Pubmed abstracts for Protein-Protein Interaction search result :

Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.54439167
GFuPA PAI 2 competed with uPA , the N terminal fragment of uPA and a proteolytic fragment of uPA ( amino acids 4 43 ) in cell binding experiments , indicating that the molecule bound to the cells via uPAR . 0.54439167^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :1.0502929
The activation of pro uPA to the active two chain uPA is accelerated with uPAR bound pro uPA and is achieved by plasmin and proteases of other classes like cathepsins G and L . uPAR bound uPA is susceptible to inhibition by its specific inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 , and PN 1 ) . uPA PAI 1 and uPA PN 1 complexes , but not free uPA , are readily internalized and degraded through a mechanism that involves the multiligand receptors alpha 2 macroglobulin receptor / low density lipoprotein receptor associated protein ( alpha 2 MR ) and epithelial glycoprotein 330 ( gp 330 ) . 1.0502929^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.74375307
The `` interactive ' ' Cox model , taking into account interactions between uPA and its two inhibitors , identified a first subgroup with a very poor prognosis associating either high levels of PAI 1 with low levels of PAI 2 in the overall population as well as following stratification for axillary node negative disease , or high levels of uPA with low levels of PAI 2 in the group of menopausal women . 0.74375307^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.89159383
A metastatic human melanoma cell line that produces urokinase type plasminogen activator was stably transfected with cDNA encoding human plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) . 0.89159383^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :1.5329363
The ' interactive ' model , taking into account interactions between uPA and its two inhibitors , identified a first subgroup with a very poor prognosis associating either high levels of PAI 1 with low levels of PAI 2 in the overall population and the women with no node involvement or high levels of uPA with low levels of PAI 2 in the group of menopausal women . 1.5329363^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.51680598
Complexes between the urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and its type 2 inhibitor ( PAI 2 ) are bound by a cell surface receptor for uPA and rapidly cleaved into two fragments of 70 and 22 kDa . 0.51680598^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.57499752
This assumption was supported by the findings that PAI 2 formed complexes with secreted uPA and that uPA / PAI 2 complexes were present at the surface of the PAI 2 secreting HaCaT cells but not at the surface of PAI 2 nonsecreting HaRas cells . 0.57499752^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.68382132
On the other hand , uPA with its inhibitor PAI 2 appears mainly to play a role in degradation of trophoblast cell associated extracellular matrix , and thus may be of greatest importance during early stages of placentation . . 0.68382132^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.55268256
Conjunctival PAI 2 was active , as shown by its ability to complex with a target enzyme , urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) . 0.55268256^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.94458769
These constants although lower than those for uPA in solution still represent rather rapid inhibition of the enzyme , and demonstrate that uPA bound to its specific cellular receptor remains available for efficient inhibition by PAI ' s , which may therefore play a major role in controlling cell surface plasminogen activation and extracellular proteolytic activity . . 0.94458769^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although prourokinase was secreted in amounts sufficient to endogenously saturate trophoblast uPA receptors , trophoblasts secreted greater amounts of PAI 1 and PAI 2 than uPA , and no net plasminogen activator activity was detected in trophoblast conditioned medium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results indicate that PP 1 and PP2A protein phosphatases are involved in signal transduction pathways modulating PAI 2 , u PA , and t PA , and furthermore , that okadaic acid interaction with the protein kinase C and A pathways are gene and cell type specific . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effect of cyclic AMP and phorbol ester on PAI 2 synthesis in a leukemic cell line PL 21 and on u PA secretion in a pre B cell lymphoma cell line RC K 8 ] . ^^^ We investigated the effect of phorbol myristate acetate ( PMA ) , dexamethasone ( Dex ) and reagents which raise intracellular cyclic AMP , on the production of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 ( PAI 2 ) in human promyelocytic leukemia cell line , PL 21 and on the production of urinary type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) in human pre B cell lymphoma cell line , RC K 8 . ^^^ PAI 2 and u PA antigens were measured by ELISA kits . ^^^ PMA , an activator of protein kinase C ( PKC ) , markedly increased both PAI 2 and u PA production in each cell line . ^^^ On the other hand , cAMP increased PAI 2 production in PL 21 cells , but decreased u PA synthesis in RC K 8 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Colonies inducing lysis ( clone C+ and H+ ) or no lysis ( clones B and M ) were isolated and tested for mRNA levels of uPA , tPA , uPA receptor ( uPAR ) and the 3 PA inhibitors ( PAI ) , PAI 1 , PAI 2 and protease nexin 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of proteins which modulate the degradative potential of these enzymes , plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) , uPA receptor , and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases 1 and 2 ( TIMP 1 and TIMP 2 ) , were also assayed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mononuclear phagocytes regulate net PA activity by the balanced expression of urokinase type PA ( uPA ) , in either secreted or membrane associated forms , and a specific plasminogen activator inhibitor , PAI 2 . ^^^ Therefore , understanding how immunomodulators regulate macrophage PA activity requires that the comparative effects of uPA and PAI 2 be elucidated . ^^^ These effects were accompanied by increased immunoreactive uPA and PAI 2 in conditioned media ( enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ) and steady state levels of cellular uPA and PAI 2 mRNA ( Northern analysis ) . ^^^ These differences in secreted activity can be explained by the shift in balance between uPA and PAI 2 proteins . ^^^ Immunoreactive uPA was induced equally by IFN and TNF , but TNF generated higher levels of PAI 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Peripheral blood monocytes are essential participants in processes that require pericellular plasminogen activation , a regulated proteolytic pathway that is greatly influenced by the relative concentrations of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( profibrinolytic ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 ( PAI 2 ) ( anti fibrinolytic ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of therapeutic and pharmacological concentrations of tiaprofenic acid , a non steroidal anti inflammatory drug ( NSAID ) , on the synthesis of the plasminogen activators , urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , and the plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) , by human synovial membranes isolated from osteoarthritis ( OA ) and rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) sufferers was evaluated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 ( PAI 2 ) is a potent and primary inhibitor of urokinase type plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The concentrations of urinary type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , and PAI 2 were measured in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent healthy mucosal tissues . ^^^ Levels of u PA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 were higher in cancer than in control tissues . ^^^ PAI 1 levels were higher together with the progression of cancer however there were no differences in u PA or PAI 2 levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor mRNA in human fibroblasts grown on different substrates . mRNA levels for urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) were examined in human diploid ( neonatal foreskin ) fibroblasts grown in 200 ml microcarrier suspension culture . ^^^ There does not appear to be any difference in uPA mRNA or in mRNA for PAI 1 or PAI 2 produced by the same cells on the four substrates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibitor studies ( PAI 2 , amiloride or Glu Gly Arg chloromethylketone ) confirmed the specificity of the uPA assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 ( PAI 2 ) is an inhibitor of u PA and is present in several neoplastic cell lines and malignant ascites . ^^^ We measured u PA and PAI 2 antigen in tissue homogenates of normal and malignant endometrium from 21 postmenopausal patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma concentration of thrombin antithrombin 3 complex ( TAT ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , PAI 2 , D dimer complex and urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) activity were studied in 30 patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia ( ANLL ) , before and during antileukemic therapy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
P uPA had a low affinity for the inhibitors of plasminogen activator PAI 1 and PAI 2 , and was inhibited only by the excess amounts of inhibitors . ^^^ For PAI 1 , and the KIs of P uPA was greater and for PAI 2 , KI was higher for P uPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We measured antigen levels of 2 kinds of plasminogen activator , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( UK ) , as well as those of their primary inhibitors , type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) and type 2 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 2 ) , in tissue extracts from benign and malignant breast tumors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In identical experiments with placental type PAI ( PAI 2 ) , mut uPA retains 80 % activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We analyzed the effect of IL 1 on the synthesis of collagenase , stromelysin , and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases ( TIMP ) in human cartilage explants and culture chondrocytes , as well as its effect on the secretion of plasminogen activators ( t PA , u PA ) and inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) in cartilage explants . ^^^ The increase in t PA synthesis was accompanied by a decreased PAI 1 level , while the PAI 2 level remained unchanged . u PA could not be detected in the culture medium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Calcitriol induced differentiation of U 937 mononuclear phagocytes is known to have divergent effects on the synthesis of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) . ^^^ Northern blot analysis demonstrated that A 23187 induced an increase in PAI 2 mRNA and a marked reduction in uPA mRNA , while calcitriol induced opposite changes in both mRNA species . ^^^ We conclude that calcitriol modulates uPA and PAI 2 expression by multiple mechanisms that are both PKC dependent and PKC independent . ^^^ Our studies also demonstrated that increased intracellular calcium alters the synthesis of both uPA and PAI 2 in a manner which favors expression of PA inhibitor activity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The purified protein shows a molecular mass of 45 kDa in SDS PAGE , cross reacts with monoclonal antibodies against PAI 2 ( Mab ' PAI 2 ) , and inhibits the amidolytic activity of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) towards the chromogenic substrate Glu Gly Arg pNA ( S 2444 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fibrinolytic system components like tissue plasminogen activators ( t PA ) , and urokinase ( u PA ) , and their inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 were all studied . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The recombinant PAI 2 formed SDS stable complexes with urokinase and tissue type plasminogen activator and inhibited the proteases with similar reaction kinetics to placental PAI 2 ( second order rate constant for uPA , 2 . 4 10 10 ( 6 ) M 1 s 1 , and for two chain tPA , 0 . 7 10 10 ( 5 ) M 1 s 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These latter cell lines also produced plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and type 2 ( PAI 2 ) mRNA and protein . u PA receptor ( u PA R ) mRNA and binding of radiolabeled u PA was found in all melanoma cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To assess the postulated role of plasminogen activation in tumor invasion , we have investigated the cellular sites of synthesis for urokinase type ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) plasminogen activators and their inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) in two human cutaneous neoplasia that differ in their metastatic potential . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The concentrations of cathepsin D ( Cath D ) , urokinase ( uPA ) and two plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) were analysed in the cytosols of 130 human mammary tumours ( 43 benign tumours and 87 primary and unilateral breast carcinomas ) . uPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 levels were measured by antigenic immunoassays and Cath D by immunoradiometric assay . ^^^ When Cath D , uPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 levels in malignant tumours were compared , positive correlations were found for all combinations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , the authors determined the activity and antigen levels of u PA and t PA , and their inhibitors , plasminogen activator inhibitors types 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) , in normal mucosa , adenomatous polyps , and adenocarcinomas of the human colon . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have studied the effect of plasminogen activator inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 on the binding of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) to its receptor in the human choriocarcinoma cell line JAR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While t PA and u PA levels were slightly lower than in adult controls , a significant decrease in PAI activity was demonstrated and no PAI 2 could be detected in fetal plasma . ^^^ In contrast with these findings , the fibrinolytic equilibrium of pregnant women exhibited a prolonged ECLT and a strong increase in both PAI activity and PAI 2 antigen levels , while only a moderate elevation in u PA and t PA levels was measured . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In 22 human tumor cell lines the regulation of production of plasminogen activators urokinase ( u PA ) and tissue type ( t PA ) and their inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 was studied . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to investigate this question , we studied human renal biopsies by immunofluorescence technique with specific antibodies for fibrin , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase ( u PA ) , PAI 1 and PAI 2 . ^^^ Conversely , in cases of vascular nephropathy with thrombosis the positive fluorescence obtained with anti fibrin antibodies at the site of thrombosis was associated with a positive fluorescence with anti PAI 1 and to a lesser extent with anti t PA antibodies . u PA and PAI 2 were not detected in these lesions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Isotopically labeled [ ( 3H ] serine , [ 3H ] proline , and [ 35S ] sulfate ) subendothelial cell basement membranes were used to determine the role of urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and its specific inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) in colon cancer cell extracellular matrix degradation . ^^^ Recombinant PAI 2 irreversibly inhibited low and high molecular weight purified human uPA in addition to both colon cancer cell associated and secreted uPA , particularly if pro uPA had been preactivated . ^^^ This process was inhibitable by PAI 2 in the medium at levels which suggested that some degree of `` shielding ' ' of cell surface uPA from inhibitor occurred . ^^^ The ability of PAI 2 to regulate the invasive phenotype of cells which express cell surface or receptor bound uPA is discussed . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The surface bound u PA was not inhibited by its physiologic inhibitors , PAI 1 or PAI 2 , whereas free u PA was . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mononuclear phagocytes regulate the generation of plasmin by secreting urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) . ^^^ In contrast to normal expression of uPA activity , functional PAI 2 could not be demonstrated in either the conditioned media or cell lysates of THP 1 under basal or stimulated conditions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recombinant class 2 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 2 ) was used in an approach to probe the formation and location of enzymatically active urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) sites on the surface of cultured human rhabdomyosarcoma cells ( RD cells ) . ^^^ Activation of pro u PA on the cell surface and consequent binding of PAI 2 was dependent on the addition of native plasminogen to serum cultures of the cells . ^^^ Inhibition of the enzyme activity of surface bound u PA by the added PAI 2 resulted in a 79 % reduction in the capacity of the RD cells to generate cell surface associated plasmin activity from bound plasminogen . ^^^ Under these conditions , the PAI 2 probe was localized at focal adhesions of RD cells , where it colocalized with both extracellular u PA and intracellular vinculin antigens in double immunofluorescence labeling . ^^^ These results showed the assembly of the plasmin generating system at focal adhesions and the accessibility of bound u PA on which it depends to added PAI 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The relevance of these phenomena and the potential for PAI 2 to be used as a therapeutic inhibitor of urokinase ( uPA ) dependent proteolysis during inflammation and tumour metastasis is discussed . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Receptor bound enzyme can be inhibited by plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) , with a kinetics comparable to that determined for the free enzyme , and uPA / PAI 2 complexes can bind to the uPA receptor . ^^^ In contrast to the active enzyme , the uPA / PAI 2 complex is rapidly cleared from the monocyte cell surface ; this involves an initial cleavage of the complex at the cell surface , followed by endocytosis and degradation . ^^^ These results indicate that the uPA receptor can function both to focus plasmin mediated extracellular matrix degradation in front of migrating cells , and to target uPA / PAI 2 enzyme / inhibitor complexes for degradation ; they suggest that this receptor is a key determinant in the control of uPA catalyzed extracellular proteolysis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human alveolar macrophages are known to synthesize urokinase ( uPA ) and a specific plasminogen activator inhibitor , PAI 2 . ^^^ In this study we have identified a uPA receptor expressed by these cells and defined the influence of PAI 2 on the interaction of uPA with its receptor . ^^^ Preincubation of 125I uPA with PAI 2 dramatically reduced the rate of association of uPA with macrophage uPA receptor . ^^^ Conversely , receptor bound uPA activity was less susceptible to inhibition by PAI 2 than soluble uPA activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma concentrations of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase ( u PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and PAI 2 were studied in 53 patients with liver deficiency caused by chronic alcoholism ( n = 40 ) , viral hepatitis ( n = 10 ) or malignant disease of the liver ( n = 3 ) and compared to that of a control group ( n = 20 ) of healthy subjects . u PA and PAI 1 levels were significantly increased in all patients with chronic alcoholism , whereas high t PA was only observed in combination with disturbed liver function tests or with liver cirrhosis ( two and six fold above control values , respectively ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunol . , 71 : 215 223 ) and concomitantly stimulates the biosynthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) and of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) . ^^^ The sixfold increase of PAI 2 antigen measured 24 h after PMA treatment in cell extracts and conditioned media is accompanied by an equal increase of active PAI 2 mRNA , whereas the 6 to 13 fold increase of u PA antigen in the same samples is associated with only a 1 . 5 fold mRNA increase . ^^^ The increase of PAI 2 , but not of u PA , biosynthesis requires transcription . ^^^ A 50 fold molar excess of PAI 2 over u PA is found in both extracts and conditioned media of PMA treated cells . ^^^ Thus , PAI 2 , but not u PA , is an abundant product of this precursor analogue of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage , and might represent a new marker for monocyte / macrophage differentiation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Constitutive gene expression of four components of plasminogen activating enzyme system , urinary and tissue type plasminogen activator ( u PA and t PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and PAI 2 in HT 1080 human fibrosarcoma cells , was modulated by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone ( Dex , 10 ( 7 ) M ) . ^^^ More than 90 % of u PA , t PA and PAI 1 antigen was found in conditioned medium , whereas PAI 2 was mainly cell associated . ^^^ In 48 h culture supernatants ( expressed per 10 ( 6 ) cells ) PAI 1 antigen increased from 350 to 3 , 300 ng and t PA from 19 to 38 ng . u PA and PAI 2 in the same samples decreased from 380 to 46 ng and from 3 . 5 to 1 . 8 ng , respectively . ^^^ Cycloheximide , an inhibitor of protein biosynthesis induced a rapid transient increase of t PA , u PA and PAI 1 mRNA and a sustained increase of PAI 2 mRNA , but blocked the more long term effects of Dex , suggesting that both constitutive and hormonally regulated maintenance of mRNA steady state levels required protein biosynthesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Highly purified plasminogen activator inhibitors of type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and type 2 ( PAI 2 ) , low Mr form , were compared with respect to their kinetics of inhibition of tissue type ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) . ^^^ The k values for inhibition of single chain t PA , two chain t PA and two chain u PA were respectively , 1200 , 150 and 8 . 