate in transcription with the AP 1 transcription factor , the product of the proto oncogene families , fos and jun , while others , Elk 1 and SAP 1 , form ternary complexes with the serum response factor ( SRF ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
The Ets related Elk 1 protein can bind to purine rich DNA target sites in a sequence specific fashion and , in addition , can form a ternary complex with the c fos serum response element ( SRE ) and the serum response factor ( SRF ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Ets related protein Elk 1 is homologous to the c fos regulatory factor p62TCF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Similarly , only Elk 1 and SAP 1a efficiently bind the c fos SRE in vivo ; ternary complex formation by SAP 2 is weak and is substantially unaffected by serum stimulation or 5 ras co expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Elk 1 is phosphorylated by MAP kinase , which correlates with the induction of c fos transcription . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
The activation of either pathway correlates with phosphorylation of the c fos regulatory transcription factor Elk 1 . ^^^ This correlates with prolonged Elk 1 phosphorylation and c fos transcription . ^^^ Elk 1 induction and c fos activation are also observed in KB cells , in which anisomycin strongly induces SAPKs but not MAPKs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
SAP 1 , SAP 2 , and ELK 1 form a related subgroup of ETS domain proteins that can form ternary complexes with the transcription factor SRF at the c fos serum response element ( SRE ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Our results indicate that phosphorylation regulates ternary complex formation by Elk 1 , which is a prerequisite for the manifestation of its transactivation potential at the c fos SRE . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
One such protein , Elk 1 , regulates the activity of the c fos promoter in response to extracellular stimuli . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Net has sequence similarity in three regions with the ets factors Elk 1 and SAP 1 , which have been implicated in the serum response of the fos promoter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
The appearance and decay of hyperphosphorylated TCF / Elk 1 containing complexes after stimulation coincide with the activation of mitogen activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) and the induction and repression of c fos and egr 1 , whereas modified TCF / SAP 1 containing complexes decay more slowly . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
In conjunction with the ETS domain , which mediates autonomous binding of Elk 1 to some DNA target sequences , the conserved B region is both necessary and sufficient for ternary complex formation with the c fos serum response element and the serum response factor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Transcriptional induction of the c fos gene in response to epidermal growth factor stimulation is mediated in part by a ternary nucleoprotein complex within the promoter consisting of serum response factor ( SRF ) , p62TCF / Elk 1 and the serum response element ( SRE ) . ^^^ Moreover , the Elk 1 B box is necessary to enable SRF dependent binding of an alternative ETS domain ( from the transcription factor PU . 1 ) to the c fos SRE . ^^^ Our results clearly demonstrate that direct protein protein interactions between the transcription factors Elk 1 and SRF , in addition to DNA contacts , contribute to the formation of a ternary complex on the c fos SRE . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Mitogen activated protein kinases ( MAP ) or extracellular signal regulated protein kinases ( ERK ) are a family of protein serine / threonine kinases that are activated very rapidly in response to many extracellular stimuli . elk 1 , an ets related gene codes for two transcriptional factors elk 1 , which regulates c fos transcription and delta elk 1 , both of which are substrates for MAP kinases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Transcriptional activation domains of elk 1 , delta elk 1 and SAP 1 proteins . elk 1 , an ets related gene codes for a sequence specific DNA binding transcriptional activator which in association with serum response factor ( SRF ) forms a ternary complex at the c fos serum response element ( SRE ) . ^^^ These observations suggest that the elk 1 family of proteins may not only regulate fos and MAP kinases but also other elk 1 target genes that are essential for cellular growth control . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Ternary complex factors ( TCFs ) , one of which is Elk 1 , have been implicated in mediation of c fos induction . ^^^ Furthermore , Elk 1 was shown to stimulate transcription from both the c fos serum response element and also from an Ets binding site . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
