Pubmed abstracts for Protein-Protein Interaction search result :

Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.69352443
The interaction of tPA with uPA determined by solid phase assays appeared to be tighter , with a Kd range of 50 300 nM . 0.69352443^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.70302826
We conclude that u PA is released by DDAVP concurrently with t PA and that it is presumably from the same origin as t PA i . e . endothelial cells . u PA and t PA may therefore cooperate in the enhanced fibrinolytic activity upon DDAVP infusion . . 0.70302826^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.69368356
When mRNA obtained from RAECs cultured for 16 hours in serum free medium was analysed for the presence of specific messages of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) using human probes , weak specific binding could be seen for both t PA and mu PA while the PAI 1 probe gave a strong specific signal at 3 . 4 Kb and a weak signal at 2 . 3 Kb . 0.69368356^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fragment D also induced the release of tissue type plasminogen activator , but to a lesser extent than uPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both tissue ( tPA ) and urokinase ( uPA ) types were observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To accommodate new cells old structures have to be removed by controlled proteolysis ( tPA , uPA , elastase ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Like hCG , GnRH is also capable of inducing tissue type ( tPA ) , but not urokinase type ( uPA ) PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It has previously been reported that EGF enhances uPA but not tPA in the A 431 squamous carcinoma cell line . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PA exists in two structurally related forms known as tissue type PA ( tPA ) and urokinase type PA ( uPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It has been reported that EGF treatment enhances uPA but not tPA in the A 431 epidermoid carcinoma cell line . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tumour associated fibrinolysis : the prognostic relevance of plasminogen activators uPA and tPA in human breast cancer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both cell lines were found to secrete uPA and PAI 1 , whereas tPA could be detected only in HS 24 conditioned media . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The U 138 line contained essentially undetectable levels of mRNA for either uPA or tPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two types of PAs are known , urokinase type PA ( uPA ) and tissue type PA ( tPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This was associated with increased tPA and uPA , and decreased PAI 1 in the absence of significant macrophage infiltration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of hepatocyte growth factor by the plasminogen activators uPA and tPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , uPA , tPA , and PAI 1 were identified in the extracts by immunoenzymatic assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blot analysis revealed that the high level of activity was due to tPA and not uPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , PAI 1 may play an important role in regulating the functions tPA , and probably uPA , in CSF . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All lines secrete and synthesize both urokinase type ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) plasminogen activators . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of the proteolytic factors , tPA and uPA , PAI 1 and VEGF during malignant glioma progression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activity in the head of fresh model thrombi was primarily due to uPA , with some contribution from tPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Levels of MMP 1 , uPA and tPA decreased in PC 3M and / or PC 3MM2 compared with PC 3 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A series of 1 isoquinolinylguanidines are shown to be potent inhibitors of uPA with selectivity over tPA and plasmin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Semi quantitative RT PCR analyses suggest that the cytokine may not alter mRNA levels of uPA and tPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Genetic inactivation of Mac 1 , tPA , PAI 1 or LRP but not the protease uPA abrogates macrophage migration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Physiological Plg activators are : tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
AIIt did not affect the activity of other serine proteases such as t PA or urokinase type plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) but not urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) was found in tears . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Aged rats had lower plasma levels of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and of urokinase type PA ( u PA ) activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A close relation between either u PA and t PA or von Willebrand factor was observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Elisa tests for t PA , PAI 1 , u PA , FgDP , TDP , and D Di levels were used for measurements of fibrinolytic activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Staining of t PA , u PA , and PAI was observed in all the metastases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lp ( a ) modulated the thromboresistant cell surface by reduction of t PA and u PA , but PAI 1 remained unchanged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fibrinolysis is mainly regulated by t PA , u PA and PAI 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No increase in t PA or u PA level was demonstrated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Subsequent fibrin autography patterns indicated the presence of u PA , PAI 1 , and t PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Study has been extended to plasminogen activators ( t PA and u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Factors found include tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urinary plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and plasmin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The assay is matrix independent and linear up to 1250 IU / mL t PA , 790 U / mL reteplase , or 199 IU / mL u PA ( 37 nM ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Administration of quercetin caused a significant decrease of both t PA and u PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study by immunohistochemical technique , both uPA and tPA antigens were demonstrated in the stromal and glandular cells of the endometrium . ^^^ In cell culture , tPA was released only from stromal cells and uPA only from glandular cells as determined by SDS PAGE followed by fibrin overlay technique , but PA inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) was secreted by both stromal and glandular cells . ^^^ The effect of the peptide hormones , hCG , GnRH , PRL , as well as cAMP in cell culture on the secretion of PAs and PAI was similar to that of estradiol , while forskolin demonstrated definitely more stimulative effect on tPA than uPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chimeric molecules containing functional domains of both tPA and scuPA have intact enzymatic properties of uPA and some fibrin affinity of tPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bispecific monoclonal antibodies increase the fibrin specific fibrinolytic activity of tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , which has been shown to be homologous to uPA in its growth factor domain and is also fucosylated , did not inhibit 125I ATF binding nor elicit any mitogenic response . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to determine the mechanism by which parathyroid hormone ( PTH ) stimulates plasminogen activator ( PA ) activity in rat osteoblasts , we investigated the effect of human PTH ( 1 34 ) [ hPTH ( 1 34 ) ] on the synthesis of mRNAs for tissue type PA ( tPA ) , urokinase type PA ( uPA ) , and PA inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , and on release of PA activity and PAI 1 protein in both normal rat calvarial osteoblasts and UMR 106 01 osteogenic sarcoma cells . hPTH ( 1 34 ) ( 0 . 25 25 nM ) decreased PAI 1 mRNA and protein , and increased PA activity in both cell types in a dose dependent manner with ED 50 of about 1 nM for both responses . ^^^ Forskolin and isobutylmethylxanthine also stimulated PA activity and decreased PAI 1 protein and mRNA in both cell types . hPTH ( 1 34 ) did not show any consistent effect on tPA and uPA mRNA in calvarial osteoblasts , but a modest ( two fold ) increase of both mRNAs was observed in UMR 106 01 cells treated with 25 nM hPTH ( 1 34 ) . ^^^ However , when protein synthesis was inhibited with 100 microM cycloheximide , the increase of tPA and uPA mRNA by hPTH ( 1 34 ) was enhanced in UMR 106 01 cells and became evident in calvarial osteoblasts . ^^^ Fibrin autography also revealed that hPTH ( 1 34 ) increases tPA and uPA activity , especially after cycloheximide treatment in UMR 106 01 cells . ^^^ The reduction of PAI 1 protein by PTH results in enhanced action of both tPA and uPA , and would contribute to the specific roles of these PAs in bone . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The human sarcoma cell line HT 1080 was found , by in situ hybridization , to consist of cells expressing various levels of urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) plasminogen activator ( PA ) suggesting clonal variation of expression of these genes . ^^^ Colonies inducing lysis ( clone C+ and H+ ) or no lysis ( clones B and M ) were isolated and tested for mRNA levels of uPA , tPA , uPA receptor ( uPAR ) and the 3 PA inhibitors ( PAI ) , PAI 1 , PAI 2 and protease nexin 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This morphological change is accompanied by the accumulation of the usually visceral endoderm specific marker urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and an increase in tPA levels in comparison to untreated RACF 9 controls . ^^^ Exposure to the microtubule disrupting agent colchicine has no effect on uPA or tPA accumulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor mRNA in human fibroblasts grown on different substrates . mRNA levels for urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) were examined in human diploid ( neonatal foreskin ) fibroblasts grown in 200 ml microcarrier suspension culture . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Urokinase type ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) plasminogen activators were identified by fibrinolytic autography in the sulcus epithelium of human gingival mucosa but not in the orthokeratinized gingival epithelium . ^^^ Plasminogen activators could not be demonstrated in either the sulcus or gingival epithelium by immunofluorescence , but both uPA and tPA were found in occasional squamous carcinoma cells . ^^^ The fibrinolytic activity in the zymogram was due predominantly to uPA but some lysis was due also to tPA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Normal osteoblast like cells had low to undetectable basal urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) activity , which was significantly stimulated by TGF beta 1 . ^^^ In contrast , the MG 63 cell line had high basal tPA and uPA activities . ^^^ IL 1 beta stimulated uPA and tPA activity . ^^^ TGF beta 1 inhibited IL 1 beta stimulated uPA activity , but the effect on tPA was more variable . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , we have shown that plasminogen activators ( PAs ) of both types , urokinase type ( uPA ) as well as tissue type ( tPA ) , are involved in the in vitro invasiveness of human melanoma cells . ^^^ In conclusion , these data provide evidence that plasminogen activation associated with the surface of human melanoma cells is catalyzed much more efficiently by cell associated uPA ( MelJuso ) than by secreted tPA ( MeWo ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we have immunocytochemically examined basal cell ( BCC ) and squamous cell carcinomas ( SCC ) comprising a spectrum of histologic subtypes for the presence of urokinase type ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) PA . ^^^ Neither uPA nor tPA was noted in any BCC , whether of the nodular , infiltrative , morpheaform , or basosquamous variety . uPA but not tPA was seen in 12 of 16 SCC examined ; the tumors lacking uPA were all histologically well differentiated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of therapeutic and pharmacological concentrations of tiaprofenic acid , a non steroidal anti inflammatory drug ( NSAID ) , on the synthesis of the plasminogen activators , urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , and the plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) , by human synovial membranes isolated from osteoarthritis ( OA ) and rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) sufferers was evaluated . ^^^ Tiaprofenic acid induced a dose dependent decrease in uPA synthesis in both OA and RA , particularly in OA synovium , but had no true effect on tPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) is a specific inhibitor of the serine proteases tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) . ^^^ A number of variants that were relatively specific for either uPA or tPA were identified . ^^^ P1Lys P1 ' Ala reacted 40 fold more rapidly with uPA than tPA , whereas P1Lys P1 ' Trp showed a 6 . 5 fold preference for tPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Production of Sertoli cell tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPa ) was stimulated by FSH at each of the developmental stages examined , whereas production of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPa ) was influenced by FSH only in prepubertal Sertoli cells . ^^^ Insulin also stimulated uPa and tPa production by prepubertal Sertoli cells , and retinol significantly suppressed uPa production and the ability of FSH to stimulate tPa production by midpubertal Sertoli cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In 30 patients , aqueous humor and plasma were compared for their content of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , plasminogen activators inhibitors ( PAIs ) , plasminogen , and total proteins . ^^^ In addition to uPA , aqueous humor contained lower levels of tPA , but no detectable levels of reactive plasminogen activators inhibitors ( PAIs ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
F 9 cells treated with NaB synthesize both tissue type ( tPA ) and urokinase type ( uPA ) plasminogen activator , though RA induces only tPA production . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The inhibitors were expressed in Escherichia coli , and the purified proteins had specific activities toward urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) or the single and two chain forms of tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) that were similar to wtPAI 1 . ^^^ Second order rate constants for the interactions with uPA and single or two chain tPA were similar to those of wtPAI 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human colon adenocarcinomas and adjacent normal colon tissues were stained immunohistochemically with three different monoclonal antibodies and one preparation of polyclonal antibodies against each of the two plasminogen activators , uPA ( urokinase type ) and tPA ( tissue type ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have utilized the tumor promoter 12 O tetradecanoylphorbol 13 acetate ( TPA ) to down regulate PKC , in order to test for an effect on the PKA mediated induction of the uPA gene expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro , PCI inhibits activated protein C ( APC ) , thrombin , plasma kallikrein ( KK ) and urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , and we have shown in vivo inhibition of APC , uPA and KK by PCI . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To clarify the mechanism of this suppression , we investigated the effects of dexamethasone on PA inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , tissue type PA ( tPA ) , and urokinase type PA ( uPA ) expression and also on PAI 1 protein and PA activity in both normal rat calvarial osteoblasts and a clonal osteogenic sarcoma cell line , UMR 106 01 . ^^^ Dexamethasone had no effect on tPA or uPA mRNA in either cell type . ^^^ Although tPA and uPA protein could not be measured , these results suggest that glucocorticoids suppress PA activity predominantly by increasing PAI 1 synthesis in rat osteoblasts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we report the identification a novel heterodimeric complex that binds to a kappa B like , phorbol ester ( TPA ) responsive DNA sequence , 5 ' GGGAAAGTAC 3 ' , in the 5 ' flanking region of the human urokinase ( uPA ) gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This response was specific for uPA since , no change in extracellular tissue type PA activity and tPA antigen levels were noted under analogous conditions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By immuno capture and immuno inhibition studies we obtained evidence that HaCaT cells synthesize and secrete urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue type PA ( tPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human glomerular epithelial cells ( GECs ) in culture synthesize single chain , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( SC uPA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and possess specific membrane binding sites for u PA . ^^^ Purified human alpha thrombin promoted the proliferation of GECs and induced a time and dose dependent increase of SC uPA , t PA , and PAI 1 antigens released by GECs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study evaluates the contribution of two types of plasminogen activators ( PAs ; tissue type PA ( tPA ) versus urokinase type PA ( uPA ) toward the invasiveness of human melanoma cells in a novel in vitro assay . ^^^ We identified two human melanoma cell lines , MelJuso and MeWo , expressing uPA or tPA as shown at mRNA , protein , and enzyme activity level . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PA inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) is an efficient inhibitor of tissue type PA ( tPA ) and urokinase type PA ( uPA ) that may therefore be instrumental for the control of plasminogen activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The recombinant PAI 2 formed SDS stable complexes with urokinase and tissue type plasminogen activator and inhibited the proteases with similar reaction kinetics to placental PAI 2 ( second order rate constant for uPA , 2 . 4 10 10 ( 6 ) M 1 s 1 , and for two chain tPA , 0 . 7 10 10 ( 5 ) M 1 s 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , the differentiation is accompanied by a decrease in the amount of both the secreted tissue type PA ( tPA ) and the mainly cell associated urokinase type PA ( uPA ) activity . ^^^ A short term treatment of the undifferentiated Tera 2 cells with basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) increases uPA mRNA levels and the cell associated uPA activity , whereas the secretory tPA activity decreases . bFGF induces PAI 1 mRNA expression in the undifferentiated cells , but unlike PAI 1 protein after RA treatment , the inhibitor does not accumulate around the cells but is released in the medium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Compared with the parental and control cells , only a modest but substantially sustained ( 2 to 3 fold ) increase in the accumulation of uPA as well as c fos mRNAs were observed by TPA in these cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The current studies were performed to localize PA species and identify them as tissue type PA ( tPA ) or urokinase like PA ( uPA ) as the two have distinct regulatory properties potentially related to the mechanisms of defect formation and ulceration . ^^^ To determine the locations and types of PA species , antibodies to tPA or to uPA or the drug amiloride ( a drug that inhibits uPA but not tPA ) were incorporated into fibrin / fibronectin ( Fn ) clots overlying frozen sections to block regional fibrinolysis . ^^^ PA activity was also associated with the leading edges of migrating epithelium post scrape and post burn and was not inhibited by antibodies to either tPA or uPA but was inhibited by amiloride . ^^^ The observation that leading edge activity post burn , in correlation with the formation of secondary defects , continues to be inhibitable by amiloride but not by antibodies to tPA suggests that uPA remains abnormally on the leading edge , and that sustained uPA activity in that location results in inappropriate degradation of subepithelial fibrin / Fn to result in a defect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For the same seminal samples , tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urinary plasminogen activator ( uPA ) antigens and uPA activity were specifically quantified . ^^^ The seminal values were fifty times higher than in the blood for t PA and fifteen times for uPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To assess the postulated role of plasminogen activation in tumor invasion , we have investigated the cellular sites of synthesis for urokinase type ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) plasminogen activators and their inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) in two human cutaneous neoplasia that differ in their metastatic potential . ^^^ The combined use of zymography on tissue sections and in situ hybridization demonstrates that uPA is produced by malignant cells of squamous cell carcinomas ( SCC ) but not by basal cell carcinomas ( BCC ) , whereas tPA is detected exclusively in nonmalignant dermal tissue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We examined the production of tissue type ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) activity by three types of osteoblast like cells ( normal rat osteoblasts , rat and human osteosarcoma cells ) using a quantitative spectrophotometric assay and a qualitative gel overlay technique . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The extracellular localizations of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) were examined in cultured bovine capillary endothelial cells ( BCEs ) by an immunofluorescence method using BCEs treated with or without saponin and focal contact preparations . ^^^ BCEs at a subconfluent density showed a higher intensity of specific immunofluorescence for uPA than when they were at a confluent density . tPA was observed over the dorsal surface of cultured BCEs and accentuated at their margins , suggesting that tPA was diffusely distributed on the luminal surface of BCEs in vivo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Low passage cultures of normal human keratinocytes produce several components of the plasminogen activator / plasmin proteolytic cascade , including urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , and two specific inhibitors . ^^^ High molecular weight uPA , either as the single chain precursor or two chain activated form , bound to the receptor ; however , low molecular weight ( 33 kD ) uPA , tPA , or epidermal growth factor did not compete for binding , demonstrating specificity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To explore this relationship , we have measured steady state levels of mRNA coding for urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , transin and tissue specific inhibitor of metalloproteinases ( TIMP ) ; as well as gelatinolytic , caseinolytic and plasminogen activator activities secreted by SPI , a non metastatic mouse mammary carcinoma cell line and 4 metastatic sublines derived from it . mRNA encoding metalloproteinase transin was increased 15 to 20 fold , while TIMP transcripts were decreased 3 fold in the metastatic sublines compared to parental SPI tumor cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) was distributed evenly throughout the colony , while , as we have demonstrated previously , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) was preferentially localized at the migrating edges of the colony . ^^^ Tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) was distributed evenly throughout the colony , while , as we have demonstrated previously , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) was preferentially localized at the migrating edges of the colony . ^^^ Using zymographic analyses , both tPA and uPA activities were detected in cell extracts . ^^^ The most differentiated keratinocytes in the culture , which were spontaneously shed from the culture surface , also contained both tPA and uPA . ^^^ However , these spontaneously shed cells had a higher ratio of tPA : uPA than did the less differentiated cells from the same culture . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In normal rat carotid , low levels of urokinase type PA ( uPA ) and tissue type PA ( tPA ) are present ; after removal of the endothelium , only uPA is detected in the media . uPA activity in extracts of carotid arteries increases and reaches a maximum between 16 and 24 hours after injury ; uPA mRNA increases steadily and is maximal at 7 days . tPA activity appears at 3 days and is maximal at 7 days ; tPA mRNA is present in normal vessels and reaches a maximum by 7 days . ^^^ These results demonstrate that PA expression by vascular SMCs is differentially regulated , with uPA present during mitogenesis and tPA during migration . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemistry using biotin streptavidin peroxidase indicated the presence of both tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase ( uPA ) within the cytoplasm of osteoclasts isolated from newborn rat long bones . ^^^ Gold thin resin sections of undecalcified , newborn rat tibial metaphyseal trabecular bone identified these proteases in the lysosomal network of osteoclasts . uPA was also localized in marrow macrophage lysosomes , but tPA was not detected in these cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) activities corresponding to proteins of 38 kDa and 65 kDa molecular masses , were detected in the extracts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast to normal epidermis , lesional psoriatic epidermis contains primarily tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) activity and much lower levels of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We propose that high levels of plasmin , generated by the tPA or uPA secreted by the cells , may cause uncontrolled matrix degradation and interrupt the interaction of cells and matrix in the early stages of invasion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This complex system includes : the proenzymes of tissue type PA ( tPA ) and urokinase type PA ( uPA ) ; the active enzymes tPA , uPA and plasmin ; the substrate plasminogen ; several natural inhibitors of PA and plasmin activity ; and the cellular receptors that bind the proenzymes , enzymes , and inhibitor enzyme complexes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both cell lines produced the two major types of PAs found in mammalian cells , urokinase type ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) . ^^^ Quantitative amidolytic studies using chromogenic substrates showed that maximal PA activity , both uPA and tPA , occurred at the time of myoblast fusion . ^^^ Furthermore , uPA activity in membranes increased during myogenesis , while both uPA and tPA in medium decreased after fusion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human neuronal brain cultures established from 12 and 14 week old fetuses synthesize and secrete urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and limited amounts of tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) . ^^^ Immunocytochemistry shows a predominant localization of uPA , tPA , and PAI 1 in neuronal cells , with only a very weak positivity detectable in the few glial cells present in these cultures . ^^^ The protein kinase C ( PKC ) activator 12 O tetradecanoylphorbol 13 acetate ( TPA ) stimulates the synthesis of both uPA and PAI 1 , resulting in a final increase in the plasmin generating capacity of neuronal cell cultures . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The presence and localization of the plasmin system components urokinase ( UPA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( TPA ) , plasminogen ( PG ) , a neoantigen expressed by the plasmin alpha 2 antiplasmin complex , and plasmin inhibitors alpha 2 antiplasmin ( AP ) and alpha 2 macroglobulin ( MG ) have been tested by immunofluorescence on sections of 11 benign and 40 malignant lesions of the breast in an attempt to apply a morphological approach to the problem of tumor invasion in vivo . ^^^ In one involuting lactating adenoma , UPA , TPA , PG , PAP , and AP were associated with glandular cells . ^^^ UPA was detected in 11 carcinomas , TPA in 22 , PG in 31 , PAP in 12 , AP in 23 , and MG in all 40 . ^^^ All these components were essentially present in invasive territories , with a cellular labeling for UPA and TPA and a fluorescent staining frequently at the periphery of tumoral foci for PG and PAP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
With respect to TpA , dinucleotide scarcity may reflect a requirement for mRNA stability and may indicate the action of UpA selective ribonucleases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cultured BCEs secreted both tissue type and urokinase type PAs ( tPA and uPA ) and PAI 1 into the culture medium , and the secretion of both PAs was enhanced by the addition of bFGF . ^^^ In addition , anti uPA IgG markedly inhibited the enhancing effect of plasminogen on the 4th and 7th days of culture ( p less than 0 . 01 ) , whereas anti tPA IgG showed an inhibitory tendency only on the 4th day of culture ( p less than 0 . 05 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These cells secrete both mammalian plasminogen activators ( PAs ) , urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue type PA ( tPA ) . ^^^ Treatment of OVCA 433 cells with 1 10 10 ( 7 ) M dexamethasone ( Dex ) for 4 days led to 77 % and 83 % reductions in the extracellular activities of uPA and tPA , respectively , released into serum free conditioned medium during a 1 h period . ^^^ Thus , while Dex induced decreases in uPA antigen and mRNA levels accounted for all but 6 % of the decrease in uPA activity , a large discrepancy existed between the magnitudes of decreased tPA activity and decreased tPA antigen and mRNA levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the increase of plasminogen activators ( tPA and uPA ) in the plasma during pregnancy . ^^^ Both tPA and uPA antigens were found to increase after the third trimester of pregnancy and high levels of PAs persisted through the first stage of labor . ^^^ The tPA antigen levels rose further for the first few hours post partum , while the level of uPA antigen returned to normal immediately following childbirth . ^^^ During the ante partum period , the level of uPA antigen in the uterine venous blood was higher than that in the peripheral venous blood , while there was no significant difference between the levels of tPA antigen in peripheral blood and uterine venous blood . ^^^ These results suggest that ( 1 ) the placenta is the major source of the increased uPA antigen during pregnancy , ( 2 ) entire vascular system is involved in the increased tPA antigen during pregnancy , ( 3 ) a further increase in tPA after delivery is due to the release of this enzyme from the involuting uterus . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , both tPA , and uPA activity were stimulated following PMSG treatment in ovarian homogenates and granulosa cells . ^^^ It is , therefore , suggested that both tPA and uPA may be involved in the regulation of ovulation in mouse . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently two types of plasminogen activator tissue type PA ( tPA ) and urokinase type PA ( uPA ) have been detected in human plasma . ^^^ In this study , to investigate the relationship between circulating PA and the malignant state , we measured the plasma PA concentrations ( PA activity , tPA and uPA antigen ) in 69 women with gynecologic malignancies ( cervical cancer 50 , ovarian cancer 19 ) . ^^^ An enzyme linked immunoassay for tPA and uPA antigens was performed by the modified method described by Takada et al . ( 1986 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sympathetic neurons release both urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) . ^^^ Inhibition of plasminogen activator ( PA ) activity but not other serine protease activity correlates with the increase in neurite outgrowth ( uPA , r = 0 . 89 ; tPA , r = 0 . 86 ; plasmin , r = 0 . 015 ; thrombin , r = 0 . 025 ) . ^^^ PAs released from sympathetic neurons and PC 12 cells interact with 3 different binding sites on the cell surface : ( 1 ) an inhibitor of serine proteases ( including uPA and tPA ) is bound to the surface via a heparinase sensitive site ; ( 2 ) a uPA selective binding site is present in patches on the bottom surface of PC 12 cells ; and ( 3 ) a tPA selective binding site with high affinity ( KD = 23 + / 10 nM ) and high capacity ( 340 , 000 + / 130 , 000 sites / neuron ) for 125I tPA is homogeneously distributed over the entire surface . ^^^ Data in the present study are consistent with PA being involved in neurite outgrowth and open the possibility of other PA dependent functions occurring when tPA and / or uPA interacts with cell surface binding sites . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) inhibits both tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and , therefore , is an important regulator of plasminogen activation . ^^^ This PAI 1 formed 1 : 1 complexes with uPA and also with the single and two chain forms of tPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During mouse embryogenesis , visceral endoderm secretes urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) whereas parietal endoderm secretes tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) . ^^^ Our experiments show that the visceral endoderm on F 9 embryoid bodies synthesizes and secretes substantial amounts of both tPA and uPA . ^^^ In contrast , the parietal endoderm derived directly from the visceral endoderm secretes dramatically increased levels of tPA and decreases production of uPA to low or below detectable levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have used cRNA probes for urokinase type ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) plasminogen activators to analyze their mRNA levels in different stages of the epithelial cycle . ^^^ Both FSH and ( Bu ) 2cAMP increased the steady state level of tPA mRNA and tPA production without affecting those of uPA in stages 7 9 in vitro , whereas retinoic acid treatment selectively increased the concentration uPA mRNA and uPA production in stages 2 6 . ^^^ The results show that the expression of the uPA and tPA genes is differentially regulated in specific stages of the rat seminiferous epithelium . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both murine and human tPA compete with 125I tPA for binding , with both murine and human urokinase ( uPA ) as well as human thrombin and plasminogen fail to compete . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Direct analyses of plasminogen activation by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrate that heparin increases the activation of plasminogen by both tPA and uPA . ^^^ Binding studies show that heparin binds to various components of the fibrinolytic system , with tight binding demonstrable with tPA , uPA , and Lys plasminogen . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mammalian serine protease zymogen , plasminogen , can be converted into the active enzyme plasmin by vertebrate plasminogen activators urokinase ( uPA ) , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , factor 12 dependent components , or by bacterial streptokinase . ^^^ Three new thrombolytic agents tPA , pro uPA , and acylated streptokinase plasminogen complex have been found to possess better properties over their predecessors , urokinase and streptokinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As with tPA synthesis in the rat , uPA production by mouse granulosa cells is induced by gonadotropins , dibutyryl cAMP , and prostaglandin E 2 . ^^^ However , dexamethasone , a drug which has no effect on tPA synthesis in rat cells inhibits uPA synthesis in the mouse . ^^^ Rat follicular fluid contained only tPA , and mouse follicular fluid only uPA , indicating that in vivo , granulosa cells from the two species are secreting different enzymes . ^^^ After hormone stimulation , only tPA mRNA was present in rat cells , whereas only uPA mRNA was found in mouse cells . ^^^ Furthermore , the regulation of uPA levels in mouse cells occurs via transient modulation of steady state levels of mRNA , a pattern similar to that seen with tPA in rat cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Denuded oocytes collected from ovaries of hypophysectomized , estrogen treated immature rats contained a tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , but not urokinase ( uPA ) . ^^^ In contrast , oocyte free granulosa cells in these preantral follicles contained uPA , but not tPA . ^^^ Although only tPA activity was detected in freshly obtained cumulus oocyte complexes , incubation for 24 h increased both tPA and uPA activity . ^^^ Furthermore , tPA , but not uPA , activity was stimulated by treatment with FSH or forskolin . ^^^ The identity of tPA and uPA in the cumulus oocyte complexes was further confirmed by immunoprecipitation with specific antibodies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SDS PAGE in reducing and non reducing conditions , Western blot analysis and zymography showed that A431sc uPA is a single chain protein of about 50 , 000 Mr immunologically related to urokinase ( uPA ) and distinct from tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We now show that in human fetal fibroblasts UV light enhanced the two mRNA species coding for the urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and the tissue type plasminogen activator , but immunological analysis revealed exclusively uPA activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( SDS PAGE ) followed by a fibrin overlay technique to assess plasminogen activator activity , we observed that treatment with VIP stimulated the secretion of tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , but not urinary type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , in a dose dependent manner by cultured granulosa cells as well as by cumulus oocyte complexes , but not by denuded oocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two types of plasminogen activator ( tissue type , tPA ; urokinase type , uPA ) have been demonstrated in ovarian granulosa cells , but only tPA activity was found in denuded oocytes . ^^^ Cumulus oocyte complexes from rats before and after PMSG treatment contained low amounts of tPA , but not uPA , activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is shown that this enzyme activity in the medium is due to immunologically identifiable urokinase type PA ( uPA ) and the cellular enzyme activity is due to both , uPA and tissue type PA ( tPA ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because both tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) are secreted by cultured rat granulosa cells , we have examined the activities of these proteins in ovarian homogenates as well as granulosa and theca interstitial ( TI ) cells during gonadotropin induced ovulation . ^^^ The activity of tPA , but not uPA , was stimulated following PMSG treatment in ovarian homogenates . ^^^ Although both tPA and uPA activities were increased in TI cells after PMSG administration , no further increases were detected after hCG treatment . ^^^ The ability of granulosa cells to secrete tPA , but not uPA , increased following in vivo PMSG and hCG treatment in a time dependent manner , reaching a maximum immediately prior to ovulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two molecular variants of plasminogen activator ( PA ) : urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , have been reported to be synthesized in the rat testis . ^^^ Data obtained in this study using monospecific antibodies raised against uPA and tPA in immunoblotting and bioimmunoassay protocols consistently demonstrate that only tPA ( and not uPA ) is synthesized by bovine Sertoli cell enriched cultures , and is induced by bovine FSH . ^^^ A proteolytic band ( 43 kDa ) , which was also secreted by FSH stimulated cells , was not present when protection was afforded from auto proteolysis by aprotinin , and was therefore concluded to be a proteolytic fragment of tPA , and not uPA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ovarian follicles produce two types of plasminogen activator ( tPA and uPA ) , and their inhibitor ( PAI ) . ^^^ The results show that only tPA , but not uPA , is regulated by the gonadotropins and reaches maximum prior to ovulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The total plasminogen activator ( PA ) activity and the activities of urokinase type ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) plasminogen activators were measured in 43 primary human breast cancer homogenates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In tumour cells , a mixture of tissue type PA ( tPA ) and urokinase type PA ( uPA ) were present . ^^^ In the fluid , uPA together with two other PAs with greater molecular weights than tPA were detected . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cultures of dissociated neonatal mouse cerebellar cells secrete primarily tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and to a lesser extent urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) into the culture medium . ^^^ In similar studies mouse uPA , human uPa , and human tPA fail to show fibrinolytic activity associated with the cerebellar culture , whereas mouse tPA fails to bind to cerebellar glial cell cultures . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cryostat sections of such corneas , taken at various times post scrape , were overlaid with fibrin films containing plasminogen to examine the distribution of PA activity ; and antibodies to tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) or to urokinase like activator ( uPA ) were incorporated into the films so that the immunochemical natures of detected PA activities could be determined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In both FTC 133 and FTC 238 , TPA incubations of 0 . 1 to 100 ng / ml caused a dose dependent increase in uPA and a 94 kd type 4 collagenase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) is the rapid physiologic inhibitor of tissue type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The degradation of the fibrin clot involves the tissue type plasminogen activator tPA , which like the uPA activates plasminogen to plasmin . ^^^ On the other hand , as for uPA , tPA is inhibited by PAI 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because of the potential importance of plasmin generation in these processes , we evaluated the effect of elevated glucose concentrations on expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , and urokinase ( uPA ) in cultured bovine brain endothelial cells ( BBEC ) versus cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells ( BAEC ) . ^^^ Expression of tPA mRNA was not affected by the glucose concentration of the medium , and uPA mRNA was not detected in our BBEC cultures . ^^^ A decrease in the local tissue activity of PAI 1 by elevated glucose concentrations , with no effect on tPA or uPA expression , would lead to an increase in the plasmin activity and thereby predispose neural tissues , such as the cerebrum and retina , of diabetic patients to neovascularization . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In summary , studies of the expression of fibrinolytic genes in the vessel wall suggest an active , ongoing proteolytic process , the activity of which is dependent on the relative amounts of tPA , uPA , and PAI 1 secreted and locally deposited . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We conclude that high levels of uPA and absent tPA activity correlate with histologically malignant brain tumors , aggressive characteristics , and shorter survival . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Sertoli cells in vitro secreted only tissue type PA ( tPA ) , no detectable amount of urokinase type PA ( uPA ) could be observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Northern analysis of poly A+RNA prepared from cultured human mesangial cells revealed mRNA for tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , and uPA receptor ( uPAR ) . ^^^ The presence of uPA protein in medium obtained from cultured human mesangial cells was demonstrated by Western blotting and ELISA which revealed a large molar excess of PAI 1 ( 1 . 2 + / 0 . 1 10 10 ( 9 ) M ) over uPA ( 1 . 2 + / 0 . 1 10 10 ( 12 ) M ) and tPA ( 0 . 19 + / 0 . 04 10 10 ( 9 ) M ) . ^^^ ECM degradation was reduced by a monoclonal antibody ( MAb ) against human tPA ( 54 + / 8 . 6 % ) or human uPA ( 39 + / 5 . 2 % ) compared to cells treated with identical amounts of non specific monoclonal IgG ( P < 0 . 01 ) . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , in cultured Sertoli cells , tPA has been shown to respond to FSH induction whereas uPA appears to be nonresponsive to gonadotropins . ^^^ The treatment of cultures with FSH or dibutyl cAMP induced production of tPA by Sertoli cells but at the same time produced a decrease in uPA activity . ^^^ Moreover , the use of cycloheximide , a protein synthesis inhibitor , showed that while tPA stimulation did not require intermediary protein synthesis , the decrease in uPA production was dependent upon protein synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The distributions of urokinase and tissue plasminogen activators ( uPA , tPA ) , uPA receptor ( uPAR ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) were studied immunohistochemically in two subsets of colorectal adenocarcinomas with low and high aggressiveness , respectively : nine Dukes ' stage A tumors with additional other good prognostic markers and 13 Duke ' s stage C tumors with also other poor prognostic markers ( referred to as Dukes ' stage A and Dukes ' stage C tumors ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Complex formation with target proteases , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , caused decreased orientational freedom of BDYIA in the P 3 position , while the orientational freedom of BDYIA in position P 1 ' increased to a level similar to that of BDYIA in reactive center cleaved PAI 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to determine whether the T cell lymphokines interleukin 4 ( IL 4 ) and gamma interferon ( gamma IFN ) affect SMC fibrinolysis and migration , we examined the effects of human recombinant IL 4 and gamma IFN on human aortic SMC tissue type plasminogen activator ( TPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( UPA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) antigen production , as determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays . ^^^ Although IL 4 had no direct effect on SMC TPA antigen , IL 4 potentiated SMC TPA antigen levels and activity in conditioned media and cellular lysates in media containing 2 % fetal bovine serum but did not change UPA or PAI 1 production . gamma IFN attenuated IL 4 augmentation of SMC TPA antigen production in conditioned media , although gamma IFN itself had no direct effects on SMC TPA and PAI 1 antigen production . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The circulatory regulation of TPA and UPA secretion , clearance , and inhibition during exercise and during the infusion of isoproterenol and phenylephrine . ^^^ METHODS AND RESULTS : Experimental measurements of cardiac output , heart rate , tissue plasminogen activator ( TPA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( UPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) , C 1 inhibitor , and TPA / C1 inhibitor complex during the infusions and exercise were used to develop a comprehensive fluid phase model of the circulatory regulation of fibrinolysis . alpha and beta adrenergic agonists increased TPA and UPA in plasma by different mechanisms : Phenylephrine decreased hepatic blood flow and thus clearance while isoproterenol stimulated increased secretion of TPA and UPA . ^^^ Exercise to exhaustion increased TPA and UPA through a combination of increased secretion and decreased clearance . ^^^ The time course of UPA and TPA release were similar , but the magnitude of their secretion responses differed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mRNA and activities of both urokinase type PA ( uPA ) and tissue type PA ( tPA ) were enhanced by PGE 2 treatment . ^^^ Although it was not possible to measure uPAR number and affinity it seems likely that elevated uPAR mRNA would translate into increased uPARs which would localize the increased uPA activity to the pericellular region . tPA mRNA and activity were also increased transiently with the activity inhibited with prolonged incubations , apparently by PAI 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We quantitatively analyzed PAs of the tissue type ( TPA ) and urokinase type ( UPA ) , PAIs , and plasminogen in protein extracts from different layers of human aorta in relation to the presence and severity of atherosclerotic lesions . ^^^ By spectrophotometric assay , neither TPA nor UPA activity could be detected in intimal or medial extracts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic separation after immunoprecipitation of biosynthetically labeled PAs revealed that medroxyprogesterone acetate ( MPA ) lowered levels of secreted tissue type PA ( tPA ) at 67 kilodaltons and urokinase type PA ( uPA ) at 55 kilodaltons . ^^^ Although tPA activity was readily measured by a chromogenic assay , detection of uPA activity required prior activation , indicating that uPA is released as the pro uPA zymogen . ^^^ More strikingly , 10 ( 8 ) mol / L E 2 plus 10 ( 7 ) mol / L MPA virtually eliminated both tPA activity ( 99 % inhibition ; P < 0 . 005 ) and uPA activity ( 93 % inhibition ; P < 0 . 005 ) ; the reductions in levels of the corresponding antigens were only about 50 % of the control levels and did not attain statistical significance . ^^^ Only after 3 6 days of incubation with E 2 plus MPA was statistically significant inhibition achieved for immunogenic levels of both tPA ( P < 0 . 05 ) and uPA ( P < 0 . 005 ) . ^^^ Thus , the concentration of PAI 1 in the stromal cell conditioned medium at the end of 0 3 days exceeded those of tPA and uPA , respectively , by 28 and 12 fold in response to MPA and by 52 and 25 fold in response to E 2 plus MPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) are produced by osteoblasts , as are the specific inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and a cellular receptor for uPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In developing rabbit brain we studied expression of metalloproteinases ( MMP ) 1 and 3 by in situ hybridization and MMP 2 and tissue and urokinase type plasminogen activators ( tPA and uPA ) by immunohistochemistry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of the plasminogen activation system demonstrates that Co 112 cells express the urinary type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and Co 115 cells the tissue type ( tPA ) , exclusively . ^^^ Double labeling experiments showed that uPA on Co 112 and tPA on Co 115 cells are cell surface associated constituents . ^^^ We suggest that the extracellular matrix degradation induced by tumor cell surface associated plasmin implies two different mechanisms which are specifically related to uPA or to tPA , both contributing to matrix degradation and malignant invasion . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By immunohistochemistry , we studied the expression of PAs ( tPA and uPA ) , their major physiological inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) , and a receptor for uPA ( uPAR ) in human coronary arteries with either pure fibrointimal proliferation ( n = 15 ) or developed atherosclerotic plaques ( n = 10 ) . ^^^ Overall , the degree of staining showed the following rank order : PAI 1 > tPA > uPAR > uPA . ^^^ However , the ratio of intimal to medial expression of tPA ( P = . 001 ) and uPAR ( P = . 004 ) was significantly increased in atherosclerotic arteries , with a similar trend for uPA ( P = . 069 ) but not for PAI 1 ( P = . 73 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We present an analysis of tissue type PA ( tPA ) and urokinase type PA ( uPA ) expression at three levels : mRNA by in situ hybridization , antigen by immunohistochemistry , and enzymatic activity by histoenzymology and zymography . ^^^ Part of the tPA was detected in the extracellular space and colocalized with fibrin deposits . uPA antigen and mRNA were detected in association with the intimal macrophages and SMCs . ^^^ Moreover , using a novel histoenzymological assay as well as classic zymography , we revealed uPA dependent lytic activity in the advanced lesions , whereas in normal arteries , only tPA dependent activity was detected , mainly over the vasa vasorum . ^^^ Also , strong tPA and uPA staining was detected in neomicrovessels of the plaques , suggesting that PAs may play a role in plaque angiogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DESIGN : Immunohistochemical localization of urokinase type PA ( uPA ) , tissue type PA ( tPA ) , type 1 PAI ( PAI 1 ) , and type 2 PAI ( PAI 2 ) in four normal lung biopsy specimens and in four adenocarcinomas ( AC ) , four squamous carcinomas ( SC ) , two large cell carcinomas ( LCC ) , and ten small cell carcinomas ( SCC ) biopsy specimens . ^^^ RESULTS : tPA and uPA immunostaining scores from all specimens were statistically similar . ^^^ The cellular staining for uPA and tPA was generally constant ( normal epithelial layers , AC cells , SC cells ) except for LCC cells ( inconstant uPA staining , p < 10 ( 3 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The relative topographical distribution of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue type PA ( tPA ) , PA inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , PA inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) , plasmin ( ogen ) , alpha 2 antiplasmin , and alpha 2 macroglobulin was studied in lesional epidermis of psoriasis vulgaris , and in normal epidermis , by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ In psoriatic epidermis , tPA predominated , although uPA was found in some biopsies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because mitogens such as basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) and platelet derived growth factor ( PDGF ) are positive regulatory factors and heparin is a negative regulatory factor for smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration , we have looked at the effects of these factors ( plus serum and phorbol ester ) on urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) of smooth muscle cells . ^^^ These data demonstrate that PDGF , bFGF and serum can differentially regulate smooth muscle cell plasminogen activators and that heparin can either increase or decrease levels of tPA or shift the localization of uPA depending on the mitogen used . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Whereas both urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue ( tPA ) PA appeared to be present in cultures of granulosa cells from DES treated rats , only tPA could be detected in those from eCG treated animals . ^^^ TGF alpha increased basal tPA activity at both stages of follicular development but inhibited activities of uPA in undifferentiated granulosa cells , irrespective of the presence of FSH . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , we assessed the effects of RU 486 administration on the expression of immunoreactive ( ir ) endometrial stromal cell urokinase type ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) plasminogen activator and their activities as well as levels of ir type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) using a well characterized in vitro model of decidualization . ^^^ Compared to the vehicle control , E 2 and RU 486 used alone had no effect on levels of ir PAI 1 , uPA , or tPA or on PA activity in the conditioned medium . ^^^ In contrast , MPA and E 2 plus MPA decreased ir uPA and tPA levels and their corresponding activities , whereas MPA increased , and E 2 plus MPA further increased ir PAI 1 release . ^^^ To determine if RU 486 reversed progestin inhibited stromal cell uPA and tPA release and progestin enhanced PAI 1 expression , confluent cultures were exposed to 10 ( 8 ) mol / L E 2 plus 10 ( 7 ) mol / L MPA for 10 days , washed , and reexposed to E 2 plus MPA , steroid free medium , or RU 486 for 3 5 or 9 11 days . ^^^ Compared with cultures maintained in E 2 plus MPA for 3 5 days , withdrawal to a steroid free medium failed to affect stromal cell ir PAI 1 , uPA , or tPA levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) is the primary inhibitor of the plasminogen activators ( PAs ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) . ^^^ P3Tyr P2Ser P1Lys P1 ' Trp and P3Tyr P2Ser P1Tyr P1 ' Met had ki values of 1 . 7 10 10 ( 6 ) M 1s 1 and 2 . 5 10 10 ( 6 ) M 1s 1 against tPA , respectively , but both were inactive against uPA . ^^^ In contrast , P2Arg P1Lys P1 ' Ala inhibited uPA 74 fold more rapidly than tPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The levels of plasminogen activators ( uPA and tPA ) and their inhibitors ( PNI and PAI 1 ) were determined by fibrin zymography , ELISA , amidolytic activity assay , complex formation , and Western blot analysis . ^^^ Fibrin zymography revealed the presence of M ( r ) 48 , 000 ( uPA ) and M ( r ) 68 , 000 ( tPA ) lytic bands that were increased in irradiated samples . ^^^ Three to four fold higher levels of tPA and 8 to 10 fold higher levels of uPA were detected in irradiated samples . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HGF is produced in an inactive single chain form that can be cleaved in vitro to the active two chain form by tissue type and urokinase type plasminogen ( PLG ) activators ( tPA and uPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this investigation we show that uPAR levels correlate with uPA levels in human breast cancers . uPAR levels , however , do not correlate with other components of the plasminogen activator system such as tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , PAI 1 or PAI 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Additionally , we have measured the release of urokinase ( uPA ) , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) into the cell culture media . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although PA activities with corresponding molecular masses of 55 kDa and 30 kDa ( tissue [ tPA ] and urokinase [ uPA ] type PA , respectively ) were observed in culture of undifferentiated granulosa cells , only tPA was detectable in differentiated cells . ^^^ Independent of the differentiative state of the granulosa cells , TNF alpha suppressed FSH stimulated tPA activity , but potentiated FSH induced uPA activity in undifferentiated granulosa cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Changes in local fibrinolytic activity were quantified using fibrin plate techniques and specific chromogenic assays for tPA and urokinase ( uPA ) in tissue extract ( n = 6 animals ) . ^^^ RESULTS : Surgical preparation and distention significantly reduced the fibrinolytic activity of pig saphenous vein in terms of areas of lysis produced on fibrin plates ( P < 0 . 05 ) , tPA activity ( P < 0 . 05 ) , and uPA activity ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fibrinolytic activity was plasminogen dependent and due to both urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) . ^^^ Fibrinolytic activity was inhibited by actinomycin D and cyclohexamide , but changes in mRNAs for uPA , tPA , PAI 1 , and TF by either cytokine were not appreciable . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expressions of urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue type plasminogen activators ( tPA ) in different stages of the rat seminiferous epithelial cycle were analyzed by in situ and Northern hybridizations combined with zymographic analysis . ^^^ Catalytic activities of uPA and tPA changed concomitantly to their RNA levels in different stages of the cycle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , polymerized ampicillin inhibits the activation of plasminogen by either urokinase like plasminogen activator ( uPA ) or tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) . ^^^ The inhibitory effects of the polymerized antibiotic on the activation of plasminogen by both uPA and tPA is totally abolished in presence of fibrin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