5 times higher with PAI 1 than with PAI 2 . ^^^ The removal of the epidermal growth factor domain and the kringle domain from two chain u PA did not affect the kinetics of inhibition of the enzyme , suggesting that the C terminal proteinase part of u PA ( B chain ) is responsible for both the primary and the secondary interactions with PAI 1 and PAI 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The distributions of urokinase and tissue plasminogen activators ( uPA , tPA ) , uPA receptor ( uPAR ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) were studied immunohistochemically in two subsets of colorectal adenocarcinomas with low and high aggressiveness , respectively : nine Dukes ' stage A tumors with additional other good prognostic markers and 13 Duke ' s stage C tumors with also other poor prognostic markers ( referred to as Dukes ' stage A and Dukes ' stage C tumors ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and its inhibitor PAI 2 form a covalent complex that , upon binding to the uPA receptor ( uPA R ) , is cleaved into two fragments of molecular masses 70 kDa and 22 kDa . ^^^ The 70 kDa fragment results from the interaction of the B chain of uPA and PAI 2 whereas the 22 kDa fragment is the A chain of the enzyme [ 13 ] . ^^^ At 4 degrees C , both uPA / PAI 2 complex degradation products remain bound to the uPA R . ^^^ We propose that the 70 kDa molecule , which lacks the uPA binding region for uPA R , is bound to uPA R via a new binding site , unmasked only when uPA R is occupied by uPA / PAI 2 complexes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report that in addition to the transcriptional induction of PAI 2 , treatment of SCC 12F cells with 10 nM TCDD also resulted in an increase in urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To elucidate the pathophysiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ( IPF ) , we examined procoagulant ( tissue factor : TF ) , fibrinolytic ( tissue type plasminogen activator : t PA and urokinase type plasminogen activator : u PA ) and antifibrinolytic ( plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 : PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) activities in bronchoalveolar lavage ( BAL ) supernatant fluids and BAL cell lysates obtained from IPF patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mononuclear phagocytes are known to produce both urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and a specific PA inhibitor , PAI 2 . ^^^ To determine how changes in the expression of u PA and PAI 2 might account for these effects , mRNA for u PA and PAI 2 were assessed by Northern blot analysis . ^^^ Calcitriol induced an increase in u PA mRNA with a marked reduction in PAI 2 mRNA . ^^^ In calcitriol pre treated cells , PMA induced a moderate increase in u PA mRNA and a marked increase in PAI 2 mRNA . ^^^ We conclude that agonist specific differentiation of U 937 cells modulates the expression of PA and PAI activities by altering the proportionate biosynthesis of u PA and PAI 2 proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and 2 ( PAI 2 ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase ( u PA ) and D dimers ( D D ) were quantified in plasma samples and pleural effusion specimens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The serine proteinase urokinase type plasminogen activator was not demonstrated to be the target of PAI 2 action . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We examined the localization of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) and plasminogen ( plg ) in 26 cases of colon cancer by immunohistochemical staining . ^^^ PAI 1 and PAI 2 may have inhibitory actions on cancer invasion and metastasis mediated by u PA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Methods for measuring antigen and activity of plasminogen activators ( t PA , u PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) and their complex have been improved in the past few years , but few comparative data are available and they should be standardized . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Urokinase ( u PA ) is expressed in stromal cells and only in tumour cells at invasive foci , urokinase receptor ( u PAR ) in tumour cells , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) in the intratumoral extracellular matrix and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 ( PAI 2 ) in tumour cells and stromal cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this investigation we show that uPAR levels correlate with uPA levels in human breast cancers . uPAR levels , however , do not correlate with other components of the plasminogen activator system such as tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , PAI 1 or PAI 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Indomethacin treatment of the M phi also prevents M . avium dependent accumulation of mRNA encoding plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 ( PAI 2 ) , an inhibitor of urokinase type plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PATIENTS AND METHODS : In a consecutive series of 203 patients resected for primary gastric cancer , the expression of uPA , uPA receptor ( uPA R ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 , and PAI 2 was determined immunohistochemically . ^^^ RESULTS : Univariate analyses revealed a highly significant inverse correlation of uPA , uPA R , and PAI 1 expression with survival time ( P = . 0008 , P = . 0002 , and P = . 0002 , respectively ) , whereas PAI 2 demonstrated only a weak correlation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we determined uPA , uPA receptor , PAI 1 , and PAI 2 concentrations in primary tumors and tumor infiltrated omentum and retroperitoneal lymph nodes of ovarian cancer patients . ^^^ In metastases of the omentum from ovarian cancer stage FIGO IIIc or 4 patients , we noted a 4 fold elevated uPA content , a 2 fold increase in PAI 1 , and also a significant increase in uPA receptor and PAI 2 over primary tumors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DESIGN : Immunohistochemical localization of urokinase type PA ( uPA ) , tissue type PA ( tPA ) , type 1 PAI ( PAI 1 ) , and type 2 PAI ( PAI 2 ) in four normal lung biopsy specimens and in four adenocarcinomas ( AC ) , four squamous carcinomas ( SC ) , two large cell carcinomas ( LCC ) , and ten small cell carcinomas ( SCC ) biopsy specimens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The relative topographical distribution of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue type PA ( tPA ) , PA inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , PA inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) , plasmin ( ogen ) , alpha 2 antiplasmin , and alpha 2 macroglobulin was studied in lesional epidermis of psoriasis vulgaris , and in normal epidermis , by immunohistochemistry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Additionally , we have measured the release of urokinase ( uPA ) , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) into the cell culture media . ^^^ Upon stimulation with LPS , PCA and released PAI 2 increased sharply , while PA and released uPA declined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , intra individual comparisons were made of the concentrations of t PA , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , PAI 1 , and PAI 2 in GCF from the same sites before and after periodontal treatment in eight healthy male volunteers aged 35 46 yr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study evaluate both the expression and release of PAs ( uPA and tPA ) and PAIs ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) from cultured cells , and also the expression of uPA receptor ( uPAR ) . ^^^ LOX released tPA ( median 9 ng / million cells at 72 hours ) , PAI 1 ( 1050 ng / million cells ) and PAI 2 ( 245 ng / million cells ) , and fibroblasts released uPA ( 1 ng / million cells ) and PAI 1 ( 910 ng / million cells ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We determined PAI 2 antigen levels along with those of uPA and PAI 1 in 1012 routinely prepared tumor cytosols of patients with primary breast cancer ( median follow up , 71 months ) . ^^^ In the overall population there was no significant association between the level of PAI 2 and prognosis , while in tumors with high uPA values , PAI 2 ( test for trend ) was associated with a prolonged relapse free survival , metastasis free survival , and overall survival ( for all analyses , P < 0 . 02 ) . ^^^ In Cox ' s multivariate analysis for relapse free survival , metastasis free survival , and overall survival in tumors with high uPA values ( including patient ' s age , menopausal status , lymph node status , tumor size , estrogen and progesterone receptor status , uPA , and PAI 1 ) , PAI 2 either dichotomized or , as a continuous variable , was independently associated with a favorable relapse free survival , metastasis free survival , and overall survival . ^^^ We speculate that PAI 2 may serve as an inhibitor for uPA in human primary breast cancers . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study the expression of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) antigen in conditioned medium from cultured human umbilical vein ( HUVEC ) and human saphenous vein ( HSVEC ) endothelial cells was investigated under basal conditions and after stimulation with LPS , TNF alpha , interferon gamma ( IFN gamma ) or interleukin 6 ( IL 6 ) alone or in combinations . ^^^ Stimulation with LPS or TNF alpha increased the expression of PAI 1 , u PA and PAI 2 in HUVEC and HSVEC , while the t PA response differed between the two cell types . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 ( PAI 2 ) production by tumor cells was enhanced by suramin ( 100 micrograms / ml ) , whereas urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) production was suppressed . ^^^ Thus , the increase in PAI 2 and the decrease in uPA production correlated with the inhibitory effects on tumour growth and metastasis by suramin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Also , mRNA for the u PA receptor and for PA inhibitor type 2 ( PAI 2 ) , but not for PAI 1 , were detected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The conversion of plasminogen into serine protease plasmin with fibrinolytic activity depends on the actual balance between plasminogen activators ( urokinase type ; u PA and tissue type ; t PA ) and their inhibitors ( type 1 and 2 plasminogen activator inhibitors ; PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Single chain u PA ( scu PA ) was recently found to efficiently initiate cell surface plasminogen activation , and we herein describe the interaction of scu PA with PAI type 2 ( PAI 2 ) . ^^^ Although scu PA did not form SDS stable complexes with PAI 2 , preincubation of scu PA with 125I PAI 2 demonstrated a dose dependent inhibition of SDS stable complex formation between 125I PAI 2 and subsequently added two chain u PA . ^^^ This indicates that although a `` stable intermediate ' ' type complex between scu PA and PAI 2 was not detected , there was a physical association between the two molecules that shared at least some determinants with the two chain u PA PAI 2 complex . ^^^ In contrast , Glu 158 scu PA bound to u PA receptors on monocytes was only minimally inhibited by a large molar excess of PAI 2 . ^^^ These data suggest that the initiation of cell surface plasminogen activation may involve the partitioning of scu PA between PAI 2 ( a `` negative modulator ' ' ) and the u PA receptor ( a `` positive modulator ' ' ) and that the enzymatic activity of receptor bound scu PA may allow initiation of cell surface proteolysis even in PAI 2 rich environments . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects of calcium on human foreskin keratinocyte expression of urokinase type ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) plasminogen activator enzymes and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) were assessed by Northern analyses . ^^^ Our data show that keratinocytes , cultured in the presence of low and high CaCl 2 concentrations , express transcripts for uPA and PAI 2 . ^^^ Message levels for uPA were dramatically reduced in cultures stimulated with calcium , whereas those for PAI 2 were only slightly decreased . ^^^ Additionally , they suggest that the ratio of PAI 2 to uPA increases with keratinocyte differentiation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , uPA bound to monocyte / macrophages and its interactions with plasminogen activator inhibitors types 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) may modify atherogenesis by altering cell associated proteolytic activity , degradation of ECM , and neointimal formation at sites of vascular injury . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In cell homogenates PAI 2 was probed by [ 125I ] urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and detected as a sodium dodecyl sulphate stable M ( r ) 80 , 000 complex after reducing sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography . ^^^ During apoptosis a smaller ( M ( r ) 70 , 000 ) uPA PAI 2 complex was consistently detected . ^^^ The modification was in the PAI 2 moiety , as the [ 125I ] uPA tracer could be extracted in its intact form from the complex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the same subjects we also measured plasma antigen levels of tissue type PA ( t PA ) , urokinase type PA ( u PA ) , PAI 1 , PAI 2 , and D dimer . ^^^ Plasma levels of D dimer were markedly increased in the patient ' s group ( p < 0 . 001 ) , whereas u PA and PAI 2 antigens did not differ from controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We quantitated urokinase and tissue plasminogen activator ( u PA , t PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) , and fibrinolytic activity in peripheral blood ( PB ) , tumour blood ( TB ) , peritoneal / ascitic fluid ( PAF ) and cystic fluid ( CF ) from 104 patients with benign and 36 patients with malignant ovarian tumours , and in peripheral blood from 62 healthy controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Receptor bound uPA may be inhibited by the specific inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 , and the complex thus formed may subsequently be internalized and degraded in lysosomes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human colorectal carcinogenesis has been shown previously to be associated with impressive changes in the tissue levels of plasminogen activators and their inhibitors , exemplified by an increase in the urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and the inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 , and a decrease in tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) . ^^^ Univariate analyses revealed that a low t PA antigen level , low t PA activity , and high u PA / t PA antigen ratio in normal mucosa and a high u PA and PAI 2 antigen level in carcinomas are prognostic for a poor overall survival of patients with colorectal cancer . ^^^ The prognostic value of t PA antigen and activity in normal mucosa , the antigen ratio of u PA in carcinoma ( C ) and t PA in corresponding normal ( N ) mucosa [ u PA ( C ) / t PA ( N ) antigen ratio ] , and PAI 2 antigen in carcinomas was found to be independent from clinicopathological parameters by multivariate analyses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mRNA level for u PA , a plasminogen activator that is inhibited by PAI 2 , was not altered following TCDD treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These lines were then analyzed to determine the specific protein ( s ) responsible for differences in PA activity . mRNA and protein levels of cellular uPA , tPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 were measured using Northern blot analysis and ELISA assays . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of plasminogen activators ( PA ) , tissue type ( t PA ) and urokinase type ( u PA ) , as well as PA inhibitors ( PAI ) , type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and type 2 ( PAI 2 ) , were investigated immunohistochemically in 97 human pancreatic carcinomas . u PA expression predominated in pancreatic carcinomas , compared with t PA [ u PA expression in 76 specimens ( 78 . 4 % ) and t PA in eight specimens ( 8 . 2 % ) ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 ( PAI 2 ) is an inhibitor of u PA and is present in several neoplastic cell lines and malignant ascites . ^^^ We measured u PA and PAI 2 antigen in tissue homogenates of normal and malignant endometrium from 21 postmenopausal patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Macrophage colony stimulating factor ( M CSF or CSF 1 ) and granulocyte macrophage CSF ( GM CSF ) have been shown to increase human monocyte urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) activity with possible consequences for cell migration and tissue remodeling ; because monocyte u PA activity is likely to be controlled in part also by the PA inhibitors ( PAIs ) made by the cell , the effect of M CSF and GM CSF on human monocyte PAI 2 and PAI 1 synthesis was investigated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we measured the antigen levels of urokinase ( u PA ) , tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) , and type 2 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 2 ) , and cancer tissue ( 19 adenocarcinomas and 19 squamous cell carcinomas ) and normal lung tissue . ^^^ RESULTS . u PA , PAI 1 , and PAI 2 antigen levels in cancer tissue were significantly higher than those in normal tissue ( P < 0 . 001 in u PA and PAI 1 ; P < 0 . 005 in PAI 2 ) , whereas t PA antigen levels in cancer tissue were significantly lower than those in normal tissue ( P < 0 . 005 ) . ^^^ In case with lymph node involvement ( LN+ cases ) , PAI 2 antigen levels were significantly lower than those in cases without lymph node involvement ( LN cases ) ( P < 0 . 02 ) , whereas there was no difference in either u PA or PAI 1 antigen levels between these two groups . ^^^ Furthermore , u PA antigen levels showed a significant positive correlation with PAI 2 antigen levels in LN cases ( r = 0 . 696 ; P < 0 . 005 ) , although there was no correlation between these two parameters in LN+ cases . ^^^ The antigen levels of u PA , PAI 1 , and PAI 2 in cancer tissue were significantly higher than those in normal tissue , and lower content of PAI 2 was associated with lymph node metastasis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of uPA receptor and PAI 2 were stimulated and persisted at 48 hours from RA addition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Concentrations of PAI 2 correlated significantly with SF leukocyte count and cytidine deaminase ( CD ) activity and u PA concentrations correlated with CD activity . ^^^ Both PAI 2 and u PA were detected in supernatants from lysed polymorphonuclear cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , we reported that highly metastatic behavior of human melanoma cells in nude mice correlates with urokinase type PA ( u PA ) expression and activity and with PA inhibitor type 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) expression . ^^^ Tissue type PA was present in endothelial cells in all lesions , whereas in metastases it could be detected in tumor cells in a minority of the lesions . u PA , its receptor , PAI 1 , and PAI 2 could not be detected in benign and in early stages but appeared frequently in advanced primary melanoma and melanoma metastasis lesions . u PA was detected in stromal cells and in tumor cells at the invasive front , the u PA receptor and PAI 2 in tumor cells , and PAI 1 in the extracellular matrix surrounding tumor cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Quantitative zymography and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay were used to determine the amounts of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator , and plasminogen activator inhibitors type 1 and type 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) in benign and malignant primary brain tumors ( n = 28 ) as well as nonneoplastic brain ( n = 5 ) . u PA and PAI 1 antigen were undetectable in normal brain but significantly elevated in glioblastoma multiforme ( u PA , 2 . 86 + / 3 . 01 ng / mg ; PAI 1 , 8 . 19 + / 5 . 57 ng / mg ; P < 0 . 001 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In pre eclampsia ( PE ) , reduced levels of plasma urokinase like plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) , and increased levels of plasma tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) antigen were seen . ^^^ Patients with moderate and severe PE had significantly lower levels ( mean + / SD , ng / ml ) of PAI 2 ( 58 . 4 + / 34 . 9 ) and u PA antigen ( 1 . 61 + / 0 . 62 ) as compared to those with mild PE ( 95 . 6 + / 39 . 3 and 1 . 61 + / 0 . 62 and 2 . 12 + / 0 . 61 , respectively ) . ^^^ It appears that measurements of plasma u PA and PAI 2 levels in patients with PE may have prognostic value in determining the outcome of pregnancy in this pregnancy disorder . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We studied the plasminogen activation system in tumor tissue by measuring the antigen level of the 2 plasminogen activators , tissue type ( t PA ) and urokinase type ( U PA ) and their inhibitors , plasminogen activator inhibitors type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and type 2 ( PAI 2 ) in the tissue extracts of 43 human benign and malignant ovarian tumors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Aprotinin , polyclonal anti u PA IgG , recombinant PAI 2 , and co culture with human PAI 1 producing mouse L cells significantly inhibited this degradation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treatment of HL 60 , K 562 , THP 1 , and U 937 cells with PMA resulted in an induction of urokinase type PA ( u PA ) , the u PA receptor ( u PAR ) , and PAI types 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mononuclear phagocytes regulate net PA activity by modulating the expression of urokinase type PA ( uPA ) and a specific plasminogen activator inhibitor , PAI 2 . ^^^ To understand the regulation of mononuclear phagocyte PA activity , it is important to compare the expression of uPA and PAI 2 . ^^^ To further investigate the mechanism underlying this effect , Northern blot analysis was done to measure steady state mRNA for uPA and PAI 2 . ^^^ We conclude that IL 1 and IL 2 modulate monocyte proteolytic activity by increasing expression of uPA and PAI 2 with a resultant predominance of PAI 2 . ^^^ We further conclude that cytokine specific regulation of plasminogen activity is achieved partly by varying the proportionate expression of uPA and PAI 2 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We , therefore , performed immunohistological studies on human colon tumours using monoclonal antibodies against urokinase ( u PA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) as well as against plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) . ^^^ However , two of four human colon carcinoma cell lines weakly expressed u PA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 . ^^^ Intestinal dendritic or fibroblast like cells within the tumour tissue strongly expressed u PA and , at a lower level , also t PA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We determined the plasma antigen levels of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) in 41 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 28 patients with different stages of liver cirrhosis . ^^^ No significant differences of u PA and PAI 2 levels were calculated between the two groups of tumor patients ( HCC ) and liver cirrhosis without tumor ( non HCC ) . ^^^ Within both study groups , no significant differences were found in u PA and PAI 2 levels of the different Child categories . ^^^ Discriminative functions of both u PA and PAI 2 ( total error count estimates of 43 . 1 % and 43 . 6 % , respectively ) , were low compared to that ( 29 . 0 % ) of alpha fetoprotein ( AFP ) . ^^^ However , whether plasma u PA and PAI 2 may be considered as a risk factor further investigation was needed and our findings raise the question as to whether these markers could be considered as useful screening markers for earlier detection of HCC in liver cirrhosis because discriminant functions of u PA and PAI 2 were not significant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS AND RESULTS : Enzyme immunoassays ( EIAs ) showed that urokinase and tissue plasminogen activators ( uPA , tPA ) and PA inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) were present in ascites from both patient groups and that tPA was the predominant PA . uPA , tPA , and PAI 1 , were detected in plasma from patients and controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The balance of proteases and inhibitors differed dramatically from that observed in plasma , with higher levels of t PA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 , and lower levels of u PA ( urokinase ) , plasminogen , alpha 2 AP and t PA PAI 1 complex in bone marrow , and resulted in favourable conditions for fibrinolysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In particular , low tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) levels , as antigen or as activity , high uPA : tPA antigen ratio in corresponding normal mucosa , high levels of uPA related antigen and activity and of PAI 2 antigen in neoplastic tissue , and high uPA ( neoplastic mucosa ) : tPA ( normal mucosa ) ratio , were all parameters associated with a poor overall survival . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Young and senescent cells were compared in quiescent and activated growth conditions for the secretion of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In line with this hypothesis , we have studied , by immunohistochemistry , the distribution of PAI 2 , uPA and tPA in the normal and in the lesional epidermis of patients with lupus erythematosus ( LE ) , a disease in which epidermal differentiation is disturbed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prognostic relevance of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 in gastric cancer . ^^^ Expression of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) was evaluated in 125 surgically resected gastric cancers by immunohistochemical analysis . ^^^ Tissue was stained immunohistochemically with a monoclonal antibody against human uPA and monoclonal antibodies against human PAI 1 and PAI 2 . ^^^ PAI 2 expression was observed in 65 ( 52 % ) of the 125 gastric cancers as a diffuse cytoplasmic staining . uPA positive tumours showed a higher incidence of infiltration , lymph node metastasis and peritoneal dissemination that uPA negative ones . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We examined mRNA expressions of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , its specific receptor ( u PR ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) in 50 human breast cancers by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction method . ^^^ Also , positive expression of u PA , u PR , and PAI 1 was significantly correlated with negative expression of PAI 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To further investigate possible involvement of the PA system , we quantified immunoreactive urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , both plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) and u PA receptor ( u PAR ) in synovial tissue extracts of 14 patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) and 12 with osteoarthritis ( OA ) . u PA , PAI 1 , PAI 2 and u PAR concentrations were significantly higher in RA than in OA patients . t PA antigen levels were significantly lower in RA than in OA synovial tissue extracts . ^^^ Intense immunostaining of u PA , u PAR , PAI 1 and , to a lesser degree , PAI 2 was observed predominantly in the synovial lining of RA patients . ^^^ In OA patients , u PA , PAI 1 , PAI 2 and u PAR were barely detectable . t PA immunostaining was restricted to the endothelial side of vascular walls in both groups . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Conflicting results have been obtained concerning the production of urokinase type PA ( u PA ) and efforts to show PA inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) met with failure . ^^^ Subconfluent cells ( third passage ) were incubated overnight in serum free medium . t PA , u PA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 antigens were assayed by ELISA methods and PA and PAI activities by amidolytic methods both in conditioned medium ( CM ) and cell extracts ( CE ) . ^^^ At variance with the former , which was largely released in the culture medium , PAI 2 was mainly cell associated . t PA antigen was found in all but two cell lines while u PA antigen was detected in relatively high concentrations in 8 cell lines . ^^^ Functional assays of cell extracts demonstrated the presence of PA activity , again identified as u PA , only in samples ( five lines ) containing u PA antigen in excess over PAI 2 . ^^^ PAI activity was found instead in the extracts in which the inhibitor was higher than the activator ( six lines ) and was identified as PAI 2 , as it inhibited u PA but not single chain t PA and was neutralized by a polyclonal anti PAI 2 antibody . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Monocytes responded to LDL stimulation by increased production of PAI 2 , with no corresponding increase in u PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Antigen levels of tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitors type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and PAI 2 in GCF were determined with ELISAs and 17 beta oestradiol and progesterone in serum with radioimmunoassays . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overexpression of PAI 2 inhibited the spread of distant metastasis indicating a role for uPA / plasmin in melanoma invasion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The clinical significance of secreted levels of uPA , its receptor ( uPAR ) , and its inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) in the ascites of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer patients was investigated . ^^^ METHODS : uPA , uPAR , PAI 1 , and PAI 2 were measured in the primary ascites of 36 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay , and normalized to protein content . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , the different uPA ELISA kits use antibodies which differ in specificity and affinity for the various forms of uPA including pro uPA , HMW uPA , LMW uPA , the aminoterminal fragment ( ATF ) and complexes with inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) and the receptor ( uPAR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The antigen levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 ( PAI 2 ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) were measured during pregnancy and severe preeclampsia . ^^^ Immunohistochemical examination of placental tissue showed that the PAI 2 and u PA antigens were localized in syncytiotrophoblasts . ^^^ In severe preeclampsia , the PAI 2 and u PA antigens in placental tissue did not stain as clearly as during the 3rd trimester of normal pregnancy . ^^^ The PAI 2 and u PA antigen levels showed a positive correlation with birth weight . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cell bound uPA is regulated by plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) or type 2 ( PAI 2 ) . ^^^ The presence of uPA and its receptor as well as PAI 2 was disclosed in epidermal keratinocytes in the roof of the subepidermal blisters . ^^^ Co localization was found for uPA and its receptor , uPA and plasmin ( ogen ) as well as for uPA and PAI 2 . ^^^ We propose that the expression of uPA and uPA R , as well as the upregulation of PAI 2 in keratinocytes of lesional epidermis is part of the repair and reepithelialization process following lesion formation , i . e . epidermo dermal dyshesion , in bullous pemphigoid . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase 1 ( MMP 1 ) , matrix metalloproteinase 8 ( MMP 8 ) , matrix metalloproteinase 9 ( MMP 9 ) , lactoferrin and urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and the inhibitors , tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 ( TIMP 1 ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 2 ) , and alpha 2 macroglobulin in the synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis was determined before and during chemical synoviorthesis with a sodium salt of the fatty acids from cod liver oil ( Varicocid ) . ^^^ All granulocyte derived enzymes were strongly correlated with each other , whereas their dependence on the granulocyte count was only weak . uPA and PAI 2 showed good correlations with the granulocytes derived enzymes , but were also only weakly correlating with the cell counts . t PA was not detected by the ELISA used . ^^^ The proteases , MMP 8 , MMP 9 and uPA were increased 8 h after the treatment , whereas the specific inhibitors TIMP 1 , PAI 1 and PAI 2 showed significant changes only 24 h after the injection . ^^^ The levels of uPA and PAI 2 are also parallel to the granulocyte enzyme levels and might underly the same regulatory mechanism . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The levels of uPA , its inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 , and the uPA receptor ( uPAR ) have prognostic value in breast cancer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The plasminogen activator system ( PA system ) consists of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue type PA ( tPA ) , as well as the two types of plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) . ^^^ In keratinocytes directly involved in the epidermal split formation , plasmin ( ogen ) was stained in nine of 10 cases , uPA R and uPA in four of 10 cases and PAI 2 in seven of 10 cases . ^^^ Together , acantholytic plasmin ( ogen ) + keratinocytes appeared in three different phenotypes : uPA R+ / uPA+ and PAI 2+ , uPA R / uPA and PAI 2+ , as well as uPA R / uPA and PAI 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Available plasmin , required for MMP zymogen activation , is regulated by plasminogen activators ( uPA , tPA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However both fusion proteins showed no inhibitory activity with the PAI 2 target protease urokinase ( uPA ) and no decrease in stability as analysed by transverse urea gradient ( TUG ) gels . ^^^ The third chimeric fusion protein constructed ( F 3 ) contained 64 % PAI 2 and did demonstrate inhibition of uPA , SDS PAGE stable complex formation with uPA and increased instability on TUG gels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) is an important regulator of plasminogen activation , which inhibits both tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In previous studies we found that colorectal carcinomas have a marked increase of the urokinase type of plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , and the inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 , whereas the tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) is found to be decreased in comparison with adjacent normal mucosa . ^^^ Uni and multivariate analyses indicated that a high PAI 2 antigen level in carcinoma , a low t PA activity and antigen level and a high u PA / t PA antigen ratio in adjacent normal mucosa are significantly associated with a poor overall survival . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Strong clinical and experimental evidence has accumulated that the tumor associated serine protease plasmin , its activator uPA ( urokinase type plasminogen activator ) , the receptor uPA R ( CD 87 ) , and the inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 are linked to cancer invasion and metastasis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) system consists of the serine proteinases plasmin and u PA ; the serpin inhibitors alpha 2 anti plasmin , PAI 1 and PAI 2 ; and the u PA receptor ( u PAR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since transcription factors bound to AP 1 recognition sequences within the PAI 2 gene promoter play a role in basal and phorbol ester mediated induction of PAI 2 gene expression , we hypothesised that u PA / u PAR mediated modulation of AP 1 activity would in turn influence constitutive and inducible PAI 2 gene expression . ^^^ Treatment of HT 1080 or U 937 cells with high molecular weight u PA ( HMW u PA ) resulted in induction of nuclear proteins binding to a functional AP 1 element in the proximal PAI 2 promoter . ^^^ We also demonstrate the u PA treatment potentiated phorbol ester ( PMA ) mediated induction of PAI 2 mRNA , indicating that u PA binding produces a bone fide response in vivo . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Introduction of an RRHR motif into chicken urokinase type plasminogen activator ( ch uPA ) confers sensitivity to plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 and PAI 2 and allows ch uPA mediated extracellular matrix degradation to be controlled by PAI 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Progressively aggressive neoplastic cells evidence high expression of u PA and u PAR activities , variable expression of t PA , and enhanced PAI 1 and PAI 2 activities . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Secreted PAI 2 was active as an inhibitor of u PA , whereas intracellular PAI 2 required detergent treatment to generate activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the primary cancers , PAI 2 levels correlated weakly but significantly with those of uPA and PAI 1 , but not with tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) or uPA receptor ( uPAR ) levels . ^^^ In contrast to findings at the protein level , PAI 2 mRNA levels failed to correlate with those for uPA or PAI 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To compare the plasminogen activators ( tPA , uPA ) and their inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) at different gestational ages , related to levels in women at term and non pregnant women . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MC were found to react with antibodies against tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase receptor ( uPAR / CD87 ) , but not with antibodies against urokinase ( uPA ) or plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tissue specific expression of PAIr immunoreactivity was not significantly altered in association with labor onset . uPA and PAI 2 staining was localized predominantly to amnion epithelial cells , underlying chorion , and trophoblast cells of villous and extravillous tissue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Enhanced invasion was not associated with significant changes in the expression of uPA or its membrane receptor UPAR ; plasminogen activator inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 ; metalloproteinases MMP 1 , MMP 2 , MMP 3 , MMP 9 and membrane type MMP 1 ; or tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases TIMP 1 and TIMP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our study focused on the possible roles of PAI 1 , PAI 2 , and uPA in tPA in myocyte hypertrophy and angiogenesis in the early and late stages of pressure overload induced left ventricular hypertrophy ( LVH ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of uPA , activators of uPA ( cathepsin D , antithrombin 3 ) , uPA substrates ( plasminogen , matrix metalloproteinase 2 [ collagenase 4 , 72 kD ; MMP 2 ] ) , uPA / plasmin inhibitors ( plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and 2 [ PAI 1 , PAI 2 ] , alpha 1 antitrypsin , alpha 2 antiplasmin ) , uPA receptor ( uPA R ) , and parameters of the uPA R cycle ( alpha 2 macroglobulin , alpha 1 antichymotrypsin ) could be determined immunohistochemically and were scored semiquantitatively in 203 patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 and 2 , and soluble uPA receptor ( suPA R ) concentrations were assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) in the conditioned media . uPA and PAI 2 concentrations were not influenced by steroid treatment and did not differ between women with and without endometriosis , whereas PAI 1 was significantly up regulated by promegestone in both groups . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A retrospective study of surgically resected breast cancers from 73 patients revealed significant clinical differences associated with u PA and PAI 2 expression in cancer cells , associated with a poor and a good prognosis , respectively . ^^^ Expression of u PA and PAI 2 in cancer cells themselves may serve to up regulate and limit PA mediated invasion and metastasis , respectively . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We present a systematic analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemical stainings for components of the plasminogen activation system , i . e . , uPA , tPA , PAI 1 , PAI 2 , and uPAR , on routinely processed ( formalin fixed , paraffin embedded ) tissues . ^^^ For uPA , PAI 2 , and uPAR , consistent staining results were obtained on paraffin sections . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The relative distribution of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) was studied in cultured human gingival fibroblasts , healthy gingival tissues and inflamed gingival tissues by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ In cultured gingival fibroblasts t PA , u PA and PAI 1 were expressed in cytoplasm ; u PA and PAI 1 were more intensely stained than t PA ; PAI 2 was not detectable in gingival fibroblasts . ^^^ Following interleukin 1 beta ( IL 1 beta ) stimulation , the intensity of intracellular staining for t PA was increased and a number of cells staining strongly for PAI 2 were seen ; no difference in the intensity of immunostaining level was noted for the expression of u PA and PAI 1 between IL 1 beta stimulated cells and unstimulated cells . ^^^ In healthy gingival tissues , u PA and PAI 1 displayed a wide distribution throughout all the connective tissue and epithelium ; t PA localized mainly in the connective tissue while PAI 2 showed little association with the connective tissue but did faintly stain in the epithelial layer . ^^^ In inflamed gingival tissues , staining for t PA was significantly increased in the extracellular matrix of the connective tissue , whereas staining for u PA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 was found to be slightly increased , but no significant difference was noted for staining when compared with the healthy gingival tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In situ hybridization analysis showed that the distribution and localization of mRNAs for tPA , uPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 were similar in the fetal membranes of human and rhesus monkey ; no obvious species difference was observed . ^^^ No detectable amount of mRNAs for tPA , uPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 was found in the fibroblast , reticular and spongy layers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Plasma tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and the plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) were evaluated and compared with plasma 17 beta estradiol levels , ranging from 20 pg / mL to > 5 , 000 pg / mL during the course of treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The serine proteinase inhibitor ( serpin ) plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 ( PAI 2 ) is well characterized as an inhibitor of extracellular urokinase type plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of this study was to quantify , by Northern analysis , the gene expression of urokinase plasminogen activator ( UPA ) , urokinase receptor ( UPAR ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 ( PAI 2 ) in human gestational tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The concentrations of the specific activators ( u PA and t PA ) and the specific inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) of the fibrinolytic system were analyzed in the peritoneal fluid in women suffering from intra abdominal adhesions , endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory diseases ( PID ) . ^^^ At laparoscopies , when adhesions were verified , u PA in the peritoneal fluid was significantly increased and in cases of endometriosis PAI 2 was significantly reduced . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue extraction procedures for investigation of urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and its inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 in human breast carcinomas . ^^^ Urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and its inhibitors , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and type 2 ( PAI 2 ) , are supposed to be involved in the expression of the invasive and metastatic phenotype of cancer cells . ^^^ Urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and its inhibitors , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and type 2 ( PAI 2 ) , are supposed to be involved in the expression of the invasive and metastatic phenotype of cancer cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We measured uPA and PAI 1 activities and uPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 antigen concentrations in cervical extracts from normal , squamous intraepithelial lesions ( SIL ) or invasive carcinoma patients . ^^^ The increase in uPA activity and the antigen levels of uPA and PAIs ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) in stages 2 4 of invasive carcinoma of the cervix suggests that these components play an important role in invasion and metastasis in advanced stages of this tumour . . ^^^ Urokinase type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) in extracts of invasive cervical carcinoma and precursor lesions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bovine mammary epithelial ( BME UV 1 , clone E T and BME UV , clone E T 2 ) and myoepithelial ( BMM UV , clone m T 2 ) cell lines were used to study the modulation of cell associated activity of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , as well as mRNA transcripts of u PA , its receptor ( u PAR ) , and inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) during the cell cycle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , PAI 2 negative cases of uPA ( + ) / uPAR ( + ) were significantly more invasive ( p < 0 . 0001 ) . ^^^ Such uPA ( + ) / uPAR ( + ) / PAI 2 ( ) cases almost always showed secondary lymph node metastasis ( p < 0 . 01 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The plasminogen activators tPA and uPA , and their inhibitors , PAI 1 and PAI 2 , have been associated with epithelial homeostasis and wound healing . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cultured mesothelial cells produced tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and type 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) during unstimulated conditions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Leukaemic and normal bone marrow samples were compared in terms of their content of the fibrinolytic agents , tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and their inhibitors . plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The PAI 2 was originally detected in the human placenta , which inhibits urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) while it is unable to inhibit tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found an increase in tPA activity and in PAI 1 concentration as well as a decrease in PAI 1 activity in renal allograft recipients as compared to healthy controls , but did not confirm a correlation between these observations and CsA administration . tPA and PAI 2 concentrations as well as uPA activity did not significantly differ between the studied groups . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When PAI 2 , purified from human cornified cells , was added to synchronized keratinocytes , S phase was no longer evident and the peak uPA activity was eliminated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The following haemostatic parameters were determined ; thrombelastography , fibrinogen , antithrombin 3 ( ATIII ) , thrombin antithrombin ( TAT ) complex , beta thromboglobulin ( beta TG ) , plasminogen activators ( t PA , u PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) , and plasminogen . ^^^ However , in PE a further reduction in ATIII , u PA and PAI 2 with increased fibrinogen and platelet activation could lead to an imbalance in the coagulation / fibrinolysis equilibrium which favours fibrin deposition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of u PA , u PAR and PAI 1 was detected in approximately 80 % of primary lung cancers , whereas detectable PAI 2 expression was observed only in half of the overall cases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Endothelial cells express fibrinolytic proteins including : urokinase ( u PA ) and tissue type ( t PA ) plasminogen activators , type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and 2 ( PAI 2 ) plasminogen activator inhibitors , and u PA receptor ( u PAR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This group has been previously characterized for the expression of urokinase ( uPA ) , uPA receptor , PAI 2 and macrophage colony stimulating factor ( CSF 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The transcriptional localizations of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , its receptor ( uPAR ) and its inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) , which are possibly involved in cancer metastasis , have not been determined in human lung cancer . ^^^ The amounts of uPA and PAI 2 mRNA were significantly higher in cancerous relative to normal lung tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PAI 2 inhibits both u PA and two chain t PA . ^^^ During preeclampsia t PA and PAI 1 levels are markedly increased in plasma , and in cases of intrauterine growth retardation , u PA and PAI 2 levels are decreased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MC were examined by Giemsa staining and by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against tryptase , chymase , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase ( uPA ) , urokinase receptor ( uPAR ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Neither uPA , tPA , nor the PAIs could be detected in tympanic membrane controls ; ear canal skin showed the same staining pattern as cholesteatoma only for PAI 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : High levels of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) were demonstrated in gastric carcinomas along with inhibitors of plasminogen activators ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) . ^^^ The expression of u PA , PAI 1 , PAI 2 and p 53 was compared immunohistochemically in the recurrence and control groups . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Monocyte plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) inhibits u PA mediated fibrin clot lysis and is cross linked to fibrin . ^^^ Here we show that monocytes inhibited u PA but not t PA mediated fibrinolysis , by secreting PAI 2 into an overlying fibrin clot . ^^^ This study defines a mechanism by which PAI 2 is localized to fibrin , where it acts as an effective inhibitor of u PA mediated fibrinolysis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The u PA system consists of plasmin , u PA , specific u PA receptor and the serpins , PAI 1 and PAI 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PAI 2 mRNA levels generally varied inversely from those of its target , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and the macrophage growth factor CSF 1 , which induces uPA , inhibited PAI 2 expression in cells treated subsequently with LPS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recombinant adenoviral vectors expressing u PA , t PA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 were employed to correlate the expression of components of the fibrinolytic system with the invasiveness of HT 1080 tumor cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibitors of PA ( type 2 ; PAI 2 ) and a specific antisense uPA oligonucleotide also reduced enzymatic activity , suggesting that fibrinolysis depends on translational regulation of uPA . ^^^ In addition , the activation of plasmin from plasminogen was inhibited by anti E cadherin antibodies and PAI 2 , consistent with a role for uPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 ( PAI 1 ) and 2 ( PAI 2 ) are two specific inhibitors of u PA . ^^^ Using immunohistochemistry , we analyzed the pattern of expression of u PA , PAI 1 , and PAI 2 in non small cell lung carcinomas ( NSCLC ) and neuroendocrine ( NE ) lung tumors . u PA and PAI 1 were both detected in stromal fibroblasts and in tumor cells . ^^^ These data suggest that PAI lacts in synergy with u PA to favor tumor invasion process and connotes aggressivity , in contrast with PAI 2 , which may block u PA mediated proteolysis and is inversely correlated with tumor progression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Experiments have demonstrated that some other components , except UPA itself , can be very important in this process , including UPA receptor ( UPAR ) and UPA inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 . ^^^ Clinical retrospective studies using predominantly ELISA techniques have shown that the high levels of UPA , PAI 1 and UPAR in the tumor tissue are associated with poor prognosis both for overall and for disease free survival of breast cancer patients , and the elevated level of PAI 2 may be indicative of better survival . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PURPOSE : To study interactions between disease free survival ( DFS ) and four components of the plasminogen activator system : urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , its two inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) , and its membrane receptor uPAR . ^^^ PATIENTS AND METHODS : We conducted a retrospective study of 499 primary breast cancer patients ( median follow up , 6 years ) . uPA , PAI 1 , and PAI 2 were determined on cytosols and uPAR on solubilized pellets , using enzyme linked immunoadsorbent assay kits ( American Diagnostica , Greenwich , CT ) . ^^^ Multiple correspondence analysis showed the parallel impact of uPA and PAI 1 on outcome , and the clearly different behavior of PAI 2 compared with PAI 1 . ^^^ A dissemination risk index [ uPA 10 PAI 1 / ( PAI 2 + 1 ) ] , taking into account the modulation of uPA proteolytic activity by the ratio of its two inhibitors , was then tested . ^^^ CONCLUSION : A dissemination risk index determined on primary tumor and taking into account the different effects of PAI 1 and PAI 2 on uPA can be of major help in clinical management of breast cancer , particularly in node negative patients . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present morphological study was therefore designed to investigate the occurrence and distribution of the tissue and urokinase plasminogen activators ( t PA and u PA ) , the u PA receptor ( u PAR ) and the plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) in normal human testis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Changes in the expression of this system , consisting of urokinase and tissue type plasminogen activators ( uPA and tPA , respectively ) , plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) and uPA receptor , have been associated with tumour aggressiveness in a variety of solid malignant tumours . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the production by leukaemic cells of plasminogen activators [ urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue type PA ( tPA ) ] , cell surface receptor for uPA ( uPAR ) and PA inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) . ^^^ The finding of uPA , uPAR , PAI 1 and PAI 2 synthesized by leukaemic cells suggests that plasminogen activation may contribute to the invasive behaviour of these cells , the fibrinolytic imbalance observed in leukaemic patients and the differentiation and proliferation of M 4 M5 by interaction of uPA with uPAR . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the in vitro effect of all trans retinoic acid ( ATRA ) on the production of two major fibrinolytic components , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and PA inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) , by human blood mononuclear cells ( MNC ) . ^^^ At variance with PAI 2 , u PA was not influenced by the drug . ^^^ The effect was due to enhanced extracellular PAI 2 accumulation since it was observed with conditioned medium from ATRA treated cells ; it was abolished by the addition of neutralizing anti PAI 2 antibodies and was negligible when single chain t PA was used instead of u PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To study this supposition , we investigated immunohistochemically the expression of tPA , uPA and its receptor , the plasminogen activator inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 , tetranectin as well as the laminin breakdown as an event of secondary brain injury . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : All uPAR , uPA , PAI 1 , and PAI 2 antigen levels in tumor tissue were significantly higher than those in normal tissue . ^^^ METHODS : In 100 colorectal carcinoma patients , antigen levels of u PA , uPAR , and PAI 1 and PAI 2 were assayed in both tumor tissues and their normal counterparts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MATERIALS AND METHODS : In the present study , we determined the plasma concentrations of tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , PAI 2 , and uPA receptor ( uPAR ) in 25 patients with ovarian cancer , 16 patients with benign gynecologic tumor or inflammation , and 36 healthy controls in order to find out whether the plasma levels of these markers could be used to evaluate the prognostic value in patients with gynecologic cancers . ^^^ Tissue concentrations of uPA , PAI 1 , and PAI 2 were significantly higher and tPA significantly lower in the malignant tumor tissue than in the cut end tissue in the patients with ovarian cancer ( P = 0 . 014 , 0 . 03 , 0 . 002 , and 0 . 01 , respectively ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Additionally , we considered the secretion of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) , as well as matrix metalloproteinases ( MMP ) 1 , 2 , 3 , and 9 , and their inhibitors TIMP 1 and TIMP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To assess the participation of the plasminogen activation system in the invasiveness of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma , we performed immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to study the distribution of a urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , u PA receptor ( u PAR ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) . u PA and PAI 2 were expressed heterogeneously in cancer cells , and restricted expression was found in stromal cells , especially fibroblasts , that were located in the immediate proximity of the cancerous cells . u PAR was found only in cancer cells located at the periphery of tumors . ^^^ Our results suggest that the expression of u PA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is predictive of poor survival , whereas the expression of PAI 2 in the fibroblasts surrounding them is protective . ^^^ An analysis of u PA and PAI 2 expression in cancer cells and their surrounding fibroblasts may be useful for predicting the prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activators u PA ( urokinase ) and t PA ( tissue ) as well as the inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 are present in gingival crevicular fluid in concentrations significantly greater than in plasma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study involving 2780 patients with primary invasive breast cancer , we have evaluated the prognostic importance of the four major components of the uPA system [ uPA , the receptor uPAR ( CD 87 ) , and the inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 ] . ^^^ The levels of the four factors significantly correlated with each other ; the Spearman rank correlation coefficients ( r ( s ) ) ranged from 0 . 32 ( between PAI 2 and PAI 1 or uPAR ) to 0 . 59 ( between uPA and PAI 1 ) . ^^^ In the multivariate analyses for relapse free survival ( RFS ) and overall survival ( OS ) , we defined a basic model including age , menopausal status , tumor size and grade , lymph node status , adjuvant therapy , and steroid hormone receptor status . uPA , uPAR , PAI 1 , and PAI 2 were considered as categorical variables , each with two cut points that were established by isotonic regression analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In situ hybridization and immunocytochemical localization were used to define the cellular and tissue distribution of urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and 2 ( PAI 2 ) and urokinase receptor in early monkey placenta and uterus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 ( PAI 2 ) is a member of the serine protease inhibitor ( SERPIN ) superfamily and forms stable complexes with urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) . uPA can be found on the cell surface attached to its specific receptor ( uPAR ) , allowing for controlled degradation of the extracellular matrix by the activation of plasminogen into plasmin . ^^^ The aim of this study was to evaluate if PAI 2 could also be detected on the cell surface , providing a means of regulating the activity of cell surface uPA . ^^^ METHODS : Intact or permeabilized cell lines or human peripheral blood leukocytes were assayed by flow cytometry for cell surface uPA or PAI 2 . ^^^ By Western blotting , monomeric nonglycosylated PAI 2 , but not uPA / PAI 2 complexes , could be detected in the cytosol and plasma membrane enriched preparations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The urokinase type plasminogen activator system ( uPAS ) , consisting of the urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , the uPA receptor ( uPA R ) , and their corresponding inhibitors , PAI 1 and PAI 2 , is thought to play a role in this process . ^^^ In KS , we observed positive immunostaining in 16 of 31 ( 51 . 6 % ) cases for uPA R , in 11 of 31 ( 35 . 5 % ) cases for uPA , in 3 of 31 ( 9 . 6 % ) cases for PAI 1 , and in 2 of 31 ( 6 . 4 % ) cases for PAI 2 . ^^^ The GP cases showed the following positive results : 4 of 25 ( 16 % ) for uPA R , 6 of 25 ( 24 % ) for uPA , 10 of 25 ( 40 % ) for PAI 1 , and 11 of 25 ( 44 % ) for PAI 2 . ^^^ The upregulation of uPA and its corresponding receptor , uPA R , in AS and KS supports the hypothesis of the proliferative nature of these lesions ; however , the upregulation of the inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) in benign and reactive proliferative angiomatous lesions ( GP and AN ) shows how this process may be limited . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : Urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , its receptor ( uPAR ) and plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) , all play important roles in tumour invasion and metastasis . ^^^ PATIENTS AND METHODS : The levels of uPA , uPAR PAI 1 and PAI 2 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) in triton extracts , prepared from 88 NSCLC tissues ( stage 1 IIIa ) and 74 normal lung tissues from the same patients . ^^^ RESULTS : The expression levels of uPA , uPAR , PAI 1 and PAI 2 were significantly higher in tumour tissues as compared to their normal equivalents ( all , P < 0 . 0001 ) . ^^^ Significant relations were found between gender and uPA ( P = 0 . 04 ) or uPAR ( P < 0 . 001 ) , and between PAI 2 and pathological stage ( P = 0 . 03 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To evaluate the most effective factor in the invasion , metastasis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) , we examined urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 , PAI 2 and uPA activity by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays ( ELISA ) in HCC tissues obtained from 46 patients . ^^^ The levels of uPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 antigens were significantly associated with INV and histological grade . ^^^ The DFS was not different , however , between cases with uPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 values above and below the median . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Proteins influencing plasminogen activation to plasmin , namely plasminogen activators tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and their principal inhibitors , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and PAI 2 , were measured in the plasma , the polymorph and mononuclear cell fractions taken from patients with major sepsis who were entering a general intensive care unit . ^^^ Circulating active u PA and PAI 2 in the plasma of patients with severe sepsis may represent material originating from leucocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It has become more and more clear in recent decades that the plasminogen activation system , which includes urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor ( uPAR ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 and PAI 2 , plays a very important role in the aggressiveness of cancer . ^^^ The positive rates of uPA , uPAR , PAI 1 and PAI 2 for immunohistochemical stains in cancer tissues were 78 . 9 , 68 . 4 , 57 . 9 and 31 . 6 % , respectively . ^^^ In ELISA , there were significant differences between cancer and non cancer tissues in concentration of uPA , uPAR and PAI 1 ( P < 0 . 0003 , 0 . 0024 and 0 . 01 , respectively ) , but there was no significant difference in that of PAI 2 ( P = 0 . 37 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The plasminogen activation system also includes the serpins PAI 1 and PAI 2 , and the uPA receptor ( uPAR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The concentrations of u PA , t PA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 antigen as well as functional u PA were assessed in tissue homogenates from 20 chronic venous ulcers , six actively healing venous ulcers and five traumatic wounds . ^^^ The concentrations of functional u PA , u PA antigen and PAI 1 were significantly greater and PAI 2 was significantly lower in the edge and base of chronic venous ulcers compared to adjacent intact skin ( P < 0 . 01 ) . ^^^ These findings suggest that regulation of protease activity by u PA and PAI 2 may play a role in the impaired healing of chronic venous ulcers . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The primary inhibitor of u PA activity in the extracellular matrix is plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 ( PAI 2 ) , a serine protease inhibitor . ^^^ Inhibition of the malignant metastatic phenotype via induction of PAI 2 expression and / or inhibition of u PA expression may represent a novel means via which the metastatic phenotype can be arrested . ^^^ Agents capable of inducing PAI 2 and / or inhibiting u PA activity may restrict u PA mediated tumour cell proteolysis and facilitate in the development of therapeutic strategies to combat malignant disease . ^^^ We have identified the hydroxamic acid derivative oxamflatin , previously noted to revert the malignant phenotype in K ras transformed NIH 3T3 cells , as capable of upregulating PAI 2 and simultaneously suppressing u PA expression in two different cell systems . ^^^ We postulate that oxamflatin represents a novel means by which induction of PAI 2 and concomitant inhibition of u PA gene and protein expression can be achieved and may be of benefit in inhibiting the malignant metastatic phenotype . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and its receptor ( uPAR ) , plasminogen ( Plg ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) have been observed in many cancers and may contribute to progression and metastasis . ^^^ Urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and its receptor ( uPAR ) , plasminogen ( Plg ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) have been observed in many cancers and may contribute to progression and metastasis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate whether the course of primary melanoma disease correlates with expression of the various components of the proteolytic plasminogen activation ( PA ) system , immunohistochemical stainings for activators of plasminogen ( tissue type ( tPA ) and urokinase type ( uPA ) ) , inhibitors of plasminogen activation ( type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and type 2 ( PAI 2 ) ) and the receptor for uPA ( uPAR ) were performed on 214 routinely processed melanoma lesions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the prognostic significance of the plasminogen activation system in human chondrosarcoma , the immunohistochemical expression of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor ( uPAR ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor , 1 ( PAI 1 ) and 2 ( PAI 2 ) were analyzed in 28 patients with chondrosarcoma . ^^^ For metastasis free survival , uPA index ( p = 0 . 006 ) and PAI 2 index ( p = 0 . 04 ) were independent prognostic factors . ^^^ These results demonstrated the usefulness of uPA , uPAR and PAI 2 expression as biological prognostic indicator and the importance of the plasminogen activation system in tumor progression and metastasis in chondrosarcoma . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of this study was to determine the level of mRNA expression for the genes encoding urokinase ( uPA ) , urokinase receptor ( uPAR ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 2 ) in endometrial carcinomas . ^^^ METHODS : In this study , the expression of uPA , uPAR , and PAI 2 mRNA was examined in normal endometrial tissue ( n = 16 ) and endometrial carcinoma tissues ( n = 34 ) by Northern blot analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : We compared the biological characteristics , that is , growth rate , motility , and invasive activity , of five ovarian cancer cell lines with the gene expression of various matrix proteases ( matrix metalloproteinase 1 [ MMP 1 ] , MMP 2 , MMP 9 , membrane type MMP type 1 [ MT 1 MMP ] , MT 2 MMP , MT 3 MMP , urokinase plasminogen activator [ uPA ] ) , their inhibitors ( tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase type 1 [ TIMP 1 ] , TIMP 2 , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 , [ PAI 1 ] , and PAI 2 ) , and the potential transcriptional regulators E1AF and Ets 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : The expression of uPA , uPAR , the tissue type plasminogen activator , and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 and PAI 2 was investigated using reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Levels of tissue and urokinase plasminogen activator ( t PA and uPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and type 2 ( PAI 2 ) mRNA and protein were assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( Q RT PCR ) and ELISA , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Among the proteases involved in the tumor invasion process , components of the plasminogen activator system ( plasminogen activator type urokinase uPA , its membrane receptor uPAR and its two inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) appear to define high risk patients in primary breast cancer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