The Elk 1 and SRF transcription factors form a ternary complex at the c fos serum response element ( SRE ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Alternately , variant elk 1 protein may be the repressor , recruited by the SRE bound SRF for c fos repression , or it may have an altogether different function . ^^^ This variant elk 1 protein has lost the capacity to form a SRF dependent ternary complex with SRE and to activate fos transcription . ^^^ Thus it is conceivable that variant elk 1 might function by competing for some of the elk 1 target sequences ( like SRE ) and thereby block the transcriptional activation of fos by SRF and elk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Serum response factor ( SRF ) forms a ternary complex at the c fos serum response element ( SRE ) with an accessory factor , Elk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Elk 1 ( also called p62TCF ) , a transcription factor involved in the induction of the expression from the c fos promoter through the promoter ' s serum response element , is known to be activated as a result of phosphorylation by the MAP kinases ERK 1 and ERK 2 . ^^^ We therefore investigated whether SAPKs similarly upregulate c fos expression by phosphorylating Elk 1 . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Elk 1 responds to stress induced , as well as mitogenic , signals by stimulating c fos transcription through the serum response element . ^^^ Phosphorylation of Elk 1 by SAPKs and the ensuing expression of Fos protein thus constitutes an additional mechanism by which cells can upregulate AP 1 activity in response to stress . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
We then analysed the relationship between ERKs , JNK / SAPKs and the transcription factors Elk 1 and c Jun , implicated in controlling c fos and c jun , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
These substrates include transcription factors that are regulated by MAP kinase phosphorylation ( e . g . , Elk 1 , c Myc , c Jun , c Fos , and C / EBP beta ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
The influence of mutations in Elk 1 on quaternary complex formation in vitro correlates with their effect on the induction of c fos reporter expression in response to mitogenic stimuli in vivo . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Although all the proteins contain sequences required for ternary complex formation with SRF , only Elk 1 and SAP 1 appear to interact with the c fos SRE efficiently in vivo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
We have analysed the expression of the genes encoding transcription factors involved in c fos transcriptional regulation , i . e . the serum response factor ( SRF ) and the ETS related proteins ELK 1 and SAP 1 , in a variety of human cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Induction of c fos expression through JNK mediated TCF / Elk 1 phosphorylation . ^^^ Growth factors induce c fos transcription by stimulating phosphorylation of transcription factor TCF / Elk 1 , which binds to the serum response element ( SRE ) . ^^^ As Elk 1 is most likely phosphorylated while bound to the c fos promoter , these results suggest that UV irradiation and MEKK 1 activation stimulate TCF / Elk 1 activity through JNK activation , while growth factors induce c fos through ERK activation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
A nuclear target of mitogen activated protein ( MAP ) kinases is the ternary complex factor Elk 1 , which underlies its involvement in the regulation of c fos gene expression by mitogenic and stress signals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
However , expression of active PI 3 kinase did not induce the Ras / Rac / Rho signalling pathways that regulate gene transcription controlled by the c fos promoter , the c fos serum response element or the transcription factors Elk 1 and AP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
A plethora of signals induce the c fos proto oncogene via phosphorylation of the transcription factor Elk 1 by MAP kinase . ^^^ We show that the coactivator CBP cooperates with Elk 1 to stimulate c fos . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Increased SRE binding may reflect a compensation for a decreased binding of other transcription proteins to the c fos promoter , alteration in the phosphorylation status of SRF , or a change in the ternary complex factors Elk 1 or SAP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
ELK 1 and SAP1a have been shown to form ternary complexes with SRF on the SRE located in the c fos promoter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Antioxidants as well as oxidants activate c fos via Ras dependent activation of extracellular signal regulated kinase 2 and Elk 1 . ^^^ Here , the transcription factor Elk 1 is identified as being responsible for c fos serum response element ( SRE ) induction in response to changes in the cellular redox status induced by treatment with either the oxidant H2O2 or various structurally unrelated antioxidants . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