KW cells stained ( a ) positive for vimentin , smooth muscle specific alpha actin , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase type PA ( uPA ) , uPA receptor , PA inhibitor 1 , latent transforming growth factor beta 1 ( latent TGF beta 1 ) and 17 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 , and ( b ) negative for desmin , endoglin and cytokeratin 19 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study evaluate both the expression and release of PAs ( uPA and tPA ) and PAIs ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) from cultured cells , and also the expression of uPA receptor ( uPAR ) . ^^^ Immunocytochemistry showed that PAs , PAIs and uPAR were present to different extents on the surface of colon carcinoma cells ( Caco 2 , HT 29 ) , malignant melanoma cells ( LOX ) and normal fibroblasts . uPA immunoreactivity was intermediate in Caco 2 , HT 29 and LOX and weak in the fibroblasts . tPA immunoreactivity was intermediate in Caco 2 and LOX and weak in HT 29 and fibroblasts . ^^^ LOX released tPA ( median 9 ng / million cells at 72 hours ) , PAI 1 ( 1050 ng / million cells ) and PAI 2 ( 245 ng / million cells ) , and fibroblasts released uPA ( 1 ng / million cells ) and PAI 1 ( 910 ng / million cells ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Complex formation with tissue or urokinase type plasminogen activator ( tPA or uPA ) , and cleavage between P 3 and P 4 with a catalytic concentration of elastase , all resulted in identical 13 nm blue shifts of the peak fluorescence emission wavelength and 6 . 2 fold fluorescence enhancements . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue type ( tPA ) and urokinase type ( uPA ) plasminogen activator activity was assessed using chromogenic substrate assays , while smooth muscle cell proliferation and activation was monitored using expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) and of basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) respectively . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Balloon injury produced an initial fall in tPA and rise in uPA activity . tPA increased back to control levels by 7 d , while uPA fell to below control levels at 7 d and 1 month . ^^^ This would be compatible with a mechanism whereby acute injury suppressed tPA and upregulated uPA activity , with increased tPA activity acting as a marker for vessel repair . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects of calcium on human foreskin keratinocyte expression of urokinase type ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) plasminogen activator enzymes and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) were assessed by Northern analyses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A high concentration of glucose alters the production of tPA , uPA and PAI 1 antigens from human mesangial cells . ^^^ To elucidate a role of tPA , uPA and PAI 1 for the development of diabetic glomerulosclerosis , the effect of high glucose concentration on the production of both basal and thrombin mediated tPA , uPA and PAI 1 antigens from human mesangial cells was investigated . ^^^ The culture of mesangial cells in the presence of high glucose ( 33 mM ) for 11 days resulted in an increase in the synthesis of tPA and uPA when compared with that in normal glucose concentration ( 5 mM ) . ^^^ Thrombin stimulated dose dependently the production of tPA , uPA and PAI 1 from the cells grown in either 5 or 33 mM glucose . ^^^ However , the magnitude of the increase in tPA , uPA and PAI 1 from the cells grown in high glucose was less than that in normal glucose . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Steady state levels of mRNA for PAI 1 were also decreased by 1 , 25 ( OH ) 2D3 in a dose dependent manner , without significant effects on mRNA for either tissue type PA ( tPA ) or urokinase type PA ( uPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Decidual uPA is immunogenic in rabbit and a monospecific antiserum raised against it does not cross react with human melanoma tPA or rat Yoshida sarcoma tPA but elicits a precipitin reaction with human uPA and extracts of rat placenta and kidney . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Northern blot analysis demonstrated expression of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue type PA ( tPA ) and PA inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) in some of the above cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In placenta tissue extract , significant differences were found just as rarely for uPA , uPA receptor and PAl 1 as for tPA and D dimer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We assayed urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) in 43 human brain tumors ( predominantly astrocytic gliomas ) and in histologically disease free brain tissue resected with 21 of the tumors . ^^^ Levels of uPA , tPA , and PAI 1 , measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay , varied widely among individuals in neoplastic and in normal tissue but did not correlate with age or sex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study determined the time course of expression of the genes encoding tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) during the preimplantation period in rats by the sensitive mRNA phenotyping procedure of reverse transcription PCR . ^^^ Most plasminogen activator activity present in preimplantation embryos appeared to be uPA , as it could be inhibited by anti uPA antibody and a specific uPA inhibitor , amiloride , but not by anti tPA antibody . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Arterial and coronary sinus blood were sampled concomitantly before cardioplegia and after release of the aortic cross clamp , for measurement of t PA antigen ( Ag ) and activity , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) Ag and activity , t PA / PAI 1 complex , single chain urokinase ( sc uPA ) and urokinase ( uPA ) plasminogen activators , the fibrin split product D dimer , thrombin antithrombin complex ( TAT ) , and the prothrombin split product F 1 + 2 . ^^^ Cardiopulmonary bypass significantly increased t PA Ag and activity , t PA / PAI complex , D dimer , TAT , and F 1 + 2 , and decreased PAI 1 Ag and activity in arterial blood ; uPA and sc uPA were unchanged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The plasminogen activators , tissue type and urokinase type ( tPA and uPA , respectively ) have been identified in human skin under normal conditions and in various inflammatory dermatoses , including psoriasis . ^^^ By Northern blot analyses , mRNA for uPA , but not for tPA , has been previously identified in epidermal extracts from normal skin , whereas in psoriasis , mRNA for tPA is readily detected . ^^^ To further characterize uPA and tPA expression in psoriasis , the localization of uPA and tPA mRNAs was evaluated by in situ hybridization . ^^^ In psoriatic lesional skin , both uPA and tPA mRNAs were demonstrated by in situ hybridization . ^^^ In normal epidermis , neither tPA nor uPA mRNA could be detected by in situ hybridization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The two types of plasminogen activator , tissue type ( tPA ) and urokinase type ( uPA ) , are produced by osteoblasts , as is the specific PA inhibitor , PAI 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to uPA , tissue PA ( tPA ) and tissue kallikrein were the proteases studied . ^^^ The serpins we analyzed were protease nexin 1 ( PNI ) , PA inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 , and the kallikrein binding protein ( KBP ) . uPA nearly doubled 48 h after injury , while there was no change in amidolytic activity after addition of fibrin monomer as an estimation of tPA activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , a member of the serine protease inhibitor ( Serpin ) superfamily , is the primary inhibitor of the plasminogen activators tPA and uPA . ^^^ All three mutant proteins maintained normal functional activity against both uPA and tPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tissue ( tPA ) and urokinase ( uPA ) types of plasminogen activator and the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) are enzymatic proteins that may play an important role in the degradation of the extracellular matrix in physiologic and neoplastic conditions . ^^^ We have studied the immunohistochemical distribution of tPA , uPA , and PAI 1 in 24 human gliomas , including seven well differentiated astrocytomas , three oligodendrogliomas , six anaplastic astrocytomas , and eight glioblastomas multiforme . ^^^ All anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas showed numerous neoplastic cells immunoreactive for uPA , but not for tPA . ^^^ In contrast , low grade gliomas were negative for uPA , but contained some tPA immunoreactive cells . ^^^ Endothelial cells of vessels in non neoplastic and neoplastic brain were immunoreactive for tPA , but not for uPA or PAI 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recent investigations have shown that in the murine kidney urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) are synthesized and released in urine by tubular epithelial cells , raising the possibility that plasminogen activators ( PAs ) may be involved in the maintenance of patency and fluidity in renal tubules . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since the serine protease inhibitor , protein C inhibitor ( PCI ) , is present in seminal plasma at approximately 3 microM , complexes of PCI with urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) plasminogen activator were quantitated using sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assays ( ELISA ' s ) . ^^^ Seminal plasma ( N = 10 ) collected in the absence of extrinsic inhibitors had a mean of 25 + / 5 ng / ml uPA : PCI , 76 + / 23 ng / ml tPA : PCI , and 4 + / 2 ng / ml of tPA complexes with plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( tPA : PAI 1 ) . 93 % of the uPA and 17 % of the tPA antigen in seminal plasma was in complex with PCI and , when complexation was inhibited by collecting semen into an 1 , 10 phenanthrolinium solution , 33 % of the uPA and 7 % of the tPA was complexed to PCI . ^^^ In purified system , complexation of uPA and tPA to PCI paralleled the inhibition of the enzymes . ^^^ In vitro studies in blood and seminal plasma showed that heparin stimulated complexation of uPA and tPA with PCI , suggesting that negatively charged glycosaminoglycans in blood vessels and in the reproductive system may regulate PCI reactions with uPA and tPA . ^^^ These results suggest that PCI is a physiologic regulator of uPA and tPA in male reproductive tissues and raises questions about a potential role of PCI in human fertility and in uPA dependent cell invasiveness . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Regulation of endothelial cell ( EC ) plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) , the primary physiological inhibitor of tissue type plasminogen activator ( TPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( UPA ) , by various stimuli has been well characterized . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibition of these enzymatic bands with specific antibodies against tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and amiloride , an inhibitor for urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , confirmed that these bands were tPA and uPA . ^^^ Enzymatic levels quantified by densitometry showed a twofold elevation in the levels of tPA and more than a tenfold increase in uPA after 120 days ' irradiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These lines were then analyzed to determine the specific protein ( s ) responsible for differences in PA activity . mRNA and protein levels of cellular uPA , tPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 were measured using Northern blot analysis and ELISA assays . ^^^ Net PA activity demonstrated a direct correlation with mRNA transcript and protein levels of uPA / low levels of tPA mRNA were detected in the 253J line . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasmin is a fibrinolytic proteinase and is generated from ubiquitous plasminogen by cell derived urokinase type ( uPA ) or tissue type ( tPA ) plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thrombin did not affect the expression of other components of the plasminogen activation system , tissue type plasminogen activator and type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor , and uPA receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Patient samples and plasma from 25 normal controls were assayed for tPA activity , PAI 1 activity , and urokinase ( uPA ) activity and antigen . tPA activity and antigen were not significantly different in patients than in controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Synthetic bPTH ( 1 34 ) increased the activity of tissue type ( tPA ) and urokinase type ( uPA ) plasminogen activators ( PA ) in cell lysates ( CL ) of UMR 106 01 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When purified tPA ( but not uPA ) monoclonal antibody was added to luteal cell culture to neutralize endogenously produced tPA activity , progesterone production in the cells was increased significantly . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we determined the plasma levels of tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and von Willebrand factor ( vWF ) antigen in Blackfoot disease patients , in comparison with normal controls from non endemic areas and the endemic area , Putai . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Protease Nexin 1 ( PN 1 ) also known as Glia Derived Nexin ( GDN ) inhibits the activity of several serine proteases including thrombin , tissue ( tPA ) and urokinase ( uPA ) type plasminogen activators . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fibrin is the dissolving stationary phase and plasminogen , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase ( uPA ) , and plasmin are the soluble mobile species . ^^^ The model can predict lysis fronts moving across fibrin clots ( fine or coarse fibers ) of various densities under different administration regimes using uPA and tPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Comparisons of the high field methyl and aromatic regions of the uPA / K and tPA / K2 spectra against those from the Pgn / K1 and K 4 homologues afford the immediate assignment of signals stemming from conserved residues , such as the characteristic high field shifted Leu 46 delta , delta ' methyl doublets , and the aromatic side chains at the hydrophobic core , in particular those from Trp 25 , His48a , Tyr 50 , and Trp 62 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ELISA procedures are described for the quantitative analysis of the urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and of the tissue type PA ( tPA ) . ^^^ TPA can be present as a single chain or a two chain protein ; uPA as pro uPA , high or low molecular weight uPA , respectively . ^^^ Monoclonal antibodies specific for uPA or tPA were selected that recognized the distinct molecular forms of the PAs , even in the presence of fetal calf serum , which is a common relatively ill defined ingredient of cell culture media . ^^^ Finally , the ELISA in combination with functional tests were used to analyse the different PA components in culture supernatants of uPA or tPA producing cell lines . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we show that the induction of the uPA gene by CSR is mediated by the activation of c Jun which interacts with an AP 1 like site located 2 kb upstream of the uPA gene . 12 O tetradecanoylphorbol 13 acetate ( TPA ) induces the uPA gene through the same elements , but additionally utilizes an adjacent PEA 3 element and induces c fos . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Zymographies showed that this fall was associated with a reduction in the free uPA band ( 47 kDa ) and to the detection of a tissue type PA ( tPA ) complexed band ( 117 kDa ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tPA form of PA functions predominantly in endothelial cell mediated fibrinolysis , while uPA is involved in tissue remodeling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) mutants which , at selected amino acid positions , mimic urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and examined for their catalytic properties . ^^^ Tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) mutants which , at selected amino acid positions , mimic urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and examined for their catalytic properties . ^^^ In one series of mutants , the dipeptide Ser 262 Thr263 between kringle 2 and the protease domain of tPA was ( a ) replaced by an Ala residue , ( b ) lengthened by additional Ser and Ala residues , ( c ) exchanged for the 16 amino acid link between kringle and protease domains of uPA and an additional Ala residue . ^^^ In a second series of mutant , selected amino acid residues of the tPA protease domain were replaced by residues of the homologous uPA domain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have demonstrated for the first time that ( 1 ) mouse Sertoli cells predominantly secrete tPA under the action of FSH and cAMP generating agents , whereas Leydig cells mainly produce uPA ; ( 2 ) Sertoli cells are also capable of secreting PAI 1 , as well as FSH , growth factors and GnRH increase PAI 1 gene expression ; ( 3 ) the increases in tPA and PAI 1 activities by different hormones in the conditioned media of Sertoli cells correspond to the increases in the levels of tPA and PAI 1 mRNA in the cultured cells , suggesting that the synthesis of the activator inhibitor in mouse Sertoli cells is regulated at a transcriptional level and the tPA secreted by Sertoli cells may be involved in the spermatogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fibrinolytic activity was studied using fibrin plate techniques and Chromogenic assays for extractable tPA and uPA . ^^^ Uncontrolled distension and distension to 230 mmHg impaired fibrinolytic activity as determined by areas of lysis on fibrin plates ( p < 0 . 05 ) , ( p < 0 . 005 ) , tPA activity ( p < 0 . 005 ) ( p < 0 . 005 ) and uPA activity ( p < 0 . 05 ) , ( p < 0 . 005 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both of them belong to serine protease inhibitors family and are specific for tPA as well as uPA , forming stable complexes in molar ratio 1 : 1 with them . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) , the physiologic inhibitor of both tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , is a major biosynthetic product of endothelial cells in vitro ; endothelial cells in vivo , in contrast , do not appear to produce significant amounts of PAI 1 as made evident by in situ hybridization studies in normal mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The surprising increase in FgDP during defibrination suggests either that fibrinogen is digested following its incorporation into circulating fibrin protofibrils or that some of the fibrin subunits in the photofibril retain one of the two fibrinopeptide A ' s . tPA and uPA remained unchanged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although interaction of tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) with fibrin is well established , the prevailing view is that urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) does not bind to fibrin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using polyclonal antibodies and a fluorescent technique , the immunohistochemical distribution of plasmin / plasminogen , fibrinogen and the plasminogen activators , urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , were studied in lesional and non lesional skin from nine BP patients , one with linear IgA disease ( LAD ) and one with pemphigoid gestationis ( PG ) . ^^^ In normal skin , fibrinogen , tPA and uPA were absent from the epidermis and plasminogen was confined to the basal layer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Importantly , both compounds show > 300 fold selectivity for uPA relative to tissue type plasminogen activator and > 1000 fold selectivity relative to plasmin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Evaluation of expression of tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , metalloproteinases and TIMP 1 was performed by means of enzyme immunoassay , zymogram , or immunoblot . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) were assayed in biopsies from the base , edge and adjacent skin of ischaemic and venous ulcers using a functional bioimmunoassay and a standard immunoassay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we further investigated changes in expression of both tPA and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) activity during various developmental stages of rat corpus luteum ( CL ) of pregnancy and their possible physiological roles in luteolysis . ^^^ Rat CL or dispersed luteal cells in vitro are capable of producing both tPA and uPA , and a plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 , in a stage dependent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and streptokinase were evaluated for their ability to reduce postsurgical adhesion formation in a rat uterine horn devascularization and serosal injury model in a blinded , randomized study . ^^^ Small doses of tPA , uPA , or streptokinase were delivered over approximately a 4 day period either from a biodegradable hydrogel matrix or as four daily intraperitoneal injections . ^^^ These results suggest that both tPA and uPA may be used to prevent adhesion formation when delivered locally . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three major components of the plasminogen activators ( PA ) / plasmin system are synthesized physiologically in glomeruli , and can be involved in glomerular proteolysis and extracellular matrix metabolism : tissue type PA ( tPA ) , urokinase ( uPA ) and PA inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) . ^^^ RNase protection assays and in situ hybridizations revealed a marked glomerular induction of PAI 1 mRNA abundance without any significant changes in renal tPA and uPA mRNA levels in the two different types of lupus like glomerulonephritis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cultured baboon ECs transduced with human cDNAs for wild type tissue plasminogen activator ( TPA ) or for glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored urokinase type plasminogen activator ( a UPA ) were seeded onto collagen coated segments of vascular graft ( collagen segments ) and exposed overnight to flow using an in vitro perfusion circuit . ^^^ The antigenic levels of TPA and UPA each increased 10 fold in the media perfusing the corresponding transduced ECs compared with untransduced ECs ( P < or = . 05 in both cases ) . ^^^ In baboons the antithrombotic effects of TPA transduced or a UPA transduced ECs were measured as 111In platelet deposition and 125I fibrin accumulation on collagen segments bearing sparsely attached ECs ( tarnsduced versus untransduced ) interposed in exteriorized arteriovenous femoral shunts . ^^^ The presence of TPA transduced or a UPA transduced ECs on collagen segments at a density of 25 , 000 ECs / cm2 decreased 111AIn platelet deposition and 125I fibrin accumulation on collagen surfaces compared with untransduced ECs present at equivalent density ( P < . 05 for platelet deposition with TPA transduced ECs and P < . 05 for platelet deposition on the propagated tail , as well as fibrin accumulation on the graft with a UPA transduced ECs ) . ^^^ The systemic levels of fibrinopeptide A , thrombin antithrombin complex , D dimer , and both local and systemic levels of TPA and UPA were not increased by transduced ECs compared with untransduced ECs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , we evaluated whether thrombin affected the expression of endometrial stromal cell urokinase type ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) plasminogen activators and their primary inhibitor , type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) , and whether ovarian steroids modulated putative thrombin effects . ^^^ The conditioned medium was then collected and analyzed for immunoreactive ( ir ) uPA , tPA , and PAI 1 by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and for PA activity by chromogenic assay , whereas Northern analysis of the cells was employed to evaluate the expression of thrombin receptor , uPA , tPA , and PAI 1 messenger ribonucleic acid ( mRNA ) species . ^^^ Thrombin added in the absence of exogenous steroids elevated concentrations of ir tPA , uPA , and PAI 1 compared with control cultures . ^^^ Conversely , in the absence of added thrombin , MPA added alone or together with E 2 inhibited levels of ir tPA and uPA while stimulating PAI 1 levels despite the lack of a response to E 2 alone . ^^^ Interestingly , thrombin counteracted this progestin inhibition of tPA and uPA expression and augmented the progestin enhanced expression of PAI 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Four different classes of proteases are known to be correlated with the malignant phenotype : 1 ) Matrix metalloproteases ; including collagenases , gelatinases and stromelysins . 2 ) Cysteine proteases ; including cathepsins B and L . 3 ) Aspartyl protease cathepsin D . 4 ) Serine proteases ; including plasmin and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both urokinase type PA ( uPA ; 30 kDa ) and tissue type PA ( tPA ; 55 KDa ) activities were present in cultures of undifferentiated granulosa cells , but only tPA was detectable in differentiated granulosa cell cultures . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS AND RESULTS : Enzyme immunoassays ( EIAs ) showed that urokinase and tissue plasminogen activators ( uPA , tPA ) and PA inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) were present in ascites from both patient groups and that tPA was the predominant PA . uPA , tPA , and PAI 1 , were detected in plasma from patients and controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Within 5 days , smooth muscle cells ( SMCs ) on the luminal surface expressed the mRNA for tissue type plasminogen activator ( TPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen ( UPA ) , the receptor for UPA ( UPAR ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) . ^^^ Quiescent endothelial cells did not express TPA , UPA , UPAR , or PAI 1 mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The plasminogen activator ( PA ) proteolytic cascade comprises two enzymes known as urokinase PA ( uPA ) and tissue PA ( tPA ) , both of which activate plasminogen to plasmin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we characterize the expression of tissue type ( tPA ) and urokinase ( uPA ) PAs , as well as the urokinase cell surface receptor ( uPAR ) during differentiation of cultured cells from mouse dorsal root ganglia . ^^^ Densitometric analysis of gel zymographs demonstrates that the elevation in mRNA levels is accompanied by similar increases in the activity levels of tPA and uPA . ^^^ Interestingly , in situ hybridization studies of the cultures show that tPA mRNA is restricted to small sensory neurons , whereas uPA mRNA is localized predominantly in large sensory neurons . uPAR mRNA is expressed by both neuronal subpopulations and , to a lesser extent , by Schwann cells and fibroblasts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cells of early passages ( passage no . 22 ) only expressed urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) but not tPA specific mRNA . ^^^ Cells after prolonged culture ( passage no . 44 ) expressed uPA and tPA specific mRNA , but did not release tPA in the extracellular space and did not display surface associated tPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While TPA treatment evoked a temporary increased expression of urokinase type PA ( uPA ) , the production of both types of human plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI ) was induced and sustained over 12 h by TPA treatment shifting the protease protease inhibitors balance in favor of the inhibitors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , single deficient mice lacking tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , or PA inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) gene function were recently found to have normal reproduction , although mice with a combined deficiency of tPA and uPA were significantly less fertile . ^^^ Our results reveal that ovulation efficiency is normal in mice with a single deficiency of tPA or uPA but reduced by 26 % in mice lacking both physiological PAs . ^^^ This result suggests that plasminogen activation plays a role in ovulatory response , although neither tPA nor uPA individually or in combination is obligatory for ovulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The concentrations of urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and interleukin 1beta were all found to be significantly different in interfaces and in pseudocapsules , compared to controls . ^^^ Immunohistochemistry disclosed localization in periprosthetic tissues of uPA , uPA receptor and tPA in macrophages with phagocytosed metal , polyethylene , cement particles or accompanying pieces of necrotic bone . ^^^ PAI 1 staining was present in the neighboring areas that stained for uPA or tPA , but PAI 1 staining was also found overlapping and outside these areas . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the role of plasminogen activators ( tPA uPA ) and inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia . ^^^ STUDY DESIGN : tPA uPA and PAI 1 antigens were measured in amniotic fluid , maternal plasma , and placental homogenates in normal pregnancy by ELISA method and compared with that of preeclampsia . ^^^ RESULTS : In normal pregnancy , tPA , uPA and PAI 1 levels increase as the gestation advance , but the increment of PAI 1 in amniotic fluid ( 28 . 3 fold ) is larger than that of tPA and uPA ( 1 . 8 fold , 8 . 5 fold ) ( p < 0 . 001 ) . ^^^ Whereas , villi had higher levels of tPA uPA than decidua ( p < 0 . 01 ) . ^^^ In preeclampsia , the significantly higher levels of PAI 1 were observed in AF and decidua tissue as compared to the normals ( p < 0 . 01 ) , and the increment of PAI 1 in preeclampsia is larger than that of tPA , uPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : The immunohistochemical localization of uPAR , uPA , tPA ) and PAI 1 was evaluated by using the avidin biotin immunoperoxidase technique and affinity purified monoclonal antibodies from American Diagnostica Inc . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , a rapid inhibitor of both uPA and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) is the major physiologic regulator of plasminogen activator activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The availability of gene targeted mice deficient in the urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , urokinase receptor ( uPAR ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , and plasminogen permits a critical , genetic based analysis of the physiological and pathological roles of the two mammalian plasminogen activators . ^^^ However , uPAR / / tPA / mice do not develop the pervasive , multi organ fibrin deposits , severe tissue damage , reduced fertility , and high morbidity and mortality observed in mice with a combined deficiency in tPA and the uPAR ligand , uPA . ^^^ Furthermore , uPAR / / tPA / mice do not exhibit the profound impairment in wound repair seen in uPA / / tPA / mice when they are challenged with a full thickness skin incision . ^^^ These results indicate that plasminogen activation focused at the cell surface by uPAR is important in fibrin surveillance in the liver , but that uPA supplies sufficient fibrinolytic potential to clear fibrin deposits from most tissues and support wound healing without the benefit of either uPAR or tPA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No urokinase type PA ( uPA ) enzymatic activity was detected . tPA enzymatic activity appeared predominantly as an uncomplexed 70 kDa species , although some samples contained enzyme inhibitor complexes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We conclude that cultured human uveal melanoma cells produce either tPA or uPA , and TGF beta 2 can have a variable effect on PA production of these cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : In pregnant women with HELLP syndrome ( n = 18 ) , pre / eclampsia ( n = 21 ) and highly pathological Doppler flow measurements ( hpD ) ( n = 13 ) , plasma and placental tissue extract concentrations of uPA , uPA receptor , tPA , PAI 1 , MMP 8 , MMP 9 , TIMP 1 , thrombomodulin , and angiogenin were measured using ELISA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In particular , low tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) levels , as antigen or as activity , high uPA : tPA antigen ratio in corresponding normal mucosa , high levels of uPA related antigen and activity and of PAI 2 antigen in neoplastic tissue , and high uPA ( neoplastic mucosa ) : tPA ( normal mucosa ) ratio , were all parameters associated with a poor overall survival . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both tPA and uPA secretion was enhanced by addition of FSH and FK to the organ culture media . ( 3 ) Segments of both rat and mouse seminiferous tubules at stages 9 12 in which the sperm residual bodies are absorbed into the Sertoli cells were also very sensitive to the addition of FSH to the organ culture . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Northern blot analyses of RNA from the cultured cells demonstrated that the steady state levels of mRNA for uPA , but not for tPA and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 , were decreased by indomethacin ; this decrease was reversed by prostaglandin E 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Under certain pathophysiological conditions epidermal keratinocytes produce urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) or tissue type PA ( tPA ) . ^^^ In line with this hypothesis , we have studied , by immunohistochemistry , the distribution of PAI 2 , uPA and tPA in the normal and in the lesional epidermis of patients with lupus erythematosus ( LE ) , a disease in which epidermal differentiation is disturbed . ^^^ Neither uPA nor tPA was detectable in normal or lesional epidermis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Concentrations of all antigens ( uPA , tissue type PA ( tPA ) , uPAR , and PAI 1 ) , were significantly greater in RA than OA ; those in OA were significantly greater than normal . ^^^ Antigen concentrations ( uPA , tPA , and uPAR ) in NGOA differed from those in other subclasses of OA , but the species of PA present did not appear to vary between disease groups . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The properties studied include specificity for urokinase type ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) plasminogen activators , binding to conA and heparin , inhibition of thrombin , plasmin and trypsin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These data suggest that rat Sertoli cells , similar to ovarian granulosa cells , are capable of secreting both tPA and uPA , as well as PAI 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS AND RESULTS : When human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells ( HCMEC ) , pial arterial endothelial cells , and middle meningeal arterial endothelial cells were exposed to 10 to 1000 ng / mL recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator ( RTPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( UPA ) , or streptokinase / plasminogen ( 37 U streptokinase plus 2 mumol / L plasminogen ) for 24 hours , they exhibited concentration dependent decreases in elaboration of PAI 1 of 65 + / 3 % , 48 + / 3 % , and 59 + / 8 % . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The plasminogen activators , tissue type and urokinase type ( tPA and uPA , respectively ) , have been identified in various malignancies and have been implicated in both local growth and metastatic spread . ^^^ To characterize plasminogen activator expression more fully in human basal cell carcinoma , the localization of uPA and tPA mRNAs was evaluated by in situ hybridization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : A marked increase in the expression of tissue factor ( TF ) and type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) and an inhibition of tissue type and urokinase type plasminogen activators ( tPA and uPA , respectively ) , matrix metalloproteinases ( MMP ) , and endothelin 1 ( ET 1 ) expression accompany progestin induced decidualization of estrogen primed endometrial stromal cells both in vivo and in vitro . ^^^ Conversely , progesterone withdrawal reduces TF and PAI 1 expression and increases tPA , uPA , MMP , and ET 1 expression accounting for the hemorrhage , enhanced fibrinolysis , ECM degradation , and ischemic spiral arterial vascular injury characterizing menstruation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) is an important regulator of plasminogen activation , which inhibits both tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : CSF tPA and urokinase ( uPA ) activities were studied using an immunocapture assay and zymography in 44 patients with neurological disease and 20 reference subjects . ^^^ Samples were qualitatively screened for both tPA and uPA activity by zymography and positive samples were quantitated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tumour necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ) and interleukin 1 beta ( IL 1 beta ) increased in several , but not all , cell lines the production of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue type PA ( tPA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) as analysed by zymography , enzyme immunoassays and Northern analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This review focuses on the main components of the fibrinolytic system tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase ( uPA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) and on thrombin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using mice with inactivated tissue PA ( tPA ) , urokinase PA ( uPA ) , or type 1 PA inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) genes , we evaluated whether these processes , or their stimulation by parathyroid hormone ( PTH ) or 1 , 25 dihydroxyvitamin ( 1 , 25 [ OH ] 2D3 ) are dependent on these genes . ^^^ PTH similarly increased ( about 10 fold ) PA activity in calvariae from wild type tPA+ / + and uPA+ / + or deficient uPA / and PAI / mice ; it affected only tPA , not uPA . ^^^ In tPA / bones , the low PA levels , due to uPA , were not influenced by PTH . ^^^ No differences were observed between tPA+ / + , tPA / , uPA+ / + , and uPA / calvariae for any parameter related to bone resorption ( development of lacunae , release of calcium and lysosomal enzymes , accumulation of collagenase , loss of hydroxyproline ) , indicating similar responses to PTH or calcitonin . ^^^ The progressive 45Ca release was largely similar in cultures of tPA+ / + , tPA / , uPA+ / + , uPA / , PAI+ / + , or PAI / metatarsals and it was similarly enhanced by PTH or 1 , 25 ( OH ) 2D3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The stimulatory effect was not specific for UPA , in that tissue type PA ( TPA ) also increased migration ( 169 + / 9 % of control , 10 nmol / L , P < . 001 ) ; the augmentation was inhibited by pretreatment with DFP , PAI 1 , or aprotinin and was additive to the UPA effect . ^^^ Similarly , both UPA and TPA stimulated invasion of a collagen gel ; this augmentation was inhibited by aprotinin , whereas antibodies to the UPA receptor reduced baseline invasion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One of the mechanisms by which endothelial cells ( ECs ) regulate fibrinolysis is through the regulated assembly of proteins such as plasminogen , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase ( uPA ) on their membrane surface . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , uPA receptor , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , matrix metalloproteinases MMP 8 , MMP 9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases TIMP 1 were measured by ELISA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Accordingly , PAI 1 was recovered in a reactive centre cleaved form from incubations with urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) at 0 degree C , but not at 37 degrees C . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since TNF alpha may contribute to thrombotic complications in sepsis patients , we determined markers of thrombin activation , parameters of the fibrinolytic system ( D dimer , tissue plasminogen activator antigen ( tPA ) urinary type plasminogen activator antigen ( uPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen ( PAI 1 ) and von Willebrand factor antigen ( vWF ) in 30 patients with sepsis or septic shock . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HCE16 / 3 cells were found to produce urokinase type PA ( uPA ) and small amounts of tissue type PA ( tPA ) as determined by immunocapture assay . ^^^ Secretion of both uPA and tPA was increased when HCE16 / 3 cells were exposed to KGF for 4 h and continued to increase during the next 24 h . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PURPOSE : The plasminogen system , which includes tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and their main inhibitor , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) , plays a major role in both fibrinolysis and tissue remodeling . ^^^ This study compares the levels of tPA , uPA , and PAI 1 at the groin and ankle in normal and varicose greater saphenous vein ( GSV ) . ^^^ Assays of the supernatants were obtained for tPA , uPA , and PAI 1 protein by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : In the tissue explant supernatant model uPA and PAI 1 are actively synthesized , but tPA is not . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase 1 ( MMP 1 ) , matrix metalloproteinase 8 ( MMP 8 ) , matrix metalloproteinase 9 ( MMP 9 ) , lactoferrin and urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and the inhibitors , tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 ( TIMP 1 ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 2 ) , and alpha 2 macroglobulin in the synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis was determined before and during chemical synoviorthesis with a sodium salt of the fatty acids from cod liver oil ( Varicocid ) . ^^^ All granulocyte derived enzymes were strongly correlated with each other , whereas their dependence on the granulocyte count was only weak . uPA and PAI 2 showed good correlations with the granulocytes derived enzymes , but were also only weakly correlating with the cell counts . t PA was not detected by the ELISA used . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The incubation of mesangial cells with TSP increased the secretion of tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , while plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) decreased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to clarify a role of stromal cells in sex steroidal neovascularization , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 [ an inhibitor of tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) ] and its messenger ribonucleic acid ( mRNA ) were analysed in fibroblasts derived from uterine endometrium as a model for endometrial stromal cells under the influence of sex steroids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Consistent with this , the ovulation efficiency of mice lacking the two known physiological plasminogen activators ( PAs ) , tissue type PA ( tPA ) and urokinase type PA ( uPA ) , is reduced by 26 % . ^^^ Surprisingly , mice with a single deficiency of either tPA or uPA gene function were normal in their capacity to ovulate . ^^^ The existence of redundant mechanisms for plasmin production in the ovary may be the cause of the normal ovulation efficiency in single deficient mice lacking tPA or uPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibition of activated protein C ( APC ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , thrombin , factor Xa ( Xa ) , factor XIa ( XIa ) and plasma kallikrein ( KK ) by PCI was found to be dependent on the size of the polysaccharide . ^^^ Differences in heparin stimulation were more pronounced for thrombin , APC , uPA , tPA and XIa , whereas inactivation of Xa by PCI was less dependent on the presence of heparin , and kallikrein showed higher potentiation with LMWH than with UF heparin . ^^^ They also show that LMWH is less efficient in stimulating the PCI inhibition of APC , uPA and tPA , which could contribute to the antithrombotic effect of these enzymes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The comparison of uPAR expression between these cell lines and peripheral blood cells and it correlation with plasminogen receptors , tPA receptors and LRP expression offers new insights regarding potential mechanisms for regulation of uPA uPAR mediated pericellular proteolysis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study demonstrated the profile of the neutral proteinases , 1 ) matrix metalloproteinases ( MMP ) 1 , 2 , 3 , and 9 , and 2 ) serine proteinases , elastase , cathepsin G , urokinase and tissue type plasminogen activators ( uPA and tPA ) as well as their inhibitors , namely , tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases ( TIMP ) 1 , alpha 1 antitrypsin , alpha 1 antichymotrypsin , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 & 2 , around loose hip prostheses to clarify the step in the cascade of biological host response in the loosening of replaced total hip joints . ^^^ Immunohistochemical analysis showed the presence of MMPs ( MMP 1 , 2 , 3 , and 9 ) and serine proteinases ( elastase , cathepsin G , uPA and tPA ) both in the interface tissues and pseudocapsular tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The plasminogen activator system ( PA system ) consists of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue type PA ( tPA ) , as well as the two types of plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Available plasmin , required for MMP zymogen activation , is regulated by plasminogen activators ( uPA , tPA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) . ^^^ IL 1 beta suppressed production of uPA and tPA in both types of SMCs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Invasion is an active process and correlations are observed between cellular invasivness and proteinase production , like uPA , tPA and its inhibitors , for example PAI 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we present a characterization of the COM sequence : our results show that COM and COM binding proteins ( UEF , Urokinase Enhancer Factors ) may play a structural role in the induction of the uPA enhancer by phorbol myristate acetate ( TPA ) . ( 1 ) COM has a bipartite structure ( uCOM and dCOM ) and each half contributes by about 50 % to the COM mediated TPA induction . ( 2 ) COM function is strictly dependent on its position , but not on its orientation and neither the entire COM nor individual UEF binding sites can directly transactivate a test promoter . ( 3 ) The requirement for COM in TPA induction is partly eliminated by the deletion of COM sequence . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An increase of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and a decrease of tissue type PA ( tPA ) have been associated with the transition from normal to adenomatous colorectal mucosa . ^^^ Serial sections from 25 adenomas were used to identify PA related caseinolytic activities by in situ zymography , blocking selectively uPA or tPA . ^^^ The distribution of uPA , tPA , and type 1 PA inhibitor mRNAs was investigated by nonradioactive in situ hybridization , and the receptor for uPA was detected by immunostaining . ^^^ Results show that 23 of 25 adenomas expressed uPA related lytic activity located predominantly in the periphery whereas tPA related activity was mainly in central areas of adenomas . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To know the effects of sex steroids on the potentials of growth , invasion , and metastasis with neovascularization of endometrial cancer , the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 [ an inhibitor of tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) ] and its mRNA in well differentiated uterine endometrial cancer cell line Ishikawa was determined by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction Southern blotting ( RT PCR SB ) , respectively , under the influence of sex steroids . ^^^ Therefore , sex steroidal induction of PAI 1 might contribute to the inhibition of invasion and metastasis , concomitantly with the inhibition of neovascularization associated with tPA and uPA activities , in well differentiated endometrial cancer . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) is more important in modulation of fibrinolysis , and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) is predominant in tissue remodeling . ^^^ Tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) is more important in modulation of fibrinolysis , and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) is predominant in tissue remodeling . ^^^ METHODS : Levels of tPA and uPA in AAA , occlusive , and normal ( organ donor ) aorta were studied in tissue explant supernatants . ^^^ Supernatant tPA and uPA levels were measured with an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , the present studies were conducted to identify a partial cDNA for chicken tPA and subsequently to evaluate expression of uPA and tPA mRNA in granulosa and theca tissues in vivo and in vitro . ^^^ These data indicate that while the chicken expresses a tPA gene that is homologous to the mammalian tPA , uPA is the predominant PA expressed in the hen ovary . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In mice lacking either tissue type PA ( tPA ) or PA inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) the plasmin activity levels prior to ovulation were similar to wild type mice , while extracts prepared from urokinase type PA ( uPA ) deficient mice had 10 % or less of the plasmin activity . ^^^ In addition , as the ovulation efficiency is impaired in tPA / uPA deficient mice but appears normal in uPA deficient mice , our data indicates that the amount of plasmin generated by PAs prior to ovulation in wild type mice greatly exceeds the amount required for efficient ovulation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Deficiency of plasminogen or combined deficiency of tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) was associated with severe functional and histological exacerbation of glomerular injury . ^^^ Deficiency of tPA , the predominant plasminogen activator expressed in glomeruli , also exacerbated disease . uPA deficiency reduced glomerular macrophage infiltration and did not significantly exacerbate disease . uPA receptor deficiency did not effect the expression of GN . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine whether the T cell lymphokines interleukin 4 ( IL 4 ) and interferon gamma ( IFN gamma ) modulate SMC fibrinolysis and migration induced by basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) , we examined the effects of IL 4 and IFN gamma on human SMC tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( UPA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) antigen production , determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays . ^^^ Although IL 4 had no effects on SMC tPA , UPA , and PAI 1 production , it potentiated bFGF induced tPA , UPA , and PAI 1 antigens . ^^^ IFN gamma decreased the IL 4 plus bFGF induction of both tPA and UPA antigens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Myosin binds both tPA and plasminogen , and enhances activation of des 1 77 plasminogen by tPA but not by urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human SMC TPA , UPA , and PAI 1 antigen levels were determined by ELISAs . ^^^ Furthermore , S dC 28 attenuates SMC TPA production , thereby inhibiting SMC migration , whereas S dC 28 augments SMC UPA production , thus diminishing SMC cellular adhesion . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , the lack of either uPA or tissue type PA ( tPA ) activity is not limiting for the establishment and proliferation of End . cells in vitro , although the combined loss of both PA activities leads to a marked reduction in proliferation rates . ^^^ Furthermore , the in vitro morphogenetic properties of mutant End . cells in fibrin gels could only be correlated with an altered proteolytic status in cells lacking both uPA and tPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A sensitive and robust assay for urokinase and tissue type plasminogen activators ( uPA and tPA ) and their inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) in breast tumor cytosols . uPA and PAI 1 are becoming established as amongst the most effective markers of poor prognosis for patients with node negative breast cancer ; tPA is an index of longer survival . ^^^ This paper describes a sensitive ELISA for the measurement of uPA , tPA and PAI 1 in breast cancer cytosols . ^^^ It is the first published assay to yield strictly comparative values for uPA , tPA and PAI 1 in tissue extracts and is readily subject to external quality control . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) is an important regulator of plasminogen activation , which inhibits both tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) are believed to be involved in the biochemical cascade leading to extracellular matrix degradation during ovulation , the presence and possible role of urokinase type PA ( uPA ) and its receptor ( uPAR ) in follicular wall remodeling during follicular development are poorly understood . ^^^ In the current studies , we have examined their presence in the rat ovary and compared the changes in both uPA and uPAR expression with those of tPA and PAI 1 during follicular growth in vivo . ^^^ The reciprocal expression of uPA and tPA during follicular development are consistent with the notion that these proteases have different biological functions in the ovary , i . e . tPA is involved in follicular wall remodelling before ovulation whereas uPA is important in extracellular matrix degradation during cell proliferation and migration that accompany follicle growth . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression and localization of mRNA ' s for tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase PA ( uPA ) , uPA receptor ( uPAR ) and inhibin subunits , alpha , beta A and beta B in monkey testes was investigated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two types of plasminogen activators ( PA ) , tissue type ( tPA ) and urokinase type ( uPA ) , were identified in the seminal plasma of both the human and the rhesus monkey . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In 15 patients we investigated coagulation parameters before , during and post CPB , i . e . , fibrinogen , antithrombin ( AT ) 3 , thrombin antithrombin complex ( TAT ) , prothrombin fragments F 1 + 2 ( F 1 + 2 ) , factor ( F ) XIIa , tissue factor ( TF ) , and parameters of the fibrinolytic system , i . e . , plasmin antiplasmin complex ( PAP ) , D dimer , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the primary cancers , PAI 2 levels correlated weakly but significantly with those of uPA and PAI 1 , but not with tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) or uPA receptor ( uPAR ) levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In 587 frozen samples of malignant and nonmalignant tissue of breast , uterus , vulva , and ovary , levels of urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) were examined with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) and cathepsin D ( cath D ) with radioimmunoassay . ^^^ In 393 primary breast cancer samples , uPA , PAI 1 , and cath D were not related to other prognostic factors , whereas tPA levels were significantly raised in prognostic more favorable carcinomas . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The high affinity binding of tPA to VSMCs resulted in an eightfold greater potential for plasmin generation than the binding of uPA , with this difference increasing to 15 fold after thrombin stimulation of the cells due to a 1 . 8 fold increase in tPA binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study characterizes the expression of tissue type plasminogen activator ( TPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( UPA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) in hyperplastic vein grafts and normal venous tissue . ^^^ Functional assays of the graft specimens showed an increased UPA / TPA ratio and a decreased total fibrinolytic activity in comparison with normal veins . ^^^ Furthermore , augmented UPA activity was found in the graft wall , but TPA was clearly depleted . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To compare the plasminogen activators ( tPA , uPA ) and their inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) at different gestational ages , related to levels in women at term and non pregnant women . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To analyse the functional activity of the plasminogen activators urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) in human synovial membrane , and to compare the pattern of expression between normal , osteoarthritic , and rheumatoid synovium . ^^^ The tissue distribution of uPA , tPA , uPA receptor ( uPAR ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) was studied by immunohistochemistry . uPA , tPA , uPAR , and PAI 1 mRNA values and mRNA distribution were assessed by northern blot and in situ hybridisations respectively . ^^^ In some OA , tPA activity was expressed together with variable amounts of uPA mediated activity . ^^^ By contrast , most RA synovial tissues exhibited considerably increased uPA activity over the proliferative lining areas , while tPA activity was reduced when compared with N and OA synovial tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Induction of in vitro angiogenesis and upregulation of urokinase and tissue type plasminogen activator ( uPA , tPA ) expression are two hallmarks of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) activity on cultured endothelial cells . ^^^ In both BME and BAE cells , antibodies to bFGF also decreased basal levels of cell associated uPA activity , and completely blocked the VEGF mediated increase in uPA and tPA expression observed in parallel cultures incubated with VEGF alone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , in a defined cell free system , plasminogen activators [ uPA , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , or streptokinase ] , in combination with one of a series of FSDs ( N acetyl L cysteine , D penicillamine , captopril , L cysteine , or reduced glutathione ] generate angiostatin from plasminogen . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MC were found to react with antibodies against tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase receptor ( uPAR / CD87 ) , but not with antibodies against urokinase ( uPA ) or plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast to basal invasion , which was urokinase ( uPA ) and plasmin dependent , RA enhanced invasion was dependent on tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and plasmin activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The complex of the type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) and its target proteinases , the urokinase and tissue type plasminogen activators ( uPA and tPA ) , but not the free components , bind with high affinity to the endocytosis receptors alpha 2 macroglobulin receptor / low density lipoprotein receptor related protein ( alpha2MR / LRP ) and very low density lipoprotein receptor ( VLDLR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our study focused on the possible roles of PAI 1 , PAI 2 , and uPA in tPA in myocyte hypertrophy and angiogenesis in the early and late stages of pressure overload induced left ventricular hypertrophy ( LVH ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using a pregnant mare serum gonadotropin ( PMSG ) / human chorionic gonadotropin ( hCG ) induced rhesus monkey corpus luteum ( CL ) model , we have studied how urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) , are temporally expressed in CL of rhesus monkey at the luteotropic and luteolytic periods . ^^^ Fibrin overlay was used to detect uPA and tPA activities . ^^^ We conclude that proteolysis mediated by uPA and regulated by PAI 1 may play a role in the luteal maintenance , while tPA may participate in the luteal regression in the rhesus monkey . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
UPA did not induce growth of endothelial cells , and tissue type plasminogen activator showed no activity on either cell type . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cooperation of two PEA3 / AP1 sites in uPA gene induction by TPA and FGF 2 . ^^^ We have previously shown in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts that treatment with 12 O tetradecanoylphorbol 13 acetate ( TPA ) or fibroblast growth factor 2 ( FGF 2 ) activates the Ras / Erk signaling pathway in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts , leading to the induction of the urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) gene . ^^^ DNase 1 hypersensitive ( HS ) site analysis of the uPA promoter showed that two regions were enhanced after TPA and FGF 2 treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study we further examined localization of mRNAs for tPA , uPA , LHR , androgen receptor ( AR ) , as well as inhibin subunits alpha , betaA and betaB in rhesus monkey epididymis . ^^^ Using in situ hybridization with digoxygenin labelled cRNA probes , we have demonstrated that tPA and PAI 1 mRNAs were localized in epithelial cells of adult monkey epididymis . uPA mRNA was localized in the same areas , but to a much smaller extent . tPA , uPA and PAI 1 mRNAs were greatly expressed in the caput and corpus of adult epididymis than in other regions . ^^^ In vitro experiments showed that both tPA and uPA activities in epididymal cells were dramatically stimulated by HCG , but not by follicle stimulating hormone ( FSH ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By using in situ hybridization , RNase protection assays , indirect immunofluorescence , Western blots , and bioassays , we show 1 ) the presence of insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) , IGF 2 receptor ( IGF IIR ) , IGF IR , TGF beta , plasminogen , plasminogen activators [ urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) ] , and Cdk 4 in developing palates ; 2 ) on embryonic day 14 ( E 14 ) , which is a critical day for palatal growth , B10 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , a correlation was seen between this phenotype and expression of urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) plasminogen activators ( P = 0 . 08 and 0 . 02 respectively ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Elimination of the Cys 558 Cys566 bond attenuated activation by urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , but resulted in an increased susceptibility to cleavage by trypsin and plasma kallikrein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast to basal invasion , which is plasmin , urokinase ( uPA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) 9 and TIMP 1 inhibitable MMP dependent , TGFbeta 1 enhanced invasion is dependent upon plasmin and uPA activity but does not appear to involve t PA , MMP 9 or TIMP 1 inhibitable MMPs , as judged by inhibitor studies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , in a consecutive prospective series of 203 gastric cancer patients , the expression of activators ( plasminogen , tPA , MMP 2 , cathepsin D , antithrombin 3 ) and inhibitors ( alpha 2 antiplasmin , alpha 2 macroglobulin , alpha 1 antitrypsin , alpha 1 antichymotrypsin ) of proteolysis was studied immunohistochemically in the tumor epithelium semiquantitatively ( score 0 3 ) in addition to the uPA system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have investigated the expression and cellular localization of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor ( uPAR ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) as well as plasminogen activation in rat liver regeneration by recruitment of progenitor ( oval ) cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We present a systematic analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemical stainings for components of the plasminogen activation system , i . e . , uPA , tPA , PAI 1 , PAI 2 , and uPAR , on routinely processed ( formalin fixed , paraffin embedded ) tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MCF 7 cells were incubated on plastic or laminin coated wells , and medium and cell lysate aliquots were assayed for tissue type ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) by a chromogenic assay in combination with anti uPA antibodies . ^^^ Cells cultured on laminin displayed a 5 fold increase in tPA activity and a 2 fold decrease in uPA activity relative to cells on plastic . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Subsequently , antibodies against tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) increased NO production in endotoxin treated mixed glial cell cultures while amiloride , an inhibitor for urokinase ( uPA ) , had no effect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In situ hybridization analysis showed that the distribution and localization of mRNAs for tPA , uPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 were similar in the fetal membranes of human and rhesus monkey ; no obvious species difference was observed . ^^^ No detectable amount of mRNAs for tPA , uPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 was found in the fibroblast , reticular and spongy layers . ^^^ Distribution of the proteins of tPA , uPA and PAI 1 in the fetal membranes of these two species was consistent with the distribution of their mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treatment with 12 O tetradecanoylphorbol 13 acetate ( TPA ; 100 nM ) induced the mRNAs for TIMP 1 as well as for MMP 1 , MMP 9 , the uPA receptor , and the uPA inhibitor PAI 1 , amongst which only the responses of MMP 9 and PAI 1 were cell specific . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Plasma tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and the plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) were evaluated and compared with plasma 17 beta estradiol levels , ranging from 20 pg / mL to > 5 , 000 pg / mL during the course of treatment . ^^^ Furthermore , the levels of both tPA and uPA were still within normal ranges . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also measured urokinase type PA ( uPA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) , which may not be endothelium derived but share major clearance pathways with tPA . ^^^ In M > F transsexuals , mean plasma levels of tPA ( minus 4 . 4 ng / ml ) , big ET 1 ( minus 0 . 8 pg / ml ) , uPA ( minus 0 . 5 ng / ml ) and PAI 1 ( minus 26 ng / ml ) decreased ( all Ps < or =0 . 02 ) . ^^^ In F > M transsexuals , levels of big ET 1 increased ( plus 0 . 4 pg / ml ; P = 0 . 02 ) , while tPA , uPA and PAI 1 did not change ( all Ps > 0 . 25 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study examines the effect of intracerebral infusion of thrombolytics , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , and urokinase ( uPA ) , individually and in combination with thrombin . ^^^ RESULTS : Regardless of dose , when infused independently tPA ( 2 micrograms ) and uPA ( 2000 and 5000 Plough units ) failed to produce any significant tissue edema compared with vehicle control tissues . ^^^ In the context of ICH , our results suggest that the use of tPA or uPA to lyse clotted blood in brain parenchyma may promote edema formation in surrounding tissue . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This induced a dramatic decrease of free tPA in the cell medium and of membrane bound uPA , and a parallel increase of high molecular weight PA PAI complexes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Urokinase type and tissue type plasminogen activators ( uPA and tPA ) and PAI 1 were assayed in vascular SMC conditioned media and in cell lysates , using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To understand the hormonal regulation of the components of the plasminogen plasmin system in human breast cancer , we examined the oestradiol ( E 2 ) regulation of plasminogen activators ( PAs ) , namely urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and uPA receptor ( uPAR ) , in our model system . ^^^ Northern blot analysis showed that there was a concentration dependent down regulation of uPA , tPA and PAI 1 mRNAs by E 2 . ^^^ The E 2 also inhibited the expression and secretion of uPA , tPA and PAI 1 proteins as determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) in cell extracts ( CEs ) and conditioned media ( CM ) . ^^^ Thus , we now report the regulation of uPA , PAI 1 and tPA by E 2 in both mRNA and protein levels in ER transfectants . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The plasminogen activators tPA and uPA , and their inhibitors , PAI 1 and PAI 2 , have been associated with epithelial homeostasis and wound healing . ^^^ SDS PAGE fibrin zymography showed that addition of 1 microM hydrocortisone to cultures significantly reduced tPA fibrinolytic activity in both cell extracts and conditioned medium . uPA activity in conditioned medium was similarly inhibited . ^^^ Cells were also cultured in the presence of dibutyryl cyclic AMP ( dbcAMP ) . dbcAMP ( 5 mM ) alone enhanced uPA and tPA fibrinolytic activity in conditioned medium , but this increase was diminished in the presence of 1 microM hydrocortisone . ^^^ In contrast , uPA and tPA mRNA were unchanged over the same time course . uPA , tPA , and PAI 1 mRNA increased in the presence of dbcAMP ; levels remained elevated at least 8 h . ^^^ HC suppressed the induction of uPA and tPA by dbcAMP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cultured mesothelial cells produced tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and type 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) during unstimulated conditions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To test the role of both systems , expression of fibrinolytic and gelatinolytic activity was quantified after vascular injury in mice with targeted inactivation of tissue type Plg activator ( tPA / ) , urokinase type Plg activator ( uPA / ) , or Plg ( Plg / ) . ^^^ Neointima formation 1 week after vascular injury was impaired in uPA / and Plg / mice compared with wild type ( WT ) mice or tPA / mice ( reduction of neointimal area to 30 % and 10 % of WT , respectively ) . ^^^ One week after injury of the femoral artery , tPA mediated fibrinolytic activity in arterial sections or extracts of WT , uPA / , or Plg / mice was not altered , whereas uPA activity levels in tPA / and Plg / mice were 2 to 3 fold higher than in uninjured controls . ^^^ Active MMP 9 represented 20 % to 46 % of total MMP 9 in WT , tPA / , and uPA / mice but was not consistently detectable in Plg / mice . ^^^ Thus , the unaltered ratios of active and latent MMP 2 suggest that proMMP 2 activation may occur in the absence of tPA , uPA , or Plg , whereas no active MMP 9 was detected in the absence of Plg . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report that purified recombinant SERP 1 forms SDS stable complexes with urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , plasmin , thrombin , and factor Xa . ^^^ Kinetic analysis of the reactions with uPA , tPA , plasmin , thrombin , Xa , and C1s showed second order rate constants to vary over 3 logs , from kinh = 3 10 10 ( 5 ) M 1 s 1 with thrombin to approximately 600 M 1 s 1 with C1s , while steady state inhibition constants ranged from KI = 10 pM with thrombin to approximately 100 nM with C1s . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Proximal tubules freshly isolated from rats treated for 2 d with lovastatin ( 4 mg / kg per d ) showed increased tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase ( uPA ) activities and antigens . ^^^ Incubation with lovastatin ( 5 microM ) of proximal tubules isolated from untreated rats induced an increase in tPA and uPA and a decrease in plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) activities . ^^^ In vitro , supernatants , cytosols , and membranes of renal proximal tubular cells in primary cultures had no detectable uPA activity , and lovastatin ( 0 . 1 to 10 microM ) induced an increase in tPA and a decrease in PAI 1 activities and antigens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Northern analysis of hypoxic murine lung demonstrated an increase in PAI 1 mRNA compared with normoxic controls ; in contrast , transcripts for both tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) decreased under hypoxic conditions . ^^^ Furthermore , homozygous null uPA ( uPA / ) and tPA ( tPA / ) mice subjected to oxygen deprivation showed increased fibrin deposition compared with wild type controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : The activation of the zymogen plasminogen to the serine protease plasmin by urokinase type ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) plasminogen activators ( PA ) is an important event in a variety of physiologic and pathophysiologic processes in mammals . ^^^ METHODS : Three days prior to pellet implantation , groups of C57Bl / 6 wild type , uPA deficient ( upA / ) , and tPA deficient ( tPA / ) mice received IM ( 300 mg / kg ) , IM ( 500 mg / kg ) , or vehicle ( 0 . 5 % carboxymethylcellulose ) via oral gavage . ^^^ RESULTS : IM treatment ( 300 and 500 mg / kg / day ) resulted in a dose dependent reduction of angiogenesis in wild type mice by 21 and 45 . 3 % ( P < 0 . 02 , P < 0 . 001 ) , in tPA deficient mice by 42 . 6 and 46 % ( P < 0 . 001 , P < 0 . 001 ) , and in uPA deficient mice by 27 . 2 and 46 % ( P < 0 . 05 , p < 0 . 001 ) , respectively . ^^^ CONCLUSION : IM inhibits bFGF induced angiogenesis in wild type , tPA knockout , and uPA knockout mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cytokine effects did not correlate with expression on astrocytes of laminin , fibronectin , tenascin , chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan , N cadherin , polysialyated NCAM ( PSA NCAM ) , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) or urokinase ( uPA ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutational studies previously showed that Asp 97 is crucial for the plasminogenolytic activity of TSV PA , here we identify the conservation of Asp 97 in both types of mammalian plasminogen activator tissue type ( tPA ) and urokinase type ( uPA ) . ^^^ It seems likely that Asp 97 of tPA and uPA will have a similar role in plasminogen recognition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The PAI 2 was originally detected in the human placenta , which inhibits urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) while it is unable to inhibit tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we investigated the in vivo effect of theobromine on angiogenic activity of human urothelial cell line HCV 29 , 5 raf transfected ( mouse cutaneous assay ) , and the in vitro effect of this drug on VEGF , tPA , uPA and PAI mRNA expression in these cells ( RT PCR method ) . ^^^ Theobromine suppressed angiogenesis induced in mice by HCV 29 5 raf cells , inhibited VEGF mRNA expression , and had no effect on transcription of uPA and tPA in these cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells synthesize tissue type and urokinase type PA ( tPA and uPA ) and their major physiological inhibitor , PAI 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the effect of CsA therapy on the regulation of fibrinolysis in kidney graft recipients by measuring plasma concentration and activity of plasminogen activators ( tPA , uPA ) and their inhibitors ( PAI 1 , 2 ) . ^^^ We found an increase in tPA activity and in PAI 1 concentration as well as a decrease in PAI 1 activity in renal allograft recipients as compared to healthy controls , but did not confirm a correlation between these observations and CsA administration . tPA and PAI 2 concentrations as well as uPA activity did not significantly differ between the studied groups . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Given the trophic effects of relaxin on the pig uterus and cervix , the present study was designed to examine the impact of relaxin on urokinase and tissue type plasminogen activator ( uPA and tPA ) protein and activity in the uterus and cervix of prepubertal pigs . ^^^ Immunoreactive uPA and tPA protein in uterine flushes and uterine and cervical tissue was detected by western blotting . ^^^ Cell associated uterine tissue uPA and tPA activity , as well as protein , were similar in relaxin treated and control prepubertal pigs . ^^^ In the cervix , cell associated tPA activity decreased significantly ( P < 0 . 05 ) in relaxin treated animals , while cervical uPA activity was unchanged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Despite similar chemical formulas , the inhibitors exhibit a range of diverse binding modes that reflect their inhibitory spectra against the serine proteinases trypsin , thrombin , factor Xa , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase ( uPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MC were examined by Giemsa staining and by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against tryptase , chymase , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase ( uPA ) , urokinase receptor ( uPAR ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Finally , the expression of both urokinase plasminogen activator ( UPA ) and its receptor ( UPAR ) were induced after TPA treatment by 8 and 7 fold , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The plasminogen activator system consists of two proteins : tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , which act upon their specific receptors to generate plasmin from plasminogen located on the cell surface . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue type and urokinase type plasminogen activators ( tPA and uPA ) distribute broadly in the brain . tPA and uPA exert a variety of functions during development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) could be detected in the basal stratum of the cholesteatoma matrix and in the surrounding granulation tissue , while tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) was not detectable at all . ^^^ Neither uPA , tPA , nor the PAIs could be detected in tympanic membrane controls ; ear canal skin showed the same staining pattern as cholesteatoma only for PAI 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present paper we first compared the expression levels of uPA , tPA , PAI 1 and uPAR in a compound group consisting of 33 cancer lesions of various origin ( breast , lung , colon , cervix and melanoma ) as quantitated by ELISA and semi quantitated by IHC . ^^^ Spearman correlation coefficients between IHC results and ELISA results for uPA , tPA , PAI 1 and uPAR varied between 0 . 41 and 0 . 78 , and were higher for the compound group and the breast cancer group than for the melanoma group . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Studies carried out over the past 10 years in a number of laboratories have elucidated some of the biochemical events related to the function and regulation of the PA system in the ovary : hormone induced proteolytic activity provided by tissue type PA ( tPA ) and modulated by PAI 1 in the preovulatory follicles is responsible for a controlled and directed proteolysis leading to rupture of selected follicles during ovulation , whereas the coordinated expression of urokinase type PA ( uPA ) and PAI 1 in the early growing follicle may be important in ECM degradation during cell proliferation and migration ; the PA system may also play a role in the control of corpus luteum ( CL ) development through an autocrine or paracrine mechanism . ^^^ Increase in tPA and PAI 1 expression in CL at a later stage is well correlated with a sharp decrease in CL progesterone production , while the increase in uPA mRNA levels and activity in the early stage of CL development is correlated with an increase in progesterone secretion . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