AIMS : To plasminogen activator system ( PAS ) consists of the plasminogen activators ( urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) plasminogen activators ) , the uPA receptor ( uPAR ) , and the plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase ( uPA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) in bile were measured by enzyme linked immunoassay . ^^^ Accuracy of t PA , u PA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 estimation in human bile by ELISA kits . ^^^ RESULTS : Recovery percents of t PA , u PA , PAI 1 , PAI 2 were very high i . e . 91 . 94 , 94 . 07 , 93 . 95 , 91 . 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activators ( t PA and u PA ) and plasminogen activators inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) in some myeloproliferative syndromes . ^^^ In the study we aimed to evaluate fibrinolysis system in blood plasma of the patients with selected myeloproliferative syndromes on the basis of examinations of plasminogen activators ( tissue t PA and urokinase type u PA ) and type 1 and type 2 plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) . ^^^ In citrate venous blood , the following parameters were determined : concentrations of antigen t PA , u PA , PAI 1 , PAI 2 , concentration of plasmin alpha 2 antiplasmin complexes ( PAP ) determined with the use of ELISA technique , PAI 1 activity with amidolytic method , euglobulin lysis time ( ELT ) according to Kowarzyk Buluk and fibrinogen / fibrin degradation products ( FDP ) concentration with the use of Merskey ' s method . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MCs reacted with monoclonal antibodies to tryptase , chymase , and c kit / CD117 and stained positively for tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase receptor ( uPAR / CD87 ) but did not express detectable urokinase ( uPA ) or plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All the tumours expressed matrix metalloproteinases ( MMP ) 2 and 9 , tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases ( TIMP ) 2 , urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 and PAI 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemical analyses of the healing tissues and an analysis of the periodontal wound healing fluid by ELISA were carried out for the detection of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , and 2 plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) . ^^^ During days 3 to 7 , u PA , PAI 1 , and PAI 2 were associated with cells ( particularly monocytes / macrophages , fibroblasts , and endothelial cells ) in the newly formed granulation tissue . ^^^ During days 7 to 14 , a new attachment apparatus was formed during which PAI 1 , PAI 2 , and u PA were localized in both periodontal ligament fibroblasts ( PDL ) and epithelial cells at sites where these cells were attaching to the root surface . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The components of the plasminogen activator system were measured , i . e . tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Levels of tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and type 2 ( PAI 2 ) , and tPA / PAI complex in tissue extracts were determinated by commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits . ^^^ RESULTS : tPA was significantly reduced in peritonitis compared with normal peritoneum ( P < 0 . 001 ) , whereas it was found that the levels of PAI 1 , PAI 2 , uPA , and tPA / PAI complex in peritonitis were significantly higher than those in normal controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There is ample information on the clinical role of biologic factors in female breast cancer : urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , its receptor uPAR , its inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 , cathepsin D and pS 2 protein . ^^^ We determined the cytosolic levels of oestrogen receptor ( ER ) , progesterone receptor ( PgR ) , cathepsin D , pS 2 protein , uPA , uPAR , PAI 1 and PAI 2 of the primary tumour tissues from 40 male breast cancer patients . ^^^ In male breast tumours the level of PgR was higher , those of uPA , PAI 1 , PAI 2 and cathepsin D lower . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activators ( tissue type ; t PA and urokinase type ; u PA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) are found in high concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid ( GCF ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A high PAI 2 level was associated with shorter progression free survival in univariate analysis and was an independent prognostic factor in bivariate analyses , which included PAI 1 , uPA and DNA ploidy status . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To investigate the expression and significance of u PA , u PAR and PAI 2 mRNA in giant cell tumor of bone . ^^^ METHODS : The expressions of u PA , u PAR and PAI 2 mRNA in 42 patients with giant cell tumor ( GCT ) of bone was detected with in situ hybridization . ^^^ RESULTS : The expression rates of u PA , u PAR , and PAI 2 mRNA of multinuclear giant cells ( MGC ) were 64 . 3 % , 71 . 4 % and 40 . 5 % . ^^^ Close positive relation was observed between the expressions of u PA mRNA of both cells , between the expressions of u PAR and PAI 2 mRNA in MGC and also between the expressions of u PA and u PAR mRNA in MC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Determination of uPA , tPA , PAI 1 , PAI 2 , uPA : PAI 1 complex and tPA : PAI 1 complex was performed by specific double determinant ELISAs based on the concept described previously by Grebenschikov et al . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This construct exploits : ( a ) the overexpression of the cell surface receptor bound urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) in the metastatic spread of breast cancer cells ; ( b ) the binding and inhibition of receptor bound uPA by PAI 2 ; and ( c ) the high cytotoxicity of alpha radiation . ^^^ The uPA inhibitory activity of the chelated PAI 2 was maintained as determined by complex formation with uPA and by inhibition of uPA activity . ^^^ Furthermore , the reactivity of alpha PAI 2 was confirmed in a cell assay as this construct was highly cytotoxic to breast cancer cell lines that express active , receptor bound uPA . ^^^ Firstly , an active uPA blocking agent that limits PAI 2 binding significantly improved cell survival by a factor greater than three . ^^^ Moreover , alpha PAI 2 was not cytotoxic to freshly isolated normal human leukocytes , confirming that cells which do not contain active , receptor bound uPA can not be targeted by alpha PAI 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Studies on the plasminogen activating system in gingival crevicular fluid ( GCF ) as well as gingival tissue are reviewed . t PA , u PA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 have all been detected in GCF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The antiproliferative effect of PAI 2 was attenuated by treating the PAI 2 expressing THP 1 cells with recombinant urokinase ( u PA ) , suggesting that PAI 2 was disruptive of a u PA / u PA receptor signaling pathway initiated on the cell surface . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of the present study was to determine the level of urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 ( PAI 2 ) in normal and malignant tissues of corpus uteri and to evaluate the possible correlation with clinical and histopathological prognostic factors . ^^^ UPA , PA 1 and PAI 2 were determined by the ELISA assay in tissue cytosol of matched pair samples from 27 patients with endometrial carcinoma . ^^^ Results show that significantly higher levels of these proteins were found in malignant than in normal tissue samples ( uPA : 1 . 266 versus 0 . 633 ng / mg protein , PAI 1 : 4 . 468 versus 1 . 958 ng / mg protein , and PAI 2 : 3 . 428 versus 0 . 483 ng / ml protein ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The components of the PPS include the urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , its cell surface receptor urokinase plasminogen activator receptor ( uPAR ) , and its naturally occurring inhibitors , plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Its major components are urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , plasminogen activation inhibitor type 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) and a receptor for urokinase ( uPAR ) . ^^^ Spitz naevi had melanocytic positivity for uPA in 0 % ( 0 / 36 ) , tPA in 30 % ( 6 / 20 ) , PAI 1 in 10 % ( 3 / 35 ) , PAI 2 in 40 % ( 8 / 21 ) and uPAR in 60 % ( 13 / 21 ) of cases . ^^^ This was much ( for most components significantly ) less than the proportion of primary melanomas with tumour cell positivity , which was 30 % ( 11 / 38 ) for uPA , 80 % ( 19 / 24 ) for tPA , 75 % ( 28 / 38 ) for PAI 1 , 80 % ( 19 / 24 ) for PAI 2 and 80 % ( 19 / 24 ) for uPAR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The concentrations of t PA , u PA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 were measured by ELISA . ^^^ Mean concentrations of t PA , u PA , PAI 1 were lower in Group 2 ( 5 . 69 ng / ml vs 15 . 7 ; 0 . 46 ng / ml vs 0 . 7 ; 16 . 82 ng / ml vs 26 . 16 ng / ml ) or nearly equal for PAI 2 ( 343 . 53 ng / ml vs 341 . 02 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
U PA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 antigen levels were determined by ELISA tests in protein extracts of breast cancer tissues . ^^^ In various forms of invasive breast cancer and those without lymph node metastases the content of u PA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 were also significantly elevated . ^^^ The goal of the present study was to evaluate a possible combined prognostic value of the three major components of the u PA system ( u PA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) in patients with defined histopathological forms of primary breast cancer . . ^^^ Primary Breast Cancer , Urokinase Type Plasminogen Activator , Inhibitors The aim of the study was to monitor urokinase plasminogen activator antigen concentrations and its type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and type 2 ( PAI 2 ) inhibitors in histologically defined forms of primary breast cancer and a comparison with these antigens levels in normal tissue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , its inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) , and its receptor ( uPAR ) play a key role in tumor invasion and metastasis . ^^^ This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic impact of uPA , PAI 1 , PAI 2 , and uPAR and the combination of these factors in a group of 460 primary breast cancer patients . ^^^ Urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , its inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) , and its receptor ( uPAR ) play a key role in tumor invasion and metastasis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TCDD induced the early appearance of ovarian plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 ( PAI 2 ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) at 24h after dosing when compared with controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The balance between uPA and PAI 2 could determine the fibrinolytic activity of the monocyte . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to aspartyl and cysteineproteinases , serine proteinases including the plasminogen activator system ( uPA , uPAR , tPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) and matrix metalloproteinases ( MMPs ) with their tissue inhibitors ( TIMPs ) play an essential role in these processes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MATERIALS AND METHODS : Plasminogen activators ( t PA and u PA ) and their inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) secretions were assayed in cultures of epithelial , stromal , and trophoblast cells . ^^^ Trophoblasts produced PAI 1 , PAI 2 , and small quantities of t PA and u PA , none of which were notably influenced by E 2 or P 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Protein expression of the PAS , including urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and its receptor ( uPAR ) , plasminogen ( Plg ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) , was determined in the colonic tissue samples of 56 patients with resected primary CRC by quantitative immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : The fibrinolytic activities of conditioned medium and cell lysates from human glioma cell lines , A 172 , T98G , U 87 and TM 1 were studied by fibrin plate zymography . mRNA expression of tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) was measured by Northern blot analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tumor tissues from 71 patients with CRC were assayed to determine the antigen levels of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , uPA receptor ( uPAR ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) , as well as immunohistochemical expression of VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although we could confirm the presence of urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) in STBM we could demonstrate no intrinsic activity presumably because of its association with the plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) which is also a component of STBM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prognostic value of uPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 mRNA expression in primary breast cancer . ^^^ BACKGROUND : The prognostic value of uPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 mRNA expression was studied in a retrospective series of 130 primary breast cancer patients ( median follow up 8 . 1 years ) . ^^^ MATERIALS AND METHODS : UPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 mRNA were quantified by means of real time quantitative RT PCR . ^^^ The mRNA expression of uPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 was significantly correlated with one another . ^^^ CONCLUSION : These preliminary results indicate that , in breast cancer , uPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 mRNA analysis by quantitative RT PCR give results comparable to those obtained at the protein level . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Stromal cells also contribute to breast cancer growth and metastasis through the production of extracellular matrix ( ECM ) modifiers such as urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , its receptor ( uPAR ) , its inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) , matrix metalloproteinases ( MMPs ) , and growth factors , including the fibroblast and insulin like growth factors ( FGF ' s and IGF ' s ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PAI 2 targets the cell surface receptor bound urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , which is involved with the metastatic spread of cancer cells . ^^^ The specific role of uPA as the target for ( 213 ) Bi PAI 2 therapy was determined by PAI 2 pretreatment blocking studies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : uPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 were detected from 104 cases squamous cell carcinoma of human larynx undergoing primary resection using immunohistochemistry ( labeled streptoavidin biotin peroxidase , SAB ) method . ^^^ Overall survival were analyzed according to Kaplan Meier and log rank statistics , the prognostic relevance of uPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 and conventional prognostic factors were analyzed by Cox analyses . ^^^ RESULTS : uPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 positivity were present both in neoplastic cells and in fibroblast cells and macrophages . ^^^ The total positive rate of uPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 was 66 . 3 % , 70 . 2 % and 50 . 0 % respectively . ^^^ In different clinicopathological parameters subgroups , uPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 added significant survival information . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tumor cell associated urokinase type plasminogen activator system , consisting of the serine protease uPA , its substrate plasminogen , its membrane bound receptor uPAR , as well as its inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 , plays an important role in these pericellular processes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It consists of the serine protease uPA , its membrane bound receptor ( uPAR , CD 87 ) and one of the natural inhibitors PAI 1 or PAI 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prognostic and predictive value of the urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and its inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 in operable breast cancer . ^^^ Already in univariate analysis PAI 1 was the only proteolytic factor with a significant impact on DFS , which was retained in multivariate analysis ( p = 0 . 020 ) ; PAI 2 showed borderline significance in univariate analysis ( p = 0 . 0503 ) and uPA did not present as a significant prognostic factor for DFS in our patient series . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to the uPA : PAI 1 ratio , the presence of PAI 2 may be an important factor in the determination of metastatic sites for prostate cancer cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results indicate that the biological characteristics of ATF PAI2CD were very similar to those of the wide type PAI 2 ( or mutants PAI 2 , PAI 2CD ) and to pro uPA in binding to uPAR bearing cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and its inhibitors type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and type 2 ( PAI 2 ) are considered to have a key role in the process of invasion and metastasis . ^^^ We investigated the differences in uPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 concentrations in primary cutaneous melanoma and normal skin and correlations with well established melanoma prognostic factors . ^^^ The uPA concentrations were determined in 36 pairs of triton extracts , and the PAI 1 and PAI 2 concentrations in 43 pairs of cytosols prepared from the tumour and adjacent normal tissue samples ( matched pairs ) . ^^^ The uPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 concentrations were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) . ^^^ The melanoma uPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 concentrations correlated significantly ( p < 0 . 05 ) with normal skin ( r=0 . 73 , 0 . 54 , 0 . 38 respectively ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Components of the plasmin system including tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 are synthesised by airway cells , and inflammatory mediators affect their expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study of nasal mucosa , we investigated the presence of mRNA of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) and in situ hybridization , and compared these results with their localization in immunostained tissues . ^^^ According to real time RT PCR results , t PA , u PA , PAI 1 , and PAI 2 mRNA were noted in human nasal mucosa . ^^^ In allergic rhinitis , u PA and PAI 2 mRNA were detected in mucinous cells and epithelium , and PAI 1 mRNA was detected in serous cells and epithelium . ^^^ Expression of u PA and PAI 1 mRNA in normal nasal tissues was decreased in contrast to that in allergic nasal tissues . u PA staining was observed in mucous cells of allergic submucosal glands and the staining pattern of PAI 2 was similar to that of u PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Supernatant prostaglandin E 2 and mRNA expressions of COX 2 , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , u PA receptor , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) , and PAI 2 were measured . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) is well documented as an inhibitor of the extracellular serine proteinase urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and is expressed in activated monocytes and macrophages , differentiating keratinocytes , and many tumors . ^^^ Protection of Rb by PAI 2 begins to explain many of the diverse , uPA independent phenotypes conferred by PAI 2 expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The levels of uPA , PAI 2 and the uPA : PAI 1 complex increased with progressive loss of histological differentiation ( p ( trend ) < 0 . 001 , < 0 . 05 and < 0 . 001 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
INTERVENTIONS : We characterized the expression of tissue type and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( t PA and u PA ) as well as plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 and PAI 2 in human endothelial cells ( EC ) from the microvascular pulmonary circulation ( HMVEC L ) and compared it with that of EC from pulmonary artery ( HPAEC ) and umbilical vein ( HUVEC ) under baseline conditions and upon stimulation with either tumor necrosis factor alpha or lipopolysaccharide . ^^^ In all EC , stimulation with tumor necrosis factor alpha and lipopolysaccharide increased the expression of PAI 1 , PAI 2 , and u PA and decreased t PA expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) system consists of the serine protease uPA , its glycolipid anchored receptor , uPAR and its 2 serpin inhibitors , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Quantitative gene expression analysis ( real time RT PCR ) was performed for tissue factor ( TF ) , TF pathway inhibitor ( TFPI ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type PA ( u PA ) , PA inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , and PAI 2 in peripheral white blood cells ( PBC ) as well as in alveolar macrophages ( AM ) , type 2 pneumocytes ( ATII ) , endothelial cells ( EC ) and smooth muscle cells ( SMC ) , all obtained by laser microdissection . ^^^ Intraalveolar endotoxin , in particular , caused strong upregulation of TF ( approximately 20 fold increase in gene expression ) and PAI 2 ( 225 fold increase ) in microdissected AM , upregulation of PAI 1 in microdissected ATII ( 300 fold increase ) and EC ( 180 fold increase ) , upregulation of t PA in EC ( 40 fold ) , and downregulation of u PA in vascular smooth muscle cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overall survival were analyzed according to Kaplan Meier and log rank statistics , the prognostic relevance of uPA , PAI 1 , PAI 2 and conventional prognostic factors were analyzed by Cox analyses . ^^^ RESULT : These revealed a high significant inverse correlation of uPA positive expression survival time ( P = 0 . 006 ) ; and patients with PAI 2 positive expression had a significantly longer survival time than those with PAI 2 negative expression ( P = 0 . 009 ) ; in different clinicopathological parameters subgroups uPA , PAI 2 added significant survival information , whereas PAI 1 positive expression did not associate with prognoses . ^^^ Patients with uPA positive / PAI 2 negative expression had the poorest prognoses . ^^^ Multivariate analysis revealed that four independent prognostic factors for overall survival time were uPA , PAI 2 , lymph node metastasis and differentiation of tumor , P = 0 . 0002 , 0 . 0001 , 0 . 0117 , 0 . 0436 respectively , relative risk and 95 % confidence interval were 1 . 99 ( 1 . 39 to 2 . 85 ) 0 . 36 ( 0 . 212 to 0 . 609 ) , 2 . 36 ( 1 . 21 to 4 . 61 ) 1 . 51 ( 1 . 01 to 2 . 25 ) respectively . ^^^ CONCLUSION : We conclude that uPA and PAI 2 are new independent and strong biologically prognostic factors , uPA positive expression may be a powerful aid in evaluating metastatic potential and high risk patients in early stage of human larynx carcinoma . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The main components in plasminogen activation include plasminogen , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator receptor ( uPAR ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inflammatory markers ( tumour necrosis factor alpha , interleukin 8 , polymorphonuclear elastase ) , fibrinolytic system variables ( tissue plasminogen activator ( PA ) , urokinase PA ( u PA ) , plasminogen activation inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 , PAI 2 ) , and several MMPs ( MMP 1 , MMP 2 , MMP 8 , MMP 9 ) and TIMPs ( TIMP 1 , TIMP 2 ) were determined by ELISA in plasma and pleural fluid . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we show that expression of tPA , uPA , uPAR , PAI 1 , and PAI 2 is up regulated during experimental pneumococcal meningitis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we examined whether the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) mRNA , endogenous inhibitors of tPA and uPA , are induced in the DRG following sciatic nerve transection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GCF levels of tissue type PA ( t PA ) , urokinase type PA ( u PA ) , PA inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and PA inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) and serum concentrations of cotinine , u PA and PAI 1 were analysed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay . ^^^ The ratio of u PA : PAI 1 and t PA : PAI 1 were significantly higher in GCF of smokers with periodontitis compared with `` healthy ' ' smokers , whereas the ratio of t PA : PAI 2 was significantly lower in smokers with periodontal disease ( p < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One proteolytic system involved in these processes is the urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) system , which consists of uPA , uPA receptor ( uPAR ) and uPA inhibitors 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The plasminogen activator ( PA ) system comprises the 2 serine proteases , urokinase PA ( uPA ) and tissue PA ( tPA ) , the 2 serpin inhibitors , PAI 1 and PAI 2 and the uPA receptor ( uPAR ; CD 87 ) . ^^^ High levels of uPA , PAI 1 , uPA PAI 1 complex and uPAR in breast cancer tissue are associated with poor prognosis , while high levels of tPA or PAI 2 correlate with good prognosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The vectors PAI 2 , C 595 and Herceptin target the membrane bound uPA , MUC 1 and HER 2 antigens expressed by cancer cells , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , to our knowledge the clinical significance of PAI 2 and the relationship between the uPA system and TAM in human renal cell carcinoma ( RCC ) tissues have not been investigated . ^^^ The expression of uPA , uPAR , PAI 1 and PAI 2 was determined by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ RESULTS : The mean immunoreactive scores ( range 0 to 6 ) of uPA , uPAR , PAI 1 and PAI 2 were 3 . 