The transcription factors Elk 1 and SAP 1 bind together with serum response factor to the serum response element present in the c fos promoter and mediate increased gene expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Phosphorylation of the TCFs Elk 1 and Sap 1a by the ERK and JNK subclasses of MAP kinases triggers c fos transcription . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Our data suggest that one mechanism of somatostatin action involves inhibition of ERK activity , Elk 1 phosphorylation and transcriptional activation , and ultimately c fos gene transcription . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Mutations in the binding site for the ternary complex factor Elk 1 and the serum response factor abolished this induction , indicating that a ternary complex at the serum response element is necessary for the induction of the c fos gene under hypoxia . ^^^ Furthermore this hyperphosphorylation of Elk 1 , the activation of mitogen activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) , and the induction of c fos transcripts were blocked by PD 98059 , a specific inhibitor of mitogen activated protein kinase kinase / extracellular signal regulated protein kinase kinase 1 . ^^^ These results suggest that the intracellular redox levels may be directly coupled to tumor growth , invasion , and metastasis via Elk 1 dependent induction of c Fos controlled genes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Taken together , these data indicate that SRF and TCF contribute to GH promoted transcription of c fos via the SRE and are consistent with GH promoted phosphorylation of Elk 1 contributing to GH promoted transcriptional activation via the SRE . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Gastrin induction of ERK 2 activity also resulted in a threefold increase in the transcriptional activity of Elk 1 , a factor known to bind to the c fos SRE and to be phosphorylated and activated by ERK 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Inhibition of MAP kinase blocks insulin mediated DNA synthesis and transcriptional activation of c fos by Elk 1 in vascular smooth muscle cells . ^^^ Regulation of c fos expression by the transcription factor Elk 1 at the serum response element ( SRE ) is dependent on its phosphorylation by MAPK . ^^^ These data show that MAPK plays a critical role in both insulin mediated growth and Elk 1 dependent induction of c fos in VSMCs . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Notably , the degree of phosphorylation of Elk 1 is tightly correlated with the level of activation of transcription of c fos by proliferative signals . ^^^ To address this question , we have analyzed in the present work ( 1 ) Elk 1 mRNA and protein expression in the adult rat brain , and ( 2 ) the regulation of Elk 1 ( i . e . , its phosphorylation state ) in an in vivo model of immediate early gene ( IEG ) induction : an electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex leading to c fos and zif 268 mRNA induction in the striatum . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
ERKs activation is required for induction of the early gene c fos via phosphorylation of the transcription factor Elk 1 which binds to the c fos serum response element ( SRE ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
TGF beta 1 did not potentiate the effects of TPA on the activation of mitogen activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) and the phosphorylation of Elk 1 and SAP 1a , which belong to TCF at the c fos SRE . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Not only did GHR ( 1 454 ) mediate stimulation of c fos and egr 1 expression and 2 deoxyglucose uptake , but they also mediated GH stimulated transcriptional activation via Elk 1 , a transcription factor associated with the c fos Serum Response Element . ^^^ These studies also indicate that , in contrast to spi 2 . 1 , the N terminal half of the cytoplasmic domain of GHR is sufficient to mediate stimulation of c fos and egr 1 expression and Elk 1 activation , supporting multiple mechanisms for GH signaling to the nucleus . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Elk 1 , an ets related gene codes for at least two splice variants Elk 1 , which regulates c fos transcription and deltaElk 1 , both of which function as transcriptional activators . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Neurotensin type 1 receptor mediated activation of krox 24 , c fos and Elk 1 : preventing effect of the neurotensin antagonists SR 48692 and SR 142948 . ^^^ In addition , we show that the related early response gene c fos and the Ets protein Elk 1 are also induced by NT . ^^^ The involvement of NT 1 R in NT mediated activation of krox 24 , c fos and Elk 1 was demonstrated by the preventing effect of the specific antagonists SR 48692 and SR 142948 . ^^^ Finally , we show that the activation of krox 24 and Elk 1 on the one hand , and that of c fos on the other hand , result from independent transduction pathways since the former are pertussis toxin sensitive whereas the latter is insensitive to pertussis toxin . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , BK stimulated a 2 . 5 fold increase ( P < 0 . 05 ) in phosphorylation of Elk 1 , a transcription factor required for growth factor induced c fos transcription . ^^^ In accord with the stimulation of Elk 1 phosphorylation , BK induced c fos gene expression and the production of Fos / AP 1 complexes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
