| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We explored the role of hypocretins in human narcolepsy through histopathology of six narcolepsy brains and mutation screening of Hcrt , Hcrtr 1 and Hcrtr 2 in 74 patients of various human leukocyte antigen and family history status . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , 11 sporadic cases of canine narcolepsy and two additional multiplex families were investigated for possible Hcrt and Hcrtr 2 mutations . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We hypothesize that age related sleep problems can result from dysfunction of this system and thus measured messenger RNA ( mRNA ) levels of preprohcrt in the hypothalamus , and hcrt receptor 1 ( hcrtr 1 ) and hcrt receptor 2 ( hcrtr 2 ) in eight brain regions of 3 , 12 , 18 and 24 months old C57BL / 6 mice . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We find that by 4 days after birth , Hcrtr 2 mutants have significantly higher levels of Hcrt than normal age and breed matched dogs . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : We performed association studies on the insertion / deletion ( I / D ) sequence polymorphism of ACE and single nucleotide polymorphisms within the prepro orexin ( HCRT ) , orexin receptor 1 ( HCRTR 1 ) , and orexin receptor 2 ( HCRTR 2 ) genes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have determined that canine narcolepsy is caused by disruption of the hypocretin ( orexin ) receptor 2 gene ( Hcrtr 2 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recent studies have linked the development of autosomal recessive canine narcolepsy to a disruption of the hypocretin receptor 2 ( Hcrtr 2 ) gene on the same chromosome as the canine MHC region ( CFA 12 ) , but not close to the DLA . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Hypocretin stimulates [ ( 35 ) S ] GTP gamma S binding in Hcrtr 2 transfected cell lines and in brain homogenate . ^^^ In vitro functional analyses of hypocretin / orexin receptor systems were performed using [ ( 125 ) 1 ] hypocretin radioreceptor and hypocretin stimulated [ ( 35 ) S ] GTP gamma S binding assay in cell lines expressing human or canine ( wild type and narcoleptic mutation ) hypocretin receptor 2 ( Hcrtr 2 ) . ^^^ Hypocretin 2 stimulated [ ( 35 ) S ] GTP gamma S binding in human and canine Hcrtr 2 expressing cell lines , while cell lines expressing the mutated canine Hcrtr 2 did not exhibit specific binding for [ ( 125 ) 1 ] hypocretin or hypocretin stimulated [ ( 35 ) S ] GTP gamma S . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Positional cloning of the gene responsible for a canine model of narcolepsy revealed that this disease is caused by mutations in hypocretin receptor type 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , hypocretin 1 had no effect on cataplexy or wakefulness in hypocretin receptor 2 gene ( Hcrtr 2 ) mutated narcoleptic Dobermans . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Hypocretin 1 administration , by central and systemic routes , does not improve narcoleptic symptoms in Hcrtr 2 mutated Dobermans . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using hypocretin receptor 2 gene ( hcrtr 2 ) mutated narcoleptic Dobermans , we have previously demonstrated that altered dopamine ( DA ) D ( 2 / 3 ) receptor mechanisms in mesencephalic DA nuclei are important for the induction of cataplexy . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Three mutations in the G protein coupled hypocretin ( orexin ) receptor 2 ( Hcrtr 2 ) gene were identified . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The G1246A polymorphism in the gene of the hypocretin receptor 2 ( HCRTR 2 ) has been linked to the risk for cluster headache ( CH ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The expression pattern of mRNA encoding two orexin receptors ( OX1R and OX2R ) in the rat brain was examined . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Of interest , Xenopus orexin B had several fold higher affinity to human OX2R compared with human orexins . ^^^ These results suggest that Xenopus orexin B might be a useful pharmacological tool as an OX2R selective high affinity agonist . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , expression of the orexin receptor 2 ( OX2R ) in the rat adrenal gland has been reported . ^^^ Next , we examined whether orexin receptors ( OX1R , OX2R ) were present in the rat adrenal gland and PC 12 cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Orexins act via two subtypes of receptors : OX1R which is selective for orexin A , and OX2R which binds both orexins . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Human pheochromocytomas express orexin receptor type 2 gene and display an in vitro secretory response to orexins A and B . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have examined the effects of 3 weeks of food restriction on both the activity of neurons containing hypothalamic orexin ( OX ) A and the level of OX receptor type 2 ( OX2R ) mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus ( PVN ) of rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| They act on G protein receptors named orexin receptor 1 ( OX1R ) and orexin receptor 2 ( OX2R ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of orexin and orexin receptors ( OX1R and OX2R ) in the rat duodenum and examine the effects of intravenous orexin on fasting gut motility . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We examined the expressions of the prepro orexin gene in the lateral hypothalamic area ( LHA ) , the genes of the neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) and proopiomelanocortin ( POMC ) in the arcuate nucleus ( ARC ) , the orexin type 1 receptor ( OX1R ) gene in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus ( VMH ) and the orexin type 2 receptor ( OX2R ) gene in the paraventricular nucleus ( PVN ) in 6 , 12 and 18 week old male lean ( Fa / ? ) and obese ( fa / fa ) Zucker rats , using in situ hybridization histochemistry . ^^^ The prepro orexin mRNA level in fa / fa rats at 18 week old and the OX2R mRNA level in fa / fa rats at 12 and 18 week old were significantly decreased compared to controls . ^^^ Prepro orexin and OX2R mRNA levels in fa / fa rats pretreated with insulin normalized to the levels found in Fa / . rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : RT PCR and sequencing results showed that Orexin receptor subtype 2 ( OX2R ) was the main form expressed in AR42J cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two cloned orexin receptors OX1R and OX2R are serpentine G protein coupled receptors , both of which bind orexins and are coupled to Ca2+ mobilization . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cultured neurons from the locus coeruleus ( LC ) and the nucleus tuberomammillaris ( TM ) were used , as well as HEK293A cells transfected with GIRK 1 and 2 , either human orexin receptor type 1 ( OX1R ) or type 2 ( OX2R ) , mu opioid receptor and GFP cDNAs . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Single cell reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction revealed expression of mRNA for both OX1R and OX2R in the majority of orexin sensitive SPNs . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Orexin receptors ( OXRs ) , OX1R and OX2R , and immunoreactive axons are present in the nucleus tractus solitarius ( NTS ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Signal transduction pathways of orexin receptors were examined using a nerve like cell line transfected with orexin receptor type 1 ( OX1R ) and orexin receptor type 2 ( OX2R ) . ^^^ Forskolin stimulated cyclic adenosine 3 , 5 monophosphate ( cAMP ) accumulation in OX2R expressing cells was inhibited by orexin in a dose dependent manner , and the effect was abolished by pretreatment with pertussis toxin ( PTX ) . ^^^ Orexin stimulated increases in [ Ca ( 2+ ) ] ( 1 ) in OX1R or OX2R expressing cells were not affected by the PTX pretreatment . ^^^ Orexin receptor type 1 couples exclusively to pertussis toxin insensitive G proteins , while orexin receptor type 2 couples to both pertussis toxin sensitive and insensitive G proteins . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The widespread distribution of mRNA encoding orexin 1 ( OX1R ) and 2 receptors ( OX2R ) in the central nervous system suggests that orexin may be involved in multiple functional pathways . ^^^ To investigate a possible role for orexin in reproductive function , we examined variations in prepro OX , OX1R , and OX2R mRNA levels in the female rat hypothalamus during the estrous cycle , pregnancy , parturition , and lactation using competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In humans and rat , orexins orchestrate divergent actions through their G protein coupled receptors , orexin 1 ( OX1R ) and orexin 2 ( OX2R ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The protein levels of orexin