09 , 2 . 22 , 1 . 99 and 0 . 56 , respectively . ^^^ The expression of uPA , uPAR and PAI 1 but not PAI 2 correlated negatively with cause specific survival . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In eighty seven patients with CRC , the levels of IL 8 , and VEGF as representative angiogenic factors and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , uPA receptor ( uPAR ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , and PAI 2 as representative invasive factors were quantitatively assayed in tumor and adjacent normal tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tumor associated prognostic factors of the plasminogen activator family : determination and clinical value of u PA , t PA , PAI 1 , and PAI 2 ] . ^^^ Proteolytic factors belonging t the plasminogen activator family ( plasmin , u PA , t PA , u PAR , PAI 1 , and PAI 2 ) , which usually are involved in blood clotting and degradation of blood clots , are also present in healthy and diseased tissue of the kidney , lung , liver , gastro intestinal tract , breast , prostate , ovary , and brain . ^^^ Plasminogen activators u PA and t PA , their inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 , and the u PA receptor ( u PAR , CD 87 ) are often elevated in solid malignant tumour tissues compared to their normal counterparts . ^^^ In breast cancer patients , an elevated tumour tissue extract antigen content of u PA , PAI 1 , and u PAR is associated with increased tumour aggressiveness and poor prognosis ; in contrary , an elevated content of t PA and PAI 2 indicates a favourable prognosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The importance of this residue for inhibition of the PAI 2 protease target urinary plasminogen activator ( urokinase , uPA ) is confirmed , although a high degree of tolerance to P 8 substitution is observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Preeclamptic women in labor showed further enhanced coagulation activation ( F ( 1+2 ) ) with raised urokinase like plasminogen activator ( u PA ) activity and reduced plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We analyzed cDNA expression by using the CNIO OncoChipTM , a cDNA microarray containing a total of 6386 genes represented by 7237 clones . uPA , uPAr , tPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 were also studied at RNA and protein levels . ^^^ Microarrays of cDNA expression , RT PCR and Western blot performed in IMR 90 E1A expressing cells showed downregulation of uPA , uPAr , tPA , PAI 1 and upregulation of PAI 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The efficient inactivation of urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) by plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 ( PAI 2 ) at the surface of carcinoma cells is followed by rapid endocytosis of the uPA PAI 2 complex . ^^^ Detailed biochemical analyses using ligand binding assays and surface plasmon resonance revealed a novel and distinct interaction mechanism between native , human LRP and uPA PAI 2 . ^^^ As reported previously for PAI 1 , inhibition of uPA by PAI 2 significantly increased the affinity of the complex for LRP ( K ( D ) of 36 nm for uPA PAI 2 versus 200 nm for uPA ) . ^^^ This suggests that the uPA PAI 2 LRP interaction is mediated by site ( s ) within the uPA molecule alone . ^^^ Thus , as inhibition of uPA by PAI 2 resulted in accelerated clearance of uPA from the cell surface possibly via its increased affinity for LRP , this represents a mechanism through which PAI 2 can clear proteolytic activity from the cell surface . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
FDP D dimer induces the secretion of interleukin 1 , urokinase type plasminogen activator , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 in a human promonocytic leukemia cell line . ^^^ In addition , D dimer induced a rapid increase in urokinase type plasminogen activator on day 1 ( 0 . 52 + / 0 . 02 ng / mL 5 0 . 07 + / 0 . 01 ng / mL in the control culture ) and a slow increase in plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 on day 5 ( 3 . 9 + / 1 . 6 ng / mL 5 1 . 2 + / 0 . 2 ng / mL in the control culture ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This conclusion is further supported by the findings that : 1 ) saturation of monocytes with u PA does not further increase their invasiveness and that 2 ) plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 , a specific inhibitor of u PA associated with endogenously occupied , but not of u PA bound to saturable receptors , inhibits monocyte invasiveness completely . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The activities of tissue and urokinase plasminogen activators ( tPA and uPA , respectively ) , the relative inhibition of tPA , and the amounts of plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 , respectively ) in cell free saliva were studied . ^^^ The activities of tPA and uPA , and tPA inhibition , were measured using in house microtiter plate assays , and PAI 1 and PAI 2 levels were measured using commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) kits . ^^^ Tissue plasminogen activator , PAI 1 , and PAI 2 were evident in salivary gland tissue , whereas the expression of uPA was low . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PURPOSE : The urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and its receptor ( uPAR ) are expressed by pancreatic cancer cells and can be targeted by the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 ( PAI 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The central components of the PA system are the proteolytic activators , urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , plasminogen ( plg ) and its degradation product , plasmin , together with the major inhibitors of this system , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show that stimulation of monocytic cells with B . burgdorferi induces the transient production and secretion of urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , shortly followed by its physiological inhibitor , plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) . ^^^ Moreover , the induction of PAI 2 or the addition of recombinant PAI 2 did not have a significant effect on the uPA potentiated transmigration of B . burgdorferi . ^^^ In contrast , the induction of PAI 2 by B . burgdorferi resulted in significantly diminished invasion by monocytic cells across a reconstituted basement membrane ( matrigel ) , which could be partially restored by treatment with purified uPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
UPA , UPAR , ECE 1 , PAFAH1B1 , PGT , INOS , ENOS , TPA , ICAM 1 , VCAM 1 , PAI 1 , PAI 2 , VWF , PTGDR , F 3 , THBD ) , which was most evident after 24 hours . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It formed complexes with urokinase ( u PA ) and with plasminogen activator of the tissue type ( t PA ) , similar to those formed by the placental plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PI PA 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The pattern of staining of plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 was similar to that of u PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This contention is based on the finding that an antibody against uPAR ( monoclonal antibody 3936 ) inhibited invasion of M24met cells through a reconstituted basement membrane ( Matrigel ) up to 33 % , while a reduction of uPA catalytic activity by its plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 resulted in 46 % inhibition of invasion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of urokinase type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 in gastric carcinoma ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue type plasminogen activator , urokinase type plasminogen activator , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 were also measured by means of enzyme linked immunosorbent assays . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activity and antigen , euglobulin fibrinolytic activity , tissue type plasminogen activator activity and antigen urokinase type plasminogen activator antigen , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 activity and antigen , plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 antigen , tissue type plasminogen activator / plasminogen activator inhibitor complexes , alpha 2 antiplasmin , histidine rich glycoprotein , and fibrinogen / fibrin degradation products were measured in blood samples taken from the umbilical vein of 100 healthy full term newborns . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 antigen were significantly increased in cancer patients compared with controls , but there were no differences in tissue type and urokinase type plasminogen activator , in plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 , and D dimer levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using this approach , the expression of RNAs for tissue type plasminogen activator , urokinase type plasminogen activator , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 , plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 , protease nexin , and urokinase receptor isoform 1 ( uPAR 1 ) were detected in mouse osteoclasts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bronchoalveolar fibrinolytic activity , due to urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , was significantly depressed after endotoxin injection , mainly due to a striking increase in plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 levels in BAL fluid . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we determined the plasma and tissue concentrations of tissue type plasminogen activator , urokinase type plasminogen activator , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 , plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 and urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor in 32 patients with pathology proved gastric cancer . ^^^ The plasma and tissue levels of fibrinolytic parameters were not affected by tumor size or distant metastasis , whereas tumor tissue concentration of urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 were significantly higher in N 0 than in N 1 and N 2 , and tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 was significantly higher in N 0 than in N 1 . ^^^ Tissue concentrations of urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 , especially the latter , can be used to predict lymph node involvement in patients with gastric cancer . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In cell culture , tPA was released only from stromal cells and uPA only from glandular cells as determined by SDS PAGE followed by fibrin overlay technique , but PA inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) was secreted by both stromal and glandular cells . ^^^ The effect of the peptide hormones , hCG , GnRH , PRL , as well as cAMP in cell culture on the secretion of PAs and PAI was similar to that of estradiol , while forskolin demonstrated definitely more stimulative effect on tPA than uPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PLAU receptor and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 protein levels were increased and PLAU activity decreased in these cultures . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cell clone with the lowest level of DBC 1 expression showed induced expression of 26 genes including plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( SERPINB 5 ; 4 . 6 fold ) , heparin binding EGF like growth factor precursor ( DTR ; 4 . 2 fold ) , small proline rich protein 2B ( SPRR2B ; 3 . 6 fold ) , metallothionein 1 isoforms ( MT1B / MT1A / MT 1F ; from 2 . 9 to 3 . 2 fold ) , tissue type plasminogen activator precursor ( PLAT ; 2 . 8 fold ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator precursor ( PLAU ; 2 . 7 fold ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The urokinase inhibitor was inactive towards single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator and plasmin , but it inhibited two chain tissue type plasminogen activator with a k below 10 ( 3 ) M 1 s 1 and thrombin with a k of 4 10 10 ( 4 ) M 1 s 1 in the absence and 2 10 10 ( 5 ) M 1 s 1 in the presence of heparin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Differential reactivity of Glu Gly Arg CH2Cl , a synthetic urokinase inhibitor , with single chain and two chain forms of urokinase type plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , antibodies against uPA and p aminobenzamidine ( a low molecular weight urokinase inhibitor ) treatment , which both inhibit the proliferative and differentiative effects induced by exogenous urokinase , partially slow down the effects of CM from PRCA tissue cultures , suggesting that additional factors are secreted by prostatic tumor cells in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our data indicate that uPA and its cell surface receptor are involved in attachment , migration , and invasion of mammary tumor cells , and that the three processes can be blocked by a synthetic urokinase inhibitor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Matrigel invasion assay showed that prostate cancer cell line PC 3 , containing amplification of the uPA gene , was more sensitive to the urokinase inhibitor , amiloride , than DU 145 or LNCaP cell lines , which do not have the amplification . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Urokinase inhibitor , amiloride , blocked uPA activity in retinal extracts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) have been determined in endometrial curettings obtained from 46 subfertile women during proliferative , early or late secretory phases of the menstrual cycle . t PA activity and antigen concentrations was significantly higher ( P < 0 . 001 ) in late secretory endometrium than in proliferative or early secretory endometrium . ^^^ However , u PA concentration was not significantly different and no PAI activity could be demonstrated in the menstrual phases studied . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI ) are elevated in late pregnancy with t PA and u PA remaining so at 6 weeks postnatal . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These complexes were probably formed by activation of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , and not tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , since SF levels of both u PA antigen and u PA plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) complexes were increased in 27 of the 42 patients . ^^^ In some patients , activation of factor 12 presumably also contributed to plasminogen activation in SF , since levels of factor XIIa C 1 inhibitor in SF were increased in 8 of the 42 patients and correlated , as did u PA PAI levels , with levels of PAP complexes . ^^^ Several of the parameters of fibrinolysis in SF , particularly u PA antigen and u PA PAI 1 complexes , were found to correlate with clinical and biochemical parameters . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the peritoneal fluid of women with PID , PAI Ag , t PA Ag and u PA Ag were many times higher than in the control group . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue type plasminogen activator antigen ( t PA : Ag ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator antigen ( u PA : Ag ) , the proenzyme single chain u PA ( scu PA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) were measured in the synovial fluid and plasma of 22 patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) , 13 with seronegative RA , and 23 patients with various forms of arthritis . ^^^ In all patient groups the levels of t PA : Ag in synovial fluid were lower and the levels of u PA : Ag and PAI higher than plasma levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results showed that these cells produce urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and a plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) which is immunologically and biochemically similar to PAI 1 . ^^^ We conclude that RPE cells have the potential to utilize u PA catalyzed plasminogen activation which is subject to regulation by PAI 1 . ^^^ Retinal pigment epithelial cells secrete urokinase type plasminogen activator and its inhibitor PAI 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The latter was associated with elevated FXII and PKK , while C 1 INH was decreased , ATIII and alpha 2M were unchanged ; it could not be accounted for by changes in t PA , u PA , PAI , plasminogen , alpha 2 AP , proteins C or S . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen , plasminogen activators ( PA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , alpha 2 antiplasmin ( alpha 2 AP ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) , fibrinogen / fibrin degradation products ( FDP ) and D dimer were determined to elucidate the role of plasminogen activators and inhibitors in the pathogenesis of accelerated fibrinolysis in schistosomiasis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have previously reported that normal pleural leukocytes secrete a urokinase type plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) in culture . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The conditioned media from postsurgical Day 1 macrophage culture strongly inhibited urokinase type plasminogen activator ( PA ) and this plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) activities decreased following the extension of postsurgical time . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We used the amnion invasion assay to investigate whether monocyte invasiveness is affected by matrix bound plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI ) and by fluid phase u PA . ^^^ Finally , the inhibitory action of matrix bound PAI 1 can be abrogated by addition of 5 IU / ml u PA to the monocytes in the invasion chamber . ^^^ These findings indicate that monocyte invasiveness might be regulated not only by expression and occupation of u PA R but also by matrix bound PAI 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The authors examined the effect of insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) , epidermal growth factor ( EGF ) , and acidic fibroblast growth factor ( AFGF ) on the synthesis by human retinal endothelial cell ( HREC ) of plasminogen activators ( PA ; tissue type [ t PA ] and urokinase type [ u PA ] ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Type 1 PAI ( PAI 1 ) is the physiological inhibitor both of urinary type PA ( u PA ) and tissue type PA ( t PA ) ( Loskutoff et al . , 1989 ) and is a major component of the ECM of cultured cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The apparent difference in u PA activity and antigen levels of these two lines was not due to the difference in the production of plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) , because PAI antigen level and PAI activity in the culture media were almost equal between them . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activators t PA , u PA and its inhibitor ( PAI ) in normal males and females . ^^^ We determined the plasma levels of tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) activity and their antigen levels including urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) in 33 male and 27 female normal subjects . ^^^ This study demonstrates that significant differences in t PA , u PA and PAI exist between male and female subjects which should be taken into account when determining their levels in clinical conditions . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ethanol at both concentrations induced after 30 days a decreased PAI in the pyloric region and the body of the stomach , which was expressed against u PA , but not against t PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A decreased PAI expressed against tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) was found in lungs of all treated rats compared to controls . ^^^ However , an increased PAI was noted in heart , liver and aorta against t PA or u PA after bilateral adrenalectomy and in liver after bilateral demedullation as well as after unilateral adrenalectomy / unilateral demedullation ( rats with only one adrenal cortex ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , by the coexpression of uPA and PAI 1 , the alveolar epithelium may actively regulate the generation of plasmin in both the normal and injured alveolus . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) antigen , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) antigen and activity , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) type 1 antigen , PAI activity , antithrombin ( AT ) 3 activity , and protein C activity were measured in 24 patients suffering from sepsis or septic shock and the results were compared with those observed in 30 non sepsis patients with severe infectious disease . ^^^ Urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) antigen , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) antigen and activity , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) type 1 antigen , PAI activity , antithrombin ( AT ) 3 activity , and protein C activity were measured in 24 patients suffering from sepsis or septic shock and the results were compared with those observed in 30 non sepsis patients with severe infectious disease . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A short term treatment of the undifferentiated Tera 2 cells with basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) increases uPA mRNA levels and the cell associated uPA activity , whereas the secretory tPA activity decreases . bFGF induces PAI 1 mRNA expression in the undifferentiated cells , but unlike PAI 1 protein after RA treatment , the inhibitor does not accumulate around the cells but is released in the medium . ^^^ Under these conditions bFGF treatment leads to an increase in the amounts of PAI 1 and uPA mRNAs , but no changes in the localization of these components can be seen . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