The activation of the AP 1 complex by insulin was accompanied by ( 1 ) a transient increase in c fos expression , and the transactivation of the ternary complex factors Elk 1 and Sap1a , in an Erk1 / Erk2 dependent fashion ; ( 2 ) a substantial increase in the expression of Fra 1 protein and mRNA , which was preceded by a transient decrease in its electrophoretic mobility upon SDS / PAGE , indicative of phosphorylation ; and ( 3 ) a sustained increase in c jun expression without increasing c Jun phosphorylation on serines 63 and 73 or activation of the stress activated kinase JNK / SAPK . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , epidermal growth factor induced expression of c fos is severely impaired in CLS fibroblasts despite normal phosphorylation of serum response factor and Elk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Elk 1 is a transcription factor whose activation by several mitogen activated protein kinases ( MAPKs ) mediates the immediate early responses of the c fos promoter to growth factors and other stimuli . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Growth hormone stimulates phosphorylation and activation of elk 1 and expression of c fos , egr 1 , and junB through activation of extracellular signal regulated kinases 1 and 2 . ^^^ The transcription factors Elk 1 and Serum Response Factor are necessary for GH stimulated transcription of c fos through the Serum Response Element ( SRE ) . ^^^ The contribution of the Ras / mitogen activated protein kinase kinase ( MEK ) / extracellular signal regulated kinase ( ERK ) pathway to Elk 1 mediated transcriptional activation of the c fos SRE in response to GH was examined . ^^^ Taken together , these data suggest that GH dependent activation of the Ras / MEK / ERK pathway and subsequent serine phosphorylation of Elk 1 contribute to GH stimulated c fos expression through the SRE . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Glutamate induces phosphorylation of Elk 1 and CREB , along with c fos activation , via an extracellular signal regulated kinase dependent pathway in brain slices . ^^^ To investigate biochemically the signaling pathways targeting Elk 1 and c fos in mature neurons , we used a semi in vivo system composed of brain slices stimulated with the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate . ^^^ This corresponds kinetically to a significant increase in Ser 383 phosphorylated Elk 1 and the appearance of c fos mRNA . ^^^ Glutamate also causes increased levels of Ser 133 phosphorylated cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein ( CREB ) but only transiently relative to Elk 1 and c fos . ^^^ These data indicate that ERK functions as a common component in two signaling pathways ( ERK / Elk 1 and ERK / ? / CREB ) converging on the c fos promoter in postmitotic neuronal cells and that CaM Ks act as positive regulators of these pathways . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , we demonstrate that BMP 2 inhibits PDGF induced transcription of c fos gene , a natural target of Elk 1 that normally forms a ternary complex that activates the serum response element of the c fos gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
The transcription factor Elk 1 ( a possible regulator of c fos expression ) was found to be transiently modified by phosphorylation when visual stimulation was applied after a period of dark rearing . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Enhanced DNA binding activity of AP 1 and Elk 1 correlated with increased gene expression of c fos , but not c jun , at 2 h . c myc gene expression was also induced by As ( 3 ) and As ( 5 ) , albeit at a later time point ( 6 h ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Here , we demonstrate that overexpression of CrkL enhances the erythropoietin ( Epo ) or interleukin ( IL ) 3 induced activation of Elk 1 and the c fos gene promoter activity in 32D / EpoR Wt cells . ^^^ These data indicate that the CrkL C3G complex plays a role in Epo or IL 3 induced , Ras dependent activation of the Raf / ERK pathway leading to the activation of Elk 1 and the c fos gene transcription . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Although GLP 2 stimulated the expression of c fos , c jun , junB , and zif 268 , and transiently increased p 70 S6 kinase in quiescent BHK GLP 2R cells , GLP 2 also inhibited extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 / 2 and reduced serum stimulated Elk 1 activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
A paradigm for this type of complex is the ETS domain transcription factor Elk 1 and the MADS box transcription factor SRF which form a ternary complex with the c fos serum response element ( SRE ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Thus Rsk 2 is required for growth factor stimulated expression of c Fos and transcriptional activation of Elk 1 and the serum response factor , but not for activation of CREB or the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway in response to PDGF and IGF 1 stimulation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Thus , inhibitory avoidance training in the rat is associated with an increase in the protein product of an IEG , c fos , which occurs concomitantly with the activation of nuclear MAPK , CREB and Elk 1 . ^^^ Learning associated activation of nuclear MAPK , CREB and Elk 1 , along with Fos production , in the rat hippocampus after a one trial avoidance learning : abolition by NMDA receptor blockade . ^^^ Learning of this task is associated with an activation of p 44 and p 42 MAPKs , CREB and Elk 1 , along with an increase in the levels of the catalytic subunit of PKA and Fos protein in nuclear enriched hippocampal fractions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
SAP 1 and Elk 1 are members of a large group of eukaryotic transcription factors that contain a conserved ETS DNA binding domain and that cooperate with the serum response factor ( SRF ) to activate transcription of the c fos protooncogene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
