| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The new genes ( R51H2 and R51H3 ) were mapped to human chromosomes 14q23 24 and 17q1 . 2 , respectively . ^^^ Expression studies showed that R51H2 is expressed at lower levels than R51H3 , but that expression of both genes occurs at elevated levels in the testis compared with other tissues . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Five human Rad 51 paralogs have been identified ( XRCC 2 , XRCC 3 , Rad51B / Rad51L1 , Rad51C / Rad51L2 , and Rad51D / Rad51L3 ) , and each interacts with one or more of the others . ^^^ For example , Rad51B expression enhances the binding of Rad51C to XRCC 3 and to HsRad51D , and Rad51C expression allows the indirect interaction of Rad51B with Rad51D . ^^^ Experiments using 6xHis tagged proteins in the baculovirus system confirm several of our yeast results , including Rad51B interaction with Rad51D only when Rad51C is simultaneously expressed and Rad51C interaction with XRCC 2 only when Rad51D is present . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Five paralogs of RAD 51 , known as RAD51B , RAD51C , RAD51D , XRCC 2 , and XRCC 3 , have been identified and also shown to be required for recombination and genome stability . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunoprecipitation using protein specific antibodies showed that RAD51C is central to a single large protein complex and / or several smaller complexes with RAD51B , RAD51D , XRCC 2 , and XRCC 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cells defective in any of the RAD 51 paralogs ( RAD51B , RAD51C , RAD51D , XRCC 2 , and XRCC 3 ) are sensitive to DNA cross linking agents and to ionizing radiation . ^^^ Here , we show that the five paralogs exist in two distinct complexes in human cells : one contains RAD51B , RAD51C , RAD51D , and XRCC 2 ( defined as BCDX 2 ) , whereas the other consists of RAD51C with XRCC 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Homologous recombinational repair of DNA double strand breaks and crosslinks in human cells is likely to require Rad 51 and the five Rad 51 paralogs ( XRCC 2 , XRCC 3 , Rad51B / Rad51L1 , Rad51C / Rad51L2 and Rad51D / Rad51L3 ) , as has been shown in chicken and rodent cells . ^^^ In addition , we find that Rad51C , but not XRCC 3 , interacts directly or indirectly with Rad51B , Rad51D and XRCC 2 . ^^^ These results argue that there are at least two complexes of Rad 51 paralogs in human cells ( Rad51C XRCC 3 and Rad51B Rad51C Rad51D XRCC 2 ) , both containing Rad51C . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Genetic studies in rodent and chicken mutant cell lines have suggested that Rad 51 paralogs ( XRCC 2 , XRCC 3 , Rad51B / Rad51L1 , Rad51C / Rad51L2 and Rad51D / Rad51L3 ) play important roles in homologous recombinational repair of DNA double strand breaks and in maintaining chromosome stability . ^^^ In addition , Rad51B could be pulled down with Rad51C and Rad51D , but not with XRCC 3 . ^^^ These results suggest that Rad51C is involved in two distinct in vivo complexes : Rad51B Rad51C Rad51D XRCC 2 and Rad51C XRCC 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Similarly , human RAD 51 paralogues , including RAD51B , RAD51C , RAD51D , XRCC 2 , XRCC 3 and DMC 1 , are not predicted to bind the BRC repeat . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These proteins have been found to form two distinct complexes in vivo , Rad51B Rad51C Rad51D Xrcc 2 ( BCDX 2 ) and Rad51C Xrcc 3 ( CX 3 ) . ^^^ The models of the human Rad51B , Rad51C , Xrcc 3 and murine Rad51D ( mRad51D ) proteins reveal distinct N terminal and C terminal domains connected by a linker region . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Rad 51 like proteins have been identified from yeast ( Rad 55 , Rad 57 and Dmc 1 ) to vertebrates ( Rad51B , Rad51C , Rad51D , Xrcc 2 , Xrcc 3 and Dmc 1 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The formation of RAD 51 foci in response to DNA damage is dependent upon BRCA 2 and a series of proteins known as the RAD 51 paralogues ( RAD51B , RAD51C , RAD51D , XRCC 2 and XRCC 3 ) , indicating that the components present within foci assemble in a carefully orchestrated and ordered manner . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The five RAD 51 paralogs ( RAD51B , RAD51C , RAD51D , XRCC 2 , and XRCC 3 ) are required in mammalian cells for normal levels of genetic recombination and resistance to DNA damaging agents . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Preferential binding to branched DNA strands and strand annealing activity of the human Rad51B , Rad51C , Rad51D and Xrcc 2 protein complex . ^^^ The Rad51B , Rad51C , Rad51D and Xrcc 2 proteins are Rad 51 paralogs , and form a complex ( BCDX 2 complex ) in mammalian cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The disruption of the Rad 54 , Rad51B , Rad51C , Rad51D , Xrcc 2 and Xrcc 3 genes resulted in a dramatic reduction of spontaneous and MMC induced SCEs . ^^^ These observations indicate that DNA double strand breaks ( DSB ) at stalled replication forks and those arising as repair intermediates present strong signals to cell death but can be tolerated by the HR repair pathway , where Rad 54 , Rad51B and Rad51C have an initiative role and repair can be completed by their paralogs Rad51D , Xrcc 2 and Xrcc 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In vertebrates , five Rad 51 paralogs ( Rad51B , Rad51C , Rad51D , XRCC 2 , and XRCC 3 ) are expressed in mitotically growing cells and are thought to play mediating roles in homologous recombination , although their precise functions remain unclear . ^^^ Among the five paralogs , Rad51C was found to be a central component present in two complexes , Rad51C XRCC 3 and Rad51B Rad51C Rad51D XRCC 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Formation of DNA damaged induced nuclear Rad 51 foci requires Xrcc 3 and the other Rad 51 paralog proteins ( Rad51B , Rad51C , Rad51D , Xrcc 2 ) , thus supporting a model in which an early function of Xrcc 3 involves promoting assembly of active Rad 51 repair complexes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Comparison of the characteristics of brca2tr cells with those of other HR deficient DT 40 clones revealed marked similarities with rad 51 paralog mutants ( rad51b , rad51c , rad51d , xrcc 2 , or xrcc 3 cells ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Rad51B is one of the five paralogs of human Rad 51 and is found in a multiprotein complex with three other Rad 51 paralogs , Rad51C , Rad51D and Xrcc 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In mitotically dividing vertebrate cells , the primary proteins involved in homologous recombination repair are RAD 51 and the five RAD 51 paralogs , RAD51B , RAD51C , RAD51D , XRCC 2 , and XRCC 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These include five Rad 51 paralogs , Rad51B , Rad51C , Rad51D , XRCC 2 and XRCC 3 . ^^^ To investigate if this biochemical finding is matched by genetic interactions , we made double mutants in either the same complex ( rad51b / rad51d ) or in both complexes ( xrcc3 / rad51d ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In mammals , HR requires the activities of the RAD 51 family ( RAD 51 , RAD51B , RAD51C , RAD51D , XRCC 2 , XRCC 3 and DMC 1 ) , each of which contains conserved ATP binding sequences ( Walker Motifs A and B ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The RAD 51 paralogs ( RAD51B , RAD51C , RAD51D , XRCC 2 and XRCC 3 ) play important roles in this process . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In vertebrates , homologous recombinational repair ( HRR ) requires RAD 51 and five RAD 51 paralogs ( XRCC 2 , XRCC 3 , RAD51B , RAD51C and RAD51D ) that all contain conserved Walker A and B ATPase motifs . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The Rad 51 like proteins , Rad51B , Rad51C , Rad51D , XRCC 2 , and XRCC 3 , have been shown to form two distinct complexes and seem to assist Rad 51 in the early stages of homologous recombination . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , many archaeal species have two recA / RAD51 homologs ( RADA and RADB ) , and eukaryotes possess multiple members ( RAD 51 , RAD51B , RAD51C , RAD51D , DMC 1 , XRCC 2 , XRCC 3 , and recA ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Very recently , a number of RAD 51 like genes have been identified in mammals , either through cloning genes complementing cell lines sensitive to DNA damaging agents ( XRCC 2 , XRCC 3 ) , or through homology searches ( RAD51L1 , RAD51L2 , RAD51L3 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15315 and O75771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The RAD 51 family of genes , including RAD 51 and the five RAD 51 like genes ( XRCC 2 , XRCC 3 , RAD51L1 , RAD51L2 , RAD51L3 ) are known to have crucial non redundant roles in this pathway . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The new genes ( R51H2 and R51H3 ) were mapped to human chromosomes 14q23 24 and 17q1 . 2 , respectively . ^^^ Expression studies showed that R51H2 is expressed at lower levels than R51H3 , but that expression of both genes occurs at elevated levels in the testis compared with other tissues . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Five human Rad 51 paralogs have been identified ( XRCC 2 , XRCC 3 , Rad51B / Rad51L1 , Rad51C / Rad51L2 , and Rad51D / Rad51L3 ) , and each interacts with one or more of the others . ^^^ For example , Rad51B expression enhances the binding of Rad51C to XRCC 3 and to HsRad51D , and Rad51C expression allows the indirect interaction of Rad51B with Rad51D . ^^^ Experiments using 6xHis tagged proteins in the baculovirus system confirm several of our yeast results , including Rad51B interaction with Rad51D only when Rad51C is simultaneously expressed and Rad51C interaction with XRCC 2 only when Rad51D is present . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Five paralogs of RAD 51 , known as RAD51B , RAD51C , RAD51D , XRCC 2 , and XRCC 3 , have been identified and also shown to be required for recombination and genome stability . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunoprecipitation using protein specific antibodies showed that RAD51C is central to a single large protein complex and / or several smaller complexes with RAD51B , RAD51D , XRCC 2 , and XRCC 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cells defective in any of the RAD 51 paralogs ( RAD51B , RAD51C , RAD51D , XRCC 2 , and XRCC 3 ) are sensitive to DNA cross linking agents and to ionizing radiation . ^^^ Here , we show that the five paralogs exist in two distinct complexes in human cells : one contains RAD51B , RAD51C , RAD51D , and XRCC 2 ( defined as BCDX 2 ) , whereas the other consists of RAD51C with XRCC 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Similarly , human RAD 51 paralogues , including RAD51B , RAD51C , RAD51D , XRCC 2 , XRCC 3 and DMC 1 , are not predicted to bind the BRC repeat . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These proteins have been found to form two distinct complexes in vivo , Rad51B Rad51C Rad51D Xrcc 2 ( BCDX 2 ) and Rad51C Xrcc 3 ( CX 3 ) . ^^^ The models of the human Rad51B , Rad51C , Xrcc 3 and murine Rad51D ( mRad51D ) proteins reveal distinct N terminal and C terminal domains connected by a linker region . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Rad 51 like proteins have been identified from yeast ( Rad 55 , Rad 57 and Dmc 1 ) to vertebrates ( Rad51B , Rad51C , Rad51D , Xrcc 2 , Xrcc 3 and Dmc 1 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The formation of RAD 51 foci in response to DNA damage is dependent upon BRCA 2 and a series of proteins known as the RAD 51 paralogues ( RAD51B , RAD51C , RAD51D , XRCC 2 and XRCC 3 ) , indicating that the components present within foci assemble in a carefully orchestrated and ordered manner . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The five RAD 51 paralogs ( RAD51B , RAD51C , RAD51D , XRCC 2 , and XRCC 3 ) are required in mammalian cells for normal levels of genetic recombination and resistance to DNA damaging agents . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Homologous recombinational repair of DNA double strand breaks and crosslinks in human cells is likely to require Rad 51 and the five Rad 51 paralogs ( XRCC 2 , XRCC 3 , Rad51B / Rad51L1 , Rad51C / Rad51L2 and Rad51D / Rad51L3 ) , as has been shown in chicken and rodent cells . ^^^ In addition , we find that Rad51C , but not XRCC 3 , interacts directly or indirectly with Rad51B , Rad51D and XRCC 2 . ^^^ These results argue that there are at least two complexes of Rad 51 paralogs in human cells ( Rad51C XRCC 3 and Rad51B Rad51C Rad51D XRCC 2 ) , both containing Rad51C . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Genetic studies in rodent and chicken mutant cell lines have suggested that Rad 51 paralogs ( XRCC 2 , XRCC 3 , Rad51B / Rad51L1 , Rad51C / Rad51L2 and Rad51D / Rad51L3 ) play important roles in homologous recombinational repair of DNA double strand breaks and in maintaining chromosome stability . ^^^ In addition , Rad51B could be pulled down with Rad51C and Rad51D , but not with XRCC 3 . ^^^ These results suggest that Rad51C is involved in two distinct in vivo complexes : Rad51B Rad51C Rad51D XRCC 2 and Rad51C XRCC 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Formation of DNA damaged induced nuclear Rad 51 foci requires Xrcc 3 and the other Rad 51 paralog proteins ( Rad51B , Rad51C , Rad51D , Xrcc 2 ) , thus supporting a model in which an early function of Xrcc 3 involves promoting assembly of active Rad 51 repair complexes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Comparison of the characteristics of brca2tr cells with those of other HR deficient DT 40 clones revealed marked similarities with rad 51 paralog mutants ( rad51b , rad51c , rad51d , xrcc 2 , or xrcc 3 cells ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Rad51B is one of the five paralogs of human Rad 51 and is found in a multiprotein complex with three other Rad 51 paralogs , Rad51C , Rad51D and Xrcc 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In mitotically dividing vertebrate cells , the primary proteins involved in homologous recombination repair are RAD 51 and the five RAD 51 paralogs , RAD51B , RAD51C , RAD51D , XRCC 2 , and XRCC 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These include five Rad 51 paralogs , Rad51B , Rad51C , Rad51D , XRCC 2 and XRCC 3 . ^^^ To investigate if this biochemical finding is matched by genetic interactions , we made double mutants in either the same complex ( rad51b / rad51d ) or in both complexes ( xrcc3 / rad51d ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In mammals , HR requires the activities of the RAD 51 family ( RAD 51 , RAD51B , RAD51C , RAD51D , XRCC 2 , XRCC 3 and DMC 1 ) , each of which contains conserved ATP binding sequences ( Walker Motifs A and B ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Preferential binding to branched DNA strands and strand annealing activity of the human Rad51B , Rad51C , Rad51D and Xrcc 2 protein complex . ^^^ The Rad51B , Rad51C , Rad51D and Xrcc 2 proteins are Rad 51 paralogs , and form a complex ( BCDX 2 complex ) in mammalian cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The disruption of the Rad 54 , Rad51B , Rad51C , Rad51D , Xrcc 2 and Xrcc 3 genes resulted in a dramatic reduction of spontaneous and MMC induced SCEs . ^^^ These observations indicate that DNA double strand breaks ( DSB ) at stalled replication forks and those arising as repair intermediates present strong signals to cell death but can be tolerated by the HR repair pathway , where Rad 54 , Rad51B and Rad51C have an initiative role and repair can be completed by their paralogs Rad51D , Xrcc 2 and Xrcc 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In vertebrates , five Rad 51 paralogs ( Rad51B , Rad51C , Rad51D , XRCC 2 , and XRCC 3 ) are expressed in mitotically growing cells and are thought to play mediating roles in homologous recombination , although their precise functions remain unclear . ^^^ Among the five paralogs , Rad51C was found to be a central component present in two complexes , Rad51C XRCC 3 and Rad51B Rad51C Rad51D XRCC 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The RAD 51 paralogs ( RAD51B , RAD51C , RAD51D , XRCC 2 and XRCC 3 ) play important roles in this process . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In vertebrates , homologous recombinational repair ( HRR ) requires RAD 51 and five RAD 51 paralogs ( XRCC 2 , XRCC 3 , RAD51B , RAD51C and RAD51D ) that all contain conserved Walker A and B ATPase motifs . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Very recently , a number of RAD 51 like genes have been identified in mammals , either through cloning genes complementing cell lines sensitive to DNA damaging agents ( XRCC 2 , XRCC 3 ) , or through homology searches ( RAD51L1 , RAD51L2 , RAD51L3 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The RAD 51 family of genes , including RAD 51 and the five RAD 51 like genes ( XRCC 2 , XRCC 3 , RAD51L1 , RAD51L2 , RAD51L3 ) are known to have crucial non redundant roles in this pathway . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The Rad 51 like proteins , Rad51B , Rad51C , Rad51D , XRCC 2 , and XRCC 3 , have been shown to form two distinct complexes and seem to assist Rad 51 in the early stages of homologous recombination . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O75771 and O15315 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , many archaeal species have two recA / RAD51 homologs ( RADA and RADB ) , and eukaryotes possess multiple members ( RAD 51 , RAD51B , RAD51C , RAD51D , DMC 1 , XRCC 2 , XRCC 3 , and recA ) . ^^^ |
|