U PA was determined by a competition RIA , t PA by an ELISA and PAI by a spectrophotometric assay . 15 patients showed normozoospermia , 11 azoospermia and 41 oligoasthenoteratozoospermia ( OAT syndrome ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This suggested a degree of sequestration and inaccessibility of membrane bound u PA of LPS activated Mo to PAI 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tissue specific distribution of tissue type and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( t PA and u PA ) and their inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) was analyzed at mRNA level in five major rat organ tissues . t PA mRNA was detected in lung , kidney , heart , and liver . u PA mRNA was detected in kidney and lung . ^^^ Endotoxin injection also caused an increased level of t PA mRNA in heart and kidney , and an increased u PA mRNA level in kidney . mRNA analysis of freshly isolated and separated subfractionated liver cells showed that the marked increase in PAI 1 mRNA in the liver after endotoxin injection may be due mainly to a strong increase of PAI 1 mRNA in the liver endothelial cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Upon stimulation of early passage umbilical vein endothelial cells by TNF , u PA was predominantly secreted at the basolateral side , whereas PAI activity and t PA were found in more equal amounts at the apical and basolateral sides of the cell monolayers . ^^^ The u PA antigen was present in a plasmin activatable form ( single chain u PA ) and in a nonactivatable form ( probably u PA : PAI 1 complex ) . ^^^ The parallel induction of the synthesis and secretion of both u PA and PAI 1 by endothelial cells adds a new aspect to the alterations of the fibrinolytic system caused by inflammatory mediators . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The PAI inhibited not only urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) but single and two chain tissue type plasminogen activators ( t PAs ) on plasminogen containing fibrin plate . ^^^ It formed SDS stable complexes with both t PA and u PA but not with prourokinase as demonstrated by both fibrin zymography and immunoblotting using anti PA and anti PAI 2 antisera after SDS PAGE . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cultured BCEs secreted both tissue type and urokinase type PAs ( tPA and uPA ) and PAI 1 into the culture medium , and the secretion of both PAs was enhanced by the addition of bFGF . ^^^ PAI 1 complex , and the PA activity was derived mostly from uPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Corneal epithelial cells secrete tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and their inhibitor ( PAI ) , whereas these cell types in other tissues are known to secrete only u PA hitherto . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Species of PAs and PAI secreted from the GECs were urokinase type PA ( u PA ) and tissue type PA ( t PA ) , while the major species was a single chain u PA in the amount of 28 . 6 + / 2 . 34 ng / 10 ( 5 ) cells for 24 hours ( N = 4 , mean + / SD ) , and PAI 1 . ^^^ The addition of increased concentrations of thrombin ( 0 . 1 to 31 . 6 U / ml ) into confluent cultures enhanced the GECs to release u PA , t PA and PAI 1 in a dose and time dependent manner . ^^^ The incubation of the GECs with 10 U / ml thrombin resulted in about a fourfold increase in the concentration of u PA , threefold in t PA and twofold in PAI 1 . ^^^ IL 1 enhanced the release of t PA and PAI 1 , and TNF did that of u PA and t PA , while gamma IFN showed no significant effects . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The following tests were performed : euglobulin clot lysis time ( ECLT ) , fibrinolytic activity of euglobulins on fibrin plates in the presence and absence of blocking antibodies to tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and / or urokinase ( u PA ) , overall plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) activity , antigen levels of t PA , u PA and PAI 1 and zymography of the euglobulin fraction after SDS PAGE . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Secretion of PAI by migrating cells is generally stimulated by the same factors that induce uPA secretion , limiting the degradation of the matrix to the pericellular path . ^^^ On the other hand , as for uPA , tPA is inhibited by PAI 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , at this stoichiometry , only a minority of 125I scu PA molecules formed SDS stable complexes with PAI 1 ( i . e . complexes that formed a covalent bond upon denaturation ) , even though the uncomplexed PAI 1 molecules remained competent to inhibit u PA enzymatic activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma concentrations of urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA / competitive radioimmunoassay ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA / sandwich ELISA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI / functional assay ) were determined in 44 women ( age : 24 . 3 + / 4 . 3 years ) with normal pregnancy near term . ^^^ Compared with an age matched non pregnant control group ( 8 . 3 + / 3 . 94 U / ml ) significantly increased PAI activity ( 12 . 13 + / 4 . 79 U / ml p less than 0 . 005 ) was measured before delivery with a subsequent significant decrease ( 8 . 13 + / 1 . 97 U / ml ) to normal values on day 1 after delivery ; plasma u PA and t PA antigen levels remained unchanged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ovarian follicles produce two types of plasminogen activator ( tPA and uPA ) , and their inhibitor ( PAI ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Blood was collected at least 3 months after the last acute episode , and PAI 1 antigen and activity , as well as tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) antigen , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) antigen , and fibrinolytic activity were measured in these samples . ^^^ Furthermore , good responders , as compared with bad responders , had higher t PA release ( median 16 . 5 5 11 . 5 ng / mL ) , lower basal PAI activity ( median 4 . 8 5 11 . 2 U / mL ) , and lower basal PAI 1 ( median 11 5 21 ng / mL ) and u PA antigen ( median 7 . 9 5 9 . 0 ng / mL , P less than . 02 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The granulosa cells of 49 follicles from 20 patients undergoing in vitro fertilization were obtained by laparoscopy and tested for the content of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and inhibitor of plasminogen activator ( PAI ) . ^^^ The respective granulosa cells of fertilized oocytes exhibited higher levels of t PA compared to their unfertilized counterparts , whereas no significant difference occurred in the levels of u PA and PAI . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
From four of the mixed primary tumors with distinct melanotic and amelanotic zones , the respective components were propagated separately in transgenic hosts as s . c . transplants to obtain data for clearly identifiable melanotic versus amelanotic parts . u PA and PAI 1 mRNAs were expressed in all . t PA expression varied greatly and was notably high in several amelanotic tumors or tumor components , possibly as a result of large blood vessels , as such vessels were seen to be t PA positive in normal tissue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , we recently conducted a histochemical study of the distribution of t PA , Urokinase type PA ( u PA ) and PAI in transplanted kidneys . ^^^ These renal samples as well as control samples ( biopsied from normal nongrafted kidney ) were examined as to distribution of t PA , u PA and PAI by the indirect enzyme complement method . ^^^ In conclusion , t PA , u PA and PAI were detected in the glomeruli , arterioles , tubule and interstices of the control kidneys , well functioning grafts , acutely rejected grafts chronically rejected grafts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fibrin degradation is plasmin dependent and is regulated by the balance between plasminogen activators ( PA ) , tissue PA ( t PA ) , urokinase PA ( u PA ) , and their inhibitors ( PAI ) . ^^^ Fibrin induction of t PA was selective because the levels of u PA ( 45 kD ) , PAI 1 ( 50 kD ) , or protein synthesis in general were unaffected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since the plasminogen activator [ PA / plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) system is believed to be involved in a breakdown of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis ( OA ) , we studied the modulation of single components of the fibrinolytic system ( urokinase type plasminogen activator , u PA ; plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 , PAI 1 ; the surface receptor for u PA , u PAR ) in human chondrocytes in the presence of piroxicam . ^^^ At the same time , internalization of u PA / u PAR complexes increased after incubation of chondrocytes with piroxicam or PAI 1 rich SF . ^^^ Our results indicate that the drug induces the surface clearance u PAR by internalization of u PA / PAI / u PAR complexes . ^^^ Thus piroxicam reduces both the soluble fibrinolytic activity of human chondrocytes ( increase of PAI activity and decrease of released u PA ) and the cell associated u PA activity ( clearance of u PAR by internalization ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PAI 1 and uPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Staining of t PA , u PA , and PAI was observed in all the metastases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The activity of uPA on the cell surface appears to be a function of the number of uPA specific receptors ( uPAR ) and the extent of inhibition of uPA by plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The B 16 cell lines did not secrete any gelatinase , but they secreted TIMP 2 , tissue type ( t PA ) , urokinase type ( u PA ) plasminogen activators and PAI 1 like activities . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Isotretinoin ( 40 mg ) was administered in the morning and in the evening for 5 days . t PA , u PA and PAI 1 antigen and activity in plasma were measured every morning at 9 a . m . on days 1 to 4 and every 3 hours over 24 hours on day 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we determined the plasma levels of tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and von Willebrand factor ( vWF ) antigen in Blackfoot disease patients , in comparison with normal controls from non endemic areas and the endemic area , Putai . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The balance between pro and anti fibrinolytic activities was quantitatively changed in the murine macrophages after the injection of thioglycollate . uPA like materials were synthesized by the macrophages and secreted to the conditioned medium continuously , while PAI activity was unchanged during the same time period . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This difference was largely due to cell surface turnover of active uPA complexed with plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) . ^^^ These data indicate that cytokines prime monocyte progenitors for uPA receptor mediated signals leading to adherence , continued uPA receptor occupancy is required for adherence , and PAI decreases adherence by promoting clearance of uPA / PAI complexes . ^^^ Thus the interaction of uPA and PAI at the cell surface , known to affect extracellular matrix proteolysis and hence myeloid cell migration , also regulates adhesion . ^^^ The coordinated regulation of these two uPA functions by PAI may enhance the migratory potential of monocytic cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , uPA , tPA , and PAI 1 were identified in the extracts by immunoenzymatic assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator activity ( PAA ) and plasminogen activator inhibition ( PAI ) , against t PA ( t PAI ) or u PA ( u PAI ) , in spermatozoa and seminal plasma as well as testosterone in the blood of Friesland , Chios , and Karagouniki rams all showed a seasonal variation with the highest values during the corresponding breeding season of the ewes ( Autumn Winter ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mice with combined homozygous deficiency of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) ( T U ) , of t PA and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) ( T P ) , of u PA and PAI 1 ( U P ) or of t PA , u PA , and PAI 1 ( T U P ) were generated by inbreeding of mice with the respective deficiencies . ^^^ Homologous recombination at the t PA , u PA and PAI 1 locus was verified by Southern blot analysis of genomic tail tip DNA , and confirmed by measurement of antigen levels in plasma or urine . ^^^ Thus , the phenotype of mice with combined deficiency of t PA and PAI 1 or of u PA and PAI 1 is similar to the phenotype observed in mice with single deficiency of the plasminogen activator . ^^^ Additional deletion of PAI in mice with combined deficiency of t PA and u PA does not restore the deficient in vivo fibrinolytic capacity , but significantly reduces the thrombotic phenotype , as revealed by fewer , smaller and less calcified fibrin deposits in the liver . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While TPA treatment evoked a temporary increased expression of urokinase type PA ( uPA ) , the production of both types of human plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI ) was induced and sustained over 12 h by TPA treatment shifting the protease protease inhibitors balance in favor of the inhibitors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : In patients undergoing gastric surgery for malignant ( n = 18 ) or benign ( n = 21 ) disorders . , blood drawn from the portal vein and a peripheral vein was analysed for tissue type plasminogen activator antigen and activity ( tPA : Ag , tPA : Act ) , single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator activity ( scuPA : Act ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen and activity ( PAI : Ag , PAI : Act ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Concentrations of all antigens ( uPA , tissue type PA ( tPA ) , uPAR , and PAI 1 ) , were significantly greater in RA than OA ; those in OA were significantly greater than normal . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PATIENTS AND METHODS : In 50 consecutive node positive breast cancer patients , serial coagulation studies ( fibrinogen method of Clauss , antithrombin 3 , protein C amidolytic methods , D dimer enzyme linked immunoadsorbent assay [ ELISA ] techniques , and plasminogen activator inhibitor [ PAI ] activity u PA inhibition test ) and impedance plethysmography ( IPG ) for screening of deep vein thrombosis ( DVT ) were performed preoperatively and postoperatively , before each of six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy ( 60 mg / m2 epirubicin and 600 mg / m2 cyclophosphamide ) and 3 months thereafter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study demonstrated the profile of the neutral proteinases , 1 ) matrix metalloproteinases ( MMP ) 1 , 2 , 3 , and 9 , and 2 ) serine proteinases , elastase , cathepsin G , urokinase and tissue type plasminogen activators ( uPA and tPA ) as well as their inhibitors , namely , tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases ( TIMP ) 1 , alpha 1 antitrypsin , alpha 1 antichymotrypsin , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 & 2 , around loose hip prostheses to clarify the step in the cascade of biological host response in the loosening of replaced total hip joints . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To know the effects of sex steroids on the potentials of growth , invasion , and metastasis with neovascularization of endometrial cancer , the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 [ an inhibitor of tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) ] and its mRNA in well differentiated uterine endometrial cancer cell line Ishikawa was determined by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction Southern blotting ( RT PCR SB ) , respectively , under the influence of sex steroids . ^^^ Therefore , sex steroidal induction of PAI 1 might contribute to the inhibition of invasion and metastasis , concomitantly with the inhibition of neovascularization associated with tPA and uPA activities , in well differentiated endometrial cancer . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) generates plasmin , a process inhibited by plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 and localized to the cell surface by binding of uPA to a specific receptor . ^^^ Northern analysis showed cellular expression of messenger RNA ( mRNA ) for PAI 1 , uPA , and uPA receptor . ^^^ Zymography / reverse zymography identified cell surface associated uPA activity and uPA and PAI 1 in culture media . ^^^ Net uPA activity in culture media was maximal after 7 days in culture and then declined , whereas PAI 1 antigen levels remained consistently elevated between 7 and 21 days in culture . ^^^ Treatment of cultured HSCs with retinoic acid ( 1 micromol / L ) increased uPA secretion 2 . 6 fold but did not alter PAI 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to clarify a role of stromal cells in sex steroidal neovascularization , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 [ an inhibitor of tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) ] and its messenger ribonucleic acid ( mRNA ) were analysed in fibroblasts derived from uterine endometrium as a model for endometrial stromal cells under the influence of sex steroids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Many lines of evidence support an involvement of urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and its type 1 inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) in the migration of a variety of cells , including normal keratinocytes and carcinoma lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of proteolytic parameters of the urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) system [ uPA receptor ( uPA R ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 ] has been proven to be an independent prognostic parameter in cancer . ^^^ Multivariate Cox analysis performed to correct these results for relative impact of the uPA system and established prognostic factors showed PAI 1 ( disease free survival : P=0 . 002 , relative risk 1 . 86 ; overall survival : P=0 . 005 , relative risk 1 . 39 ) , pT and pN as independent parameters . ^^^ For detailed pattern analysis , stepwise overall Kaplan Meier analyses were performed in subgroups of high uPA R , uPA , PAI 1 and cathepsin D expression for two additional proteases each . ^^^ From these analyses , the combination of high ( score 2 / 3 ) expression of uPA R , PAI 1 , antichymotrypsin and alpha 2 macroglobulin was identified as a high risk pattern , representing parameters known to be essential for uPA R internalization and recycling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Compared to the controls , plasma levels of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 antigen , D Dimer and enhanced thrombin generation were significantly ( P < 0 . 0001 ) increased in children with the common factor 5 mutation . ^^^ Whether high concentrations of t PA , u PA and PAI 1 antigen can predict future vascular occlusion in children with APCR requires a more extensive multicentre study . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , we studied the role of APC on fibrinolysis in placenta . ( 1 ) uPA activity of cell membrane reappears after incubation with uPA / PAI 1 complex and a large amount of APC by flow cytometry , ( 2 ) APC was made PAI 1 / APC complex after incubation of uPA / PAI 1 complex with APC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CONCLUSIONS : Tat affects the fibrinolytic activity of tumour cell lines derived from BKV / tat transgenic mice by modulating the production of both uPA and PAI 1 via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms of action . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In 15 patients we investigated coagulation parameters before , during and post CPB , i . e . , fibrinogen , antithrombin ( AT ) 3 , thrombin antithrombin complex ( TAT ) , prothrombin fragments F 1 + 2 ( F 1 + 2 ) , factor ( F ) XIIa , tissue factor ( TF ) , and parameters of the fibrinolytic system , i . e . , plasmin antiplasmin complex ( PAP ) , D dimer , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The authors attempted to examine the immunohistochemical expression of uPA , uPAR , and PAI 1 in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract ( TCC UUT ) . ^^^ RESULTS : There was moderate to strong cytoplasmic staining for uPA , PAI 1 , and uPAR in 57 . 8 % , 96 . 1 % , and 88 . 3 % , respectively , of tumor epithelial cells , and in 22 . 7 % , 53 . 9 % , and 24 . 7 % , respectively , of stromal cells at the tumor / stroma interface . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both the xenograft and the patient ' s tumour showed intense staining for mutant p 53 nuclear protein , and high expression of U PA , PAI and u PAR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We applied monoclonal antibodies against MMP 1 , 2 , 3 , 9 and their inhibitors TIMP 1 / 2 , as well as against urokinase plasminogen activator u PA and its inhibitor PAI to investigate their influence on articular cartilage degradation in patients with varusgonarthritis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Incubation with lovastatin ( 5 microM ) of proximal tubules isolated from untreated rats induced an increase in tPA and uPA and a decrease in plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) activities . ^^^ In vitro , supernatants , cytosols , and membranes of renal proximal tubular cells in primary cultures had no detectable uPA activity , and lovastatin ( 0 . 1 to 10 microM ) induced an increase in tPA and a decrease in PAI 1 activities and antigens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Finally , target genes and proteins situated on the downstream pathway of p 53 transcription appears to be the most important factors of growth acceleration or even cell dissemination in lung cancer ( Rb and its phosphorylation pathway , Bax Bc 12 balance and matrix degrading enzymes UPA and inhibitor PAI ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we investigated the in vivo effect of theobromine on angiogenic activity of human urothelial cell line HCV 29 , 5 raf transfected ( mouse cutaneous assay ) , and the in vitro effect of this drug on VEGF , tPA , uPA and PAI mRNA expression in these cells ( RT PCR method ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells synthesize tissue type and urokinase type PA ( tPA and uPA ) and their major physiological inhibitor , PAI 1 . ^^^ Overexpression of uPA or deficiency of PAI 1 promotes neointima and aneurysm formation , which is probably due to active remodelling of extracellular matrix in vascular wall caused by excess plasmin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two transfected neuroblastoma cell lines with ( WAC 2 cells ) or without ( SH EP 007 cells ) enhanced expression of the N myc oncogene were examined by zymography and RNA extraction to determine UPA and PAI enzyme activity and uPA RNA and PAI RNA expression , respectively . ^^^ The effect of genistein , an inhibitor of tyrosine protein kinase , on uPA / PAI was also investigated . ^^^ Both the uPA / PAI 1 ratio at mRNA level and the PA / PAI ratio at protein activity level were higher in the more malignant , WAC 2 cell line . ^^^ Genistein attenuated uPA activity and stimulated PAI activity in both cell lines , leading to a decrease in the PA / PAI ratio . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DESIGN AND METHODS : Samples of stimulated conditioned media were collected over a period of 24 hours to determine : plasminogen activator ( PA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) activity , PAI 1 mRNA , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) antigen and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) antigen . ^^^ INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS : We conclude that endotoxin , +TNFalpha and IL 1alpha induce profound alterations in the fibrinolytic potential of HUVEC , characterized by an initial rise of activators ( u PA ) followed by a strong increase of PAI 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Studies carried out over the past 10 years in a number of laboratories have elucidated some of the biochemical events related to the function and regulation of the PA system in the ovary : hormone induced proteolytic activity provided by tissue type PA ( tPA ) and modulated by PAI 1 in the preovulatory follicles is responsible for a controlled and directed proteolysis leading to rupture of selected follicles during ovulation , whereas the coordinated expression of urokinase type PA ( uPA ) and PAI 1 in the early growing follicle may be important in ECM degradation during cell proliferation and migration ; the PA system may also play a role in the control of corpus luteum ( CL ) development through an autocrine or paracrine mechanism . ^^^ Increase in tPA and PAI 1 expression in CL at a later stage is well correlated with a sharp decrease in CL progesterone production , while the increase in uPA mRNA levels and activity in the early stage of CL development is correlated with an increase in progesterone secretion . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 , a serine protease inhibitor , inactivates urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and regulates degradation of the extracellular matrix ; whether it functions for or against tumor progression , however , has been the subject of controversy . ^^^ These results suggest that PAI 1 plays a role in inhibiting invasion and proliferation , and the balance between uPA and PAI 1 expression is important to assess the invasiveness of HCC cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There is evidence that serine proteases , such as tissue plasminogen activator ( TPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( UPA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) , are involved in this process . ^^^ Vitreous levels of VEGF , TPA , UPA , and PAI were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) were investigated in the pre surgical period and in the postoperative follow up period in children suffering from Ewing sarcoma ( ES ; n = 36 ) or osteosarcoma ( OS ; n = 39 ) . ^^^ Besides a short lasting increase of PAI 1 in patients with OS on day 1 and in children with Es on day 14 , a small and significant but clinically irrelevant difference was found on days 7 10 for plasminogen , t PA and u PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