We show that H . pylori activates the ERK / MAP kinase cascade , resulting in Elk 1 phosphorylation and increased c fos transcription . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
We have shown previously that PDGF induced c fos transcription in mesangial cells is mediated by the ternary complex factor Elk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Phosphorylation of elk 1 by MEK / ERK pathway is necessary for c fos gene activation during cardiac myocyte hypertrophy . ^^^ In this study , we show that phosphorylated Elk 1 , a TCF , binds to c fos SRE and its binding to SRE is increased upon phenylephrine stimulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Both modes of calcium entry induce c fos via activation of multiple signaling pathways that converge on constitutive transcription factors cAMP response element binding protein ( CREB ) , serum response factor ( SRF ) and a ternary complex factor ( TCF ) , such as Elk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
The transcription factors targeted , Elk 1 and serum response factor ( SRF ) , form a ternary complex ( TC ) on the SRE that is necessary and sufficient for induction of c fos by serum . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Because SL 327 antagonized cocaine induced c fos expression and Elk 1 hyperphosphorylation , we suggest that the ERK intracellular signaling cascade is also involved in the prime burst of gene expression underlying long term behavioral changes induced by cocaine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Intracerebroventricular infusion of 8 bromo adenosine 3 ' , 5 ' cyclic monophosphorothioate , Sp isomer ( Sp 8 Br cAMPS ) , increased phosphorylated cAMP responsive element binding protein , phosphorylated Elk 1 and Fos immunoreactivity in a dose dependent manner . ^^^ Intracerebroventricular infusion of the N methyl D aspartate antagonist , MK 801 , decreased , but tetrodotoxin or the mitogen activated extracellular regulated kinase inhibitor , PD 98059 , did not affect Sp 8 Br cAMPS induced phosphorylated c AMP responsive element binding protein , phosphorylated Elk 1 , phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase and Fos immunoreactivity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
The c fos SRE , for example , is known to bind Serum Response Factor ( SRF ) and ternary complex factors such as Elk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
C / EBP beta and Elk 1 synergistically transactivate the c fos serum response element . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element binding protein and phosphorylated Elk 1 contribute to c fos expression by binding to the calcium and cyclic AMP response element and the serum response element , respectively , in the c fos promoter . ^^^ The role of cyclic AMP and mitogen activated protein kinase signalling cascades in glutamate induced cyclic AMP response element binding protein and Elk 1 phosphorylation and Fos expression was investigated using semiquantitative immunocytochemistry in vivo . ^^^ Intracerebroventricular infusion of the sodium channel blocker , tetrodotoxin , decreased the glutamate induced increase in phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element binding protein , phosphorylated Elk 1 , and Fos immunoreactivity . ^^^ Intracerebroventricular infusion of the mitogen activated and extracellular signal regulated kinase inhibitor , PD 98059 , the p 38 mitogen activated protein kinase inhibitor , SB 203580 , or the cyclic AMP inhibitor , Rp 8 Br cAMPS , decreased glutamate induced phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element binding protein , phosphorylated Elk 1 , and Fos immunoreactivity . ^^^ Simultaneous infusion of glutamate and Sp 8 Br cAMPS , a cyclic AMP analogue , augmented induction of Fos immunoreactivity but not phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element binding protein or phosphorylated Elk 1 immunoreactivity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
We found that retinoic acid treatment inhibited the phosphorylation of Elk 1 , a target of activated MAPK required for c Fos transcription . ^^^ In F 9 cells , the MAPK / MEK inhibitor PD 98059 suppressed Elk 1 phosphorylation and c Fos expression , indicating that MAPK activity is required for Elk 1 phosphorylation / activation . ^^^ Phosphoprotein phosphatase 2B ( calcineurin ) , the major phosphatase for activated Elk 1 , is not the target in the disassociation of MAPK activation and c Fos expression since its inhibition by cyclosporin A or activation by ionomycin had no significant effects on serum stimulated c Fos expression and Elk 1 phosphorylation . ^^^ Thus , we conclude that retinoic acid treatment to induce F 9 cell differentiation uncouples Ras / MAPK activation from c Fos expression by reduction of Elk 1 phosphorylation through a mechanism not involving the activation of phosphoprotein phosphatase 2B . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we show that bFGF activates the mitogen activated protein kinase extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 / 2 , resulting in the translocation of phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 / 2 into the nucleus followed by increased binding of Elk 1 to the serum response element of the c Fos promoter , transient induction of c Fos mRNA , and sustained induction of Fra 1 mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Our data indicate that at least two defects are responsible for the decreased c fos transcription in senescent cells , one caused by diminished DNA binding activity of the SRF and another resulting from impaired activation of the TCF , Elk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Transient transfection of Dab 2 by adenoviral vector nevertheless suppresses Elk 1 phosphorylation , c Fos expression , and cell growth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