ELISA for complexes of urokinase type and tissue type plasminogen activators with their type 1 inhibitor ( uPA PAI 1 and tPA PAI 1 ) . ^^^ An ELISA has been developed for the assessment of complexes between the urokinase type ( uPA ) and the tissue type plasminogen ( tPA ) activators with their inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) in cell culture medium and cytosolic extracts of breast tumours . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Specific monkey cRNA and antibodies against human tPA , uPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 were used as probes . ^^^ It is possible that both decidual and extravillous trophoblast cells of placentae of human and rhesus monkey are capable of producing tPA , uPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 to differing extents . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we showed that although the antigenic levels of PCI in two seminal plasma samples from patients with infertility were normal or slightly elevated , their inhibitory activities toward urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) were absent . ^^^ In contrast , uPA and tPA proteolytic activities in these two samples were 20 60 fold higher than that from normal volunteers . ^^^ Western blotting also showed that most of the intact PCI molecules , in normal samples , formed complexes with either uPA or tPA but there was no complex formed in one of the two patient samples and very little complex was observed in the other , suggesting that PCI in the two patient samples is inactive . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The presence of the two plasminogen activators ( PAs ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and their inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) in bone cells , suggests a role in one or more aspects of bone resorption such as osteoclast formation , mineral dissolution , and degradation of the organic matrix . ^^^ These different processes were assayed in vitro using cells derived from mice with either tPA ( tPA / ) , uPA ( uPA / ) , PAI 1 ( PAI 1 / ) inactivation or with a combined inactivation ( tPA / : uPA / ) and compared with wild type mice ( WT ) . ^^^ Second , dentine resorption , an assay for osteoclast activity , was not affected by the combined deficiency of both tPA and uPA . ^^^ Finally , the ability to degrade nonmineralized bone like matrix was however , significantly reduced in tPA / : uPA / cells compared with WT cells ( 28 . 1 + / 0 . 6 % , n = 6 vs . 56 . 4 + / 3 . 1 % , n = 6 , respectively , p < 0 . 0001 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vivo analysis of the state of the human uPA enhancer following stimulation by TPA . ^^^ These results indicate that TPA induces the binding of transcription factors to the uPA enhancer without chromatin remodelling of this region . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Changes in urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue like plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) immunoreactivity were also assessed . ^^^ Endothelial tPA immunoreactivity decreased significantly after irradiation ( P < 0 . 001 ) , whereas uPA and PAI 1 immunoreactivity levels appeared to be unchanged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) plasma levels appear unrelated to restenosis , and data regarding a possible role of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) in circulation are not available at present . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results suggest that uPA , tPA , and tPA PAI are all produced by bovine COCs , but only uPA by oocytes , during maturation in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Medroxyprogesterone acetate ( MPA ) inhibited the catalytic activity of urokinase type PA ( uPA ) and tissue type PA ( tPA ) as well as the expression of such MMPs as interstitial collagenase ( MMP 1 ) and stromelysin 1 ( MMP 3 ) . ^^^ By altering the composition of the ECM of the luteal phase endometrium , progestin elicited inhibition of the PAs , uPA and tPA , as well as that of the MMPs , MMP 1 and MMP 3 , modulates trophoblast adhesion , migration and differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we investigated the expression of tPA and uPA activities in chronic venous ulcer biopsies . ^^^ RESULTS : tPA is the main PA activity in uninvolved skin but was reduced in ulcer margin skin and venous leg ulcer tissue compared to normal skin . uPA activity appeared throughout the ulcer margin skin but was at low levels in normal skin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) , a member of the serine protein family , is the most active in vivo inhibitor of fibrinolysis induced by plasminogen , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have investigated the in vivo and in vitro regulation of the human urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) gene by interleukin 1 ( IL 1 ) and analyzed the transcription factors and signalling pathways involved in the response of the 2 . 0 kb uPA enhancer to IL 1 induction and to tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate ( TPA ) induction . ^^^ Both the IL 1 and the TPA mediated induction result in a drastic increase of AP 1 binding to the downstream site of the enhancer ( uPA 3 ' TPA responsive element ) , while a mostly qualitative change , resulting from the interplay between ATF 2 homodimers and c Jun ATF 2 heterodimers , takes place at the upstream AP 1 element . ^^^ The analysis of two distinct mitogen activated protein kinase pathways shows that stress activated protein kinase Jun N terminal kinase activation , resulting in the phosphorylation of ATF 2 , c Jun , and JunD , is required not only for the IL 1 but also for the TPA dependent induction , while the extracellular signal related kinase 1 ( ERK 1 ) and ERK 2 activation is involved in the TPA but not in the IL 1 dependent stimulation of the uPA enhancer . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study used mice with modifications of the thrombomodulin ( TM ) gene , the tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) gene , and the urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) gene . ^^^ The results revealed that tPA played the most important role in local regulation of fibrin deposition in the heart , with lesser contributions by TM and uPA ( least significant ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two such proteases are tissue type ( tPA ) and urokinase type ( uPA ) plasminogen activators . ^^^ In this study , we examined the effect of retinoic acid ( RA ) on uPA and tPA secretion in the highly metastatic C 8161 and the poorly metastatic Hs294T human melanoma cell lines using a specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) detection system , and correlated this production with RA receptor ( RAR ) expression . ^^^ Over a range of dilutions , we were able to show that the highly metastatic C 8161 cells secreted 0 . 95 ng of uPA / cell compared with 4 . 41 fg / cell for the Hs294T cells , whereas the Hs294T cells secreted 24 . 5 fg of tPA / cell compared with 4 . 35 fg / cell for the C 8161 cells . ^^^ This suggests that another mechanism must exist to regulate the RA modulation of tPA and uPA secretion in these cell lines that does not require RAR alpha expression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : Cathepsin B ( CATB ) and cathepsin L ( CATL ) , which are cysteine proteases , urokinase ( UPA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( TPA ) , both serine proteases , and their inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) are believed to play an important role in colorectal carcinoma ( CRC ) invasion and metastasis . ^^^ The objective of this study was to measure CATB , CATL , UPA , TPA , and PAI 1 in the same cancerous tissue ( CANCER ) and in tissues obtained from a tumor free area ( NORMAL ) to compare their respective prognostic roles in patients with CRC . ^^^ RESULTS : Significantly higher antigen levels were found : 1 ) in CANCER versus NORMAL ( with respect to CATL , UPA , and PAI 1 , with significantly lower levels for TPA ) ; 2 ) in CRC with versus without metastasis ( CATB , CATL , and PAI 1 ) ; 3 ) in poorly versus well differentiated CRC ( UPA and PAI 1 ) ; and 4 ) in advanced Dukes stages ( PAI 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The serine proteinase plasmin is , together with tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , involved in the dissolution of blood clots in a fibrin dependent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Stage 17 / 18 chicken atrioventricular tissue lysates converted plasminogen into plasmin through uPA activity but no tissue type plasminogen activator activity was detected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Only 15 % of ER ve / PR ve patients were classified as pS 2 + ve compared with 83 % of those who were ER + ve / PR + ve . pS 2 was also directly correlated with high expression of tPA and inversely with uPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TPA treatment also causes secretion of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and expression of its receptor ( uPAR ) , which activates plasminogen to plasmin and may digest extracellular domains of desmosomes and hemidesmosomes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There is evidence that serine proteases , such as tissue plasminogen activator ( TPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( UPA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) , are involved in this process . ^^^ Vitreous levels of VEGF , TPA , UPA , and PAI were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Changes in the expression of this system , consisting of urokinase and tissue type plasminogen activators ( uPA and tPA , respectively ) , plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) and uPA receptor , have been associated with tumour aggressiveness in a variety of solid malignant tumours . ^^^ At variance with uPA , tPA transcripts were found in atypical epithelial cells of low and high grade SILs . ^^^ Moreover , the presence of uPA transcripts is indicative of early invasive growth . uPA and tPA seem to have different functions in the development of invasive properties in uterine cervical squamous epithelium . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gene expression for plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , urokinase and tissue plasminogen activators ( uPA and tPA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator receptor ( uPAR ) , and transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) was examined by Northern analysis . ^^^ RESULTS : At 6 weeks , when fibrosis had occurred , uPA and uPAR mRNAs had increased 2 . 8 fold and 1 . 8 fold , respectively ; PAI 1 and tPA mRNA levels were unchanged . ^^^ At the cirrhotic stage ( 9 to 12 weeks ) , mRNA levels for PAI 1 , uPA , uPAR and tPA were all increased . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Though increased uPA and uPAR may act on matrix degradation in fibrotic liver , increased PAI 1 together with uPA , uPAR and tPA are associated with overall inhibition of matrix degradation in cirrhotic liver . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the production by leukaemic cells of plasminogen activators [ urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue type PA ( tPA ) ] , cell surface receptor for uPA ( uPAR ) and PA inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) . ^^^ High levels of uPA mRNA were found in M 1 , M 2 , M 3 and M 4 M5 AMLs , whereas tPA mRNA was not detected in any of the analysed cases . uPAR mRNA was confined to subtypes M 4 M5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In RT PCR experiments , tissue type PA ( tPA ) mRNA levels in both aged hGF and rGF were higher than in young cells , whereas plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) mRNA remained unchanged and urotype PA ( uPA ) mRNA was not detected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MATERIALS AND METHODS : In the present study , we determined the plasma concentrations of tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , PAI 2 , and uPA receptor ( uPAR ) in 25 patients with ovarian cancer , 16 patients with benign gynecologic tumor or inflammation , and 36 healthy controls in order to find out whether the plasma levels of these markers could be used to evaluate the prognostic value in patients with gynecologic cancers . ^^^ Tissue concentrations of uPA , PAI 1 , and PAI 2 were significantly higher and tPA significantly lower in the malignant tumor tissue than in the cut end tissue in the patients with ovarian cancer ( P = 0 . 014 , 0 . 03 , 0 . 002 , and 0 . 01 , respectively ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The use of amiloride , a selective urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) inhibitor , shows that 90 % of this activity was due to a tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and 10 % to uPA whereas in the uterus 100 % of the activity was tPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Epithelioid SMC , but not swirling SMC , secreted MMP 2 in response to uPA and tPA . ^^^ Epithelioid SMC produced small amounts of uPA and tPA in control cultures , but these proteinase secretions were enhanced by bFGF and PDGF . ^^^ On the other hand , control swirling SMC secreted large amounts of uPA and tPA , which were reduced by the growth factors . ^^^ In both cell types , the secretion of PAI 1 was stimulated by bFGF and PDGF , as well as by uPA and tPA . ^^^ Furthermore , in both cell types , the secretion of TIMP 2 was enhanced by tPA and PDGF , but not by uPA or bFGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To study this supposition , we investigated immunohistochemically the expression of tPA , uPA and its receptor , the plasminogen activator inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 , tetranectin as well as the laminin breakdown as an event of secondary brain injury . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Aged hPLF cells produced a significantly higher PA activity when compared with those of young hPLF cells in response to MTF in a time and magnitude dependent manner . tPA mRNA levels in aged cells were higher than those in young cells , whereas PAI 1 mRNA remained unchanged and uPA mRNA was not detected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Results obtained from in vitro experiments showed that urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) can cleave single chain HGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In fact , whereas in the rat , gonadotropins stimulate tissue type PA ( tPA ) production , the same hormonal stimulation induces urokinase PA ( uPA ) secretion in mouse cells . ^^^ After hormonal stimulation , an increase in uPA and tPA activity was observed in both cell types . ^^^ Surprisingly , only tPA mRNA increased in a time dependent manner in both cell types , while uPA mRNA increased only in TI cells and actually decreased in granulosa cells . ^^^ Moreover , the ability of antibodies anti tPA and anti uPA to significantly inhibit ovulation only when coinjected with hCG confirmed that the PA contribution to ovulation occurs at the initial steps . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) are very similar serine proteases with the same physiological function , the activation of plasminogen . ^^^ An increased amount or activity of uPA but not tPA has been detected in human cancers . ^^^ It has been found that amiloride competitively inhibits the catalytic activity of uPA but not tPA . ^^^ There are structural differences in the specificity pocket of uPA and tPA . ^^^ A region responsible for binding amiloride to tPA has been proposed as the loop B 93 B101 , reached in negatively charged amino acids present in tPA but not uPA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therapeutically useful inhibitors must be selective for uPA and not appreciably inhibit the related , and structurally and functionally similar enzyme , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , involved in the vital blood clotting cascade . ^^^ The K ( 1 ) values of each inhibitor toward uPA , tPA , trypsin , tryptase , thrombin and factor Xa were determined and compared . ^^^ One selectivity determinant of the benzo [ b ] thiophene 2 carboxamidines for uPA involves a hydrogen bond at the S 1 site to Ogamma ( Ser 190 ) that is absent in the Ala 190 proteases , tPA , thrombin and factor Xa . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The interaction of fibrinolytic components with platelets or coagulation factors after endothelial injury , was investigated in mouse deficient in tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA / ) , or urokinase ( uPA / ) and in their wild type control ( tPA + / + , uPA + / + ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The protein expression of tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) was up regulated , while the free form of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) was not detected . ^^^ Consistent with these findings , results obtained with zymograph assay also revealed that tPA activity , but not uPA activity , was up regulated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The protease , plasmin , can activate TGF beta , and activated T cells can express a receptor for the plasmin producing enzyme urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and can also produce both uPA and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) . ^^^ We observed that Abs to tPA or uPA can replace anti TGF beta mAb for the restoration of donor reactive DTH responses in allograft acceptor mice . ^^^ Histologic analysis revealed that accepted cardiac allografts express uPA , tPA , and active TGF beta , whereas accepted cardiac isografts express only tPA , but not uPA or activated TGF beta . ^^^ These data demonstrate that local tPA and uPA contribute to DTH regulation in allograft acceptor mice and suggest that these elements of the fibrinolytic pathway are used to control donor reactive cell mediated immunity in allograft acceptor mice . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we report that aggregated , but not nonaggregated , Abeta increases the level of the mRNAs encoding tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) . ^^^ Moreover , tPA and uPA were also upregulated in aged AbetaP overexpressing mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , the levels of secreted plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) were markedly higher , while no apparent differences were seen in the levels of active uPA and tPa between EGF R ( / ) and wild type pancreata . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since reported data have indicated that plasminogen activators ( uPA and tPA ) were able to excise the angiostatin fragment from the plasminogen parent molecule via plasmin generation , we determined levels of uPA and tPA and PAI 1 antigen in the conditioned media , and correlated the results with angiostatin generating capacity . ^^^ Whereas prostate and bladder carcinoma lines capable of generating high levels of angiostatin showed high uPA levels , angiostatin generation in melanoma cell lines was correlated with tPA levels . ^^^ Generally , angiostatin non producers did not express uPA or tPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase ( uPA ) levels were unchanged . ^^^ As cells entered crisis , there was a rapid and significant increase in the levels of tPA , uPA , and PAl and this was observed for all clones screened . ^^^ Both isoforms ( alpha and beta ) of IL 1 ( interleukin 1 ) increased as cells approached crisis , and the presence of these cytokines may be responsible for the increased levels of tPA , PAI , and uPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We explored the role of urokinase and tissue type plasminogen activators ( uPA and tPA ) , as well as the uPA receptor ( uPAR ; CD 87 ) in mouse severe malaria ( SM ) , using genetically deficient ( / ) mice . ^^^ The mortality resulting from Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection was delayed in uPA ( / ) and uPAR ( / ) mice but was similar to that of the wild type ( + / + ) in tPA ( / ) mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We demonstrate here that SPI 3 protein expressed by transcription / translation in vitro is able to form SDS stable complexes with the serine proteinases plasmin , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , consistent with inhibitory activity of the serpin . ^^^ Mutation of Arg 340 / Ser 341 at the predicted P1 / P1 ' sites within the RCL prevented the formation of complexes between SPI 3 and plasmin , uPA , or tPA , suggesting that the arginine at the P 1 position was required for complex formation . ^^^ SPI 3 protein lacking the N terminal signal peptide was purified by means of an N terminal His ( 10 ) tag and gave complete inhibition in vitro of plasmin , uPA , and tPA and partial inhibition of factor Xa . ^^^ The inhibition constants of SPI 3 for plasmin , uPA , and tPA were determined to be 0 . 64 , 0 . 51 , and 1 . 9 nM , respectively , very similar to the corresponding K ( 1 ) values of SERP1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) have been used for thrombolitic therapy . ^^^ Tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) have been used for thrombolitic therapy . ^^^ The activation and the function of tPA and uPA are less understood in ischemic brain tissue . ^^^ Therefore , changes in tPA and uPA mRNA in rat brain tissue after MCA occlusion and in the neuronal cell line , PC 12 cells , during the hypoxic stimulation were examined . ^^^ The mRNA levels of tPA and uPA were significantly increased after MCA occlusion in the ischemic cerebral cortex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In untreated animals both tPA and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) activity was significantly increased within the region of infarct by 6 hours after reperfusion . ^^^ Activity of tPA then decreased to control levels by 72 hours , whereas uPA activity continued to rise and was dramatically increased by 72 hours . ^^^ Both tPA and uPA activity were significantly reduced in neuroserpin treated animals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Proteinase ( matrix metalloproteinase 1 ( MMP 1 ) , MMP 2 , MMP 3 , MMP 9 , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and tissue type PA ( tPA ) ) and inhibitor ( tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases ; TIMP 1 and TIMP 2 ) expression and proteinase activity were compared using substrate zymography , western blotting , immunohistochemistry , and quenched fluorescent substrate hydrolysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A significant dose dependent inhibition of uPA activity was observed after treatment with retinol , while no significant effect was detected upon tPA secretion . ^^^ The analysis of the mRNA levels revealed that retinol induces an inhibition of the steady state levels of uPA mRNA without affecting those of tPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Generation of the serine proteinase plasmin from the extracellular zymogen plasminogen can be catalyzed by either of two other serine proteinases , the urokinase and tissue type plasminogen activators ( uPA and tPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For this purpose , the presence and enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinases ( MMP 2 , MMP 9 ) , tissue inhibitors of MMPs ( TIMP 1 , TIMP 2 ) , urokinase type ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) plasminogen activators ( PAs ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) were quantified by western blot and gelatin or plasminogen casein zymography . ^^^ Levels of PAs ( uPA and tPA ) as well as PAI 1 were both lower in varicose veins ( p < 0 . 005 ) , with minimal change in the PAI / PA ratio . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Some neutrophils and monocyte / macrophages in the fibrin layer were immunostained for tPA , uPA , uPAR , and MMP 1 , 2 and 3 . ^^^ Some multi nucleated giant cells were immunostained for MMP 7 and 9 , tPA , PAI 1 , uPA , and uPAR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of this study was to analyse the distribution pattern and activity level of urokinase type ( uPA ) and tissue type plasminogen activators ( tPA ) in normal skin and in tissue biopsies of progressing stages of CVI , prior to and including venous ulceration . ^^^ Changes in the enzymatic activity and spatial localization of uPA and tPA during the progression of CVI were examined using in situ histological zymography . ^^^ Normal skin and skin with telangiectases showed a punctate PA activity , consisting of both uPA and tPA activity . ^^^ As CVI progressed , an increase in the distribution of uPA and a decrease in tPA activity was observed . ^^^ However , leg ulcer specimens exhibited peak levels of uPA with little tPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The assay is suitable for accurate measurement of plasminogen in samples obtained from animals containing pharmacological concentrations of uPA or tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) in their plasma when in vitro plasminogen activation is blocked at pH 5 by collecting blood in acidic anticoagulant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , uPA ( / ) and tissue type plasminogen activator tPA ( / ) mice , but not uPAR ( / ) mice , showed a marked impairment in pulmonary fibrinolysis throughout the experimental period . ^^^ These data indicate that uPA contributes to endogenous fibrinolysis in the pulmonary vasculature to the same extent as tPA in this model system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interestingly , in cell free solutions , maspin does not inhibit several serine proteases including tissue type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We compared two methods that measure plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) activity in plasma based on the ability of PAI to inhibit tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) or urokinase ( uPA ) in order to determine which method most accurately measures plasma PAI activity after stressors , like hemorrhage . ^^^ Using standard curves derived from rhPAI 1 , we found that the tPA PAI assay was more sensitive than the uPA PAI assay . ^^^ However , we measured a 10 fold difference in PAI activity as measured between assays , suggesting that some endogenous plasma constituents ( tPA , uPA , plasminogen or plasmin ) may interfere with the accurate determination of PAI activity . ^^^ Furthermore , increasing plasma volume in either assay increases measured plasma tPA , but not uPA . ^^^ Finally , plasma tPA is elevated after hemorrhage , whereas plasma uPA is not . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this paper we describe the expression of the tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and the uPA receptor ( uPAR ) , in normal and atheromatous human vascular tissue obtained at coronary and peripheral vascular surgery . tPA , uPA , PAI 1 and uPAR antigens were localised by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ Vessel homogenates were used to quantitate tPA , uPA and PAI 1 antigens as well as uPA and PAI 1 activities using immunoassay and immunoactivity assays , respectively . ^^^ In situ hybridisation ( tPA , uPA and PAI 1 ) was used to localise mRNA . ^^^ In normal saphenous vein or internal mammary artery , expression of tPA , uPA and PAI expression is associated with endothelium and with intimal or medial smooth muscle cells , but expression is at a low level . uPAR protein was seen on the endothelium of normal saphenous vein or internal mammary artery but absent on the smooth muscle cells . ^^^ In complex atheroma tPA , uPA , PAI and uPAR proteins were associated with the endothelium , groups of smooth muscle cells ( in the intima and around vascular channels , but not with the media ) , infiltrating mononuclear cells , and also with acellular areas . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we report the use of a tailored one chain recombinant Vn , a specific protein kinase A phosphorylation at Ser 378 , and sequence analysis to show : ( 1 ) that none of the proteinases originating from blood , previously thought to be the endogenous proteinase ( plasmin , thrombin , tPA , and uPA ) , is indeed the in vivo convertase ; and ( 2 ) that furin , a serine endoproteinase residing in the secretory pathway of hepatocytes , where Vn is synthesized , specifically cleaves Vn at the endogenous cleavage site . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate whether the course of primary melanoma disease correlates with expression of the various components of the proteolytic plasminogen activation ( PA ) system , immunohistochemical stainings for activators of plasminogen ( tissue type ( tPA ) and urokinase type ( uPA ) ) , inhibitors of plasminogen activation ( type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and type 2 ( PAI 2 ) ) and the receptor for uPA ( uPAR ) were performed on 214 routinely processed melanoma lesions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : The expression of uPA , uPAR , the tissue type plasminogen activator , and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 and PAI 2 was investigated using reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the role of the individual activators ( urokinase [ uPA ] and tissue plasminogen [ tPA ] activators ) and inhibitors ( plasminogen activator inhibitor [ PAI 1 ] ) of the fibrinolytic system in maintaining patency after coronary artery angioplasty and stenting is unclear . ^^^ Antigen and activity assays were performed for uPA , tPA , and PAI 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We assessed plasminogen activator ( uPA and tPA ) and inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) expression in rat iliofemoral arteries after balloon injury using Western blot , enzyme activity , and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fibrin autography showed that plasminogen dependent fibrinolytic activity occurred at M ( r ) of 110 kDa , which represents a complex of tPA with PAI 1 , and 65 and 55 kDa bands corresponding to tPA and uPA , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Deprivation of these two amino acids decreased the secretion of urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) while plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 and 2 were increased in these cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) is a serpin protease inhibitor that binds plasminogen activators ( uPA and tPA ) at a reactive center loop located at the carboxyl terminal amino acid residues 320 351 . ^^^ The region we maintained corresponds to amino acids 80 265 of mature human PAI 1 containing binding sites for vitronectin , heparin ( partial ) , uPA , tPA , fibrin , thrombin , and the helix F region . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To define the interaction of fibrinolytic components with platelets or coagulation factors on thrombus formation , we investigated mouse deficient in tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA / ) or urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA / ) and in their wild type control ( tPA + / + , uPA + / + ) . ^^^ Thus the lack of tPA , but not of uPA , significantly affects antithrombotic efficacy . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Levels of tissue and urokinase plasminogen activator ( t PA and uPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and type 2 ( PAI 2 ) mRNA and protein were assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( Q RT PCR ) and ELISA , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Concentrations of the fibrinolytic components tPA and urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tPA activity and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) concentration were measured by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Water and ion binding around r ( UpA ) 12 and d ( TpA ) 12 oligomers comparison with RNA and DNA ( CpG ) 12 duplexes . ^^^ The structural and dynamic properties of the water and ion first coordination shell of the r ( A U ) and d ( A T ) base pairs embedded within the r ( UpA ) 12 and d ( TpA ) 12 duplexes are described on the basis of two 2 . 4 ns molecular dynamics simulations performed in a neutralizing aqueous environment with 0 . 25 M added KCl . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We define the expression of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and type 2 ( PAI 2 ) , the receptor for uPA ( uPAR ) and fibrin / fibrinogen in monkey implantation sites . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
AIMS : To plasminogen activator system ( PAS ) consists of the plasminogen activators ( urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) plasminogen activators ) , the uPA receptor ( uPAR ) , and the plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , after the incubation of PAI 1 with SP 40 , 40 at 37 degrees C for 1 h , PAI 1 could still form a complex with tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , and it inhibited plasmin formation in the mixture of plasminogen and urine plasminogen activator ( uPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase ( uPA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) in bile were measured by enzyme linked immunoassay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
After 24 hours ' incubation , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) were measured in the medium and cell lysates using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay techniques . ^^^ MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Concentrations of tPA , uPA , and PAI 1 , and their specific gene transcripts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Based on the properties of plasminogen activators in liver cell proliferation and tissue proteolysis , we explored the regulatory role of tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) in liver repair . ^^^ Using carbon tetrachloride ( CCl ( 4 ) ) intoxication as a model of acute liver injury , we found that tPA deficient mice displayed a mild defect in hepatic repair , whereas livers of uPA deficient mice had a more substantial delay in repair , with injury of centrilobular hepatocytes persisting up to 14 days after CCl ( 4 ) . ^^^ Notably , functional cooperativity between plasminogen activators was strongly inferred from the profound reparative defect in livers of mice lacking tPA and uPA simultaneously , with persistence of centrilobular injury as far out as 35 days . ^^^ These data demonstrate that tPA and uPA play a critical role in hepatic repair via proteolysis of matrix elements and clearance of cellular debris from the field of injury . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activators urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) are extracellular proteases involved in various tissue remodeling processes . ^^^ The role of plasminogen activators in skeletal muscle regeneration in vivo in wild type , uPA deficient , and tPA deficient mice is investigated here . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
After this , the expressions of the components of the plasminogen activator system including urokinase type and tissue type plasminogen activator ( uPA and tPA ) , urokinase receptor ( uPAR ) , and type 1 and type 2 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) in strain 95D and 95C cells were determined by RT PCR and immunohistochemical staining . ^^^ The high metastatic strain 95D cells expressed higher uPA and uPAR and lower tPA and PAI 2 than the low metastatic strain 95C cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Single deficiency of uPA , tissue type PA ( tPA ) , uPA receptor , or VN , as well as combined deficiencies of uPA and tPA did not impair tumor angiogenesis , whereas lack of Plg reduced it . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plg was required for the ASR , since a deficiency of the Plg activators , urokinase ( uPA ) or tissue Plg activator ( tPA ) , did not cause a reduction in the ASR compared to their WT control . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 ( TFPI 2 ) is a Kunitz type serine protease inhibitor that inhibits plasmin , trypsin , chymotrypsin , cathepsin G and plasma kallikrein but not urokinase ( uPA ) or tissue type plasminogen activator and thrombin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PURPOSE : Plasmin generation is controlled by the plasminogen activators ( PA ) / plasmin system , which comprises proteases ( urokinase type PA [ uPA ] and tissue type PA [ tPA ] ) and antiproteases ( PA inhibitors , PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To further clarify the source and possible role of PA in semen , the present study was undertaken to examine : ( 1 ) whether the mRNAs for tissue type PA ( tPA ) , urokinase type PA ( uPA ) , and PA inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) are expressed in epididymis , seminal vesicle and prostate gland of rhesus monkeys ; and ( 2 ) whether PA has some effect on in vitro sperm capacitation as judged by the potential of sperm motility , acrosome reaction ( AR ) and in vitro fertilization . ^^^ Our results showed that ( 1 ) mRNAs for PA and PAI 1 were expressed in epididymis , seminal vesicle and prostate gland , and ( 2 ) uPA , but not tPA , improved sperm mobility , induced AR and enhanced sperm capacity to fertilize mature eggs . ^^^ Thus , it is concluded that PA activity in semen comes not only from testis and epididymis , but also from seminal vesicle and prostate gland ; and that uPA , but not tPA , may play a role in sperm capacitation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Nave mice intracorneally infected with P . aeruginosa showed a temporally enhanced expression of tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , its receptor ( uPAR ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) , over a several day holding period . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : The endogenous expressions of tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase ( uPA ) , and PA inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) were quantified in 10 microm frozen sections from ischemic and matched nonischemic basal ganglia and in the plasma of 34 male healthy nonhuman primates before and after middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCA : O ) . ^^^ RESULTS : Within the ischemic basal ganglia , tissue uPA activity and antigen increased significantly within 1 hour after MCA : O ( 2P < 0 . 005 ) . tPA activity transiently decreased 2 hours after MCA : O ( 2P=0 . 01 ) in concert with an increase in PAI 1 antigen ( 2P=0 . 001 ) but otherwise did not change . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : The rapid increase in endogenous PA activity is mainly due to significant increases in uPA , but not tPA , within the ischemic basal ganglia after MCA : O . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : The expression and the functional state of the urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , the tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , the urokinase receptor ( CD 87 ) , the plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) were assayed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction , Western blot , fibrin zymography and immunohistochemistry analyses in tissue samples of lipodermatosclerosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The number of sensory neurons expressing urokinase PA receptor ( uPAR ) mRNA levels increased above sham levels by 8 hr after crush , whereas the number of sensory neurons expressing uPA and tissue PA ( tPA ) mRNAs was significantly increased by 3 d after crush . ^^^ PA mRNA levels were also increased at the crush site , with uPA mRNA elevated by 8 hr after crush and tPA and uPAR mRNA levels markedly increased by 7 d . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mice lacking tPA , uPA , or plasminogen genes showed delayed functional recovery after sciatic nerve crush . ^^^ These proteases include the plasminogen activators ( PAs ) , tissue PA ( tPA ) and urokinase PA ( uPA ) , and their substrate , plasminogen . ^^^ To further assess the role of the PA system during peripheral nerve regeneration , PA dependent activity as well as recovery of sensory and motor function in the injured hindlimb were assessed in wild type , tPA , uPA , and plasminogen knock out mice . ^^^ Protease activity visualized by gel zymography showed that after nerve crush , the upregulation of PA activity in the tPA and uPA knock out mice was delayed compared with wild type mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MCs reacted with monoclonal antibodies to tryptase , chymase , and c kit / CD117 and stained positively for tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase receptor ( uPAR / CD87 ) but did not express detectable urokinase ( uPA ) or plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
AIMS : Weak staining for urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , or plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) confined to crescents has been described in a few cases of severe crescentic glomerulonephritis . ^^^ METHODS AND RESULTS : We examined uPA , tPA and PAI 1 mRNA expression in 12 renal biopsies with crescentic glomerulonephritis , and in six control renal biopsies with no detectable abnormalities by RNA in situ hybridization . ^^^ The expressions of uPA , tPA and PAI 1 proteins were also assessed by immunofluorescence . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Enzyme immunoassay ( ELISA ) was used to estimate the levels of plasminogen activators of urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue ( tPA ) types and one of their inhibitors ( PAI 1 ) in the cytosolic fraction of the thyroid in 129 patients with malignant and benign tumors and various non cancer diseases of the gland . ^^^ Tumors from patients with thyroid cancer displayed the lowest levels of tPA and the highest levels of uPA and PAI 1 , while those from patients with benign thyroid diseases , including adenoma , had high concentrations of tPA and relatively low levels of uPA and PAI 1 in the tissue of the diseased organ . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Laminar flow ( 1 ml / min ) induced a reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and significantly inhibited the expression of plasminogen activators [ tissue type ( tPA ) activity : 25 % of control cells ; tPA mRNA : 70 % of control cells ; urokinase ( uPA ) mRNA : 56 % of control LLC PK ( 1 ) cells ] . ^^^ These effects of flow on tPA and uPA mRNA were prevented in vitro when reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton was blocked by cytochalasin D and were associated , in vitro and in vivo , with an increase in shear stress responsive element binding activity detected by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay in proximal cell nuclear extracts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To establish the necessary and sufficient components of the PA system [ PAI 1 , urokinase type PA ( uPA ) , or tissue type PA ( tPA ) , and plasminogen ( Plg ) ] for angiogenesis , we examined angiogenic competence of vascular explant cultures obtained from mice deficient in PAI 1 , tPA , uPA , and Plg . ^^^ Deficiency of uPA significantly reduced the rate of sprouting , whereas tPA ( / ) vessels showed a profound inhibition of capillary sprouting . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue type ( tPA ) and urokinase type ( uPA ) plasminogen activator enzymic activities were detectable in cultured saphenous vein segments , and were concentrated in focal zones . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although tPA shares the same function of activating plasminogen and it is structurally similar to uPA . ^^^ Amiloride is a specific inhibitor of uPA but does not inhibit tPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast to uPA , the concentration and activity of tissue PA ( tPA ) , the most abundant plasminogen activator in normal control brain , were reduced in multiple sclerosis specimens . ^^^ The uPA uPAR complex , concentrated on inflammatory cells in the perivascular zone of the evolving lesion , may facilitate cellular infiltration into the CNS which is amplified by MMP mediated degradation of blood vessel matrix . tPA localization on injured axons may be a marker of axonal damage or represent a protective mechanism aimed at removal of fibrin deposits and restoration of axonal function . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we characterized the production of fibrinolytic factors including tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase type PA ( uPA ) , and PAI 1 in the differentiation of preadipocytes , and examined the hormonal regulation of these fibrinolytic factors in mature adipocytes . ^^^ In mature adipocytes , uPA production was dominant ( 25 microg / ml / 24 h vs . 0 . 8 microg / ml / 24 h for tPA ) . ^^^ Insulin , IBMX , and dexamethasone significantly decreased both uPA and tPA production , and increased PAI 1 production . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The components of the plasminogen activator system were measured , i . e . tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We conclude that uPA is an important factor regulating the healing responses of balloon catheter injured arteries , and its proteolytic property , which can not be mimicked by tPA , greatly influences SMC proliferation and early neointima formation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In one class there is a serine at position 190 at the S 1 site , as in urokinase type plasminogen activator ( urokinase or uPA ) and factor VIIa , and in the other there is an alanine at 190 , as in tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and factor Xa . ^^^ RESULTS : Based on the structural differences between the S 1 sites of Ser 190 and Ala 190 protease arylamidine complexes , we amplified the selectivity of amidine inhibitors toward uPA and against tPA , by factors as high as 220 fold , by incorporating a halo group ortho to the amidine of a lead inhibitor scaffold . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Remarkable selectivity enhancements of exceptionally small inhibitors are achieved toward the uPA target over the highly similar tPA anti target through a single atom substitution on an otherwise relatively non selective scaffold . ^^^ Overall selectivities for uPA over tPA as high as 980 fold at physiological pH were realized . ^^^ The increase in selectivity results from the displacement of a single bound water molecule common to the S 1 site of both the uPA target and the tPA anti target because of the ensuing deficit in hydrogen bonding of the arylamidine inhibitor when bound in the Ala 190 protease anti target . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study was undertaken to investigate the expression of the molecules of the PA system ( tPA , uPA , PAI 1 , uPAR , LRP ) , as well as several members of the MMP family and their inhibitors in the course of actively induced EAE in BALB / c mice . ^^^ In situ zymography demonstrated the presence of increased tPA and uPA activities in the areas of the inflammatory damage . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DRL performance in mice with deletion of tPA , uPA or PAI 1 genes . ^^^ They are classified into two distinct subtypes , tissue plasminogen activating factor and urokinase plasminogen activating factor ( tPA and uPA , respectively ) , which are both expressed in brain areas thought to be important in learning and memory . ^^^ Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) is the primary inhibitor of tPA and uPA activity , and is expressed in corresponding brain areas . ^^^ The current set of experiments were designed to investigate further the role of tPA and to extend our knowledge to uPA and PAI 1 , using mice with the respective genes deleted ( uPA / and PAI 1 / mice ) in the DRL 15 ' ' task . uPA / mice showed no disruption of DRL acquisition , but PAI 1 / mice showed a deficit similar to that seen in tPA / mice . ^^^ These data indicate that uPA deletion does not affect performance of a standard DRL 15 ' ' task , whereas deletion of PAI 1 has the same behavioural consequences in these tasks as deletion of tPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of tissue factor ( TF ) , the primary initiator of hemostasis ; urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) ; tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) ; plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) as well as the potent matrix metalloprotease , MMP 3 was assessed . ^^^ It was observed , that RU 486 blocks and reverses progestin enhanced stromal cell TF protein and mRNA expression and PAI 1 protein and mRNA expression , whereas blocks and reverses progestin inhibited stromal cell uPA , tPA and MMP 3 protein and mRNA expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recombinant maspin has been shown to specifically inhibit cell surface associated urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and fibrinogen bound tissue type plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Components investigated were the fibrinolytic stimulator tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and the antagonist . plasminogen activator inhibitor type one ( PAI 1 ) . ^^^ RESULTS : Immediately after 8 h of total anoxia and reoxygenation with HBO 2 ( for 1 . 5 h ) , the mean ( SEM ) concentrations of t PA , PAI 1 and uPA were significantly increased compared to the other groups . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The removal of hydrocortisone increased urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) activity within 24 48 h and tPA activity within 48 72 h , and converted the cells to a more elongated and fibroblastic phenotype . ^^^ Upregulation of uPA mRNA was seen as early as at 3 h and of tPA mRNA within 48 72 h . ^^^ Immunoprecipitation with a PAI 1 monoclonal antibody confirmed that both uPA and tPA were complexed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to inhibiting serine proteases , mainly tissue type ( tPA ) and urokinase type ( uPA ) plasminogen activators , PAI 1 interacts with different components of the extracellular matrix , i . e . fibrin , heparin ( Hep ) and vitronectin ( Vn ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we used immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques to determine the localization of urokinase type ( u PA ) and tissue type ( t PA ) plasminogen activators , type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) and membrane receptor for u PA ( uPA R ) antigen and their sites of synthesis in renal thrombotic microangiopathy ( N = 10 ) as compared to acute tubular necrosis ( N = 5 ) and normal human kidneys ( N = 7 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Within 1 h of treatment , cultures accumulated an extracellular activity capable of cleaving a substrate for urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) . ^^^ This activity was inhibited by plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 or antibodies to uPA but not tPA . ^^^ Co treatment of cultures with the cathepsin B inhibitors CA 074 or Z FA FMK suppressed the cytostatic effects of TPA and activation of pro uPA . ^^^ In the absence of TPA , exogenously added cathepsin B activated pro uPA and suppressed MCF10A Neo proliferation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The single deficiency of tPA , uPA , or uPAR , as well as combined deficiencies of uPA and tPA , did not dramatically affect microvessel formation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Electrophoresis ( 8 . 5 % SDS PAGE ) revealed that fibrin formed in the presence of ACP demonstrated characteristic gamma gamma dimers ( 90 kDa ) and beta monomers ( 55 kDa ) , but resisted spontaneous fibrinolysis ( 72 h , 37 degrees C ) or degradation by plasminogen activators ( uPA , tPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Levels of tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and type 2 ( PAI 2 ) , and tPA / PAI complex in tissue extracts were determinated by commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits . ^^^ RESULTS : tPA was significantly reduced in peritonitis compared with normal peritoneum ( P < 0 . 001 ) , whereas it was found that the levels of PAI 1 , PAI 2 , uPA , and tPA / PAI complex in peritonitis were significantly higher than those in normal controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A significant , dose dependent increase in tissue type PA ( tPA ) activity and decrease in urokinase type ( uPA ) PA activity were observed in PACAP treated cells . ^^^ The use of cycloheximide , a protein synthesis inhibitor , suggested that PACAP requires an intermediary protein to decrease uPA mRNA , but not to induce tPA mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase ( uPA ) are targets of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) inhibition . ^^^ Activation of protein kinase A ( PKA ) , however , lowered PAI 1 secretion induced by uPA and tPA , as a result of an inhibition of the PKC pathway and inhibition of Raf , Mek and MAPK phosphorylations . ^^^ These multiple pathways utilized by uPA and tPA to modulate PAI 1 secretion might be involved in determining the proteolytic or antiproteolytic potential of the SMCs under different pathophysiological conditions . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We took advantage of genetically deficient mice to explore the role of urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) PAs , as well as the uPA receptor ( uPAR , CD 87 ) in platelet kinetics . ^^^ RESULTS : Platelets counts were within the same range in wild type ( + / + ) , uPA , tPA and uPAR deficient mice . ^^^ Platelet survival was similar in + / + , uPA / , tPA / but markedly reduced in uPAR / mice . ^^^ CONCLUSION : These results demonstrate that uPAR , but not uPA or tPA , is essential for maintaining normal platelet survival . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
After induction of a focal ischemic stroke in the mouse by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery , we found that microglial cells accumulated in the marginal zone of the infarct are the most important source for both plasminogen activators , tPA and uPA . ^^^ Concomitantly , the microglial production of tPA and uPA , as well as the PA activity in the infarct region was markedly reduced . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The serine proteinase inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) is the primary physiological inhibitor of the tissue type and the urokinase type plasminogen activator ( tPA and uPA , respectively ) and as such an important regulator of proteolytic events taking place in the circulation and in the extracellular matrix . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Active plasmin is generated from proteolytic cleavage of the zymogen plasminogen ( Plg ) by urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) . ^^^ Because we found that uPA , but not tPA , was induced in skeletal muscle regeneration , and persistent fibrin deposition was also reproducible in uPA deficient mice following injury , we propose that fibrinolysis by uPA dependent plasmin activity plays a fundamental role in skeletal muscle regeneration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