High amounts of p 185 were significantly associated with a high expression of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) ( P < . 010 ) , uPA receptor ( P = . 030 ) , type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) ( P < . 010 ) , type 2 PAI ( P = . 021 ) , cathepsin D ( P = . 036 ) , matrix metalloproteinase 2 ( P = . 024 ) , alpha 1 antichymotrypsin ( P = . 025 ) , and alpha 2 macroglobulin ( P = . 017 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both isoforms ( alpha and beta ) of IL 1 ( interleukin 1 ) increased as cells approached crisis , and the presence of these cytokines may be responsible for the increased levels of tPA , PAI , and uPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We compared two methods that measure plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) activity in plasma based on the ability of PAI to inhibit tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) or urokinase ( uPA ) in order to determine which method most accurately measures plasma PAI activity after stressors , like hemorrhage . ^^^ Using standard curves derived from rhPAI 1 , we found that the tPA PAI assay was more sensitive than the uPA PAI assay . ^^^ However , we measured a 10 fold difference in PAI activity as measured between assays , suggesting that some endogenous plasma constituents ( tPA , uPA , plasminogen or plasmin ) may interfere with the accurate determination of PAI activity . ^^^ The uPA PAI assay does not have this confounding problem because endogenous uPA does not interfere with the assay , nor does it rise during hemorrhage . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this paper we describe the expression of the tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and the uPA receptor ( uPAR ) , in normal and atheromatous human vascular tissue obtained at coronary and peripheral vascular surgery . tPA , uPA , PAI 1 and uPAR antigens were localised by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ Vessel homogenates were used to quantitate tPA , uPA and PAI 1 antigens as well as uPA and PAI 1 activities using immunoassay and immunoactivity assays , respectively . ^^^ Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays ( PAI 1 and uPA ) were developed and used to quantify PAI 1 and uPA mRNA . ^^^ In situ hybridisation ( tPA , uPA and PAI 1 ) was used to localise mRNA . ^^^ In normal saphenous vein or internal mammary artery , expression of tPA , uPA and PAI expression is associated with endothelium and with intimal or medial smooth muscle cells , but expression is at a low level . uPAR protein was seen on the endothelium of normal saphenous vein or internal mammary artery but absent on the smooth muscle cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although fragments of the extracellular matrix component hyaluronan induce macrophage production of inflammatory mediators , the effect of hyaluronan on the fibrinolytic mediators plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) is unknown . ^^^ This study demonstrates that hyaluronan fragments augment steady state mRNA , protein , and inhibitory activity of PAI 1 as well as diminish the baseline levels of uPA mRNA and inhibit uPA activity in an alveolar macrophage cell line . ^^^ Hyaluronan fragments alter macrophage expression of PAI 1 and uPA at the level of gene transcription . ^^^ Similarly , hyaluronan fragments augment PAI 1 and diminish uPA mRNA levels in freshly isolated inflammatory alveolar macrophages from bleomycin treated rats . ^^^ These data suggest that hyaluronan fragments influence alveolar macrophage expression of PAI 1 and uPA and may be a mechanism for regulating fibrinolytic activity during lung inflammation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Deprivation of these two amino acids decreased the secretion of urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) while plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 and 2 were increased in these cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of PAI 2 on papilloma formation did not appear to involve inhibition of the secreted protease urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) : PAI 2 accumulated predominantly in cells , and PAI 2 overexpression failed to alleviate a phenotype induced by uPA secretion , as demonstrated by a double transgenic strategy . ^^^ In addition , in situ hybridization revealed that uPA mRNA is not expressed concomitantly with PAI 2 in developing papillomas . ^^^ We conclude that overexpression of PAI 2 promotes the development and progression of epidermal papillomas in a manner that does not involve inhibition of its extracellular target protease , uPA , but appears to be related to an inhibition of apoptosis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PURPOSE : Urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and its inhibitor , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 , have been shown to be related to poor prognosis in a variety of malignant solid tumors . ^^^ Studies on the prognostic relevance of uPA and PAI 1 in ovarian cancer , however , have been inconclusive . ^^^ The current study tests the hypothesis that elevated expression of uPA and PAI 1 is associated with prognosis and disease progression . ^^^ EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN : uPA and PAI 1 were prospectively measured by quantitative ELISA in tumor samples from 103 ovarian cancer patients ( 82 primary invasive epithelial carcinomas , 9 low malignant potential tumors , and 12 recurrent ovarian carcinomas ) . ^^^ RESULTS : uPA but not PAI 1 levels were consistently associated with malignant progression , with levels increased from low malignant potential tumors to primary tumors ( uPA , P = 0 . 04 ; PAI 1 , P = 0 . 019 ) , from early to advanced disease stages ( uPA , P = 0 . 014 ; PAI 1 , P = 0 . 23 ) , and from primary to intra abdominal metastatic tumors ( uPA , P = 0 . 001 ; PAI 1 , P = 0 . 16 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Indeed in several tumour types , elevated levels of uPA , its receptor ( uPAR ) or its inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) is associated with a poorer prognosis . ^^^ The aims were to assess whether the uPA , uPAR and / or PAI 1 correlates with angiogenic activity and could therefore be a useful objective clinical measure of tumour neovascularization ; and to clarify whether the poor outcome associated with high levels of the urokinase system is due to its association with angiogenesis . ^^^ The cytosolic levels of uPA , PAI 1 and uPAR were therefore measured by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay , together with tumour vascularity , in 136 well characterized invasive breast carcinomas . ^^^ There were significant relationships between uPA and uPAR ( Spearman r=0 . 37 , p < 0 . 0001 ) , uPA and PAI 1 ( Spearman r=0 . 19 , p=0 . 03 ) and between uPAR and PAI 1 ( Spearman r=0 . 23 p=0 . 01 ) . ^^^ A significant correlation was also observed between PAI 1 and vessel remodelling ( Spearman r=0 . 34 , p=0 . 04 ) , patient age ( p=0 . 01 ) , nodal status ( p=0 . 047 ) and tumour grade ( p=0 . 04 ) , but no association between tumour vascularity and PAI ( p=0 . 96 ) , uPA ( p=0 . 69 ) or uPAR ( p=0 . 81 ) was present . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The non invasive human melanoma cell line , IF 6 , which does not express uPA , provided further confirmation of PAI 1 and uPA ' s role as , upon transfection with uPA , this cell line attained an invasive phenotype , which was again attenuated by MAI 12 . ^^^ Although antibodies to PAI 1 did not affect the adhesion of HT 1080 cells to vitronectin , the antibody to uPA reduced their attachment . ^^^ Furthermore melanoma cells transfected with a uPA variant , which had an impaired interaction with PAI 1 , were not invasive and had impaired binding to vitronectin . ^^^ These data also suggest that uPA and PAI 1 may co operate in the migratory process by respectively facilitating the attachment to , and subsequent detachment from , vitronectin in the extracellular matrix . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At the cellular level , particulate nickel subsulfide inhibits fibrinolysis by transcriptionally inducing expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 , an inhibitor of the urokinase type plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) system is a dynamic complex in which the membrane receptor uPAR binds uPA that binds the plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 localized in the extracellular matrix , resulting in endocytosis of the whole complex by the low density lipoprotein receptor related protein ( LRP ) . ^^^ We previously reported a nonproteolytic role of the [ uPAR : uPA : PAI 1 : LRP ] complex operative in cell migration . ^^^ We showed that the uPA system and LRP are localized at filopodia of invasive cells , and that formation / internalization of the [ uPAR : uPA : PAI 1 : LRP ] complex is required for attachment and migration of cancer cells on plastic and on a PAI 1 coat . ^^^ Migration velocity , expression of the uPA system , use of the [ uPAR : uPA : PAI 1 : LRP ] complex to migrate , and promigratory effects of PAI 1 paralleled cancer cell invasiveness . ^^^ Phenotyping and functional analysis of invasive cancer cell subclones indicated that different cell subpopulations may use different strategies to migrate depending on both the environment and their expression of the uPA system , some of them taking advantage of abundant available PAI 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Adhesion molecules ( E cadherin , catenins , serum intercellular adhesion molecule 1 , CD 44 variants ) , proteinases involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix ( MMP 2 , MMP 9 , uPA , uPAR , PAI ) , as well as other molecules have been regarded as biomarkers for the malignant phenotype of HCC , and are related to prognosis and therapeutic outcomes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PURPOSE : The serine proteases tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and their inhibitor , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 , regulate a variety of processes involved in tissue morphogenesis and differentiation . ^^^ The authors investigated whether expression of t PA , u PA , and PAI 1 in human retinal glial cells ( HRGCs ) is influenced by exposure to transforming growth factor ( TGF ) beta , a cytokine that regulates the proliferation and differentiation of cells . ^^^ METHODS : The extracellular release of t PA , u PA , and PAI 1 was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) in the supernatant of HRGC cultures , under basal conditions and after stimulation with TGF beta at various concentrations ( 2 , 5 , 10 , or 20 ng / mL ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PAI 1 inhibits tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator , resulting in reduced plasminogen activity and attenuated fibrinolysis and proteolysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Expression of matrix metallsoproteinase ( MMP ) 2 , MMP 9 , tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases ( TIMP ) 1 and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , other than that of TIMP 2 and plasminogen activator inhibitor type ( PAI ) 1 , was observed in normal trophoblastic cells in in vitro culture . ^^^ DCM derived from wemon of early and full term pregnancy down regulated the expression of MMP 2 , MMP 9 , u PA while up regulated the expression of TIMP 1 , PAI 1 . ^^^ CONCLUSION : DCM may exhibit its anti invasive activity by regulating the expression of genes involved in the regulation of trophoblastic cell invasion , such as MMP 2 , MMP 9 , TIMP 1 , u PA and PAI 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To test the hypothesis that during wounding , exposed collagen , the most abundant ECM molecule in the skin , regulates keratinocyte PA and PAI gene expression , we utilized an in vitro model in which activated keratinocytes were cultured in dishes coated with collagen or other ECM substrates . tPA , uPA , and PAI 1 mRNA and enzymatic activity were detected when activated keratinocytes attached to fibronectin , vitronectin , collagen 4 , and RGD peptide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We provide evidence that plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 can detach cells by disrupting uPAR VN and integrin VN interactions and that it does so by binding to the uPA present in uPA uPAR integrin complexes on the cell surface . ^^^ Immunoprecipitation and subcellular fractionation experiments reveal that PAI 1 treatment triggers deactivation and disengagement of uPA uPAR integrin complexes and their endocytic clearance by the low density lipoprotein receptor related protein . ^^^ Transfection experiments demonstrate that efficient cell detachment by PAI 1 requires an excess of matrix engaged uPA uPAR integrin complexes over free engaged integrins and that changes in this ratio alter the efficacy of PAI 1 . ^^^ Together , these results suggest a VN independent , uPA uPAR dependent mechanism by which PAI 1 induces cell detachment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEGF and bFGF stimulation also significantly induced uPA expression , most strikingly the level of 33 kDa uPA , and increased the expression of PA inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 . ^^^ Genistein , apigenin , and 3 hydroxyflavone effectively blocked the generation of 33 kDa uPA , and further decreased the activity of the 55 kDa uPA and the expression of PAI 1 below the basal level . ^^^ In conclusion , these data suggest that genistein , apigenin , and 3 hydroxyflavone inhibit in vitro angiogenesis , in part via preventing VEGF / bFGF induced MMP 1 and uPA expression and the activation of pro MMP 2 , and via modulating their inhibitors , TIMP 1 and 2 , and PAI 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 activity , uPA antigen and factor ( F ) XIIa did not significantly differ between the patient groups and healthy controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : The expression of uPA and PAI 1 as parameters of tumour associated proteolysis has been implicated in the process of tumour cell invasion and the metastatic process . ^^^ METHODS : Quantitative levels for uPA ( n = 114 ) and PAI 1 ( n = 103 ) were researched in operatively treated , surgically staged squamous cell cancer of the uterine cervix , using an ELISA technique . ^^^ Multivariate analysis , including nodal status , tumour stage , lymphovascular space involvement and grading failed to demonstrate any prognostic impact of uPA and PAI 1 . ^^^ Clinical relevance of urokinase type plasminogen activator and its inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) in squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this paper , we have studied the contribution of the plasminogen activation system in the development of atherosclerosis by cross breeding apoE 3 Leiden mice , which have a human like lipid profile , with mice deficient in PAI 1 ( plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ) , u PA ( urokinase plasminogen activator ) , and t PA ( tissue plasminogen activator ) . ^^^ Lesion area of plaques in the aortic valve was not significantly different in apoE 3 Leiden : PAI / and apoE 3 Leiden : u PA / mice as compared to apoE 3 Leiden mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator ( urinary plasminogen activator , urokinase ) ( uPA ) and its PA 1 type 1 inhibitor are not only prognostically but also predictively significant and support clinical decisions on therapy in primary carcinoma of the breast ] . uPA and PAI 1 are the first novel tumor biological prognostic factors in breast cancer for which the prognostic impact has been validated at the highest level of evidence and hence all evaluation criteria for transfer into clinical practice have been fullfilled . ^^^ Breast cancer patients with high uPA and / or PAI 1 levels in their primary tumor tissue have a significantly lower chance for cure than patients with low levels of both uPA and PAI 1 . ^^^ Our research that was honored with the Schmidt Matthiesen Award 2002 shows for the first time that uPA and PAI 1 are not only prognostic factors but also have a predictive impact with regard to response to adjuvant chemotherapy . ^^^ Patients with high uPA / PAI 1 derive a significantly greater benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy than patients with low uPA / PAI 1 . ^^^ Benefit from adjuvant endocrine therapy is independent of uPA / PAI 1 status . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since PCI itself did not affect the proliferation rate of Caki 1 cells or cell expression of uPA in vitro , the effect of uPA , PCI , heat inactivated PCI and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 on the invasive potential of cultured RCC cells was evaluated . ^^^ The in vitro invasiveness of Caki 1 cells , which express uPA , was significantly enhanced by the addition of uPA , and it was inhibited by anti uPA antibody , PCI and PAI 1 , but not by heat inactivated PCI . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
XR 5967 , a diketopiperazine , dose dependently inhibited the activity of human and murine PAI 1 , towards urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , with IC 50 values of 800 nM and 8 . 3 microM , respectively . ^^^ This was confirmed by SDS PAGE , revealing that XR 5967 inhibited complex formation between PAI 1 and uPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TGF beta 1 also downregulated urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) activity while upregulating PA inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 and thrombospondin ( TSP ) 1 gene expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The release of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI ) by GEC or whole glomeruli was assessed by ELISA , fibrin zymography and Northern blot . ^^^ The binding of AgIgG to GEC elicited a dose and time dependent increase in the release of uPA activity , as in the uPA protein and mRNA expression without modification in the release of PAI . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Specifically , overexpression of SRF in human lung fibroblasts upregulated urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and its substrate Plg , whereas it downregulated plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 . ^^^ To determine whether uPA , Plg , and PAI 1 were abnormally expressed in LAM in vivo , we immunostained 12 LAM cases . ^^^ Microdissection based reverse transcriptase / polymerase chain reaction further confirmed upregulation of uPA and Plg and downregulation of PAI 1 message in LAM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Levels of plasminogen activity , uPA , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , and their inhibitor , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) were measured in tears and plasma of patients with VKC . ^^^ The presence of tPA , uPA , and urokinase receptor ( uPAR ) in conjunctival tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry . uPA , uPAR , and PAI 1 expression and production were measured in conjunctival epithelial cell and fibroblast cultures treated with cytokines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , As2O3 increased the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase ( TIMP ) 1 and PA inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 , and reduced the MMP 2 , 9 , and uPA promoter activity in the presence and absence of PMA . ^^^ These results suggest that As2O3 inhibits tumor cell invasion by modulating the MMPs / TIMPs and uPA / uPAR / PAI systems of extracellular matrix ( ECM ) degradation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results showed that cyanidin 3 glucoside and cyanidin 3 rutinoside treatments could decrease the expressions of matrix matalloprotinase 2 ( MMP 2 ) and urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) in a dose dependent manner and enhance the expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix matalloprotinase 2 ( TIMP 2 ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the 14th day adhesions were evaluated and tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) type 1 and 2 were measured in peritoneal biopsy specimens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The HUVECs were treated with various concentrations of BDNF ( 25 400 ng / ml ) for different ( 6 48 hours ) , reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) was used to assay MMP 2 , MMP 9 , TIMP 1 , and TIMP 2 mRNA in HUVECs , and the conditioned medium was analyzed for MMP and uPA activity by gelatin zymography and fibrin zymography , respectively . uPA , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 , tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase ( TIMP ) 1 , and TIMP 2 were quantified by western blotting analysis . ^^^ BDNF increased uPA and PAI 1 production in a dose dependent manner . ^^^ Maximal activation of uPA and PAI 1 expression in HUVECs was induced by 100 ng / ml BDNF , while effects of 200 ng / ml and 400 ng / ml BDNF were slightly reduced in comparison with with those of 100 ng / ml . ^^^ BDNF also stimulated uPA and PAI 1 production beyond that in control cultures in a time dependent manner from 12 hours to 48 hours after BDNF treatment . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : BDNF stimulates MMP and uPA / PAI 1 proteolytic network in HUVECs , which may be important to the acquisition of proangiogenic potential . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Within the Leydig repertoire , a PCR product was found for plasminogen activators urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue plasminogen activator ( 8 wk old cells ) , matriptase 2 ( mLTC 1 ) , kallikrein 21 , SERPINA 5 , SERPINB 2 ( primary cultures ) , and serine peptidase inhibitor Kunitz type 2 ( SPINT 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Levels of sputum interleukin ( IL ) 8 , IL 10 , interferon ( IFN ) gamma , tumor necrosis factor ( TNF ) alpha , human cationic antimicrobial protein 18 ( CAP 18 ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , uPA receptor ( uPAR ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 were determined . ^^^ CAP 18 levels were elevated in CF and COPD patients compared to control subjects , while asthma patients had reduced CAP 18 levels . uPA levels were similar but uPAR was elevated in CF and COPD patients more so than in asthma patients , while PAI 1 levels were elevated in all three disease groups . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fibrinolytic system components ( u PA , u PAR and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 ) were assayed by ELISA with cells treated with 0 . 5 microM and 1 microM RAL for 48 h . u PA activity was evaluated by zymography and a direct fibrinolytic assay . ^^^ RA synoviocytes treated with RAL showed , compared to basal , higher levels of PAI 1 ( 10 . 75 + / 0 . 26 versus 5 . 5 + / 0 . 1 microg / 10 ( 6 ) cells , respectively ; p < 0 . 01 ) , lower levels of u PA ( 1 . 04 + / 0 . 05 versus 3 . 1 + / 0 . 4 ng / 10 ( 6 ) cells , respectively ; p < 0 . 001 ) , and lower levels of u PAR ( 11 . 28 + / 0 . 22 versus 23 . 6 + / 0 . 1 ng / 10 ( 6 ) cells , respectively ; p < 0 . 001 ) . ^^^ RAL exerts anti proliferative and anti invasive effects on synoviocytes , mainly modulating u PAR and , to a lesser extent , u PA and PAI 1 levels , and inhibiting cell migration and proliferation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P05120 and P00749	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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