In intact cells , the ERK 2 mutants were functionally active in phosphorylating Elk 1 and RSK 1 and activating the c fos promoter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
These results indicate that heparin and HS inhibited ET 1 induced ERK activation , resulting in suppression of Elk 1 phosphorylation , and lead to inhibition of c fos gene expression through SRF independent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
The GM CSF promoted cell survival and proliferation correlated with MEK 1 dependent ERK1 / 2 , Elk 1 and CREB phosphorylation and Egr 1 , c Fos expression as well as with increased STAT 5 , AP 1 , c Myb and NF kappaB DNA binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
To explore the mechanism of MOR mediated c fos and junB expression , activity of a transcription factor , Elk 1 , was assessed by reporter assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
The c fos promoter contains a serum response element ( SRE ) that mediates ternary complex formation with the Ets proteins SAP 1 or Elk 1 and the MADS box protein , serum response factor ( SRF ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
To elucidate the mechanisms of c fos downregulation in E1A+cHa ras transformants , we studied the levels of activity of ERK , JNK / SAPK and p 38 kinases and phosphorylation state of Elk 1 transcription factor involved in regulation of c fos gene . ^^^ Due to sustained activity of the MAP kinase cascades , Elk 1 transcription factor is being phosphorylated even in serum starved E1A+cHa ras cells ; moreover , serum does not additionally increase phosphorylation of Elk 1 , which is predominant TCF protein bound to SRE region of c fos gene promoter in these cells . ^^^ Conversely , serum starved REF cells fail to respond to sodium butyrate treatment by c fos activation confirming necessity of prior Elk 1 phosphorylation . ^^^ The refractory state of c fos in E1A+cHa ras cells is likely a consequence of Ras induced sustained activation of MAPK ( ERK ) cascade and persistent phosphorylation of TCF ( Elk 1 ) bound to SRE . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Nuclear activated extracellular signal regulated kinase ( ERK ) was rapidly dephosphorylated , with consequent short term activation of the Elk 1 transcription factor and expression of the c fos gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
This was accompanied by an activation of c Jun and ATF 2 , but not Elk 1 and c Fos . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
In the nucleus , activated ERK1 / 2 continuously phosphorylate Elk 1 , leading to the prolonged expression of c fos , which results in the expression of several genes such as matrix metalloproteinase ( mmp ) 9 ; MMP 9 activity is required for the induction of the cell motility response . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Induction of both c fos ( through the transcription factor Elk 1 ) and c jun , both immediate early genes , is important for the stimulation of VSMC proliferation and migration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Upon endoderm differentiation of F 9 cells induced by retinoic acid , c Fos expression , the downstream target of the Ras pathway , is suppressed by uncoupling Elk 1 phosphorylation / activation to MAPK activity . ^^^ Enhanced MAPK activation as a result of contact with basement membrane is able to compensate for reduced Elk 1 phosphorylation and c Fos expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
In contrast to serum , however , ouabain failed to activate the Elk 1 , serum response factor , CREB and activator protein 1 transcription factors identified within the c Fos promoter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
The function of SRF within the developing CNS is not well established , but it is likely to play an important role in neuraxial development and neuronal function , since many of its known target genes ( e . g . , c fos ) and transcriptional partners ( e . g . , Elk 1 ) are also highly expressed in neurons . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
These actions were dependent upon the activation of multiple MAPK signal pathways , including ERK 5 kinase ; transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor ; and the increased expression and activities of transcription factors ELK 1 , activating transcription factor 2 , c Fos , c Jun , activator protein 1 , and myocyte enhancer factor 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
These data suggest that acute amphetamine is able to facilitate the phosphorylation of CREB , Elk 1 , and ERK1 / 2 signaling proteins and Fos gene expression via a group 1 mGluR dependent mechanism in the dorsal striatum . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Rat embryo fibroblasts ( REF ) transformed with the complementing E1A and cHa ras oncogenes show a down regulation of the c fos early response gene , which is transcribed with the participation of Elk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