AIMS : To establish that cells from the murine mammary carcinoma cell line , EMT 6 , express type 1 insulin like growth factor receptor ( IGF IR ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) . ^^^ To investigate the role of IGF IR in growth , transformation , and tumorigenesis in addition to its relation to tPA and uPA in EMT 6 cells . ^^^ METHODS : The presence of transcripts for IGF IR , tPA , and uPA was determined by northern blot analysis using poly ( A ( + ) ) RNA derived from EMT 6 cells transfected with an antisense IGF IR construct or a construct lacking the antisense IGF IR insert . ^^^ RESULTS : There was strong expression of IGF IR , tPA , and uPA in EMT 6 cells . ^^^ Reduced expression of tPA and uPA was seen in EMT 6 cells carrying the antisense IGF IR construct . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cytosol of primary breast cancers from 217 women of predominantly Arab ethnicity were assayed for uPA , tPA , PAI 1 and a subset for ER , PR and pS 2 . ^^^ Women with high tumour uPA and PAI 1 , but not tPA , had shorter overall , and relapse free , survival . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study examined the effect of the preovulatory gonadotropin surge on the temporal and spatial regulation of tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and uPA receptor ( uPAR ) mRNA expression and tPA , uPA , and plasmin activity in bovine preovulatory follicles and new corpora lutea collected at approximately 0 , 6 , 12 , 18 , 24 , and 48 h after a GnRH induced gonadotropin surge . ^^^ Messenger RNAs for tPA , uPA , and uPAR were increased in a temporally specific fashion within 24 h of the gonadotropin surge . ^^^ Localization of tPA mRNA was primarily to the granulosal layer , whereas both uPA and uPAR mRNAs were detected in both the granulosal and thecal layers and adjacent ovarian stroma . ^^^ Our results indicate that mRNA expression and enzyme activity for both tPA and uPA are increased in a temporally and spatially specific manner in bovine preovulatory follicles after exposure to a gonadotropin surge . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Determination of uPA , tPA , PAI 1 , PAI 2 , uPA : PAI 1 complex and tPA : PAI 1 complex was performed by specific double determinant ELISAs based on the concept described previously by Grebenschikov et al . ^^^ With these ELISAs both complexes of the activators ( uPA , tPA ) with their inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) can be measured as a separate component . ^^^ RESULTS : Significant differences were found in median cyst fluid concentrations of uPA , PAI 1 , uPA : PAI 1 and tPA : PAI 1 from malignant , borderline and benign ovarian tumors , with the highest levels in malignant ovarian tumors . ^^^ To achieve better discrimination between malignant and benign cases we introduced a new malignancy index : ( [ uPA : PAI 1 ] + [ tPA : PAI 1 ] ) 10 [ PAI 1 ] . ^^^ Significantly higher concentrations were found in FIGO stages 2 3 4 compared with stage 1 for uPA ( p < 0 . 05 ) , tPA ( p < 0 . 05 ) , uPA : PAI 1 ( p < 0 . 01 ) and tPA : PAI 1 ( p < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study aimed to assess the role of fibrinolysis in adhesion formation using mice deficient in either of the plasminogen activator proteases , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) or urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) . ^^^ Adhesion formation was induced in tPA and uPA deficient and wild type mice following either surgical trauma to the serosa with haemorrhage and acute or chronic intraperitoneal inflammation . ^^^ Mice deficient in tPA were more susceptible to adhesion formation following both a surgical insult and a chronic inflammatory episode compared with uPA deficient and wild type mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of recombinant PrP , either containing copper ( holo PrP ) or devoid of it ( apo PrP ) , on plasminogen activation by both uPA and tPA was determined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Angiostatin is generated from plasminogen by urokinase type ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) plasminogen activators in the presence of free sulphydryl donors . ^^^ We found that human thyroid cells in culture secrete plasminogen activators ( both tPA and uPA ) as well as matrix metalloproteinase 2 into the medium . ^^^ FRTL 5 cells , which do not secrete uPA or tPA , did not generate angiostatin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study we determined the in vitro effects of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan ( PSGAG ) and the glucocorticoid triamcinolone acetonid ( TA ) on the IL 1 altered expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases ( MMP 1 , MMP 3 ) , tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 , the plasminogen activators tPA and uPA and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 by articular chondrocytes . ^^^ After 48hr mRNA expression of MMP 1 , MMP 3 , TIMP 1 , uPA , tPA and PAI 1 was analyzed by RT PCR ELISA . ^^^ Both drugs inhibited the IL 1 induced mRNA expression of tPA , whereas expression of uPA was only mildly reduced by PSGAG , which also induced PAI 1 above IL 1 stimulated levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TCDD induced the early appearance of ovarian plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 ( PAI 2 ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) at 24h after dosing when compared with controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the effects of low density lipoprotein ( LDL ) on PA inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , urokinase type PA ( uPA ) , and tissue type PA ( tPA ) in relationship to protein kinase C ( PKC ) in cultured human mesangial cells ( HMC ) . ^^^ LDL downregulated 2 . 4 kb PAI 1 , uPA , and tPA mRNA expression within 6 h of incubation with HMC . ^^^ On the other hand , after 12 48 h , LDL treated cells showed a significant increase in PAI 1 , tPA , and uPA mRNA levels . ^^^ The stimulatory effects of LDL on PAI 1 , tPA , and uPA gene regulation in HMC were blocked by the inhibition of PKC using GF 109203X 12 h after treatment with LDL or downregulation of PKC using phorbol myristate acetate . ^^^ In summary , LDL regulates PAI 1 , uPA , and tPA in biphasic patterns in HMC , and the upregulation of PAI 1 , uPA , and tPA after long term LDL exposure seems to be mediated by a delayed PKC activation associated with an increased PA inhibitory activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine whether these mediators have a similar effect on fibrinolysis and the remodeling of the fibrin provisional matrix , we examined the role of cytokines on the regulation of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) in human skin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Urokinase type and tissue type plasminogen activators ( uPA , tPA ) are key enzymes for starting the plasminogen system , which plays important roles in various physiological and pathological conditions . ^^^ In order to examine the gene regulation in rabbit pathophysiological models we attempted to clone full length cDNAs encoding uPA and tPA from kidney extracts of rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and rapid amplification of cDNA ends . ^^^ The cloned rabbit uPA and tPA cDNAs were 2 , 350 and 2 , 561 bp in length , respectively , and the basic molecular structures predicted from the cDNAs were well conserved compared with human uPA and tPA . ^^^ In a rabbit model of renal ischemia / reperfusion ( I / R ) , the expression of uPA and tPA mRNAs was down regulated and that of their physiological inhibitor , type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor , mRNA was up regulated in ischemic kidney compared to non ischemic kidney . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to aspartyl and cysteineproteinases , serine proteinases including the plasminogen activator system ( uPA , uPAR , tPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) and matrix metalloproteinases ( MMPs ) with their tissue inhibitors ( TIMPs ) play an essential role in these processes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Its major components are urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , plasminogen activation inhibitor type 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) and a receptor for urokinase ( uPAR ) . ^^^ Spitz naevi had melanocytic positivity for uPA in 0 % ( 0 / 36 ) , tPA in 30 % ( 6 / 20 ) , PAI 1 in 10 % ( 3 / 35 ) , PAI 2 in 40 % ( 8 / 21 ) and uPAR in 60 % ( 13 / 21 ) of cases . ^^^ This was much ( for most components significantly ) less than the proportion of primary melanomas with tumour cell positivity , which was 30 % ( 11 / 38 ) for uPA , 80 % ( 19 / 24 ) for tPA , 75 % ( 28 / 38 ) for PAI 1 , 80 % ( 19 / 24 ) for PAI 2 and 80 % ( 19 / 24 ) for uPAR . ^^^ The main findings of this study are that Spitz naevi , firstly , may express plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , inhibitors and the receptor of the PA system , but in a much smaller proportion than cutaneous melanomas ; and secondly , do not express urokinase , whereas some of the melanomas do . uPA positivity may therefore be suggestive of melanoma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we describe an assay for the assessment of components of the plasminogen activation system ( uPA , tPA and PAI 1 , and their complexes ) in blood which is not susceptible to interference by heterophilic antibodies . ^^^ The assay is compared to our earlier reported ELISA for measuring uPA , tPA and PAI 1 components in tumor tissue extracts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We evaluated the concentration and activities of tPA , uPA and PAI 1 in plasma from kidney allograft recipients . ^^^ In recipients with stable graft function we found a correlation between CsA concentration and tPA activity ( p = 0 . 04 ) , as well as an association between the dose of CsA and uPA Ant concentration in plasma ( p = 0 . 049 ) . ^^^ The results of our study suggest a stimulatory effect of CsA on tPA and PAI 1 plasma activities as well as on uPA Ant concentration , while prednisone in turn seems to enhance PAI 1 activity in plasma and decrease uPA expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To determine the in vitro effects of several nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on the IL 1 altered expression and activity of tPA , uPA and PAI 1 by articular chondrocytes . ^^^ Expression of mRNA for the plasminogen activators ( uPA and tPA ) and their inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) were analyzed by RT PCR ELISA . ^^^ RESULTS : All tested NSAIDs dose dependently inhibited the IL 1 induced mRNA expression of tPA , whereas only indomethacin and tiaprofenic acid were also able to reduce the expression of uPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : The fibrinolytic activities of conditioned medium and cell lysates from human glioma cell lines , A 172 , T98G , U 87 and TM 1 were studied by fibrin plate zymography . mRNA expression of tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) was measured by Northern blot analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previously , we reported that uPA and its functional homolog , tissue type plasminogen activator , are induced by Abeta treatment of neurons in vitro as well as in a mouse model of Abeta accumulation in vivo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : Tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) are thought to play critical roles in vascular remodeling after injury , with tPA mediating intravascular clot lysis and uPA modulating cell migration within the vessel wall . ^^^ This study examines the differential roles of tPA and uPA in these processes in mice . ^^^ METHODS AND RESULTS : Carotid artery injury and thrombosis were induced in wild type ( WT ) , uPA deficient ( uPA ( / ) ) , and tPA deficient ( tPA ( / ) ) mice with the use of ferric chloride . ^^^ The expression of uPA and tPA was significantly upregulated in the vessel wall of WT mice 1 week after injury , and compared with WT mice , uPA ( / ) and tPA ( / ) mice had lower carotid patency rates after injury . ^^^ At 3 weeks , only 55 % of uPA ( / ) mouse vessels were patent compared with 81 % in tPA ( / ) mice and 100 % in WT mice ( P=0 . 014 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Regulated cell movement is modulated by proteases and their associated molecules , including the serine proteases urinary type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and their inhibitors ( PAIs ) . ^^^ To test the hypothesis that during wounding , exposed collagen , the most abundant ECM molecule in the skin , regulates keratinocyte PA and PAI gene expression , we utilized an in vitro model in which activated keratinocytes were cultured in dishes coated with collagen or other ECM substrates . tPA , uPA , and PAI 1 mRNA and enzymatic activity were detected when activated keratinocytes attached to fibronectin , vitronectin , collagen 4 , and RGD peptide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have examined the role of fibrinolytic factors , i . e . , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and their substrate , plasminogen , in the proliferation of hepatocytes in primary culture . ^^^ DNA synthesis was assessed by measuring the incorporation of [ 3H ] thymidine into cellular DNA fraction . tPA , uPA and type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) gene expressions were measured by Northern blotting . ^^^ Under these growth stimulated culture conditions , tPA and uPA mRNAs were induced and up regulated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The serpin plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) , as the primary physiological inhibitor of both urokinase type ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) plasminogen activator , plays an important role in the regulation of the fibrinolytic system as well as in extracellular remodeling in both physiological and pathophysiological processes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Increased expression of tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) is associated with an ingress of monocytes into the thrombus . ^^^ METHODS AND RESULTS : Inferior caval vein thrombosis was induced in cohorts of adult wild type , uPA gene knockout ( uPA / ) , and tPA gene knockout ( tPA / ) mice in a flow model . ^^^ Thrombus resolution was significantly impaired in the uPA / mice compared with wild type controls ( P < 0 . 0001 ) but was unaffected in tPA / mice . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : The resolution of experimental venous thrombus is dependent on uPA but is unaffected by the absence of tPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The influence of endogenous plasminogen ( Plg ) , urokinase ( uPA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , and uPA receptor ( uPAR ) was explored in single gene deficient mice in a model of laser induced CNV . ^^^ Mice without uPA , tPA , or plasminogen genes are resistant to experimental choroidal neovascularization . ^^^ The absence of Plg , uPA , or tPA significantly decreased the development of experimental CNV compared with wild type or uPAR deficient mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The binding of plasminogen to leukocytic cell lines induces a 30 to 80 fold increase in the rate of plasminogen activation by tissue type ( tPA ) and urokinase type ( uPA ) plasminogen activators . ^^^ We produced and characterized a monoclonal antibody ( MAb ) 11G1 against purified alpha enolase , which abrogated about 90 % of cell dependent plasminogen activation by either uPA or tPA on leukocytoid cell lines of different lineages : B lymphocytic , T lymphocytic , granulocytic , and monocytic cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All inhibitors that were tested ( active site inhibitors directed against uPA , tPA , and / or plasmin ; antibodies neutralizing the enzymatic activity of uPA or tPA ; substances interfering with the binding of uPA to its specific cell surface receptor uPAR ) failed to prevent pemphigus vulgaris IgG mediated acantholysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To define the role of the plasminogen activators ( PAs ) urokinase PA ( uPA ) and tissue PA ( tPA ) as well as the uPA receptor ( uPAR ) in arteriogenesis , we investigated their impact in a rabbit and mouse model of adaptive collateral artery growth . ^^^ Collateral artery growth was induced by occlusion of the femoral artery in rabbit and wild type ( WT ) mice and in mice with targeted inactivation of uPA ( uPA / ) , tPA ( tPA / ) , or uPAR ( uPAR / ) . ^^^ Northern blot results revealed a significant up regulation of uPA but not uPAR or tPA in the early phase of arteriogenesis in rabbit and WT mice . ^^^ Impaired perfusion recovery upon femoral artery ligation was observed by laser Doppler analysis in vivo in uPA deficient mice but not in uPAR or tPA deficiency compared with WT mice . ^^^ Immunohistochemical studies revealed an association of leukocyte infiltration with arteriogenesis in WT mice that was strongly reduced in uPA / but not in uPAR or tPA deficient mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , the purpose of this investigation was to determine if differences in the matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) 2 and 9 , tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 ( TIMP 1 ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) protein and activity levels existed between infrarenal AAA and normal abdominal aortic tissue specimens . ^^^ Protein levels for MMP 2 , MMP 9 , TIMP 1 , uPA , and tPA were analyzed by western blotting . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of this study was to determine the expression of proteinases and inhibitors from the matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) ( MMPs 1 , 2 , 3 , 9 , tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases ( TIMPs ) 1 , 2 ) and plasminogen activator ( ( PA ) urokinase ( uPA ) , tissue type ( tPA ) , uPAR , plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAIs ) 1 , 2 ) systems in colorectal cancer pathology by gelatin zymography , enzyme linked immunosorbent assays ( ELISAs ) and quenched fluorescent substrate hydrolysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , renal expression of several genes that regulate plasmin activity were similar in both genotypes , including uPA , tPA , PAI 1 , protease nexin 1 , and alpha 2 antiplasmin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Suppression of argatroban induced endogenous thrombolysis by PKSI 527 , and antibodies to TPA and UPA , evaluated in a rat arterial thrombolysis model . ^^^ These findings suggest that spontaneous fibrinolysis might be mediated by tPA and plasma kallikrein dependent uPA . ^^^ PKSI 527 , anti uPA and anti tPA IgGs suppressed argatroban induced thrombolysis . ^^^ In the presence of PKSI 527 , anti tPA IgG was more effective than anti uPA IgG in suppressing argatroban induced thrombolysis . ^^^ The results suggested that both tPA and plasma kallikrein mediated uPA activation and tPA release contribute to endogenous fibrinolytic or thrombolytic mechanisms . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE ( S ) : Concentrations of total and active transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) , tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) were obtained . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Proteolytic degradation of fibrin ( fibrinolysis ) is mediated by plasminogen and its activators , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ( 1 ) ) and urokinase ( uPA ) . ^^^ Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , a member of the serine protease inhibitor ( serpin ) superfamily , is the principal inhibitor of tPA and uPA in the fibrinolytic system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The levels of urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) plasminogen activators and their type 1 inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) were determined by immunoassay in tumor cytosols and samples of histologically unaltered adjacent mucosa in gastric cancer patients . ^^^ Gastric tumor revealed enhanced uPA and PAI 1 matched by decreased tPA in intact mucosa . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A random sample of 70 of the 112 cases had plasma levels of urokinase like plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , macrophage inhibiting factor ( MIF ) , tumour growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) , homocysteine , and serum levels of IgA antibodies against Chlamydia pneumoniae ( IgA CP ) and Cotinine ( a nicotine metabolite ) measured . ^^^ RESULTS : the annual expansion rate correlated positively with tPA , IgA CP and S Cotinine ; r =0 . 37 ( p=0 . 002 ) , 0 . 29 ( p=0 . 006 ) and 0 . 24 ( p=0 . 038 ) , while PAI 1 , uPA , TGF beta 1 , homocysteine , and MIF did not . ^^^ CONCLUSION : the aortic matrix degradation in AAA may be partly caused by an activation of plasminogen by tPA , but apparently not by uPA , which usually dominates matrix degradation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) activity in retinal extracts was determined by plasminogen / fibrinogen zymography . ^^^ Immunostaining and western blot analysis was performed to detect uPA and tPA proteins . ^^^ In addition , uPA or tPA failed to degrade laminin in control retinal extracts unless plasminogen was added , indicating that plasminogen activation is necessary for laminin degradation , in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen binds to surface displayed pneumococcal alpha enolase ( Eno ) and is subsequently activated to the serine protease plasmin by host derived tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) or urokinase ( uPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial cells ( EC ) synthesize activators and inhibitors for fibrinolysis , tissue and urokinase plasminogen activators ( tPA and uPA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Single site mutants within the Asp 355 Arg356 Pro 357 segment of PAI 1 yield guanidine activatable inhibitors ( a ) that can still form SDS stable complexes with tPA and urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and ( b ) that have inhibition rate constants towards plasminogen activators which resemble those of the fibrosarcoma inhibitor . ^^^ The second order rate constants of inhibition for uPA , plasmin and thrombin by Glu351Ala and Glu351Arg were increased about 2 10 folds compared to wtPAI 1 , but there was no change for tPA . ^^^ Glu 351 is a specificity determinant of PAI 1 toward uPA , plasmin and thrombin , but not for tPA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the role of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) in adhesion formation after laparoscopic surgery . ^^^ ANIMAL ( S ) : Seventy female wild type and transgenic knockout mice for PAI 1 ( PAI 1 ( / ) ) , uPA ( uPA ( / ) ) or tPA ( tPA ( / ) ) . ^^^ RESULT ( S ) : In PAI 1 , uPA , and tPA wild type mice , pneumoperitoneum enhanced adhesions . ^^^ Compared with wild type mice , basal adhesions were fewer in PAI 1 ( / ) mice and more in uPA ( / ) and tPA ( / ) mice . ^^^ The absence of pneumoperitoneum enhanced adhesions in PAI 1 ( / ) , uPA ( / ) , and tPA ( / ) mice and the increase in PAI 1 expression indicate that PAI 1 up regulation by carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum is a mechanism of pneumoperitoneum enhanced adhesion formation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activators tPA and uPA are involved in tissue remodeling , but their role in bone growth is undefined . ^^^ Mice lacking tPA and uPA show increased bone formation and bone mass . ^^^ To elucidate the involvement of the plasminogen activators tPA and uPA in this process , we characterized the long bone phenotype in mice deficient in both tPA and uPA ( tPA / : uPA / ) . ^^^ MATERIALS AND METHODS : Bones of 2 to 7 day old tPA / : uPA / and wild type ( WT ) mice were studied using bone histomorphometry , electron microscopy analysis , and biochemical assessment of bone matrix components . ^^^ Finally , osteoblast differentiation and formation of a mineralized bone matrix were enhanced in osteoblast cultures derived from tPA / : uPA / mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) is the principal inhibitor of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , and as such is thought to play an important role in the regulation of extracellular matrix remodeling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) is the primary inhibitor of tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , paraffin embedded material from 84 human pituitary adenomas ( acromegaly n=18 , Cushing ' s disease n=21 , prolactinoma n=18 , thyroid stimulating hormone secreting adenoma n=1 , nonsecreting adenoma n=26 ) and 9 nontumourous anterior pituitary lobes ( obtained from patients with prostate cancer ) was immunohistochemically analysed for expression of MMP 2 , MMP 9 , tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 ( TIMP 2 ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , uPA receptor ( uPAR ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , and interleukin 6 ( IL 6 ) . ^^^ In pituitary adenomas , reactions were positive ( diffuse expression ) to MMP 2 ( 74 % of cases ) , MMP 9 ( 49 % ) , TIMP 2 ( 88 % ) , uPA ( 89 % ) , uPAR ( 90 % ) , tPA ( 69 % ) , and PAI 1 ( 87 % ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Serp 1 potently inhibits human serum proteases including plasmin , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The fibrinolytic factors , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , were increased in the course of spheroid formation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thrombus lysis by uPA , scuPA and tPA is regulated by plasma TAFI . ^^^ This current study examined lysis by urokinase ( uPA ) and single chain urokinase ( scuPA ) in addition to tPA . ^^^ TAFIa inhibited lysis of model thrombi and plasma clots by uPA , scuPA in addition to lysis by tPA . ^^^ Thus the action of TAFIa could be partially overcome by plasminogen , whether lysis was by tPA , uPA or scuPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Primary mouse osteoblasts expressed mRNA for urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tIssue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , the type 1 receptor for uPA , plasminogen activator inhibitor types 1 and 2 and the broad spectrum serine proteinase inhibitor , protease nexin 1 . ^^^ In situ hybridization demonstrated expression of tPA and uPA in osteoclasts disaggregated from 6 day old mouse long bones . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Increased levels of urokinase type PA ( uPA ) are observed mainly at the invasive margins of a tumour , whereas the data on the expression of tissue type PA ( tPA ) are still controversial . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Active plasmin is generated by proteolytic activation of the zymogen plasminogen ( Plg ) by urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , which of the two plasminogen activators ( PAs ) present in renal tissue , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) or urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , is responsible for plasmin generation and those factors that modulate the activity of this system remain unclear . ^^^ This study utilized mesangial cells isolated from mice with gene deletions for tPA , uPA , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) to further delineate the role of the PA / plasminogen / plasmin system in ECM accumulation . ^^^ In contrast , ECM degradation by tPA null mesangial cells was markedly reduced ( 78 + / 1 % , n = 12 , P < 0 . 05 ) compared with controls , whereas tPA / uPA double null mesangial cells degraded virtually no ECM . ^^^ Taken together , these results document the importance of tPA versus uPA in renal plasmin production and indicate that in contrast to elevated glucose , glycated albumin may contribute to ECM accumulation in diabetic nephropathy . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In REC , captopril upregulated the pro survival proteins mortalin 2 , uPA , and uPAR while downregulating the anti growth sprouty 4 and tPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Twenty PVR , PDR or pucker membranes were examined to identify the cells with cell specific markers and to detect the expression of urokinase ( uPA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) or plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) by in situ hybridization and by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ RESULTS : In PVR , uPA , tPA and PAI 1 were expressed by retinal pigment epithelial ( RPE ) cells , macrophages or retinal glial cells . ^^^ Semiquantitative analysis in in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry results demonstrated no notable differences in uPA , tPA or PAI 1 expression between PDR and PVR membranes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The binding of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) to serine proteinases , such as tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , is mediated by the exosite interactions between the surface exposed variable region 1 , or 37 loop , of the proteinase and the distal reactive center loop ( RCL ) of PAI 1 . ^^^ We have used protein engineering , stopped flow fluorimetry , and rapid acid quenching techniques to elucidate the role of exosite interactions in the neutralization of tPA , uPA , and beta trypsin by PAI 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The degradation of basement membranes by tumor cells involves secretion and activation of proteinases , such as matrix metalloproteinases ( MMPs ) and the plasminogen activation system ( uPA , tPA , PAI 1 ) , and results from an imbalance between their inhibitors and activators , controlled by various growth factors or cytokines . ^^^ In contrast , TGF beta 1 triggered a large decrease of uPA and tPA , as well as a decrease of uPA and uPAR mRNAs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activators ( PAs ) , tissue PA ( tPA ) and urokinase PA ( uPA ) , have been shown to be induced in sensory neurons after sciatic nerve crush . ^^^ Both tPA and uPA activate some matrix metalloproteases ( MMPs ) , indirectly via plasminogen activation or directly , such as the uPA activation of MMP 2 . ^^^ In this study , we demonstrated , by using tPA and uPA knockout mice , that a lack of a plasminogen activator affected MMP 9 and MMP 2 activity after crushing of the sciatic nerve . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
After VEGF A treatment , the pre existing iris vasculature showed increased permeability , hypertrophy , and activation , as demonstrated by increased staining of CD 31 , PAL E , tPA , uPA , uPAR , Glut 1 , and alphavbeta 3 and alphavbeta 5 integrins , VEGF receptors VEGFR 1 , 2 and 3 , and Tie 2 in endothelial cells , and of NG 2 proteoglycan , uPA , uPAR , integrins and VEGFR 1 in pericytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Renal gene expressions of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) , tissue type PA ( tPA ) , and urokinase type PA ( uPA ) were examined by real time PCR . ^^^ Both tPA and uPA mRNA levels were significantly lower than those in LETO rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A member of this series , 8t , was identified as a potent inhibitor of human tryptase ( IC ( 50 ) =38 nM ) with selectivity > / =330 fold versus related serine proteases ( trypsin , plasmin , uPA , tPA , APC , alpha thrombin , and FXa ) [ corrected ] . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that in vitro , Neovastat at 100 microg / ml markedly stimulates t PA mediated plasmin generation , while it slightly inhibits the generation of plasmin mediated by uPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found the induction of mRNAs for tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) in the rat dorsal root ganglia following sciatic nerve transection . ^^^ As neither immunoreactivity for uPA nor uPA mediated proteolysis was observed , we further examined the effects of tPA on dorsal horn excitability and neuropathic pain behaviour . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHOD : We studied urokinase ( uPA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase receptor ( uPAR ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) expression by in situ hybridization and by immunohistochemistry in 14 NF 2 and 15 sporadic patients with 34 schwannomas . uPAR and vitronectin immunohistochemistry were also studied . ^^^ FINDINGS : Both schwannoma groups expressed prominent levels of uPA and tPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Collagen type 4 and hemoglobin were measured by Western blot analysis , matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) 2 and MMP 9 by gelatin zymography , and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) by plasminogen casein zymography . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Hypothermia maintains microvascular integrity and reduces hemorrhage and the activities of MMP 2 , MMP 9 , uPA , and tPA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and such plasminogen activation system components as uPA , PAI 1 and tPA were determined by enzyme immunoassay methods in endometrial tumors from 121 patients and 18 samples of endometrial hyperplasia of varying degree . ^^^ VEGF were established in endometrial tumors , and inverse ones for tPA vs . uPA and tPA vs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we found elevated levels of plasmin and tPA , but not of uPA , in blister fluid from BP patients ( n = 7 ) compared to blisters from patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis ( n = 4 ) and suction blisters in healthy controls ( n = 7 ) . ^^^ Treatment of cultured normal human keratinocytes with BP IgG , but not with control IgG , led to both increased protein and mRNA levels of tPA , but not of uPA , as determined by ELISA and RT PCR , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To assess the participation of urokinase type ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) plasminogen activators in embryo development and implantation . ^^^ Whereas endometrial tPA activity did not change during the preimplantation period , uPA activity increased gradually toward the time of implantation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Stopped flow fluorometry was used to study the kinetics of the reactive center loop insertion occurring during the reaction of N ( ( 2 ( iodoacetoxy ) ethyl ) N methyl ) amino 7 nitrobenz 2 oxa 3 diazole ( NBD ) P 9 plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) with tissue ( tPA ) and urokinase ( uPA ) type plasminogen activators and human pancreatic elastase at pH 5 . 5 8 . 5 . ^^^ The limiting rate constants of reactive center loop insertion ( k ( lim ) ) and concentrations of proteinase at half saturation ( K ( 0 . 5 ) ) for tPA and uPA and the specificity constants ( k ( lim ) / K ( 0 . 5 ) ) for elastase were determined . ^^^ However , the specificity of the inhibitory reaction with tPA and uPA was notably higher than that for the substrate reaction catalyzed by elastase . pH dependences of k ( lim ) and K ( 0 . 5 ) obtained for tPA revealed an additional ionizable group ( pKa , 6 . 0 6 . 2 ) affecting the reaction . ^^^ In contrast to tPA , the k ( lim ) and K ( 0 . 5 ) for the reactions of uPA with NBD P 9 PAI 1 or its complex with the monoclonal antibody were independent of pH in the 6 . 5 8 . 5 range . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemical staining with tissue derived plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase derived plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) and von Willebrand Factor ( vWF ) was performed and analyzed with bright field microscopy . ^^^ RESULTS : The amount of staining with vWF ( p = 0 . 04 ) and uPA ( p = 0 . 02 ) showed statistically significant differences , PAI 1 ( p = 0 . 09 ) and tPA ( p = 0 . 50 ) showed no difference between leg ulcer and control groups . ^^^ Comparison between CEAP classes 0 6 showed a statistically significant increased staining pattern of vWF ( p = 0 . 06 ) , uPA ( p = 0 . 02 ) and PAI 1 ( p = 0 . 02 ) , but not from tPA ( p = 0 . 30 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A k ( app ) value in the 10 ( 3 ) M ( 1 ) s ( 1 ) range for uPA was obtained , together with a selectivity index higher than 240 toward other trypsin like proteases such as tPA , thrombin , plasmin , and FXa . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Casein zymography revealed that the cells secreted predominantly tissue type PA ( tPA ) with urokinase ( uPA ) being associated mainly with cell lysates , and Western blot demonstrated that the cells secreted SerpinE 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The fibrinolytic factors PAI 1 , tPA , and uPA and the coagulation factor TF , were studied at the gene level by RT PCR and at the protein level by ELISA . ^^^ Significant changes of all studied factors were seen at the gene level in cocultured endothelial cells . tPA and TF were upregulated 4 and 7 fold , respectively , and PAI 1 and uPA were downregulated 4 and 1 . 5 fold , respectively , compared with single cultured controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To clarify the role of proteins involved in the regulation of fibrinolysis during corneal angiogenesis , we have studied corneal vessel formation in mice deficient for urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , plasminogen , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor ( TAFI ) . ^^^ The absence of tPA , uPA or TAFI did not affect the formation of new vessels in the cornea . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , there was no significant difference of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , pro uPA , and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) concentrations in the medium between dDAVP treatment and control . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activators ( tPA and uPA ) are serine proteases that convert the circulating zymogen plasminogen to active plasmin and mediate fibrin degradation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , enzyme linked immunosorbent assays ( ELISA ) of uPA antigen , and the activities of tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) were not statistically different from those in control experiments . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma levels of fibrinopeptide A ( FPA ) , fibrin d dimer , thrombin antithrombin ( TAT ) complex , prothrombin fragment 1 . 2 ( F1 . 2 ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) were measured before and after therapy , as was the cellular expression of the genes for tissue factor ( TF ) and interleukin 1 beta ( IL 1 beta ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A method has been developed for accurately and precisely measuring the activity of a range of plasminogen activators ( PAs ) used as thrombolytic agents , including streptokinase , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and variants , and urokinase ( uPA ) , both single and two chain forms . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) is the major physiological inhibitor of both tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) . ^^^ In this study , we identify WAY 140312 as a structurally novel small molecule inactivator of PAI 1 , compare its inhibitory activity with other previously identified small molecule inhibitors , and investigate the mechanism of inactivation of PAI 1 in the presence of both tPA and uPA . ^^^ Using a sensitive direct activity assay , the IC ( 50 ) for WAY 140312 was similar when either tPA or uPA was used as the target protease . ^^^ Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that WAY 140312 near the IC ( 50 ) inhibited the complex formation between either tPA or uPA and PAI 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Altered NO function contributes to impairment of uPA and tPA cerebrovasodilation after brain injury . ^^^ Urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) are serine proteases implicated in fibrinolysis , but their role in the regulation of the cerebrovascular response to brain trauma has not been investigated . ^^^ This study was designed to ( 1 ) characterize the cerebrovascular activity of uPA and tPA , ( 2 ) investigate the role of nitric oxide ( NO ) in uPA and tPA vascular activity , and ( 3 ) characterize the effect of fluid percussion brain injury ( FPI ) on vascular responses to uPA and tPA . ^^^ These data show that uPA and tPA produce pial artery dilation in an NO dependent manner . ^^^ FPI blunted uPA and tPA induced pial artery dilation as well as the associated release of cGMP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Proteolytically active plasmin is generated from inactive plasminogen by one of 2 activators , uPA or tPA . ^^^ By comparison , spontaneous phenotypes are modest in uPA deficient mice , probably because they still have active tPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to inhibiting serine proteases ( mainly tPA and uPA ) , PAI 1 interacts with vitronectin ( Vn ) , fibrin or alpha ( 1 ) acid glycoprotein , interactions which are important for PAI 1 mediated effects in inflammation , tumor invasion and metastasis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Semi quantitative analysis was used to observe stained intensity and area of tissue type plasminogen activator , urokinas type plasminogen activator / plasminogen activator inhibitor ( tPA , uPA / PAI 1 ) in remnant renal tissue . ^^^ RESULT : In model control group , the urinary PA activity and protein expression of tPA , uPA were down regulated , but protein expression of PAI 1 , TGF beta mRNA was up regulated in remnant renal tissue . ^^^ In each treated group , the urinary PA activity and protein expression of tPA / uPA were enhanced , but the protein expression of PAI 1 , TGF beta mRNA decreased simultaneously . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Shenle capsule can delay glomerulosclersis and tubulointerstitial fibrotic lesions of remnant kidney by improving the activity of urinary PA and modulating the expression of tPA , uPA / PAI 1 and TGF beta mRNA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Laser capture microdissection ( LCM ) was combined with plasminogen casein zymography to analyze uPA , tissue PA ( tPA ) , uPA PAI 1 complexes , and tPA PAI 1 complexes in 11 tumors and adjacent non malignant epithelium from squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue , floor of mouth , larynx , and vocal cord . uPA was detectable in all tumor samples analyzed , uPA PAI 1 complexes in three samples , and tPA in nine . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The main components in plasminogen activation include plasminogen , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator receptor ( uPAR ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) . ^^^ Although uPA and tPA are quite similar in structure and have common inhibitors and physiological substrates , their physiological roles are distinct . ^^^ Traditionally , the role of tPA has been in fibrinolysis and that of uPA in cell migration , especially in cancer cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Active plasmin is generated by proteolytic activation of the zymogen plasminogen ( Plg ) by urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Traditionally , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) has been associated with pericellular proteolytic activity involved in tissue remodelling processes , and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) mainly with intravascular fibrinolysis . ^^^ METHODS : The expression of uPA , tPA , urokinase receptor ( uPAR ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , and vitronectin was investigated by immunohistochemical staining , in addition to uPA , tPA and PAI 1 expression by in situ hybridization , in samples from eight chronic venous ulcers , five decubitus ulcers , five well granulating acute wounds and five normal skin samples . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : These results suggest that in poorly healing venous leg ulcers , the pattern of tPA expression is altered in keratinocytes at the leading edge of the wound , and the patterns of tPA , uPA and PAI 1 expression are altered in the granulation tissue . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Under these noncytotoxic conditions , uPA and tPA levels were lowered in culture medium but raised in cell lysates , suggesting inhibition of trafficking pathways . ^^^ As expected , the reduction of uPA and tPA activities by SCH 66336 inhibited the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin by about 25 % in PC 3 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Scar and remaining viable LV myocardium ( LVM ) were separately analyzed for MMP 2 , 7 , 9 , urokinase type and tissue type plasminogen activator ( uPA and tPA ) mRNA levels by RT PCR . ^^^ MMP and plasminogen activators ( uPA , tPA ) mRNAs were increased accordingly . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The concentrations of tissue PA ( tPA ) , urokinase PA ( uPA ) and PAI 1 were measured by an enzymatic immunity method . ^^^ The results showed that sesamol increased the production of uPA and tPA significantly and also up regulated the mRNA expressions of these proteins . ^^^ On the other hand , vitamins C and E could induce tPA but not uPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In a chromogenic substrate based urokinse ( uPA ) / PAI 1 assay and a tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) mediated clot lysis assay , ZK 4044 inhibited human PAI 1 activity with IC 50 values of 644+ / 255 and 100+ / 90 nM , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) have been suggested to play an important role in inflammatory diseases . ^^^ Tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) have been suggested to play an important role in inflammatory diseases . ^^^ Increased levels of tPA , uPA , uPA receptor ( uPAR ) , and their inhibitor , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 , have been found in the cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) of patients with bacterial meningitis . ^^^ Here , we show that expression of tPA , uPA , uPAR , PAI 1 , and PAI 2 is up regulated during experimental pneumococcal meningitis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The purpose of this study was to assess the expression of urokinase type ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) plasminogen activators in in vivo and in vitro preimplantation development in rat embryos using immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and computerized image analysis . ^^^ RESULTS : uPA and tPA were found to be expressed in rat embryos throughout their preimplantation development , both in vivo and in vitro . ^^^ While uPA was localized mainly in the cell cytoplasm , the tPA was detected mainly on cell surface and in the perivitelline space . ^^^ In blastocysts , both in vivo and in vitro , uPA and tPA were localized in the trophectoderm cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
LysoPC also induced the mRNA expression of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , uPA receptor , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 , but the kinetics were different from that of tPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RT PCR assay for urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , its cellular receptor ( uPAR ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) , and tumor necrosis factor ( TNF ) alpha was performed to assess the cecal tissue . ^^^ The level of uPA , uPAR , tPA , and TNF alpha was highly expressed in PG and PL group , as compared with the RL group . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : We concluded that PG and PL had significant adhesion and abscess reducing effects and may act by modulating fibrinolytic capacity of uPA and / or tPA produced from macrophages in a rat peritonitis model . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lead d Phe Pro Arg 2 benzothiazoles 3 , 4 , and 68 displayed good selectivity for thrombin over other key coagulation enzymes ( e . g . , factor Xa , plasmin , protein Ca , uPA , tPA , and streptokinase ) ; however , their selectivity for thrombin over trypsin was modest ( < 25 fold ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have previously found that tissue type and urokinase type plasminogen activators ( tPA and uPA ) are induced in dorsal root ganglia ( DRG ) neurons after peripheral axotomy and that tPA plays crucial roles in generating neuropathic pain . ^^^ Here we examined whether the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) mRNA , endogenous inhibitors of tPA and uPA , are induced in the DRG following sciatic nerve transection . ^^^ Co expression of PAI 1 , 2 with tPA and uPA in DRG neurons suggests that these inhibitors may act in an autocrine manner to modulate extracellular proteolytic activity after nerve injury . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A series of indole / benzoimidazole 5 carboxamidines have been reported to inhibit various trypsin like serine proteases viz . uPA , tPA , factor Xa , thrombin , plasmin , and trypsin , which are involved in various types of pathophysiological conditions such as cancer progression , thrombosis etc . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Levels of plasminogen activity , uPA , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , and their inhibitor , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) were measured in tears and plasma of patients with VKC . ^^^ The presence of tPA , uPA , and urokinase receptor ( uPAR ) in conjunctival tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry . uPA , uPAR , and PAI 1 expression and production were measured in conjunctival epithelial cell and fibroblast cultures treated with cytokines . ^^^ RESULTS : Tear levels of uPA and tPA and tear plasminogen activity levels were significantly greater in patients with VKC than in control subjects . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Tissue type plasminogen activator deficient ( tPA ( / ) ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator deficient ( uPA ( / ) ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 deficient ( PAI 1 ( / ) ) , alpha 2 antiplasmin deficient ( alpha 2 AP ( / ) ) mice , and their wild type counterparts were used . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : The results strongly suggest that endogenous tPA , but not uPA acts as a facilitator in NMDA induced retinal cell damage , and that its mechanism may not be associated with cleavage of plasminogen into plasmin in the fibrinolytic cascade . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A coordinated increase in tPA and its inhibitor PAI 1 expression in the monkey and rat CL may be instrumental in initiating luteal regression in both species , and correlated well with the timing of the closure of the implantation window , whereas high uPA activity in the CL is important for the early formation of the CL and for maintaining its function which is closely correlated to the period of establishment of the implantation window . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of the fibrinolytic system is dependent on the conversion of the plasma zymogen , plasminogen ( Pg ) , to the serine protease plasmin ( Pm ) by the physiological activators urokinase type Pg activator ( uPA ) or tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The plasminogen activator ( PA ) system comprises the 2 serine proteases , urokinase PA ( uPA ) and tissue PA ( tPA ) , the 2 serpin inhibitors , PAI 1 and PAI 2 and the uPA receptor ( uPAR ; CD 87 ) . ^^^ High levels of uPA , PAI 1 , uPA PAI 1 complex and uPAR in breast cancer tissue are associated with poor prognosis , while high levels of tPA or PAI 2 correlate with good prognosis . ^^^ In this study , pre operative plasma levels of uPA , PAI 1 , uPAR , tPA , uPA PAI 1 complex , and tPA PAI 1 complex were measured in patients with benign ( n=103 ) and malignant breast disease ( n=113 ) by immunoenzymatic assays ( ELISA ) . ^^^ While plasma antigen levels of uPA , PAI 1 , uPA PAI 1 complex and uPAR were not significantly different in the 2 groups , antigen levels of tPA and tPA PAI 1 complex were significantly higher in patients with breast carcinoma compared to the control group . ^^^ In plasma from the breast cancer patients , uPA levels correlated weakly but significantly with those of tPA ( r=0 . 20 , p=0 . 035 ) and uPAR ( r=0 . 208 , p=0 . 028 ) . tPA levels correlated strongly with tPA PAI 1 complex ( r=0 . 972 , p=0 . 0001 ) while uPA PAI 1 levels were significantly associated with PAI 1 levels ( r=0 . 534 , p < 0 . 0001 ) , tPA levels ( r=0 . 348 , p=0 . 0003 ) and tPA PAI 1 levels ( r=0 . 356 , p=0 . 002 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study attempted to verify the existence of a relationship between SOX documented by Cu / Zn superoxide dismutase ( Cu / Zn SOD ) and fibrinolysis analyzed by tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and plasmin / antiplasmin ( PAP ) complexes in dialysis patients . ^^^ PAI 1 / uPA ratio and PAI 1 / tPA ratio were significantly decreased in CAPD and HD compared to controls , being significantly lower in CAPD patients relative to HD patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
VEC null cells also present an altered fibrinolytic activity with increases in tPA , uPA , uPAR and a strong reduction in PAI 1 , which may be correlated to the high incidence of abrupt hemorrhages in VEC null tumors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Skeletal muscle regeneration induced by injury has been analyzed in urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , plasminogen ( Plg ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) deficient mice and has demonstrated profound effects of these molecules on the fibrotic state and the inflammatory response , which contribute to muscle repair . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we report that prostate carcinoma cells LNCaP and PC 3 autoactivate latent full length PDGF D into its active form under serum independent conditions and that this autoactivation is inhibited by PAI 1 , a urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) / tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) inhibitor . ^^^ Interestingly , uPA , but not the closely related protease tPA , is capable of processing recombinant latent PDGF DD into the active form . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we injected kainic acid ( KA ) , a glutamate receptor agonist that specifically hyperstimulates non NMDA type receptors , into the vitreous humor of CD 1 mice and have investigated the role of plasminogen activators ( PAs ) [ tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) ] in excitotoxicity induced retinal damage . ^^^ Injection of KA into the vitreous humor led to an up regulation in tPA and an induction in uPA activity in the retina and this was associated with activation of zymogen plasminogen to active plasmin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the 14th day adhesions were evaluated and tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) type 1 and 2 were measured in peritoneal biopsy specimens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
EEIIMD blocked dilation to the plasminogen activator agonists uPA and tPA while responses to SNP and papaverine were unchanged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Memantine , which is known to be a moderate affinity , uncompetitive , NMDA receptor antagonist , was investigated with regard to its ability to block the glutamate overstimulation and tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) / urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) / matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) 9 modulation in experimental ICH . ^^^ Memantine also exerted a profound inhibitory effect on the upregulation of tPA / uPA mRNA , and finally decreased the MMP 9 level in the hemorrhagic brain . ^^^ Here , we show that memantine causes a reduction of hematoma expansion , coupled with an inhibitory effect on the tPA / uPA and MMP 9 level . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interestingly , we observed that fibrin also induced the expression of tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 by casein zymographic and reverse zymographic analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Hypercapnic ( Pco 2 75 mm Hg ) and hypotensive ( mean arterial blood pressure decreased by 45 % ) pial artery dilation ( PAD ) was blunted after H / I and reversed to vasoconstriction in animals pretreated with tPA or uPA ( 10 ( 7 ) mol / L ; 26+ / 2 , 11+ / 1 , and 4+ / 1 % for hypercapnia before , after H / I , and after H / I with tPA ) . ^^^ In animals pretreated with EEIIMD ( 10 ( 7 ) mol / L ) , a peptide that binds uPA and tPA but does not affect proteolysis or soluble uPA receptor ( suPAR , 10 ( 7 ) mol / L ) , which binds but does not affect the proteolytic activity of uPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro studies revealed complex formation between neuroserpin and different serine proteases , i . e . tPA , uPA , and plasmin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE ( S ) : After 24 hours ' incubation , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) levels were determined in medium and cell lysates by using ELISA techniques . ^^^ RESULT ( S ) : In medium of co cultures , tPA and PAI 1 concentrations were statistically significantly increased compared with the case of monocultures , whereas uPA concentration was statistically significantly decreased . ^^^ In cell lysates of co cultures , PAI 1 concentration was statistically significantly increased compared with the case of monocultures , whereas tPA and uPA were unaffected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The most upregulated gene identified encodes plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 , Serpine 1 ) , a protease inhibitor that blocks urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) activity . ^^^ Because PAI 1 , uPA , and tPA influence growth factor and cytokine processing as well as extracellular matrix remodeling , we evaluated the role of PAI 1 in cholestatic liver injury by comparing the injury and repair processes in wild type ( WT ) and PAI 1 deficient ( PAI 1 / ) mice after BDL . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This turnover is regulated by matrix metalloproteinases ( MMPs ) , tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases ( TIMPs ) , and the plasminogen activation system , including tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) . ^^^ In this study , we examined the effect of IL 1alpha on the expression of the MMPs , TIMPs , tPA , uPA , and PAI 1 genes in osteoblasts derived from the rat osteosarcoma cell line ROS 17 / 2 . 8 . ^^^ The levels of MMPs , TIMPs , uPA , tPA , and PAI 1 expression were estimated by determining the mRNA levels using real time RT PCR and by determining protein levels using ELISA . ^^^ The expression of tPA increased greatly during the proliferative stage of culture , and uPA expression increased throughout the culture period , increasing markedly from the proliferative to the later stages of culture . ^^^ These results suggest that IL 1alpha stimulate bone matrix turnover by increasing MMPs , tPA , and uPA production and decreasing PAI 1 production by osteoblasts , and incline the turnover to the resolution . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We analyzed cDNA expression by using the CNIO OncoChipTM , a cDNA microarray containing a total of 6386 genes represented by 7237 clones . uPA , uPAr , tPA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 were also studied at RNA and protein levels . ^^^ Microarrays of cDNA expression , RT PCR and Western blot performed in IMR 90 E1A expressing cells showed downregulation of uPA , uPAr , tPA , PAI 1 and upregulation of PAI 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The abundance of mRNA encoding PN 1 , tissue type PA ( tPA ) , urokinase ( uPA ) and PA inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) were initially upregulated by human chorionic gonadotropin ( hCG ) in bovine preovulatory follicular wall homogenates . ^^^ PN 1 , PAI 1 and tPA mRNA expression then decreased near the expected time of ovulation , whereas uPA mRNA levels remained high . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We wanted to study plasminogen activators , urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) and their inhibitor PAI 1 , which have not earlier been studied comprehensively in cutaneous NF 1 related tumors . ^^^ We analyzed the distribution of uPA , tPA and PAI 1 antigen level by immunohistochemistry and mRNA level by in situ hybridization , to identify which cells are primarily involved in proteolytic activity and plasminogen activation . ^^^ Large extent of tumor cells of Schwann cell origin and prominent expression levels of uPA , tPA and PAI 1 indicated that these cells are responsible for the main source of PA components in cutaneous NF 1 related neurofibromas . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) may play a role in the pathogenesis . ^^^ Tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) may play a role in the pathogenesis . ^^^ Assay indicators for the therapeutic effect include worm recovery , histopathological score of meningitis , tPA , uPA , total protein , and leukocyte counts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The activities of tissue and urokinase plasminogen activators ( tPA and uPA , respectively ) , the relative inhibition of tPA , and the amounts of plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 , respectively ) in cell free saliva were studied . ^^^ The activities of tPA and uPA , and tPA inhibition , were measured using in house microtiter plate assays , and PAI 1 and PAI 2 levels were measured using commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) kits . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The most potent compound had a Ki of 10nM and > 1000 fold selectivity over uPA , tPA , FX ( a ) , thrombin , and plasmin . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In a cell free system , using tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) to activate plasminogen , PAI 1 inhibited plasmin generation induced by both activators , whereas IGFBP 5 prevented the effects of PAI 1 on tPA but not uPA . ^^^ Indeed , IGFBP 5 and the C term E and F were all able to enhance the activity of tPA but not uPA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Bone matrix turnover is regulated by matrix metalloproteinases ( MMPs ) , tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases ( TIMPs ) , and the plasminogen activation system , including tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) . ^^^ Here , we examined the effect of mechanical stress on the expression of MMPs , TIMPs , tPA , uPA , and PAI 1 in Saos 2 cells . ^^^ The levels of MMPs , TIMPs , uPA , tPA , and PAI 1 gene expression were estimated by determining the mRNA levels using real time PCR , and the protein levels were determined using ELISA . ^^^ The expression levels of MMP 1 , MMP 2 , MMP 14 , and TIMP 1 markedly exceeded the control levels at 1 . 0g / cm ( 2 ) of compressive force , whereas the expression levels of MMP 3 , MMP 13 , TIMP 2 , TIMP 3 , TIMP 4 , tPA , uPA , and PAI 1 markedly exceeded the control levels at 3 . 0g / cm ( 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The rabbit myxoma viral serpin , Serp 1 inhibits urokinase and tissue type plasminogen activators ( uPA and tPA ) , plasmin and factor Xa in vitro and exhibits remarkable anti inflammatory activity in various animal models . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We studied levels of major plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) in lungs of preterm infants with RDS . ^^^ METHODS : The antigen levels of PAI 1 , tPA , and uPA were measured in 262 samples of tracheal aspirate fluid collected from 37 intubated preterm infants during the first 2 postnatal weeks . ^^^ To examine the expression of PAI 1 , tPA , and uPA in lung tissue , immunohistochemical analyses were performed on autopsy specimens from 7 preterm infants with RDS and 6 newborn infants without pulmonary pathologic conditions . ^^^ RESULTS : For infants with an immature surfactant profile , as indicated by lecithin / sphingomyelin ratios in tracheal aspirate fluid of < 10 , PAI 1 levels and ratios of PAI 1 to uPA and tPA were significantly higher during postnatal days 1 to 2 , compared with infants with lecithin / sphingomyelin ratios of > or = 10 . ^^^ For preterm infants with RDS , immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated increased expression of PAI 1 , tPA , and uPA predominantly in alveolar epithelium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study showed that the activities of tissue type PA ( tPA ) , urokinase type activator ( uPA ) and MMP 9 in cerebrospinal like fluid ( CSF like fluid ) were significantly increased in mice with eosinophilic meningitis compared with uninfected mice . ^^^ Eosinophilia significantly correlated with tPA , uPA and MMP 9 activities , and albumin concentration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Genes encoding murine tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , urokinase ( uPA ) , and vector controls were stably transfected into 4T1 murine mammary cancer cells , and cell proliferation in vitro was analyzed . ^^^ RESULTS : In vitro growth of uPA and tPA overexpressing and control 4T1 cells was similar . ^^^ Median survival was 42 ( 95 % CI = 36 to 44 ) , 55 ( 95 % CI = 48 to 61 ) , and 73 ( 95 % CI = 51 to 86 ) days in the control , tPA , and uPA groups , respectively ( P < . 001 ) . uPA and tPA expressing tumors had reduced angiogenesis and cell proliferation compared with controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activation independent of uPA and tPA maintains wound healing in gene deficient mice . ^^^ Simultaneous ablation of the two known activators of plasminogen ( Plg ) , urokinase type ( uPA ) and the tissue type ( tPA ) , results in a substantial delay in skin wound healing . ^^^ However , wound closure and epidermal re epithelialization are significantly less impaired in uPA ; tPA double deficient mice than in Plg deficient mice . ^^^ Skin wounds in uPA ; tPA deficient mice treated with the broad spectrum matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) inhibitor galardin ( N [ ( 2R ) 2 ( hydroxamido carbonylmethyl ) 4 methylpentanoyl ] L tryptophan methylamide ) eventually heal , whereas skin wounds in galardin treated Plg deficient mice do not heal . ^^^ Furthermore , plasmin is biochemically detectable in wound extracts from uPA ; tPA double deficient mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The functions of the serpin PAI 1 ( plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ) are based on molecular interactions with its target proteases uPA and tPA ( urokinase type and tissue type plasminogen activator respectively ) , with vitronectin and with endocytosis receptors of the low density lipoprotein family . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To investigate the diagnostic value of transforming growth factor beta ( 1 ) ( TGFbeta ( 1 ) ) , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) , and tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) in CSF for leptomeningeal metastasis ( LM ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasmin , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , and urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) activity , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , and alpha 2 antiplasmin ( alpha2AP ) antigen were measured in the AAA wall and juxtamural and luminal aspects of intraluminal thrombus in 18 patients . ^^^ The aneurysm wall contained 100 fold higher tPA activity ( 1 . 06 + / 0 . 34 [ standard error of measurement ] U / mg soluble protein ) compared with juxtamural thrombus ( JMT ) ( 0 . 011 + / 0 . 001 ) and luminal thrombus ( LT ) ( 0 . 01 + / 0 . 001 ) ( p < . 00001 ) and over 6 fold higher uPA activity ( 29 . 3 + / 3 . 4 IU / mg compared with the JMT ( 4 . 3 + / 2 . 4 , p = . 00024 ) and LT ( 7 . 9 + / 1 . 76 , p = . 0005 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