receptors , a specific receptor for orexin A ( OX1R ) and a receptor for both orexin A and B ( OX2R ) , in the hypothalamus were determined by Western blot analysis and compared between young and old rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The orexin 2 / hypocretin 2 ( OX2R ) receptor gene is mutated in canine narcolepsy and disruption of the prepro orexin / hypocretin ligand gene results in both an animal model of narcolepsy and sporadic cases of the human disease . ^^^ This evidence suggests that the structure of the OX2R gene , and its homologue , the OX1R gene , both members of the G protein coupled receptor ( GPCR ) family , and the gene encoding the peptide ligands , the prepro orexin / hypocretin gene , may be variables in the etiology of sleep disorders . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both OX2R ( / ) and orexin ( / ) mice are similarly affected with behaviorally abnormal attacks of non REM sleep ( `` sleep attacks ' ' ) and show similar degrees of disrupted wakefulness . ^^^ In contrast , OX2R ( / ) mice are only mildly affected with cataplexy like attacks of REM sleep , whereas orexin ( / ) mice are severely affected . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the effects of acute glucose level changes on expression of prepro orexin , orexin 1 receptor ( OX1R ) and orexin 2 receptor ( OX2R ) mRNA in rat hypothalamus tissue and pancreatic islets cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present study examined the effects of sleep deprivation ( SD ) and sleep recovery on the expression of orexin 1 receptors ( OX1R ) and orexin 2 receptors ( OX2R ) throughout the brain . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Selective stimulation of orexin receptor type 2 promotes wakefulness in freely behaving rats . ^^^ We have determined the arousal effects of newly developed selective orexin receptor type 2 agonist , [ Ala 11 ] orexin B , on the sleep wake cycle in rats . ^^^ The effects of third ventricle intracerebroventricular ( ICV ) infusion of the novel orexin receptor type 2 selective agonist , [ Ala 11 ] orexin B , on the sleep wake cycle were investigated . ^^^ Moreover , orexin A , which exerts its effects through orexin receptor type 1 and orexin receptor type 2 with similar potency , resulted in a significant increase in wakefulness duration by 17 . 1 % ( n = 6 , P < 0 . 05 ) , 184 . 0 % ( n = 6 , P < 0 . 01 ) and 228 . 6 % ( n = 6 , P < 0 . 01 ) at doses of 0 . 1 , 1 and 10 nmol , respectively . ^^^ These findings suggest that orexin receptor type 2 plays an important role in the modulation of sleep wake state and behavioral responses . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We hypothesized that DR rats have greater : 1 ) basal SPA , 2 ) orexin A induced SPA , and 3 ) preproorexin , orexin 1 and 2 receptor ( OX1R and OX2R ) mRNA , compared with DIO rats . ^^^ Thus DR rats show elevated basal and orexin A induced SPA associated with increased OX1R and OX2R gene expression , suggesting that differences in orexin A signaling through OX1R and OX2R may mediate DIO and DR phenotypes . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Differential expression of mouse orexin receptor type 2 ( OX2R ) variants in the mouse brain . ^^^ We have identified two novel mouse orexin type 2 receptor ( OX2R ) splice variants : OX2alphaR and OX2betaR . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Orexin A ( ORX A ) and orexin B ( ORX B ) , also called hypocretin 1 and hypocretin 2 , respectively , act upon orexin 1 ( OX1R ) and orexin 2 ( OX2R ) receptors , and are involved in the regulation of sleep wakefulness and energy homeostasis . ^^^ These results suggest that orexins depolarize and excite post synaptically PVT neurons via OX2R receptors , and that orexin activated PVT neurons play a role in the integration of sleep wakefulness and energy homeostasis , and in the control of motivated behaviors . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Food deprivation induced orexin type 1 ( OX1R ) and 2 ( OX2R ) receptors at mRNA and protein levels in the hypothalamus , in addition to a fivefold increase in prepro orexin mRNA . ^^^ Interestingly , adrenal OX1R and OX2R levels were significantly reduced in food deprived animals , whereas there was no expression of prepro orexin in the adrenal gland in either state . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43612 and O43614 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Positional cloning of the gene responsible for a canine model of narcolepsy revealed that this disease is caused by mutations in hypocretin receptor type 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The expression pattern of mRNA encoding two orexin receptors ( OX1R and OX2R ) in the rat brain was examined . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Of interest , Xenopus orexin B had several fold higher affinity to human OX2R compared with human orexins . ^^^ These results suggest that Xenopus orexin B might be a useful pharmacological tool as an OX2R selective high affinity agonist . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , expression of the orexin receptor 2 ( OX2R ) in the rat adrenal gland has been reported . ^^^ Next , we examined whether orexin receptors ( OX1R , OX2R ) were present in the rat adrenal gland and PC 12 cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Orexins act via two subtypes of receptors : OX1R which is selective for orexin A , and OX2R which binds both orexins . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have examined the effects of 3 weeks of food restriction on both the activity of neurons containing hypothalamic orexin ( OX ) A and the level of OX receptor type 2 ( OX2R ) mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus ( PVN ) of rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| They act on G protein receptors named orexin receptor 1 ( OX1R ) and orexin receptor 2 ( OX2R ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of orexin and orexin receptors ( OX1R and OX2R ) in the rat duodenum and examine the effects of intravenous orexin on fasting gut motility . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We examined the expressions of the prepro orexin gene in the lateral hypothalamic area ( LHA ) , the genes of the neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) and proopiomelanocortin ( POMC ) in the arcuate nucleus ( ARC ) , the orexin type 1 receptor ( OX1R ) gene in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus ( VMH ) and the orexin type 2 receptor ( OX2R ) gene in the paraventricular nucleus ( PVN ) in 6 , 12 and 18 week old male lean ( Fa / ? ) and obese ( fa / fa ) Zucker rats , using in situ hybridization histochemistry . ^^^ The prepro orexin mRNA level in fa / fa rats at 18 week old and the OX2R mRNA level in fa / fa rats at 12 and 18 week old were significantly decreased compared to controls . ^^^ Prepro orexin and OX2R mRNA levels in fa / fa rats pretreated with insulin normalized to the levels found in Fa / . rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : RT PCR and sequencing results showed that Orexin receptor subtype 2 ( OX2R ) was the main form expressed in AR42J cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two cloned orexin receptors OX1R and OX2R are serpentine G protein coupled receptors , both of which bind orexins and are coupled to Ca2+ mobilization . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cultured neurons from the locus coeruleus ( LC ) and the nucleus tuberomammillaris ( TM ) were used , as well as HEK293A cells transfected with GIRK 1 and 2 , either human orexin receptor type 1 ( OX1R ) or type 2 ( OX2R ) , mu opioid receptor and GFP cDNAs . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Single cell reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction revealed expression of mRNA for both OX1R and OX2R in the majority of orexin sensitive SPNs . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both OX2R ( / ) and orexin ( / ) mice are similarly affected with behaviorally abnormal attacks of non REM sleep ( `` sleep attacks ' ' ) and show similar degrees of disrupted wakefulness . ^^^ In contrast , OX2R ( / ) mice are only mildly affected with cataplexy like attacks of REM sleep , whereas orexin ( / ) mice are severely affected . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Signal transduction pathways of orexin receptors were examined using a nerve like cell line transfected with orexin receptor type 1 ( OX1R ) and orexin receptor type 2 ( OX2R ) . ^^^ Forskolin stimulated cyclic adenosine 3 , 5 monophosphate ( cAMP ) accumulation in OX2R expressing cells was inhibited by orexin in a dose dependent manner , and the effect was abolished by pretreatment with pertussis toxin ( PTX ) . ^^^ Orexin stimulated increases in [ Ca ( 2+ ) ] ( 1 ) in OX1R or OX2R expressing cells were not affected by the PTX pretreatment . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The widespread distribution of mRNA encoding orexin 1 ( OX1R ) and 2 receptors ( OX2R ) in the central nervous system suggests that orexin may be involved in multiple functional pathways . ^^^ To investigate a possible role for orexin in reproductive function , we examined variations in prepro OX , OX1R , and OX2R mRNA levels in the female rat hypothalamus during the estrous cycle , pregnancy , parturition , and lactation using competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In humans and rat , orexins orchestrate divergent actions through their G protein coupled receptors , orexin 1 ( OX1R ) and orexin 2 ( OX2R ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The protein levels of orexin receptors , a specific receptor for orexin A ( OX1R ) and a receptor for both orexin A and B ( OX2R ) , in the hypothalamus were determined by Western blot analysis and compared between young and old rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The orexin 2 / hypocretin 2 ( OX2R ) receptor gene is mutated in canine narcolepsy and disruption of the prepro orexin / hypocretin ligand gene results in both an animal model of narcolepsy and sporadic cases of the human disease . ^^^ This evidence suggests that the structure of the OX2R gene , and its homologue , the OX1R gene , both members of the G protein coupled receptor ( GPCR ) family , and the gene encoding the peptide ligands , the prepro orexin / hypocretin gene , may be variables in the etiology of sleep disorders . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Orexin A ( ORX A ) and orexin B ( ORX B ) , also called hypocretin 1 and hypocretin 2 , respectively , act upon orexin 1 ( OX1R ) and orexin 2 ( OX2R ) receptors , and are involved in the regulation of sleep wakefulness and energy homeostasis . ^^^ These results suggest that orexins depolarize and excite post synaptically PVT neurons via OX2R receptors , and that orexin activated PVT neurons play a role in the integration of sleep wakefulness and energy homeostasis , and in the control of motivated behaviors . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Orexin receptors ( OXRs ) , OX1R and OX2R , and immunoreactive axons are present in the nucleus tractus solitarius ( NTS ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present study examined the effects of sleep deprivation ( SD ) and sleep recovery on the expression of orexin 1 receptors ( OX1R ) and orexin 2 receptors ( OX2R ) throughout the brain . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We hypothesized that DR rats have greater : 1 ) basal SPA , 2 ) orexin A induced SPA , and 3 ) preproorexin , orexin 1 and 2 receptor ( OX1R and OX2R ) mRNA , compared with DIO rats . ^^^ Thus DR rats show elevated basal and orexin A induced SPA associated with increased OX1R and OX2R gene expression , suggesting that differences in orexin A signaling through OX1R and OX2R may mediate DIO and DR phenotypes . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Differential expression of mouse orexin receptor type 2 ( OX2R ) variants in the mouse brain . ^^^ We have identified two novel mouse orexin type 2 receptor ( OX2R ) splice variants : OX2alphaR and OX2betaR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Human pheochromocytomas express orexin receptor type 2 gene and display an in vitro secretory response to orexins A and B . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Selective stimulation of orexin receptor type 2 promotes wakefulness in freely behaving rats . ^^^ We have determined the arousal effects of newly developed selective orexin receptor type 2 agonist , [ Ala 11 ] orexin B , on the sleep wake cycle in rats . ^^^ The effects of third ventricle intracerebroventricular ( ICV ) infusion of the novel orexin receptor type 2 selective agonist , [ Ala 11 ] orexin B , on the sleep wake cycle were investigated . ^^^ Moreover , orexin A , which exerts its effects through orexin receptor type 1 and orexin receptor type 2 with similar potency , resulted in a significant increase in wakefulness duration by 17 . 1 % ( n = 6 , P < 0 . 05 ) , 184 . 0 % ( n = 6 , P < 0 . 01 ) and 228 . 6 % ( n = 6 , P < 0 . 01 ) at doses of 0 . 1 , 1 and 10 nmol , respectively . ^^^ These findings suggest that orexin receptor type 2 plays an important role in the modulation of sleep wake state and behavioral responses . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have determined that canine narcolepsy is caused by disruption of the hypocretin ( orexin ) receptor 2 gene ( Hcrtr 2 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Food deprivation induced orexin type 1 ( OX1R ) and 2 ( OX2R ) receptors at mRNA and protein levels in the hypothalamus , in addition to a fivefold increase in prepro orexin mRNA . ^^^ Interestingly , adrenal OX1R and OX2R levels were significantly reduced in food deprived animals , whereas there was no expression of prepro orexin in the adrenal gland in either state . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the effects of acute glucose level changes on expression of prepro orexin , orexin 1 receptor ( OX1R ) and orexin 2 receptor ( OX2R ) mRNA in rat hypothalamus tissue and pancreatic islets cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Hypocretin stimulates [ ( 35 ) S ] GTP gamma S binding in Hcrtr 2 transfected cell lines and in brain homogenate . ^^^ In vitro functional analyses of hypocretin / orexin receptor systems were performed using [ ( 125 ) 1 ] hypocretin radioreceptor and hypocretin stimulated [ ( 35 ) S ] GTP gamma S binding assay in cell lines expressing human or canine ( wild type and narcoleptic mutation ) hypocretin receptor 2 ( Hcrtr 2 ) . ^^^ Hypocretin 2 stimulated [ ( 35 ) S ] GTP gamma S binding in human and canine Hcrtr 2 expressing cell lines , while cell lines expressing the mutated canine Hcrtr 2 did not exhibit specific binding for [ ( 125 ) 1 ] hypocretin or hypocretin stimulated [ ( 35 ) S ] GTP gamma S . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We hypothesize that age related sleep problems can result from dysfunction of this system and thus measured messenger RNA ( mRNA ) levels of preprohcrt in the hypothalamus , and hcrt receptor 1 ( hcrtr 1 ) and hcrt receptor 2 ( hcrtr 2 ) in eight brain regions of 3 , 12 , 18 and 24 months old C57BL / 6 mice . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , hypocretin 1 had no effect on cataplexy or wakefulness in hypocretin receptor 2 gene ( Hcrtr 2 ) mutated narcoleptic Dobermans . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Hypocretin 1 administration , by central and systemic routes , does not improve narcoleptic symptoms in Hcrtr 2 mutated Dobermans . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using hypocretin receptor 2 gene ( hcrtr 2 ) mutated narcoleptic Dobermans , we have previously demonstrated that altered dopamine ( DA ) D ( 2 / 3 ) receptor mechanisms in mesencephalic DA nuclei are important for the induction of cataplexy . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Three mutations in the G protein coupled hypocretin ( orexin ) receptor 2 ( Hcrtr 2 ) gene were identified . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We find that by 4 days after birth , Hcrtr 2 mutants have significantly higher levels of Hcrt than normal age and breed matched dogs . ^^^ The Hcrtr 2 mutation alters the normal developmental course of hypocretin levels . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We explored the role of hypocretins in human narcolepsy through histopathology of six narcolepsy brains and mutation screening of Hcrt , Hcrtr 1 and Hcrtr 2 in 74 patients of various human leukocyte antigen and family history status . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recent studies have linked the development of autosomal recessive canine narcolepsy to a disruption of the hypocretin receptor 2 ( Hcrtr 2 ) gene on the same chromosome as the canine MHC region ( CFA 12 ) , but not close to the DLA . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , 11 sporadic cases of canine narcolepsy and two additional multiplex families were investigated for possible Hcrt and Hcrtr 2 mutations . ^^^ Exon skipping mutations of the Hypocretin / Orexin receptor 2 ( Hcrtr 2 ) gene were identified as the cause of narcolepsy in Dobermans and Labradors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : We performed association studies on the insertion / deletion ( I / D ) sequence polymorphism of ACE and single nucleotide polymorphisms within the prepro orexin ( HCRT ) , orexin receptor 1 ( HCRTR 1 ) , and orexin receptor 2 ( HCRTR 2 ) genes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43614 and O43612 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The G1246A polymorphism in the gene of the hypocretin receptor 2 ( HCRTR 2 ) has been linked to the risk for cluster headache ( CH ) . ^^^ |
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