The ERK pathway also modulates the expression of genes via phosphorylation of the transcription factor Elk 1 that controls the production of the c Fos transcription factor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Taken together , these data suggest that BN acts as a mitogen in prostate cancer and this might be associated with the activation of the transcription factor Elk 1 and the immediate early gene c fos . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
In addition , KGF and FGF 10 activated expressions of downstream nuclear transcription factors , such as Elk 1 and c myc , but not c fos . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Meanwhile , activation of ERK1 / 2 , phosphorylation of the Elk 1 transcription factor , and , consequently , a substantial elevation of Egr 1 and c Fos levels and AP 1 DNA binding were observed . ^^^ Moderate elevation of [ Ca2+ ] 1 , on the other hand , caused a delayed monophasic activation of ERK1 / 2 and Elk 1 that was accompanied with only a small increase of Egr 1 and c Fos levels and AP 1 DNA binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
The c fos induction kinetically corresponded to the Elk 1 phosphorylation and was attenuated by antisense oligonucleotides that selectively knocked down Elk 1 proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore exposure of cells to insulin has resulted in transient phosphorylation of Elk 1 on Ser 383 and sustained elevation of c Jun and c Fos protein . ^^^ This includes activation of the MAPK cascade and subsequent phosphorylation of Elk 1 followed by increased expression of c fos and c jun genes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Its target c Jun was selectively phosphorylated in CA 1 , CA 3 and the dentate gyrus and c Fos , the transcription of which is under the positive control of c Jun N terminal kinase target Elk 1 , was selectively up regulated in CA 1 and CA 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Also , Mek dependent activation of a TCF ( Elk 1 / Sap 1a ) dependent c fos reporter is decreased by activated Akt . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Using c fos promoter CAT constructs and electrophoretic mobility shift assay ( EMSA ) , the minimal c fos promoter activity was shown to increase within 30 min exposure to serum C5b 9 , which also induced the binding of serum response factor ( SRF ) , along with ternary complex factor ( TCF ) Elk 1 and Sap1a to the serum response element . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Here , we focus on the primary effects of E1A and Ras displayed in transient transfection assay on the transactivating capability of Elk 1 , which is a key transcription factor of c fos gene regulation . ^^^ Our data show that E1A is able to suppress serum and Ras induced stimulation of Gal luc reporter activity by a full length Gal Elk 1 428 fusion protein as well as the expression of c fos promoter driven luciferase constructs ( fos luc ) . ^^^ Thus , upon transient transfection of E1A and Ras oncogenes in REF 52 cells or their stable expression in E1A+cHa ras cells , E1A contributes to the formation of inactive chromatin structure through association with p300 / CBP histone acetyltransferases at c fos promoters , whereas Ras mediates its effect through constitutive activation of the MAP / ERK kinase cascade , thereby promoting the recruitment of HDAC 1 to the Elk 1 transcription factor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
In mouse embryonic fibroblasts , Elk 1 was dispensable for c fos and Egr 1 transcriptional activation upon stimulation with serum , lysophosphatidic acid , or tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate . ^^^ However , in brains of Elk 1 deficient mice , cortical and hippocampal CA 1 expression of c fos , but not Egr 1 or c Jun , was markedly reduced 4 h following kainate induced seizures . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
As a result , downstream activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway occurred , as demonstrated by an increase in ELK 1 phosphorylation and in c FOS expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Consequently , the reduced level of activated Elk 1 protein by extracellular signal regulated kinase impeded constitutive , serum , and superoxide inducible c fos expression . ^^^ Thus , our study revealed a distinct and essential role of NF kappaB in participating in the regulation of elk 1 , c fos , and VEGF expression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Overexpression of WDR 26 in the cell inhibits the transcriptional activities of ETS proteins , ELK 1 and c fos serum response element ( SRE ) , mediated by MEKK 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Differences in activation of the SREs in Egr 1 and c fos were related to promoter sequence , which defines the affinities of Elk 1 and SRF to their respective binding sites . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , ERK activated through this PSD 95 / Homer1b / c dependent and Ca2+ independent pathway was able to phosphorylate the two key transcription factors Elk 1 and cAMP response element binding protein , which further leads to facilitation of c Fos expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , E 2 rapidly phosphorylated both CREB and ELK 1 , transcription factors that bind to the c fos promoter and stimulate transcription . ^^^ Pretreatment with PD 98059 and H 89 , mitogen activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) pathway and protein kinase A ( PKA ) inhibitors , respectively showed that phosphorylation of CREB and ELK 1 and subsequent c fos induction was mediated by the MAPK pathway only . ^^^ Finally , the estrogen receptor ( ER ) antagonist , ICI 182 , 780 , blocked the activation of MAPK pathway , subsequent CREB and ELK 1 phosphorylation and c fos induction in T 84 cells suggesting an ER dependent mechanism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Thus , c fos activation by LPS in glial cells occurs via the SRE or CRE in an independent manner , and involves the Elk 1 or CREB / ATF 1 transcription factors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
In addition to activating PI 3 kinase signaling , EGF increased Erk1 / 2 MAPK activity , leading to transcriptional activation of its nuclear target Elk 1 and resulting in c fos expression . ^^^ Inhibition of PI 3 kinase signaling blocked EGF induced MAPK activity as well as Elk 1 dependent reporter transcription and c fos gene transcription . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Synergistic activation of the transcription factor , Elk 1 , reflected the PRL E 2 interaction at ERK1 / 2 and is a likely mechanism for activation of the c fos promoter via the serum response element . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , ERK1 / 2 , when only coactivated by both IP3 / Ca2+ and Homer1b / c dependent pathways , showed the ability to phosphorylate two transcription factors , Elk 1 and cAMP response element binding protein , and thereby facilitated c Fos expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
CSF 1 induces fos gene transcription and activates the transcription factor Elk 1 in mature osteoclasts . ^^^ CSF 1 induced nuclear protein binding to the fos serum response element that was significantly attenuated by antibodies to the transcription factor Elk 1 but not by Sap 1a . ^^^ CSF 1 induced binding of Elk 1 to the fos gene serum response element appears to be part of the molecular mechanism by which this occurs . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
The SCN circadian clock is also reset by pulses of dark , but it is unknown if this stimulus alters the activity of ERK , the transcription factor Elk 1 or expression of the immediate early gene c fos in the SCN . ^^^ In constant light , levels of phosphorylated ERK ( P ERK ) showed significant circadian variation in the Syrian hamster SCN , while levels of c Fos or phosphorylated Elk 1 ( P Elk 1 ) did not . ^^^ A 6 h dark pulse beginning at circadian time ( CT ) 8 down regulated expression of P ERK and c Fos , but not P Elk 1 , in the SCN . ^^^ When given at the beginning of the subjective night ( CT 13 ) , a 6 h dark pulse did not phase shift behavioural rhythms and failed to alter the expression of c Fos , P ERK , or P Elk 1 in the SCN . ^^^ At the level of the visual thalamus , expression of c Fos in the intergeniculate leaflet was higher during the subjective night as compared to the subjective day , although dark pulses had no robust effects on expression of c Fos or P ELK 1 in this structure . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
We show that COC conditioned place preference ( CPP ) activates ERK , CREB , Elk 1 , and Fos in the nucleus accumbens core ( AcbC ) but not shell . ^^^ Intra AcbC infusions of U 0126 , an inhibitor of the ERK kinase MEK , prevent both the activation of ERK , CREB , Elk 1 , and Fos and retrieval of COC CPP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
However , nuclear translocation of phosphorylated Erk and phosphorylation of its nuclear substrate Elk 1 , which activates the c fos promoter , were impaired . ^^^ CONCLUSION : These results suggest that WASP is essential for NF ATp activation , and for nuclear translocation of p Erk , Elk 1 phosphorylation , and c fos gene expression in T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Merlin effectively attenuated the GH induced serum response element ( SRE ) and Elk 1 mediated transcriptional activation , as well as the endogenous SRE regulated gene c fos expression in NIH3T3 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Pim 1 kinase inhibits the activation of reporter gene expression in Elk 1 and c Fos reporting systems but not the endogenous gene expression : an artifact of the reporter gene assay by transient co transfection . ^^^ However , Western blots showed that the induction of Elk 1 regulated expression of endogenous c Fos was not affected by Pim 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
Mimicking phosphorylation of serine 162 , a target of protein kinase C alpha , with an aspartic acid substitution ( SRF S162D ) completely inhibited SRF DNA binding and blocked alpha actin gene transcription even in the presence of potent myogenic cofactors , while preserving c fos promoter activity because of stabilization of the ternary complex via Elk 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P19419 and P01100 Pubmed SVM Score :0.0
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