UPA , UPAR , ECE 1 , PAFAH1B1 , PGT , INOS , ENOS , TPA , ICAM 1 , VCAM 1 , PAI 1 , PAI 2 , VWF , PTGDR , F 3 , THBD ) , which was most evident after 24 hours . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To evaluate the role and interaction of plasminogen activators and matrix metalloproteinases ( MMPs ) in arterial remodeling in vivo we compared effects of recombinant urokinase ( uPA ) and tissue type ( tPA ) plasminogen activators on vessel morphology , cell proliferation , inflammatory reaction and MMPs expression in arterial wall after experimental balloon angioplasty . ^^^ Perivascular uPA increased the content and activity of MMPs , while tPA did not induce such changes . ^^^ In mouse model of vascular remodeling based on partial ligation of the carotid the content of uPA correlated with neointima growth , tPA content correlated with outward arterial remodeling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Heparin inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation and suppresses the induction of tPA mRNA and protein while it has little effect on the mRNA of urokinase type plasminogen activator , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 , and a number of genes that are also modulated by serum and phorbol esters . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The catabolism of t PA was not inhibited by an excess of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , and t PA bound to Novikoff membranes was not complexed to PAI 1 , suggesting a mechanism independent of PAI 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of the binding of the single chain chimeric plasminogen activator t PA / scu PA , which contains amino acids 1 to 274 of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and amino acids 138 to 411 of single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA ) , to fibrin on its biochemical properties was investigated in a purified system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two plasminogen activators ( PAs ) : tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , as well as the type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) are synthesized and secreted by rat astrocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Comparative thrombolytic properties of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and K1K2Pu ( a t PA / u PA chimera ) in a combined arterial and venous thrombosis model in the dog . ^^^ The chimeric molecule K1K2Pu , comprising the two kringle domains ( K 1 and K 2 ) of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and the COOH terminal region with the serine protease domain ( Pu ) of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , was previously shown to have a 5 to 10 fold reduced clearance rate with maintained specific thrombolytic activity , resulting in an increased thrombolytic potency in animal models of venous and arterial thrombosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because these molecules lack specificity for the fibrin clot , important efforts have been made to produce , using recombinant DNA technology , agents presenting higher fibrin clot selectivity such as t PA ( tissue type plasminogen activator ) and scu PA ( single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Endometrial tissue explants in culture were found to release urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These complexes were probably formed by activation of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , and not tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , since SF levels of both u PA antigen and u PA plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) complexes were increased in 27 of the 42 patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Depression of tissue type plasminogen activator and enhancement of urokinase type plasminogen activator as an expression of local inflammation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue type plasminogen activator antigen ( t PA : Ag ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator antigen ( u PA : Ag ) , the proenzyme single chain u PA ( scu PA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) were measured in the synovial fluid and plasma of 22 patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) , 13 with seronegative RA , and 23 patients with various forms of arthritis . ^^^ Tissue type plasminogen activator antigen ( t PA : Ag ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator antigen ( u PA : Ag ) , the proenzyme single chain u PA ( scu PA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) were measured in the synovial fluid and plasma of 22 patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) , 13 with seronegative RA , and 23 patients with various forms of arthritis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
So far , the use of the more recently developed thrombolytic agents single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) were disappointing , mainly due to some of their negative properties in vivo , i . e . , rapid inhibition and / or hepatic clearance . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the two HPAs the kringle 2 domain ( K2tu PA ) or the finger and the kringle 2 domains ( FK2tu PA ) of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) are linked to the catalytic protease domain of single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The plasminogen activating activity in normal plasma was only partially blocked ( for 77 % ) with specific antibodies to tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen , plasminogen activators ( PA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , alpha 2 antiplasmin ( alpha 2 AP ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) , fibrinogen / fibrin degradation products ( FDP ) and D dimer were determined to elucidate the role of plasminogen activators and inhibitors in the pathogenesis of accelerated fibrinolysis in schistosomiasis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These findings confirmed that the tissue extracts of PMM contained t PA , and that those of AP contained both t PA and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of the present study was to compare plasma levels of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , before and after 20 min of venous stasis , with those of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) and t PA / PAI 1 complexes , to determine whether both plasminogen activators and their inhibitor respond similarly to the same stimulus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
K1K2Pu , a recombinant t PA / u PA chimera with increased thrombolytic potency , consisting of amino acids 1 to 3 and 87 to 274 of human tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and amino acids 138 to 411 of human single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA ) . ^^^ K1K2Pu , a recombinant t PA / u PA chimera with increased thrombolytic potency in animal models of venous and arterial thrombosis , which consists of amino acids 1 to 3 and 87 to 274 of human tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and amino acids 138 to 411 of human single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA ) , was produced and conditioned for use in patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine the relationship between cardiovascular complications of estrogen therapy and fibrinolysis , fibrinolysis parameters plasminogen , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , were assessed in 12 prostatic cancer patients before and 6 weeks after the onset of estrogen therapy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PC 12 cells were found to contain and release a 70 75 kDa tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and a much less abundant 48 kDa urokinase type plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma samples from 17 patients with endometrial cancer and from 52 patients with cervical carcinoma were determined with respect to their levels of components of the fibrinolytic system ( tissue type plasminogen activator antigen , urokinase type plasminogen activator antigen , plasminogen activator inhibitor activity ) and related to the observed alterations of three acute phase reactants ( C reactive protein , coeruloplasmin , alpha 1 antitrypsin ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TNF induced a brief fourfold increase in the overall plasma plasminogen activator ( PA ) activity peaking after 1 h ( p less than 0 . 0001 ) , which was associated with rises in the antigenic levels of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( p less than 0 . 0001 ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( p less than 0 . 0001 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They also released urokinase type plasminogen activator , but only half as much as do human umbilical vein endothelial cells ; release of tissue type plasminogen activator was not observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , it did not significantly modulate urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) , and tissue factor ( TF ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although there was no change in urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) increased significantly after 5 min . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vitronectin endows plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , the fast acting inhibitor of both tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , with additional thrombin inhibitory properties . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We measured antigen levels of 2 kinds of plasminogen activator , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( UK ) , as well as those of their primary inhibitors , type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) and type 2 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 2 ) , in tissue extracts from benign and malignant breast tumors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Clot selective coronary thrombolysis with low dose synergistic combinations of single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator and recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator . ^^^ The effect of simultaneous infusions of low dose recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA , pro urokinase ) on coronary arterial thrombolysis was investigated in 23 patients treated within 6 hours ( mean 2 . 6 + / 1 . 1 , range 1 . 2 to 5 . 9 ) of symptoms of an acute myocardial infarction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The PAA was due to both types of plasminogen activator ; tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hybrid molecules containing the catalytic domain of either tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) or single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scuPA ) , and the fibrin binding domain of a murine antifibrin monoclonal antibody were constructed using either cDNA or genomic DNA encoding the plasminogen activator and genomic DNA encoding antifibrin monoclonal antibody 59D8 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Forty one patients with acute myocardial infarction received a combination low dose thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator ( rt PA ) and human single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A cyclopeptidic suicide substrate preferentially inactivates urokinase type plasminogen activator . c [ Arg aB ( CH2+SCH3 phi ) Gly 4 ] was designed and studied as a mechanism based inactivator ( suicide substrate ) for plasminogen activators ( u PA and t PA ) and plasmin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The plasminogen activating activity in plasma from healthy volunteers after infusion of desamino D arginine vasopressin ( DDAVP ) was only partially blocked ( for 77 % ) with specific antibodies to tissue type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A decreased PAI expressed against tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) was found in lungs of all treated rats compared to controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PAI 1 is a physiological inhibitor of both tissue type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator , key enzymes in the initiation of fibrinolysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Antibody against tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) inhibited the EGF stimulated cell migration in both assays by approximately 70 % , but antibody against urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) could not inhibit its migration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We studied the substrate specificity , particularly the preference for arginyl over lysyl peptide bonds , of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) as well as of two chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the reversible interaction of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 with tissue type plasminogen activator and with urokinase type plasminogen activator . ^^^ The second order association rate constant ( k 1 ) of complex formation of recombinant two chain tissue type plasminogen activator ( rt PA ) or recombinant two chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( rtcu PA ) by recombinant plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( rPAI 1 ) is 2 . 9 + / 0 . 4 10 10 ( 7 ) M 1 s 1 ( mean + / S . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) antigen , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) antigen and activity , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) type 1 antigen , PAI activity , antithrombin ( AT ) 3 activity , and protein C activity were measured in 24 patients suffering from sepsis or septic shock and the results were compared with those observed in 30 non sepsis patients with severe infectious disease . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The recombinant chimeric plasminogen activator , rt PA delta FE / scu PA e , consisting of amino acids 1 to 3 and 87 to 274 of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and amino acids 138 to 411 of single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA ) , has a markedly increased thrombolytic potency following its continuous intravenous infusion in animal models of venous thrombosis ( Collen et al , Circulation , in press ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chimeric molecules comprising the A chain of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and the catalytic domain of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) have intact enzymatic characteristics of u PA , partial fibrin binding properties of t PA , and thrombolytic properties in animal models comparable with but not superior to those of single chain u PA ( scu PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We determined plasma levels of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) antigen , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) antigen , and activity of the fast acting inhibitor of plasminogen activator ( PAI 1 ) in patients with different stages of liver cirrhosis ( Child A , B , and C ) and in age and sex matched healthy controls to investigate the contribution of the liver to the metabolism of these main components of the fibrinolytic system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In three of these five cell lines , this process was mediated by tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and in the other two cell lines by urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We measured antigen levels of two kinds of plasminogen activators , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( UK ) , as well as their primary inhibitor , type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) in the tissue extracts of benign and malignant breast tumors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Neoplastic growth and metastatic spread of adenocarcinomas is characterized by a marked increase of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and a decrease of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The binding of plasminogen to preformed human plasma clots immersed in citrated human plasma was measured and correlated with the sensitivity of these clots to lysis with recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator ( rt PA ) , recombinant single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( rscu PA ) or two chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( tcu PA , urokinase ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Intravenous thrombolytic therapy with a combination of single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator and recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction . ^^^ The effects of simultaneous intravenous infusions of 12 mg recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator ( rt PA ) over 30 minutes and 48 mg single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scuPA ) over 40 minutes were studied in 38 patients with acute myocardial infarction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of fibrin targeting of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) on its fibrinolytic potency was studied using recombinant fusion proteins of u PA with the NH 2 terminal region of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA / u PA ) and chemical complexes of u PA with F ( ab ' ) 2 fragments of a fibrin specific monoclonal antibody ( u PA / MA 15C5 F ( ab ' ) 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tissue specific distribution of tissue type and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( t PA and u PA ) and their inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) was analyzed at mRNA level in five major rat organ tissues . t PA mRNA was detected in lung , kidney , heart , and liver . u PA mRNA was detected in kidney and lung . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Apart from tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , a third PA appears to occur in human plasma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These include streptokinase , urokinase , recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator ( rt PA ) , anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex ( APSAC ) and single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA , prourokinase ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of domain deletion and / or duplication mutants of a recombinant chimera of tissue type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( rt PA / u PA ) . ^^^ Chimeric molecules comprising the A chain of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and the catalytic domain of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) have intact enzymatic characteristics of u PA , but only partial fibrin binding properties of t PA ( Nelles et al . , J Biol Chem 1987 ; 262 : 10855 62 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These include streptokinase , urokinase , recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator ( rt PA ) , anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex ( APSAC ) and single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA , prourokinase ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The agents that have been used in humans thus far include streptokinase and urokinase , as well as tissue type plasminogen activator and , most recently , single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator or pro urokinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA , prourokinase ) are more fibrin specific ; however , at the large dosages of activator needed for therapeutic efficacy , bleeding complications are still a problem . ^^^ Tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA , prourokinase ) are more fibrin specific ; however , at the large dosages of activator needed for therapeutic efficacy , bleeding complications are still a problem . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The thrombolytic agents currently in use or being extensively evaluated include streptokinase , urokinase , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex ( APSAC or anistreplase ) , and single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects of exogenously added urokinase type plasminogen activator , tissue type plasminogen activator , plasmin and thrombin on the proliferation of primary cultures of cells derived from prostatic hyperplasia or prostatic carcinomas were investigated by measuring the incorporation of 3H thymidine into the cultures . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) has a high affinity for fibrin , which is in contrast to urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) . ^^^ Tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) has a high affinity for fibrin , which is in contrast to urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This line has the following biological characters . 1 ) Spontaneous lung metastases are made in nude mice inoculated subcutaneously . 2 ) This line can produce some kinds of proteases , like as tissue type plasminogen activator , urokinase type plasminogen activator and collagenase . 3 ) KUM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In resection tissue samples of colorectal carcinomas , the concentration of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u Pa ) was found to be significantly higher than in the normal parent mucosal tissue , while there was less tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) . u PA and t PA were also determined in endoscopic biopsies of colonic and gastric carcinomas , and the results were compared with those of the ultimate resection samples of the same patients , and with the histological evaluation of adjacent biopsies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Potentiation by Lys plasminogen of clot lysis by single or two chain urokinase type plasminogen activator or tissue type plasminogen activator . ^^^ Study has been made of the influence of addition of human NH 2 terminal glutamic acid plasminogen ( Glu Plg ) or human NH 2 terminal lysine plasminogen ( Lys Plg ) to normal citrated plasma upon the rate of lysis of fully crosslinked plasma clots in the presence of single or two chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA / tcu PA ) or tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Additive fibrinolysis by recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator ( r t PA ) and recombinant single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( r scu PA ) in rabbit pulmonary thrombosis . ^^^ The mode of interaction between recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator ( r t PA ) and recombinant single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( r scu PA ) has been investigated in in vivo experiments . 125J fibrin labeled clots were embolized via a jugular vein into the lungs of anesthetized rabbits . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect was studied with plasma clots before or after mechanical compression and with whole blood clots before or after retraction , using either the fibrin specific plasminogen activators recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator ( rt PA ) or recombinant single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( rscu PA ) , and the non fibrin specific activators recombinant two chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( rtcu PA ) , or streptokinase ( SK ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
New thrombolytic agents , such as tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , single chain urokinase type Plasminogen Activator ( scuPA ) and Anisoylated Plasminogen Streptokinase Activator Complex ( APSAC ) have been evaluated in clinical trials . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Several human lung tumor cell lines derived from large cell , squamous cell , and small cell carcinomas , as well as from mesotheliomas of the lung have been investigated for their gene expression and secretion of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Five thrombolytic agents are either available or under clinical investigation : streptokinase ( SK ) , urokinase ( UK ) , recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator ( rt PA ) , anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex ( APSAC ) and single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA , pro urokinase ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Potentiation by heparin fragments of thrombolysis induced with human tissue type plasminogen activator or human single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of a fusion protein consisting of amino acids 1 to 263 of tissue type plasminogen activator and amino acids 144 to 411 of urokinase type plasminogen activator . ^^^ A hybrid human cDNA was constructed by splicing of a cDNA fragment of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , encoding 5 ' untranslated , the pre pro region and amino acids Ser 1 Thr263 , with a cDNA fragment of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , encoding amino acids Leu 144 Leu411 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The only thrombolytic agents with a relative fibrin specificity available for clinical purposes are tissue type plasminogen activator and single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have studied the regulation by glucocorticoids and dibutyryl cAMP of the amounts of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and a Mr approximately 54000 plasminogen activator inhibitor accumulated in serum free conditioned culture fluid by a human fibrosarcoma , a human glioblastoma and a human melanoma cell line ( HT 1080 , UCT / gl 1 and Bowes ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activation is mediated by plasminogen activators which are classified as either tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) or urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) . t PA and single chain u PA ( scu PA ) induce clot specific thrombolysis , however via entirely different mechanisms . t PA is relatively inactive in the absence of fibrin , but fibrin strikingly enhances the activation rate of plasminogen by t PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The inhibitor inhibited human urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator , but not plasmin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The urokinase inhibitor was inactive towards single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator and plasmin , but it inhibited two chain tissue type plasminogen activator with a k below 10 ( 3 ) M 1 s 1 and thrombin with a k of 4 10 10 ( 4 ) M 1 s 1 in the absence and 2 10 10 ( 5 ) M 1 s 1 in the presence of heparin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The existence of significant synergism between tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA ) , and between t PA and urokinase in thrombolysis in vivo is described . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Absence of synergism between tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA ) and urokinase on clot lysis in a plasma milieu in vitro . ^^^ A potential synergic effect of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA ) or urokinase on clot lysis was investigated in a whole human plasma system in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the interim , more fibrin specific thrombolytic agents have been developed such as acylated streptokinase human plasminogen complex , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA or pro urokinase ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA ) : potential for fibrin specific thrombolytic therapy . ^^^ Tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA ) : potential for fibrin specific thrombolytic therapy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutant urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) genes and hybrid genes between tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and u PA have been designed to direct the synthesis of new plasminogen activators and to investigate the structure function relationship in these molecules . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of a recombinant fusion protein of the finger domain of tissue type plasminogen activator with a truncated single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator . ^^^ Human recombinant single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( recombinant scu PA ) and a hybrid between human tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and scu PA , obtained by ligation of cDNA fragments encoding the NH 2 terminal region ( amino acids 1 67 ) of t PA and the COOH terminal region ( amino acids 136 411 ) of scu PA , were expressed in a mammalian cell system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Coronary arterial thrombolysis with low dose synergistic combinations of recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator ( rt PA ) and recombinant single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( rscu PA ) for acute myocardial infarction . ^^^ The effect of combined intravenous infusion of 10 mg of recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator ( rt PA ) and 10 mg of recombinant single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator over 1 hour on coronary artery recanalization and on the blood fibrinolytic system was studied in 9 patients with acute myocardial infarction and angiographically confirmed coronary artery occlusion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Synergism of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA ) on clot lysis in vitro and a mechanism for this effect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator ( rt PA ) and single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA ) are thrombolytic agents , characterized by a high but not absolute degree of fibrin specificity that is mediated through different molecular mechanisms . ^^^ Research is being pursued in this area along the following lines : 1 ) tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator in molar ratios of 4 : 1 to 1 : 4 do not act synergistically on thrombolysis in a plasma environment in vitro , but display significant synergism in animal models of thrombosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The transcription of genes which are positively regulated by glucocorticoids ( e . g . , tissue type plasminogen activator and c myc in mammary cells , c fos in macrophages ) and that of genes which are negatively regulated by these agents ( e . g . , urokinase type plasminogen activator in all three cell types , TNF a and IL 1 in macrophages ) was explored . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human plasma contains two physiologic activators of the fibrinolytic system : prourokinase , also called single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA ) , and tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Synergistic effect on thrombolysis of sequential infusion of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA ) and urokinase in the rabbit jugular vein thrombosis model . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemical localization of urokinase type plasminogen activator in Sertoli cells and tissue type plasminogen activator in spermatogenic cells in the rat seminiferous epithelium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Construction and expression of hybrid plasminogen activators prepared from tissue type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator genes . ^^^ Recent data from several studies have suggested that the non protease domains in tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) determine their biological specificities , including binding to fibrin clots and survival in the circulatory system ( Van Zonneveld , A . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activation is mediated by plasminogen activators which are classified as either tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) or urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Urokinase type plasminogen activator levels , although elevated in three patients , were disassociated from increased t PA levels and concomitant systemic fibrinolysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator is a serine protease which exists in two forms , known as tissue type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma concentrations of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( competitive radioimmunoassay ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( functional assay ) were measured in 17 women with endometrial cancer and 52 women with cervical carcinoma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Blood was collected at least 3 months after the last acute episode , and PAI 1 antigen and activity , as well as tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) antigen , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) antigen , and fibrinolytic activity were measured in these samples . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Highly purified plasminogen activator inhibitors of type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and type 2 ( PAI 2 ) , low Mr form , were compared with respect to their kinetics of inhibition of tissue type ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recombinant DNA technology has allowed large scale production of the physiological , fibrin specific , plasminogen activators tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Later subcultures ( greater than 4th passage ) produce increasing amounts of t PA antigen , consisting of a major Mr 110 , 000 and a minor Mr 68 , 000 form as well as increasing amounts of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) antigen , consisting of a minor Mr 95 , 000 and major Mr 54 , 000 form . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The granulosa cells of 49 follicles from 20 patients undergoing in vitro fertilization were obtained by laparoscopy and tested for the content of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and inhibitor of plasminogen activator ( PAI ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Primary cultures of renal cell carcinomas and of the corresponding normal adjacent kidney tissue from 6 patients were analyzed for the effects of exogenously added urokinase type plasminogen activator on cell proliferation as compared to the effects of tissue type plasminogen activator , plasmin and dihydrocortisone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PAI 1 inhibits both tissue type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator and may therefore be implicated in the control of various physiological processes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human endometrial adenocarcinoma HEC 1 A and HEC 1 B cells produce and secrete the urokinase type plasminogen activator and trace amounts of the tissue type plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The only thrombolytic agents with a relative fibrin selectivity presently available for clinical purposes are tissue type plasminogen activator and single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator . ^^^ Also chimaeric molecules combining fragments of tissue type plasminogen activator and single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator have already been constructed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three different commercially available plasminogen preparations ( Immuno , Kabi , and Behring plasminogens ) were examined regarding purity and reactivity to different activators ( high molecular weight [ HMW ] or low molecular weight [ LMW ] two chain urokinase type plasminogen activator [ tcu PA ] , single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator [ scu PA ] , tissue type plasminogen activator [ t PA ] , and streptokinase [ SK ] ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Together with t PA , human microvascular cells release urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) antigen and endothelial cell type PA inhibitor , PA inhibitor 1 , which were both demonstrated by specific immunoprecipitation from radiolabeled endothelial cell conditioned medium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To study the relationship between PA expression and the development of colorectal cancer , we determined urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) activity in normal mucosa ( n = 80 ) , adenomatous polyps ( n = 76 ) , and adenocarcinomas ( n = 71 ) of the colon . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All plasminogen activator activity was of the tissue type ( t PA ) as judged from the following criteria : all enzyme activity was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody against human t PA , while there was no measurable inhibition by a monoclonal antibody against human urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) ; as determined by zymography the extracts contained one type of plasminogen activator which had an electrophoretic mobility identical to that of purified t PA ; this plasminogen activator was removed by passage through a Sepharose column coupled with a monoclonal antibody against t PA , but not by passage through a column coupled with a monoclonal antibody against u PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Confluent cultures of bovine aortic endothelial cells ( BEC ) were found to secrete both tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Active bands of free and complexed tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) or urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) were identified by the incorporation of specific antibodies against , respectively , t PA or u PA in the indicator gel . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen ( PG ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and tissue type PA ( t PA ) are the main molecules involved in fibrinolysis and in many other physiological and pathological processes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To evaluate the role of mesothelial cells ( MC ) in the high peritoneal fibrin turnover we investigated the expression of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) , and tissue factor in cultured human peritoneal MC under basal conditions and after exposure to tumour necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ) , interleukin 1 alpha ( IL 1 alpha ) , or bacterial lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These findings suggest the possibility that the cerebral microvasculature may be a specialized region of the vascular system in which urokinase type plasminogen activator , not tissue type plasminogen activator , is the key catalyst of fibrin lysis when the brain responds to thrombotic events and that alpha thrombin may regulate repair of the cerebral microvascular system . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The plasminogen / plasmin or fibrinolytic system with its physiological triggers , tissue type plasminogen activator , and urokinase type plasminogen activator has been presumed to participate in normal and pathological processes of the vessel wall such as blood clot dissolution ( thrombolysis ) , hemostasis , aneurysm formation , neovascularization , restenosis , and atherosclerosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All specimens exhibited specific areas of inflammatory infiltrates with macrophage like cells expressing urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and tissue type PA ( t PA ) mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To elucidate the pathophysiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ( IPF ) , we examined procoagulant ( tissue factor : TF ) , fibrinolytic ( tissue type plasminogen activator : t PA and urokinase type plasminogen activator : u PA ) and antifibrinolytic ( plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 : PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) activities in bronchoalveolar lavage ( BAL ) supernatant fluids and BAL cell lysates obtained from IPF patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Like tissue type plasminogen activator and two chain urokinase type plasminogen activator , pro urokinase has a very short half life in circulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Nude mice have been subcutaneously inoculated with human tumorigenic fibrosarcoma cells ( HT 1080 ) producing urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) or with human tumorigenic melanoma cells ( G 361 ) producing tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Zymographic and immunological studies revealed that primarily tissue type plasminogen activator and to a lesser extent urokinase type plasminogen activator were present in fluids of pemphigus vulgaris ( type Neumann ) skin blisters . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA , 0 . 3 and 1 mg / kg ) , single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA , 5 and 15 mg / kg ) and a novel thrombolytic agent , staphylokinase ( SAK , 0 . 3 and 1 mg / kg ) were intravenously infused for 30 min after arterial occlusion by a photochemically induced reaction between rose bengal and light ( 540 nm ) . ^^^ Tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA , 0 . 3 and 1 mg / kg ) , single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA , 5 and 15 mg / kg ) and a novel thrombolytic agent , staphylokinase ( SAK , 0 . 3 and 1 mg / kg ) were intravenously infused for 30 min after arterial occlusion by a photochemically induced reaction between rose bengal and light ( 540 nm ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Biological effects of disruption of the tissue type plasminogen activator , urokinase type plasminogen activator , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 genes in mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activation by two chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( urokinase ) , two chain tissue type plasminogen activator ( tc tPA ) or trypsin , but not by single chain tPA ( sc tPA ) is increased 5 to 10 fold by both substrates , as determined by electrophoretic and spectrophotometric kinetic analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated immunohistochemically the localization of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , plasmin inhibitor ( PI ) , and transforming growth factor beta ( TGA beta ) in tissue sections to examine the relationships between their localization and local invasiveness , tumor size and cervical lymph node metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas ( SCCs ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The regulatory role of fibrin in plasminogen activation involving its direct interaction with tissue type plasminogen activator and indirect interaction with urokinase type plasminogen activator is demonstrated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two immunologically distinct plasminogen activators have been identified : tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Five products of human breast carcinoma cells , including membrane associated phospholipase A 2 ( M PLA 2 ) , polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase ( PMN E ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , and endothelin 1 ( ET 1 ) , have been implicated in the processes of tumor cell invasion and metastasis in human breast carcinoma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In a placebo controlled , blinded crossover study , eight volunteers were challenged twice with an intravenous bolus injection of endotoxin ( 40 EU / kg of body weight ) and concurrently received either rBPI 23 ( 1 mg / kg ) or placebo ( human serum albumin , 0 . 2 mg / kg ) . rBPI 23 treatment significantly lowered the endotoxin induced fibrinolytic response , ie , reduced the release of tissue type plasminogen activator , urokinase type plasminogen activator , plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen , and complex formation of plasmin alpha 2 antiplasmin ( P = . 0078 for each ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
LS 174T exhibited high cell associated urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and high secreted u PA and tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We compared the thrombolytic properties of recombinant staphylokinase ( SAK ) with those of streptokinase ( SK ) , a tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and a urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) in the jugular vein thrombosis model in the rabbit in vivo and a circulating human plasma system in vitro . 50 % thrombolysis was observed at 360 min after intravenous infusion into rabbits of 150 micrograms / kg of SAK or 500 micrograms / kg of t PA , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The conversion of normal appearing colonic mucosa to neoplastic tissue in these patients was associated with an increase in urokinase type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 , accompanied by a decreased level of tissue type plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chimeric plasminogen activators ( Figure 4 ) consisting of parts of t PA and the single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA ) did not significantly improve at the same time fibrin specificity and thrombolytic potency of the natural occurring molecules . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS AND RESULTS : The antithrombotic , thrombolytic , fibrinogenolytic , and pharmacokinetic properties of the following substances were determined in hamsters in the absence of conjunctive anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy : recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator ( rTPA ) , recombinant single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( rscu PA ) , two chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( UK ) , with a rTPA deletion mutant lacking amino acids 6 to 173 and a mutation N184E ( K2Pt ) , a rTPA / rscu PA chimeric plasminogen activator consisting of amino acids 1 to 3 and 87 to 274 of rTPA and amino acids 138 to 411 of rscu PA ( K1K2Pu ) , streptokinase ( SK ) , and recombinant staphylokinase ( STAR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , intra individual comparisons were made of the concentrations of t PA , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , PAI 1 , and PAI 2 in GCF from the same sites before and after periodontal treatment in eight healthy male volunteers aged 35 46 yr . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In 20 tissue samples from human brain tumours the concentrations were measured of ( 1 ) total plasminogen activator activity , ( 2 ) tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) activity , ( 3 ) urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) activity , and ( 4 ) t PA antigen . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rabbits were repeatedly immunized with a chimeric plasminogen activator composed of the kringle 2 domain of human tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) attached to the serine protease domain of the human urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TPA induced only slight reductions , whereas retinoic acid and doxorubicin caused an increase in invasiveness , enzymatic activity and differentiation in the clone showing low invasivity , low urokinase type plasminogen activator levels and high differentiation . ^^^ In contrast , in the clone showing high invasivity , high urokinase type plasminogen activator levels and low differentiation it was found that : TPA was ineffective ; retinoic acid induced a reduction of plasminogen activator but no modifications of invasiveness and differentiation ; doxorubicin caused a decrease in invasiveness and plasminogen activator activity but no modification of morphological features . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Replacement of the native P 14 Thr 333 residue by an Arg ( Thr 333 > Arg ) resulted in complete loss of inhibitory activity toward tissue type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma D dimers ( one ELISA and two latex assays ) , fibrin monomer , prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 ( F1+2 ) , thrombin antithrombin 3 complex ( TAT ) and the t PA PAI 1 complex were all significantly correlated to the extension of DVT , whilst fibronectin , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scru PA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) were not . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They had high predialysis plasma concentrations of endothelium derived glycoproteins : von Willebrand factor , tissue type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator , which are secreted by endothelial cells , but also soluble thrombomodulin , a marker of endothelial cell injury . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human colorectal carcinogenesis has been shown previously to be associated with impressive changes in the tissue levels of plasminogen activators and their inhibitors , exemplified by an increase in the urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and the inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 , and a decrease in tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activity was elevated in the RA treated tissues and this was due to increased amounts of both urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In five children with HUS we performed a prospective study of plasminogen activator activity and two plasminogen activator antigens : tissue type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator before and after intravenous desmopressin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of the p 26 mJUN protein blocked both constitutive and inducible transcriptional trans activation of several AP 1 responsive reporter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase constructs . p 26 mJUN was able to block both 12 O tetradecanoylphorbol 13 acetate ( TPA ) and okadaic acid induced expression of the mouse stromelysin gene in 10Gy5 cells and TPA induced expression of the urokinase type plasminogen activator gene in PDV cells as determined by Northern analyses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As reported in recent literature , heparin stimulated the activation of Lys plasminogen by high molecular weight ( HMW ) and low molecular weight ( LMW ) two chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and two chain tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) 10 to 17 fold . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In both groups , plasma levels of tissue type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator before the operation were higher than those 15 days after operation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fibrin autography exhibited lytic activity at 64 kDa and 54 kDa attributable to tissue type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) , a member of the serpin family of serine protease inhibitors , inhibits both tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Zymographic analyses showed that tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) occurred in association with casein micelles , partially as a complex with type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) , whereas urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) was confined to milk leukocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Forty one patients with acute myocardial infarction were treated with a combination of recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator and human single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator . ^^^ The results demonstrate that high levels of Lp ( a ) do not influence thrombolysis in patients with acute myocardial infarction when low dose pharmacologic concentrations of recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator and human single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator are applied in combination . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rat astrocytes synthesize and secrete two types of plasminogen activators ( PAs ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , whose functions are related to cell proliferation , migration , and differentiation during development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
K2tu PA is a hybrid plasminogen activator linking the kringle 2 domain of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) to the catalytic protease domain of single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In controls mean duodenal tissue type plasminogen activator activity was 4110 and urokinase type plasminogen activator activity 150 ; gastric tissue type plasminogen activator was 2760 and urokinase type plasminogen activator 170 ; plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 was generally undetectable . ^^^ At the edge of active duodenal ulcers tissue type plasminogen activator was considerably reduced , 2220 ( p < 0 . 001 ) whereas urokinase type plasminogen activator was raised , 290 ( p < 0 . 01 ) . ^^^ At the edge of active benign gastric ulcers tissue type plasminogen activator was substantially reduced , 1160 ( p < 0 . 001 ) but urokinase type plasminogen activator was unchanged . ^^^ At the scar of healed duodenal ulcers tissue type plasminogen activator was slightly reduced , 3290 , but urokinase type plasminogen activator was increased , 308 ( p < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : K1K2Pu is a recombinant chimeric tissue type and urokinase type plasminogen activator consisting of the two kringle domains ( K 1 and K 2 ) of human tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and the serine proteinase domain ( Pu ) of single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Specifically , the following components were examined : the enzymes urokinase type plasminogen activator and tissue type plasminogen activator and their type 1 and type 2 inhibitors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The binding activity is species and protein specific in that neither mouse urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) nor human t PA bind to cultured morulae . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Double chain t PA is as efficient as single chain t PA in stimulating smooth muscle cell mitogenesis , whereas single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) or u PA and plasmin or plasminogen are ineffective . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recent findings have elucidated the mechanism for clearance from the extracellular space of the two types of plasminogen activators , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , and their type 1 inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Quantitative zymography and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay were used to determine the amounts of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator , and plasminogen activator inhibitors type 1 and type 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) in benign and malignant primary brain tumors ( n = 28 ) as well as nonneoplastic brain ( n = 5 ) . u PA and PAI 1 antigen were undetectable in normal brain but significantly elevated in glioblastoma multiforme ( u PA , 2 . 86 + / 3 . 01 ng / mg ; PAI 1 , 8 . 19 + / 5 . 57 ng / mg ; P < 0 . 001 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although the vasopressin analogue desamino d arginine vasopressin ( DDAVP ) induces a very well characterized increase in factor 8 ( FVIII ) , von Willebrand factor ( vWF ) , tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , the mechanism ( s ) by which DDAVP enhances the plasma levels of these proteins is poorly understood . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue type plasminogen activator , urokinase type plasminogen activator , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 were also measured by means of enzyme linked immunosorbent assays . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No significant changes in plasma D dimer and fibrinogen values were detected in the two groups . tPA , urokinase type plasminogen activator , PAI 1 and procoagulant activity were evaluated in vitro on cultured human endothelial cells and found to be unchanged following GM CSF addition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Extrapolation of these in vitro results to periimplantational events in humans suggests that under progesterone regulation , decidual cell derived PAI 1 could 1 ) restrain blastocyst invasion of the stroma by inhibiting trophoblast associated urokinase type plasminogen activator , and 2 ) prevent hemorrhage during trophoblast invasion of the endometrial vasculature by inhibiting fibrinolysis mediated by tissue type plasminogen activator . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Functional effects of kringle 2 glycosylation in a hybrid plasminogen activator . uK2t PA is a hybrid plasminogen activator in which the epidermal growth factor like domain of the urokinase type plasminogen activator precedes the kringle 2 and catalytic domains of tissue type plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At the time of fertilization both murine gametes express plasminogen dependent proteolytic activity : unfertilized eggs secrete tissue type plasminogen activator and ejaculated spermatozoa have urokinase type plasminogen activator bound to their surface . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two hybrid plasminogen activators ( K2tu PA and FK2tu PA ) , linking the kringle 2 domain or the finger plus the kringle 2 domains of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) to the catalytic domain of single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA ) were studied . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Carcinogenesis in the human colon is associated with a marked increase of urokinase type plasminogen activator and a decrease of tissue type plasminogen activator . ^^^ This study was performed to determine the concentrations of urokinase type plasminogen activator and tissue type plasminogen activator in normal tissue and carcinomas along the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract . ^^^ Although the concentrations of tissue type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator in normal squamous epithelium of the oesophagus were low compared with those in columnar epithelium from the stomach , the urokinase type plasminogen activator / tissue type plasminogen activator antigen ratio of the different locations showed hardly any difference . ^^^ The increase of urokinase type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator / tissue type plasminogen activator antigen ratio and the decrease of tissue type plasminogen activator in the carcinomas did not show a significant correlation with known prognostic determinants as differentiation grade , TNM classification , intestinal metaplasia , inflammation , and ulceration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) were identified in the ECM by fibrin zymography , immunoblotting , and inhibition of plasminogen activation by anti u PA and anti t PA antibodies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Evolution of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) in orthotopic liver transplantation ( OLT ) . ^^^ Originally , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) was considered to be responsible for the increases , but the efficacy of aprotinin which inhibits besides plasmin also kallikrein and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) suggested also a role for the intrinsic and contact system dependent plasminogen activators . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine whether the fibrin binding domains of tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) can confer enhanced catalytic activity to single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scuPA ) , we constructed , expressed , and characterized the kinetics of five recombinant tPA / scuPA hybrid molecules . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Blood samples were obtained on days 1 , 4 , and 7 after hospital admission to measure tissue type plasminogen activator antigen ( t PA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen ( PAI 1 ) , plasminogen , alpha 2 antiplasmin , fibrinogen , antithrombin 3 , protein C , protein S , thrombin antithrombin complexes ( TAT ) , D dimer , and von Willebrand factor related antigen ( vWF : Ag ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Enhancement of in vitro cytotoxic activity of tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ) was observed in combination with lysosome labilizers , particularly with urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and lipoprotein lipase ( LPL ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mice with combined homozygous deficiency of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) ( T U ) , of t PA and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) ( T P ) , of u PA and PAI 1 ( U P ) or of t PA , u PA , and PAI 1 ( T U P ) were generated by inbreeding of mice with the respective deficiencies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activity and antigen , euglobulin fibrinolytic activity , tissue type plasminogen activator activity and antigen urokinase type plasminogen activator antigen , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 activity and antigen , plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 antigen , tissue type plasminogen activator / plasminogen activator inhibitor complexes , alpha 2 antiplasmin , histidine rich glycoprotein , and fibrinogen / fibrin degradation products were measured in blood samples taken from the umbilical vein of 100 healthy full term newborns . ^^^ We also observed high tissue type plasminogen activator activity levels ( P < 0 . 001 ) , whereas urokinase type plasminogen activator antigen levels were lower than in adults . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two physiological plasminogen activators have been identified : tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Agents available for clinical use are : the physiologic tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) either in a single chain ( scu PA , prourokinase ) or a two chain ( tcu PA , urokinase ) form , and the bacterial activator plasminogen streptokinase or its anisoylated complex with plasminogen ( APSAC ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Three enzyme linked immunosorbent assays for the quantitation of murine tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , were developed using monoclonal antibodies raised against the autologous proteins in gene inactivated mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Univariate analysis showed that a low tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) activity in normal mucosa and in carcinomas and a high antigen level of inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) , and , to a lesser extent , of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) receptor , in carcinomas are associated with a poor overall survival of the patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To further investigate possible involvement of the PA system , we quantified immunoreactive urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , both plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) and u PA receptor ( u PAR ) in synovial tissue extracts of 14 patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) and 12 with osteoarthritis ( OA ) . u PA , PAI 1 , PAI 2 and u PAR concentrations were significantly higher in RA than in OA patients . t PA antigen levels were significantly lower in RA than in OA synovial tissue extracts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Unexpectedly , changes in urokinase type plasminogen activator mRNA but not tissue type plasminogen activator mRNA correlated with fibrin deposition / dissolution in these tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : In patients undergoing gastric surgery for malignant ( n = 18 ) or benign ( n = 21 ) disorders . , blood drawn from the portal vein and a peripheral vein was analysed for tissue type plasminogen activator antigen and activity ( tPA : Ag , tPA : Act ) , single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator activity ( scuPA : Act ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen and activity ( PAI : Ag , PAI : Act ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma samples for prothrombin fragment 1+2 , thrombin antithrombin 3 complex , plasmin alpha 2 antiplasmin complex , tissue type plasminogen activator antigen , urokinase type plasminogen activator antigen , u PA activity , plasminogen activity , alpha 2 antiplasmin and alpha 2 macroglobulin assays were obtained from AVF and contralateral large veins of ESRD patients and from peripheral veins of the control group . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A significant reduction in expression both of tissue type plasminogen activator and of urokinase type plasminogen activator occurred in PA 3 cells accompanying inhibition of IGF IR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Young and senescent cells were compared in quiescent and activated growth conditions for the secretion of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IFN alpha significantly increased plasma levels of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For further characterization of the neuropeptide degrading serine proteinase activities from cell cultures , urokinase type plasminogen activator was identified on microglia by immunostaining , whereas tissue type plasminogen activator mRNA occurred in neurons and astrocytes , but not in microglia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In gastric carcinomas the amount and activity of the tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) have been reported to be decreased , whereas those of the urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) were increased , contributing to the neoplastic and invasive process . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Malignant tissue extracts had significantly higher levels of urokinase type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 , but lower levels of tissue type plasminogen activator than normal mucosa . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Apart from expression of urokinase type plasminogen activator , melanoma cells differ from cells derived from other tumors in the abundant expression of tissue type plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Antigen levels of tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitors type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and PAI 2 in GCF were determined with ELISAs and 17 beta oestradiol and progesterone in serum with radioimmunoassays . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fibrin autography revealed that cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells spontaneously released tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) into the conditioned medium with no stimulus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and PAI 1 were localized in arterial biopsies of healthy and atherosclerotic vessels by immunohistochemistry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We examined the interference of endogenous inhibitors such as plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and alpha 2 antiplasmin , and that of an endogenous activator namely single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA ) on the Coaset t PA assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They bound melanoma t PA to a lower degree and did not bind urokinase type plasminogen activator at all , indicating specificity for t PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Domain domain interactions in hybrids of tissue type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator . ^^^ The plasminogen to plasmin conversion by urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , in contrast to that of t PA , is not enhanced in the presence of fibrin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The antigen levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 ( PAI 2 ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) were measured during pregnancy and severe preeclampsia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The two major fibrinolytic activators , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) may play role in tumor spread and metastasis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To investigate the influence of increased liver blood flow on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator ( rt PA ) and to study the changes in endogenous urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Renal biopsy tissue from 30 patients with MN along with specimens of normal kidney removed from six patients with renal tumors were examined for glomerular deposits of urokinase type plasminogen activator , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , PAI 1 , VN , and fibrinogen by using immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopic techniques . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Detailed analysis of the reaction products formed during the interaction between PAI 1 and its target proteinases tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) or urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , in the presence of these monoclonal antibodies , revealed two distinct mechanisms of PAI 1 inactivation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Compared to the controls , plasma levels of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 antigen , D Dimer and enhanced thrombin generation were significantly ( P < 0 . 0001 ) increased in children with the common factor 5 mutation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During activation of the fibrinolytic system plasminogen is converted to plasmin by tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) or urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) . t PA is predominantly released from endothelial cells , u PA primarily by renal parenchymal cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Wild type PAI 1 ( wtPAI 1 ) revealed the same conformational distribution pattern toward tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) as toward urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) ( i . e . 53 + / 6 . 9 % active , 36 + / 6 . 8 % latent , and 12 + / 1 . 9 % substrate ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Result showed decreased binding of plasminogen and the urokinase type plasminogen activator to the mesangial cell surface while the tissue type plasminogen activator and the plasminogen activator 1 associated with mesangial cells were increased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using this approach , the expression of RNAs for tissue type plasminogen activator , urokinase type plasminogen activator , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 , plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 , protease nexin , and urokinase receptor isoform 1 ( uPAR 1 ) were detected in mouse osteoclasts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Significantly higher levels of cathepsins , urokinase type plasminogen activator , type 1 inhibitor , and significantly lower levels of tissue type plasminogen activator were found in active ulcers . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Our results suggest that impaired fibrinolysis ( tissue type plasminogen activator ) , intramucosal proteases ( cathepsins ) , tissue remodeling , and angiogenesis ( urokinase type plasminogen activator and type 1 inhibitor ) are involved in duodenal ulcer formation and healing . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen dependent and independent proteolytic activity of marine endothelioma ( End ) cells that were derived from mice with targeted inactivation of the tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA / ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA / ) or plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 / ) genes was studied with the use of fibrin and extracellular matrix degradation assays . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Molecular modeling techniques combined with recently acquired biochemical / biophysical data were used to provide insight into the stable complex formation between plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and the target proteinases : tissue type plasminogen activator , urokinase type plasminogen activator , and thrombin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we have significantly extended our earlier observations by identifying t PA variants that are substantially more resistant to inhibition by PAI 1 than any previously reported variants of t PA or urokinase type plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The plasminogen system , via its triggers , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and its inhibitor , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , has been implicated in thrombosis , arterial neointima formation , and atherosclerosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have addressed this issue for two intimately related serine proteases , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , by modifying the technique of substrate phage display to create substrate subtraction libraries . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , a differential distribution of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) has been demonstrated in bovine milk . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study was undertaken to evaluate in vitro the relative importance of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) in the mitogenic and chemotactic potential of bovine fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) and platelet derived growth factor ( PDGF ) BB for smooth muscle cells ( SMC ) . ^^^ Aortic SMC were isolated from transgenic mice showing single inactivations of the t PA , u PA , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 , or urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor ( u PAR ) genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , the anti apoptotic activity of TGFbeta on cultured vascular smooth muscle cells ( SMC ) isolated from the aorta of transgenic mice with single inactivation of genes encoding the tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ( / ) ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ( / ) ) , urokinase receptor ( u PAR ( / ) ) or plasminogen ( Plg ( / ) ) genes was examined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) is the primary physiological inhibitor of both tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : We examined the patterns of expression of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , and vitronectin in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas using immunohistochemical techniques . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasmin , generated from the zymogen plasminogen by tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) or urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ; refs 14 , 15 ) , has been proposed as a possible activator in vitro , but evidence for such a role in vivo is lacking . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , unlike other known plasminogen activator inhibitors , neuroserpin is a more effective inactivator of tPA than of urokinase type plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Components of the coagulation ( thrombin antithrombin complexes , prothrombin fragment F 1 + 2 , activated factor 7 , and factor 7 antigen ) and fibrinolytic ( fibrin split product D dimer , plasmin plasmin inhibitor complex , tissue type plasminogen activator , urokinase type plasminogen activator , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ) systems and markers of endothelial cell perturbation / dysfunction ( von Willebrand factor and thrombomodulin ) were measured before the start of infusion and after 2 , 6 , 12 , and 24 hours . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The influence of loop size and target sequence on selective proteolysis by tissue type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator . ^^^ We have previously used substrate phage display to identify peptide sequences that are efficiently and selectively cleaved by tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) or urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tested hemostatic parameters were urokinase type plasminogen activator , tissue type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor as fibrinolytic parameters and von Willbrand factor , tissue factor , antithrombin 3 , factor 10 and factor Xa as coagulation parameters . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The relative distribution of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) was studied in cultured human gingival fibroblasts , healthy gingival tissues and inflamed gingival tissues by immunohistochemistry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Human RPE cells were transduced with retroviral vectors bearing either a urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) or a tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) cDNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate a potential physiological role of the plasminogen / plasmin system in activation of the matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) system , the distribution of latent and active MMP 2 ( gelatinase A ) or MMP 9 ( gelatinase B ) was monitored in aorta extracts and in serum free conditioned cell culture medium obtained from wild type ( WT ) mice and from mice with deficiency of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ( / ) ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ( / ) ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ( / ) ) or plasminogen ( Plg ( / ) ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Endothelial cells ( ECs ) play a pivotal role in maintaining normal hemostasis by regulating fibrinolysis through the synthesis of plasminogen activators ( PAs ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Leukaemic and normal bone marrow samples were compared in terms of their content of the fibrinolytic agents , tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and their inhibitors . plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The amounts of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , and the activity of u PA and t PA were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) , and u PA and PAI 1 were immunolocalized using monoclonal antibodies in human brain tumours and normal brain tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we determined the plasma and tissue concentrations of tissue type plasminogen activator , urokinase type plasminogen activator , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 , plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 and urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor in 32 patients with pathology proved gastric cancer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tissue concentrations of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor ( u PAR ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) were investigated by an ELISA technique in normal and malignant samples of the prostate from 24 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for organ confined prostate cancer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : We studied seven variables of the coagulation pathway ( PT , aPTT , fibrinogen , FVIII : c , von Willebrand factor , thrombin antithrombin complexes , prothrombin fragments 1+2 ) and seven parameters of the fibrinolytic system ( plasminogen , alpha 2 antiplasmin , C 1 esterase inhibitor , tissue type plasminogen activator , urokinase type plasminogen activator , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 , D dimer ) in 24 pediatric patients with diarrhea associated hemolytic uremic syndrome and in 15 children with acute renal failure not due to hemolytic uremic syndrome . ^^^ In contrast , plasma levels of tissue type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator are significantly higher in the hemolytic uremic patients than in those with acute renal failure of other causes ( P < 0 . 01 and P < 0 . 05 respectively ) . ( 4 ) Hemodialysis leads to an increase in tissue type plasminogen activator antigen and a decrease of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 activity levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , zymographic analysis revealed that noncytotoxic concentrations ( < 10 microM ) of TAC 101 inhibited TPA induced production of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) 9 from tumor cells , which is considered to be associated with their invasive and metastatic potentials . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Endothelial cells ( ECs ) in culture synthesize and secrete urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , but the normal vascular endothelium is believed to synthesize only tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , which is thought to be responsible for intravascular fibrinolysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : Human mesothelial cells ( HMCs ) have an important role in maintaining an adequately functioning fibrinolytic system in the peritoneal cavity by secreting the fibrinolytic enzymes tissue type and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( t PA and u PA ) , as well as a specific PA inhibitor , PA inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DESIGN AND METHODS : Samples of stimulated conditioned media were collected over a period of 24 hours to determine : plasminogen activator ( PA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) activity , PAI 1 mRNA , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) antigen and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) antigen . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The role of fibrinolytic system components in thrombus formation and removal in vivo was investigated in groups of six mice deficient in urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , or plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) ( u PA / , t PA / or PAI 1 / , respectively ) or of their wild type controls ( u PA+ / + , t PA+ / + or PAI 1+ / + ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We measured urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) activity in the brain of 2 3 month old and 6 8 month old mice subjected to 4 h of middle cerebral artery ( MCA ) occlusion . t PA activity was present in all non ischemic and ischemic young mouse brain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) play important roles in fibrinolysis , cell migration , tissue destruction , angiogenesis and tissue remodeling . u PA and t PA activity in tissue are tightly regulated by plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mediators of the plasminogen activator system , namely urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) , are a key complex involved in fibrinolysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cell conditioned medium was assayed for tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We compared the efficacy of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , activated anisoylated streptokinase plasminogen activator complex ( APSAC ) , and plasmin to dissolve surfactant incorporating fibrin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BALF levels of urokinase type plasminogen activator were significantly reduced throughout , whereas the lavage concentrations of tissue type plasminogen activator did not differ from those in control subjects . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As an inhibitor of serine proteinases , SERP 1 acts against tissue type plasminogen activator , urokinase type plasminogen activator , plasmin , thrombin and Factor Xa . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Enhanced increases in tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) antigen and activity and single chain ( sc ) urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) at maximal exercise and 5 min of recovery were observed in all age groups after training . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Vascular endothelial cells ( ECs ) modulate the blood fibrinolytic system by secreting tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , and their inhibitor , type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
More importantly , we found extensive areas of delayed hemorrhage near the sprouting tips of microvessels between days 7 and 14 , which temporally coincided with increased urokinase type plasminogen activator and tissue type plasminogen activator activity by zymography . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Proteins influencing plasminogen activation to plasmin , namely plasminogen activators tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and their principal inhibitors , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and PAI 2 , were measured in the plasma , the polymorph and mononuclear cell fractions taken from patients with major sepsis who were entering a general intensive care unit . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The types of agents being developed fall into five broad categories : * mutants or variants of single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ; * mutants or variants of tissue type plasminogen activator ; * recombinant chimaeric plasminogen activators ; * conjugates of plasminogen activators and anti fibrin monoclonal antibodies ; * compounds derived from haemophagous animals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Endothelial cells ( ECs ) synthesize plasminogen activators , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , receptors for plasminogen activators , and a receptor for plasminogen , annexin 2 ( Ann 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This structural modification is associated with profound functional alterations : the rate of activation by streptokinase , tissue type plasminogen activator , urokinase type plasminogen activator and trypsin decreases and the amidolytic activity of the generated plasmin is impaired . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As the proteases of the plasminogen activator system have been implicated in tissue remodelling , cell migration and tumour invasion , we performed an immunohistochemical study to look for evidence of alteration in the expression of plasminogen / plasmin , urokinase type plasminogen activator , tissue type plasminogen activator and alpha 2 antiplasmin in biopsies of clinically typical vulval lichen sclerosus obtained from 11 untreated adult women . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The interaction of fibrinolytic components with GPIb / V / IX of platelets on thrombus formation , was investigated in mice deficient in tissue type ( tPA / ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA / ) or plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 / ) and in their wild type control ( tPA+ / + , uPA+ / + , PAI 1+ / + ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In additional experiments , low concentrations of tannic acid significantly inhibited tissue type plasminogen activator , urokinase type plasminogen activator and plasmin activity in a concentration dependent manner over the range 0 . 25 200 micromol l ( 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These cells showed reduced invasiveness that paralleled decreased mRNA levels of urokinase type plasminogen activator and its receptor , tissue type plasminogen activator , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , the PAI 1 activity toward urokinase type plasminogen activator and tissue type plasminogen activator was significantly prolonged in the presence of alpha ( 1 ) acid glycoprotein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemical analyses of the healing tissues and an analysis of the periodontal wound healing fluid by ELISA were carried out for the detection of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , and 2 plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Differential effects of acute and chronic wound fluids on urokinase type plasminogen activator , urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor , and tissue type plasminogen activator in cultured human keratinocytes and fibroblasts . ^^^ Urokinase type plasminogen activator , tissue type plasminogen activator , urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 expression were studied . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thrombolytic efficacy of lonomin 5 ( LV ) , a protein isolated from Lonomia achelous caterpillars haemolymph , administered either as a single intravenous bolus or as a continuous infusion , was evaluated in a rabbit jugular vein thrombosis model , and compared with those of single chain tissue type plasminogen activator ( sct PA ) and two chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( tcu PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The content of urokinase type plasminogen activator increased , while the concentration of tissue type plasminogen activator decreased in bone tumors of various histological compositions compared to osteochondral exostoses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen can be converted to plasmin either via the tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) or via the urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) / u PA receptor ( u PAR ) pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have examined expression of the components of the plasminogen activation system in human astrocytoma U 373 MG cells and found that interleukin 1beta ( IL 1beta ) , tumour necrosis factor alpha TNF alpha ) , interferon gamma ( INF gamma ) and epidermal growth factor ( EGF ) specifically regulate the expression of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and protease nexin 1 ( PN 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the potential role of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) or urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) in development of adipose tissue , we have used a nutritionally induced obesity model in t PA ( t PA / ) and u PA ( u PA / ) deficient mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , the primary physiological inhibitor of both tissue type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator in plasma , is a well established risk factor in thrombotic diseases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS AND RESULTS : Transient ( 60 minute ) adhesion of thrombin prestimulated platelets enhanced HUVEC expression of urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor and membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase ( MT 1 MMP ) ( reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction , flow cytometry ) and secretion of urokinase type plasminogen activator , tissue type plasminogen activator , and MMP 1 ( ELISA ) and induced proteolytic activity via MMP 2 and MMP 9 ( gelatin zymography ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have compared the effects of maspin with those of PAI 1 in a range of situations in which plasminogen activation is potentiated , reflecting the biological context of this proteolytic system : urokinase type plasminogen activator bound to its receptor on the surface of tumor cells , tissue type plasminogen activator specifically bound to vascular smooth muscle cells , fibrin , and the prion protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PURPOSE : To quantify the ex vivo production of proangiogenic proteins ( vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) ) and angiogenesis inhibitors ( plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and angiostatin ) from epithelial and stromal components of primary prostate cancer ( CaP ) and benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) cultures . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Infections were initiated through noninvasive intratracheal administration of M . avium 724 in mice individually deficient for plasminogen , tissue type plasminogen activator , urokinase type plasminogen activator , and urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor , along with wild type control mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue specimens from eight patients with failing or failed infra inguinal vein bypasses and three specimens from normal veins were harvested to study urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our studies ruled out the possibility that endogenously produced plasminogen activators ( i . e . tPA and urokinase type plasminogen activator ) are responsible for the LRP mediated internalization of active neuroserpin , but could not rule out the possibility that another cell associated proteases capable of binding active neuroserpin functions in this capacity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma levels of the thrombin activation system ( thrombin antithrombin complex [ TAT ] , tissue factor pathway inhibitor [ TFPI ] , and prothrombin fragments 1+2 [ F1+2 ] ) and plasmin activation system ( tissue and urokinase type plasminogen activator [ t PA and u PA ] , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 [ PAI 1 ] , and D dimer ) were measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits before angiography . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
INTERVENTIONS : We characterized the expression of tissue type and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( t PA and u PA ) as well as plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 and PAI 2 in human endothelial cells ( EC ) from the microvascular pulmonary circulation ( HMVEC L ) and compared it with that of EC from pulmonary artery ( HPAEC ) and umbilical vein ( HUVEC ) under baseline conditions and upon stimulation with either tumor necrosis factor alpha or lipopolysaccharide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study of nasal mucosa , we investigated the presence of mRNA of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) and in situ hybridization , and compared these results with their localization in immunostained tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Binding of vitronectin to NBD P 9 PAI 1 does not affect SI but results in a 2 . 0 6 . 5 fold decrease in the limiting rate constant ( klim ) of RCL insertion for urokinase type plasminogen activator at pH 6 . 2 8 . 0 and for tissue type plasminogen activator at pH 6 . 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The plasminogen activation system was also altered in tumors with a decrease of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and a strong increase of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blotting confirmed these enzymes to be tissue type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator , respectively . ^^^ High activities of tissue type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator were detected in the CSF of mice with eosinophilic meningitis , and correlated positively with CSF eosinophil numbers and total protein , respectively . ^^^ Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that tissue type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator localised in the endothelial cells of blood vessels , in blood clots and in infiltrated leukocytes . ^^^ These results suggest that tissue type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator may be play a role in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic meningitis of angiostrongyliasis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NSO produced a concentration dependent inhibition of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Four tumour markers for urinary bladder cancer tissue polypeptide antigen ( TPA ) , HER 2 / neu ( ERB B 2 ) , urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor ( uPAR ) and TP 53 mutation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fibrin specific plasminogen activators , including tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator ( scu PA ) and staphylokinase ( Sak ) , preferentially activate fibrin associated plasminogen . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Various proteases reportedly cleave scHGF to generate the active two chain form ( HGF ) , including u PA ( urokinase type plasminogen activator ) , t PA ( tissue type plasminogen activator ) , kallikrein , Factor XIa , Factor XIIa , HGF activator and matriptase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Messenger RNA levels of tissue type plasminogen activator , urokinase type plasminogen activator , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 were analysed using Taqman real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and protein release by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fibrinolysis requires the activation of plasminogen to plasmin , which is mediated by tissue type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA , 50 kDa ) and t PA ( 72 kDa ) were detected by Western blot ; they showed differences in their relative concentration between Post Ov and Pre Ov oviductal flushing . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OE DEP and OE UFP exposure reduced plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) production by the cells but did not affect the production of thrombomodulin , tissue type plasminogen activator , or urokinase type plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No upregulation was observed for MMP 2 , urokinase type plasminogen activator , tissue type plasminogen activator , and TLRs 3 , 4 , and 9 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cell clone with the lowest level of DBC 1 expression showed induced expression of 26 genes including plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( SERPINB 5 ; 4 . 6 fold ) , heparin binding EGF like growth factor precursor ( DTR ; 4 . 2 fold ) , small proline rich protein 2B ( SPRR2B ; 3 . 6 fold ) , metallothionein 1 isoforms ( MT1B / MT1A / MT 1F ; from 2 . 9 to 3 . 2 fold ) , tissue type plasminogen activator precursor ( PLAT ; 2 . 8 fold ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator precursor ( PLAU ; 2 . 7 fold ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , the expressions of molecules involved in MMP activating and inhibitory pathways ( urokinase type plasminogen activator and tissue type plasminogen activator ; TIMP 1 , TIMP 2 , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ) were found to be increased after abdominal irradiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To elucidate some of the links between homocysteine and vascular disease , we have evaluated the effect of the amino acid on the formation ( by kinetics studies ) , structure ( by electron microscopy ) and lysis of the fibrin network , using tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) is an important component of the plasminogen / plasmin system as it is the main inhibitor of tissue type ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Assay indicators for the therapeutic effect include worm recovery , histopathological score of the fourth ventricle , tissue type plasminogen activator , urokinase type plasminogen activator , matrix metalloproteinase 9 , cerebrospinal fluid total protein , leukocyte counts , and proinflammatory cytokines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The purified Mr 55 , 000 60 , 000 protein was specifically bound and cross linked to u PA , proenzyme u PA , and ATF , but not to tissue type plasminogen activator or other unrelated proteins . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since CREB 1 can repress transcription of other target genes ( including c jun ) via association with identical cis acting CRE like sequences , we suggest that the mechanism for the transcriptional down regulation of t PA by PMA in HT 1080 cells requires CREB 1 binding to the t PACRE while ATF 2 , by associating with the same site , plays a role in PMA mediated induction of t PA in HeLa cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Nuclear proteins that bind to the AP 1 or ATF site were examined by using extracts from Crandell feline kidney ( CRFK ) cells treated with TPA ( a phorbol ester ; a strong activator of protein kinase C ) or forskolin ( an inducer of cyclic AMP ) , or infection with feline herpesvirus type 1 ( FHV 1 ) . ^^^ Although TPA or forskolin treatment moderately increased the level of both proteins that bound to AP 1 and ATF sites , FHV 1 infection markedly changed the protein binding patterns of the sites . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reduced level of ATF is correlated with transcriptional repression of DNA topoisomerase 2 alpha gene during TPA induced differentiation of HL 60 cells . ^^^ Correlation between ATF and TPA repressed DNA topoisomerase 2 alpha ( Topo 2 alpha ) mRNA has been investigated during TPA induced differentiation of HL 60 cells . ^^^ Two DNA protein complexes were formed by DNA mobility shift assay when ATF binding site was incubated with nuclear extract prepared from TPA free HL 60 cells , and the amount of ATF was vanished after TPA treatment . ^^^ TPA repressed Topo 2 alpha mRNA and ATF levels were partially restored after pretreatment of staurosporin . ^^^ These results suggest that the reduced level of ATF may be important to the transcriptional repression of Topo 2 alpha gene during TPA induced differentiation in HL 60 cells and related to protein kinase C signal pathway . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we show that a 40 bp ( 276 / 237 ) segment , comprising a TCF binding site and the CArG box ( collectively known as serum response element , SRE ) , and an ATF site , is also necessary for the FRA 1 induction by TPA and EGF . ^^^ Interestingly , the 283 to +32 bp FRA 1 promoter fragment containing an SRE and an ATF site alone was also insufficient to confer TPA sensitivity to a reporter gene . ^^^ However , in association with the 318 TRE , the SRE and ATF sites imparted a strong TPA inducibility to the reporter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , dominant negative mutants of the transcription factors activating transcription factor ( ATF ) 2 , ATF 4 , cAMP response element binding protein , c Jun and CCAAT / enhancer binding protein ( C / EBP ) did not change TPA induced tyrosine hydroxylase promoter activity , indicating that these proteins are not part of the TPA mediated signalling cascade directed towards the tyrosine hydroxylase gene . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At rest , heparin and Org 10172 did not influence the plasma concentrations of endogenous t PA antigen and activity , urokinase type PA ( u PA ) antigen , plasmin activatable pro urokinase ( scu PA ) , active urokinase ( tcu PA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) antigen . ^^^ During exercise , neither heparin nor Org 10172 influenced the area under the curve ( AUC ) of t PA and u PA antigen and t PA activity when compared with placebo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results indicate that PP 1 and PP2A protein phosphatases are involved in signal transduction pathways modulating PAI 2 , u PA , and t PA , and furthermore , that okadaic acid interaction with the protein kinase C and A pathways are gene and cell type specific . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A 100 fold molar excess of unlabeled high molecular weight u PA effectively blocked binding of the radiolabeled ligands ; tissue type plasminogen activator , plasminogen , low molecular weight u PA , and unrelated proteins did not . 125I u PA binding was abolished by a monoclonal antibody against the specific u PA sequence responsible for u PAR binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) have been determined in endometrial curettings obtained from 46 subfertile women during proliferative , early or late secretory phases of the menstrual cycle . t PA activity and antigen concentrations was significantly higher ( P < 0 . 001 ) in late secretory endometrium than in proliferative or early secretory endometrium . ^^^ Zymography studies confirmed the presence of both t PA and u PA in the endometrium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI ) are elevated in late pregnancy with t PA and u PA remaining so at 6 weeks postnatal . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have recently shown that spermatozoa of various species contain both types of plasminogen activator , the tissue type ( t PA ) and the urokinase type ( u PA ) . ^^^ In the present study , the localization of t PA and u PA in plasma membrane and outer acrosomal membrane of human and boar spermatozoa has been investigated . ^^^ The identification of the type of the plasminogen activator ( t PA or u PA ) was made immunologically . ^^^ In human spermatozoa , the outer acrosomal membrane and plasma membrane contained both types of plasminogen activator ( t PA and u PA ) ; in addition , t PA antigen was measured . ^^^ In boar spermatozoa , the outer acrosomal membrane contained only t PA , whereas plasma membrane contained both types of plasminogen activator ( t PA and u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and t PA activity increased in injured arteries and reached a maximum at 7 days . ^^^ Heparin treatment decreased t PA , but not u PA , activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ELISA recognized the following compounds with comparable sensitivity : intact scu PA ( amino acids , AA , 1 to 411 ) , scu PA 32k ( AA 144 to 411 ) , a truncated ( thrombin derived ) scu PA comprising AA 157 to 411 , and chimeric t PA / u PA molecules including t PA ( AA 1 263 ) / scu PA ( AA 144 411 ) , t PA ( AA 1 274 ) / scu PA ( AA 138 411 ) and t PA ( AA 87 274 ) / scu PA ( AA 138 411 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This enhancing effect of plasminogen was markedly suppressed by adding anti t PA IgG and plasmin inhibitors into the gel matrix , but less affected by anti urokinase type PA ( u PA ) IgG , offering more evidence to the hypothesis that the activation of the fibrinolytic system by PAs plays an important role in the invasiveness of murine melanoma B 16 cell lines , and indicating that t PA contributed more than u PA to the invasive potential of these cells into the pericellular matrix . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the contrary , the tissue activator of plasminogen , t PA , did not cleave the type 4 collagenase in similar assays . u PA catalyzed cleavage of recombinant type 4 collagenase , produced in a baculovirus expression system , yielded a similar M ( r ) 62 , 000 activity in gelatinolysis assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the peritoneal fluid of women with PID , PAI Ag , t PA Ag and u PA Ag were many times higher than in the control group . ^^^ Our data suggest that , in contrast to the classical concept of decreased fibrinolytic activity as a cause of adhesion formation , intraperitoneal fibrinolysis is enhanced in peritoneal inflammation through stimulation of the local production of t PA and u PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma levels of plasminogen activators ( t PA , u PA ) and their inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) were studied in patients suffering from Buerger ' s disease and healthy volunteers before and after 15 minutes of venous occlusion test . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results showed an increased u PA concentration in ANLL patients compared to controls [ 2 . 63 ( 1 . 61 4 . 62 ) vs . 0 . 95 ( 0 . 77 1 . 48 ) ng / ml , p < 0 . 01 ] . u PA levels correlated positively with tissue type plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A comparison of the plasminogen activator activity units of urinary type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) . ^^^ The earliest tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) preparations prepared from melanoma cells were expressed in urinary type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) units of activity using the u PA International Standard ( 66 / 46 ) . ^^^ This report describes a comparison between u PA and t PA units by various types of fibrin plate procedure using both human and bovine fibrin . ^^^ Within the biometric limits of this procedure it was found that the potency ratio of u PA / t PA was 3 . 5 ( human fibrin ) , 5 . 29 ( enriched bovine fibrin ) and 4 . 6 ( crude bovine fibrin ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma concentration of thrombin antithrombin 3 complex ( TAT ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , PAI 2 , D dimer complex and urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) activity were studied in 30 patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia ( ANLL ) , before and during antileukemic therapy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The binding of t PA to liver membranes was not affected by an excess of D mannose or D galactose , or by active urokinase ( u PA ) , whereas binding of t PA to membranes prepared from human HepG 2 hepatoma cells was inhibited by u PA . ^^^ Human liver membranes also bound u PA ; binding was inhibited by pro u PA , the N terminal fragment of u PA , but not by the 33 kDa form of u PA or by t PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The latter was associated with elevated FXII and PKK , while C 1 INH was decreased , ATIII and alpha 2M were unchanged ; it could not be accounted for by changes in t PA , u PA , PAI , plasminogen , alpha 2 AP , proteins C or S . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The hormonal regulation of two plasminogen activators , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase ( u PA ) , was studied both in 7 , 12 dimethylbenz [ a ] anthracene ( DMBA ) induced rat mammary carcinoma and in DMBA induced rat mammary dysplasia . t PA activity in DMBA mammary carcinoma was decreased markedly by oophorectomy and recovered upon estradiol administration to reach the maximum level at 12 hr . ^^^ Taken together , these results suggest that estrogen stimulates the production of t PA but not u PA and that this estrogen dependency of t PA is limited to malignant DMBA mammary tumor cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Measurements included t PA , u PA , PAI 1 , PAP ( as a measure of in vivo activation of fibrinolysis ) , FbDPs , FGN , vWF , and 8 : C . ^^^ RESULTS In both IDDM and control subjects , levels of t PA , u PA , PAP , vWF , and 8 : C continued to rise throughout the exercise , whereas PAI 1 showed a similar decline in both groups . ^^^ Differences between IDDM and control subjects were seen only for t PA , vWF , and u PA . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS Despite a defect in the exercise induced endothelial release of vWF and t PA , the overall potential to activate fibrinolysis is intact in IDDM , possibly by enhancement of u PA after exercise . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IL 1 beta at 10 ( 4 ) U / mL increased urokinase ( u PA ) levels approximately 10 fold , bFGF at 0 . 2 ng / mL also increased production 10 fold , but increased predominantly tissue PA ( t PA ) expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have previously shown that alpha thrombin exerted a mitogenic effect on human glomerular epithelial cells and stimulated the synthesis of urokinase type ( u PA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and of their inhibitor , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) . ^^^ Conversely , nicardipine did not modify thrombin stimulated synthesis of u PA , t PA , and PAI 1 . ^^^ Simultaneous addition of these two thrombin derivatives had no effect on [ Ca2+ ] 1 , and 3H thymidine incorporation but stimulated u PA , t PA , and PAI 1 synthesis although to a lesser extent than alpha thrombin . ^^^ In conclusion , multiple signalling pathways can be activated by alpha thrombin in glomerular epithelial cells : 1 ) Ca2+ influx through a dihydroperidine sensitive calcium channel , which seems critical for mitogenesis ; 2 ) protein kinase C activation by phosphoinositide breakdown , which stimulates both mitogenesis and synthesis of u PA , t PA , and PAI 1 ; 3 ) protein kinase C activation by other phospholipid breakdown can stimulate u PA , t PA , and PAI 1 synthesis but not mitogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) is the principal inhibitor of the two activators of the fibrinolytic system : tissue and urokinase type PAs ( t PA and u PA ) . ^^^ No significant effect of hyperthermia was found on t PA or u PA at the level of antigen accumulation , mRNA , and gene transcription in human HT 1080 fibrosarcoma cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TGF beta 1 also caused an increase of both u PA and PAI 1 antigens , while there was no detectable effect on t PA . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Zymographic analysis of secreted PA related compounds revealed production of free urokinase ( u PA ) and type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) complexed to tissular plasminogen activator ( t PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The authors examined the effect of insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) , epidermal growth factor ( EGF ) , and acidic fibroblast growth factor ( AFGF ) on the synthesis by human retinal endothelial cell ( HREC ) of plasminogen activators ( PA ; tissue type [ t PA ] and urokinase type [ u PA ] ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) . ^^^ Immunologic and functional assays for t PA , u PA , and PA 1 were conducted with cell lines derived from three diabetics and three nondiabetic controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) , the fast acting inhibitor of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase ( u PA ) , is a member of the serpin superfamily of proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Type 1 PAI ( PAI 1 ) is the physiological inhibitor both of urinary type PA ( u PA ) and tissue type PA ( t PA ) ( Loskutoff et al . , 1989 ) and is a major component of the ECM of cultured cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Urokinase ( u PA ) was found at only less than or equal to 1 % the level of t PA . ^^^ Acid eluates of the cell surface indicated that the melanoma cells had t PA bound on their surface , but no u PA , and also had a very low capacity to bind exogenous u PA . ^^^ The cell surface plasmin formation was inhibited by an anti catalytic monoclonal antibody to human t PA , and not by an anti catalytic antibody to u PA . ^^^ The media were found to inhibit u PA but not t PA . ^^^ Because t PA and cell bound plasmin are unaffected by alpha 2M , t PA may , in the case of melanoma cells , serve an analogous function to u PA in supporting tumor cell invasion . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , an essential regulatory protein of the fibrinolytic system , harbors interaction sites for plasminogen activators ( tissue type [ t PA ] and urokinase type [ u PA ] ) and for fibrin . ^^^ We propose that , upon activation of platelets , PAI 1 is fixed within the clot by binding to fibrin and retains its full capacity to inhibit t PA and u PA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) is the fast acting inhibitor of both tissue type and urokinase type plasminogen activators ( t PA , u PA ) and is an essential regulatory protein of the fibrinolytic system . ^^^ To assess whether these cofactors turn PAI 1 into a general protease inhibitor or whether their influence is restricted to thrombin , the second order association rate constants between PAI 1 and the human plasma proteases t PA , u PA , plasmin , thrombin , Factor Xa ( FXa ) , and Factor XIIa ( FXIIa ) in the absence and in the presence of either vitronectin or heparin are determined . ^^^ In addition , vitronectin moderately increases the rate of inhibition by PAI 1 of u PA and of plasmin , but does not alter the rate of inhibition of t PA , FXa , or FXIIa ; ( 3 ) Apart from the important role of the P 1 residue , no consensus can be presented on the nature of other residues within the P 3 to P 3 ' region with regard to target protease specificity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fibrinolytic system components like tissue plasminogen activators ( t PA ) , and urokinase ( u PA ) , and their inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 were all studied . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects of VEGF , a recently described angiogenic factor , were assessed on PA activity and PA and PAI 1 mRNA levels in microvascular endothelial cells . u PA and t PA activity were increased by VEGF in a dose dependent manner , with maximal induction at 30 ng / ml . u PA and t PA mRNAs were increased 7 . 5 and 8 fold respectively after 15 hours , and PAI 1 mRNA 4 . 5 fold after 4 hours exposure to VEGF . ^^^ At equimolar concentrations ( 0 . 5 nM ) , VEGF was a more potent inducer of t PA mRNA than bFGF , while bFGF was a more potent inducer of u PA and PAI 1 mRNAs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The antigen levels of plasminogen activators ( PAs ) , tissue type PA ( t PA ) and urokinase type PA ( u PA ) , were measured in extracts from 30 gastric carcinomas and corresponding normal gastric mucosa . ^^^ The t PA level was significantly higher in normal mucosa than in cancer tissue , while the u PA level was significantly higher in cancer tissue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although the spontaneous dissolution of emboli was observed during the infusion of saline , tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) as well as urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) produced a further dissolution . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activators t PA , u PA and its inhibitor ( PAI ) in normal males and females . ^^^ We determined the plasma levels of tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) activity and their antigen levels including urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) in 33 male and 27 female normal subjects . ^^^ In zymography studies , free t PA , its inhibitor complexes and u PA were demonstrated in the euglobulin fractions of stored plasma . ^^^ This study demonstrates that significant differences in t PA , u PA and PAI exist between male and female subjects which should be taken into account when determining their levels in clinical conditions . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ethanol at both concentrations induced after 30 days a decreased PAI in the pyloric region and the body of the stomach , which was expressed against u PA , but not against t PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Evidence has recently been presented that activated macrophages ( M phi ) express both urinary ( u PA ) and tissue type ( t PA ) plasminogen activator . ^^^ Since PMN and M phi are involved in inflammatory and fibrinolytic processes , we were interested in the interaction of u PA , t PA , and plasmin with oxidants of the leukocyte type . ^^^ However , the plasminogenolytic and amidolytic activity of unstimulated t PA as well as the plasminogenolytic activity of u PA and the amidolytic activity of plasmin are not impaired . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Binding of [ 125I ] t PA PAI 1 complex was unaffected by high concentrations of unlabelled t PA , PAI 1 , u PA or u PA PAI 1 complex ; only t PA PAI 1 complex competed for binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine whether a relationship exists among urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) activity , tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) activity , and the malignant transformation of human fibroblasts , we measured receptor bound and secreted u PAs and t PA activity in fibroblast cell strains of a unique cell lineage and compared the results with the values obtained in human fibrosarcoma derived cell lines and control cell lines . ^^^ The five fully malignant fibrosarcoma derived cell lines tested also showed high levels of receptor bound u PA and t PA . ^^^ The 10 malignant cell strains in the lineage also exhibited higher levels of activity of secreted high molecular weight u PA or t PA than did their cell strain of origin and the nonmalignant cell strains derived from it , as did the malignant fibrosarcoma derived cell lines . ^^^ The data suggest that the malignant state of human fibroblasts is always associated with high levels of activity of receptor bound u PA , and in addition cells transformed to the malignant state are very likely to exhibit high levels of receptor bound t PA and secreted forms of plasminogen activators . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We analyzed the effect of IL 1 on the synthesis of collagenase , stromelysin , and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases ( TIMP ) in human cartilage explants and culture chondrocytes , as well as its effect on the secretion of plasminogen activators ( t PA , u PA ) and inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) in cartilage explants . ^^^ The increase in t PA synthesis was accompanied by a decreased PAI 1 level , while the PAI 2 level remained unchanged . u PA could not be detected in the culture medium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SDS PAGE analysis in the presence of copolymerized substrates is consistent with increase in 55 kDa urokinase type PA ( u PA ) and 68 kDa tissue type PA ( t PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By the combined use of zymographies on tissue sections and in situ hybridizations , we have explored the cellular distribution of urokinase type ( u PA ) and tissue type ( t PA ) plasminogen activators and of their mRNAs in developing and adult mouse kidneys . ^^^ In 17 . 5 d old embryos , renal tubules synthesize u PA , while S shaped bodies produce t PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During exercise an increase in u PA antigen and plasmin activatable pro urokinase ( proUK ) activity , concurrent with t PA antigen and euglobulin t PA activity , was observed in all six volunteers , while at rest these parameters remained unaffected . ^^^ Mean u PA and t PA antigen increased , respectively , from 4 . 2 + / 1 . 0 ng / ml and 5 . 8 + / 2 . 1 ng / ml before exercise to 9 . 8 + / 3 . 0 ng / ml and 18 . 3 + / 3 . 8 ng / ml ( peak ) . ^^^ After cessation of exercise u PA and t PA declined concurrently to normal values with a 50 % decay in about 5 min . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have shown that human monocytes can synthesize both urokinase type PA ( u PA ) and tissue type PA ( t PA ) . ^^^ Another monocyte cytokine , interleukin 1 , causes human synoviocytes to increase their u PA expression , a response which can be dependent on the presence of endogenous cyclooxygenase products ; this cytokine also causes human chondrocytes and cartilage tissue to produce increased u PA and t PA activity , i . e . , under conditions during which cartilage is resorbed . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In both the stomach and colorectal carcinomas , the highest value of u PA / total PA ( sum of u PA and t PA ) was observed in the central part of the carcinoma , followed by the marginal part of the carcinoma , and was lowest in the normal mucosa . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Urokinase type ( u PA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator antigen ( t PA ) as well as plasminogen activator inhibitor activity were determined in seminal plasma and lysates of the respective spermatozoas in 67 ejaculate of males in infertile marriage without genito urinary pathology . ^^^ U PA was determined by a competition RIA , t PA by an ELISA and PAI by a spectrophotometric assay . 15 patients showed normozoospermia , 11 azoospermia and 41 oligoasthenoteratozoospermia ( OAT syndrome ) . ^^^ The similarly high values of t PA ( 190 . 8 227 . 8 ng . / ml . ) and u PA ( 19 . 4 32 ng . / ml . ) in the same compartment confirm their predominantly prostatic origin and seem to have no influence on the quality of the ejaculate . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The plasminogen activator present in porcine urine is of tissue type ( t PA ) as identified by the following criteria . ( 1 ) Porcine urine PA exhibits an Mr of 65 , 000 similar to the Mr of human t PA ( 64 70 , 000 ) but distinct from the Mr of human u PA ( 55 , 000 ) . ( 2 ) Antibodies against human t PA bind and inhibit crude and purified porcine urine PA , while human u PA specific antibodies do not react with porcine urine PA . ( 3 ) Plasminogen activation by porcine urine PA is markedly stimulated in the presence of fibrinogen fragments . ( 4 ) Porcine urine PA activity is not affected by concentration of amiloride substantially suppressing human u PA activity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lysine analogues and active or diisopropylfluorophosphate inactivated u PA inhibited t PA binding to monocytes , monocytoid cells , and endothelial cells with similar IC 50 ( concentration producing 50 % inhibition ) values , suggesting that the same recognition specificity mediates t PA binding to all of these cell types . ^^^ Furthermore , using both high and low 125I t PA concentrations , competition analyses with lysine analogues or u PA , or treatment of the cells with carboxypeptidase B , failed to indicate the presence of distinguishable classes of t PA binding sites . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fast acting inhibitors of both urokinase ( u PA ) and tissue plasminogen activator ( two chain t PA ) were noted in harvest fluids of Hep G 2 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While t PA and u PA levels were slightly lower than in adult controls , a significant decrease in PAI activity was demonstrated and no PAI 2 could be detected in fetal plasma . ^^^ In contrast with these findings , the fibrinolytic equilibrium of pregnant women exhibited a prolonged ECLT and a strong increase in both PAI activity and PAI 2 antigen levels , while only a moderate elevation in u PA and t PA levels was measured . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In 22 human tumor cell lines the regulation of production of plasminogen activators urokinase ( u PA ) and tissue type ( t PA ) and their inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 was studied . ^^^ The frequent finding of t PA ( alone or in combination with u PA ) suggests that t PA can also be a tumor associated plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to investigate this question , we studied human renal biopsies by immunofluorescence technique with specific antibodies for fibrin , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase ( u PA ) , PAI 1 and PAI 2 . ^^^ Conversely , in cases of vascular nephropathy with thrombosis the positive fluorescence obtained with anti fibrin antibodies at the site of thrombosis was associated with a positive fluorescence with anti PAI 1 and to a lesser extent with anti t PA antibodies . u PA and PAI 2 were not detected in these lesions . ^^^ Thus , our results support the hypothesis that PAI 1 , which is able to inhibit both t PA and u PA , may play a major role in the persistency of fibrin deposits in the human kidneys during pathological conditions . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) was identified in extracts of Lewis lung carcinoma , and its immunohistochemical localization was studied together with that of urokinase type ( u PA ) and tissue type ( t PA ) plasminogen activators . ^^^ Lung metastases always contained u PA immunoreactivity , while PAI 1 immunoreactivity was found in most , but not all , metastases . t PA immunoreactivity was found in a few scattered tumor cells , in primary carcinomas as well as metastases . ^^^ Controls that included absorption with highly purified antigen preparations and immunoblotting , indicated that all the immunoreactivity represented genuine PAI 1 , u PA and t PA , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We now report the synthesis and secretion of PA by rat alveolar epithelial cells with the catalytic properties of a urokinase type ( u PA ) rather than tissue type plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Species of PAs and PAI secreted from the GECs were urokinase type PA ( u PA ) and tissue type PA ( t PA ) , while the major species was a single chain u PA in the amount of 28 . 6 + / 2 . 34 ng / 10 ( 5 ) cells for 24 hours ( N = 4 , mean + / SD ) , and PAI 1 . ^^^ The addition of increased concentrations of thrombin ( 0 . 1 to 31 . 6 U / ml ) into confluent cultures enhanced the GECs to release u PA , t PA and PAI 1 in a dose and time dependent manner . ^^^ The incubation of the GECs with 10 U / ml thrombin resulted in about a fourfold increase in the concentration of u PA , threefold in t PA and twofold in PAI 1 . ^^^ IL 1 enhanced the release of t PA and PAI 1 , and TNF did that of u PA and t PA , while gamma IFN showed no significant effects . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although less prominent , t PA and a 48 kDa form of u PA follow a similar pattern of induction and inhibition ; ( 2 ) changes in u PA activity in response to castration and cortisol treatment are due to alterations in the level of u PA mRNA and protein rather than in the activity of PAI 1 ; ( 3 ) not all castration induced proteinases in the prostate are inhibited by cortisol . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Todd ' s autohistographic method , modified by Lotti , was used to investigate the FA and the monoclonal antibodies against u PA and t PA were used to identify the main plasminogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The enzyme cleaved the chromogenic substrate specific for t PA ( Spectrozyme TM t PA ; CH3SO2 D CHT Gly Arg p nitroanilide ) more efficiently ( 4 6 10 ) than that for u PA ( Spectrozyme TM UK ; Cbo L Glu ( alpha t BuO ) Gly Arg p nitroanilide ) , suggesting that t PA may be the predominant PA in the chicken preovulatory follicle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Comparison of the present results with those of our previous study ( Tripathi , Geanon and Tripathi , 1987 , Ophthalmology , 94 , 1434 8 ) on the localization of tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) in the eye indicate that the distribution of u PA and t PA overlaps in many tissues , but differs significantly in others , and that this finding may be related to their complementary and specific roles . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The thrombolytic effects of tissue type of plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase type of plasminogen activator ( u PA ) were studied in experimental rabbit model of pulmonary thromboemboli with or without endotoxin . ^^^ After intravenous injection of thrombi , we infused recombinant t PA or double chain u PA ( 0 . 1 mg / kg and 0 . 3 mg / kg each ) . ^^^ This number of thromboemboli / area thus obtained made the basis for comparing the thrombolytic activity of both t PA and u PA . ^^^ Administration of t PA at both 0 . 1 mg / kg and 0 . 3 mg / kg doses significantly decreased the number of thromboemboli / area comparing to that of u PA at the respective doses . ^^^ The treatment of rabbits with endotoxin ( 1 microgram / kg ) increased the number of thromboemboli especially in less than 50 microns diameter of pulmonary microvessels probably due to hypercoagulable and hypofibrinolytic state of rabbits . t PA , even after endotoxin stimulation , also significantly decreased the thromboemboli comparing to u PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The binding affinity ; incorporation and adsorption , of human tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) for blood clots was investigated in vitro . ^^^ In order to study the incorporation , the blood clot formation was performed after mixing [ 125I ] t PA or [ 125I ] u PA with the blood obtained from human and several animal species . ^^^ The radioactivities of [ 125I ] t PA incorporated in blood clots of human , dog , rat and rabbit were higher than those of [ 125I ] u PA . ^^^ The adsorptions of [ 125I ] t PA to blood clots of human and animals were higher than those of [ 125I ] u PA . ^^^ The results suggest that t PA has a much higher affinity for fibrin in blood clots than u PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The localization of tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) or urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) on thrombi was investigated in disseminated intravascular coagulation rats ( DIC rats ) induced by thrombin . ^^^ The strong radioactivity of [ 125I ] t PA but not [ 125I ] u PA was observed on the surface of large thrombus in the vena cava . ^^^ These results suggest that t PA localizes more preferentially on microthrombi than u PA . ^^^ The ratio of the radioactivity in the tissue to that in the blood was calculated to compare quantitatively the localization of [ 125I ] t PA and [ 125I ] u PA on microthrombi formed in organs . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A number of hybrid plasminogen activator genes were constructed from the t PA and u PA cDNAs and expressed using a bovine papilloma virus vector and mouse C 127 cells . ^^^ Hybrid A was constructed by replacing the finger ( F ) and EGF domains of t PA with the EGF and Ku domains of u PA , while hybrids B and C had an extra Ku inserted before or after the double kringle ( K 1 K2 ) region of t PA respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Upon stimulation of early passage umbilical vein endothelial cells by TNF , u PA was predominantly secreted at the basolateral side , whereas PAI activity and t PA were found in more equal amounts at the apical and basolateral sides of the cell monolayers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mammalian cells produce two molecular forms of PA , the urokinase type ( u PA ) and the tissue type ( t PA ) ; the u PA type enzyme regulates cell migration / invasion and related tissue plasticity events . ^^^ Differentiating rat astroglia produce u PA and t PA , the cellular content of both is developmentally regulated , and the u PA form is only found in the immature cells . u PA is the predominant form in the immature astrocyte until age P 13 . ^^^ Both forms are found in cells at ages P 14 P30 , and at later stages u PA disappears while the t PA type persists as the sole form . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the other hand , induction of t PA and u PA biosynthesis by growth factors has been related to tissue remodelling and cell migration associated with angiogenesis and tumour metastasis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cultured human endothelial cells synthesize and secrete two types of plasminogen activator , tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase ( u PA ) . ^^^ Ligand blotting experiments demonstrated that both single and double chain t PA specifically bound to a Mr 40 , 000 membrane protein present in detergent extracts of isolated membranes , while high molecular weight , low molecular weight , and single chain u PA associated with a Mr 48 , 000 protein . ^^^ The results suggest that in addition to sharing a matrix associated binding site ( plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ) , both t PA and u PA have unique membrane binding sites which may regulate their function . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Purification and characterization of a plasma factor which cleaves single chain form of t PA and u PA . ^^^ However , when the two chain form of t PA or u PA was reacted with the plasma factor and LMW heparin , no enhancement of the amidolytic activity of these enzymes was observed . ^^^ The amidolytic activity of the plasma factor was not inhibited by anti t PA IgG , anti u PA IgG , anti plasminogen IgG , anti factor 12 IgG or anti plasma prekallikrein IgG . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase ( u PA ) are proteins with partial structural similarity and which are of importance in the therapy of thrombotic diseases . ^^^ Tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase ( u PA ) are proteins with partial structural similarity and which are of importance in the therapy of thrombotic diseases . ^^^ The present study investigated whether the hepatic catabolism of u PA and t PA is mediated by a common receptor system . ^^^ For t PA , a specific high affinity binding site to hepatocytes and plasma membranes could be defined with a mean Kd of 4 + / 3 nM , whereas the Kd for u PA was less than 300 nM . ^^^ Binding of t PA could not be competed for by u PA , and vice versa . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The increased propensity to form tumors did not correlate with the expression of urinary or tissue plasminogen activators ( u PA or t PA ) . ^^^ The overexpression of ras has very little effect on t PA but appears to suppress u PA activity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , several forms of the plasminogen activator urokinase ( u PA ) , which shares partial structural homology with t PA , were evaluated as competitors of cellular binding . ^^^ The catalytically active two chain forms of u PA , but not the inactive proenzyme single chain form , complex with PAI 1 and inhibit specific binding of 125I t PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Coculture experiments demonstrated that LPAI cells prevented matrix degradation by Lu PA cells ( L cells expressing high levels of u PA ) or Co 115 human colon carcinoma cells ( expressing tissue type plasminogen activator ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TPA treated K 562 cells also synthesize and secrete platelet derived growth factor ( PDGF ) , transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and its specific inhibitor , type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In almost leukemic cells homogenate , the antigen ratio of tissue type PA ( t PA ) / urokinase type PA ( u PA ) was about 2 . 0 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is important to note that recently Rosenfeld et al . have described an increase in t PA and u PA binding to endothelium by pre incubation of endothelial cells with unfractionated heparin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These proteases fall into two classes : serine proteases include plasminogen activators ( t PA ) and urokinase ( u PA ) and play a major role in fibrinolysis , tissue repair and carcinogenesis ; and metalloproteases include collagenases and stromelysine , two enzymes involved in the tissue remodelling that occurs during angiogenesis and tumor growth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It formed SDS stable complexes with both t PA and u PA but not with prourokinase as demonstrated by both fibrin zymography and immunoblotting using anti PA and anti PAI 2 antisera after SDS PAGE . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activity related to tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) or urokinase ( u PA ) was quantified by antiserum inhibition . ^^^ The DS EF contained 30 % t PA , 30 % u PA and 40 50 % activity unrelated to t PA or u PA . ^^^ More than 50 % of the activity was unrelated to t PA or u PA , 30 40 % was u PA and 5 10 % t PA related . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During pregnancy , the t PA and prourokinase ( u PA ) antigen concentrations increased 50 % and 200 % , respectively , whereas the plasminogen and alpha 2 antiplasmin levels remained constant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To assess the postulated correlation between plasminogen activators ( PAs ) and malignancy , we determined the mRNA content for urokinase type ( u PA ) and tissue type ( t PA ) enzymes in a prospective series of 29 primary lung and 27 primary breast carcinomas . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Endothelial cell growth factor ( ECGF ) stimulates the synthesis of t PA and u PA by confluent , diploid human lung fibroblasts , and this activity is potentiated considerably by heparin . ^^^ In contrast , the malignant cell lines , Bowes melonoma and CALU 3 , producers of t PA and u PA , respectively , are insensitive to ECGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There are two distinct types of PA , tissue type ( t PA ) released from the endothelial cells of the blood vessels and urinary type ( u PA ) released from urinary tubules . u PA was found to be released from activated macrophages and virally transformed cells . t PA was also found to be released from breast cancer cells induced by carcinogens or melanoma cells . ^^^ In structure , t PA has a finger domain homologous to fibrin binding domain of fibronectin and a growth factor domain homologous to the epidermal growth factor . u PA has no finger domain but has a growth factor domain . ^^^ We have measured the concentrations of t PA and u PA in plasma , urine and tumor tissues of patients with cancer of the digestive tract and patients with uterine or ovarian tumors . ^^^ The results indicate that the concentrations of u PA increased in urine , plasma and cancer tissues of patients with cancer of the digestive tracts whereas no increase was observed in t PA levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Urokinase and tissue type plasminogen activators ( u PA and t PA ) were identified immunohistochemically in normal and inflamed human appendices by means of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies . ^^^ In addition , extracts of the tissues were analyzed for u PA and t PA by ELISA . ^^^ In the normal appendices , there was a strong staining of the endothelial cells for t PA , whereas there was negative staining for u PA . ^^^ In contrast , the endothelial cells in the inflamed appendices showed u PA immunoreactivity , and negative or very weak reactions for t PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Mr 66000 enzyme had the properties of tissue type PA ( t PA ) , while the Mr 44000 enzyme showed those of urokinase type PA ( u PA ) as determined by immunological and fibrin binding studies . ^^^ This inhibitor showed Mr 60000 and inhibited human u PA activity in a dose and time dependent manner , but did not inhibit the activity of t PA from human and murine melanoma cells or plasmin . ^^^ This study indicates that both u PA and t PA function in normal rat epidermis . ^^^ On the other hand , an inhibitor which preferentially acts against u PA exists , but inhibitor to t PA does not appear to operate under normal epidermal functions . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To assess in vivo the postulated participation of urokinase type ( u PA ) and tissue type ( t PA ) plasminogen activators in processes involving tissue remodeling and cell migration , we have studied the cellular distribution of u PA and t PA mRNAs during mouse oogenesis and embryo implantation . ^^^ By in situ hybridizations , we detected t PA mRNA in oocytes and u PA mRNA in granulosa and thecal cells from preovulatory follicles . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma concentrations of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase ( u PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and PAI 2 were studied in 53 patients with liver deficiency caused by chronic alcoholism ( n = 40 ) , viral hepatitis ( n = 10 ) or malignant disease of the liver ( n = 3 ) and compared to that of a control group ( n = 20 ) of healthy subjects . u PA and PAI 1 levels were significantly increased in all patients with chronic alcoholism , whereas high t PA was only observed in combination with disturbed liver function tests or with liver cirrhosis ( two and six fold above control values , respectively ) . ^^^ In patients with infectious hepatitis or with malignant disease of the liver t PA was normal whereas u PA and PAI 1 were increased . ^^^ Thus , in liver disease , marked elevations of t PA , u PA and PAI 1 levels may occur , with increased PAI 1 as an early marker of liver defects and t PA a marker of severe liver defects . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The amounts of PA in urine , plasma , and tissues of patients with renal cell carcinoma were determined by measuring the amounts of two kinds of antigens , urokinase type ( u PA ) antigen and tissue type ( t PA ) antigen , by highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Attenuation of complex formation of t PA and two chain u PA ( tcu PA ) , formed from scu PA , with plasma proteins did not appear to contribute to enhancement of thrombolysis as assessed by fibrin autography . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Functional determination of tissue type ( t PA ) or urinary type ( u PA ) plasminogen activator , the key enzymes of fibrinolysis , is of clinical importance . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The PAA was due to the tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , but not to the urokinase type ( u PA ) , as judged by addition of respective antibodies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The inhibitor ( Mr 65 , 000 ) was found to be synthesized by macrophages and specifically inhibited u PA activity but not tissue type PA ( t PA ) or plasmin activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They were specifically bound to 125I t PA but not 125I urokinase ( u PA ) and inhibited t PA , but not u PA , activity in plasminogen rich 125I fibrin wells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma concentrations of urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA / competitive radioimmunoassay ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA / sandwich ELISA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI / functional assay ) were determined in 44 women ( age : 24 . 3 + / 4 . 3 years ) with normal pregnancy near term . ^^^ Compared with an age matched non pregnant control group ( 8 . 3 + / 3 . 94 U / ml ) significantly increased PAI activity ( 12 . 13 + / 4 . 79 U / ml p less than 0 . 005 ) was measured before delivery with a subsequent significant decrease ( 8 . 13 + / 1 . 97 U / ml ) to normal values on day 1 after delivery ; plasma u PA and t PA antigen levels remained unchanged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They synthesize and secrete tissue type plasminogen activators ( t PA ) , urinary type plasminogen activators ( u PA ) , as well as plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) . ^^^ Synthesis of t PA , u PA , and PAI 1 are regulated by a variety of external agonists . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of a selective thrombin inhibitor , ( 2R , 4R ) 4 methyl 1 [ N 2 [ ( 3 methyl 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 tetrahydro 8 quinolinyl ) sulfonyl ] L arginyl ] 2 piperidinecarboxylic acid ( MCI 9038 ) , on the fibrinolysis induced by t PA and u PA was studied in vitro and in vivo . ^^^ The effect on the in vivo thrombolysis was studied on the arterial thrombosis generated by the endothelial cell injury of the rabbit carotid artery by acetic acid . t PA dissolved the thrombi with the infusion at 0 . 96 mg / kg over 2 h without a significant activation of a systemic fibrinolysis . u PA dissolved the thrombi with the infusion at 180 , 000 and 360 , 000 IU / kg over 2 h . ^^^ At a dose of 0 . 48 mg / kg t PA or 90 , 000 IU / kg u PA , the thrombi were not dissolved , but the combined use of MCI 9038 at 1 . 2 mg / kg over 2 h effectively dissolved the thrombi . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Culture of human mammary HBL 100 cells in the presence of dexamethasone , a synthetic glucocorticoid , resulted in opposite effects on the production of the two plasminogen activators ( PAs ) : a decrease in urokinase type PA ( u PA ) and a concomitant increase in tissue type PA ( t PA ) . ^^^ Experiments using inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis suggested that the glucocorticoid induced decrease in u PA mRNA was a secondary event , requiring synthesis of new regulatory proteins ; in contrast , the increase in t PA mRNA appeared to be a direct effect on t PA gene expression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two types of plasminogen activator ( PA ) , t PA ( tissue type ) and u PA ( urokinase type ) , are released from endometrial tissue in organ culture , as judged by immunological identification and molecular weight . ^^^ Addition of estradiol to the medium greatly enhanced the release of u PA , whereas that of t PA was not low . ^^^ Endometrial tissue also released a PA inhibitor with molecular weight of approximately 50 , 000 , which complexed both t PA and u PA . ^^^ In cultures stimulated with estradiol the amount of free u PA increased gradually during incubation and minor amounts of free t PA appeared after 4 6 days culture . ^^^ In cultures stimulated with progesterone , on the other hand , only minor amounts of free u PA and no free t PA was detected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In women undergoing conization of the uterine cervix , peripheral blood samples and blood samples from the cone cavity were obtained and analysed for their concentration of plasminogen activator of tissue type ( t PA ) and of urokinase type ( u PA ) and the concentration of fibrinogen / fibrin degradation products ( FDP ) . ^^^ A significant increase was found for t PA ( p less than 0 . 002 ) and u PA ( p less than 0 . 0002 ) as well as for FDP ( p less than 0 . 002 ) in blood from the cone cavity compared with peripheral blood . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There are two distinct forms of PA : urokinase ( u PA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) . t PA has higher affinity for fibrin and is the main form involved in thrombolysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
During tumor development , the molecular weight of the u PA and t PA forms present in the plasma does not change , while there is a decrease of the isoelectric point of the u PA leading to the appearance of distinct PA activities with pI 7 . 6 and 8 . 9 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rapid release and deactivation of plasminogen activators in human endothelial cell cultures in the presence of thrombin and ionophore A 23187 . alpha Thrombin , DFP thrombin , and ionophore A 23187 induce the rapid release ( less than 5 minutes ) of a variety of proteins , including t PA forms ( Mr 110 and 70 k , after SDS PAGE ) from primary cultures , and both t PA and u PA ( Mr 90 and 54 k ) from subcultured human HUVECs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rat adrenal glands were stained immunocytochemically using antibodies against plasminogen activators of the tissue type ( t PA ) and urokinase type ( u PA ) . ^^^ A subpopulation of the cells in the adrenal medulla showed intense cytoplasmic t PA immunoreactivity , while no u PA immunoreactivity was detected in any adrenal cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Specific antibodies to t PA , and to a lesser extent to u PA , decreased this fibrinolytic activity whether or not AA was added . ^^^ Furthermore , AA and EPA were found to increase the activity of purified u PA and t PA . ^^^ We conclude that human glomeruli release both t PA and u PA , and that this release is increased by calcium and alkaline pH . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These cells produced urokinase type PA ( u PA ) and tissue type PA ( t PA ) , and both enzymes were decreased in dexamethasone treated cultures . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Biopsies of involved and uninvolved skin from psoriatic patients and of normal skin were stained immunocytochemically with monoclonal antibodies against urokinase type ( u PA ) and tissue type ( t PA ) plasminogen activator using a multilayer peroxidase technique . ^^^ Epidermis from psoriatic lesions showed focal staining for u PA in and between the basal keratinocytes in the suprapapillary epidermal areas , while t PA was found in the superficial keratinizing cells , including both stratum spinosum and the parakeratotic layer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Assays for tissue like plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase like plasminogen activator ( u PA ) in cell conditioned medium revealed an increased appearance of both enzymes shortly after the S phase of the cycle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Comparison of the mobility of the plasminogen activator species on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with human urokinase ( u PA ) and human melanoma tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and studies with antibodies to these enzymes indicate that the Mr approximately 50 , 000 species is a u PA and the Mr approximately 65 , 000 a t PA . ^^^ Abolition of plasminogen activator activity in the fibrin plate assay with antibodies to t PA and u PA also confirms enhanced t PA production on interleukin 1 stimulation , though there is also evidence for increased cell associated production of u PA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Urokinase type ( u PA ) and tissue type ( t PA ) plasminogen activators are decreased in the culture media of TGF beta treated cells concomitantly with the increase in PAI 1 accumulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma levels of t PA antigen , t PA activity , u PA antigen and plasminogen activator inhibitor were determined by means of immunological and functional assays . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Considering the strong epidermotropism of atypical mononuclear cells in histiocytosis 10 ( HX ) skin infiltrates leading to intraepidermal abscess formation , it was the purpose of this study to look for tissue type PA ( t PA ) and / or urokinase type PA ( u PA ) on HX cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Purified human tissue type plasminogen activator demonstrated no chemotactic activity for human neutrophils when tested at concentrations similar to u PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase ( u PA ) , the major activators of plasminogen , are synthesized and released from endothelial cells . ^^^ The t PA bound in a rapid and reversible manner , involving binding sites of both high ( Kd , 28 . 7 + / 10 . 8 pM ; Bmax , 3 , 700 + / 300 ) and low ( Kd , 18 . 1 + / 3 . 8 nM ; Bmax 815 , 000 + / 146 , 000 ) affinity . t PA binding was 70 % inhibited by a 100 fold molar excess of u PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Various structurally related proteins , including t PA , were tested , but no reaction was observed with proteins other than u PA and its amino terminal fragment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The distribution of tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase ( u PA ) was investigated immunohistochemically in squamous epithelium of the uterine cervix , in normal and dysplastic conditions as well as in preinvasive and invasive carcinomas . ^^^ Normal epithelium showed presence of both t PA and u PA immunoreactivity only in the superficial cellular layer , whereas in preinvasive lesions they were present in all layers . ^^^ Invasive lesions showed a patchy distribution of t PA and u PA immunoreactivity . ^^^ Furthermore , it could be demonstrated that stromal cells close to the infiltrating malignant squamous epithelium contained t PA immunoreactivity and also u PA immunoreactivity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Constitutive gene expression of four components of plasminogen activating enzyme system , urinary and tissue type plasminogen activator ( u PA and t PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and PAI 2 in HT 1080 human fibrosarcoma cells , was modulated by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone ( Dex , 10 ( 7 ) M ) . ^^^ More than 90 % of u PA , t PA and PAI 1 antigen was found in conditioned medium , whereas PAI 2 was mainly cell associated . ^^^ In 48 h culture supernatants ( expressed per 10 ( 6 ) cells ) PAI 1 antigen increased from 350 to 3 , 300 ng and t PA from 19 to 38 ng . u PA and PAI 2 in the same samples decreased from 380 to 46 ng and from 3 . 5 to 1 . 8 ng , respectively . ^^^ Northern blot hybridization and nuclear `` Run on ' ' transcription assays demonstrated that the increase of t PA and PAI 1 and the decrease of u PA were associated with equivalent changes of gene template activity . ^^^ Modulation of u PA , t PA and PAI 1 gene expression by Dex was completely blocked by the glucocorticoid antagonist RU 38486 , suggesting that all effects were mediated through the glucocorticoid receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The dissolved band of 64 kDa was quenched by adding antihuman tissue type PA ( t PA ) IgG to the fibrin agarose detector membrane , and that of the 52 kDa band was quenched by adding anti human urokinase type PA ( u PA ) IgG . ^^^ These findings suggested that t PA and u PA coexist and that the PA inhibitor is scanty in human tears . ^^^ We estimated the fibrinolytic activities of t PA and u PA respectively , using anti human u PA and t PA IgG by amidolytic assay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Urokinase and tissue type plasminogen activators ( u PA and t PA ) were identified immunohistochemically during reepithelialization of mouse and human skin wounds , by means of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies . ^^^ At day 14 , the epidermis appeared normal and no u PA immunoreactivity was detected . t PA immunoreactivity was found from day 5 to day 10 in some keratinocytes located superficially in the epidermal outgrowths near the edge of the mouse wounds . ^^^ In 3 and 5 day old human skin wounds , u PA immunoreactivity was found in keratinocytes in the epithelial outgrowths , whereas no t PA immunoreactivity was detected . ^^^ No u PA and no t PA immunoreactivity was found in normal mouse and human epidermis . ^^^ The specificity of the staining was supported by a variety of controls , including absorption of the polyclonal antibodies with highly purified u PA and t PA preparations and zymographic analysis of extracts of wound tissue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Artificial exon shuffling between tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase ( u PA ) : a comparative study on the fibrinolytic properties of t PA / u PA hybrid proteins . ^^^ We constructed two human tissue type plasminogen activator / urokinase ( t PA / u PA ) hybrid cDNAs which were expressed by transfection of mouse Ltk cells . ^^^ The properties of the secreted proteins were compared with those of recombinant t PA ( rt PA ) and high molecular weight ( HMW ) u PA . ^^^ The hybrid proteins each contain the amino terminal fibrin binding chain of t PA fused to the carboxy terminal serine protease moiety of u PA but differ by a stretch of 13 amino acid residues between kringle 2 of t PA and the plasmin cleavage site of u PA . ^^^ Hybrid protein rt PA / u PA 1 contains amino acids 1 262 of t PA connected with amino acids 147 411 of u PA , whereas hybrid protein rt PA / u PA 2 consists of the same t PA segment and residues 134 411 of u PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our knowledge about the components of the fibrinolytic system has greatly increased during the last few years thanks to the cloning of the cDNA of the two plasminogen activators t PA and u PA , of the two plasminogen activator inhibitors PAI 1 and 2 , and of other profibrinolytic and of inhibitory factors of this system . ^^^ The expression of the t PA and of the u PA cDNA in mammalian cells and in E . coli bacteria has rendered it possible to produce sufficient amounts of these thrombolytic disorders for clinical studies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Breast cyst fluids obtained by needle aspiration from 20 patients were analysed for the presence of urokinase like ( u PA ) and tissue type ( t PA ) plasminogen activators . ^^^ While both u PA and t PA specific activities were greater in the 10 cyst fluids categorized as Group A ( Na+ to K+ concentration ratio less than 4 ) than in the 10 samples categorized in Group B ( Na+ to K+ concentration ratio greater than 4 ) , the differences were not statistically significant . ^^^ Nevertheless , this is the first evidence that u PA and t PA are present in active forms in breast cyst fluids . ^^^ The significance of such activities must be hypothetical , but it is possible that a study of factors influencing the levels of u PA and t PA within the breast may yield information about pathophysiology of cystic and other diseases of the breast . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The regulation of urokinase ( u PA ) and tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) in cultured normal and neoplastic urothelium was examined because plasminogen activators ( PAs ) are thought to be important in malignancy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The following tests were performed : euglobulin clot lysis time ( ECLT ) , fibrinolytic activity of euglobulins on fibrin plates in the presence and absence of blocking antibodies to tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and / or urokinase ( u PA ) , overall plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) activity , antigen levels of t PA , u PA and PAI 1 and zymography of the euglobulin fraction after SDS PAGE . ^^^ The immunoquenching experiments showed that this increase was entirely due to t PA related activity whereas u PA activity and t PA / u PA independent activity remained constant during the day . ^^^ Average antigen levels of u PA and t PA in the afternoon were 6 % and 25 % lower than those measured in the morning . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The current investigation involved the secretion of plasminogen activators ( PA ) of tissue type ( t PA ) or urokinase type ( U PA ) by testing supernatants of 21 permanent human leukemic cell lines originating from various hematopoietic lineages and one induced lymphoblastoid cell line . ( LCL ) The amount of PA in each supernatant was determined by biologic and immunoenzymologic assays . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To study the relationship between content and composition of PAs and colorectal neoplasms , we measured u PA and t PA antigen levels in normal mucosa , tubular adenoma , adenocarcinoma in adenoma , and adenocarcinoma , using a sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two hybrid plasminogen activators , plasmin A chain / t PA B chain and plasmin A chain / u PA B chain have been synthesized and purified in sufficient yield to permit measurement of clearance in small laboratory animals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In extracts , tissue type PA ( t PA ) and u PA were determined using a spectrophotometric enzyme assay , antigen assays , and a bioimmunoassay for u PA . ^^^ When the u PA / t PA antigen ratio was taken as a parameter of developing malignancy , two discrete increases were seen during the adenoma carcinoma sequence , the first at adenoma formation and the second accompanying the start of invasive growth in polyps with severe dysplasia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Enzyme immunoassay with antibodies to urokinase ( u PA ) or tissue type PA ( t PA ) identified the RC 2A plasminogen activator as being of urokinase type . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cells secreted tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and PA inhibitor 1 , and , after subculturing , urokinase type PA ( u PA ) antigen . ^^^ The t PA mRNA content of vena cava cells did not exceed that of aorta cells , but was fourfold greater than that of umbilical cord endothelial cells . 3 ) The release of u PA antigen varied . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SDS PAGE followed by zymography indicated that MCF 7 cells secreted tissue type PA ( t PA ) , T 47 D and ZR 75 1 cells secreted urokinase type PA ( u PA ) , and MDA MB 231 cells secreted both types of PAs . ^^^ With a clonal subline of MCF 7 cells , MCF L , a soluble inhibitor of both t PA and u PA was secreted . ^^^ Incubation of purified t PA or u PA with the serum free conditioned medium from MCF L cells resulted in a shift in the mobility of t PA and u PA in SDS polyacrylamide gels to forms increased in molecular mass by about 50 , 000 70 , 000 . ^^^ Our results were consistent with the following conclusions : t PA , u PA or both were secreted by human breast cancer cells . ^^^ In the ER containing cell lines , depending upon the specific cell line , t PA or u PA was stimulated by estrogens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activators in alveolar bone in man was studied in quenching experiments by a fibrin slide technique with addition of monospecific antibodies against tissue plasminogen activators ( t PA ) and urokinase ( u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It formed complexes with urokinase ( u PA ) and with plasminogen activator of the tissue type ( t PA ) , similar to those formed by the placental plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PI PA 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
U PA and / or t PA antigen , as measured by radioimmunoassays , were detected in all but 4 of the CM and were generally 10 times more concentrated than PA activity , indicating the presence of specific PA Is . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activation is mediated by plasminogen activators , which are classified as either tissue type plasminogen activators ( t PA ) or urokinase type plasminogen activators ( u PA ) . ^^^ Two physiological plasminogen activators , t PA and single chain u PA ( scu PA ) induce clot specific thrombolysis , via entirely different mechanisms , however . t PA is relatively inactive in the absence of fibrin , but fibrin strikingly enhances the activation rate of plasminogen by t PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fibrinolysis induced by human tumor cells producing either urokinase ( u PA ) or tissue type plasminogen activators ( t PA ) was inhibited by growth in vitro of the tumor cells together with aortic bovine smooth muscle cells ( SMC ) . ^^^ These results demonstrate that SMC produce and secrete a powerful inhibitor of u PA and t PA induced fibrinolysis , which may alter the invasive and degradative potential of tumor cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We immunocytochemically stained rat pituitary glands using antibodies against plasminogen activators of the tissue type ( t PA ) and the urokinase type ( u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These enzymes have been classified in two immunochemically distinct groups : `` urokinase like ' ' activators or u PA which do not interact with fibrin and `` tissue activator like ' ' activators or t PA which interact with fibrin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The fibrinolytic activity of these cells results from the production of both a tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and a urokinase like activator ( u PA ) . ^^^ FSH and LH stimulate t PA activity and suppress antiactivator activity , while u PA activity is not affected by the gonadotropins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Serum free medium conditioned by SMC neutralized both tissue type ( t PA ) and urokinase like ( u PA ) plasminogen activators . ^^^ Regular fibrin zymography of SMC conditioned medium incubated with u PA or t PA revealed the presence of a component with a calculated approximate Mr of 45 , 000 to 50 , 000 which formed SDS resistant complexes with both types of PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Monoclonal antibodies to tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase ( u PA ) and alpha 2 antiplasmin were obtained by immunizing Balb C mice with the respective purified antigens and fusion of spleen cells with mouse myeloma cells ( NSO ) . ^^^ None of the monoclonal antibodies directed against t PA or u PA inhibited the cleavage of low molecular weight paranitroanilide substrates by the respective plasminogen activators . ^^^ The lower detection limit for determination of t PA was found to be 0 . 5 ng / ml , for determination of u PA 0 . 05 ng / ml , and for determination of alpha 2 antiplasmin 5 ng / ml . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , the relative contribution of the two known types of plasminogen activators , urokinase type ( u PA ) and tissue type ( t PA ) , was evaluated using specific antibodies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The possible physiological role of the production of relatively large amounts of u PA by a lung cell capable of producing both u PA and t PA is discussed . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There are two immunologically distinct types of PA : tissue type ( t PA ) , the main form involved in thrombolysis , and urokinase type ( u PA ) , primarily involved in tissue degradation . ^^^ In addition , the cDNA clones recognize a restriction fragment length polymorphism , where the two common alleles each have a frequency of approximately 0 . 5 . t PA and u PA activities have been found in a wide variety of malignant cells , where they are thought to play a role in metastatic invasion of normal tissue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibition studies with antibodies directed against human urokinase ( u PA ) or tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) revealed the presence of a plasminogen activator completely inhibitable by anti t PA IgG in the vessel walls , while in collecting ducts the plasminogen activator activity was inhibited by anti u PA IgG to only 80 % and by anti t PA IgG to about 20 % . ^^^ A mixture of anti u PA and anti t PA IgG was able to inhibit fibrinolytic activity in collecting ducts completely . ^^^ In carcinomatous prostate glands total fibrinolytic activity was significantly higher , but localization and relative contribution of anti u PA inhibitable and anti t PA inhibitable plasminogen activators remained the same . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Most cell lines produced u PA ( mol . wt 55 , 000 ) , melanoma and HeLa cells t PA ( mol . wt 66 , 000 ) and two carcinoma cell lines and normal skin fibroblasts produced no detectable PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both t PA and u PA rapidly formed complexes with an inhibitor which was present in plasma in pmolar concentrations . p Aminobenzamidine blocked the reaction , indicating that the active center of the activator was indeed implicated in complex formation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We now report that purified human tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , but not urokinase ( u PA ) , has a similar TEF activity , at doses as low as 2 ng / ml ( 30 pM ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Binding by each form of radiolabelled u PA was inhibited in a dose dependent fashion by unlabelled t PA , hmw u PA , lmw u PA , and by monoclonal anti PAI 1 antibody . ^^^ These findings indicate that the specificity of the previously described receptor which mediates PAI 1 dependent catabolism of t PA by Hep G 2 cells extends to complexes of u PA with this inhibitor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and 2 ( PAI 2 ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase ( u PA ) and D dimers ( D D ) were quantified in plasma samples and pleural effusion specimens . ^^^ No significant difference in pleural t PA , u PA and D D levels was observed between aetiologies . ^^^ The highest pleural t PA and u PA values were noted in patients with cancer , especially lymphoma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The thrombi , adjacent vein wall , and distant veins ( the superior vena cava ) were removed at intervals from 1 hour to 21 days from formation and then cryohomogenized and assayed with specific bioimmunoassays for tissue type ( t PA ) and urokinase type plasminogen activators ( u PA ) . ^^^ Both the u PA and t PA content of the thrombus increased progressively during thrombolysis . ^^^ This is the first report to show that u PA activity is increased within organizing thrombus in vivo and that most of the t PA activity is localized to a monocyte infiltrate . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma samples were collected before , during , and after OLT in fifty five patients receiving either high dose aprotinin or placebo in a randomized double blind trial . t PA antigen and u PA antigen and activity levels were increased preoperatively compared with normal controls ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ Hyperfibrinolysis was seen during the anhepatic phase as shown by shortened euglobulin clot lysis times ( ECLT ) and an increase in D dimer titers . t PA levels peaked on reperfusion and fell at the end of the operation , and u PA levels did not increase during OLT , but showed a decrease at the end of the operation . ^^^ With aprotinin treatment , t PA levels were lower on graft reperfusion than the placebo group ( P < 0 . 05 ) , but there was no difference in u PA antigen or activity levels between groups . ^^^ This study showed that the main antifibrinolytic action of aprotinin is as an antiplasmin agent with some effect on t PA but not u PA mediated fibrinolysis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The low density lipoprotein receptor related protein / alpha 2 macroglobulin receptor ( LRP ) mediates endocytosis of a number of structurally unrelated ligands , including complexes of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) or urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , free t PA , single chain urokinase ( pro u PA ) , alpha 2 macroglobulin protease complexes , and lipoprotein lipase . ^^^ Our results provide evidence for the presence of an interaction site for pro u PA localized in the second cluster of cysteine rich repeats that is unrelated to the t PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
From four of the mixed primary tumors with distinct melanotic and amelanotic zones , the respective components were propagated separately in transgenic hosts as s . c . transplants to obtain data for clearly identifiable melanotic versus amelanotic parts . u PA and PAI 1 mRNAs were expressed in all . t PA expression varied greatly and was notably high in several amelanotic tumors or tumor components , possibly as a result of large blood vessels , as such vessels were seen to be t PA positive in normal tissue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Urokinase and tissue type plasminogen activators ( u PA and t PA ) in normal and neoplastic tissues of cervix and of vulva were immunohistochemically identified by means of polycyclonal antibodies . ^^^ In addition , frozen sections were analysed for u PA and t PA activity by in situ zymography technique . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Such molecules include numerous mutants of tissue type PA ( t PA ) with prolonged in vivo half life and / or resistance to protease inhibitors , and chimaeric PAs consisting of different regions of t PA and of urokinase type PA ( u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , we recently conducted a histochemical study of the distribution of t PA , Urokinase type PA ( u PA ) and PAI in transplanted kidneys . ^^^ These renal samples as well as control samples ( biopsied from normal nongrafted kidney ) were examined as to distribution of t PA , u PA and PAI by the indirect enzyme complement method . ^^^ In conclusion , t PA , u PA and PAI were detected in the glomeruli , arterioles , tubule and interstices of the control kidneys , well functioning grafts , acutely rejected grafts chronically rejected grafts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Conditioned media were assayed for urokinase type and tissue type PA ( u PA and t PA , respectively ) , PA inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , and PA activity . ^^^ The PA activity of conditioned medium decreased after stimulation with progesterone , and this was secondary to a decrease in u PA , but not t PA , and an increase in PAI 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fibrin degradation is plasmin dependent and is regulated by the balance between plasminogen activators ( PA ) , tissue PA ( t PA ) , urokinase PA ( u PA ) , and their inhibitors ( PAI ) . ^^^ Fibrin induction of t PA was selective because the levels of u PA ( 45 kD ) , PAI 1 ( 50 kD ) , or protein synthesis in general were unaffected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In conclusion , the hyperfibrinolytic pattern recorded in the central OLT phases is not only attributable to an increased t PA concentration , and is better described as a complex `` lytic ' ' state also including the presence of free proteases ( plasmin and trypsin like ) , with limited participation of u PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the other hand , TSV PA shows only 21 23 % sequence similarity with the catalytic domains of u PA and t PA . ^^^ Furthermore , TSV PA lacks the sequence site that has been demonstrated to be responsible for the interaction of t PA ( KHRR ) and u PA ( RRHR ) with plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of PAI 1 , t PA and u PA in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells derived from racial groups . ^^^ To determine whether inherent fibrinolytic differences may exist in racial groups ( black americans , BA vs . white americans , WA ) , 55 different individual racially derived human umbilical vein endothelial cell ( HUVEC ) cultures ( 35 BA and 20 WA ) were analyzed in terms of their fibrinolytic protein ( t PA , u PA and PAI 1 ) antigen and mRNA levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Methods for measuring antigen and activity of plasminogen activators ( t PA , u PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) and their complex have been improved in the past few years , but few comparative data are available and they should be standardized . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study the expression of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) antigen in conditioned medium from cultured human umbilical vein ( HUVEC ) and human saphenous vein ( HSVEC ) endothelial cells was investigated under basal conditions and after stimulation with LPS , TNF alpha , interferon gamma ( IFN gamma ) or interleukin 6 ( IL 6 ) alone or in combinations . ^^^ Stimulation with LPS or TNF alpha increased the expression of PAI 1 , u PA and PAI 2 in HUVEC and HSVEC , while the t PA response differed between the two cell types . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report binding of plasminogen , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urinary type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) to intact SMCECM with concentrations of ligand yielding half maximal binding ( B 50 ) of 34 , 5 and 15 nM , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The concentrations of the plasminogen activators u PA and t PA as well as the inhibitor PAI 1 were studied immunohistochemically in 35 osteosarcoma specimens compared to 15 Ewing ' s sarcomas and various other bone lesions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Of each category of in vivo behaviour in the caecum , one cell line was further investigated with regard to invasion in vitro ( into embryonic chick heart fragments ) , E cadherin expression in vivo and in vitro and in vitro production of u PA and t PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using various goat immunoglobulin G ( IgG ) containing antibodies ( anti human uterine tissue type PA ( t PA ) , anti human low molecular weight ( LMW ) urokinase , and nonspecific goat IgG ) and plasminogen free fibrin agarose plates , we confirmed that the cholesteatoma tissue extracts contained 72 kd t PA and 64 kd urokinase type PA ( u PA ) . ^^^ Furthermore , we measured the t PA and u PA activities in the tissue extracts selectively by parabolic rate assay . ^^^ The specific t PA activity ranged from 0 . 03 to 0 . 43 mIU / micrograms protein and the specific u PA activity ranged from 0 to 0 . 35 mIU / microgram protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis at the levels of protein and mRNA of cultured cells and of histozymography of tumor xenografts in nude mice showed that Co 115 cells produce only tissue type PA ( t PA ) and no urokinase ( u PA ) . ^^^ Laminin degradation by Co 115 cells was completely inhibited by 100 micrograms / ml of polyclonal anti t PA IgG , by the plasmin inhibitors aprotinin ( 100 micrograms / ml ) or epsilon aminocaproic acid ( EACA ; at 0 . 3 M ) , but not by antibodies against u PA or u PAR nor by nonimmune IgG . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The conversion of plasminogen into serine protease plasmin with fibrinolytic activity depends on the actual balance between plasminogen activators ( urokinase type ; u PA and tissue type ; t PA ) and their inhibitors ( type 1 and 2 plasminogen activator inhibitors ; PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) . ^^^ Cancer cells strongly labelled for both u PA and t PA , but epithelial cells of fibroadenoma samples were also stained for plasminogen activators at least as intensively as tumour cells in cancerous tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the same subjects we also measured plasma antigen levels of tissue type PA ( t PA ) , urokinase type PA ( u PA ) , PAI 1 , PAI 2 , and D dimer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We quantitated urokinase and tissue plasminogen activator ( u PA , t PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) , and fibrinolytic activity in peripheral blood ( PB ) , tumour blood ( TB ) , peritoneal / ascitic fluid ( PAF ) and cystic fluid ( CF ) from 104 patients with benign and 36 patients with malignant ovarian tumours , and in peripheral blood from 62 healthy controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effects of heparan sulfate analogue or other sulfated polysaccharides on the activation of plasminogen by t PA or u PA . ^^^ Activation rate of native plasminogen ( Glu plg ) by tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urinary plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and single chain u PA ( scu PA ) was enhanced in the presence of HHS 5 dose dependently up to 10 micrograms / ml . ^^^ HHS 5 enhanced the activation of Glu plg by t PA or u PA compared to the activation of Lys plg . ^^^ The enhancement of the activation of plasminogen by t PA or u PA was more significant in the presence of HHS 5 than in the presence of chondroitin sulfate C , dextran sulfate or heparin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study we have verified the mitogenic effect of urokinase type ( u PA ) and tissue type plasminogen activators ( t PA ) on human normal fibroblasts . ^^^ The activity of u PA and t PA is , respectively , three and twofold more potent than that exerted by epidermal growth factor ( EGF ) with an activity slightly lower ( 50 60 % ) than that induced by basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) . ^^^ The u PA and t PA , but not plasmin , induced DNA synthesis , which could be neutralized by anti u PA and anti t PA antibodies , respectively , but was insensitive to aprotinin treatment . ^^^ The addition of anti u PA receptor ( u PAR ) monoclonal antibodies to the assays selectively suppressed the mitogenic effect exerted by u PA , but not that of t PA , and the amino terminal fragment of u PA , containing the EGF like domain and the kringle module , did not elicit any mitogenic activity . ^^^ Anti bFGF antibodies completely suppressed the mitogenic activity of bFGF , but did not have any effect on that of u PA and t PA ; the activity of both PAs was inhibited by anti fibronectin IgG concentrations ineffective on bFGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Despite these effects , interactions of these agents with enzymes in the fibrinolytic network result in the modulation of such proteases as t PA , u PA and streptokinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , treatment with 1 mg / kg dexamethasone decreased t PA activity in tissue extracts of the aorta , heart and liver ( 65 % , 28 % and 58 % , respectively ) whereas tissue u PA activity was not influenced . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator type was determined by anti human t PA and urokinase ( u PA ) antibody blocking before activity assay ( n = 7 ) . ^^^ Free PA activity ranged widely ( 0 . 072 to 0 . 47 IU / ml ; mean , 0 . 20 + / 0 . 10 IU / ml ) and was almost completed inactivated ( > or = 89 % ) by antibody against human t PA but not by the u PA antibody . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The B 16 cell lines did not secrete any gelatinase , but they secreted TIMP 2 , tissue type ( t PA ) , urokinase type ( u PA ) plasminogen activators and PAI 1 like activities . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TNF alpha enhances urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) activity and steady state mRNA levels twofold without affecting tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) or PAI 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Comparison between the u PA kringle structure and the crystal and NMR solution structures of tissue type plasminogen activator kringle 2 has shown that the two proteins have similar global folds but demonstrate a number of local differences . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we measured the antigen levels of urokinase ( u PA ) , tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) , and type 2 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 2 ) , and cancer tissue ( 19 adenocarcinomas and 19 squamous cell carcinomas ) and normal lung tissue . ^^^ RESULTS . u PA , PAI 1 , and PAI 2 antigen levels in cancer tissue were significantly higher than those in normal tissue ( P < 0 . 001 in u PA and PAI 1 ; P < 0 . 005 in PAI 2 ) , whereas t PA antigen levels in cancer tissue were significantly lower than those in normal tissue ( P < 0 . 005 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Urinary type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) production was one order of magnitude greater than production of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) . ^^^ Furthermore , t PA secretion by normal ovarian epithelial cells was not detectable , whereas u PA production was 17 to 38 fold lower than in ovarian carcinoma cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Indirect evidence suggests a crucial role for the fibrinolytic system and its physiological triggers , tissue type ( t PA ) and urokinase type ( u PA ) plasminogen activator , in many proteolytic processes . ^^^ Inactivation of the t PA gene impairs clot lysis and inactivation of the u PA gene results in occasional fibrin deposition . ^^^ Mice with combined t PA and u PA deficiency suffer extensive spontaneous fibrin deposition , with its associated effects on growth , fertility and survival . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Isotretinoin ( 40 mg ) was administered in the morning and in the evening for 5 days . t PA , u PA and PAI 1 antigen and activity in plasma were measured every morning at 9 a . m . on days 1 to 4 and every 3 hours over 24 hours on day 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The t PA response to DDAVP was impaired in 7 patients ( 32 % ) , the response of VWF in 9 patients ( 41 % ) , and the u PA : Ag response in 11 patients ( 50 % ) . ^^^ The response of u PA ( not of t PA or VWF ) to DDAVP appeared to correlate with urine flow during the first 24 h , suggesting the dependence of u PA release on intact nephrons . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Differences in u PA and t PA increase during acute exercise : relation with exercise parameters . ^^^ Plasma levels of urokinase type ( u PA Ag ) and tissue type ( t PA Ag ) plasminogen activator are both enhanced during physical exercise . ^^^ We studied the changes in u PA Ag , t PA Ag and t PA activity during a standardized exercise test comprising submaximal and maximal exercise intensity . ^^^ During submaximal ( recreational ) exercise , increases in u PA are mainly due to changes in plasma volume , submaximal exercise demonstrates a continuous rise in level of t PA Ag . ^^^ During maximal performance peak levels of u PA and t PA Ag do not coincide in time and magnitude , moreover , u PA Ag rather than t PA Ag is related to t PA Act . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of plasminogen activators ( PA ) , tissue type ( t PA ) and urokinase type ( u PA ) , as well as PA inhibitors ( PAI ) , type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and type 2 ( PAI 2 ) , were investigated immunohistochemically in 97 human pancreatic carcinomas . u PA expression predominated in pancreatic carcinomas , compared with t PA [ u PA expression in 76 specimens ( 78 . 4 % ) and t PA in eight specimens ( 8 . 2 % ) ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine the levels of free plasminogen activator activity in human aqueous humor and to identify the type of activity ( i . e . , tissue type t PA or urokinase type u PA ) that is responsible . ^^^ The activity was blocked by anti human t PA antibodies but not by antibodies against human u PA , further defining the type of PA responsible for the detected activity . t PA antigen levels showed less variation among individuals than did activity levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue type PA ( t PA ) which is mainly secreted from vascular endothelial cells possesses a high affinity for fibrin in contrast to urokinase type PA ( u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In pre eclampsia ( PE ) , reduced levels of plasma urokinase like plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) , and increased levels of plasma tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) antigen were seen . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tests were performed utilizing antibodies to recombinant human tissue factor ; factor 7 ; factor 10 ; factor XIIIA ; high molecular weight and low molecular weight forms of u PA ; tissue type plasminogen activator ; plasminogen ; and the plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 , 2 , and 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We studied the plasminogen activation system in tumor tissue by measuring the antigen level of the 2 plasminogen activators , tissue type ( t PA ) and urokinase type ( U PA ) and their inhibitors , plasminogen activator inhibitors type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and type 2 ( PAI 2 ) in the tissue extracts of 43 human benign and malignant ovarian tumors . ^^^ These results were integrated in a plasminogen activation dependent malignancy index ( U PA 10 PAI I / t PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fibrinolytic properties of four hybrids of u PA and t PA , all containing the u PA growth factor domain and binding to recombinant human u PA receptor expressed in CHO cells , were compared . ^^^ This lack of thrombolytic activity is presumably due to the presence of a functional u PA growth factor domain , which in binding uK2tPA to cellular blood elements possibly retards its penetration into the blood clot and in this manner could neutralize the potential thrombolytic activity of the t PA kringle 2 and protease domains in uK2tPA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ala 44 Lys50 , Ala 44 Glu51 and Lys 19 Lys20 . enhanced the activation of Glu plg by tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) or urinary plasminogen activator ( u PA ) . ^^^ These peptides did not have any direct effects on u PA and t PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator ( PA ) is a serine protease existing in two forms known as tissue type ( t PA ) and urokinase type ( u PA ) . ^^^ To examine whether PA is related to the postoperative clinical course of human breast cancer , total PA activity , t PA activity , u PA activity , and immunoreactive t PA were determined in tissue extracts from 144 breast cancer specimens . ^^^ Both t PA activity and t PA antigen levels were also significantly lower in Groups 2 , 3 and 4 than in Group 1 , while no significant difference was found in u PA activity among these groups , indicating that low activity of total PA in Groups 2 , 3 and 4 was due to a decrease in t PA but not in u PA . ^^^ This study provides provocative evidence suggesting a possible differential significance of t PA and u PA expression in human breast cancer . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both plasminogen ( Pg ) and urinary type Pg activator ( u PA ) , but not tissue type Pg activator ( t PA ) , bind to normal and rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) human synovial fibroblasts in culture with high affinity and in a dose dependent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator ( PA ) is a serine protease which exists in two forms : tissue type ( t PA ) and urokinase type ( u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the absence of accessory components , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) rapidly forms equimolar , inactive complexes both with tissue type ( t PA ) and with urokinase type ( u PA ) plamsinogen activator . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The level of the tissue type PA ( t PA ) antigen was highest in acute myeloblastic leukemia ( AML ) and that of the urokinase type PA ( u PA ) was highest in acute promyelocytic leukemia ( APL ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasma is incubated with either streptokinase , urokinase ( u PA ) , tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) or plasminogen streptokinase activator complex ( PSAC ) at room temperature . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue type and urokinase type plasminogen activators ( t PA and u PA ) coexist in numerous biological fluids , where their fibrinolytic activities are determined by the concentration of the free , uncomplexed species . ^^^ A simple , sensitive method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of free t PA and u PA concentrations in biological fluids using a solid phase immunoassay . ^^^ Free t PA and free u PA were detectable in human plasma and urine , and in conditioned media from different endothelial cell cultures . ^^^ The method is sensitive , with lower limits of quantitation being 0 . 76 mU / ml ( 1 . 25 pg / ml ) for free t PA and 0 . 16 mU / ml ( 2 . 0 pg / ml ) for free u PA . ^^^ The intra and interassay coefficients of variation for t PA and u PA were 3 . 5 12 . 2 and 3 . 2 11 . 3 % , and 2 . 4 11 . 8 and 1 . 6 10 . 4 % , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator activity ( PAA ) and plasminogen activator inhibition ( PAI ) , against t PA ( t PAI ) or u PA ( u PAI ) , in spermatozoa and seminal plasma as well as testosterone in the blood of Friesland , Chios , and Karagouniki rams all showed a seasonal variation with the highest values during the corresponding breeding season of the ewes ( Autumn Winter ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These water soluble cyclopeptides behave as time dependent inhibitors of bovine trypsin and human urokinase ( u PA ) but have no effect on tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and no or poor effect on plasmin and thrombin . ^^^ The selectivity of the inactivation of u PA compared to t PA could be of therapeutical significance in controlling cell proliferation and invasion . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lysis of blood clots from vehicle and retinoic acid treated rats could be completely blocked by addition of tranexamic acid or antibodies against rat t PA before clot formation . t PA activity in plasma was slightly increased after retinoic acid treatment ; no effects were measured on plasma PAI 1 , u PA , plasminogen , and alpha 2 antiplasmin levels . t PA activity in lung and kidney was marginally enhanced by retinoic acid but in heart and aortic tissue extracts t PA activity was increased by about 50 % . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Whereas plasminogen activator of the tissue type ( t PA ) is present in extracts of kidney parenchyma , only small amounts of the enzyme can be detected in normal urine where the major plasminogen activator is of the urokinase type ( u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These findings were also reflected in the specific mRNA levels as determined by Northern blotting . u PA specific mRNA increased significantly in HFMEC in the presence of IL 4 , whereas t PA mRNA and PAI 1 specific mRNA in HFMEC and u PA specific mRNA in human saphenous vein EC ( HSVEC ) remained unaffected by IL 4 treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We , therefore , performed immunohistological studies on human colon tumours using monoclonal antibodies against urokinase ( u PA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) as well as against plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) . ^^^ Intestinal dendritic or fibroblast like cells within the tumour tissue strongly expressed u PA and , at a lower level , also t PA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The balance of proteases and inhibitors differed dramatically from that observed in plasma , with higher levels of t PA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 , and lower levels of u PA ( urokinase ) , plasminogen , alpha 2 AP and t PA PAI 1 complex in bone marrow , and resulted in favourable conditions for fibrinolysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type PA ( u PA ) and PA inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) in such treated cells was investigated by specific ELISAs on the protein level and by Northern blotting on the mRNA level . ^^^ AZA caused a time and dose dependent decrease in the fibrinolytic potential of all three cell lines investigated by decreasing t PA antigen in Bowes , by decreasing u PA antigen in GUBSB and by increasing PAI 1 antigen in MJZJ cells , respectively . ^^^ The effect of AZA on specific mRNA for t PA in Bowes cells , u PA in GUBSB and PAI 1 in MJZJ was consistent with its effect on the secretion of these fibrinolytic proteins by the respective cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated the effects of IL 1 on the production of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase ( u PA ) and PAI 1 by glomerular cells . ^^^ IL 1 significantly increased the synthesis of t PA by mesangial cells and glomerular epithelial cells ( P < 0 . 005 for both cell types ) , while u PA production was unaltered . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The endothelial cells which had not been treated with LPS produced and secreted a large amount of urokinase type PA ( u PA ) , and small amounts of tissue type PA ( t PA ) and PA inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , which were identified immunohistochemically and by electrophoretic enzymography . ^^^ Although LPS treatment increased u PAR expression in endothelial cells in a dose dependent manner , the expression of u PA and t PA mRNAs was not altered significantly . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Exercise induced changes in coagulation ( increase in von Willebrand factor and FVIII : c and a shortening of APTT ) and fibrinolytic potential ( increase in t PA and u PA ) were of comparable magnitude for the three age categories . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Subconfluent cells ( third passage ) were incubated overnight in serum free medium . t PA , u PA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 antigens were assayed by ELISA methods and PA and PAI activities by amidolytic methods both in conditioned medium ( CM ) and cell extracts ( CE ) . ^^^ At variance with the former , which was largely released in the culture medium , PAI 2 was mainly cell associated . t PA antigen was found in all but two cell lines while u PA antigen was detected in relatively high concentrations in 8 cell lines . ^^^ PAI activity was found instead in the extracts in which the inhibitor was higher than the activator ( six lines ) and was identified as PAI 2 , as it inhibited u PA but not single chain t PA and was neutralized by a polyclonal anti PAI 2 antibody . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results suggested that human endothelial cells respond to hyperthermia by inducing HSP 70 followed by hyperfibrinolytic states with the enhanced expression of u PAR as well as that of t PA and u PA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since PAI 1 inhibits the 2 major plasminogen activators , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urinary type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) in an equimolar manner it was important to establish the potency of the PAI 1 inhibitor in terms of both t PA and u PA neutralisation . ^^^ While the ICS indicated a wide spread of data between the laboratories the mean value of 27 . 5 t PA neutralisation units and 7 . 0 u PA neutralisation units was confirmed by numerous assays at NIBSC using a tedious but technically reliable titration assay procedure . ^^^ Belgium in September 1994 ) has recommended that the plasma PAI 1 ( 92 / 654 ) should be accepted as the International Standard for PAI 1 and should define a unitage in terms of both t PA and u PA neutralisation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These stimulatory effects on the release of t PA and PAI 1 , but not of u PA , were enhanced by the concomitant addition of progesterone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The endothelial cells produced and secreted large amounts of u PA and low levels of tissue type PA ( t PA ) and of PA inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , which were identified by immunohistochemical study and electrophoretic enzymography . ^^^ However , PMA and H 7 did not stimulate the expression of u PA and t PA mRNAs significantly . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is suggested that the GB and u PA have similar specific binding sites which can recognise and bind to the receptors on tumour cells in fibrin treated sections , but t PA has no such binding site and fails to recognise the cell surface receptors for GB . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A potential activator of pro Sln 1 , urokinase ( u PA ) , was released at elevated levels in the presence of the Fn f while other activators , tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and plasmin activities were not detected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Localization of t PA , u PA , PAI 1 , PI and TGF beta within tumors was examined immunohistologically in 31 patients with squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC ) of the head and neck , and correlations between the localization of these factors and local cancer infiltration , tumor size or cervical lymph node metastasis were investigated . ^^^ The results revealed that u PA , PAI 1 and PI tend to stain more intensely in infiltrating tumors than in peripheral connective tissue or normal epithelium , whereas neither t PA nor TGF beta showed any such tendency . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This exceptional property of t PA , however , is not shared by urokinase ( u PA ) , a plasminogen activator that is very closely related to t PA . ^^^ Based on observation of the recently described structures of the protease domains of two chain t PA and u PA , and molecular modeling of the corresponding single chain enzymes , we propose that the presence or absence of an acidic residue at position 144 ( chymotrypsin numbering system ) is the primary determinant of the distinct zymogenicities of the two enzymes . ^^^ Consistent with this hypothesis , mutation of histidine 144 of t PA to an acidic residue , as in u PA , selectively suppressed the activity of single chain t PA and thereby significantly enhanced the enzyme ' s zymogenicity . ^^^ A variant of t PA containing an aspartate residue at position 144 , for example , exhibited a zymogenicity of 150 , compared to a value of 9 for wild type t PA and 250 for u PA . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In AAA tissue , elevated levels of both urokinase type and tissue type plasminogen activators ( u PA and t PA ) have been documented . u PA and t PA have been localized to macrophages within the inflammatory infiltrate which is characteristic of AAA . mRNA expression of both type PAs is elevated as well in comparison to both normal and atherosclerotic occlusive aorta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , the expression of three glycoproteins that play a role in the plasminogen activator system as activators of proteolysis urokinase type plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) were studied in various components of dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas of bone . ^^^ METHODS : The expression of u PA , t PA , and PAI 1 was investigated in 10 dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas and 14 conventional chondrosarcomas . ^^^ RESULTS : In dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma , high grade dedifferentiated components displayed strong , diffuse coexpression of u PA , t PA , and PAI 1 . ^^^ In the latter , u PA , t PA , and PAI 1 expression was found to be enhanced at invasive foci and in regions of endochondral ossification . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : The current study documents the overexpression of u PA , t PA , and PAI 1 in dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma and suggests involvement of the plasminogen activator system in the biology of these tumors . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The T cell lines were found to express either urokinase ( u PA ) and high levels of u PA receptor or tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and low levels of u PA receptor . ^^^ The rate of transmigration was consistently higher for u PA expressing cells than for t PA expressing cells . ^^^ Thus , the transmigration of T leukemia cells through a barrier of extracellular matrix requires PA dependent proteolysis , which can be provided either by u PA or t PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both plasminogen and plasminogen activators ( t PA and u PA ) bind to specific cellular receptors ; assembly of components of the fibrinolytic system at the endothelial cell surface results in stimulation of fibrinolytic activity . ^^^ Several mechanisms contribute to this stimulation , eg , enhanced plasminogen activation by t PA or u PA , enhanced conversion of scu PA to tcu PA , and impaired inhibition of plasmin by alpha 2 antiplasmin or of PAs by PAIs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inactivated samples of porcine PAI 1 could be reactivated with guanidinium chloride up to 52 % of its original specific activity towards t PA and u PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The inhibitory effect of heparin for vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation or migration is not mediated by u PA and t PA . ^^^ Previous works suggest the interesting possibility of an effect of heparin on vascular smooth muscle cell ( SMC ) replication and migration via a selective inhibition of the expression of t PA and u PA both of which may play major roles during intimal hyperplasia following endothelial injury . ^^^ The present study was undertaken to evaluate in vitro the effect of heparin on the growth and migration of aortic SMC isolated from transgenic mice showing single inactivations of the t PA and u PA genes comparatively to SMC isolated from control mice . ^^^ On control cells , heparin inhibited in a dose dependent manner the expression of both t PA and u PA protein and mRNA . ^^^ Heparin however , similarly affected the mitogenic and chemotactic activity of FCS for SMC isolated from control , t PA or u PA deficient mice therefore showing that heparin inhibits FCS induced SMC proliferation via mechanism ( s ) other than single inhibition of t PA or u PA expression by smooth muscle cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In previous studies we found that colorectal carcinomas have a marked increase of the urokinase type of plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , and the inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 , whereas the tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) is found to be decreased in comparison with adjacent normal mucosa . ^^^ Uni and multivariate analyses indicated that a high PAI 2 antigen level in carcinoma , a low t PA activity and antigen level and a high u PA / t PA antigen ratio in adjacent normal mucosa are significantly associated with a poor overall survival . ^^^ A high ratio of u PA antigen in the carcinomas and t PA antigen in normal mucosa , i . e . u PA ( C ) / t PA ( N ) , was found to be predictive of a poor overall survival as well . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When the HPASMCs ( passage 4 or 5 ) were conditioned with NG R 1 , a dose ( 0 . 01 100 micrograms NG R1 / ml for 24 hrs . ) dependent increase in t PA an u PA synthesis was observed , which was significant from 1 microgram NG R1 / ml on . t PA antigen increased from 2 . 4 + / 0 . 1 to 4 . 7 + / 0 . 5 ng / 10 ( 5 ) cells / 24 hrs . ; u PA antigen increased from 1 . 8 + / 0 . 1 to 3 . 0 + / 0 . 4 ng / 10 ( 5 ) cells / 24 hrs . ^^^ On Northern blot analysis of mRNA obtained from NG R 1 stimulated and control HPASMCs NG R 1 induced a significant increases in mRNA levels of t PA and u PA ( 180 % and 200 % of control value , respectively ) at 100 micrograms NG R1 / ml while PAI 1 mRNA decreased slightly . ^^^ In conclusion our data give evidence that NG R 1 can increase the fibrinolytic potential in cultured HPASMCs in vitro by increasing the production of t PA and u PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , unlike peptides containing the physiological target sequence , the peptide substrates selected in this study were cleaved as much as 120 times more efficiently by u PA than by tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , an intimately related enzyme . ^^^ Insights gained in these investigations were used to design a variant of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 , the primary physiological inhibitor of both u PA and t PA , that inhibited u PA approximately 70 times more rapidly than it inhibited t PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Relatively high levels of u PA were present in the aggressive cell lines . u PA receptor mRNA was produced in all cells , and all but AT 1 produced LDL receptor related protein ( LRP ) mRNA . t PA mRNA was only found in HIF and MATLu . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
From these results it can be concluded that both u PA and t PA mediated plasminogen activation can contribute to in vitro human smooth muscle cell migration and invasion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization were employed to investigate the expression of tissue type and urokinase type plasminogen activators ( t PA and u PA , respectively ) , of their specific inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) , and of the procoagulant molecule tissue factor ( TF ) in tissues from mice that develop autoimmune disease ( MRL lpr / lpr ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To define the role of the plasminogen activators ( PAs ) tissue PA ( t PA ) and urokinase PA ( u PA ) in vascular wound healing , neointima formation and reendothelialization were evaluated after electric or mechanical arterial injury in mice with a single or combined deficiency of t PA ( t PA / ) and / or u PA ( u PA / ) . ^^^ In both models , neointima formation and neointimal cell accumulation were reduced in u PA / and in t PA / / u PA / arteries but not in t PA / arteries . ^^^ In contrast , in u PA / and t PA / / u PA / arteries , smooth muscle cells accumulated at the uninjured borders but failed to migrate into the necrotic center . ^^^ Cultured u PA / but not t PA / smooth muscle cells also failed to migrate in vitro after scrape wounding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) influence persistence of luminal thrombi and proteolysis of extracellular matrix , respectively . ^^^ Tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) influence persistence of luminal thrombi and proteolysis of extracellular matrix , respectively . ^^^ The major physiologic inhibitor of t PA and u PA is plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover S 18326 was identified as the most selective compound of the series with relative potencies being 2 to 29 fold higher than that of DuP 714 versus the panel of serine proteases tested ; the rank order of potency versus the other serine proteases for S 18326 was t PA > kallikrein > aPC > factor 1 > plasmin > fXa > u PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cultured fibroblasts from patients with systemic sclerosis ( SSc ) and normal individuals were examined for gene expression of types 1 and 3 collagen , decorin , matrix metalloproteinases ( MMP ) MMP 1 , MMP 2 , and MMP 3 , tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases ( TIMP ) TIMP 1 and TIMP 2 , urokinase and tissue type plasminogen activators ( u PA and t PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The concentrations of the urokinase ( u PA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) related fibrinolysis in their urine was followed using sensitive and specific assays , and the changes related to post operative blood loss . ^^^ Measurements of the urinary concentrations of free t PA activity , t PA antigen , free u PA activity , u PA antigen and fibrin degradation products ( FbDP ) were determined and the area under the curve for each of these quantities correlated with the post operative blood loss . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue and urokinase plasminogen activators ( t PA , u PA ) and their inhibitor PAI 1 in blood of patients with laryngeal neoplasms ] . ^^^ In this study we measured the concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , activity of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and euglobulin lysis time ( ELT ) in the blood of 20 men aged 42 75 years old with planoepitheliale larynx carcinoma , and 10 healthy persons in similar age . ^^^ In this study the mean values of t PA , u PA concentrations , PAI 1 activity and ELT in the blood of patients with larynx carcinoma were similar to the examination results of healthy persons , but 40 % of our cancer patients have increased activity of PAI 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have analysed the expression of tissue type PA ( t PA ) , urokinase type PA ( u PA ) , and their respective receptors , annexin 2 and u PAR , in normal and neoplastic cultures of pancreatic cells , as well as in pancreatic tissues , and have examined their role in tumor invasiveness in vitro . ^^^ In vitro invasion assays indicate that both t PA and u PA contribute to the invasiveness of SK PC 1 cells through reconstituted extracellular matrix . ^^^ To determine the relevance of these studies to pancreas cancer , immunohistochemical assays have been used to examine the expression of t PA , u PA , and their receptors in normal and neoplastic tissues . t PA is absent from normal pancreas and from tumor associated pancreatitis , whereas it is detected in the majority of pancreas cancer tissues ( 16 / 17 ) . ^^^ These results support the contention that , in the exocrine pancreas , activation of t PA is more specifically associated to neoplastic transformation and to the invasive phenotype , whereas the induction of u PA / u PAR system might be more relevant to inflammatory or non neoplastic events . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the acute phase , intense plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) gene expression was apparent in areas interfacing the dissecting hematoma , but no tissue type PA ( t PA ) , urokinase type PA ( u PA ) , or MMP 9 mRNAs were detected . ^^^ Although PAI 1 mRNA was still present in the subacute phase , t PA , u PA , and MMP 9 mRNAs were now obvious , with PA gene expression co localizing with areas of PAI 1 gene expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recent studies demonstrated that u PA , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) , and tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) are prognostic factors in breast cancer . ^^^ The median follow up was 52 . 6 months . u PA , PAI 1 , and t PA antigen levels were assayed by ELISA kits using the cytosolic fractions of tumors . ^^^ Patients with high u PA , high PAI 1 , or low t PA had significantly higher relapse rates than did those with low u PA , low PAI 1 , or high t PA , respectively , by the Kaplan Meier method ( P = 0 . 006 , 0 . 032 , and 0 . 028 , respectively ) . ^^^ Analyses of the combinations of both u PA and PAI 1 or both u PA and t PA showed that the differences in relapse rate between the high and low risk groups were statistically very significant . ^^^ In the univariate analysis , u PA , PAI 1 , t PA , progesterone receptor , and tumor size ( T 3 versus T 1 ) were significantly correlated with relapse . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although systemic tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase like plasminogen activator ( u PA ) levels showed no significant differences from normal adults , enhanced fibrinolysis was indicated by elevated D dimer and low plasminogen levels in the neonates in this study . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase like plasminogen activator ( u PA ) activities and antigen levels have been determined in polyp tissue and control nasal mucosa . t PA activity is higher in nasal mucosa ( median : 4 . 26 i . u . / mg ) as compared with nasal polyps ( median : 0 . 65 i . u . / mg ; p = 0 . 03 ) ; u PA activity is slightly lower in nasal mucosa ( median : 0 . 040 i . u . / mg ) as compared to polyps ( median : 0 . 065 i . u . / mg ; not significant ) . ^^^ Tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase like plasminogen activator ( u PA ) activities and antigen levels have been determined in polyp tissue and control nasal mucosa . t PA activity is higher in nasal mucosa ( median : 4 . 26 i . u . / mg ) as compared with nasal polyps ( median : 0 . 65 i . u . / mg ; p = 0 . 03 ) ; u PA activity is slightly lower in nasal mucosa ( median : 0 . 040 i . u . / mg ) as compared to polyps ( median : 0 . 065 i . u . / mg ; not significant ) . ^^^ The percentage of u PA to t PA is 7 . 9 % in nasal mucosa and 22 . 8 % in nasal polyps ( p < 0 . 01 ) . ^^^ The shift towards a higher u PA / t PA ratio in nasal polyps suggests an inflammatory process . ^^^ The higher u PA / t PA ratio in nasal polyps and the higher levels of u PA , when compared with the findings in other organs affected by inflammation , indicate that u PA plays a part in the inflammatory events resulting in nasal polyps . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : Definition of the changes in the activators of plasminogen , u PA and t PA , and examination of the possible generation of plasmin in the circulation in overwhelming sepsis . ^^^ MEASUREMENT AND RESULT : t PA , PAI 1 , t PA PAI 1 complexes , plasminogen , fibrinogen and plasmin alpha 2 antiplasmin complexes were measured serially by ELISA and free u PA by SDS PAGE with zymography . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Despite the sustained presence of active u PA in the circulation and of t PA antigen at the onset of symptoms , plasmin alpha 2 antiplasmin generation was largely suppressed by high levels of PAI 1 . ^^^ The suppression of plasmin generation by u PA and t PA may ensure the persistence of fibrin in the microcirculation and so contribute to organ failure . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A brief 5 to 30 min preincubation ( induction ) of both t PA and u PA antigen increased approximately 3 fold ( t PA control , 14 . 2 + / 1 . 7 , plus alcohol , 25 . 4 + / 5 ng / ml ; u PA control , 15 + / 0 . 8 , plus alcohol , 46 . 4 + / 1 . 3 ng / ml ) and mRNA levels approximately 2 fold , as compared with controls . ^^^ These combined results indicate that a brief exposure ( < 30 min ) to low levels of alcohol can induce synthesis of EC produced t PA and u PA resulting in an increased expression of HSVEC surface localized fibrinolytic activity and may account , in part , for the apparent cardioprotective benefit associated with moderate alcohol consumption . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Discordant expression of mRNA and protein for urokinase and tissue plasminogen activators ( u PA , t PA ) in endometrial carcinoma . ^^^ Urokinase and tissue plasminogen activators ( u PA , t PA ) were assayed in acetate detergent buffer extracts and their mRNAs quantitated in autoradiograms of Northern blots . ^^^ In contrast to the protein data , u PA mRNA was not higher and t PA mRNA was much lower in malignant compared to benign tumors . ^^^ Thus , high tumor tissue content of u PA does not result from transcriptional regulation , and reduction of t PA mRNA may indicate down regulation of transcription or possibly reduced mRNA stability . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study we examined the relative levels of u PA , tissue type PA ( t PA ) , and u PAR mRNA expression in human HCC by reverse transcription PCR compared with those expressed in peritumoral hepatic tissues . ^^^ A strong correlation was found between the relative levels of u PA and t PA mRNAs detected in the tumor and in the corresponding peritumoral tissues ( P < 0 . 001 for u PA ; P < 0 . 02 for t PA ) . ^^^ However , there was no correlation between the expression of u PA and t PA in HCC ( P = 0 . 565 ) . ^^^ Furthermore , a significant inverse correlation was found between survival months of male patients and the relative level of u PA mRNA ( P < 0 . 05 ) detected at the time of biopsy , whereas no correlation was found in the case of t PA mRNA . ^^^ These results are in line with the possible differential biological role of u PA and t PA in the tumor etiopathogenesis and suggest that the detection of relative levels of u PA mRNA may be a useful prognostic factor for male HCC patients . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IL 1 ( 2 ng / mL ) specifically increased the accumulation of PAI 1 ( 4 . 4 + / 0 . 6 fold ; mean + / SD ; n = 9 ) without affecting tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) or urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) levels , which remained unchanged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The concentrations of the specific activators ( u PA and t PA ) and the specific inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) of the fibrinolytic system were analyzed in the peritoneal fluid in women suffering from intra abdominal adhesions , endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory diseases ( PID ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Exogenous suppletion of the medium with single chain u PA enhances tube formation in our in vitro model , whereas quenching of u PA activity ( but not of tissue type plasminogen activator activity ) or of u PA binding to u PA receptor by specific antibodies suppressed basal and retinoid stimulated tube formation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : Arterial aneurysms exhibit a loss of elastin and an increase in the plasminogen activators urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) . ^^^ Because u PA , t PA , and plasmin have a limited proteolytic activity against elastin , the role of plasminogen activators in the aneurysmal disease is unclear . ^^^ To investigate this question , we overexpressed plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , an inhibitor of t PA and u PA , in a rat model of aortic aneurysm . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Abnormal expression of fibrinolytic genes [ e . g . , tissue type and urokinase type plasminogen activators ( t PA and u PA ) and their specific inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) ] and of the procoagulant molecule tissue factor ( TF ) , has been reported in various types of renal diseases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The following haemostatic parameters were determined ; thrombelastography , fibrinogen , antithrombin 3 ( ATIII ) , thrombin antithrombin ( TAT ) complex , beta thromboglobulin ( beta TG ) , plasminogen activators ( t PA , u PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) , and plasminogen . ^^^ Increased mean plasma fibrinogen and decreased ATIII levels were seen in preeclampsia together with decreased u PA and t PA activity levels in contrast to increased t PA antigen and beta TG . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results showed a low production of tissue type Plasminogen Activator ( t PA ) in both OA and RA SF , but relatively high levels of u PA , until confluence , both in OA and in RA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PAI 1 ovalbumin , PAI 1 antithrombin 3 and PAI 1 P 13 ( Val > Glu ) revealed specific activities of 86+ / 15 % , 77+ / 11 % , and 100+ / 30 % respectively , towards t PA and similar inhibitory properties towards u PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Endothelial cells express fibrinolytic proteins including : urokinase ( u PA ) and tissue type ( t PA ) plasminogen activators , type 1 ( PAI 1 ) and 2 ( PAI 2 ) plasminogen activator inhibitors , and u PA receptor ( u PAR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of the plasminogen activators ( PA ) , urokinase type PA ( u PA ) and tissue type PA ( t PA ) , and expression of the matrix metalloproteinases ( MMPs ) , MMP 3 , MMP 9 , MMP 12 , and MMP 13 , were significantly increased within 15 d of transplantation when cells actively migrate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PAI 2 inhibits both u PA and two chain t PA . ^^^ During preeclampsia t PA and PAI 1 levels are markedly increased in plasma , and in cases of intrauterine growth retardation , u PA and PAI 2 levels are decreased . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To estimate the individual role of the plasminogen activators ( PA ) urokinase ( u PA ) and tissue ( t PA ) in the development of two renal diseases ( the nephrotic forms of chronic glomerulonephritis ( CGN ) and amyloidosis , the baseline plasma and urine levels of u PA and t PA antigens , their functional activity ( FPAA ) , and changes in these parameters were determined after protein loading test ( 0 . 7 g / kg ) . ^^^ The functional loading test revealed PA reserves solely in patients having a high baseline FPAA for both nephropathies : u PA in amyloidosis and t PA in CGN . ^^^ In all the patients , the urine levels of u PA antigens were 20 40 times more than those of t PA antigens and 5 6 times less than those plasma u PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , we propose a role for HGF / SF in wound repair in the skin : HGF / SF produced by activated fibroblasts increases in keratinocytes the expression of PAI 1 , which leads to increased matrix stability during the repair process and which could also limit activation of HGF / SF by proteases such as urokinase type PA ( u PA ) or tissue type PA ( t PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A cell line , TKM 33 , has been established and cloned from human umbilical vein endothelial cells , was previously reported to produce a large amount of urokinase type PA ( u PA ) and small amounts of tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and PA inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) . ^^^ In the present study , we investigated the localization of u PA , t PA , PAI 1 and u PAR in TKM 33 by using immunofluorescence staining technique . ^^^ The endothelial cells were strongly stained with anti PAI 1 , anti u PA and anti u PAR IgGs , and slightly with anti t PA IgG . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The activation of ubiquitous plasminogen by urokinase ( u PA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , which is associated with various neuropathologies , including multiple sclerosis ( MS ) , is the key initiator of the activation cascade of the four classes of matrix metalloproteinases ( MMPs ) : collagenases , stromelysins , membrane type metalloproteinases and gelatinases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Endothelial cell fibrinolysis : transcriptional regulation of fibrinolytic protein gene expression ( t PA , u PA , and PAI 1 ) by low alcohol . ^^^ Endothelial cells ( ECs ) synthesize fibrinolytic proteins , t PA , u PA , and PAs inhibitor , PAI 1 . ^^^ Further nuclear transcription run on assays and transient transfection experiments , using pPAs / luc and pPAI 1 / luc promoter constructs , demonstrated that low ethanol transcriptionally upregulates t PA and u PA gene expression and downregulates PAI 1 gene expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine the ability of radiation to modulate mesangial cell expression of various molecules involved in promoting extracellular matrix ( ECM ) accumulation [ fibronectin , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( Pai 1 ) , and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 ( Timp 2 ) ] and degradation ( Tgfb , plasminogen activators u PA or t PA , matrix metalloproteinases Mmp 2 and Mmp 9 ) , primary cultures of rat mesangial cells ( passage number 6 11 ) were placed in serum free medium 24 h prior to irradiation with single doses of 0 . 5 20 Gy ( 137 ) Cs gamma rays . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recombinant adenoviral vectors expressing u PA , t PA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 were employed to correlate the expression of components of the fibrinolytic system with the invasiveness of HT 1080 tumor cells . ^^^ Migration through Transwell inserts in vitro in the presence of plasminogen was increased up to 22 % by overexpression of u PA , whereas t PA had no effect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The following parameters were determined : plasminogen activators ( t PA , u PA ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , D dimer , beta thromboglobulin ( beta TG ) , thrombin antithrombin ( TAT ) complex , fibrinogen , Factor 7 , platelets , haematocrit and haemoglobin levels . ^^^ RESULTS : No significant change was observed for t PA levels in prolonged implant use . u PA antigen showed a significant decrease whilst D dimer were significantly elevated at only 24 months of implant use compared to pre implant level . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present morphological study was therefore designed to investigate the occurrence and distribution of the tissue and urokinase plasminogen activators ( t PA and u PA ) , the u PA receptor ( u PAR ) and the plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) in normal human testis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect was due to enhanced extracellular PAI 2 accumulation since it was observed with conditioned medium from ATRA treated cells ; it was abolished by the addition of neutralizing anti PAI 2 antibodies and was negligible when single chain t PA was used instead of u PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two relatively simple electrochemical assay methods suitable for the measurement of plasminogen activators ( including urokinase ( u PA ) , streptokinase ( SK ) , and tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) ) in plasma samples are described . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Whereas wild type PAI 1 ( wtPAI 1 ) exhibits inhibitory properties towards t PA and u PA to an extent of 60 80 % of the theoretical maximum , PAI 1 delhF did not exert any detectable inhibitory properties , but behaved as a stable substrate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) were investigated in the pre surgical period and in the postoperative follow up period in children suffering from Ewing sarcoma ( ES ; n = 36 ) or osteosarcoma ( OS ; n = 39 ) . ^^^ Besides a short lasting increase of PAI 1 in patients with OS on day 1 and in children with Es on day 14 , a small and significant but clinically irrelevant difference was found on days 7 10 for plasminogen , t PA and u PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activators u PA ( urokinase ) and t PA ( tissue ) as well as the inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 are present in gingival crevicular fluid in concentrations significantly greater than in plasma . ^^^ The present study describes , by means of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry , the localization of the plasminogen activators and their inhibitors in gingival tissues from patients undergoing periodontal surgery . t PA mRNA and t PA antigen were primarily found in the epithelial tissues , predominantly in the sulcular and junctional regions , although occasionally in the oral epithelium and in blood vessels of the connective tissue . u PA and u PA receptor signals were seen in single cells within the junctional and sulcular epithelia and adjacent to blood vessels close to the junctional epithelium , but rarely in the oral epithelium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Decreased t PA antigen was seen at 18 months and decreased urokinaselike plasminogen activator ( u PA ) antigen occurred throughout the 24 months of both OCs use . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) in cell conditioned medium were determined by ELISA and the level of PAI 1 mRNA was determined using northern hybridisation . ^^^ RESULTS : Under basal conditions ( 5 mM glucose ) , HREC produced PAI 1 , t PA , and trace amounts of u PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PURPOSE : To determine the ability of radiation to modulate kidney tubule epithelial cell expression of various molecules involved in regulating extracellular matrix accumulation ( collagen types 1 and 3 , fibronectin , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , TGF beta and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 ( TIMP 2 ) ) and degradation ( plasminogen activators u PA or t PA , MMP 2 and MMP 9 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activity of plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) , platelet adhesion and aggregation , antigens of tissue and urokinase plasminogen activators ( respectively , t PA Ag and u PA Ag ) , euglobulin lysis time ( ELT ) , complexes of plasmin antiplasmin ( PAP ) and fibrin degradation products ( FDP ) were tested before and after fourteen days administration of 20 30 mg / d prednisone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In a previous work we have reported evidences on the mitogenic activity of urokinase type and tissue type plasminogen activator ( u PA , t PA ) on serum deprived human dermal fibroblasts . ^^^ Quiescent ( G 0 ) cells did not express c fos , c jun , c myc and cyclin A , but upon stimulation with mitogens ( fetal calf serum ( FCS ) , u PA , t PA ) the cyclin A mRNA expression was observed in concomitance with the activation of DNA synthesis . ^^^ Therefore u PA , t PA and FCS similarly modulate the expression of c fos , c jun , c myc , p 53 , p21CIP1 and cyclin A with only slight differences likely related to the time required for activation of DNA synthesis . ^^^ The biological activity of u PA , t PA , as well as that of limiting concentration of FCS ( 1 % ) , was mediated by PTK and PKC . ^^^ In conclusion , u PA and t PA can utilize two different pathways , one depending on PTK and the other on PKC in a way similar to the mitogenic activity induced by low concentration of FCS ( 1 % ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine the role of the fibrinolytic system in regulating the pathologies associated with lung injury , we examined the effect of bleomycin , an agent that induces the development of pulmonary fibrosis , in mice deficient for plasminogen ( Pg ( ) ( / ) ) , urokinase ( u PA ( ) ( / ) ) , urokinase receptor ( u PAR ( ) ( / ) ) , or tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ( ) ( / ) ) , and in control wild type ( WT ) mice . ^^^ Histological analysis 14 days after lung injury confirmed enhanced interstitial fibrosis in Pg ( ) ( / ) , u PA ( ) ( / ) , and t PA ( ) ( / ) mice relative to WT and u PAR ( ) ( / ) mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , thrombi in wt mice , t PA ( / ) and u PA ( / ) mice were comparable , substantiating efficient inhibition of fibrinolysis by the combined PAI 1 / alpha ( 2 ) AP action . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fibrinopeptide A ( FP A ) , D Dimer , plasminogen activators ( PA ) of the urokinase ( u PA ) or tissue type ( t PA ) , PA inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and alpha 2 antiplasmin ( alpha 2 AP ) were determined by ELISA technique . ^^^ U PA , but not t PA levels were significantly reduced in all ILD groups . alpha 2 AP was markedly elevated throughout , whereas PAI 1 levels were lowered . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , the longstanding belief that t PA is responsible for physiological fibrinolysis and urokinase type PA ( u PA ) for pericellular plasminogen activation is belied by extensive experimental animal data , but these findings have had little impact on traditional thinking . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The concentrations of u PA , t PA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 antigen as well as functional u PA were assessed in tissue homogenates from 20 chronic venous ulcers , six actively healing venous ulcers and five traumatic wounds . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Effects of a fucoidan on the activation of plasminogen by u PA and t PA . ^^^ These results indicate that C 1 H promotes the generation of plasmin in the plasminogen activation by HMW u PA and t PA , but not the activity of generated plasmin . ^^^ The present results suggest that C 1 H has the fibrinolytic activity by stimulating the plasminogen activation by HMW u PA and t PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Blast cells from the myeloid forms of acute leukaemia ( M 2 4 ) and ' myeloid ' cell fractions from patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia were capable of lysing plasminogen containing clots ; this activity was neutralized by addition of immunoglobulin against urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , but not by anti tissue plasmogen activator ( t PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Importance of GlcUAbeta 1 3GalNAc ( 4S , 6S ) in chondroitin sulfate E for t PA and u PA mediated Glu plasminogen activation . ^^^ Chondroitin sulfate E ( CSE ) markedly enhanced plasminogen activation by tissue plasminogen activators ( t PAs ) and urinary plasminogen activator ( u PA ) in vitro ; in the presence of 10 microg / ml of CSE , the potentiation factors of single chain of t PA , two chain of t PA and u PA were 400 , 140 and 130 , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In these subjects , the following parameters were established : euglobulin lysis time ( ELT ) , the concentration of tissue plasminogen activator antigen ( t PA Ag ) , the concentration of urokinase plasminogen activator antigen ( u PA Ag ) , the activity of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) , the concentration of plasmin antiplasmin complex ( PAP ) and fibrinogen / fibrin degradation products ( FDP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activators ( t PA and u PA ) and plasminogen activators inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) in some myeloproliferative syndromes . ^^^ In the study we aimed to evaluate fibrinolysis system in blood plasma of the patients with selected myeloproliferative syndromes on the basis of examinations of plasminogen activators ( tissue t PA and urokinase type u PA ) and type 1 and type 2 plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) . ^^^ In citrate venous blood , the following parameters were determined : concentrations of antigen t PA , u PA , PAI 1 , PAI 2 , concentration of plasmin alpha 2 antiplasmin complexes ( PAP ) determined with the use of ELISA technique , PAI 1 activity with amidolytic method , euglobulin lysis time ( ELT ) according to Kowarzyk Buluk and fibrinogen / fibrin degradation products ( FDP ) concentration with the use of Merskey ' s method . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to determine a correlation of cell cycle phases with the fibrinolytic system , we investigated the expression of u PA , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI 1 ) in normal and tumor containing prostate extracts and analyzed a possible relationship with flow cytometry determined proliferative activity of the samples . ^^^ Methods : Samples were obtained from patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer and separated into two portions for DNA analysis and the detection of u PA , t PA , and PAI 1 . ^^^ The concentrations of u PA , t PA , and PAI 1 were determined from tissue extracts after homogenization by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) technique . ^^^ Results : Correlations of u PA and t PA expression with the frequency of G0 / G1 , S , G2M , S phase fraction ( SPF ) , and proliferation index ( PI ) for normal prostate and prostate cancer revealed no significant correlation . ^^^ Furthermore , no significant correlation of u PA , t PA , and PAI 1 with cell cycles in organ confined ( < pT3a ) and disseminated ( > or = pT3a ) tumors was found . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasmin degrades fibrin into soluble fibrin degradation products , by two physiological plasminogen activators ( PA ) , the tissue type PA ( t PA ) and the urokinase type PA ( u PA ) . t PA mediated plasminogen activation is mainly involved in the dissolution of fibrin in the circulation . u PA binds to a specific cellular receptor ( u PAR ) , resulting in enhanced activation of cell bound plasminogen . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we report that in bovine microvascular endothelial cells ( BME cells ) , bFGF principally increased urokinase type PA ( u PA ) while tissue type PA ( t PA ) was increased mainly by VEGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A growing body of evidence suggests that this process may be dependent upon plasmin , a serine protease generated from plasminogen ( Plg ) by either urokinase Plg activator ( u PA ) or tissue Plg activator ( t PA ) . ^^^ Neuritogenesis is also impaired by alpha ( 2 ) plasmin inhibitor , antibodies directed against t PA and u PA , and epsilon aminocaproic acid , a lysine analog that inhibits Plg activation and the binding of Plg to Ann 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DATA SOURCES : An extensive literature search ( MEDLINE , EMBASE , Conference Proceedings ) was conducted to identify articles in English published between 1966 and May 2000 pertaining to the pathophysiology of IVH and its treatment by intraventricular administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator ( alteplase ) or urokinase ( u PA ) . ^^^ To overcome this problem , and to dissolve the residual blood clot , investigators have administered alteplase or u PA directly into the ventricles of patients with IVH . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Fibrinolytic therapy with alteplase or u PA may be life saving in severe cases of IVH . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activators ( tissue type ; t PA and urokinase type ; u PA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitors ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) are found in high concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid ( GCF ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activators ( urokinase type , u PA and tissue type , t PA ) are serine proteases that have been suggested to play important roles in synaptic remodeling . ^^^ Using ( 32 ) P labeled riboprobes and Northern blots the expression of mRNA for u PA , t PA and the inhibitor protease nexin 1 ( PN 1 ) has been studied in innervated and 1 10 days denervated hind limb muscle from mouse . ^^^ For both u PA and t PA the observed autoradiographic signals were similar for RNA extracted from innervated and denervated leg muscles . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) is the primary inhibitor of both tissue and urokinase type plasminogen activators ( t PA , u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activators ( t PA and u PA ) and other fibrinolysis parameters in patients with atherosclerosis obliterans and diabetic macroangiopathy ] . ^^^ Concentration of : tissue plasminogen activator antigen ( t PA : Ag ) , urokinase plasminogen activator antigen ( u PA : Ag ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 antigen ( PAI 1 : Ag ) ( ELISA ) , PAI 1 activity ( PAI 1 act . ) , euglobulin lysis time ( ELT ) ( Kowarzyk Buluk method ) , fibrinogen , fibrin degradation products ( FDP ) ( Merskey method ) in blood plasma were evaluated . ^^^ The results shows statistically higher concentrations of : t PA : Ag , PAI 1 : Ag , fibrinogen , and lower concentrations of u PA : Ag and elongated ELT in blood plasma patients with AO and DM in compare with healthy volunteers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The following fibrinolysis system parameters were determined in the sera of all patients : tissue plasminogen activator concentration ( t PA : Ag ) , urokinase plasminogen activator concentration ( u PA : Ag ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor concentration ( PAI Ag ) , plasminogen level , alpha 2 antiplasmin activity ( alpha 2 AP ) , plasmin alpha 2 antiplasmin complexes concentration ( PAP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The plasminogen activators , urokinase PA ( u PA ) and tissue type PA ( t PA ) , are believed to play important roles in inflammatory cell infiltration , fibrin deposition , and joint destruction associated with rheumatoid arthritis ; however , their precise roles in such processes , particularly u PA , have yet to be defined . ^^^ Based on clinical and histological assessments , u PA / mice developed significantly milder disease and t PA / mice more severe disease compared with the relevant wild type mice . ^^^ Likewise , cytokine levels in the synovium reflected the severity of disease , with interleukin 1beta levels in particular being lower in u PA / mice and increased in t PA / mice . ^^^ These results indicate that the major effect of u PA in the collagen induced arthritis model is deleterious , whereas that of t PA is protective . ^^^ Our data highlight the complexities of PA function , and suggest that approaches either to target u PA or to enhance local t PA activity in joints may be of therapeutic benefit in rheumatoid arthritis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) inhibits plasminogen activators ( u PA and t PA ) by forming stable complexes endocytosed via a low density lipoprotein receptor superfamily member dependent mechanism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The hypertrophy observed in this model is , however , not related to changes in fibrinolytic parameters , as suggested by our finding that levels of t PA , u PA and PAI 1 antigen as well as t PA and u PA activity were not different in SC or GON adipose tissue extracts of both genotypes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Induction of fibronectin mRNA by urokinase and tissue type plasminogen activator in human skin fibroblasts : differential role of u PA and t PA at the fibronectin protein level . ^^^ Plasminogen activators of the urokinase and tissue type and fetal calf serum ( u PA , t PA , FCS ) exert their mitogenic effect on quiescent human dermal fibroblasts and modulate the mRNA expression of cell cycle related genes . ^^^ The results obtained evidenced that : ( 1 ) all mitogens tested ( u PA , t PA and FCS ) led to an increase of FN mRNA expression in early G 1 , as shown by the analysis of two sequences , 3 9 , common to all FN mRNAs , and EDA+ , present only in the EDA+FN isoform ; ( 2 ) the kinetic profiles of FN mRNA stimulation were comparable for the three mitogens , although the effects on the FN ECM assembly were distinct ; ( 3 ) t PA and FCS led to FN assembly in the ECM , which was absent or decreased in u PA treated cultures . ^^^ Immunobiochemical analysis of total FN and EDA+ FN showed that FN induced by t PA was mainly dimeric ( 450 500 kDa ) , whereas FN induced by u PA was mainly monomeric ( 230 250 kDa ) . ^^^ These differences are probably due to the differential enzymatic action of t PA and u PA on FN , which might be related to a differential role of the two PAs in several physiopathological conditions . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Studies on the plasminogen activating system in gingival crevicular fluid ( GCF ) as well as gingival tissue are reviewed . t PA , u PA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 have all been detected in GCF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report here that human astrocytoma cell line U 373 MG is able to express genes of the following components of plasminogen activation system : PA 1 1 , PN 1 , u PA and t PA . ^^^ Treatment of these cells with IL 1beta results in accumulation of PA 1 1 , PN 1 and u PA mRNAs , whereas t PA mRNA remains unaffected . ^^^ IFNy preferentially enhances PN 1 and PA 1 1 , EGF enhances PA 1 1 , u PA and t PA expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Structural similarity of the covalent complexes formed between the serpin plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and the arginine specific proteinases trypsin , LMW u PA , HMW u PA , and t PA : use of site specific fluorescent probes of local environment . ^^^ Covalent complexes of these derivatized PAI 1 species were made with the proteinases trypsin , LMW u PA , HMW u PA , and t PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The plasminogen activator isolated from the venom of the snake Trimeresurus stejnegeri ( TSV PA ) triggers plasmin production , along with tissue type plasminogen activators ( t PA ) and urokinase ( u PA ) . ^^^ Swapping the 37 loop of TSV PA for either that of t PA or that of u PA also increased dramatically the rate of inactivation by PAI 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PURPOSE : The serine proteases tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and their inhibitor , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) 1 , regulate a variety of processes involved in tissue morphogenesis and differentiation . ^^^ The authors investigated whether expression of t PA , u PA , and PAI 1 in human retinal glial cells ( HRGCs ) is influenced by exposure to transforming growth factor ( TGF ) beta , a cytokine that regulates the proliferation and differentiation of cells . ^^^ METHODS : The extracellular release of t PA , u PA , and PAI 1 was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) in the supernatant of HRGC cultures , under basal conditions and after stimulation with TGF beta at various concentrations ( 2 , 5 , 10 , or 20 ng / mL ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Monocytes synthesize fibrinolytic proteins , tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , and their receptors . ^^^ Preincubation of monocytes with low alcohol ( 1 hr , 37 degrees C ) followed by incubation in the absence of alcohol ( 6 hr ) resulted in an approximately 5 to 6 fold ( 0 . 06 + / 0 . 02 vs . 0 . 42 + / 0 . 02 ) and an approximately 2 to 3 fold ( 0 . 89 + / 0 . 04 vs . 2 . 07 + / 0 . 29 ) increase in t PA and u PA mRNA ( reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ; PA / glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase ratio ) , respectively . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : These data suggest that low alcohol exerts a rapid , direct , and sustained effect on monocyte fibrinolytic activity , which may be , due in part , to increased monocyte t PA / u PA expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The concentrations of t PA , u PA , PAI 1 and PAI 2 were measured by ELISA . ^^^ Mean concentrations of t PA , u PA , PAI 1 were lower in Group 2 ( 5 . 69 ng / ml vs 15 . 7 ; 0 . 46 ng / ml vs 0 . 7 ; 16 . 82 ng / ml vs 26 . 16 ng / ml ) or nearly equal for PAI 2 ( 343 . 53 ng / ml vs 341 . 02 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PA type was identified by fibrinography and antihuman t PA and urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) blocking antibodies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Formation of covalent acyl enzyme complexes , but not noncovalent Michaelis complexes , with tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) or urokinase ( u PA ) resulted in rapid decreases of fluorescence coinciding with insertion of the reactive center loop and expansion of beta sheet A . ^^^ The reduced inhibitory activity of PAI 1 against t PA but not u PA suggested that the mechanism of loop insertion is sensitive to the intramolecular interactions of one or more tryptophan residues . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , u PA and t PA were detectable only in the wall , suggesting that plasminogen present in the thrombus could be activated by factors secreted by the arterial wall . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We could demonstrate that HACM , isolated from pieces of myocardial tissue by mechanical dispersion and characterized by positive immunostaining for the cardiac markers troponin 1 , tropomyosin , cardiotin and myocardial muscle actin , in vitro express PAI 1 and tissue type PA ( t PA ) whereas u PA was not detectable in these cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : Study the expression pattern of tissue type ( t PA ) and urokinase type ( u PA ) plasminogen activators during uterine serosal healing after lesioning in a rat model . ^^^ MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE ( S ) : Expression profiles of t PA and u PA were examined in the uteroperitoneal adhesion tissues of rat from the time of injury until day 7 after surgery using relative abundance reverse transcriptase PCR and immunocytochemical techniques . ^^^ CONCLUSION ( S ) : Altered levels of t PA and u PA transcripts and its expression in newly formed blood vessels during healing and adhesion development indicate involvement of these plasminogen activators in serosal healing and adhesion development . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Measurement of activities of urinary ( u PA ) and tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and analysis of euglobulin lysis times ( ELTs ) and prekallikrein were performed simultaneously using the plasma of normal pregnant women and nonpregnant women . ^^^ On the contrary , no significance was shown in activities of high molecular weight ( HMW ) u PA or t PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MATERIALS AND METHODS : Plasminogen activators ( t PA and u PA ) and their inhibitors ( PAI 1 and PAI 2 ) secretions were assayed in cultures of epithelial , stromal , and trophoblast cells . ^^^ Trophoblasts produced PAI 1 , PAI 2 , and small quantities of t PA and u PA , none of which were notably influenced by E 2 or P 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) is the primary inhibitor of both tissue and urokinase type plasminogen activators ( t PA , u PA ) and is thus a primary regulator of plasminogen activation and possibly of extracellular proteolysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Experiments were performed in a model of TNF induced hepatitis , consisting of administration of TNF in combination with D ( + ) galactosamine ( GalN ) to mice deficient in urokinase type plasminogen ( PG ) activator ( u PA ) , tissue type PG activator ( t PA ) or PG . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Several plasminogen activators ( PA ) are clinically available , including urokinase ( u PA ) , tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , streptokinase ( SK ) , plasminogen streptokinase activator complex ( PSAC ) , or mutants of t PA such as reteplase ( RP ) or tenecteplase ( TP ) . ^^^ Normal citrated plasma was supplemented with 31 to 1 , 000 IU / mL u PA , 0 . 31 to 20 microg / mL t PA , 125 to 4 , 000 IU / mL SK , 12 . 5 to 400 U / mL PSAC , 125 to 4 , 000 U / mL RP , or 0 . 31 to 10 microg / mL TP . ^^^ The PA concentration required to induce 25 % [ ED 25 ] of the maximally inducible Pli activity in plasma ( = 1 U / mL = 45 mg / L = 0 . 53 micromol / L active Pli ; deltaA = 363 + / 8 mA / h RT ) after 10 minutes ( 37 degrees C ) were 320 IU / mL u PA , 8 microg / mL t PA , 140 U / mL PSAC , 6 , 000 IU / mL SK , 720 U / mL RP , and approximately 150 microg / mL TP . ^^^ The approximate activity half lives of the PA in plasma were 30 minutes for u PA , 30 minutes for t PA , greater than 80 minutes for SK , greater than 80 minutes for PSAC , 50 minutes for RP , and 80 minutes for TP . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this paper , we have studied the contribution of the plasminogen activation system in the development of atherosclerosis by cross breeding apoE 3 Leiden mice , which have a human like lipid profile , with mice deficient in PAI 1 ( plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ) , u PA ( urokinase plasminogen activator ) , and t PA ( tissue plasminogen activator ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They were also inhibited by anti u PA or anti u PA receptor IgG , but not by anti t PA IgG , suggesting the involvement of cell bound u PA activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) , the primary inhibitor of both tissue type and urokinase type plasminogen activators ( t PA , u PA ) , is the primary regulator of plasminogen activation and possibly of extracellular proteolysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both plasminogen activators ( PAs ) , tissue type ( t PA ) and urokinase ( u PA ) , were immunologically identified in all uterine biopsies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Components of the plasmin system including tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , and plasminogen activator inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 are synthesised by airway cells , and inflammatory mediators affect their expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Quantitative gene expression analysis ( real time RT PCR ) was performed for tissue factor ( TF ) , TF pathway inhibitor ( TFPI ) , tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase type PA ( u PA ) , PA inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , and PAI 2 in peripheral white blood cells ( PBC ) as well as in alveolar macrophages ( AM ) , type 2 pneumocytes ( ATII ) , endothelial cells ( EC ) and smooth muscle cells ( SMC ) , all obtained by laser microdissection . ^^^ Intraalveolar endotoxin , in particular , caused strong upregulation of TF ( approximately 20 fold increase in gene expression ) and PAI 2 ( 225 fold increase ) in microdissected AM , upregulation of PAI 1 in microdissected ATII ( 300 fold increase ) and EC ( 180 fold increase ) , upregulation of t PA in EC ( 40 fold ) , and downregulation of u PA in vascular smooth muscle cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In wtPAI 1 only substitution at P 18 resulted in a pronounced u PA specificity and substrate behaviour towards t PA . ^^^ In contrast , in PAI 1 stab substitution at either P 18 , P 19 or P 20 resulted in a u PA specificity and a significantly increased substrate behaviour towards t PA and u PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Consequently , PAI 1 plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases ( mainly through inhibition of t PA ) and in cell migration and tumor development ( mainly through inhibition of u PA ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To evaluate the role of the 2 major matrix degrading systems , plasminogen activators ( PAs ) and matrix metalloproteinases ( MMPs ) , we compared the expression of u PA , t PA , MMP 2 and MMP 9 in ligated carotids of C 57 and FVB mice . ^^^ Among PAs and MMPs , increased expression of t PA and u PA correlated with increased IMT ( p < 0 . 0005 and p < 0 . 001 , respectively ) . ^^^ In summary , flow induced IMT of the carotid is genetically determined and correlates with t PA and u PA expression in 2 inbred mouse strains . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In conclusion , while ischemia leads to a significant increase in u PA , mainly in the basal ganglia , t PA is not altered . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , the consequences of transverse aortic banding ( TAB ) were analyzed in mice lacking tissue type PA ( t PA ( / ) ) , urokinase type PA ( u PA ( / ) ) , or gelatinase B ( MMP 9 ( / ) ) , and in wild type ( WT ) mice after adenoviral gene transfer of the PA inhibitor PAI 1 or the MMP inhibitor TIMP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : The plasma levels of tissue factor ( TF ) , thrombin antithrombin complex ( TAT ) , tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator receptor ( u PAR ) and plasmin antiplasmin complex ( PAP ) were measured by ELISA . ^^^ Gene transcription of TF , t PA , u PA mRNA were detected by real time RT PCR . ^^^ TF , u PA mRNA were higher ( P < 0 . 01 ) and t PA was lower ( P > 0 . 05 ) in gastric or intestinal cancer compared to normal tissue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Brain tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) and urokinase ( u PA ) were quantified by using casein dependent plasminogen zymography , matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) 2 and MMP 9 , by MMP zymography , and tissue inhibitor of MMP ( TIMP ) 1 and 2 , by reverse zymography . ^^^ The amounts of u PA , t PA , and MMPs were significantly reduced in animals treated with ACE inhibitor . ^^^ Plasminogen zymography showed a 39 % reduction of u PA in the basal ganglia ( p < 0 . 0001 ) ; t PA expression was reduced by 26 % in the cortex and by 33 % in the basal ganglia ( p < 0 . 0001 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
GCF levels of tissue type PA ( t PA ) , urokinase type PA ( u PA ) , PA inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and PA inhibitor 2 ( PAI 2 ) and serum concentrations of cotinine , u PA and PAI 1 were analysed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay . ^^^ The ratio of u PA : PAI 1 and t PA : PAI 1 were significantly higher in GCF of smokers with periodontitis compared with `` healthy ' ' smokers , whereas the ratio of t PA : PAI 2 was significantly lower in smokers with periodontal disease ( p < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For optimization of plasma stabilization by arginine , 50 microL pooled normal citrated plasma was incubated with 50 microL of 0 to 1500 mM arginine , pH 8 . 7 , and 25 microL 100 IU / mL u PA , 1250 IU / mL t PA , 10000 U / mL reteplase , 400 U / mL plasminogen streptokinase activator complex , 10 microg / mL tenecteplase in 6 % BSA PBS or 25 microL 25 microg / mL plasmin in 20 % glycerol . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tumor associated prognostic factors of the plasminogen activator family : determination and clinical value of u PA , t PA , PAI 1 , and PAI 2 ] . ^^^ Proteolytic factors belonging t the plasminogen activator family ( plasmin , u PA , t PA , u PAR , PAI 1 , and PAI 2 ) , which usually are involved in blood clotting and degradation of blood clots , are also present in healthy and diseased tissue of the kidney , lung , liver , gastro intestinal tract , breast , prostate , ovary , and brain . ^^^ Plasminogen activators u PA and t PA , their inhibitors PAI 1 and PAI 2 , and the u PA receptor ( u PAR , CD 87 ) are often elevated in solid malignant tumour tissues compared to their normal counterparts . ^^^ In breast cancer patients , an elevated tumour tissue extract antigen content of u PA , PAI 1 , and u PAR is associated with increased tumour aggressiveness and poor prognosis ; in contrary , an elevated content of t PA and PAI 2 indicates a favourable prognosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVES : To evaluate urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) , urokinase plasminogen activator soluble receptor ( su PAR ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) and tissue plasminogen activator ( t PA ) plasma levels in SSc patients ( pts ) versus healthy controls and their modulation by intravenous alphacyclodestrine ( Alprostadil ) . ^^^ METHODS : Plasma levels of u PA , su PAR , PAI 1 and t PA were measured in 40 SSc ( 34 lSSc and 6 dSSc ) pts and in 30 healthy controls . ^^^ Infusions of Alprostadil modulate u PA , su PAR , PAI 1 and t PA , restoring near normal levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Neonates born to mothers of either normal pregnancy or preeclampsia at term showed similar hemostatic changes with reduced fibrinogen , ATIII , t PA , u PA antigen , PAI 1 levels , and coagulation activation compared to their respective maternal plasma levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When comparing the clot lysability of microclots of 29 different donors , the only correlation ( r > 0 . 6 ) was that between u PA and t PA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the absence of TGF beta 1 , the expression of thrombomodulin , the plasminogen activators u PA and t PA , and their inhibitor PAI 1 was significantly increased in the S / G2 compared to the G 1 phase . ^^^ Treatment of endothelial cells with TGF beta 1 , however , resulted in elevated expression of PAI 1 specifically in the S / G2 phase , while t PA and u PA increased to the same extent in both the G 1 and S / G2 phase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There are two plasminogen activators ( PAs ) , urokinase type PA ( u PA ) and tissue type PA ( t PA ) . ^^^ While u PA is considered to be involved in cellular migration and tissue remodeling and t PA in fibrinolysis , this distinction is not always clear cut . ^^^ With the use of u PA and t PA gene deficient mice ( u PA / and t PA / mice , respectively ) we have assessed the role of each PA in acute peritonitis . ^^^ The cellular infiltrate in both thioglycolate and antigen induced peritoneal exudates was unaffected in u PA / mice ; in contrast , in t PA / mice , the macrophage numbers , particularly of the Mac 1 ( hi ) population , in the peritoneal cavity by day 4 were significantly reduced compared to wild type mice . ^^^ These results suggest that t PA and not u PA is the PA controlling fibrinolysis in murine peritonitis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P00749 and P00750	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The central components of the PA system are the proteolytic activators , urokinase plasminogen activator ( u PA ) and tissue type plasminogen activator ( t PA ) , plasminogen ( plg ) and its degradation product , plasmin , together with the major inhibitors of this system , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and 2 ( PAI 1 , PAI 2 ) . ^^^