| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| An Ang 1 relative , termed angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , was identified by homology screening and shown to be a naturally occurring antagonist for Ang 1 and Tie 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 2 behaves as an antagonist of angiopoietin 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Endothelial Tie2 / Tek ligands angiopoietin 1 ( ANGPT 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( ANGPT 2 ) : regional localization of the human genes to 8q22 . 3 q 23 and 8p23 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 and its putative natural antagonist , angiopoietin 2 , were recently isolated , and the critical role of angiopoietin 1 in embryogenic angiogenesis was demonstrated by targeted gene disruption . ^^^ In this study we demonstrate that angiopoietin 1 , but not angiopoietin 2 , is chemotactic for endothelial cells . ^^^ In contrast , angiopoietin 1 as well as angiopoietin 2 exhibit no proliferative effect on endothelial cells . ^^^ Angiopoietin 2 dose dependently blocks directed migration toward angiopoietin 1 , consistent with the role of angiopoietin 2 as a naturally occurring inhibitor of angiopoietin 1 . ^^^ Fibroblasts stably transfected with Tie 2 receptor exhibit chemotactic responses for both angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) was found to disrupt blood vessel formation in the developing embryo by antagonizing the effects of Ang 1 and Tie 2 and was thus considered to represent a natural Ang1 / Tie2 inhibitor . ^^^ Tie 2 receptor ligands , angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 , modulate VEGF induced postnatal neovascularization . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 2 also induced a low level of TEK phosphorylation and weakened the phosphorylation induced by Angiopoietin 1 , suggestive of an elaborate regulator of the TEK TEK ligand signaling pathway . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) is a ligand for the endothelial cell tyrosine kinase receptor Tie 2 and counteracts blood vessel maturation / stability mediated by angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , the other known ligand of Tie 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) have recently been identified as ligands for the endothelial cell specific Tie 2 receptor . ^^^ Direct intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA encoding angiopoietin 1 but not angiopoietin 2 augments revascularization in the rabbit ischemic hindlimb . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cell type specific expression of angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 suggests a role in glioblastoma angiogenesis . ^^^ To assess the potential role of Tie 2 and its ligands angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 in tumor vascularization , we analyzed their expression pattern in human gliomas . ^^^ We further observed cell type specific up regulation of the message for both angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 in gliomas . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To characterize molecular and cellular systems that may play a role in regulating blood vessel maturation , we have ( a ) analyzed the spatiotemporal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors VEGF R 1 ( Flt 1 ) and VEGF R 2 ( Flk 1 ) throughout the ovarian cycle , ( b ) examined the recruitment of pericytes during vessel maturation , and ( c ) quantitatively measured the ratio of angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) to angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) throughout the ovarian cycle . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| An in vitro study revealed that Angiopoietin 1 but not Angiopoietin 2 promoted the adhesion to fibronectin ( FN ) through integrins in TIE 2 transfected cells and primary TIE2+ cells sorted from 9 . 5 d . p . c . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The angiopoietins include a naturally occurring agonist , angiopoietin 1 , as well as a naturally occurring antagonist , angiopoietin 2 , both of which act by means of the Tie 2 receptor . ^^^ Although angiopoietin 3 and angiopoietin 4 are strikingly more structurally diverged from each other than are the mouse and human versions of angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 , they appear to represent the mouse and human counterparts of the same gene locus , as revealed in our chromosomal localization studies of all of the angiopoietins in mouse and human . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 3 is a 503 amino acid protein having 45 . 1 % and 44 . 7 % identity with human angiopoietin 1 and human angiopoietin 2 , respectively . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| PURPOSE : The purpose of this study was to analyze the formation of blood vessels in the developing mouse pancreas and lung by studying two ligands , angiopoietin 1 ( ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( ang 2 ) , which are thought to play a role as angiogenesis activating factors in development . ^^^ METHODS : Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) as well as Southern blotting was used to determine the ontogeny of angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 gene expression in the embryonic mouse pancreas and lung . ^^^ RESULTS : The authors determined the temporal expression of angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 as a function of gestational age . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The complex process of angiogenesis is controlled by the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors and by the recently isolated angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) that signal through the transmembrane endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase Tie 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 , and the Tie 2 receptor tyrosine kinase during mouse kidney maturation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and its naturally occurring antagonist angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) are novel ligands that regulate tyrosine phosphorylation of the Tie2 / Tek receptor on endothelial cells . ^^^ Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and its naturally occurring antagonist angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) are novel ligands that regulate tyrosine phosphorylation of the Tie2 / Tek receptor on endothelial cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Experiments were designed firstly to detect expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) in granulosa cells and secondly , to determine whether gonadotrophins and / or steroids regulate their expression during the peri ovulatory interval . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We therefore determined the expression of the following angiogenic and immunosuppressive factors in seven human uveal melanoma cell lines using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) : secreted interleukin 1 receptor antagonist ( sIL 1ra ) , interleukin ( IL ) 6 , IL 8 , IL 10 , transforming growth factor ( TGF ) alpha , TGFbeta , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , platelet derived growth factor ( PDGF ) , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) , angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 . ^^^ The expression of VEGF and angiopoietin 2 in combination with a lack of angiopoietin 1 expression suggest high vascular remodelling capacity and could be of great relevance for the metastatic potential of uveal melanoma . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The temporal expression of angiopoietin 1 ( Angpo 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Angpo 2 ) , Tie 1 , and Tie 2 mRNA was studied in a focal cerebral ischemia model in rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) disrupts blood vessel formation in the developing embryo by antagonizing the effects of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) on the Tie 2 receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TNP 470 treated tumors + / IR also had a significantly increased mRNA expression of angiopoietin 1 , whereas angiopoietin 2 , vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor mRNA were unchanged by the treatments . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) is a naturally occurring antagonist of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) that competes for binding to the Tie 2 receptor and blocks Ang 1 induced Tie 2 autophosphorylation during vasculogenesis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In an effort to determine whether the angiopoietins and Tie receptors play a role in the pathobiology of angiosarcoma and KS , we studied the expression of angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 , angiopoietin 4 , Tie 1 , and Tie 2 mRNAs in biopsies of KS from 12 AIDS patients , in biopsies of cutaneous angiosarcoma from two patients , and in control biopsies of normal skin from three volunteers by in situ hybridization . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| As Tie 2 ( ( / ) ) mice exhibit growth retardation and vascular network malformation , the expression of Tie 2 and its ligands , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , were investigated in human placenta from normal pregnancies and those complicated by severe IUGR . ^^^ Angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 activate trophoblast Tie 2 to promote growth and migration during placental development . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Tie 2 , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , ephrin B 2 and Eph B 4 are all important vascular morphogenesis factors which exhibit their functions in angiogenesis and blood vessel remodeling in embryonic stage . ^^^ Expression of Tie 2 , angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 , ephrinB 2 and EphB 4 in pyogenic granuloma of human gingiva implicates their roles in inflammatory angiogenesis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this review , we discuss the molecular characterization and mechanism of action of angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 in reproductive tract angiogenesis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) prevents endothelial cell apoptosis and promotes blood vessel stability , while angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , a natural antagonist of Ang 1 , disrupts blood vessel structure and induces apoptosis . ^^^ Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) prevents endothelial cell apoptosis and promotes blood vessel stability , while angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , a natural antagonist of Ang 1 , disrupts blood vessel structure and induces apoptosis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , the angiogenesis regulators vascular endothelial growth factor , angiopoietin 1 , and angiopoietin 2 were normally expressed in the wounds of endostatin treated mice . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 , and tie receptors after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we examined gene expression of the angiopoietin family including angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) in 39 gliomas and 5 glioma xenografts by RT PCR . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : Angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 are antagonist angiogenic factors acting via the same receptor Tie 2 . ^^^ MATERIAL AND METHODS : Using immunohistochemistry , localization of angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 and their receptor Tie 2 was studied in normal human prostate and PCa . ^^^ RESULTS : Few epithelial cells of normal prostate expressed angiopoietin 1 and Tie 2 but not angiopoietin 2 . ^^^ In PCa , intraductal grown tumor cells showed angiopoietin 1 but not angiopoietin 2 . ^^^ In glandular PCa , most of the tumor and intraglandular stromal cells were positive for both angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 induces Tie 2 signaling as a receptor activator and maintains blood vessel formation , whereas angiopoietin 2 destabilizes vessels by blocking Tie 2 signaling as an antagonist of angiopoietin 1 and acts with vascular endothelial growth factor to initiate angiogenesis . ^^^ Angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 , and Tie 2 were upregulated in involved psoriasis skin compared to uninvolved psoriasis skin , healthy skin , and chronic spongiotic dermatitis skin . ^^^ Thus , our findings suggest that upregulation of angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 , and Tie 2 is closely associated with the development of microvascular proliferation in psoriasis , and that the angiopoietin Tie 2 system may act coordinately with vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor to promote neovascularization in psoriasis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) affect angiogenesis differently during embryogenesis and tumorigenesis . ^^^ Angiopoietin 1 , unlike angiopoietin 2 , is incorporated into the extracellular matrix via its linker peptide region . ^^^ Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) affect angiogenesis differently during embryogenesis and tumorigenesis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have obtained full length cDNA sequences for zebrafish orthologs of angiopoietin 1 ( ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( ang 2 ) , and angiopoietin like 3 ( angptl 3 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We conclude that in vivo hypoxia exerts inhibitory effects on the activity of the angiopoietin 1 / Tie 2 receptor pathway through reduction of angiopoietin 1 and upregulation of angiopoietin 2 and 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) are important regulators of endothelial cell ( EC ) survival . ^^^ Differential expression of angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 in colon carcinoma . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Remarkably , blood vessel leakage resistance induced by HIF 1alpha overexpression was not caused by up regulation of angiopoietin 1 or angiopoietin 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and their tyrosine kinase receptor Tie 2 have been shown to play an important role in the processes of growth and remodelling of normal as well as tumour vessels . ^^^ Angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 and Tie 2 in tumour and non tumour tissues during growth of experimental melanoma . ^^^ Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and their tyrosine kinase receptor Tie 2 have been shown to play an important role in the processes of growth and remodelling of normal as well as tumour vessels . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Increased Tie 2 expression , enhanced response to angiopoietin 1 , and dysregulated angiopoietin 2 expression in hemangioma derived endothelial cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and its antagonist angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) act on the endothelial cell Tie 2 receptor to regulate vascular integrity and remodeling . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 has been shown to stabilize endothelial cell networks , whereas angiopoietin 2 is antagonistic to angiopoietin 1 and destabilizes endothelial cell networks . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Finally , overexpression of COX 1 was associated with enhanced expression of the angiogenic factors basic fibroblast growth factor , vascular endothelial growth factor , angiopoietin 1 , and angiopoietin 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we examine the effects of androgen on production of three angiogenic factors , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietin 1 , and angiopoietin 2 , by the three major cell types in the prostate . ^^^ METHODS : The ability of androgen to modulate VEGF , angiopoietin 1 , and angiopoietin 2 production in cultured mouse prostate luminal epithelial , basal epithelial , and smooth muscle cells ( SMCs ) was assessed by Western blot and RT PCR . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Intron specific primers were used to amplify each exon of angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 from individual genomic DNAs . ^^^ Although no polymorphism has been detected in the coding region of angiopoietin 1 , three independent polymorphisms have been identified for angiopoietin 2 . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) promotes vascular maturation via the Tie 2 receptor , while angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) is its natural antagonist that destabilizes vessels and initiates neovascularization in the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor . ^^^ Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) promotes vascular maturation via the Tie 2 receptor , while angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) is its natural antagonist that destabilizes vessels and initiates neovascularization in the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , they strongly expressed angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) but not angiopoietin 2 , Tie 1 , or Tie 2 ; in contrast , dermal microvascular endothelial cells exhibited a reciprocal expression pattern . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Hypoxia induced expression of NERF 2 and Tie 2 was blocked by angiopoietin 2 , a competitive inhibitor of angiopoietin 1 , and by recombinant soluble extracellular domain of Tie 2 but not by VEGF neutralizing antibodies . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| AIM : To study the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEG F ) , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , Tie 1 , and Tie 2 in C57BL / 6 mouse brain after permanent focal cerebral ischemia . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the early placenta , the predominant growth factor appears to be vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , whilst at term , angiopoietin 1 was present in large vessels , with intense angiopoietin 2 immunofluorescence ( and VEGF ) located in terminal villous capillaries . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In both models , expression of VEGF correlated with expression of mRNAs encoding other angiogenic cytokines ( angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 ) , endothelial cell receptor tyrosine kinases ( Flt 1 , KDR , Tie 1 ) , and endothelial cell adhesion molecules ( VE cadherin , PECAM 1 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVE : The recent discovery of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) has provided novel and important insights into the molecular mechanisms of blood vessel formation . ^^^ Expression of angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 , and Tie 2 genes in normal ovary with corpus luteum and in ovarian cancer . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 has recently been shown to stabilize EC networks by binding to the EC specific tyrosine kinase receptor Tie 2 ; in contrast , angiopoietin 2 is antagonistic to angiopoietin 1 and destabilizes EC networks . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Western blot analyses showed that HBO enhanced the expression of angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) with no effect on the expression of Tie 2 , angiopoietin 1 , and VEGF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Human placental vascular development : vasculogenic and angiogenic ( branching and nonbranching ) transformation is regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor A , angiopoietin 1 , and angiopoietin 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 2 is required for postnatal angiogenesis and lymphatic patterning , and only the latter role is rescued by Angiopoietin 1 . ^^^ While Angiopoietin 1 obligately activates its Tie 2 receptor , Angiopoietin 2 can activate Tie 2 on some cells , while it blocks Tie 2 activation on others . ^^^ Genetic rescue with Angiopoietin 1 corrects the lymphatic , but not the angiogenesis , defects , suggesting that Angiopoietin 2 acts as a Tie 2 agonist in the former setting , but as an antagonist in the latter setting . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , c Myc is also required for the proper expression of other angiogenic factors in ES and yolk sac cells , including angiopoietin 2 , and the angiogenic inhibitors thrombospondin 1 and angiopoietin 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) have been identified as ligands with different effector functions of the vascular assembly and maturation mediating receptor tyrosine kinase Tie 2 . ^^^ Angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 share the same binding domains in the Tie 2 receptor involving the first Ig like loop and the epidermal growth factor like repeats . ^^^ Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) have been identified as ligands with different effector functions of the vascular assembly and maturation mediating receptor tyrosine kinase Tie 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In our study , the expression of Angiopoietin 1 ( ANG 1 ) and Angiopoietin 2 ( ANG 2 ) mRNA in archival human breast cancer tumor samples and in 6 breast cancer cell lines was investigated . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : In human epiretinal membranes surgically obtained from eyes with ischemic retinal disorders , substantial upregulation of angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and the receptor Tie 2 was recorded than in those from eyes with nonischemic diseases , whereas expression of Ang 1 was constant in all membranes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Among the 7 genes , the expression of which was significantly up regulated or down regulated in FNH , the most informative markers for the diagnosis of FNH as assessed using the receiving operative curve and area under the curve ( AUC ) were angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ; AUC , 0 . 82 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ; AUC , 0 . 80 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietin 1 , and angiopoietin 2 and their receptors are expressed in the human and nonhuman primate endometrium and interact to control vascular development and remodeling . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| There were no significant differences in mRNA expression for VEGF , Flt 1 , angiopoietin 1 , or angiopoietin 2 between BIO TO 2 and F1B control . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Thus cyclical mechanical stretch activates the expression of angiopoietin 2 and the Tie 2 receptor , but not angiopoietin 1 or the Tie 1 receptor , in cultured HUVECs . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , Tie 1 and Tie 2 were measured immediately after relief of occlusion , and 1 , 6 , 24 and 72 h after reperfusion , by Northern blot , Western blot and immunohistochemical staining . ^^^ Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , Tie 1 and Tie 2 were measured immediately after relief of occlusion , and 1 , 6 , 24 and 72 h after reperfusion , by Northern blot , Western blot and immunohistochemical staining . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The study of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , ligands of receptor tyrosine kinase 2 ( Tie 2 ) , showed that while stroma derived Ang 2 was increased , epidermal Ang 1 expression was completely abolished at early papilloma formation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Moreover , the computer simulations enable analysis of the versatile effects of drugs on the growth and decay of both the tumor and the immature and mature blood vessels , as well as on the induction of an array of relevant growth factors such as angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and platelet derived growth factor ( PDGF ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recent studies have implicated the Tie 2 tyrosine kinase receptor and its main ligands angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) as crucial regulators of mural cell recruitment during angiogenesis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Implantation in marmosets occurs at day 11 of pregnancy ; hence , these time points were chosen so that the peri implantation period and very early pregnancy could be studied . mRNAs for VEGF , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 and their receptor Tie 2 were localized and quantified by in situ hybridization . ^^^ These data provide comprehensive evidence that VEGFR 1 and 2 , and angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 and Tie 2 interactions may be involved in the preparation of endometrium for implantation , remodelling of the maternal vasculature and trophoblast invasion during the peri implantation period in this primate species . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) belong to a novel family of endothelial growth factors that function as ligands for the endothelial specific receptor tyrosine kinase , Tie 2 . ^^^ Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) belong to a novel family of endothelial growth factors that function as ligands for the endothelial specific receptor tyrosine kinase , Tie 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 2 and Tie 2 , but not angiopoietin 1 mRNA were increased with ROP , and angiopoietin 2 was reduced with PD 123319 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated the presence of transcripts for VEGF A , VEGF B , VEGF C , VEGF D , Angiopoietin 1 and Angiopoietin 2 in benign endometrium , atypical complex hyperplasia ( ACH ) and endometrioid endometrial carcinoma using in situ hybridisation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Chicken angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 show a high degree of homology to their human counterparts , 91 % and 87 % respectively , a reflection of the critical role of this signalling pathway . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) are ligands for the endothelial cell specific receptor tyrosine kinase Tie 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| PURPOSE : Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) are major ligands for the endothelium specific tyrosine kinase receptor Tie 2 and are important regulators of endothelial cell survival . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Aim : Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and its antagonist , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , are novel ligands that regulate the Tie 2 receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We examined the vascular maturation regulators , angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 , and tie 2 receptor , under different weight modifying conditions . ^^^ Adipocytes expressed angiopoietin 1 , while adipose endothelial cells expressed angiopoietin 2 and tie 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and receptor VEGF R 2 , as well as Tie 2 and its ligands angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) were assessed by reverse transcription PCR . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Such bleeding is also characterized by focal reductions in the expression of angiopoietin 1 , a vessel stabilization and maturation agent , and excess production of the potent angiogenic agents , vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS AND RESULTS : Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis of atherosclerotic specimens demonstrated that unlike neovessels from early lesions that expressed vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and angiopoietin 1 ( Angio 1 ) , vessels from advanced lesions expressed VEGF and angiopoietin 2 ( Angio 2 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Tie 2 is an endothelial cell specific receptor tyrosine kinase , whose activation is positively and negatively modulated by angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 , respectively . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Enhanced expression of angiopoietin 2 and the Tie 2 receptor but not angiopoietin 1 or the Tie 1 receptor in a rat model of myocardial infarction . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| One peptide , NLLMAAS , completely abolished the binding to Tie 2 of both angiopoietin 2 and angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) analyses showed that expressions of some angiogenic genes such as angiopoietin 1 , basic fibroblast growth factor , and vascular endothelial growth factor , and angiostatic genes such as angiopoietin 2 , brain specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 and 2 , and thrombospondin 1 were not changed significantly in both gingival tissues and cultured fibroblast cells under the CsA treatments . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using RT PCR and Real Time PCR we demonstrate that angiopoietin 2 is downregulated in human granulosa cells in vitro after choriogonadotropin treatment whereas the expression of angiopoietin 1 is not significantly altered . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Functionally , endogenous angiopoietin 1 regulates initial endothelial cell commitment , whereas angiopoietin 2 enhances expansion of the endothelial cell progeny . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| During the first week of treatment , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , VEGF receptor 1 ( Flt 1 ) , and basic fibroblast growth factor proteins were higher in the treated group , whereas VEGF receptor 2 ( Flk 1 ) , angiopoietin 1 , and angiopoietin 2 were not affected by treatment . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 , angiopoietin receptor tie 2 , and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in acute coronary syndromes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Apparently conflicting publications report increased , decreased or unchanged expression levels of both angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) in a wide range of tumours . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) bind to the endothelial specific receptor tyrosine kinase , TIE 2 . ^^^ Reciprocal regulation of angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 following myocardial infarction in the rat . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of VEGFA , VEGFC , angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 and their receptors on development liver during gestation of weeks 3 12 of human embryo . ] . ^^^ The aim was to study the expression of VEGF A , VEGF C , angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 and their receptors on development liver during gestation of weeks 3 12 of human embryo . ^^^ Angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 and Tie 2 were detectable on those cells which expressed VEGFA , flt 4 and Tie 2 from weeks 5 to 12 of gestation . ^^^ The expression of angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 were weakly and Tie 2 was strongly . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : Derangements in the balance of the Tie 2 receptor ligands , angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) , have been implicated in the growth and differentiation of several human tumors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunohistochemical staining of uteri and pituitaries was performed under strictly controlled conditions for VEGF and its receptor VEGFR 2 , Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 and their tyrosine kinase receptor Tie 2 , and platelet endothelial adhesion factor ( as an index of vascularity ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Gene array and LightCycler analyses show an up regulation of angiogenic factors such as VEGF , VEGF receptor 2 , angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 , tie 2 , angiogenin , and interleukin 8 but a down regulation of collagen XVIII / endostatin and Tie 1 in CEACAM 1 overexpressing microvascular endothelial cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVE : Here we examine the effects of the angiogenic growth factors angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 on eosinophil function in vitro and possible involvement of the angiopoietin receptor Tie 2 . ^^^ The effect on eosinophil migration of angiopoietin 1 was reversed by an antibody against the Tie 2 receptor and by angiopoietin 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor , angiopoietin 1 , and angiopoietin 2 in diabetes : implications for cardiovascular risk and effects of multifactorial intervention . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| By contrast , angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 mRNA expressions were increased ( 500 % P < 0 . 02 , and 400 % P < 0 . 01 , respectively ) in the ApoE ( / ) hearts . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| DESIGN AND METHODS : Renal expression of VEGF , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and their receptors , VEGF R 2 and Tie 2 , were assessed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction , immunohistochemistry and Western blotting , in control and streptozotocin diabetic rats , untreated or receiving the AT 1 receptor antagonist , valsartan , or the AT 2 receptor antagonist , PD 123319 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We found that mouse C2C12 skeletal myocytes lack tie 2 , yet dose dependently adhered to angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 similarly to laminin , fibronectin , vitronectin , and more than to collagen 1 , 3 , and 4 . ^^^ Immobilized and soluble angiopoietin 1 phosphorylated Akt ( S 473 ) and MAPK ( p42 / 44 ) , ( not FAK ( Y 397 ) ) in C2C12 more than in endothelial cells and more than did angiopoietin 2 or cell matrices . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Positive immunostaining was detected in 18 samples ( 35 % ) for angiopoietin 1 and in 23 ( 44 ) for angiopoietin 2 . ^^^ There was no significant difference in survival according to tumour angiopoietin 1 status in the patients , but in contrast the overall survival of patients with angiopoietin 2 positive tumours was significantly lower than for those with angiopoietin 2 negative tumours ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| PATIENTS AND METHODS : We investigated the expression of VEGF A , VEGF C , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , and the receptor Tie 2 by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in a cohort of 90 patients younger than 61 years with de novo AML entered into the German AML Sddeutsche Hmoblastose Gruppe Hannover 95 trial . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recently , a role for the angiopoietin signaling system in psoriasis has been suggested by studies that demonstrate an up regulation of the tyrosine kinase receptor Tie 2 ( also known as Tek ) as well as angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 in human psoriatic lesions . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we generated several Ang 1 and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) variants to define the role of the superclustering and oligomerization domains of the Ang 1 protein . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CONCLUSIONS : Angiopoietin 2 concentration was twice that of angiopoietin 1 in NPDR with CSMO . ^^^ Angiopoietin 2 is the natural antagonist of angiopoietin 1 which is thought to act as an anti permeability agent . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Further , PEDF was found to completely inhibit high glucose or H2O2 induced increase in a mRNA ratio of angiopoietin 2 to angiopoietin 1 and up regulation of VEGF mRNA levels in pericytes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The levels of VEGF A , VEGF R 1 , VEGF R 2 , neuropilin 1 , angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 , Tie 2 , and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase mRNAs were determined by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction . ^^^ RESULTS : Vascular endothelial growth factor , angiopoietin 1 , and angiopoietin 2 appeared to be expressed to variable levels in most samples , whereas Tie 2 , VEGF R 1 , and VEGF R 2 were undetectable . ^^^ Angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 levels did not predict recurrence ( P > . 1 ) . ^^^ CONCLUSION : The results indicate that at the time of surgical excision , subfoveal membranes express angiopoietin 1 , VEGF , and , to a lesser degree , angiopoietin 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neovascularization was determined by immunostaining for the endothelial cell specific CD 31 , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF A ) , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha ( HIF alpha ) , and the sections were quantified blindly . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 in diabetes mellitus : relationship to VEGF , glycaemic control , endothelial damage / dysfunction and atherosclerosis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Flow cytometric analysis revealed that 7 day TS significantly decreased the expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 ( PECAM 1 , CD 31 ) in tibial bone marrow cells , but not those of angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 , Flk 1 ( vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ) , and vascular endothelial cadherin . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| AIM : To determine plasma levels of angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 1 , Ang 2 ) , their soluble receptor Tie 2 , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , its soluble receptor Flt 1 ( as indices of angiogenesis ) , and von Willebrand factor ( vWf , marking endothelial damage / dysfunction ) in sickle cell disease ( SCD ) patients with proliferative sickle retinopathy ( PSR ) , with non proliferative retinopathy ( NPR ) , or no retinopathy ( NR ) and in control subjects with normal haemoglobin ( AA subjects ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of VEGF and Angiopoietin 1 and Angiopoietin 2 protein by murine neutrophils was evaluated by confocal immunohistochemistry . ^^^ Murine neutrophils contained VEGF and Angiopoietin 1 and Angiopoietin 2 proteins . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| At the early stage ( day 6 ) , glomerular expression of VEGF and receptors flk 1 and flt 1 as well as Ang 1 , and receptor Tie 2 were increased , and glomerular monocyte infiltration and the expression of angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , a natural antagonist of Ang 1 , were reduced . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This study focused on effects of 2 other angiogenic growth factors , angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 , on human neutrophils and on the involvement of the angiopoietin receptor Tie 2 . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Data suggest that a Tie 2 receptor is expressed by human neutrophils whose active site ligation with either angiopoietin 1 or angiopoietin 2 exerts migratory effects on the one hand and arrests VEGF mediated chemotaxis on the other . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ECM genes profiled included the angiopoietin 1 and related genes ( angiopoietin 2 , tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin like and EGF like domains 1 ( TIE 1 ) and 2 ( TIE 2 ) , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and related receptors ( VEGF receptor 1 , VEGF receptor 2 and neuropilin 1 ) , thrombospondin 4 , alpha 2 macroglobulin and transforming growth factor beta 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVE : To study the expression of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) in human placentas of dizygotic dichorionic twins in relation to fetal growth . ^^^ Placental angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 expression and correlation with birth weight in twins . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) bind the receptor tyrosine kinase Tie 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : Plasma levels of von Willebrand factor ( vWF , an index of endothelial damage / dysfunction ) and tissue factor ( TF , an index of coagulation ) , as well as the angiogenic factors , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay ( ELISA ) in 59 chronic AF patients . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here , we determined the serum concentration of angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , a natural antagonist of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) involved in promoting angiogenesis in the presence of angiogenic stimuli such as vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , in women with preeclampsia . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and Angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) are angiogenic growth factors expressed in the placenta , and compete for binding to a common receptor , Tunica interna endothelial cell kinase 2 ( Tie 2 ) . ^^^ Placental expression of angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 and tie 2 during placental development in an ovine model of placental insufficiency fetal growth restriction . ^^^ Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and Angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) are angiogenic growth factors expressed in the placenta , and compete for binding to a common receptor , Tunica interna endothelial cell kinase 2 ( Tie 2 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Concentrations of sCD40L ( P = 0 . 039 ) , CRP ( P < 0 . 001 ) , angiopoietin 1 ( P < 0 . 001 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( P = 0 . 003 ) and VEGF ( P < 0 . 001 ) were all greater amongst hypertensive patients than in controls . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Differential expression of angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 may enhance recruitment of bone marrow derived endothelial precursor cells into brain tumors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Stimulation of Ishikawa cells and human endometrial biopsy explants with 100 nm iloprost ( a PGI analog ) rapidly activated ERK1 / 2 signaling and induced the expression of proangiogenic genes , basic fibroblast growth factor , angiopoietin 1 , and angiopoietin 2 , in an epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) dependent manner . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Differential expression of angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 , and Tie receptors in placentas from pregnancies complicated by placenta accreta . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : The purpose of this study was to investigate the differential expression of angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 , and Tie receptors ( Tie 1 and Tie 2 ) in placentas from pregnancies complicated by placenta accreta . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor , angiopoietin 1 , and angiopoietin 2 in tumors was examined by Western blotting . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To investigate the possible role of angiogenic mechanisms , we have studied the immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and their receptors ( VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , Tie 2 ) in ADPKD , Caroli ' s disease , normal and fetal livers . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( ANGPT 1 ) , Angiopoietin 4 ( ANGPT 4 ) , VEGF , FGF 2 , FGF 4 , HGF , Ephrin , IL 8 and CXCL 12 ( SFD 1 ) are pro angiogenic factors ( angiogenic activators ) , while Angiopoietin 2 ( ANGPT 2 ) , Angiostatin , Endostatin , Tumstatin , Canstatin , THBS 1 , THBS 2 , TNFSF 15 ( VEGI ) and Vasohibin ( VASH 1 ) are anti angiogenic factors ( angiogenic inhibitors ) . ^^^ Angiopoietin 1 ( ANGPT 1 ) , Angiopoietin 4 ( ANGPT 4 ) , VEGF , FGF 2 , FGF 4 , HGF , Ephrin , IL 8 and CXCL 12 ( SFD 1 ) are pro angiogenic factors ( angiogenic activators ) , while Angiopoietin 2 ( ANGPT 2 ) , Angiostatin , Endostatin , Tumstatin , Canstatin , THBS 1 , THBS 2 , TNFSF 15 ( VEGI ) and Vasohibin ( VASH 1 ) are anti angiogenic factors ( angiogenic inhibitors ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| DESIGN AND PATIENTS : Expression of NOS , angiogenic markers [ vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 ] and their receptors was studied in surgical thyroid samples obtained from 22 patients aged 15 68 years . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using quantitative competitive PCR ( QC PCR ) combined with the reverse transcription of total RNA into cDNA , we investigated the expression of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and Tie 2 in the eutopic endometrium from 56 women with severe endometriosis and that from 64 women without endometriosis during the follicular and luteal cycles . ^^^ Angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 and Tie 2 expression in eutopic endometrium in advanced endometriosis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Analysis by RT PCR and Western blot showed significantly lower gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietin 1 , and angiopoietin 2 and significantly lower protein expression of VEGF , angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 , the ratio of phospho Akt to Akt , and phospho endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ) to eNOS in hypercholesterolemic rats than in controls . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : Among various angiogenic factors , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) play crucial roles in regulating angiogenesis and vascular integrity . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The recruited c kit+ cells established a proangiogenic milieu in the infarct border zone by increasing VEGF and by reversing the cardiac ratio of angiopoietin 1 to angiopoietin 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : Fresh surgically resected specimens of HCC and noncancerous liver ( NCL ) tissue from 38 patients with HCC were obtained , and expression of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , Tie 2 , and VEGF messenger RNA ( mRNA ) was examined by real time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES : Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and its natural antagonist angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , both ligands for the receptor tyrosine kinase Tie 2 , are known to play an essential role in normal and pathological angiogenesis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma ANG 2 and plasma aldosterone decreased , and PRA and ANG 1 increased acutely , with no further changes during chronic treatment . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) , ANG 1 and angiotensin 3 ( ANG 3 ) , increased blood pressure in a dose related manner . ^^^ The order of potency of angiotensins was ANG 2 greater than ANG 1 greater than ANG 3 . ^^^ The intraventricular administration of a converting enzyme inhibitor ( SQ 14225 , 6 . 9 X 10 8 mol / kg ) abolished the central effect of ANG 1 , while an angiotensin 2 analogue ( [ Sar 1 Ala8 ] ANG 2 , 1 . 1 10 10 8 mol / kg ) administered intraventricularly inhibited the central pressor effects of these three angiotensins . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The response to Ang 1 was significantly reduced by treatment with bradykinin potentiator B , while the response to Ang 2 was not influenced . ^^^ It may be concluded that Ang 1 , 2 and 3 produce contractions possibly by activation of same Ang 2 receptors and that contractions induced by Ang 1 are associated , to some extent , with a conversion to Ang 2 in the arterial wall . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , this discrepancy may be largely an artefact related to difficulties in measuring low Ang 2 levels in the presence of high angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) levels . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Reversed phase HPLC of the partially purified methanol extract showed that greater than 75 % of the ANG 1 and greater than 82 % of the ANG 2 like immunoreactivity coeluted with ANG 1 and 2 , respectively . ^^^ Dietary sodium deprivation ( 0 . 003 meq / g ) and excess ( 1 . 34 meq / g ) for 7 days significantly ( P less than 0 . 01 ) increased and decreased renal ANG 1 ( 296 + / 30 and 82 . 6 + / 15 . 8 vs . 161 + / 18 fmol / g ) and ANG 2 ( 216 + / 16 and 45 . 6 + / 11 . 8 vs . 98 + / 16 fmol / g ) contents , respectively . ^^^ ACE inhibition increased renal and plasma ANG 1 levels 2 . 8 and 12 fold , respectively , and decreased renal and plasma ANG 2 levels 75 78 % . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Our binding competition studies show a potency series of Ang 2 = Ang 3 greater than saralasin greater than Ang 1 = PD 123177 much greater than Ang 2 ( 1 7 ) much much greater than losartan . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Addition of ANG 1 , 2 and 2 dose dependently increased short circuit current ( Isc ) and transepithelial potential difference , an effect that was more pronounced with addition to the submucosal solution than to the mucosal solution , with rank order of potency of ANG 2 greater than or equal to ANG 2 much greater than ANG 1 . ^^^ These results suggest that ANG 2 and 3 selectively stimulate Cl secretion across airway epithelium and that ANG 1 may exert its effect after its conversion to ANG 2 by angiotensin converting enzyme . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Renal tissue angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and 2 ( Ang 2 ) content and angiotensin converting enzyme activity were assessed in both kidneys during initial ( 7 days ) and maintenance ( 25 days ) phases of two kidney , one clip hypertension in rats . ^^^ In kidneys harvested 25 days after clipping one renal artery , Ang 1 and Ang 2 contents in clipped kidneys were increased 102 % and 24 % ( p < 0 . 01 ) , respectively . ^^^ Plasma Ang 1 and Ang 2 levels were elevated at 7 days but were not different at 25 days in clipped rats . ^^^ These results demonstrate a dissociation between intrarenal and circulating levels of Ang 1 and Ang 2 and suggest that qualitatively different mechanisms may be responsible for the elevated intrarenal Ang 2 levels during the initial and maintenance phases of renal hypertension . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We also determined whether cFP A A F pAB inhibits the conversion of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to Ang 2 by pulmonary ACE . ^^^ The hydrolysis of Ang 1 into Ang 2 by pulmonary ACE was inhibited to a similar extent by both cFP A A F pAB and the ACE inhibitor MK 422 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Miosis was observed by intracameral injection of ANG 1 and ANG 2 into the anterior chamber . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This study examines the effects of two converting enzyme inhibitors ( captopril and enalaprilat ) and two alpha adrenergic receptor antagonists ( phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine ) on the pressor response produced by exogenous angiotensin 1 ( [ Asp 1 , Val 5 , Ser 9 ] ANG 1 , fowl ) and [ Val 5 ] angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) in the American alligator ( Alligator mississippiensis ) . ^^^ Bolus administration of ANG 1 at 0 . 1 , 0 . 5 , and 1 . 0 micrograms / kg ; ANG 2 at 0 . 05 , 0 . 1 , and 0 . 5 micrograms / kg ; or norepinephrine ( NE ) at 2 micrograms / kg elicited dose dependent increases in arterial blood pressure . ^^^ Captopril ( 0 . 5 mg / kg / hr ) and enalaprilat ( 300 micrograms / kg / hr ) significantly reduced the response to ANG 1 , but not ANG 2 or NE . ^^^ Both phenoxybenzamine ( 0 . 25 mg / kg / min ) and phentolamine ( 1 mg / kg / hr ) effectively blocked the NE pressor response ( 84 and 88 % , respectively ) and attenuated ( 42 80 % ) the pressor effects of ANG 1 and ANG 2 . ^^^ In addition , the pressor response to exogenously administered ANG 1 and ANG 2 was attenuated by alpha adrenergic receptor blockade and thus may be due , in part , to secondary catecholamine release . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts were found to have immunofluorescent staining for ANG 1 , ANG 2 , and angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) . ^^^ The identity of the radioimmunoassayable materials as ANG 1 and 2 peptides was confirmed in cardiomyocytes using an in vitro bioassay based on displacement of 125I ANG 2 from receptor binding sites in cardiac membranes prepared from neonatal pig heart . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The purified monoclonal antibody 4D8 has an association constant of 1 . 3 10 10 ( 11 ) L / mol with Ang 2 and a cross reactivity of < 1 % for Ang 1 . ^^^ The assay can detect as little as 0 . 8 fmol of Ang 2 in 2 mL of plasma and is not influenced by the presence of Ang 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma renin activity , Ang 1 and Ang 2 were increased , while plasma aldosterone was decreased in both strains . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Coexistence of both Ang 1 and Ang 2 in the high density renin storage granules were also demonstrated by gradient centrifugation of renal homogenate . ^^^ These findings supported the synthesis of Ang 1 and Ang 2 in juxtaglomerular cells . ^^^ Isolated and cultured JG cells showed the synthesis of Ang 1 , Ang 2 and renin . ^^^ Ang 1 and Ang 2 were secreted from isolated and perfused rat kidneys at steady rates over 2 hr . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin is generated within the kidney , but the precise loci for the formation of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) have not been demonstrated . ^^^ We performed electron microscopy immunocytochemistry in kidney sections of 10 day old ( newborn ) and adult Wistar Kyoto ( WKY ) rats using specific antibodies to renin , ANG 1 , ANG 2 , and angiotensinogen ( AO ) . ^^^ Renin , ANG 1 , ANG 2 , and AO were present in juxtaglomerular ( JG ) cells . ^^^ Renin was largely confined to cytoplasmic granules ; ANG 1 and ANG 2 were colocalized to these granules but also were present in the cytoplasm ; AO was distributed throughout the cytoplasm . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Comparison of dose response curves to ANG 1 , 2 , and 3 showed that all three had similar maximum pressor effects ( 27 + / 3 mmHg ) , with ANG 1 being four times less potent than ANG 2 , and ANG 3 as potent as ANG 2 . ^^^ Central pretreatment with the ANG converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril abolished the pressor response to ANG 1 , suggesting that it was mediated entirely through ANG 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Whereas plasma renin concentration ( PRC ) , angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) all were significantly increased , plasma aldosterone was decreased by approximately 70 % compared with control animals . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The binding was inhibited by Ang peptides with the following order of potency and IC 50 ( nM ) : Ang 2 ( 3 . 7 ) > Ang 3 ( 69 ) > Ang 1 ( 3650 ) , and by the nonpeptide AT 1 receptor antagonist , losartan , with an IC 50 of 3 . 2 nM . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although plasma renin activity increased and the pressor response to ANG 1 was inhibited by both enalapril and losartan , suggesting effective peripheral blockade of ANG 2 activity , a third group of nephrotic rats was treated with losartan ( 18 mg . kg 1 . day 1 ) to ensure that adequate ANG 2 blockade was achieved . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To quantify regional conversion of angiotensin ( ANG ) 1 to ANG 2 and its degradation to peptides other than ANG 2 , monoiodinated 125I labeled ANG 1 was given to anesthetized pigs by constant infusion into the left cardiac ventricle . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the combined systemic vascular beds , ANG 1 production was closely correlated with plasma renin activity ( PRA ) and ANG 2 production was greater than in the lungs . ^^^ In the lungs virtually no ANG 1 but 31 % of ANG 2 in venous plasma was derived from de novo production , which could be fully accounted for by conversion of circulating ANG 1 . ^^^ In myocardium , head , skin , skeletal muscle , and kidney , respectively , 40 , 58 , 55 , 67 , and 94 % of venous ANG 1 , and 32 , 49 , 40 , 59 , and 85 % of venous ANG 2 were derived from de novo production . ^^^ These results indicate that production of ANG 1 at tissue sites contributes to its circulating level and that some circulating ANG 2 may not be derived from circulating ANG I . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Unlike Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Ang 3 , and peptide antagonists , such as saralasin , which all are relatively nonselective ligands for both Ang 2 receptors , the peptides CGP42112A and p aminophenylalanine 6 Ang 2 show a marked preference for the AT 2 site . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The rank order of the binding to the receptor expressed in COS 7 cells was Ang 2 greater than Ang 3 greater than Ang 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These results suggest that the ability of isoproterenol to release renin , the subsequent generation of ANG 1 , and the conversion to ANG 2 are similar in the two strains . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Other Ang peptides competed for binding in the rank order : Ang 3 ( IC 50 , 2 . 1 nM ) greater than Ang 1 ( IC 50 , 33 ) greater than [ Des Phe 8 ] Ang 2 ( IC 50 , 362 ) greater than [ Des Asp 1 Des Arg 2 ] Ang 2 ( IC 50 , 736 ) . ^^^ Differences were noted in pH sensitivity , time course , binding affinity for Ang 1 , 2 , and 3 , and rate of dissociation between nuclei or nuclear envelopes and plasma membrane Ang 2 binding . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Losartan increased dramatically both angiotensins 1 ( Ang 1 ) and 2 ( Ang 2 ) release in a dose dependent fashion ; the maximal percent increment in Ang 1 and Ang 2 release evoked by Losartan ( 10 ( 6 ) M ) was about +380 % and +160 % , respectively , in normal rat hind legs . ^^^ There was a highly positive correlation between the released amounts of Ang 1 and that of Ang 2 altered by Losartan in either normal ( r = 0 . 954 ) or nephrectomized rats ( r = 0 . 923 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using high performance liquid chromatography based radioimmunoassays , 8 angiotensin peptides were measured : Ang ( 1 7 ) , Ang 2 , Ang ( 1 9 ) , Ang 1 , Ang ( 2 7 ) , Ang 3 , Ang ( 2 9 ) , and Ang ( 2 10 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , the inhibitory effects of three ANG 2 analogues ( [ Sar 1 , Ala 8 ] , [ Sar 1 , Thr 8 ] , and [ Sar 1 , Ile 8 ] ANG 2 ) on the pressor responses to angiotensin 1 ( fowl ANG 1 , [ Asp 1 , Val 5 , Ser 9 ] ) were also examined . ^^^ Intravenous administration of bullfrog , turtle , and fowl ANG 1 at 0 . 1 , 0 . 5 , and 1 . 0 micrograms / kg produced dose dependent increases in arterial blood pressure . [ Val 5 ] ANG 2 at 0 . 05 , 0 . 1 , and 0 . 5 micrograms / kg , or NE at 2 micrograms / kg also produced dose dependent increases in blood pressure . [ Sar 1 , Ile 8 ] ANG 2 and [ Sar 1 , Ala 8 ] ANG 2 ( 10 micrograms / kg / min ) both attenuated the pressor response to fowl ANG 1 whereas [ Sar 1 , Thr 8 ] ANG 2 ( 10 micrograms / kg / min ) produced no significant blockade . ^^^ These data demonstrate : ( 1 ) All three exogenous ANG 1 molecules exert potent vasopressor responses in the alligator , ( 2 ) [ Sar 1 , Ile 8 ] ANG 2 is the most effective ANG antagonist , and ( 3 ) the alligator appears to possess a renin angiotensin system similar to that found in other vertebrates . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To determine which of the two methods provided a more reliable indication of ACE inhibition in vivo , we measured plasma ACE , angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , and angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) in patients receiving the CEI perindopril . ^^^ During perindopril therapy , changes in the ratio of ANG 2 : ANG 1 , an index of ACE activity in vivo , showed a close agreement with changes in plasma ACE activity measured with FAPGG as substrate , but not with HHL as substrate . ^^^ We conclude that measurement of ACE activity in vitro with FAPGG as substrate provides a reliable measure of changes in conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 in vivo during CEI therapy . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma ACE activity was measured by a fluorimetric assay and the extent of ANG 1 conversion was calculated from the equipressor doses of ANG 1 and ANG 2 in conscious rats . 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Arterial and femoral venous plasma angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) were measured by radioimmunoassay after high performance liquid chromatography . ^^^ In the sham operated group , arterial Ang 2 and Ang 1 levels were increased , respectively , by 85 + / 16 % and 103 + / 23 % with the low dose of isoproterenol , and by 121 + / 13 % and 563 + / 126 % with the high dose of isoproterenol . ^^^ The apparent femoral Ang 2 secretion rate was increased by 3 . 2 fold and 4 . 4 fold , and the apparent femoral Ang 1 secretion rate increased by 4 . 3 fold and 21 . 2 fold , with the low and high dose of isoproterenol , respectively . ^^^ Low plasma levels of Ang 1 and Ang 2 remained in the nephrectomized group , representing some locally generated angiotensins . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These results strongly suggest that the conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 is due mainly to the Ang converting enzyme in the endothelium and to the chymostatin sensitive Ang 2 generating enzyme in subendothelial tissues . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Phosphoramidon did not affect plasma renin activity ( PRA ) or the pressor response to angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , indicating that ANG 2 synthesis was not altered . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These in vitro results were confirmed by measuring ACE inhibition in vivo using the ratio of plasma angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) to blood angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ANG 2 induced hypertrophy in MCT cells was factor specific , in that it could be blocked with saralasin , and not induced by angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 2 content in pouch tissue was measured by radioimmunoassay following HPLC separation while its capacity to generate Ang 2 was assessed in tissue bath , with and without exogenous Ang 1 or lisinopril , an ACE inhibitor . ^^^ In pouch tissue , we found : ( 1 ) myoFb at day 4 which became more extensive at days 7 , 14 and 21 ; ( 2 ) morphologic evidence of collagen deposition evident at day 4 , which gradually became more extensive thereafter ; ( 3 ) ACE and Ang 2 receptor binding was evident at day 4 and remained invariant on days 7 , 14 and 21 ; ( 4 ) the predominant Ang 2 receptor subtype expressed was AT 1 ; ( 5 ) myoFb express ACE and AT 1 receptors ; ( 6 ) picogram quantities of Ang 2 ( per g tissue ) was evident on days 7 , 14 and 21 ; and ( 7 ) Ang 2 was generated from Ang 1 substrate . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ACE transforms angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , and also promotes the degradation of bradykinin into inactive metabolites . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The postradiation changes of constriction effects of angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) on isolated preparations of thoracic aorta young and old rats which underwent gamma irradiation in dose 1 Gy ( 137Cs , 9 10 10 ( 4 ) Gy / s ) were investigated . ^^^ The inhibitory influence of endothelium on vasoconstriction effects of Ang 2 and Ang 1 in ontogenesis does not change . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The major metabolites of angiotensin ( Ang ) 1 by the rat renal mesangial cell extract at 37 degrees C , pH 7 . 4 , were Ang 1 9 and Ang 2 . ^^^ Quinaprilat did not influence the formation of Ang 1 9 , but it inhibited formation of Ang 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In vitro binding data support the fact that both Ang 1 and Ang 2 bind with high avidity to muTek delta Fc . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang ( 1 7 ) was administered in three concentrations ( 0 . 1 , 1 and 10 micromol / l ) to prevent Ang 1 and Ang 2 induced pressor responses and facilitation of noradrenaline release . ^^^ Ang ( 1 7 ) prevented Ang 1 and Ang 2 mediated changes in vascular resistance more potently in SHR SP than in WKY by inhibiting ACE and by blocking AT 1 receptors . ^^^ Ang ( 1 7 ) inhibited Ang 1 mediated facilitation of noradrenaline release more potently than Ang 2 mediated facilitation of noradrenaline release . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Ang ( 1 7 ) had a greater impact on Ang 1 and Ang 2 modulation of renal vascular resistance in SHR SP than in normotensive rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Investigation of metastatic foci using laser capture microdissection revealed that the RNA content of ANG 2 , but not ANG 1 , increased from the bordering liver region to the periphery of the metastatic disease , and also from the periphery to the intermediate portion of the metastatic lesion ; immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that there was a corresponding gradual increase in Ang 2 protein expression . ^^^ Western blot analysis suggested that expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 2 , and VEGF may be regulated at a transcriptional level . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Granulosa cells and thecal tissues in small ( < 4 mm ) , medium ( 4 5 mm ) or large ( > 5 mm ) individual follicles were collected for detection of mRNA expression of HGF , Ang 1 and Ang 2 in granulosa cells , and HGF receptor ( HGF R ) and Tie 2 in the theca cells by semi quantitative RT PCR . ^^^ The expression of Ang 1 mRNA declined in granulosa cells of medium and large follicles and the level of Ang 2 mRNA increased in granulosa cells of small follicles after eCG treatment . ^^^ The ratio of Ang 2 / Ang 1 increased in small , medium and large follicles from ovaries after eCG treatment , but Tie 2 mRNA expression in the theca cells did not change . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| An important action of chymase is the ACE independent conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 , but chymase also degrades the extracellular matrix , activates TGF beta 1 and IL 1beta , forms 31 amino acid endothelins and is involved in lipid metabolism . ^^^ In human diseased blood vessels ( e . g . atherosclerotic and aneurysmal aorta ; remodeled pulmonary blood vessels ) , there are increases in chymase containing mast cells and / or in chymase dependent conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present study used immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to examine whether angiopoietin 1 and 2 ( Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) , ligands for Tie 2 , are also expressed in the RA synovium . ^^^ Ang 1 and Ang 2 were expressed in all of 15 RA synovial samples , and their distribution pattern was similar to that of Tie 2 . ^^^ Double immunohistochemistry revealed coexpression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Tie 2 in synovial components exhibiting proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunoreactivity . ^^^ In addition , Ang 1 and Ang 2 were preferentially expressed in vimentin positive fibroblastic cells . ^^^ Incubation with various concentrations of recombinant Ang 1 or Ang 2 did not alter DNA synthesis , but the ligands enhanced chemotactic migration of RA fibroblastic synoviocytes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensinogen , des ( Ang 1 ) AGT , tetradecapaptide renin substrate ( AGT 1 14 ) , Ang 1 , Ang 2 or Ang 3 , added to glioblastoma cells in culture , did not modulate their proliferation , survival or death . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| For this purpose , we investigated the effects of centrally administered angiotensin ( ANG ) 1 ( [ Asn ( 1 ) , Val ( 5 ) , Asn ( 9 ) ] ANG 1 ) and ANG 2 ( [ Asn ( 1 ) , Val ( 5 ) ] ANG 2 ) on heart rate ( HR ) and heart rate variability ( HRV ) in the unanesthetized trout . ^^^ The i . c . v . injections of ANG 1 and ANG 2 at doses of 5 and 50 pmol had a marked effect on HR and HRV . ^^^ At a dose of 50 pmol , ANG 1 and ANG 2 produced a progressive and significant increase in HR ( +36 % and+45 % , respectively ) but elicited a profound decrease in HRV ( 88 % and 92 % , respectively ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ACEI impairs the conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 , a dipsogenic hormone , and impairs the degradation of bradykinin . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ACE 2 cleaves a single residue from angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to generate Ang 1 9 , and degrades Ang 2 , the main effector of the RAS , to the vasodilator Ang 1 7 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To gain further insight in the functional aspects of ANG 2 in the SCN , we investigated on the subcellular localization of the neuropeptide ANG 2 and its precursor ANG 1 in the SCN . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Separate infusions of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and 2 ( Ang 2 ) were administered , both at rates of 4 and 8 ng / kg / min . ^^^ RESULTS : Ang 1 and Ang 2 infusion dose dependently increased mean arterial blood pressure ( MAP ) and plasma aldosterone , and decreased plasma renin activity ( PRA ) and GFR at both diets . ^^^ Ang 1 and Ang 2 infusion resulted in a dose dependent decrease in the excretion of UFF , UFE , and of the UFF / UFE ratio at both diets , without changing the urinary ( THF + allo THF ) / THE ratio . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 2 is formed by cleavage of Ang 1 by angiotensin converting enzyme , but there is also evidence for non angiotensin converting enzyme dependent conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 . ^^^ Ang 1 was added to ex vivo cultures of peritoneal cells , and the generation of Ang 2 and other metabolites was analyzed . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We carried out a comparative investigation of the effects of Ang 2 and its precursor Ang 1 on collagen metabolism and proliferation in cultured human cardiac fibroblasts . ^^^ Cardiac fibroblasts responded to both Ang 1 and Ang 2 with concentration dependent increases in collagen synthesis but no proliferation . ^^^ In conclusion , Both Ang 1 and Ang 2 stimulate collagen synthesis of human cardiac fibroblasts , the effect of Ang 2 occurring via the AT ( 1 ) receptor whilst Ang 1 appears to exert a direct effect through non Ang 2 dependent mechanisms . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ANG 2 infusion into TP / mice reduced ANG 1 and increased aldosterone but caused a blunted increase in MAP ( TP / : +6 + / 2 vs . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| During coronary angiography coronary blood flow was measured and samples were obtained from aorta and coronary sinus for determination of Ang 1 and Ang 2 gradients . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : PRA , Angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , Angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , and Angiotensin ( 1 7 ) [ Ang ( 1 7 ) ] levels were significantly higher in renovascular hypertensive patients than in normotensive children ( 3 . 3 + / 1 . 2 vs 0 . 40 + / 0 . 22 ng Ang I / mL / hour , 81 . 4 + / 24 . 8 vs 26 . 4 + / 13 . 4 pg / mL , 59 . 3 + / 17 . 0 vs 21 . 4 + / 8 . 7 pg / mL , 41 . 0 + / 10 . 5 vs 16 . 2 + / 7 . 9 pg / mL , respectively ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Three angiopoietins have been identified so far , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , and angiopoietin 3 ( Ang 3 ) . ^^^ We have demonstrated recently that , unlike Ang 2 , Ang 1 binds to the extracellular matrix , which regulates the availability and activity of Ang 1 ( Xu , Y . , and Yu , Q . ( 2001 ) J . ^^^ In our current study , we demonstrated that , unlike Ang 1 and Ang 2 , Ang 3 is tethered on cell surface via heparan sulfate proteoglycans ( HSPGs ) , especially perlecan . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the RAS ( renin angiotensin system ) , Ang 1 ( angiotensin 1 ) is cleaved by ACE ( angiotensin converting enzyme ) to form Ang 2 ( angiotensin 2 ) , which has effects on blood pressure , fluid and electrolyte homoeostasis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The angiopoietin ( Ang ) family of growth factors includes Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Ang 3 , and Ang 4 , all of which bind to the endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase Tie 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietins ( Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Ang 3 ) are the ligands of Tie 2 receptor tyrosine kinase . ^^^ The essential roles of Ang 1 and Tie 2 in embryonic angiogenesis have been established , and studies have demonstrated the involvement of Ang 1 and Ang 2 in tumor angiogenesis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ET 1 infused rats showed greater plasma renin activity ( 8 . 1+ / 0 . 8 Ang I / ml / h ) , and greater Ang 1 ( 122+ / 28 fmol / ml ) and Ang 2 levels ( 94+ / 13 fmol / ml ) than vehicle ( 0 . 9 % NaCl ) infused rats ( 3 . 1+ / 0 . 6 Ang I / ml / h , 45+ / 8 and 47+ / 7 fmol / ml , respectively , n=6 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we investigated alterations of the gene expression of Ang 1 and Ang 2 in the retinas of streptozotocin ( STZ ) induced diabetic rats . ^^^ METHODS : In situ hybridization , reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) and western blot analyses were performed to determine the mRNA and protein content for Ang 1 and Ang 2 and the Tie 2 receptor in the retinas of STZ diabetic and age matched control rats . ^^^ RESULTS : Using in situ hybridization analysis , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Tie 2 mRNA expression was observed in the ganglion cell layer ( GCL ) and the inner nuclear layer ( INL ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To study a potential feedback system in the angiopoietin ( Ang ) Tie 2 system , the authors examined effects of Ang 1 and Ang 2 on Tie 2 expression on human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVECs ) with or without stimulation by a potent inflammatory cytokine , tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ) . ^^^ Ang 1 , but not Ang 2 , down regulated Tie 2 expression on HUVECs without TNF alpha stimulation . ^^^ Both Ang 1 and Ang 2 attenuated TNF alpha induced Tie 2 up regulation . ^^^ Regulation of Tie 2 expression by Ang 1 or Ang 2 was not dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietins ( Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) modulate the activity of the endothelial cell ( EC ) specific receptor tyrosine kinase Tie 2 , which together with vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF A ) and its EC specific receptors , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , regulate normal physiological vessel development . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : MMP 2 , MMP 9 , uPA , PAI 1 , IGF 2 , BFGF , VEGF , ANG 1 , IRS 1 , and TSP 1 were significantly ( p < or =0 . 05 ) upregulated in CIS and INV , whereas TIMP 1 , ANG 2 , MASPIN , IGF 1 R and HBEGF were unchanged . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Utilizing mass spectrometry , incubation of isolated PSTs with ANG 1 ( 10 ( 6 ) M ) led to generation of ANG 1 7 ( sensitivity of detection > 1 10 10 ( 9 ) M ) , accompanied by the formation of ANG 1 8 ( ANG 2 ) and ANG 1 9 . ^^^ Incubation of PSTs with ANG 2 or luminal perfusion of ANG 2 did not result in detection of ANG 1 7 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ET , Ang 1 , Ang 2 in the serum , the MDA content , SOD activity , NO level , the recovery rate of coronary flow ( CF ) and heart rate ( HR ) after reperfusion and CK , XO from the myocardial cells were observed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and 2 ( Ang 2 ) are endothelial growth factors that bind to the tyrosine kinase receptor Tie 2 and contribute to orchestrate blood vessel formation during angiogenesis . ^^^ In contrast , Ang 2 is classically considered as a Tie 2 antagonist , counteracting the stabilizing action of Ang 1 . ^^^ We observed that both Ang 1 and Ang 2 increased these biologic activities . ^^^ Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and 2 ( Ang 2 ) are endothelial growth factors that bind to the tyrosine kinase receptor Tie 2 and contribute to orchestrate blood vessel formation during angiogenesis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To get insights into the molecular genetic pathways and the biological role of angiogenesis in urothelial carcinogenesis , we analyzed comparatively the expression of the mRNA of the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and of the angiopoietins 1 and 2 ( Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) in 71 transitional cell carcinomas ( TCC ) of the urinary bladder in relation to the tumor grades and stages , and referring to epidemiological risk factors . ^^^ A significantly 3 and 2 fold respectively , drop of the VEGF and Ang 2 mRNA expression in conjunction with a 2 fold significantly higher expression of Ang 1 mRNA in the group of grade 2 TCC when infiltrating the muscle layer may represent a crucial event during urothelial carcinogenesis , and possibly indicates an important step in promoting the conversion of bladder cancer from a low to a high malignancy in this subset of carcinomas . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here , we report that primary murine mast cells express angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and low levels of VEGF A but not Ang 2 and that 2 established murine plasmacytoma cell lines express high levels of VEGF A but little or no Ang 1 or Ang 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Brachial artery function was assessed by bilateral venous occlusion plethysmography using intra arterial infusions of the endothelial dependent vasoconstrictors , angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , to measure vascular angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) and Ang 2 receptor response respectively . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 2 antibodies showed specificity for Ang 2 , while the Ang 1 antibodies showed binding properties for Ang 1 , 2 , and Renin . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN : Real time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR was used to measure levels of mRNA of tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis related factors [ vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) A , VEGF C , VEGF D , Flt 1 , KDR , Flt 4 , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 1 , Tie 2 , cyclooxygenase 2 , fibroblast growth factor 2 ( FGF 2 ) , Egr 1 , Prox 1 , and LYVE 1 ] in tumor specimens of 16 inflammatory breast cancer and 20 noninflammatory breast cancer patients . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Up regulated genes include vasculogenic growth factors such as VEGFA , VEGFC , FIGF ( VEGFD ) , ANG 1 , ANG 2 , TGFbeta 3 , and PDGFB , as well as the related receptors FLT 1 , FLT 4 , PDGFRB , TGFbetaR 2 , and TGFbetaR 3 , other markers such as CD 34 , VCAM 1 , PECAM 1 , VE CAD , and transcription factors TAL 1 , GATA 2 , and GATA 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The angiopoietins , Ang 1 and Ang 2 , and their common receptor , Tie 2 or Tek , constitute another signaling system that regulates angiogenesis , and which interacts with VEGF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Messenger RNA expression of von Willebrand factor ( vWF ) ; smooth muscle alpha actin ( SMA+ ) ; platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 ( PECAM 1 ) ; vascular endothelium cadherin ( VE Cad ) ; endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ) ; vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 ( VCAM 1 ) ; tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ) ; matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP 9 , MMP 12 , and MMP 14 ) , and tissue inhibitors of MMPs ( TIMPs : TIMP 1 , TIMP 2 , TIMP 3 , TIMP 4 ) ; angiopoietins ( Ang 1 , Ang 2 ) ; and receptors Tie 1 and Tie 2 , were analyzed with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction 2 , 6 , and 15 days after surgery . ^^^ Coil occlusion , with or without recanalization , was followed by decreased expression of vWf , VE Cad , eNOS , VCAM 1 , MMP 2 , TIMP 1 , and TIMP 2 ; stable expression of PECAM 1 , SMA+ , and TIMP 3 ; and overexpression of Ang 1 and Ang 2 , MMP 9 , MMP 14 , and TIMP 4 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Brain angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , Ang 2 , Tie 1 , Tie 2 , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , VEGF R 1 , and VEGF R 2 mRNA levels were determined by RNAse protection assays , and CD 31 positive vessels were counted . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Also , unlike Ang 2 , increased expression of Ang 1 had no effect on established retinal or choroidal NV . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both losartan and eprosartan increased plasma levels of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Ang ( 2 8 ) , and eprosartan increased Ang ( 3 8 ) levels . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The angiopoietins Ang 1 and Ang 2 have been identified as ligands of the endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase Tie 2 , which controls vascular assembly and endothelial quiescence . ^^^ The largely complementary phenotypes of Ang 1 deficient mice and Ang 2 overexpressing mice have led to an antagonistic model in which Ang 1 acts as Tie 2 activating agonist and Ang 2 acts as a Tie 2 inhibiting antagonist . ^^^ To date , no mechanistic equivalent of the antagonistic Ang 1 / Ang 2 model has been established and the mechanisms of Ang 2 function in particular remain mysterious . ^^^ We have studied the effector functions of Ang 1 and Ang 2 on quiescent endothelial cells using a three dimensional co culture model of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells . ^^^ Exogenous Ang 2 mediated endothelial cell detachment can be rescued by Ang 1 , soluble Tie 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The HPLC analysis of the glomerular extracts demonstrated that exogenous ANG 1 was converted into various ANG peptides including ANG 2 , ANG 1 9 , and ANG 1 7 . ^^^ A significant increase in formation of ANG 2 from exogenous ANG 1 was observed in STZ rats compared with control rats . ^^^ Preincubation of glomerular extracts with captopril resulted in a 20 30 % decrease in ANG 2 conversion from exogenous ANG 1 in diabetic and control rats . ^^^ The possible role of ANG 1 9 in formation of ANG 2 was examined by HPLC . ^^^ Exogenous ANG 1 9 in glomerular extracts was converted into ANG 2 , this conversion being significantly higher in STZ rats than in control rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recently it has been shown that Ang 2 is crucial for the formation of lymphatic vasculature and that defects in lymphangiogenesis seen in Ang 2 mutant mice are rescued by Ang 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The incorporation of GFP positive cells into the vascular architecture was visualized by fluorescence confocal microscopy in conjunction with the transcription profiles of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and angiopoietin 1 and 2 ( Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) . ^^^ This coincided with a decline in the expression of Ang 1 and a rise in the expression of VEGF and Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It was hypothesized that chymase may participate in hemodialysis vascular access dysfunction , as chymase has been known to be an effective enzyme in the conversion of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to Ang 2 and in the latent TGF beta 1 to the active form . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In adults , Ang 1 is associated with blood vessel stabilization and recruitment of perivascular cells , whereas Ang 2 acts to counter these actions . ^^^ Recent results from gene targeted mice have shown that Ang 2 is also essential for the proper patterning of lymphatic vessels and that Ang 1 can be substituted for this function . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Incubation of HMC in HG resulted in a 1 . 6 fold increase in Ang 1 ( p < 0 . 05 ) and a 1 . 4 fold increase in Ang 2 levels ( p < 0 . 05 ) in cell lysates . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : In cultured HPMC , the expression of mRNAs for angiotensinogen , angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) , Ang 2 type 1 receptor ( AT 1 ) , and TGF beta 1 was evaluated by real time polymerase chain reaction ; ACE , AT 1 , and fibronectin proteins by Western blot analysis ; and Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and TGF beta 1 proteins by ELISA . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| On release from cardiac mast cells , alpha chymase converts angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVE : The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the aminopeptidase inhibitor with broad specificity , bestatin , affects angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) or angiotensin 3 ( Ang 3 ) stimulated collagen gel contraction in cardiac fibroblasts . ^^^ These fibroblasts ( 100 , 000 cells ) were then further incubated in a floating collagen gel lattice with the test products Ang 1 ( 1 micromol / L ) , Ang 2 ( 100 nmol / L ) , Ang 3 ( 100 nmol / L ) and bestatin ( 100 micromol / L ) for three days in DMEM without FBS . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS AND RESULTS : In normal renal tissue , the expression of ANG 1 was apparent in the glomerular capillaries and podocytes as well as in the endothelial cells of vessels , whereas we observed no expression of ANG 2 . ^^^ Immunohistochemical study demonstrated marked production of ANG 1 in fibroblasts and ANG 2 expression in cancer cells when we performed co culture , but no expression of either in each monoculture . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| No significant effect was observed after intravitreal application of sTie 2 ( p = 0 . 07 ) , although Ang 2 was upregulated in control animals without treatment as neovascularization developed and Ang 1 was constantly transcribed ( ratio PCR ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| AIMS : Angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) 2 catalyses the cleavage of angiotensin ( Ang ) 1 to Ang 1 9 and of Ang 2 to Ang 1 7 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS AND RESULTS : Ang 1 and Ang 2 concentrations were determined in arterial and coronary sinus ( CS ) plasma samples in a group of normotensive ( n = 10 ) and hypertensive ( n = 18 ) subjects . ^^^ Arterial and CS concentrations of Ang 1 and Ang 2 were similar in both groups ( Ang 2 CS , 5 . 8 + / 4 . 0 versus 3 . 7 + / 3 . 1 fmol / ml ; P = not significant ) , as was the Ang II / Ang 1 ratio ( CS , 0 . 56 + / 0 . 17 versus 0 . 54 + / 0 . 22 fmol / fmol ; P = not significant ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ANG 2 production was quantified in kidney homogenates by incubating at 37 degrees C for 60 min with enzyme substrate ( 200 microm ANG 1 ) alone or substrate containing the chymase inhibitor chymostatin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ANG 2 infusion increased systolic blood pressure ( BP ; 178 + / 4 vs . 122 + / 1 mmHg ; P < 0 . 001 ) and suppressed plasma renin activity ( PRA ; 0 . 08 + / 0 . 1 vs . 5 . 3 + / 0 . 8 ng ANG 1 10 ml ( 1 ) 10 h ( 1 ) ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We show herein that Ang 2 , but not Ang 1 , induces edema formation in the mouse paw in a dose dependent manner ; the edema seems to be fast peaking ( maximum at 30 min ) and resolves within 4 h . ^^^ The effect of Ang 2 is blocked by the coadministration with a soluble form of the Tie 2 receptor or Ang 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To provide a firm basis for the new paradigm of drug discovery based on peptide cleaving catalysts , oligopeptide cleaving catalysts were searched for by using human angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) as the substrates . ^^^ On incubation with SS Co ( 3 ) 10 and S Co ( 3 ) Y , both Ang 1 and Ang 2 were cleaved by oxidative decarboxylation instead of peptide hydrolysis : the N terminal Asp residues of Ang 1 and Ang 2 were converted to pyruvate residues . ^^^ Detailed kinetics analysis suggested that Ang 1 and Ang 2 can be cleaved with half lives much less than 1 h if the structures of the chelating ligands of the catalysts are further improved . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The aim of the study was to determine the source of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) in hematoma fluid of patients suffering from chronic subdural hematoma ( CSH ) and to identify the level of gene expression of the pro angiogenic factors angiopoietin 1 ( ANG 1 ) and ANG 2 in hematoma membranes . ^^^ The mRNA species analyzed include VEGF and its receptors , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , and ANG 1 , ANG 2 and their receptor , Tie 2 . ^^^ In membrane samples , mRNA encoding for VEGF and its receptors was only inconsistently detected while the mRNA species encoding for ANG 1 , ANG 2 , and Tie 2 were found throughout all samples . ^^^ The mean ratio of ANG 1 / ANG 2 mRNA expression was 0 . 48 as opposed to 1 . 9 in a normal human brain tissue sample . ^^^ A marked increase in the expression of ANG 2 mRNA over ANG 1 mRNA demonstrates a pro angiogenic pattern in the hematoma membranes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Human chymase generated Ang 2 from Ang 1 without further degradation , whereas the chymases of other species generated Ang 2 , followed by degradation at the Tyr 4 Ile5 site in a time dependent manner . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang ( 1 7 ) can be formed from Ang 2 or directly from Ang 1 . ^^^ This enzyme can form Ang ( 1 7 ) from Ang 2 or less efficiently by the hydrolysis of Ang 1 to Ang ( 1 9 ) with subsequent Ang ( 1 7 ) formation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Constitutive expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and their receptor Tie 2 was detected at both the mRNA and protein level in all the pituitary glands studied . ^^^ Of interest was the localization of both Ang 1 and Ang 2 in scattered PAS positive adenohypophysial cells rather than in endothelial cells . ^^^ Confocal microscopy showed colocalization of both Ang 1 and Ang 2 proteins within the same adenohypophysial cells . ^^^ In the posterior pituitary , strong Ang 1 signal observed in vascular endothelial cells masked the weak Ang 2 signal , a pattern that is similar to that reported in brain endothelial cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| DESIGN : The functional relevance of ACE dependent and NEP dependent generation and degradation of ANG 2 on NA overflow was determined in pithed rats by applications of ANG 1 ( 0 . 1 100 microg / kg ) or ANG 2 ( 0 . 01 10 microg / kg ) after single injections of ramipril ( 1 mg / kg ) , the NEP inhibitor candoxatril ( 100 mg / kg ) , or the vasopeptidase inhibitor omapatrilat ( 30 mg / kg ) . ^^^ After acute application , the vasopeptidase inhibitor suppresses NA release in response to ANG 1 due to a predominant reduction of ANG 2 formation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These changes were associated with increased expressions of ANG 2 and its type 1 ( AT 1 ) and type 2 ( AT 2 ) receptors , endothelin 1 ( ET 1 ) and its type B receptor ( ETB ) , and angiopoietin 1 , together with decreased expressions of bone morphogeneic protein receptor 1A and 2 ( BMPR 1A and BMPR 2 , respectively ) and unchanged expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and EGF homology domains 2 ( Tie 2 ) . ^^^ Losartan therapy was associated with persistent overexpressions of ANG 2 , AT 2 , ET 1 , ETB , and angiopoietin 1 and with a return to normal of the BMPR 2 expression . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Striated muscle expressions ( Western blots ) of ANG 2 AT ( 1 ) receptor subtype , endothelial nitric oxide synthase , angiopoietin 1 and 2 , Tie 2 receptor , vascular endothelial growth factor and receptor , and platelet derived growth factor C at E 21 and P 7 were unaltered by antenatal diet exposure . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , murine macrophages constitutively expressed both transcripts and protein for Ang 2 but not Ang 1 or Ang 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The ability of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and 2 ( Ang 2 ) to induce directly protein degradation in skeletal muscle has been studied in murine myotubes . ^^^ Total protein degradation , induced by both Ang 1 and Ang 2 , was attenuated by the proteasome inhibitors lactacystin ( 5 microM ) and MG 132 ( 10 microM ) , suggesting that the effect was mediated through upregulation of the ubiquitin proteasome proteolytic pathway . ^^^ Both Ang 1 and Ang 2 stimulated an increased proteasome ' chymotrypsin like ' enzyme activity as well as an increase in protein expression of 20S proteasome alpha subunits , the 19S subunits MSS 1 and p 42 , at the same concentrations as those inducing protein degradation . ^^^ The effect of Ang 1 was attenuated by imidaprilat , confirming that it arose from conversion to Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the early phase postinjury , blood brain barrier ( BBB ) breakdown at the lesion site is associated with decreased endothelial Ang 1 and increased Ang 2 expression , raising the possibility that Ang 2 may have a role in early BBB breakdown . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : In tension study , contractility in response to ANG 1 , ANG 2 , ANG 3 and ANG 4 was enhanced in diabetic clitoral cavernosum strips ( EC 50 was 67 . 6 + / 27 . 2 , 4 . 3 + / 0 . 4 , 189 . 3 + / 37 . 3 , 443 . 2 + / 0 . 4 nM for diabetic versus 155 . 2 + / 76 . 1 , 38 . 3 + / 0 . 1 , 528 . 0 + / 75 . 2 , 616 . 9 + / 69 . 5 nM for sham , respectively ) . ^^^ The binding affinities were enhanced in diabetic clitoral cavernosum for ANG 2 ( dissociation constant , 4 . 9 + / 1 . 0 for sham versus 0 . 9 + / 0 . 2 nM for diabetic ) and for ANG 1 , ANG 3 , and ANG 4 ( inhibitory constant , 28 . 6 + / 1 . 5 , 398 . 7 + / 157 . 2 , and 3966 . 5 + / 1524 . 1 nM for sham versus 20 . 6 + / 5 . 7 , 78 . 5 + / 23 . 7 , and 1098 . 7 + / 195 . 5 nM , for diabetic , respectively , all p < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Peak height or area under curve for TDP , Ang 1 , and angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) peaks are measured . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These phenotypes depend strongly on p110gamma rather than on p85alpha and were associated with decreased expression of Ang 1 , VCAM 1 , connexin 40 , and ephrinB 2 but increased expression of Ang 2 , VEGF A , VEGFR 1 , and VEGFR 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In untreated pigs , adrenal 125I Ang 2 was 17 + / 1 times arterial 125I Ang 2 , and tissue Ang 1 and 2 were 5 + / 1 and 388 + / 40 times higher than plasma Ang 1 and 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 2 expression with low Ang 1 expression was found during the early luteal phase . ^^^ Thereafter , increasing Ang 1 expression during the midluteal phase , declining Ang 1 expression with continued Ang 2 expression during the late luteal phase , and relatively high Ang 1 expression in early pregnancy were observed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Effects of [ Pro 11 D Ala 12 ] Ang 1 ( PDA ) , an Ang 1 converting enzyme ( ACE ) resistant biologically inactive precursor of Ang 2 were blocked by chymostatin or N acetyl Ala Ala Pro Leu chloromethylketone ( elastase 2 inhibitor ) in carotid artery . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Hypertensive patients had higher levels of plasma VEGF , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 2 and platelet VEGF ( all P < or=0 . 01 ) , but not platelet Ang 1 , when compared with normotensive controls . ^^^ Amongst the hypertensives , plasma levels of VEGF correlated significantly with Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 2 and platelet VEGF , whilst platelet VEGF correlated strongly with plasma levels of VEGF and Ang 1 ( all P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study the expressions of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , 2 ( Ang 2 ) were compared by immunohistochemistry in 53 gastric cancer and 23 normal gastric mucosa samples . ^^^ In addition , Ang 2 as well as its receptor Tie 2 expressions were higher in 12 pairs of gastric cancer tissue samples than those in corresponding adjacent samples by Western blot , while Ang 1 expression showed great heterogeneity . ^^^ Furthermore , the expressions of Ang 1 and Ang 2 were almost positive in eight gastric cancer cell lines . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Increase in the renal expression of VEGF A , flk 1 , Ang 2 , an antagonist of angiopoietin 1 , transforming growth factor beta 1 , interleukin 6 , and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 was inhibited by endostatin peptide in diabetic mice . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma renin activity ( PRA ) and Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and bradykinin concentrations were measured at baseline and 4 h after the administration of candesartan . ^^^ In the HRT group , significant increases were found in PRA , Ang 1 , and Ang 2 ( all P < . 05 ) and a significant decrease in bradykinin ( P < . 01 ) with candesartan treatment . ^^^ In the control group , candesartan as associated with an increase in PRA ( P < . 05 ) but not in Ang 1 , Ang 2 , or bradykinin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Measures of renal excretory variables included assessing excretion rates of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , Ang 2 and Ang ( 1 7 ) while blood collected at the completion of the study was used for measures of plasma angiotensin concentrations . ^^^ Lisinopril augmented plasma levels and urinary excretion rates of Ang 1 and Ang ( 1 7 ) , while plasma Ang 2 was reduced with no effect on urinary Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BP responses to exogenous Ang 1 were diminished in Ts , Gs , and Pg mice , whereas those to Ang 2 were the same in the different strains . ^^^ Plasma and renal tissue Ang 1 of all transgenic mouse strains was significantly higher than WT , whereas Ang 2 levels were generally lower ; aldosterone levels were significantly lower than WT in Ts mice but not in the two other transgenic strains . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : We determined the effect of Ang 1 ( 3 . 10 ( 6 ) mol / L ) in the absence and presence of the converting enzyme inhibitor , captopril ( 10 ( 5 ) mol / L ) in cerebral arterioles of male Wistar rats ( open skull preparation ) , and those of Ang 2 ( 3 . 10 ( 12 ) to 3 . 10 ( 6 ) mol / L ) in the absence and presence of the Ang 2 receptor ( AT 1 ) antagonist , telmisartan ( 10 ( 5 ) mol / L ) or the AT 2 antagonist , PD 123319 ( 10 ( 5 ) mol / L ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In cultured choroidal endothelial cells we found that TNF alpha increased Ang 2 mRNA ( increased transcription ) and protein levels prior to those of Ang 1 and VEGF . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This study tests the hypothesis that abnormalities in plasma indices of angiogenesis , such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ( VEGF ) and angiopoietins ( Ang 1 , Ang 2 ) , as well as their soluble receptors Flt 1 ( sFlt 1 ) and Tie 2 ( sTie 2 ) respectively , are present in women with in pregnancy induced hypertension ( PIH ) . ^^^ Results show that levels of plasma VEGF , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , sFlt 1 and Tie 2 were significantly different between the study groups . ^^^ Post hoc analyses revealed plasma Ang 1 was highest in the preeclampsia group ( p < 0 . 001 ) , whilst Ang 2 was highest in the normotensive pregnant group ( p =0 . 018 ) . ^^^ Abnormal indices of angiogenesis are evident in PIH and preeclampsia , with higher levels of sFlt 1 and lower levels of VEGF ; in PIH , increased levels of Ang 1 and Tie 2 , but reduced Ang 2 , are evident compared to normal pregnancy . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , there were no significant changes in the levels of Ang 1 or Ang 2 in IPAH or APAH samples vs those in control subjects . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Supernatant and cell lysate Ang 1 and Ang 2 levels were extremely low . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Bortezomib triggered a dose dependent inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and interleukin 6 ( IL 6 ) secretion by the MMECs , and reverse transcriptase PCR confirmed drug related down regulation of VEGF , IL 6 , insulin like growth factor 1 , Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , and Ang 2 transcription . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although plasma ANG 2 levels were not different between strains , circulating levels of ANG ( 1 7 ) were 270 % higher and ANG 1 concentrations were 40 % lower in the mRen2 . ^^^ For both strains , MED ANG 2 , ANG 1 , and ANG ( 1 7 ) were significantly higher than CORT levels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Meanwhile , mRNA for Ang 1 and Ang 2 was found in the SEC and HSC fractions , but was more prominent in the latter . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Incubation of the cells with Ang 1 , an agent that activates the PI 3 K / Akt pathway in EC , reduced Ang 2 release . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) effects maturation and stabilization of newly formed blood vessels , while Ang 2 produces the opposite effect by allowing vascular remodeling . ^^^ An immunohistochemical study showed both Ang 1 and Ang 2 expression in luteal cells . mRNA and protein levels of Ang 1 were significantly higher on days 12 and 15 than those on days 3 and 21 , whereas there was no significant change in Ang 2 expression . ^^^ Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) effects maturation and stabilization of newly formed blood vessels , while Ang 2 produces the opposite effect by allowing vascular remodeling . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The angiopoietins Ang 1 and Ang 2 have been identified as ligands of the receptor tyrosine kinase Tie 2 ( refs . 1 , 2 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Tumor angiogenesis was assessed by microvessel density ( MVD ) using the anti CD 34 antibody , and the expression of VEGF , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and TSP 1 was determined by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ A total of 75 . 6 % cases were positive for VEGF expression , 36 % for Ang 1 , 57 . 6 % for Ang 2 and 45 . 5 % for TSP 1 . ^^^ There was no significant correlation between VEGF , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and TSP 1 expression and tumor size , capsule formation , infiltration of capsule , portal vein invasion , intrahepatic metastasis or CCC differentiation . ^^^ There was no significant correlation between MVD levels , VEGF , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and TSP 1 expression and postoperative survival . ^^^ Although TSP 1 may increase intrahepatic CCC metastases , neither MVD levels nor the expression of VEGF , Ang 1 , or Ang 2 was associated with clinicopathological factors and prognosis . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Arterial venous Ang 1 and Ang 2 gradients were positive without difference between controls and patients throughout the study . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 1 stabilizes , whereas Ang 2 destabilizes vessels , increasing responsiveness to angiogenic stimuli . ^^^ RESULTS : Mean HFA Ang 2 to Ang 1 mRNA ratio was 6 . 3 fold higher than adult adrenals ( P < 0 . 001 ) . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Higher HFA Ang 2 to Ang 1 ratios may reflect greater vascular remodeling than in the adult . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ANG 1 and [ Asp ( 1 ) , Val ( 5 ) ] Angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) i . v . gave dose dependent increases in mean arterial pressure but there was no pressor response to [ Val ( 4 ) ] ANG 3 ( ANG 3 ) . ^^^ The replacement of d leu ( 10 ) in the alligator ANG 1 molecule with l leu ( 10 ) almost stopped its conversion to ANG 2 and attenuated the pressor response . [ Asp ( 1 ) , Val ( 5 ) , Ala ( 9 ) ] ANG 1 ( 1 9 ) , and ANG ( 1 7 ) both failed to increase arterial blood pressure , even at the relatively high non physiological test dose of 194pmolkgbw ( 1 ) i . v . ^^^ Captopril blocked angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) and prevented the pressor response to ANG 1 whereas the mammalian AT ( 1 ) inhibitor Losartan attenuated , but did not completely block the pressor response to ANG 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The purposes of this study were to determine cDNA sequences of canine Ang 1 and Ang 2 and investigate their expressions in normal tissues and spontaneous tumours . ^^^ The cDNA sequences of canine Ang 1 and Ang 2 were 1 , 494 and 1 , 488 bp , and the deduced amino acid sequences were 497 and 495 residues , respectively . ^^^ The cDNA sequences of canine Ang 1 and Ang 2 showed high homology with those of the other mammalian species . ^^^ Canine Ang 1 and Ang 2 mRNA were detectable in all 22 normal tissues and spontaneous tumours . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In general , these studies suggest that Ang 1 is a proangiogenic factor that promotes endothelial cell survival and tumor angiogenesis , especially in the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor ; whereas Ang 2 destabilizes vasculature that leads to the initiation of angiogenesis or apoptosis of endothelial cells / vessel regression in the presence or absence of vascular endothelial growth factor , respectively , and that the cell surface tethered Ang 3 displays antiangiogenic activity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In conclusion , endocrine Ang 2 mainly acts in Glom , whereas Pt is exposed to paracrine Ang 2 generated by the conversion of intrarenally produced Ang 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In contrast , in the heart and kidneys , ANG 1 levels were not affected , and ANG 2 levels tended to decrease , whereas in the hypothalamus ANG 2 content clearly increased . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| As interleukin ( IL ) 1beta has been found to be an indispensable factor in angiogenic signaling , we further analyzed the effect of IL 1beta on the expression of VEGF A , Ang 1 , and Ang 2 using a previously established cell culture model . ^^^ VEGF A , Ang 1 , and Ang 2 mRNA expression was detected by conventional and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) . ^^^ RESULTS : Differential expression of VEGF A , Ang 1 , and Ang 2 was clearly demonstrated in cartilage tumors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma or tissue extracts were incubated with angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ; 1296 m / z ) or angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ; 1045 m / z ) . ^^^ MS peaks for the substrates , Ang 1 and Ang 2 , and the generated peptides , Ang ( 1 7 ) and Ang ( 1 9 ) , were monitored . ^^^ Ang 2 was preferably cleaved by rACE 2 ( km=5 mumol / L ) , whereas Ang 1 was not a good substrate for rACE 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and 2 ( Ang 2 ) and their common receptor , Tie 2 , are thought to be critical regulators of tumor angiogenesis . ^^^ We examined expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and their common receptor Tie 2 mRNAs and proteins in gastric cancers using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry . ^^^ The expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Tie 2 mRNA in cancer cells significantly correlated with the MVD ( p < 0 . 001 , < 0 . 001 and =0 . 019 , respectively ) . ^^^ Ang 1 and Tie 2 positivity correlated with advanced gastric cancers ( p < 0 . 05 ) and larger cancers had higher positive rates of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Tie 2 mRNA expression ( p < 0 . 001 , =0 . 010 and =0 . 039 , respectively ) . ^^^ Significant positive correlations were also found between mRNA expression of Tie 2 and those of Ang 1 and Ang 2 ( p < 0 . 01 and < 0 . 001 , respectively ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated Ang 1 , Ang 2 and Tie 2 expressions including balance and intratumoral vessels in the role of angiogenesis of endometrial adenocarcinoma . ^^^ The levels of Ang 1 , Ang 2 and Tie 2 expressions were expressed as staining score . ^^^ Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 2 and CD 34 were expressed in the cytoplasm of tumor cells . ^^^ A significant correlation was found among Ang 1 , Ang 2 and Tie 2 expressions . ^^^ In high VEGF cases , Ang 1 expression was correlated negatively with TVC and MVC , but positively with VD , and the Angl < Ang 2 group was significantly higher in TVC and MVC and tended to be smaller in VD than the Ang 1 > Ang 2 group . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : We investigated immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietins ( Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) , hypoxia induced factor 1alpha ( HIF 1alpha ) and thrombospondin 1 ( TSP 1 ) in 60 specimens of surgically resected HCC . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Interestingly , Ang 2 , an antagonist ligand of Tie 2 , inhibited Ang 1 induced HGF production and Ang 1 induced SMC migration . ^^^ Collectively , our data reveal a novel mechanism of Ang / Tie2 signaling in regulating vascular maturation and suggest that a delicate balance between Ang 1 and Ang 2 is critical in this process . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| VEGF , ang 1 , ang 2 , and PDGF mRNA expression was reduced in the corneas of AG 1296 treated mice compared with the respective control . ^^^ Treatment with the PI 3 K inhibitors wortmannin and LY 29002 had similar effects , inducing a decrease in corneal neovascularization and a reduction of VEGF , ang 1 , ang 2 , and PDGF mRNA levels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : PF Ang 2 and VEGF levels but not Ang 1 levels were higher ( p < 0 . 001 ) in exudates than in transudates . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Ang 2 levels but not Ang 1 levels are elevated in exudative PEs , and they correlate with levels of VEGF and markers of pleural inflammation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and Ang 2 regulate the maintenance of normal vasculature by direct endothelial and indirect smooth muscle cell ( SMC ) effects . ^^^ In this study , we investigated the effect of exogenous Ang 1 and Ang 2 in chronically rejecting rat cardiac allografts by intracoronary adeno associated virus ( AAV ) mediated gene transfer . ^^^ In cardiac allografts , both AAV Ang 1 and AAV Ang 2 decreased inflammation and increased antiapoptotic Bcl 2 mRNA and Bcl 2 / Bax ratio at 8 weeks . ^^^ Only AAV Ang 2 decreased the development of CAV , whereas AAV Ang 1 activated arterial SMC and increased PDGF A mRNA in the allograft . ^^^ Collectively , our results show that exogenous Ang 1 and Ang 2 have similar antiinflammatory and antiapoptotic effects in cardiac allografts . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 2 , and TNF alpha messenger RNA expression were quantified by real time polymerase chain reaction . ^^^ Infliximab produced a significant reduction in protein expression of Ang 2 , vascular endothelial growth factor , and Tie 2 ( P < . 001 ) along with a decrease in messenger RNA expression of Ang 1 ( P < . 045 ) and Tie 2 ( P < . 021 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Whereas angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) activates these receptors and promotes cell survival , migration , and sprouting , little information is available regarding how Ang 2 influences these cells . ^^^ However , unlike Ang 1 , Ang 2 significantly inhibited JNK / SAPK phosphorylation . ^^^ When vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) was present along with Ang 2 , ERK1 / 2 phosphorylation was inhibited , whereas augmentation of Ang 1 induced ERK1 / 2 phosphorylation was triggered by VEGF . ^^^ We also conclude that the nature of interactions in terms of ERK1 / 2 activation between Ang 2 and VEGF is different from that of Ang 1 and VEGF . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , no significant changes in PRA , ACE activity , Ang 1 , or Ang 2 levels were observed . ^^^ The BP remained unchanged in the oral HRT group , but the PRA , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and bradykinin levels had significantly increased and ACE activity had significantly decreased ( all P < . 05 ) at 12 months after the start of HRT . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Examination of the uteri revealed Ang 2 mRNA and protein expression in the oestrogen dominated cycling phase and the progesterone dominated mated phase , whereas Ang 1 expression was restricted to the mated phase . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The early and long term effects of coronary artery ligation on the plasma and left ventricular angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE and ACE 2 ) activities , ACE and ACE 2 mRNA levels , circulating angiotensin ( Ang ) levels [ Ang 1 , Ang ( 1 7 ) , Ang ( 1 9 ) , and Ang 2 ] , and cardiac function were evaluated 1 and 8 weeks after experimental myocardial infarction in adult Sprague Dawley rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In isolated human arteries , chymase predominantly converted Ang 1 to AngII rather than ACE . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Assignment of ANGPT 4 , ANGPT 1 , and ANGPT 2 encoding angiopoietins 4 , 1 and 2 to human chromosome bands 20p13 , 8q22 . 3 > q 23 and 8p23 . 1 , respectively , by in situ hybridization and radiation hybrid mapping . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study we demonstrate that exposure of primary cultures of cardiac and vascular cells to hypoxia or AdCA 5 , an adenovirus encoding a constitutively active form of HIF 1alpha , modulates the expression of genes encoding the angiogenic factors angiopoietin 1 ( ANGPT 1 ) , ANGPT 2 , placental growth factor , and platelet derived growth factor B . ^^^ Depending on the cell type , expression of ANGPT 1 and ANGPT 2 was either activated or repressed in response to hypoxia or AdCA 5 . ^^^ Analysis of gene expression revealed increased expression of ANGPT 1 , ANGPT 2 , platelet derived growth factor B , placental growth factor , and VEGF mRNA in AdCA 5 injected eyes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE ( S ) : Expression of ANGPT 1 and ANGPT 2 mRNA was quantified by competitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) and normalized to expression of the housekeeping gene human glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase ( GAPDH ) mRNA . ^^^ The expression of ANGPT 1 and ANGPT 2 protein was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining . ^^^ RESULT ( S ) : All grafts expressed ANGPT 1 and ANGPT 2 mRNA . ^^^ The immunohistochemical investigation for ANGPT 1 and ANGPT 2 revealed presence of both proteins at all the times but no obvious correlation with the duration of cultivation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Instead , ANGPT 2 appears to act as a natural antagonist of ANGPT 1 , it can activate vascular remodeling with the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) or regress frank blood vessels under the absence of VEGF . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Because the endogenous agonist ANGPT 1 , antagonist ANGPT 2 , and TEK are expressed in the primate ovary , experiments were designed to investigate their role at a critical time during tissue remodeling / angiogenesis in the menstrual cycle ( i . e . , at midcycle during maturation , ovulation , and luteinization of the dominant follicle ) . ^^^ Either vehicle , 20 microg of ANGPT 1 , 2 microg of ANGPT 2 ( low dose ) , or 20 microg of ANGPT 2 ( high dose ) was injected directly into the preovulatory follicle of monkeys around the day ( 1 to 0 ) of the midcycle estradiol ( E 2 ) / LH peak . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We identified 5 genes ( Angpt 1 , Angpt 2 , Dtprp , G1p2 and Prlpa ) whose steady state levels in the uterus undergoing decidualization depends on the presence of a conceptus . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Then , total cellular RNA was extracted from the cells and evaluated for expression of mRNA for VEGF , FGF 2 , ANGPT 1 , ANGPT 2 , and NO receptor , guanylate cyclase 1 , soluble beta 3 ( GUCY1B3 ) , using real time quantitative RT PCR . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.55824808 |
| No significant relationships were observed in clear cell carcinomas between Ang 1 , Ang 2 and Tie 2 mRNA abundance and patient sex , patient age , or tumour size ( p > 0 . 05 ) . 0.55824808^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.51254976 |
| Angiopoietin 1 was also positively correlated with Ang 2 in both breast ( r=0 . 422 , P=0 . 02 ) and prostate cancer ( r=0 . 543 , P=0 . 002 ) . 0.51254976^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In vivo micropuncture experiments performed in anesthetized rats have shown that peritubular capillary infusion of either ANG 2 or angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , at rates that do not markedly influence baseline vascular resistance , can increase proximal tubular reabsorption rate and enhance the responsiveness of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism . ^^^ With higher ANG 2 or ANG 1 infusion rates , pronounced preglomerular vasoconstriction occurs , resulting in reduced glomerular capillary pressure and single nephron glomerular filtration rate . ^^^ The effects of peritubular capillary infusion of ANG 1 on glomerular function have been shown to be inhibited by the ANG 2 receptor antagonist , saralasin , indicating that the observed effects of ANG 1 on proximal tubular reabsorption and glomerular function are not due to direct effects of the decapeptide but are mediated by increases in the interstitial ANG 2 concentrations resulting from intrarenally generated ANG 2 . ^^^ These findings indicate that intrarenal conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 occurs , at least in part , at a site which is inaccessible to acutely administered ACE inhibitors , or that there is an alternative pathway for the intrarenal conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 that is not blocked by ACE inhibitors . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Ang 3 levels were 70 . 6 + / 9 . 0 , 44 . 0 + / 9 . 8 , and 20 . 2 + / 3 . 6 pg / ml , respectively . ^^^ Ang 1 and Ang 2 were detected in four anephric patients , and Ang 3 was detected in three anephric patients ( Ang 1 , 10 . 4 + / 5 . 2 ; Ang 2 , 2 . 6 + / 1 . 2 ; Ang 3 , 2 . 7 + / 1 . 5 pg / ml , n = 6 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Within 30 min after drug intake , PRA and plasma Ang 1 and Ang 2 levels fell to their nadir . ^^^ Both Ang 1 and Ang 2 were measured specifically after extraction on phenylsilylsilica and separation by isocratic HPLC . ^^^ This calculated Ang 1 generation rate , based on plasma active renin concentrations and drug levels , closely correlated with actually measured Ang 1 and Ang 2 levels ( r = 0 . 90 , n = 88 ) over the whole 8 h time period . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The antibody specificity and their cross reactions with ANG 1 decapeptide and with fragments of ANG 2 , were evaluated . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| When we also measured the levels of systemically infused 251I Ang 2 across these vascular beds , we found that although a substantial fraction of Ang 2 in the regional veins was derived from new production and not from arterial delivery , most could be attributed to the conversion of arterially delivered Ang 1 . ^^^ The exception was in the kidney , where about 70 % of venous Ang 2 appeared to have been derived from Ang 1 produced in renal tissue . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Ang 3 provoked rapid increases in [ 3H ] glycerol labeling of DAG . ^^^ Pretreatment of cells with angiotensin converting enzyme activity inhibitors prevented the stimulatory effect of Ang 1 on DAG production , indicating that Ang 2 but not Ang 1 is responsible for increased DAG production . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Human heart chymase , a chymotrypsin like serine proteinase that hydrolyzes the Phe 8 His9 bond in angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to yield the octapeptide hormone angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and His Leu , is the most specific , efficient Ang 2 forming enzyme described . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor quinaprilat prevented the decrease in blood flow to the choroid plexus in response to ANG 1 without affecting responses to ANG 2 . ^^^ Thus 1 ) circulating ANG 1 and 2 are potent constrictors of blood vessels of the choroid plexus , 2 ) the constrictor effect of ANG 1 on the blood vessels of the choroid plexus appears mediated primarily by generation of ANG 2 , and 3 ) intracerebroventricular ANG 1 produces large reductions in the blood flow to the choroid plexus , which suggests that there is an effective central system that converts ANG 1 to ANG II . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To test the hypothesis that angiotensin ( Ang ) 1 and 2 are produced by blood vessels , we investigated the formation of both Ang 1 and Ang 2 in isolated , perfused rat hindquarters . ^^^ Assays of the perfusate by high performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay demonstrated the spontaneous release of Ang 1 and Ang 2 from the hindlimb vasculature . ^^^ Conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 in hindquarter vasculature was approximately 75 % and was totally suppressed by captopril . ^^^ The data indicate that Ang 1 and Ang 2 are produced locally within blood vessels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Binding of 125I SARILE to oocytes also was specific for Ang 2 related peptides with a rank order potency of : [ Sarc 1 ] Ang 2 greater than Ang 2 greater than Ang 3 much greater than Ang 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Since circulating renin in plasma accounts for only a small portion of intrarenally produced Ang 2 , we investigated juxtaglomerular ( JG ) cells as a source of Ang 1 and 2 . ^^^ This finding was supported by the demonstration of colocalization of renin , Ang 1 , and Ang 2 in cultured JG cells and in dense granular fractions of rat kidney separated by gradient centrifugation of rat kidney homogenate . ^^^ Perfusion of rat kidney with Krebs Ringer buffer containing bovine serum albumin showed that Ang 1 and Ang 2 are released in the perfusate in quantities which may account for a greater part of the intrarenal generation of Ang 2 observed in vivo . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In normotensive 5 wk old SHRSP , the adrenal renin activity was about 3 times higher than that of age matched WKY while the adrenal Ang 1 and Ang 2 concentrations did not differ from those of WKY . ^^^ In the severely hypertensive 25 wk old SHRSP , the adrenal Ang 2 and Ang 1 , and plasma aldosterone concentrations were about 5 fold , 2 fold and 4 fold , respectively , increased compared with levels in the WKY . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although some cardiovascular responses to icv ANG 1 and ANG 2 were reduced in STZ treated rats , these animals showed enhanced sensitivity to the dipsogenic effects of the peptides . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To determine and quantify peripheral vascular conversion of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) to angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) across the human leg , the response of regional blood flow to local regional intra arterial infusion of ANG 1 and change in associated ANG 2 balance were evaluated during ANG 1 infusion and following additional ACE inhibition . ^^^ Moreover , arterial ANG 2 plasma concentrations were not significantly changed by ANG 1 infusion . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Bradykinin perfusion showed an identical fingerprint of effects , whereas ANG 1 or ANG 2 perfusion aggravated postischemic reperfusion arrhythmias and induced a deterioration of cardiodynamic and metabolic events . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 2 forming activity in left ventricular ( LV ) membrane preparations was assessed by measuring the conversion of [ 125I ] angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to [ 125I ] Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Elevated ANG 2 levels in the renal interstitium , effected either through increased delivery of ANG 2 via the circulation or as a consequence of conversion of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) generated locally , can also enhance proximal reabsorption rate . ^^^ It has been observed , however , that peritubular capillary infusions of either ANG 1 or ANG 2 , at doses sufficiently low to be without obvious direct effects on glomerular dynamics , can increase the sensitivity of the TGF mechanism . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This study examined the role of angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) , kinins , and prostaglandins in the renal hemodynamic response to captopril in Munich Wistar rats in which plasma renin activity was elevated [ 18 . 8 + / 3 . 3 ng angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) . ml 1 . h 1 ] . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effects of ANG ( 1 7 ) , ANG 2 , and ANG 1 on prostaglandin ( PG ) E 2 and prostacyclin ( PGI 2 ) synthesis were investigated in neurally derived rat C 6 glioma cells . ^^^ All three ANG peptides stimulated PG release in a dose dependent manner with the order of potency ANG ( 1 7 ) greater than ANG 1 greater than ANG 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The metabolism of angiotensin ( Ang ) peptides was studied in NG 108 15 neuroblastoma 10 glioma hybrid cells which express Ang 2 receptors , renin , dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase A ( converting enzyme ) , as well as Ang 1 and Ang 2 . ^^^ In these experiments , 0 . 2 nM of either 125I Ang 1 or 125I Ang 2 was incubated with intact cell monolayers and the medium was analyzed for 125I products by high performance liquid chromatography . ^^^ The major product generated from the metabolism of labeled Ang 1 or Ang 2 was identified as the amino terminal heptapeptide Ang ( 1 7 ) . ^^^ Ang 2 was observed to be a minor product resulting from Ang 1 metabolism . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin levels measured in normal males were ( fmol / ml plasma , mean + / s . e . m . , n = 14 ) : Ang ( 1 7 ) 1 . 0 + / 0 . 2 , Ang 2 13 . 9 + / 2 . 0 , Ang ( 1 9 ) less than 0 . 4 , Ang 1 19 . 5 + / 2 . 4 , Ang ( 2 7 ) less than 1 . 1 , Ang 3 2 . 9 + / 1 . 0 , Ang ( 2 9 ) less than 2 . 1 , Ang ( 2 10 ) 2 . 4 + / 0 . 8 . ^^^ Hypertensive patients receiving angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor therapy ( n = 8 ) had an increase in Ang 1 to 187 . 3 + / 107 . 2 fmol / ml ( P = 0 . 002 ) , and a reduction in Ang 2 to 4 . 8 + / 1 . 2 fmol / ml ( P less than 0 . 001 ) . ^^^ These N terminal assays have demonstrated that carboxy truncated metabolites of Ang 1 and Ang 2 make little contribution to plasma angiotensin peptides , except during ACE inhibitor therapy . ^^^ Furthermore , these antisera allow the measurement of Ang 1 and Ang 2 in the same radioimmunoassay of fractions from HPLC , providing a highly reliable estimate of the Ang 2 : Ang 1 ratio . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cloned and cultured renin containing cells derived from rat kidney were also found to contain renin , ACE , and Ang 1 and Ang 2 . ^^^ The subcellular fractionation of renin granules from rat kidney homogenate demonstrated the presence of Ang 1 and Ang 2 in the renin granule fractions . ^^^ To study the release of Ang 1 and Ang 2 , we determined the release of these peptides from isolated rat kidney perfused with Krebs Ringer buffer at a constant pressure . ^^^ There was a positive correlation between renin secretion rate and Ang 1 secretion rate , and also between Ang 1 secretion rate and Ang 2 secretion rate . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Left ventricular developed pressure and the rate of increase in left ventricular developed pressure increased significantly ( p less than 0 . 001 ) in both the cardiomyopathic and the normal hamster heart despite concomitant reduction in myocardial flow rate favoring a direct inotropic effect of Ang 1 in both normal and myopathic hearts ; these changes were significantly higher by almost threefold in the cardiomyopathic than in the normal hamsters ( p less than 0 . 01 ) and were blocked by the angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) antagonist [ Sar 1 , Thr 8 ] Ang 2 . ^^^ Comparing dose left ventricular contractility response curves for Ang 1 and Ang 2 , ED 50 for responses was identical in both normal and myopathic hearts , whereas peak responses to Ang 2 were double those to Ang 1 in normal hearts but were almost identical in the myopathic hearts . ^^^ Binding of [ 125I ] Ang 2 in six cardiomyopathic and four normal hamster hearts was of high affinity , but there was no evidence for Ang 1 saturable high affinity binding sites . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A bolus , intravenous injection of native ANG 1 or of ANG 2 induced an immediate vasodepressor response and a subsequent vasopressor response in quail which has been lightly anesthetized with urethane ( 0 . 75 g / kg ) . ^^^ A bolus injection ( 100 micrograms / 100 g ) or infusion ( 1 micrograms / 100 g / min ) of [ Sar 1 , Ile 8 ] ANG 2 almost abolished the cardiovascular effects of ANG 1 and 2 , but [ Sar 1 , Ala 8 ] ANG 2 and [ Sar 1 , Thr 8 ] ANG 2 , which are effective inhibitors in mammals , had no inhibitory effects . ^^^ The vasopressor and depressor effects of ANG 1 were abolished , while those of ANG 2 were slightly enhanced , after injection ( 100 micrograms / 100 g ) or infusion ( 1 micrograms / 100 g / min ) of SQ 14225 , whereas des Pro 2 bradykinin and bradykinin potentiator B , which are effective inhibitors of ANG 1 converting enzyme in mammals , failed to inhibit the effect of ANG 1 . ^^^ These results indicate that vascular ANG 2 receptors and ANG 1 converting enzyme in the quail may be different from those in mammals . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Isolated , perfused rat hearts were exposed to infusions of purified hog renin ; the coronary sinus effluent was collected and subsequently assayed for angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) by high pressure liquid chromatography and specific radioimmunoassay . ^^^ Ang 2 levels measured in the perfusate reflected a mean fractional intracardiac conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 of 7 . 18 + / 1 . 09 % . ^^^ Generation of Ang 1 and Ang 2 was inhibited in the presence of specific inhibitors of renin and converting enzyme , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The electrophysiological data presented herein suggest an intrarenal extravascular conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 in the vicinity of the granular cell . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) forming enzymatic activity in the human left cardiac ventricle is minimally inhibited by angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) converting enzyme inhibitors , over 75 % of this activity is inhibited by serine proteinase inhibitors ( Urata , H . , Healy , B . , Stewart , R . ^^^ Human heart chymase has a high specificity for the conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 and the Ang 1 carboxyl terminal dipeptide His Leu ( Km = 60 microM ; Kcat = 11 , 900 min 1 ; Kcat / Km = 198 min 1 microM 1 ) . ^^^ The high substrate specificity of human heart chymase for Ang 1 distinguishes it from other Ang 2 forming enzymes including Ang 1 converting enzyme , tonin , kallikrein , cathepsin G , and other known chymases . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A microplate ELISA was established for angiotensin ( Ang ) 1 using Ang 1 peroxidase conjugate , antiAng 1 antibodies which could distinguish Ang 1 from Ang 2 and Ang 3 , and 3 , 3 ' , 5 , 5 ' tetramethylbenzidine . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| After captopril , plasma angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) levels were decreased and Ang 1 levels increased in the two groups . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ANG 1 and angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) induced a concentration dependent renal vasoconstriction ( EC 50 = 10 . 5 + / 1 . 8 10 10 ( 9 ) and 1 . 1 + / 0 . 5 10 10 ( 9 ) M , respectively ) . ^^^ Saralasin ( 10 ( 5 ) M ) totally abolished the ANG 1 induced vasoconstriction elicited in the presence of ACE inhibitors , this response being therefore linked to a generation of ANG 2 from ANG 1 . ^^^ Our results suggest that , on the isolated perfused rat kidney , ANG 2 may be formed from ANG 1 by a peptidyl dipeptidase different from the ACE . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Induction of a secondary pathway of intrarenal conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 is suggested by the latter results . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Since these structures have a deficient blood brain barrier , local conversion of circulating angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) to ANG 2 may contribute to the action of ANG 2 at these sites . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Studies were performed in normotensive volunteers and hypertensive subjects to examine the effect on forearm blood flow ( FBF ) of brachial artery infusions of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) , and ramiprilat [ the active metabolite of the angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor , ramipril ] . ^^^ Doses of ANG 1 required to produce equivalent reductions of FBF were 2 to 4 times those of ANG 2 before ramiprilat , but after ramiprilat the dose of ANG 1 required to produce equivalent constriction was increased 20 fold ( n = 6 ; p = 0 . 01 ) while that of ANG 2 was unaltered . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The conversion rate calculated from the pressor responses , and from the constricting effects of ANG 1 and ANG 2 , both in situ and in helically cut strips obtained from chronic hypertensive rats with increased vascular ACE activities , are significantly higher than those obtained from normotensive rats . ^^^ Vascular ACE , which can effectively produce ANG 2 from ANG 1 locally , appears to play an important role in the maintenance of chronic hypertension . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To investigate the influence of local cardiac converting enzyme ( CE ) inhibition on the effects of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , ANG 2 , and bradykinin ( BK ) , experiments were performed in ischemic isolated perfused working rat hearts . ^^^ Addition of ANG 1 and ANG 2 to the perfusate enhanced , whereas BK reduced postischemic reperfusion arrhythmias , which were almost abolished in the hearts from ramipril ( 1 mg / kg p . o . ) pretreated rats . ^^^ Perfusion with ANG 1 and ANG 2 reduced cardiac function and coronary flow , increased the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase in the perfusate , and decreased high energy rich phosphates and glycogen in the myocardium . ^^^ In hearts from ramipril pretreated animals , the ANG 1 effects were abolished , whereas the ANG 2 actions remained unchanged . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Local ACE inhibition in these ischemic hearts antagonized ANG 1 but not ANG 2 effects and enhanced BK effects . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Isolated perfused rat kidneys were used to investigate the effects of the addition of pure angiotensinogen or renin free plasma to the perfusate on angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) generation , renal hemodynamics , and renin release . ^^^ ANG 1 , [ des Asp 1 ] ANG 1 , ANG 2 , and [ des Asp 1 ] ANG 2 are progressively generated in the perfusate . ^^^ Comparison of the ANG 1 and ANG 2 levels in in vitro incubated perfusates and circulated perfusates shows that in plasma injected perfusates the level of immunoreactive ANG 2 is dependent on both the production of ANG 1 and its conversion to ANG 2 by renal and perfusate converting enzyme activity , and on ANG 1 and ANG 2 degradation by the kidney and the perfusate . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Reperfusion arrhythmias were aggravated by perfusion with ANG 1 and ANG 2 , but prevented by bradykinin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The vessels responded in a concentration dependent manner to synthetic tetradecapeptide ( TDP ) renin substrate , angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) , the responses to all these substances being inhibited by saralasin ( 0 . 1 mumol / l ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ANG 1 or bradykinin ( BK ) increased while captopril decreased PGI 2 generation and ACE activity of EC , whereas ANG 2 was without effect . ^^^ In rat aortic rings , ANG 1 , ANG 2 , and BK enhanced whereas captopril ( 10 ( 3 ) M ) attenuated PGI 2 generation . ^^^ These results suggest that ( a ) the conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 did not enhance PGI 2 generation in EC ; ( b ) the ANG 2 stimulated PGI 2 generation of aortic rings was partially derived by mechanical stimulation of EC , probably originating from the contraction of smooth muscle cells by ANG 2 ; ( c ) captopril directly inhibited PGI 2 generation ; and ( d ) in EC , the stimulation of PGI 2 generation by ANG 1 or BK is probably regulated by an activating effect on ACE as an autoregulatory mechanism . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Various amounts of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) or angiotensin ( Ang 2 ) were administered intravenously by constant infusion , with or without pretreatment with angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor , and the pressor response was determined . ^^^ The model was based on a linear compartment model with the following assumptions ; ( a ) there are compartments in respect to Ang 1 and 2 in the body ; ( b ) in the steady state condition , Ang 1 is produced at a constant rate ; ( c ) a part of Ang 1 is converted to Ang 2 by a first order rate process ; ( d ) Ang 1 and 2 are eliminated from the respective compartments by first order rate processes and ( e ) the relationship between mean arterial blood pressure and the amount of Ang 2 in the body can be described by Hill ' s equation with a baseline effect . ^^^ The result indicated that the pressor response to Ang 1 or Ang 2 can be described by the present model . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The results indicate that ( a ) the SFO mediates drinking caused by peripheral ACE inhibition ; ( b ) the ACE located within the SFO may locally convert ANG 1 to ANG 2 , which then stimulates thirst ; and ( c ) central ANG 2 receptors mediate thirst caused by peripheral ACE inhibition . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , its level of expression in renal vessels , especially at the glomerular level , appears to be very low in the adult human kidney , and there is evidence that the conversion of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) may be a rate limiting step in Ang 2 formation in the kidney . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These radioligand binding studies indicated a single class of binding sites with high affinity ( KD = 221 + / 54 pM ) that were saturable ( Bmax = 27 . 2 + / 1 . 6 fmol / mg protein ) and showed characteristic specificity ( SI Ang 2 greater than Ang 2 greater than Sar1Thr8 Ang 2 greater than Ang 3 greater than Ang 1 greater than des Phe 8 Ang 2 greater than des Asp 1 , Arg 2 , Val 3 pentapeptide Ang 2 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Competitive displacement of [ 125I ] ANG 2 binding by ANG agonist and antagonist analogs revealed a unique pattern of receptor specificity , with the potency rank order : [ Asn 1 , Val 5 ] ANG 2 greater than [ Asp 1 , Ile 5 ] ANG 2 greater than [ Asp 1 , Val 5 , Ser 9 ] ANG 1 = [ Asp 1 , Val 5 ] ANG 2 much greater than [ Val 5 ] ANG 3 greater than [ sarcosine ( Sar ) 1 , Ile 5 ] ANG 2 greater than [ Sar 1 , Ile 8 ] ANG 2 much greater than [ Sar 1 , Thr 8 ] ANG 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ANG 1 , ANG 2 , [ 125I ] ANG 1 and [ 125I ] ANG 2 were extracted from plasma , separated by h . p . l . c . and quantitated by radio immunoassay or gamma counting . 3 . ^^^ Measurements of arterial and venous [ 125I ] ANG 2 levels indicated that [ 125I ] ANG 1 2 conversion had occurred in the cardio pulmonary vascular bed . 5 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To test the effect of angiotensin ( Ang ) on prorenin / ' ' convertase ' ' regulation , we infused Ang 1 ( 100 ng / kg / min ) intraperitoneally for 24 hours and obtained evidence of `` convertase ' ' inhibition , as happened also following Ang 2 ( 2uM ) addition to incubated cortical slices . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These peptides were partially purified from cell homogenates by ion exchange chromatography and identified as being [ Ile 5 ] angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , [ Ile 5 ] angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and to a lesser extent [ Ile 4 ] angiotensin 3 ( Ang 3 ) using high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The rank order potency of 125I SARILE binding was the following : [ Sarc 1 ] Ang 2 = [ Sarc 1 , Ile 8 ] Ang 2 greater than Ang 2 greater than Ang 3 = [ Sarc 1 , Thr 8 ] Ang 2 much greater than Ang 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A combination of HPLC with specific radioimmunoassays for Ang 1 and Ang 2 was utilized to demonstrate that rat brain cells in culture devoid of the influence of the peripheral RAS were able to synthesize radioactively labeled Ang 1 and Ang 2 after incubation with [ 3H ] isoleucine . ^^^ And , finally , an HPLC system capable of separating Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and its metabolites was used to obtain insight into the degradation pattern of angiotensin peptides in the brain . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The amino terminal angiotensin heptapeptide , Asp Arg Val Tyr Ile His Pro [ ANG ( 1 7 ) ] , is the major product formed during incubation of 125I labeled ANG 1 or 125I labeled ANG 2 with homogenates obtained from canine dorsomedial medulla oblongata . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In extracts from the rat hypothalamus , approximately equimolar amounts of Ang ( 1 7 ) , Ang 2 , and Ang 1 were detected ( 1 . 10 , 1 . 18 , and 1 . 45 pmol / g of tissue , respectively ) . ^^^ In the adrenal gland , the predominant peptide was Ang 2 ( 1 . 07 pmol / g ) ; levels of Ang ( 1 7 ) ( 0 . 19 pmol / g ) and Ang 1 ( 0 . 14 pmol / g ) were approximately 20 % that of Ang 2 . ^^^ In plasma , the major angiotensin was Ang 1 ( 0 . 13 pmol / ml ) , with lower levels of Ang ( 1 7 ) and Ang 2 ( 0 . 01 0 . 02 pmol / ml ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Extraction and combined high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) / radioimmunoassay analysis of hindlimb perfusate showed a spontaneous release of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ; 5 . 0 + / 3 . 4 fmol / h ) and angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ; 31 . 8 + / 7 . 9 fmol / h ) . ^^^ Angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibition with captopril abolished Ang 2 release while Ang 1 levels increased more than 10 fold . ^^^ The renin inhibitor H 142 abolished all effects of renin whereas ACE inhibition prevented Ang 2 formation and vasoconstriction but increased Ang 1 levels . ^^^ Metabolism and pressor effects of synthetic tetradecapeptide renin substrate ( TDP ) , Ang 1 and Ang 2 were studied using a recirculating rat hindlimb perfusion system . ^^^ TDP dependent formation of Ang 1 and 2 , and an increase in perfusion pressure was shown ; ACE inhibition reduced but did not abolish Ang 2 formation and vasoconstriction . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Identical falls were found for plasma ANG 2 ( 72 % and 94 % , respectively ) and ANG 1 and ANG 2 were well correlated ( r = 0 . 91 , P less than . 001 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Systemic and pulmonary vascular reactivity to graded doses of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) , and , as a control , phenylephrine were examined in 14 or 28 day hypoxia exposed and air control rats . ^^^ Systemic pressor responses to ANG 1 and ANG 2 were significantly less in the hypoxic rats than in the control rats at 14 and 28 days but returned to control levels in hypoxic animals that were then returned to room air , demonstrating reversibility of the hypoxia induced changes in vascular reactivity . ^^^ Pulmonary pressor responses to ANG 1 were significantly less at 14 days , whereas responses to ANG 2 were significantly greater at 28 days , in hypoxic rats than in controls . ^^^ The altered systemic and pulmonary pressor responsiveness to ANG 1 and ANG 2 in hypoxic rats is probably related to mechanisms specific to the renin angiotensin system , such as inhibition of intrapulmonary angiotensin converting enzyme activity and down regulation of ANG 2 receptors in the systemic circulation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Their vasoconstrictor activities were found to be about 80 times less than that of ANG 1 , and were not altered by the CEI enalaprilat , indicating that tonin like enzymes do not play a role in the generation of ANG 2 by the arterial wall . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This hypothesis was investigated by the topical application of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , Ang 2 , the Ang 2 antagonist [ Sar 1 , Thr 8 ] Ang 2 , and the Ang 1 converting enzyme inhibitor MK 422 to a restricted region of the ventral medullary surface known as the glycine sensitive area . ^^^ Both Ang 1 ( 100 pmol ) and Ang 2 ( 100 pmol ) produced significant ( p less than 0 . 01 ) increases in blood pressure ( +20 + / 4 and +31 + / 5 mm Hg , respectively ) that were associated with no change in heart rate . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The results suggest that CGP 29287 prevents in vitro generation of ANG 1 and ANG 2 as well as the ANG metabolites . ^^^ Thus , it is now possible to measure reliably both ANG 1 and ANG 2 within the same plasma extract after a simple extraction procedure . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we examined the effect of indomethacin and meclofenamate on immunoreactive angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and immunoreactive Ang 2 release from perfused rat hind leg vasculature to delineate the possible relevance of prostaglandins to the vascular renin angiotensin system in vitro . ^^^ Indomethacin and meclofenamate ( 10 ( 8 ) to 2 10 10 ( 6 ) M ) added to the perfusion medium suppressed immunoreactive Ang 1 and 2 release to similar extents in a dose dependent manner ( p less than 0 . 001 ) ; the maximal percent inhibition of immunoreactive Ang 2 release evoked by these inhibitors ( 2 10 10 ( 6 ) M ) was 60 + / 6 % ( p less than 0 . 001 ) for indomethacin and 50 + / 4 % ( p less than 0 . 001 ) for meclofenamate . ^^^ There was a highly significant positive correlation between the released amount of immunoreactive Ang 1 and that of immunoreactive Ang 2 altered by indomethacin ( r = 0 . 91 ) , meclofenamate ( r = 0 . 94 ) , or propranolol administration ( r = 0 . 90 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| After preincubation with enalaprilat , which inhibited the conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 by 80 % , the contractile response to ANG 1 ( 10 ( 8 ) to 10 ( 6 ) mol / l ) was significantly greater in aortae which were endothelium denuded compared with endothelium intact segments . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This depolarizing response was utilized to assess changes in ANG 2 concentration in the vicinity of JGECs in order to test whether ANG 2 is generated from ANG 1 and artificial renin substrate ( ARS ) in this preparation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In isolated working rat hearts perfusion with ANG 1 and ANG 2 reduced cardiac function and coronary flow , increased the activities of lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) and creatine kinase ( CK ) in the perfusate , decreased high energy rich phosphates and glycogen in the myocardium and increased duration and incidence of post ischemic reperfusion arrhythmias . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We conclude , that the formation of ANG 1 and its activation to angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) by converting enzyme is possible in synaptosomes . ^^^ This adds further evidence to an intraneuronal synthesis of ANG 1 and ANG 2 in the brain and is in support of previous results demonstrating an intraneuronal localization of the components of the brain renin angiotensin system . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The CE inhibitors ramipril ( HOE 498 ) 1 mg / kg and enalapril ( MK 421 ) 30 mg / kg given orally 1 h prior to killing of the animals inhibited the ANG 1 effects and potentiated the BK effects but had no effects on the action of ANG 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effects of exposing rats to hypoxia at normal atmospheric pressure for periods of 21 24 days on intrapulmonary conversion of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) to angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) were examined using an isolated rat lung preparation perfused at constant flow . 125I ANG 1 ( 160 fmol ) was injected alone and with graded doses ( 0 . 1 , 1 . 0 , and 100 nmol ) of unlabeled ANG 1 into the pulmonary artery , and the effluent was collected for measurement of ANG 1 , ANG 2 , and metabolites . ^^^ At low doses of injected ANG 1 ( 125I ANG 1 alone or with 0 . 1 or 1 . 0 nmol unlabeled ANG 1 ) , the percent conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 was 67 . 5 + / 2 . 1 ( SE ) , 65 . 1 + / 2 . 0 , and 62 . 5 + / 1 . 6 in 21 day hypoxia exposed animals and 83 . 8 + / 2 . 7 , 81 . 4 + / 3 . 9 , and 79 . 6 + / 2 . 3 ( P less than 0 . 01 ) in control rats maintained under normoxic conditions . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effects of exposing rats to hypoxia ( 10 % O 2 ) at normal atmospheric pressure for periods of 14 or 28 days on angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) activity and stores of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) in lung , kidney , brain , and testis were examined . ^^^ Adaptation to chronic hypoxia did not significantly alter plasma renin activity or ANG 1 or ANG 2 levels or serum ACE content . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ANG 2 appears to be synthesized from ANG 1 via ANG converting enzyme in the primate arteries ; the octapeptide potentiates the contraction caused by adrenergic nerve stimulation , possibly due to prejunctional ANG receptor activation and increased norepinephrine release . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The production of angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) from ANG 1 was significantly greater in isolated arteries from 8 month hypertensive dogs than in those from normotensive dogs when assessed by the contractile responses to ANG 1 and ANG 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Intracranial captopril inhibited renin and ANG 1 induced but not ANG 2 induced drinking . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using in vitro and in vivo techniques , we showed that Ang ( 1 7 ) is processed from Ang 1 in amounts equal to or greater than Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Following intravenous infusion , angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) , and angiotensin 3 ( ANG 3 ) enhance Na and water absorption across the jejunum by increasing sympathetic nerve activity . ^^^ Thus ANG 1 must first be converted to ANG 2 to stimulate jejunal absorption . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The CE inhibitor induced changes in parameters of the plasma renin angiotensin system [ angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) , PRC and CE activity ] followed the expected pattern , but were not quantitatively related to the antihypertensive action of the three CE inhibitors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated the effects of inhibition of angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) formation with an ANG 1 converting enzyme inhibitor , namely Enalapril , on circulating levels of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Proximal tubular reabsorption , stop flow pressure ( SFP ) , and single nephron glomerular filtration rate ( SNGFR ) were measured in the absence of and during infusion of an isotonic saline solution containing either angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ; 10 ( 6 ) to 10 ( 5 ) M ) or angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ; 10 ( 9 ) to 10 ( 7 ) M ) into an adjacent peritubular capillary at a rate of 20 nl / min . ^^^ Dilution of the infused ANG 1 and ANG 2 occurred in the peritubular capillary blood and as the peptides diffused into the interstitium . ^^^ Infusion of either 10 ( 7 ) M ANG 2 or 10 ( 5 ) M ANG 1 increased proximal fractional fluid reabsorption ( FRH2O ) and decreased both SFP and SNGFR . ^^^ Similarly , peritubular infusion at lower concentrations of either ANG 2 ( 10 ( 9 ) or 10 ( 8 ) M ) or ANG 1 ( 10 ( 6 ) M ) did not alter FRH2O , SFP , or SNGFR . ^^^ These data indicate that conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 can occur in the peritubular capillary or interstitial environment and that increases above the normal endogenous levels in the postglomerular interstitial ANG 2 concentration can enhance proximal tubular reabsorption and increase preglomerular resistance and thereby reduce SNGFR . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The results of pharmacological evaluation of various position 7 substituted analogues were as follows : 1 ) Replacement of proline in position 7 of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and Ang 2 with primary amino acids produced cardiac specific , positive inotropic properties . 2 ) The selectivity of positive cardiac inotropic activity of position 7 substituted analogues of Ang 2 was dependent upon the nature of the amino acid in position 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The same hamster cheek pouch microvessels were tested for angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) reactivity before and 10 to 14 days after Grollman ( two kidney , one figure 8 ) or sham operation . ^^^ Then maximal vasoconstrictions to Ang 1 or Ang 2 were measured : Ang 1 and Ang 2 were applied adjacent to arterioles ( 10 ( 2 ) 10 ( 0 ) pmol ) and venules ( 10 ( 1 ) pmol ) in 10 microliter aliquots for 1 minute . ^^^ Conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 ( response to Ang 1 divided by response to Ang 2 ) for first order and Third order arterioles and third order venules was 74 + / 5 , 79 + / 3 , and 72 + / 6 % , respectively , and was unaltered in renovascular hypertensive hamsters . ^^^ Although vessel geometry was not altered , there was a significant shift to the left of the Ang 1 and Ang 2 dose response curves of first order and third order arterioles , indicating increased sensitivity to these vasoconstrictors . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Selectivity for the carboxy terminus of angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and the high affinity of antibodies are prerequisites for clinical assays that evaluate Ang 2 in the presence of Ang 1 . ^^^ Cross reactivities , taking the reactivity with Ang 2 as 1 . 00 are : Ang 1 0 . 003 , Ang ( 1 7 ) 0 . 00001 , Ang 3 1 . 05 , Ang ( 3 8 ) 0 . 88 and Ang ( 4 8 ) 0 . 75 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The authors previously reported a new syndrome , angiotensin converting enzyme dysfunction syndrome ( ACEDS ) , which is clinically characterized by mild systemic hypertension , a hypokalemic alkalosis , and hyperreninism with a high concentration of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , a normal angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) value , and a normal aldosterone level . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| High performance liquid chromatography clearly demonstrated the presence of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , and a small amount of angiotensin 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It is suggested that the elevated plasma ANG 1 concentration achieved after blockade of ACE was converted into ANG 2 approximately 50 min after SQ 14225 injections ( 4 . 0 g / fish ) , when the injected SQ 14225 was effectively metabolized . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Isolated rat hindlegs were perfused with Krebs Ringer solution and released angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) and ANG 2 were determined . ^^^ The release of ANG 1 and ANG 2 in nephrectomized rats did not differ from those in control group . ^^^ Pretreatment with captopril ( 50 mg / kg / day ) for 3 days or addition of captopril ( 2 10 10 ( 6 ) M ) to the perfusate induced increase in ANG 1 release and decrease in ANG 2 release . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To test this view , we investigated the effects of vasopressin , Ang 2 , norepinephrine , and the vasopressin V 1 receptor antagonist d ( CH 2 ) 5Tyr ( Me ) AVP on mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate with and without ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium and angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) converting enzyme inhibition with MK 421 in pentobarbital anesthetized rats made hypertensive by treatment with dexamethasone ( 1 . 8 mg / kg / wk for 14 days ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The order of binding inhibition potencies of ANG analogues was [ Sar 1 , Ile 8 ] ANG 2 much greater than [ Sar 1 , Ala 8 ] ANG 2 = ANG 2 = ANG 3 much greater than ANG 1 , which is consistent with in vivo observations of the effects of these analogues on renal blood flow . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Stop flow pressure ( SFP ) feedback responses to step increases in late proximal perfusion rate were obtained during control conditions and during simultaneous peritubular capillary infusion of either angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) or ANG 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The use of the ion pair solvent heptafluorobutyric acid in gradient HPLC achieves baseline resolution of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and the C terminal fragments des [ Asp 1 ] Ang 1 , des [ Asp 1 ] Ang 2 , des [ Asp 1 , Arg 2 ] Ang 2 and des [ Asp 1 , Arg 2 , Val 3 ] Ang 2 in approximately 25 min . ^^^ Ang 1 and Ang 2 were shown to be the major immunoreactive Ang components in plasma , and Ang 2 , des [ Asp 1 , Arg 2 ] Ang 2 and des [ Asp 1 , Arg 2 , Val 3 ] Ang 2 in CSF . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The rank order of potency of 125I Ang 2 binding was as follows : Ang 2 = [ sarcosine 1 , Ala 8 ] Ang 2 greater than [ sarcosine 1 , Ile 8 ] Ang 2 much greater than Ang 3 greater than Ang 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Retention and metabolism of ANG 1 to angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) and their constituent 1 4 peptide by the gill were examined using an isolated perfused arch preparation in which outflow from the respiratory and central filamental ( venous ) pathways was separated . ^^^ The gill respiratory pathway converts ANG 1 to ANG 2 whereas the venous pathway metabolizes either ANG 1 or 2 to the 1 4 peptide and other metabolites . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we demonstrated the presence of immunoreactive ( ir ) ANG 1 and ANG 2 in various human tissues by RIA . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The residual action of ANG 1 in the presence of high concentrations of SA 446 could be abolished by ( Sar 1 , Ala 8 ) ANG 2 . ^^^ Vascular strips and crude extracts of vessels and lungs possessed the enzymic activity generating ANG 2 from ANG 1 , or hippuric acid from hippuryl histidyl leucine ( HHL ) . ^^^ Combined treatment with SA 446 ( 10 ( 5 ) mol / l ) and chymostatin ( 2 . 5 10 10 ( 5 ) mol / l ) abolished the vascular action of ANG 1 but did not alter the action of ANG 2 . ^^^ These results strongly suggest that besides the ANG 1 converting enzyme , another enzyme which generates ANG 2 is present in vascular tissues and lungs , and may play an important role in the local generation of ANG 2 , which possibly regulates the regional vascular tone . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The significantly greater accumulation of ANG 1 and reduction of ANG 2 in stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive Wistar Kyoto rats ( WKY ) indicates a higher synthesis and turnover rate of ANG 2 in SHR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This study suggests that CEI exerts it ' s effect in part by inhibiting conversion of ANG 1 to angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) , but this ca n ' t exclude other mechanisms . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Fixation conditions were critical for the visualization of immunoreactivity With ang 1 antisera , comparable in terms of titer and affinity to the ang 2 antisera , specific immunoreactivity could not be found in the kidneys of rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effect of captopril on in vitro production of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , [ Val 5 ] angiotensin 2 ( [ Val 5 ] ANG 2 ) and [ Val 4 ] angiotensin 3 ( [ Val 5 ] ANG ( 2 8 ) ) in central venous blood taken from sodium deficient sheep was studied . 2 . ^^^ Captopril enhances in vitro production of ANG 1 but blocks the in vitro production of [ Val 5 ] ANG 2 and [ Val 5 ] ANG ( 2 8 ) . 3 . ^^^ The production of ANG 1 in blood is faster than that of [ Val 5 ] ANG 2 and [ Val 5 ] ANG ( 2 8 ) . 4 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We report here on the extraction and characterization of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) from the brain of rats . ^^^ High pressure liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) with different mobile phases combined with specific radioimmunoassays ( RIA ) proved to be a powerful tool for peptide characterization in biological samples ; ( Ile 5 ) ANG 1 , ( Ile 5 ) ANG 2 and ( Ile 5 ) ANG 3 could clearly be identified in cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) , incubated in vivo and in vitro with renin , in total brain extracts , as well as in hypothalamus ( HT ) , medulla oblongata ( MO ) , cerebellum ( CER ) and cortex ( CO ) . ^^^ ANG 1 and ANG 2 were highest in the HT and lowest in the CO . ^^^ Following bilateral nephrectomy ( NX ) both ANG 1 and ANG 2 persisted at control levels . ^^^ Young 10 week old spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHRSP ) showed significantly lower ANG 1 and ANG 2 concentrations in the HT compared with Wistar Kyoto rats ( WKY ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Blood pressure , heart rate , plasma converting enzyme activity , angiotension 1 ( Ang 1 ) , Ang 2 and aldosterone were measured before and 2 , 4 and 6 h after the morning dose of enalapril . ^^^ After enalapril administration , there was no correlation between plasma Ang 1 and Ang 2 suggesting that blockade of Ang 2 generation was complete , excluding the possibility of Ang 1 related interference with the Ang 2 measurements . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Intrarenal conversion of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) to angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) under conditions of normal and reduced renal blood flow ( RBF ) elicited by constriction of the renal artery was examined in pentobarbital anesthetized dogs . ^^^ In eight animals , tracer doses of 125I ANG 1 ( 5 12 pmol ) were injected into the renal artery and 125I ANG 1 , 125I ANG 2 , and 125I labeled metabolites were measured in renal venous effluent by high voltage paper electrophoresis . ^^^ The mean conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 during a single passage through the kidney was 21 . 8 + / 2 . 1 % at control RBF . ^^^ Although there were severalfold increases in renal renin secretion rate and net ANG 1 generation rate during reduced RBF , net renal ANG 2 formation rate did not change significantly . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Experiments were performed in 14 pentobarbital anesthetized dogs to 1 ) determine if the hepatic arterial vasoconstrictor effects of [ des Asp 1 ] angiotensin 1 [ ( des Asp 1 ] ANG 1 ) were due to its local conversion to angiotensin 3 ( ANG 3 ) and 2 ) to evaluate the magnitude of conversion of ANG 1 to angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) and of [ des Asp 1 ] ANG 1 to ANG 3 in the hepatic arterial vascular bed . ^^^ ANG 1 and [ des Asp 1 ] ANG 1 were equipotent at all doses tested , as were ANG 2 and 3 . ^^^ At all doses tested , ANG 2 and 3 were approximately three times more potent than ANG 1 and [ des Asp 1 ] ANG 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The relative binding potencies for angiotensin 2 and analogues were : [ Sar 1 , Thr 8 ] ANG 2 greater than ANG 2 greater than ANG 3 greater than [ Sar 1 , Ala 8 ] ANG 2 greater than ANG 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) and ANG 2 stimulated the release of beta END , the ANG 1 effects being inhibited by addition of the converting enzyme inhibitor captopril . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The pressor response in anesthetized turtles to ANG 1 was significantly reduced by captopril , whereas the ANG 2 response remained unchanged , thus demonstrating the presence of ANG converting enzyme activity in these animals . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| At 15 min after renin injections cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) concentrations of ANG 1 and ANG 2 were markedly and equally increased in a dose dependent manner in the indomethacin treated and in the untreated groups . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the present study , regional vascular resistance responses to carotid and abdominal aortic infusions of ANG 2 and angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) were compared in conscious unrestrained rats . ^^^ Unlike ANG 2 , carotid and aortic infusions of ANG 1 produced equivalent regional vasoconstrictor responses not affected by central saralasin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Apparently monospecific antisera against the decapeptide angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) have been analyzed for their crossreactivity to the octapeptide angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) . ^^^ Whereas in the conventional displacement reaction of labeled ANG 1 by ANG 2 crossreactivities were in the order of 0 . 01 % , the direct binding assay revealed crossreactivities of up to 20 % . ^^^ Both labeled ANG 1 and ANG 2 can be displaced completely from the antibody by an excess of either ANG 1 or ANG 2 . ^^^ A similar relationship was seen with respect to the crossreactivity of ANG 2 antisera to ANG 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Experiments were conducted in anesthetized dogs to evaluate the differences between the effects of intrarenal conversion of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) to angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) and those of circulating ANG 2 on renal blood flow ( RBF ) , glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) , peritubular capillary pressure ( PCP ) , proximal tubular free flow pressure ( PTP ) , and stop flow pressure ( SFP ) . ^^^ Equiconstrictor doses of ANG 1 and ANG 2 were infused into the renal arteries of dogs kept on normal and high sodium diets . ^^^ In clearance experiments , RBF decreased by 23 % ( low dose ) and 33 % ( high dose ) during the infusion of either ANG 1 or ANG 2 ; GFR was significantly reduced only during the ANG 1 infusion . ^^^ Afferent and efferent arteriolar resistances increased significantly during ANG 1 infusion as well as during infusion of ANG 2 . ^^^ These results indicate that during intra arterial infusion of ANG 1 , the conversion to ANG 2 within the kidney occurs early enough to decrease glomerular filtration rate through an apparent increase in preglomerular resistance . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) concentrations were low in CSF , while ANG 2 levels were comparable to those measured in plasma under control conditions . ^^^ Neither ANG 1 nor ANG 2 penetrated from the blood into the brain ventricles of rats , provided that no unrealistically high doses of ANG 2 were administered intravenously . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Paper chromatography showed that the ANG 2 immunoreactive material measured with antiserum 9 / P was not ANG 1 , ANG 2 , ANG 2 ( 2 8 ) , ANG 2 ( 3 8 ) or ANG 2 ( 4 8 ) . 5 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The acute effects of a single oral dose of captopril on blood pressure , pulse rate and circulating levels of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) , renin , bradykinin and catecholamines were studied in three groups : eight normal subjects , six salt depleted normal subjects and 16 patients with essential hypertension . 2 . ^^^ Hormonal responses to captopril were qualitatively similar in the three groups and consisted of significant falls in ANG 2 with corresponding increases in ANG 1 and plasma renin concentration . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Forearm blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography during sequential infusions of ANG 1 , ANG 2 , and bradykinin into the brachial artery 4 6 h after dosing . ^^^ Analysis of variance for repeated measures indicated that losartan inhibited constriction to ANG 1 and ANG 2 ( both p < 0 . 02 ) in a dose dependent manner without significantly influencing vasodilator responses to bradykinin . ^^^ In human forearm vasculature , oral losartan ( 20 100 mg ) inhibits vasoconstriction to ANG 1 and ANG 2 without significantly influencing bradykinin induced vasodilation , whereas enalapril selectively inhibits ANG 1 induced vasoconstriction while potentiating the vasodilator effect of bradykinin . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , ANG 2 , ANG 3 and C terminal hexa , penta , tetra and tripeptide stimulated water intake in water replete rats and induced significant pressor responses . ^^^ In both paradigms the most active peptides ( in the pmol range ) were ANG 2 , ANG 1 and ANG 3 , in that order . ^^^ Drinking induced by both ANG 1 and ANG ( 4 8 ) was antagonized by the ANG 2 receptor blocking agent Sar 1 Ala8 ANG 2 . ^^^ It is concluded that conversion of ANG 1 into ANG 2 is a prerequisite for the expression of the observed biological activity in the brain . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Vasopressor and depressor properties of angiotensins ( ANG ) were characterized in the anesthetized , adult female chicken Gallus gallus . [ Asp 1 , Val 5 , Ser 9 ] ANG 1 and [ Asp 1 , Val 5 ] ANG 2 ( native fowl angiotensins ) increased blood pressure , and removal or replacement of the amino acid in position 1 decreased pressor potency . ^^^ The pressor effect of [ Asp 1 , Val 5 ] ANG 2 was inhibited nearly completely with [ Sar 1 , Ile 8 ] ANG 2 ( 5 micrograms . kg 1 . min 1 ) and partially with [ Sar 1 , Thr 8 ] ANG 2 , [ Ile 8 ] ANG 3 , and [ Ile 8 ] ANG 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Bioassay studies have indicated that angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , but not angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , is degraded by the intact lung . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| After immunotherapy , the values for renin , ANG 1 and ANG 2 were similar to the values found in healthy non allergic controls . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| At the protein level , the percentage of myocytes containing renin , ANG 1 , and ANG 2 was significantly increased in the overloaded heart . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| HPLC analysis of heart perfusate showed that 125I Ang 1 was metabolized extensively ( single passage ) in the rat coronary circulation in vitro leading to the formation of the biologically active angiotensins : angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , Ang ( 2 8 ) , Ang ( 3 8 ) and Ang ( 1 7 ) . ^^^ When 125I Ang 1 was perfused in the presence of ACE inhibitors ( enalaprilat , ramiprilat ) in concentrations up to 130 microM , the formation of Ang 2 was only partially inhibited ( approximately 50 % ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The contractions to angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ; 10 ( 7 ) M ) were markedly inhibited by enalaprilat ( 10 ( 7 ) M ) in SV ( control : 34 + / 6 % of 100 mM KCl ; treatment : 18 + / 6 % ; n = 7 ; p < 0 . 05 ) but not in IMA ( control : 33 + / 4 % ; treatment : 30 + / 6 % ; n = 7 ; NS ) and abolished by the Ang 2 receptor antagonist DuP 753 ( 10 ( 7 ) M ) in both blood vessels . ^^^ Ang 2 ( 10 ( 7 ) M ) induced more pronounced contractions than Ang 1 in IMA ( 63 + / 4 % ) and SV ( 63 + / 5 % ; n = 5 6 ; p < 0 . 05 vs . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| HUK released ANG 2 not only from ANG 1 but also directly from both AOGEN and 13RS at an optimum pH of 7 . 0 . ^^^ The amount of generated ANG 2 from 7 . 5 nmol of each of the three substrates at pH 7 . 0 was as follows : ANG 1 , 292 . 7 + / 67 . 2 ; 13 RS , 1951 . 7 + / 239 . 6 ; AOGEN , 2 . 2 + / 0 . 3 ( pmol / 3h , n = 3 mean + / SE ) . ^^^ These results suggest that HUK is a part of the `` kinintensin system ' ' , i . e . , HUK can not only release kinins , but can also generate ANG 2 mainly through ANG 1 conversion and from AOGEN , the latter being a minor source of ANG 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We measured angiotensin ( 1 7 ) [ Ang ( 1 7 ) ] , Ang 2 , and Ang 1 in plasma , kidney , adrenal , heart , aorta , brown adipose tissue , lung , and brain of male SHR and normotensive Donryu rats at 6 , 10 , and 20 weeks of age . ^^^ Although plasma angiotensin converting enzyme activity was lower in SHR than in Donryu rats , lung was the only SHR tissue with a reduced Ang 2 Ang 1 ratio . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although larger forms of angiotensin ( i . e . , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Ang 3 ) are capable of inducing PAI 1 expression , this property is lost in the presence of converting enzyme or aminopeptidase inhibitors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In separate experiments aimed at the quantification of renin induced vasoconstriction , captopril decreased the perfusion pressure and lowered Ang 2 concentrations to nondetectable levels , whereas Ang 1 values increased sharply . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This intermittent partial `` escape ' ' is explained either by a renin mediated reactive rise in plasma Ang 1 or by non ACE dependent Ang 2 generation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 2 and its precursor Ang 1 ( both 0 . 01 to 1 mumol / L ) enhanced stimulation induced outflow of radioactivity in a concentration dependent manner , with EC 50 values of 0 . 03 and 0 . 05 mumol / L , respectively . ^^^ The enhancement by Ang 1 but not that by Ang 2 was inhibited by the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril ( 3 mumol / L ) . ^^^ The concentration response curves of Ang 1 and Ang 2 were shifted to the right by EXP 3174 ( 0 . 01 mumol ) , the in vitro active form of the Ang 2 type 1 receptor antagonist losartan , with affinity estimates of 8 . 72 and 9 . 30 , respectively . ^^^ A higher concentration of EXP 3174 ( 0 . 1 mumol / L ) abolished the facilitatory effects of Ang 1 and Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The fractional conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 , calculated after separation of angiotensin peptides by HPLC , was 0 . 415 + / 0 . 104 ( n = 5 , mean + / SD ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The results of these studies , which employed the aortic banded rat model of cardiac hypertrophy , indicate that the intracardiac conversion of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) is significantly increase in hypertrophied hearts compared with hearts from age matched , sham operated controls , and that Ang 2 may have a direct effect of slowing relaxation and altering diastolic tone in the hypertrophied heart . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma Ang 1 and Ang 2 concentrations closely paralleled each other . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In spite of no inhibition of plasma Ang 2 , the pressor response to intravenous Ang 1 was still suppressed after captopril treatment . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Measurements were made at baseline and after [ Pro11DAla12 ] Ang 1 , a specific substrate for human chymase , was given in consecutive fashion as a 0 . 1 mg bolus , an hour long intravenous infusion of 5 mg , a 3 mg bolus , and after 5 mg of an Ang 2 receptor antagonist . [ Pro11DAla12 ] Ang 1 significantly increased LV systolic and diastolic pressure , LV end diastolic and end systolic dimensions and the time constant of LV relaxation and significantly decreased LV fractional shortening and wall thickening . ^^^ Thus , in primates , Ang 1 is converted into Ang 2 by an enzyme with chymase like activity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 1 infusion rates of 4 , 8 , 16 , and 32 pmol / kg / min caused gradual increments in plasma Ang 1 ( maximal change from 26 + / 18 to 578 + / 120 pmol / liter , P < 0 . 05 ) and , despite treatment with enalapril , also of Ang 2 ( from 3 + / 1 to 29 + / 5 pmol / liter , P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ Infusions of Ang 2 at 1 and 4 pmol / kg / min in the same subjects caused comparable increments in plasma Ang 2 and had similar physiological effects as found during the Ang 1 infusion . ^^^ Analysis of covariance of the changes in plasma Ang 2 and each of the measured variables revealed no differences between Ang 1 and Ang 2 infusions . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We previously reported that angiotensin ( 1 7 ) [ Ang ( 1 7 ) ] , a heptapeptide derived from the metabolism of either Ang 1 or Ang 2 , was biologically active in the rat isolated kidney , producing a marked diuresis and natriuresis that could be dissociated from the modest increase in glomerular filtration rate . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS AND RESULTS : Twenty four normotensive male volunteers homozygous for the ACE I / D polymorphism ( 12 DD and 12 2 ) received a renin inhibitor infusion ( remikiren 0 . 1 mg . kg 1 . h 1 for 130 minutes ) to suppress endogenous Ang 1 and Ang 2 production . ^^^ Remikiren suppressed plasma Ang 1 and Ang 2 , increased plasma active renin ( from 23 + / 12 to 154 + / 161 pg / mL ) , decreased plasma aldosterone ( from 106 + / 42 to 82 + / 33 pg / mL ) , and slightly decreased diastolic blood pressure ( from 2 . 4 + / 2 . 7 mm Hg ) . ^^^ The blood pressure and hormonal responses to Ang 1 infusion after renin inhibition and the slope of the rise in plasma Ang 2 with increasing Ang 1 dose were identical in both groups , as was the plasma Ang I / Ang 2 ratio before ( DD , 2 . 09 + / 1 . 04 ; 2 , 2 . 59 + / 0 . 76 ) and after ( DD , 0 . 15 + / 0 . 13 ; 2 , 0 . 09 + / 0 . 03 ) combined renin inhibitor and Ang 1 infusion . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Despite its association with a major difference in plasma ACE levels , the ACE I / D polymorphism did not influence the Ang 2 and plasma aldosterone production , plasma active renin decrease , or diastolic blood pressure increase induced by exogenous Ang 1 infusion , suggesting that ACE has no limiting influence on systemic Ang 2 generation and effects under these experimental conditions . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored by an automated oscillometric device , and blood samples were obtained for active renin , total renin , plasma renin activity , angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , Ang 2 , aldosterone , and plasma zankiren concentration . ^^^ Satisfactory absorption of zankiren HCl was demonstrated by the results of plasma drug concentration determinations , and renin inhibitory activity was confirmed by dose related suppression of plasma renin activity , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and aldosterone and increases in plasma active renin concentration . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , Ang 2 , angiotensinogen , and renin are formed locally in the vasculature . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , significantly positive correlation was found between the ventricular Ang 2 and V / Bwt ( r = 0 . 7721 , P < 0 . 001 ) , while the plasma Ang 1 and 2 and PRA remained at the control level . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ten normotensive men with the DD genotype and 10 with the 2 genotype participated in a study in which pressor responses to stepwise infusions of incremental doses of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and Ang 2 and Ang 2 production during Ang 1 infusion were measured . ^^^ The PD 20 for Ang 1 in subjects with the DD genotype was significantly lower than that in 2 genotype subjects ( 8 . 8 versus 14 . 8 ng / kg per minute , P = . 0091 ) , whereas the PD 20 for Ang 2 between the two groups did not differ significantly . ^^^ The ratio of PD 20 for Ang 1 and Ang 2 in DD subjects was significantly lower than that in 2 subjects ( 0 . 85 versus 0 . 96 , P = . 0452 ) , and the venous levels of Ang 2 during Ang 1 infusion in DD subjects were significantly higher than those in 2 subjects ( P < . 01 ) . ^^^ Our study has shown increased pressor responsiveness to Ang 1 , probably as a consequence of the generation of increased Ang 2 levels , in subjects homozygous for the DD allele of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To examine whether urinary angiotensin ( ANG ) 1 and 2 excretion responds to changes in plasma ANG 1 and ANG 2 , ANG 1 or ANG 2 was infused in seven healthy subjects pretreated with a 340 mmol sodium diet and 20 mg of enalapril twice daily . ^^^ Infusion rates were 4 , 8 , 16 , and 32 pmol / kg per minute for ANG 1 and 1 , 4 , and 8 pmol / kg per minute for ANG 2 . ^^^ Baseline ANG 1 and ANG 2 excretions averaged 10 and 20 fmol / min , respectively , which is approximately 0 . 3 and 5 % of the filtered loads . ^^^ Similarly , the 30 fold increase in plasma ANG 2 during ANG 2 infusion was not followed by an increase in ANG 2 excretion , but in fact by a decrease in urinary ANG 1 and ANG 2 . ^^^ In a separate study , urinary ANG 1 and ANG 2 were measured before and after the oral administration of 20 mg of enalapril in eight healthy volunteers taking 400 , 200 , or 20 mmol of NaCl daily . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Pulmonary vasoconstrictor responses to angiotensin ( ANG ) 4 , the 3 8 amino acid fragment of ANG 2 , were compared with responses to ANG 1 , ANG 2 , and ANG 3 and to other vasoactive peptides in the isolated blood perfused rat lung . ^^^ In terms of relative activity , ANG 4 was similar in potency to bradykinin and serotonin but was approximately 100 fold less potent than ANG 1 , ANG 2 , and ANG 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : Levels of immunoreactivity and enzymatic activity in various human tissues were evaluated respectively by Western blot analysis and by an enzymatic assay for Ang 2 forming activity from Ang 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The extracts contained radioactive material which eluted from a Bio Sil TSK 125 gel filtration column in the low molecular weight range with the same retention time as synthetic angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) or angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) . ^^^ The extracted radioactive material also bound to anti ANG 1 and anti ANG 2 antibodies . ^^^ However , excess of unlabeled synthetic ANG 1 or ANG 2 failed to displace the bound radioactivity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 2 ( 10 ( 8 ) to 10 ( 6 ) M ) evoked a contraction of ciliary arteries and was more potent than Ang 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Hypertensive , ren 2 transgenic ( TG+ ) rat hindquarters released significantly more ANG 1 ( 110 + / 19 vs . 65 + / 21 fmol / 30 min in SD rats ) and ANG 2 ( 235 + / 22 vs . 140 + / 30 fmol / 30 min ) ; however , nerve stimulation did not alter ANG release in TG+ rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We determined the levels of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) , and the heptapeptide angiotensin ( 1 7 ) [ ANG ( 1 7 ) ] in the blood and brain of female Hannover Sprague Dawley ( SD ) and transgenic hypertensive rats [ mRen 2 ] 27 by radioimmunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography . ^^^ Hypertension was accompanied by higher plasma concentrations of ANG 2 , no statistical changes in ANG ( 1 7 ) , and no differences in plasma ANG 1 levels . ^^^ In the hypothalamus of transgenic rats , concentrations of ANG 2 and ANG ( 1 7 ) averaged 827 % and 168 % above values in SD rats ( p < 0 . 005 ) whereas both ANG 1 and ANG 2 increased in the medulla oblongata . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The captopril infused rats 1 ) increased water intake normally after central injections of ANG 1 given immediately after each salt appetite test , 2 ) had no arterial pressor response after intravenously injected ANG 1 , and 3 ) had normal arterial pressor responses after either intravenously injected ANG 2 or centrally injected ANG 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Exogenous angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) was degraded to mainly des Asp ANG 1 instead of ANG 2 in the hypothalamic homogenate of the Sprague Dawley ( SD ) , Wistar Kyoto ( WKY ) , left renal artery stenosed hypertensive SD ( LRAS ) , deoxycorticosterone acetate / salt induced hypertensive SD ( DOCA salt ) and spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHR ) . ^^^ The data show that the angiotensin converting enzyme present in the hypothalamus when extracted by the normal laboratory procedures is not able to hydrolyse ANG 1 to ANG 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cardiac renin and Ang 1 levels ( expressed per gram wet weight ) were similar to the plasma levels , and Ang 2 in cardiac tissue was higher than in plasma ( P < . 05 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the experimental groups , during the 5 min before ischemia , we administered 100 ng / ml angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ; n = 9 ) , 1 microgram / ml enalaprilat ( ACEI ; n = 5 ) , both agents ( ACEI + Ang 1 ) ( n = 6 ) , or 10 ng / ml angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ; n = 6 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These results demonstrate that ANG 1 , 2 , and 3 have similar pulmonary pressor activity and that responses are mediated by ANG 2 type 1 receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a pathway for conversion of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) to angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) other than that via angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) is present in the smooth muscle of the human detrusor . ^^^ However , the conversion of ANG 1 ( 166 nmol . min 1 . mg protein 1 ) to ANG 2 was not affected by ACE inhibition , while serine protease inhibitors , e . g . , STI and chymostatin , completely prevented ANG 2 formation . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) elicited an increase in PAI activity similar to that obtained with equivalent doses of Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunoreactive angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) were measured in human urine , after purification on octadecasilyl silica cartridges . ^^^ The excretion of ANG 1 increased by a factor of 7 . 8 + / 2 . 4 and the excretion of ANG 2 by a factor of 6 . 1 + / 1 . 6 ( mean + / SEM ; n = 15 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although the precise role of this aminopeptidase has yet to be determined , its presence establishes the existence of a specific pathway for the degradation of ANG 1 that bypasses the formation of ANG 2 . ^^^ The relationship between degradation and hypertension is shown by our recent findings that the formation of [ des Asp 1 ] ANG 1 form ANG 1 in the hypothalamic homogenate of the spontaneously hypertensive rat ( SHR ) is significantly enhanced , and the findings of other investigators that the production of ANG 2 by neuronal cultures of the SHR is significantly decreased . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A reduction in the ratio of plasma angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) to Ang 1 was seen for 0 . 006 mg / kg per day perindopril , with an increase in plasma renin and Ang 1 at 0 . 017 mg / kg per day . ^^^ Plasma Ang 2 levels did not decrease until 1 . 4 mg / kg per day perindopril , at which dose plasma Ang 1 levels reached a plateau of an approximate 25 fold increase . ^^^ The effects of perindopril on Ang 2 and Ang 1 levels in heart , lung , aorta , and brown adipose tissue were parallel to those observed for plasma . ^^^ By contrast , renal Ang 1 levels did not increase , and renal Ang 2 levels decreased by 40 % at 0 . 017 mg / kg per day , the same threshold seen for the increase in plasma renin . ^^^ Lisinopril also increased aortic bradykinin ( 1 9 ) and bradykinin ( 1 7 ) levels at doses below the threshold for the decrease in the ratio of Ang 2 to Ang 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Captopril and enalaprilat , ANG 2 converting enzyme inhibitors , decreased the pressor response to ANG 1 while increasing the pressor response to ANG 2 and 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Hypertension in TG rats was associated with decreased plasma ANG 1 , no differences in plasma ANG 2 , and plasma ANG ( 1 7 ) near the detectable level . ^^^ In both strains , the chronic fall in BP produced by lisinopril was accompanied by significant increases in plasma ANG 1 and ANG ( 1 7 ) , while losartan augmented plasma ANG 1 and ANG 2 in both strains and plasma ANG ( 1 7 ) in TG rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Our first goal was to examine renal tissue Ang 1 : Ang 2 relations to ascertain whether Ang 2 formation differs in the circulation and in renal tissue . ^^^ We have recently shown an authentic Ang II / Ang 1 ratio of 1 . 5 : 1 in renal lymph , the opposite of the Ang 2 : Ang 1 relation in plasma . ^^^ We measured Ang 1 and Ang 2 in plasma and renal tissue of rats given an intravenous dose of either vehicle , enalapril , or ramipril , over a wide dose range , from 0 . 1 to 10 . 0 mg / kg i . v . ^^^ Whereas the Ang 1 concentration in normal rat plasma ( 273 + / 84 fmol / mL ) was over threefold the plasma Ang 2 concentration ( 83 + / 12 fmol / mL ) , the ratio was reversed in the kidney ( Ang 2 , 178 + / 12 versus Ang 1 , 91 + / 3 fmol / g ; P < . 001 ) . ^^^ Although ramipril and enalapril induced an indistinguishable dose related acute fall in blood pressure and plasma Ang 2 concentration , lower enalapril doses were less effective in reducing renal tissue Ang 1 : Ang 2 conversion and Ang 2 concentration ( P < . 025 ) . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We tested the hypothesis that the conversion of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) in blood vessels is elevated in SHRSP . ^^^ DESIGN : We measured the conversion rate of Ang 1 to Ang 2 during one pass through an isolated resistance vessel bed . ^^^ RESULTS : The conversion rates of Ang 1 to Ang 2 did not differ between SHRSP and WKY in young or in adult rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The dose response curves of contractions obtained with ANG 1 or ANG 2 as well as the dose dependent inhibition of ANG 1 induced responses in the presence of CGS 16617 were similar for carotids taken from both WKY and SHR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The kidney cortex possesses the enzyme necessary to convert angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) directly to Ang ( 1 7 ) bypassing Ang 2 as an intermediate . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To further address the role of the cardiac renin angiotensin system in the pathophysiology of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy , we examined the effects of TCV 116 , a newly developed , highly specific nonpeptide Ang 2 receptor antagonist , on cardiac hypertrophy and the tissue angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and Ang 2 , as well as plasma renin activity ( PRA ) and Ang 2 , were determined . ^^^ The left ventricular Ang 1 and Ang 2 contents were lowered by TCV 116 ( 12 . 9 + / 1 . 4 vs . 30 . 4 + / 2 . 5 pg / tissue , control , p < 0 . 01 , for Ang 1 ; 15 . 1 + / 0 . 6 vs . 18 . 7 + / 0 . 4 pg / tissue , control , p < 0 . 01 , for Ang 2 ) , whereas PRA and plasma Ang 2 concentration were increased by the treatment . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The overflows ( i . e . , veno arterial concentration differences multiplied by plasma flow ) of angiotensin ( 1 10 ) decapeptide ( ANG 1 ) and angiotensin ( 1 8 ) octapeptide ( ANG 2 ) from blood perfused canine gracilis muscle in situ were studied . ^^^ ANG 1 was found to be generated in the catheter system supplying the gracilis muscle with arterial blood , but plasma renin activity and ANG 2 levels were uninfluenced by the catheter system . ^^^ A positive venoarterial concentration difference over the muscle itself was found for ANG 2 but not for ANG 1 under basal conditions . ^^^ Isoprenaline elicited vasodilatation , reduced ANG 1 overflow , and tended to increase ANG 2 overflow , whereas beta adrenoceptor blockade by propranolol had no effect on these variables . ^^^ The net overflow of ANG 2 was most likely caused by local conversion in the tissue of ANG 1 artifactually generated in the arterial catheter system . beta Adrenoceptor stimulation enhanced the local conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 , probably by exposing a greater endothelial surface containing angiotensin converting enzyme activity . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Previous studies have suggested that Ang 1 convertase is important for production of Ang 2 in the heart . ^^^ Our results are consistent with a potential role for Ang 1 convertase in the production of Ang 2 in the vasculature , resulting in Ang 2 mediated vasoconstriction . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The ligand binding signatures of the three receptor isoforms are essentially the same and are illustrated by the affinity and order of potency of the following ligands : L 158 , 809 > or = Sar 1 , Ile8Ang 2 > saralasin Ang 2 > or = Ang 3 > EXP 581 > EXP 3174 > losartan > or = EXP 811 > GR 117 , 289c > EXP 6803 > DuP 532 > Ang 1 > > PD 123177 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , patients with a history of hymenoptera venom anaphylaxis showed significantly reduced angiotensin 1 and angiotensin 2 plasma levels as compared to controls ( ANG 1 : 9 . 51 + / 0 . 61 fmol / ml vs . 22 . 91 + / 1 . 73 fmol / ml ; ANG 2 : 2 . 84 + / 0 . 16 fmol / ml vs . 6 . 95 + / 0 . 33 fmol / ml ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We profiled the concentrations of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , and angiotensin ( 1 7 ) [ Ang ( 1 7 ) ] by the combination of radioimmunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography in the blood of 14 week old male Wistar Kyoto ( WKY ) and spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHR ) drinking either tap water or a solution containing ceranapril ( 30 mg / kg ) or lisinopril ( 20 mg / kg ) for 14 days . ^^^ Plasma renin activity , angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) activity , and plasma levels of Ang 1 and Ang 2 were the same in vehicle treated WKY and SHR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) were measured radioimmunologically in human leukocytes extracted with a mixture of acetone , 1N HCl and water ( 40 : 1 : 10 vol ) . ^^^ The analytical recoveries of 125I ANG 1 and 125I ANG 2 , which were added prior to extraction , were 92 . 00 + / 3 . 10 and 99 . 19 + / 0 . 91 % ( mean + / SEM ; n = 12 ) . ^^^ The concentration of ANG 1 and ANG 2 like material in leukocytes from healthy volunteers was 32 . 04 + / 3 . 64 and 13 . 05 + / 1 . 26 fmol / mg protein ( n = 24 ) . ^^^ The immunoreactive material could be characterized on HPLC as Ile 5 ANG 1 , Ile 5 ANG 2 and angiotensin metabolites such as Ile 4 ANG 3 , Ile 3 ANG 2 hexapeptide , Ile 2 ANG 2 pentapeptide and Ile 1 ANG 2 tetrapeptide . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN ANG 1 AND ANG 2 : AT 1 blockade by losartan is followed by rises in plasma Ang 1 and Ang 2 ; ACE inhibitors are associated with an increase in plasma Ang 1 but a fall in Ang 2 , whereas both plasma Ang 1 and Ang 2 fall with renin inhibition . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ACE inhibitors act within the renin angiotensin system to prevent the conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The role of cardiac ACE in intracardiac conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 and its specific inhibition was studied in isolated , isovolumic beating , buffer perfused LVH and control hearts . ^^^ Intracardiac Ang 1 to Ang 2 conversion rate was fourfold higher in LVH than in control hearts ( p < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ Infusion of enalaprilat reduced the intracardiac Ang 1 to Ang 2 conversion rate in LVH hearts by 70 % ( p < 0 . 05 versus Ang 1 ) . ^^^ Blockade of the enzyme by an ACE inhibitor decreases intracardiac Ang 1 to Ang 2 conversion rate and prevents the functional changes of Ang 1 to Ang 2 activation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Isoproterenol was infused into the brachial artery , and active renin , plasma renin activity , and Ang 1 and Ang 2 forearm balance ( venous arterial differences corrected for forearm blood flow by strain gauge plethysmography ) were measured . ^^^ Despite a comparable vasodilation , beta adrenergic stimulation failed to release active renin , plasma renin activity , and Ang 1 and Ang 2 in primary aldosteronism . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Functional ACE activity was determined by comparing positive inotropic responses to [ Pro 10 ] Ang 1 in either vehicle pretreated or ACE inhibitor pretreated papillary muscles . [ Pro 10 ] Ang 1 elicits a response , which is entirely dependent on ACE mediated conversion to Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ANG 1 ( 10 ( 9 ) M ) and ANG 3 ( 10 ( 10 ) M ) also stimulated the Na ( + ) HCO 3 cotransporter , and captopril ( 10 ( 4 ) M ) attenuated the ANG 1 stimulation by 68 + / 3 . 5 % ( P < 0 . 01 ) but not that of ANG 2 and 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To determine the contribution of kidney derived renin and angiotensin converting enzyme to circulating and tissue levels of angiotensin peptides , we measured angiotensin ( Ang ) ( 1 7 ) , Ang 2 , Ang ( 1 9 ) , and Ang 1 in plasma , kidney , lung , heart , aorta , brown adipose tissue , adrenal , pituitary , and brain of five groups of male Sprague Dawley rats : control rats , rats given the converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril ( 10 mg / kg ) , rats nephrectomized 24 hours , rats nephrectomized 48 hours , and rats nephrectomized 48 hours and given ramipril . ^^^ Plasma and tissues , apart from adrenal , showed a 63 % to 98 % reduction in Ang 2 , the ratio of Ang 2 to Ang 1 , or both after ramipril administration , indicating a major role for converting enzyme in Ang 2 formation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although much angiotensinogen is extracellular and could therefore be a site of synthesis outside of the cell , intracellular angiotensinogen in a NRAS process could produce Ang 2 intracellularly without requiring extracellular conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 by ACE . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The ligand binding signature of the AT1A receptor is defined by the affinity ( Ki = nM ) and order of potency of the following ligands : saralasin ( 2 . 07 ) > Ang 2 ( 3 . 35 ) > losartan ( 14 ) > Ang 3 ( 20 ) > GR 117289C ( 28 ) > EXP 6803 ( 160 ) > Ang 1 ( 281 ) > PD 123177 ( > 10 , 000 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It is characterized by a high affinity for Ang 2 ( Kd 0 . 75 + / 0 . 13 nM ) and Ang 1 ( Ki 0 . 72 + / 0 . 12 nM ) , but a very low affinity for Ang 3 ( Ki 31 + / 5 microM ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In homogenates of the endothelium and smooth muscle cum adventitia of the rat aorta , exogenous angiotensin ( ANG ) 1 was found to be degraded to des aspartate ANG 1 ( des Asp ANG 1 ) instead of ANG 2 . ^^^ The data show that the angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) present in the homogenates of rat aorta , prepared by normal laboratory procedures , is not able to hydrolyse ANG 1 to ANG 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To clarify the role of vascular endothelial cells ( VEC ) and smooth muscle cells ( VSMC ) in the generation of angiotensin ( Ang ) 2 , we measured the Ang 2 forming activity of these cells in culture using synthetic Ang 1 and tridecapeptide renin substrate ( 13RS ) . ^^^ It is suggested that Ang 1 could be converted to Ang 2 not only by VEC but also by VSMC . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Kidney Ang 1 and 2 levels were threefold and sixfold higher in newborn than adult kidneys , respectively ( Ang 1 , 678 + / 180 versus 243 + / 38 fmol / g , P < . 01 ; Ang 2 , 667 + / 75 versus 103 + / 6 fmol / g , P < . 001 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Plasma angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) and plasma angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) were initially increased between the first day and the first week , were suppressed at the second week , then increased again at the third week . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We examined the effects of ACE inhibitor treatment and its withdrawal on angiotensin ( 1 7 ) [ Ang ( 1 7 ) ] , angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) in plasma , kidney , adrenal , heart , aorta , brown adipose tissue , lung , and brain of male SHR and normotensive Donryu rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The transgenic rats are characterized by unchanged or even suppressed concentrations of active renin , angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , ANG 2 , and angiotensinogen compared to transgene negative littermates . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NEP 24 . 11 degraded ANG 2 , ANG 3 . and bradykinin ( BK ) and converted ANG 1 to the active metabolite ANG ( 1 7 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In in vivo studies , ANG 1 ( 0 . 5 nmol / min ) followed by ANG 1 plus the ACE inhibitor Cap ( 0 . 1 mumol / min ) was infused into the left anterior descending artery , and ANG 2 was assayed in the proximal aorta and coronary sinus . ^^^ The arterial venous ( A 5 ) difference of ANG 2 across the myocardial circulation increased significantly during ANG 1 infusion ( 13 . 4 + / 23 . 5 to 142 . 8 + / 71 . 4 pg / ml ; P < 0 . 03 ) . ^^^ Subsequent coinfusion of Cap with ANG 1 significantly decreased the myocardial A 5 difference of ANG 2 by 60 + / 18 % ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ This comparison of in vivo and in vitro conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 by ACE and chymase like activity suggests that in vitro assays may underestimate the functional contribution of ACE to intracardiac ANG 2 formation . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 1 , Ang 2 and Ang ( 1 7 ) stimulated PGE 2 as well as PGI 2 synthesis in a dose dependent pattern . ^^^ Ang 2 but not Ang 1 or Ang ( 1 7 ) also caused an increase in the intracellular concentration of Ca++ . ^^^ Ang 2 and Ang 1 stimulated ( 10 nM ) PG production was attenuated by all three AT 1 antagonists . ^^^ These data show that Ang 1 and Ang 2 stimulate PGE 2 and PGI 2 release via activation of both AT 1 and AT 2 receptors in porcine VSMC . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Captopril suppressed Ang 2 and increased Ang 1 levels . ^^^ Conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 in hindquarter vasculature was approximately 75 % and completely suppressed by captopril . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Consistently , sympatho facilitation by Ang 1 , which could be abolished by the angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor imidaprilat , was apparently greater than that of Ang 2 in SHR , despite no difference in WKY . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated the constrictor effects of Angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and Angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) on rabbit peripheral ( aorta , carotid artery , mesenteric artery , saphenous artery ) and cerebral ( basilar artery ) vessels and in rat aorta in functional organ bath studies . ^^^ Since ACE determines the plasma and tissue conversion of Ang 1 to active Ang 2 , we calculated the ratio R ( EC 50 Ang 1 induced contraction : EC 50 Ang 2 induced contraction ) as an indicator of the tissue ACE effectiveness . ^^^ In the aorta without endothelium , Ang 1 was found to be much less potent than Ang 2 in the rabbit ( R = 44 ) compared with the rat ( R = 3 . 5 ) . ^^^ This species difference in the aortic conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 was confirmed by the use of captopril . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The active renin ( AR ) , angiotensinogen , angiotensin 1 ( ang 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( ang 2 ) and aldosterone plasma concentrations were measured , as was plasma angiotensin 1 converting enzyme ( ACE ) activity in vitro ( colorimetric and fluorimetric method ) and in vivo ( the ang II / ang 1 ratio ) . ^^^ The gradual decline in AF , plasma levels , together with the prolonged ACE inhibition as measured in vivo by the ang II / ang 1 ratio , explains the absence of a rise in ang 2 synthesis . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| DESIGN AND METHODS : Blood pressure , cardiac rate and the plasma concentrations of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , Ang ( 1 7 ) , prostaglandin E 2 and 6 keto prostaglandin F 1 alpha ( the breakdown product of prostacyclin ) were determined in the peripheral venous blood of 24 essential hypertensive subjects before and 3 h after administration of 50 mg captopril . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Surprisingly , despite the occurrence of optimal P 2 and P 1 residues at the Phe 8 downward arrow and Tyr 4 downward arrow bonds ( where downward arrow , indicates the scissile bond in peptide substrates ) in Ang 1 ( DRVYIHPFHL ) , human chymase cleaves the Phe 8 downward arrow bond with an approximately 750 fold higher catalytic efficiency ( kcat / Km ) than the Tyr 4 downward arrow bond in Ang 2 ( DRVYIHPF ) , whereas rat chymase 1 cleaves the Tyr 4 downward arrow bond with an approximately 20 fold higher catalytic efficiency than the Phe 8 downward arrow bond . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A serine protease was responsible for the majority of Ang 2 production in both the membrane preparation and Ang 1 induced contractions of isolated coronary arteries . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In contrasting to Ang 1 and Ang 2 , plasma Ang ( 1 7 ) concentration decreased significantly only within 60 min of 5 . 0 % NaCl infusion ( 19 . 5 + / 2 . 9 vs 30 . 5 + / 1 . 9 pg / ml in the control group ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Inhibition of the renin angiotensin system ( RAS ) was estimated by plasma ACE inhibition and also by the ratio of angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) / Ang 1 + Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 2 , Ang 1 , BK ( 1 9 ) , and its metabolite BK ( 1 7 ) were measured 1 , 2 , 3 , 7 , and 28 days after myocardial infarction . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Human corpus cavernosum contained 1178 + / 223 ( SEM ) fmol Ang 2 , 528 + / 171 fmol Ang 1 , 475 + / 67 fmol des asp Ang 1 , and 1897 + / 371 fmol des asp Ang II / gm . tissue ( n = 4 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| When heart homogenate was incubated with Ang 1 , three enzymes were responsible for its metabolism : heart chymase and heart ACE converted Ang 1 to Ang 2 , and heart carboxypeptidase A ( CPA ) like activity degraded Ang 1 to Ang ( 1 9 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| After short term ( 0 . 1 , 0 . 3 , and 1 mg / kg ) or long term oral administration ( 0 . 3 mg / kg ) , perindopril significantly inhibited plasma ACE ( p < 0 . 001 ) , the plasma angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) / Ang 1 ratio ( p < 0 . 01 ) , and decreased mean arterial pressure ( p < 0 . 001 ) in a dose related manner . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In 2K1C hindlimbs , Ang 1 infusion ( 0 . 5 pmol / mL ) resulted in increased Ang 2 generation ( 157 + / 16 versus 123 + / 23 fmol / mL , P = . 014 at minute 10 ) compared with controls . ^^^ Despite markedly higher Ang 1 release in sham operated than in 2K1C rats ( 71 + / 8 versus 37 + / 6 pmol / mL , P = . 008 at minute 12 ) , Ang 2 was only moderately increased ( 36 + / 3 versus 25 + / 6 pmol / mL , P = . 12 at minute 12 ) . ^^^ Nevertheless , increased ACE gene expression and ACE activity in the vessel wall lead to an increase in the conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Patients with a history of anaphylactic reactions to hymenoptera venom who tolerated the hyposensitization and the sting provocation without problems ( n = 10 ) had angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) , angiotensinogen and renin similar to the values found in healthy nonallergic controls ( n = 11 ) . ^^^ In contrast , patients who repeatedly experienced anaphylactic reactions during hyposensitization and who displayed anaphylactic reactions to sting provocation with a living insect ( n = 6 ) showed significantly lower renin ( p < 0 . 05 ) , angiotensinogen ( p < 0 . 05 ) , ANG 1 ( p < 0 . 05 ) and ANG 2 ( p < 0 . 05 ) plasma levels as compared to healthy nonallergic controls ( n = 11 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Similar results were obtained in vivo in experiments investigating the blood pressure increasing response to intravenous injection of ANG 1 or ANG 2 in conscious normotensive rats and dogs after oral or intravenous application of moexipril or moexiprilat , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Thus , the aim of this study was to characterize liposomes filled with angiotensinogen , angiotensine 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiotensine 2 ( Ang 2 ) , and saralasin by a TLC method and examine the physiological effects of these on rat vascular smooth muscle . ^^^ Ang 2 ( for all concentrations tested in the aqueous phase ) and Ang 1 ( for concentrations less than 10 ( 4 ) M ) did not affect the thin layer chromatography migration of this type of vesicle , suggesting that dose dependent effects on physio pharmacological experiments could be studied . ^^^ Administration of liposomes containing Ang 2 ( 10 ( 6 ) M ) , Ang 1 ( 10 ( 6 ) M ) , angiotensinogen ( 10 ( 6 ) M ) and saralasine ( 10 ( 6 ) M ) caused the contraction to isolated rat aorta smooth muscle , suggesting the presence of active intracellular binding sites . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Captopril significantly reduced vasoconstrictor responses to i . a . injections of Ang 1 , whereas vasoconstrictor responses to i . a . injections of Ang 2 were significantly enhanced . ^^^ The present data show that BK has potent vasodilator activity in the hindquarters vascular bed of the rat and suggest that the site of action is most likely upstream from the site of inactivation , whereas the site of action of Ang 1 is at or near the site of conversion to Ang 2 in the hindquarters vascular bed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 1 converting activity was assessed by the quantitation of Ang 2 formed by incubation of the sample with Ang 1 at 37 degrees C for 3 h , using high performance liquid chromatography . ^^^ The enzyme also converted Ang 1 to Ang 2 at an optimal pH of 6 . 5 . ^^^ It is also able to Ang 1 to Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we measure for the first time ANG 1 and ANG 2 levels in the interstitial fluid ( ISF ) space of the heart . ^^^ ANG 1 infusion increased aortic plasma ANG 1 and ANG 2 ( pg / ml ) ( ANG 1 = 101+ / 129 to 370+ / 158 pg / ml , P < 0 . 01 ; and ANG 2 = 22+ / 40 to 466+ / 49 , P < 0 . 01 ) ; addition of cap further increased ANG 1 ( 1 , 790+ / 158 , P < 0 . 01 ) and decreased ANG 2 ( 33+ / 49 , P < 0 . 01 ) . ^^^ ISF ANG 1 and ANG 2 levels ( pg / ml ) were > 100 fold higher than plasma levels , and did not change from baseline ( 8 , 122+ / 528 and 6 , 333+ / 677 ) , during ANG 1 ( 8 , 269+ / 502 and 6 , 139+ / 695 ) or ANG 1 + cap ( 8 , 753+ / 502 and 5 , 884+ / 695 ) . ^^^ The finding of very high ANG 1 and ANG 2 levels in the ISF vs . intravascular space that are not affected by 4 ANG 1 or cap suggests that ANG 2 production and / or degradation in the heart is compartmentalized and mediated by different enzymatic mechanisms in the interstitial and intravascular spaces . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These results demonstrate that in vivo application of the Ang 1 significantly modulates not only the activity , but also expression of the Na / Ca exchanger and the L VDCC in rat hearts through angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Animals were anesthetized with ketamine pentobarbital , and samples were taken for measurements of plasma renin activity , angiotensin converting enzyme activity , and angiotensin peptides , angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , and angiotensin ( 1 7 ) [ Ang ( 1 7 ) ] . ^^^ CONCLUSION : These studies reveal that , although chronic estrogen replacement activates renin activity and Ang 1 , it causes a shift in the processing of angiotensin peptides such that the concurrent reduction in angiotensin converting enzyme activity leads to unchanged plasma Ang 2 levels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ANG 2 is formed from ANG 1 by angiotensin 1 converting enzyme ( ACE ) . ^^^ ANG 2 and ANG 1 produce contractions in vascular smooth muscles . ^^^ RESULTS : ANG 2 and ANG 1 , precursor of ANG 2 , contracted corpus cavernosum smooth muscle dose dependently , but the response of smooth muscle to ANG 1 was 10 fold less than that to ANG 2 . ^^^ Contractile responses of smooth muscle to ANG 2 and ANG 1 were blocked by Dup 753 , a specific inhibitor of ANG 2 type 1 receptor , but not by PD 123 , 319 , a specific inhibitor of ANG 2 type 2 receptor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Baseline biochemical , hormonal ( ACE , Ang 1 , Ang 2 ) , isotopic renal function ( GFR , ERPF , ECFV ) , pretreatment diuretic dose and heart failure scores were similar between groups . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Renin activity ( RA ) , angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) activity and levels of angiotensin 1 ( ang 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( ang 2 ) in the plasma , renal cortex and renal medulla were assessed at Day 1 and Day 14 of the treatment . ^^^ In the kidney , ang 2 levels decreased one and four hours after the acute or prolonged ramipril treatment and the ang II / ang 1 ratio was reduced at the same time . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Injection ( 1 nmol / kg body wt ) of either ANG 2 FITC , [ Asn 1 , Val 5 , Asn 9 ] ANG 1 , [ Asp 1 , Ile 5 , His 9 ] ANG 1 , [ Asn 1 , Val 5 ] ANG 2 , [ Asp 1 , Val 5 ] ANG 2 , or [ Asp 1 , Ile 5 ] ANG 2 elicited catecholamine release from in situ perfusion preparations of the head kidney . ^^^ Relative to the results obtained with the [ Asn 1 , Val 5 ] ANG 2 treatment ( 1 nmol / kg body wt ) , Epi release was 72 and 82 % lower in response to injections ( 1 nmol / kg body wt ) of [ Asn 1 , Val 5 ] ANG 1 [ amino acid ( AA ) positions 1 7 ] and [ Asn 1 , Val 5 ] ANG 1 ( AA 1 6 ) , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The enzyme rapidly converted Ang 1 to Ang 2 ( Km = 98 microM , k ( cat ) = 6203 / min ) but did not degrade several peptide hormones such as Ang 2 , substance P , vasoactive intestinal peptide and bradykinin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present study was performed to assess the plasma and kidney levels of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) and ANG 2 during prehypertensive ( 4 to 5 wk old ) , development ( 6 to 8 wk old ) , and maintenance ( 10 to 12 wk old ) phases of hypertension in pentobarbital anesthetized transgenic rats [ TGR ; strain name : TGR ( mRen 2 ) 27 ] and age matched transgene negative Hannover Sprague Dawley rats ( HanSD ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated the angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) generating system by analyzing the vasoconstrictor effect of Ang 2 , angiotensin J ( Ang 1 ) , and tetradecapeptide ( TDP ) renin substrate in the absence and presence of inhibitors of the renin angiotensin system in isolated rat aortic rings and mesenteric arterial beds with and without functional endothelium . ^^^ Ang 2 , Ang 1 , and TDP elicited a dose dependent vasoconstrictor effect in both vascular preparations that was completely blocked by the Ang 2 receptor antagonist saralasin ( 50 nM ) . ^^^ The angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor captopril ( 36 microM ) completely inhibited the vasoconstrictor effect elicited by Ang 1 and TDP in aortic rings without affecting that of Ang 2 . ^^^ In contrast , captopril ( 36 microM ) significantly reduced ( 80 90 % ) the response to bolus injection of Ang 1 , without affecting those to Ang 2 and TDP in mesenteric arteries . ^^^ Mechanical removal of the endothelium greatly potentiated ( 70 95 % ) the vasoconstrictor response to Ang 2 , Ang 1 , and TDP in aortic rings while these responses were unaffected by the removal of the endothelium of mesenteric arteries with sodium deoxycholate infusion . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Alternative Ang 2 forming pathways , independent of Ang 1 converting enzyme ( ACE ) , have been reported . ^^^ Among them , biochemical analysis revealed that chymase is a highly efficient Ang 2 forming enzyme with a high substrate specificity against Ang 1 and is rich in various human tissues . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The precise locations for 19 genes and three ESTs within this contig have been determined , and three gene clusters consisting of a centromeric group ( VRF , FKBP 2 , PNG , and PLCB 3 ) , a middle group ( PYGM , ZFM 1 , SCG 1 , SCG 2 ( which proved to be the MEN 1 gene ) , and PPP2R5B ) , and a telomeric group ( H4B , ANG 3 , ANG 2 , ANG 1 , FON , FAU , NOF , NON , and D11S2196E ) were observed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Intrarenal ANG 2 is formed from systemically delivered ANG 1 and from intrarenally formed ANG 1 derived from systemically delivered angiotensinogen as well as locally synthesized angiotensionogen . ^^^ Proximal tubule concentrations of ANG 2 as well as ANG 1 and angiotensinogen support the concept that the proximal tubule cells secrete ANG 2 or precursors of ANG 2 into the tubular fluid . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin ( Ang ) ( 1 7 ) is a bioactive component of the renin angiotensin system that is formed endogenously from either Ang 1 or Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang I / Ang 2 ratios indicated the expected sharp drop in Ang 1 conversion after ramipril in plasma and tissue . ^^^ RIP did not influence conversion rate in plasma but was associated with an unanticipated fall in Ang 1 conversion in renal tissue , perhaps reflecting local aspartyl protease inhibition , which contributes to normal Ang 2 formation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Computer simulations with a simple version of the renin angiotensin system predict that changes in Agt function alter the steady state levels of both angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) . ^^^ In contrast , modest changes in Ace function alter Ang 1 levels considerably but scarcely affect Ang 2 levels . ^^^ Simulations over the ranges of ACE levels that can be achieved with ACE inhibitors predict that Ang 2 levels will decrease only when Ang 1 levels have plateaued . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| When activating the renin activity by keeping upright in posture for 60 min , ANG 2 and the four peptides significantly increased as compared with the levels in the supine posture , except for ANG 1 . ^^^ As a result of in vitro degradation tests on ANGs , ANG ( 3 4 ) was produced from ANG 1 , and not from ANG 2 , 3 or ( 3 8 ) , during the 30 min incubation . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We used a synthetic peptide , [ Pro 11 , D Ala 12 ] Ang 1 ( S ) , which yields Ang 2 by chymase , but not by ACE . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Hormonal effects of ACE , ACE inhibitors , synthetic bullfrog angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , and [ Val 5 ] ANG 2 were compared on frog ovaries of postreproductive and prereproductive periods . ^^^ Frog ovary tissue in postreproductive and prereproductive periods was incubated in vitro in the presence of ACE ( 2 . 5 mU / ml ) , captopril ( 0 . 1 mM ) , lisinopril ( 0 . 1 mM ) , [ Val 5 ] ANG 2 ( 1 microM ) , and synthetic bullfrog ANG 1 ( 1 microM ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| While human chymase ( HC ) hydrolyses the Phe 8 His9 bond of ANG 1 to ANG 2 , rat chymase ( RMCP 1 ) degrades the Tyr 4 Ile5 bond of ANG 1 to the inactive fragments . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We also investigated cardiac Ang 1 conversion , including the contribution of non angiotensin converting enzyme dependent Ang 2 generating pathways . ^^^ Renin and Ang 1 infusion both generated Ang 2 . ^^^ In contrast , after Ang 1 infusion , Ang 2 release and coronary flow returned to basal levels . ^^^ Remikiren added to the renin infusion abolished Ang 1 and 2 ; captopril suppressed only Ang 2 , whereas an AT 1 receptor blocker did not affect Ang 1 and 2 formation . ^^^ Furthermore , the comparison of in vivo and in vitro Ang 1 conversion suggests that in vitro assays may underestimate the functional contribution of angiotensin converting enzyme to intracardiac Ang 2 formation . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Gender affects renal vasoconstrictor response to Ang 1 and Ang 2 . ^^^ Ang 1 and Ang 2 were infused in graded doses into 9 men and 8 women in a randomized , single blind , crossover study . ^^^ Although pressor responses to Ang 1 and Ang 2 were similar in men and women , there was a negative relationship between the change in mean arterial pressure and the change in heart rate during Ang 1 and 2 infusion in women only . ^^^ The half time of the pressor response after discontinuation of Ang 1 but not Ang 2 infusion was greater in men than in women ( 9 . 5+ / 2 . 2 versus 4 . 3+ / 2 . 1 minutes , P < . 05 ) . ^^^ This difference in duration did not result from gender differences in the metabolism of Ang 1 because Ang 2 levels measured during Ang 1 infusion were identical in men and women . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In 28 normotensive healthy control subjects , the metabolism of angiotensins through vascular tissue was investigated in normal , low , and high sodium diets by the measurement of arterial venous gradient of endogenous angiotensin ( Ang ) 1 and Ang 2 in two different vascular beds ( forearm and leg ) , combined with the study of 125I Ang 1 and 125I Ang 2 kinetics . ^^^ In normal sodium diet subjects , forearm vascular tissue extracted 36+ / 6 % of 125I Ang 1 and 30+ / 5 % of 125I Ang 2 and added 14 . 9+ / 5 . 1 fmol 10 100 mL ( 1 ) 10 min ( 1 ) of de novo formed Ang 1 and 6 . 2+ / 2 . 8 fmol 10 100 mL ( 1 ) 10 min ( 1 ) of Ang 2 to antecubital venous blood . ^^^ Low sodium diet increased ( P < . 01 ) plasma renin activity , whereas de novo Ang 1 and Ang 2 formation by forearm vascular tissue became undetectable . ^^^ Angiotensin degradation ( 33+ / 7 % for Ang 1 and 30+ / 7 % for Ang 2 ) was unchanged , and vascular fractional conversion of 125I Ang 1 decreased from 12 % to 6 % ( P < . 01 ) . ^^^ In high sodium diet subjects , plasma renin activity decreased , and de novo Ang 1 and Ang 2 formation by forearm vascular tissue increased to 22 and 14 fmol 10 100 mL ( 1 ) 10 min ( 1 ) , respectively ( P < . 01 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated the effects of angiotensinogen ( Ang ) , angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , and angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) on the fluidity of phosphatidylcholine vesicles . ^^^ When placed outside the vesicles , Ang 2 increased bilayer rigidity ( decreased fluidity ) , whereas Ang and Ang 1 produced no effect . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors ( ACEI ) blunt , but do not entirely prevent , increased U ( alb ) 5 at doses that reduce blood pressure and entirely block the pressor effect of exogenously administered angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , suggesting that angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) might not mediate the effect of DPA on U ( alb ) 5 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The bowfin ANG 1 and 2 were no more vasopressor than eel peptides in the bowfin , indicating that bowfin ANG 2 receptors do not distinguish between [ Asp 1 ] and [ Asn 1 ] peptides . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS AND RESULTS : To determine whether cardiac Ang 1 and Ang 2 are produced in situ or derived from the circulation , we infused 125I labeled Ang 1 or 2 into pigs ( 25 to 30 kg ) and measured 125I Ang 1 and 2 as well as endogenous Ang 1 and 2 in cardiac tissue and blood plasma . ^^^ In untreated pigs , the tissue Ang 2 concentration ( per gram wet weight ) in different parts of the heart was 5 times the concentration ( per milliliter ) in plasma , and the tissue Ang 1 concentration was 75 % of the plasma Ang 1 concentration . ^^^ Tissue 125I Ang 2 during 125I Ang 2 infusion was 75 % of 125I Ang 2 in arterial plasma , whereas tissue 125I Ang 1 during 125I Ang 1 infusion was < 4 % of 125I Ang 1 in arterial plasma . ^^^ After treatment with the ACE inhibitor captopril ( 25 mg twice daily ) , Ang 2 fell in plasma but not in tissue , and Ang 1 and renin rose both in plasma and tissue , whereas angiotensinogen did not change in plasma and fell in tissue . ^^^ Tissue 125I Ang 2 derived by conversion from arterially delivered 125I Ang 1 fell from 23 % to < 2 % of 125I Ang 1 in arterial plasma . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| During Ang 1 infusion , plasma Ang 2 concentrations were increased in DD compared with 2 subjects ( F =4 . 4 ; p=0 . 052 ) . ^^^ Moreover , there were significant inverse relations between the half life of bradykinin and serum ACE activity ( p < 0 . 001 ) and between the half life of bradykinin and the conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 ( p=0 . 026 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In light of the data from in vitro systems , our findings indicate that in the intact human kidney , virtually all Ang 2 generation is renin dependent but at least 40 % of Ang 1 is converted to Ang 2 by pathways other than ACE , presumably a chymase , although other enzyme pathways exist . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| During perfusion with Ang 1 ( n=5 ) , Ang 2 in interstitial transudate was 5 . 1+ / 0 . 6 % of arterial Ang 1 compared with 2 . 2+ / 0 . 3 % in coronary effluent ( P < . 05 ) . ^^^ Addition of losartan ( 10 ( 6 ) mol / L ) to the renin / angiotensinogen perfusion ( n=3 ) had no significant effect on the tissue level of Ang 2 , whereas losartan in the perfusions with Ang 1 ( n=5 ) or Ang 2 ( n=5 ) decreased tissue Ang 2 to undetectably low levels . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Val 4 ANG 3 ( 1 or 5 nmol . kg 1 ) and ANG 1 ( 1 7 ) ( 20 nmol . kg 1 ) had no effect on NFS . [ Sar 1 , Ile 8 ] ANG 2 ( SARILE ) acted as an ANG 2 receptor agonist and resulted in a prolonged and complete inhibition of NFS . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ACE inhibitors diminish transformation of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) into angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and prevent degradation of bradykinin [ which stimulates nitric oxide ( NO ) and prostacyclin formation ] . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We found that conversion of endogenous ANG 1 to ANG 2 made a significant contribution to mean arterial pressure in undisturbed animals . ^^^ Blockade of the conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 significantly delayed the recovery of mean arterial pressure after sodium nitroprusside induced hypotension . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ecadotril produced diuresis , natriuresis , increased urine cyclic guanosine monophosphate and BK ( 1 9 ) levels , increased Ang 2 and Ang 1 levels in plasma , and increased Ang 1 levels in heart . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We determined the functional conversion of ANG 1 and [ Pro 11 , D Ala 12 ] ANG 1 , a chymase selective substrate , to ANG 2 in the hamster cardiovascular system . ^^^ Captopril and CV 11974 , an ANG 2 type 1 ( AT 1 ) receptor antagonist , inhibited the responses to ANG 1 ; in contrast , the pressor responses to [ Pro 11 , D Ala 12 ] ANG 1 were suppressed only by CV 11974 . ^^^ These data suggest that [ Pro 11 , D Ala 12 ] ANG 1 and part of ANG 1 were functionally converted to ANG 2 by chymase and other serine protease ( s ) in hamster vessels , inducing AT 1 receptor mediated vasoconstriction . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| When Ang 1 was used as the substrate , the enzyme specifically released Ang 2 and the dipeptide His Leu ( Km=36 microM ; Kcat=1530 min 1 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Twenty one days after surgery , steady state arterial [ 125I ] Ang 1 and [ 125I ] Ang 2 blood concentrations were measured after high performance liquid chromatography separation during i . v . infusion of [ 125I ] Ang 1 in three groups of male Wistar conscious rats : ( a ) sham operated rats receiving saline ( sham group , n = 6 ) ; ( b ) rats after coronary microembolization receiving saline ( saline group , n = 7 ) ; and ( c ) rats after coronary microembolization receiving perindopril ( 2 mg / kg / day ; from days 2 20 after embolization ; perindopril group , n = 6 ) . ^^^ Ang 1 clearance and the Ang 1 to Ang 2 concentration ratio ( R ) were estimated . ^^^ The embolization per se resulted in focal fibrosis , appearance of hypertrophic and dystrophic cardiac myocytes , and was accompanied by increased Ang 1 clearance ( 1 , 479 vs . 314 ml / min in sham group ) , 1 . 8 fold decreased [ 125I ] Ang 2 arterial level , and decreased R ( 0 . 5 vs . 1 . 2 in sham group ; p < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ Captopril bolus ( 1 mg / kg , i . v . ) caused similar reduction in [ 125I ] Ang 2 blood concentration in both sham and saline groups , but a significant increase of [ 125I ] Ang 1 blood concentration was detected in the sham group only . ^^^ It was accompanied by normalized arterial [ 125I ] Ang 1 concentration , Ang 1 clearance , and R ; [ 125I ] Ang 2 concentration tended to that in sham group . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| HPLC analysis of the incubation product of Ang 1 with vascular tissues revealed that Ang 2 was yet formed despite complete ACE inhibition , and the ACE inhibitor insensitive Ang 2 formation was blocked by chymostatin . ^^^ Another notable discovery by us is the species difference in chymase processing of Ang 1 : chymases of primates , dog , and hamster convert Ang 1 to Ang 2 , while chymases of rat , rabbit , and probably mouse do not . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| As the most pleiotropic metabolite of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) it manifest actions which are most often the opposite of those described for angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) . ^^^ Ang ( 1 7 ) is produced from Ang 1 bypassing the prerequisite formation of Ang 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| PURPOSE : To investigate whether diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) is associated with abnormalities in : ( 1 ) aqueous humour Angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and Angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) levels ; and ( 2 ) plasma Ang 1 , soluble P selectin , lipoprotein ( a ) ( Lp ( a ) ) , endothelial markers and haemorheological abnormalities . ^^^ There were no differences in mean aqueous Ang 1 and Ang 2 levels in diabetics with or without proliferative DR compared with controls . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Ang 1 and Ang 2 do not significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of DR . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The potentiated response was specific for BK , since Ang ( 1 7 ) did not augment the vasodilation produced by either acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside ; further , it was specific for Ang ( 1 7 ) , since neither Ang 1 nor Ang 2 augmented the BK response . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| With this model , we were able to show that renin acts at the site of the vascular wall , rather than in the lumen , to generate ANG 1 , which is subsequently converted to ANG 2 . ^^^ Locally formed ANG 1 was converted to ANG 2 more effectively than infused ANG 1 . ^^^ We did additional studies to examine the conversion step from ANG 1 to ANG 2 in the vessel wall . ^^^ We perfused hindlimbs from Sprague Dawley rats with ANG 1 and observed ANG 2 production , which was linear over a 10 , 000 fold concentration range of ANG 1 . ^^^ Taken together , these results demonstrate ( 1 ) the cleavage of local angiotensinogen to ANG 1 within the vascular wall by renin , ( 2 ) renin uptake from the circulation to evoke that local effect , and ( 3 ) a potential regulatory effect by vascular tissue ACE on ANG 2 production in the vessel wall . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : One day after induction of Thy 1 . 1 glomerulonephritis , rats were treated with increasing doses of the Ang 1 converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor enalapril and / or the Ang 2 receptor blocker losartan in the drinking water . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Administration of dogfish angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) ( [ Asn 1 , Pro 3 , Ile 5 , Gln 9 ] ANG 1 ) resulted in a contraction similar to that produced by ANG 2 and the effect could be blocked with 10 ( 7 ) M captopril . ^^^ The mammalian ANG 2 receptor antagonists [ Sar 1 , Ile 8 ] ANG 2 and [ Sar 1 , Ala 8 ] ANG 2 caused dose dependent contractions of coeliac artery rings , but were less potent than homologous ANG 1 and ANG 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang ( 1 7 ) can be converted directly from Ang 1 bypassing prerequisite formation of Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Urinary excretion rates of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , and angiotensin ( 1 7 ) [ Ang ( 1 7 ) ] were determined in normotensive Sprague Dawley ( SD ) , spontaneously hypertensive ( SHR ) , and mRen 2 transgenic hypertensive animals before and following blockade of Ang 2 synthesis or activity for two weeks . ^^^ In SD rats , lisinopril or lisinopril and losartan produced a sustained rise in urinary levels of Ang ( 1 7 ) without changes in the excretion of Ang 1 and Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , Ang 2 , Ang ( 1 7 ) , and metabolites in the adrenal , kidney and heart of normotensive female Sprague Dawley ( SD ) and transgenic hypertensive [ TGR ( mRen 2 ) 27 ] rats carrying the murine Ren 2d renin gene . ^^^ The monogenetic model of hypertensive rats had significant increases in adrenal Ang 2 ; whereas in the kidney Ang 2 was unchanged , but Ang 1 and Ang ( 1 7 ) were significantly lower . ^^^ Cardiac Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Ang ( 2 10 ) were significantly reduced in transgenic rats , while Ang ( 2 7 ) was increased . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both ACE inhibitors decreased plasma ANG 2 associated with large increases in plasma ANG 1 . ^^^ They also inhibited the increases in LV ANG 2 in both the infarct and infarct free LV at 1 and 3 days post MI with however no significant increase in LV ANG 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma renin activity was markedly suppressed in the Ang 2 infused rats compared with vehicle infused rats ( 0 . 1+ / 0 . 01 versus 4 . 9+ / 0 . 9 ng of Ang 1 . mL 1 . h 1 ; P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Of the active fragments studied to date , Ang ( l 7 ) is the most pleiotropic of the Ang 1 metabolities because it exerts effects that may be identical or opposite to those of Ang 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| When responses were compared , Ang 4 , LeuAng 4 , and Ang 1 ( 3 10 ) were equipotent and were approximately 100 to 300 fold less potent than Ang 2 when dosages are expressed on a nanomolar basis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Human , primate , and dog chymase generate angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) from Ang 1 , while mouse and rat chymases degrade Ang 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Contraction induced by extracellular application of Ang 2 and of Ang 1 was abolished by extracellular pre treatment with saralasin or CV 11947 ( P < 0 . 05 ) , but not with PD 123319 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : We have previously demonstrated that angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) levels in the interstitial fluid ( ISF ) space of the heart are higher than in the blood plasma and do not change after systemic infusion of Ang 1 . ^^^ ISF infusion of Ang 1 increased ISF Ang 2 levels 100 fold ( P < 0 . 01 ) , whereas aortic and coronary sinus plasma Ang 1 and 2 levels were unaffected and were 100 fold lower than ISF levels . ^^^ Compared with ISF infusion of Ang 1 alone , Ang I+cap ( n=4 ) produced a greater reduction in ISF Ang 2 levels than did Ang I+chy ( n=4 ) ( 71 % versus 43 % , P < 0 . 01 ) , whereas Ang I+cap+chy produced a 100 % decrease in ISF Ang 2 levels . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : This study demonstrates for the first time a very high capacity for conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 mediated by both ACE and chymase in the ISF space of the dog heart in vivo . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We studied the effects of ACE and chymase inhibitors on the contractile response to angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) in human resistance arteries to investigate ACE independent generation of Ang 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using extracellular electrophysiological recording in an in vitro slice preparation , we investigated whether ANG 1 can be locally converted to the functionally active ANG 2 within the rat subfornical organ ( SFO ) . ^^^ ANG 1 and ANG 2 ( 10 ( 8 ) 10 ( 7 ) M ) excited approximately 75 % of all neurons tested with both peptides ( n = 25 ) ; the remainder were insensitive . ^^^ The increase in firing rate and the duration and the latency of the responses of identical neurons , superfused with equimolar concentrations of ANG 1 and ANG 2 , were not different . ^^^ The threshold concentrations of the ANG 1 and ANG 2 induced excitations were both 10 ( 9 ) M . ^^^ The AT 1 receptor antagonist losartan ( 10 ( 5 ) M ; n = 6 ) abolished the excitation caused by ANG 1 and ANG 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In Con , PRA decreased from 4 . 2 + / 0 . 7 to 2 . 5 + / 0 . 5 ng ANG 1 . ml 1 . h 1 , and plasma ANG 2 decreased from 11 . 9 + / 3 . 0 to 8 . 2 + / 2 . 1 pg / ml . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Good agreement of the range of ANG 2 plasma level between the present ( 25 47 fmol / ml in plasma ) and the radioimmunoassay methods ( 28 52 fmol / ml in plasma ) indicated that the column switching method could be applicable for the determination of endogenous smaller ANGs as well as for ANG 1 or 2 in plasma . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Light microscopic immunohistochemistry was performed to detect cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , Ang 1 , and Ang 2 and cellular components such as retinal pigment epithelial ( RPE ) cells , macrophages , and endothelial cells . ^^^ RESULTS : Ang 1 and Ang 2 were positive in all surgically excised CNVMs , regardless of the primary disease . ^^^ Double staining revealed that many of the cytokeratin , CD 68 and factor 8 positive cells also had Ang 1 and Ang 2 immunoreactivities . ^^^ In contrast to Ang 1 , Ang 2 immunoreactivity tends to be higher in the highly vascularized regions of many CNVMs , and the localization was very similar to that of VEGF staining . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present experiments explored the possibility that under conditions of marked elevations of blood borne ANG 1 , the generation of ANG 2 takes place within brain associated target tissues , most notably circumventricular organs ( CVOs ) that lack a blood brain barrier . ^^^ This result indicates that under physiological / pathophysiological conditions associated with large elevations of circulating ANG 1 , an important part of the biological responses derived from blood borne ANG may result from local conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 within specific brain target tissues which have high concentrations of converting enzyme . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The decrease in perfusion pressure observed with bradykinin was potentiated by ANG 1 but not by ANG 2 . ^^^ The potentiation of the bradykinin response in the presence of ANG 1 may serve to buffer the vasoconstriction produced by ANG 2 in the fetoplacental circulation . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The aim of the present study was to quantify with a uniform technique the rates of conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 in the lung and kidney and the degradation of both peptides to biologically inactive products in the pulmonary , renal , and systemic circulation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the present study , we tested for endosomal ANG 1 , ANG 2 , angiotensin type 1A receptor ( AT ( 1A ) ) , and angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) activity and determined whether these levels are regulated by salt intake . ^^^ Kidney ANG 1 averaged 179 + / 20 fmol / g and ANG 2 averaged 258 + / 36 fmol / g in rats fed a high sodium diet and were significantly higher , averaging 347 + / 58 fmol / g and 386 + / 55 fmol / g , respectively , in rats fed a low salt diet . ^^^ Renal intermicrovillar clefts and endosomes contained ANG 1 and ANG 2 . ^^^ Intermicrovillar cleft ANG 1 and ANG 2 levels averaged 8 . 4 + / 2 . 6 and 74 + / 26 fmol / mg , respectively , in rats fed a high salt diet and 7 . 6 + / 1 . 7 and 70 + / 25 fmol / mg in rats fed a low salt diet . ^^^ Endosomal ANG 1 and ANG 2 levels averaged 12 . 3 + / 4 . 4 and 43 + / 19 fmol / mg , respectively , in rats fed a high salt diet , and these levels were similar to those observed in rats fed a low salt diet . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) converts angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and metabolizes bradykinin and kallidin peptides . ^^^ ACE inhibition reduced Ang 2 levels , which was associated with an 80 % reduction in the Ang II / Ang 1 ratio . ^^^ The 80 % reduction in the Ang II / Ang 1 ratio by ACE inhibition indicated a primary role for ACE in the conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 in atrial tissue . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The availability of selective , potent , orally active and long acting nonpeptide Ang 2 type 1 ( AT 1 ) receptor antagonists provided the opportunity to obtain the benefits of selectively blocking the RAAS at the level of the AT 1 receptor that mediates most , if not all , of the important actions of Ang 2 , and avoid the nonspecificity of the Ang 1 converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| While either Ang 1 or Ang 2 alone had hematopoietic effects on unseparated bone marrow cells and no effect on proliferation of endothelial cells , both enhanced the growth of endothelial cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells in the presence of VEGF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Prorenin , renin and angiotensinogen were measured by enzyme kinetic assay ; Ang 1 and Ang 2 were measured by radioimmunoassay after SepPak extraction and HPLC separation . ^^^ When incubated with Ang 1 , both myocytes and fibroblasts generated Ang 2 in a captopril inhibitable manner . ^^^ Myocyte and fibroblast cell lysates did not contain prorenin , renin , angiotensinogen , Ang 1 or Ang 2 in detectable quantities . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Lowering RPP increased the renal venous / arterial ratio from 1 . 4+ / 0 . 1 to 3 . 6+ / 0 . 3 for plasma renin activity and from 2 . 4+ / 0 . 2 to 9 . 8+ / 1 . 1 for Ang 1 , but did not change the venous / arterial ratio for Ang 2 . ^^^ The net renal venous conversion rate of Ang 1 to Ang 2 decreased from 0 . 22 to 0 . 09 after RPP was lowered , whereas the conversion rate in arterial blood was 1 . 35 and did not decrease significantly . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Pulmonary inactivation of BK ( % ) was determined by comparing equipotent doses of BK injected by the intravenous and intraaortic routes , and Ang 1 conversion ( % ) by comparing the pressor effect of Ang 1 and Ang 2 injected intravenously . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Hormonal effects of ACE , ACE inhibitors , synthetic bullfrog ANG 1 , and [ Val ( 5 ) ] ANG 2 were determined in frog testis of prereproductive period . ^^^ Production of 17beta estradiol , progesterone , androgens , and PGE ( 2 ) and PGF ( 2alpha ) was determined by incubating frog testes with ACE ( 2 . 5 mU / ml ) , captopril ( 0 . 1 mM ) , lisinopril ( 0 . 1 mM ) , [ Val ( 5 ) ] ANG 2 ( 1 microM ) , and synthetic bullfrog ANG 1 ( 1 microM ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| There were no differences in supine plasma levels of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Ang ( 5 8 ) between the NT and HT groups : Ang 1 , 304 + / 43 fmol / ml vs . 293 + / 15 fmol / ml ; Ang 2 , 32 + / 6 fmol / ml vs . 43 + / 10 fmol / ml ; Ang ( 5 8 ) , 176 + / 22 fmol / ml vs . 133 + / 32 fmol / ml . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Not only angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) but also other angiotensin metabolites such as angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiotensin 3 ( Ang 3 ) , angiotensin 4 , or angiotensin 1 7 have recently been reported to have various activities . ^^^ Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Ang 3 made TF and PAI 1 mRNA inductions which were inhibited by an selective antagonist of angiotensin 2 type 1 receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 1 metabolism in the collected perfusate revealed the formation of Ang ( 1 7 ) that was sensitive only to thimet oligopeptidase inhibition ; Ang 2 generation was not detected . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The aims of this study were to investigate 1 ) the endothelial cell capacity to convert Ang 1 to Ang 2 , 2 ) the effects of endocrine and paracrine / autocrine factors on Ang 2 production in microvascular endothelial cells ( MVE ) derived from the developing corpora lutea ( CL ) , and 3 ) the relationship between Ang 2 peptide concentration and expression of mRNA for angiotensin type 1 and 2 receptors ( ATR 1 and AT2R ) in the bovine CL at different stages of the estrous cycle . ^^^ When Ang 1 was added to the MVE at a concentration of 10 ( 9 ) M , it was converted to Ang 2 ( 21 % ) . ^^^ The production of Ang 2 from Ang 1 time dependently rose for 24 h . ^^^ Results demonstrated that Ang 2 is generated from Ang 1 in MVE isolated from the developing bovine CL , indicating that MVE have ACE activity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although there are theories postulating why blocking the harmful effects of Ang 2 at this receptor would be more effective than inhibiting ACE mediated conversion from inactive Ang 1 to Ang 2 , extrapolation to the clinical setting remains highly speculative . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| On the other hand , rat chymase could not convert ANG 1 to ANG 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Exogenous administration of angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) or angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) directly into the sponges enhanced angiogenesis , as determined from the hemoglobin contents in the sponge granuloma tissues . ^^^ Chymostatin , an inhibitor of chymase , inhibited angiogenesis induced by Ang 1 but not by Ang 2 , suggesting the presence of a chymase like Ang 2 generating activity in the sponge granuloma . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ACE catalyzes the conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 , which in turn stimulates the production of PAI 1 , sensitizes platelets , promotes the production of superoxide radicals that scavenge free NO , and induces the expression of tissue factor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The conversion of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) may prove to be the most important aspect of species variation . ^^^ Specifically , chymase , the most important enzyme responsible for non ACE conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 , shows striking species variation . ^^^ In humans and a number of species , including the hamster , quantitatively important chymase independent Ang 2 formation from Ang 1 occurs in the heart , arteries , and kidney . ^^^ In rats and rabbits , on the other hand , chymase differs , is not active in the conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 , and indeed is involved in Ang 2 degradation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The Ang 1 response was also significantly reduced with spironolactone ( P < 0 . 05 ) , with Ang 2 responses unaltered . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Exogenous administration not only of Ang 2 but of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) directly into the sponges could enhance angiogenesis . ^^^ Chymostatin inhibited the angiogenesis induced by Ang 1 but not Ang 2 , suggesting the presence of a chymase like Ang 2 generating activity in the sponge granulomas . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : Ang 1 and 2 concentration response curves in human and porcine coronary arteries ( HCAs , PCAs ) were constructed in relation to estimates of the clearances of Ang 1 and 2 ( ClAngI , ClAngII ) from the organ bath and the release of newly formed Ang 2 ( RAngII ) into the bath fluid . ^^^ In HCAs Ang 2 was only three times more potent than Ang 1 , wheres , in the experiments with Ang 1 , comparison of ClAngI with ClAngII and RAngII indicated that most of the arterially produced Ang 2 did not reach the bath fluid . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we quantify ACE genotype related Ang 1 to Ang 2 conversion in the human forearm and leg using non pressor 125I Ang 1 infusions . ^^^ DESIGN AND METHODS : Infusions were given to 12 women and 17 men ( age 24 67 years ) who were undergoing renal vein sampling followed by renal angiography for diagnostic purposes . 125I Ang 1 was infused for 20 min into the right antecubital vein , and blood samples for the measurement of 125I labelled and endogenous Ang 1 and Ang 2 were taken from the aorta , the left antecubital vein and a femoral vein under steady state conditions . ^^^ RESULTS : Fractional conversion ( i . e . the percentage of arterially delivered 125I Ang 1 that is converted to 125I Ang 2 ) in the forearm ( 38+ / 4 , 30+ / 3 and 31+ / 6 % in 8 2 , 16 ID and 5 DD subjects , respectively ; mean + / SEM ) and leg ( 52+ / 4 , 48+ / 3 and 42+ / 5 % ) was similar in all three groups . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Regional Ang 1 to Ang 2 conversion does not parallel the previously described D allele related differences in ACE concentration , suggesting that effects other than enhanced conversion may underlie the reported associations between the D allele and various cardiovascular diseases . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : L 158 , 809 did not affect the levels of endogenous Ang 1 and 2 or the levels of plasma 125I Ang 2 . ^^^ Aortic Ang 1 and 2 levels ( 22 and 16 fmol / ml ; geometric mean of eight pigs ) were comparable to coronary venous Ang 1 and 2 levels , whereas the coronary venous 125I Ang 2 levels ( 6650 c . p . m . / ml ) were approximately 30 times higher than those in the aorta . ^^^ In treated animals , tissue 125I Ang 2 was < 5 % of coronary venous 125I Ang 2 and became undetectable within 15 min . 125I Ang 2 , Ang 1 and Ang 2 levels in the interstitial fluid were close to or below the detection limit ( 200 c . p . m . , 60 fmol and 20 fmol per ml , respectively ) in all animals . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Even in normal conditions , intrarenal Ang 2 content is greater than can be explained on the basis of circulating Ang 2 and is compartmentalized with proximal tubule concentrations of Ang 1 and Ang 2 being several times higher than plasma concentrations . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| During ACE inhibition only the 30 ng / kg / min Ang 1 dose raised plasma Ang 2 levels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 2 counteracts this effect by competitively inhibiting the binding of Ang 1 to Tie 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The angiopoietins ( Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) and Tie 2 ligand receptor system is essential for the regulation of vascular maturation and stability during embryonic development . ^^^ The findings suggested a role of the Ang 1 / Tie2 pathway in the maintenance of the complex vasculature in normal lung , while collaborative activities between the Ang 2 and VEGF pathways might be important in promoting tumour angiogenesis in NSCLC . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS AND RESULTS : The Ang 2 formation was increased time dependently after incubation in an extract ( 1 mg of protein / mL ) of human vascular tissues containing Ang 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In isolated mesenteric arteries from 1K1C RHR and 2K1C RHR , angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and tetradecapeptide ( TDP ) , a physiologically active renin substrate , produced concentration dependent vasoconstriction . ^^^ YM 358 ( 10 ( 7 ) M ) inhibited the vasoconstricting responses to Ang 2 , Ang 1 and TDP in isolated mesenteric arteries . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To assess the importance for vasoconstriction of in situ angiotensin ( Ang ) 2 generation , as opposed to Ang 2 delivery via the circulation , we determined forearm vasoconstriction in response to Ang 1 ( 0 . 1 to 10 ng . kg ( 1 ) . min ( 1 ) ) and Ang 2 ( 0 . 1 to 5 ng . kg ( 1 ) . min ( 1 ) ) in 14 normotensive male volunteers ( age 18 to 67 years ) . ^^^ Ang 1 and 2 exerted the same maximal effect ( mean+ / SEM 71+ / 4 % and 75+ / 4 % decrease in FBF , respectively ) , with similar potencies ( mean EC ( 50 ) [ range ] 5 . 6 [ 0 . 30 to 12 . 0 ] nmol / L for Ang 1 and 3 . 6 [ 0 . 37 to 7 . 1 ] nmol / L for Ang 2 ) . ^^^ In conclusion , the similar potencies of Ang 1 and 2 in the forearm , combined with the fact that only one third of arterially delivered Ang 1 is converted to Ang 2 , suggest that in situ generated Ang 2 is more important for vasoconstriction than circulating Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Elution times for both peptide families , ANG 1 , ANG 2 , ANG 3 , ANG 4 , ANG 2 ( 4 8 ) , bET 1 , ET 1 , ET 2 and ET 3 were within 25 min . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin ( 1 7 ) , ( Ang ( 1 7 ) ) , a metabolite of Ang 2 and / or Ang 1 , was infused into the renal artery ( i . r . a ) of anesthetized dogs in order to demonstrate its possible direct renal action . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) stimulates endothelial and vascular network differentiation through the Tie 2 receptor tyrosine kinase , while Ang 2 modulates this activation in embryo and tumor growth . ^^^ Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) stimulates endothelial and vascular network differentiation through the Tie 2 receptor tyrosine kinase , while Ang 2 modulates this activation in embryo and tumor growth . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although Ang 2 is known to be a naturally occurring antagonist of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) in vivo , the exact function of Ang 2 itself is not known . ^^^ These findings indicate that at high concentrations , Ang 2 , like Ang 1 , can be an apoptosis survival factor for endothelial cells through the activation of the Tie 2 receptor , PI 3 ' kinase and Akt , and thus may be a positive regulator of tumor angiogenesis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To determine coronary angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to Ang 2 conversion and to distinguish plasma derived Ang 2 from locally synthesized Ang 2 , ( 125 ) 1 labeled and endogenous Ang 1 and 2 were measured in plasma and in infarcted and noninfarcted left ventricle ( LV ) during ( 125 ) 1 Ang 1 infusion . ^^^ Coronary Ang 1 to Ang 2 conversion was unaffected by MI . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Similarly , the percentage of myocytes containing renin , Ang 1 , and Ang 2 increases as well . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction , Ang 2 and Ang 3 mRNA were detected but Ang 1 and Tie 2 transcripts were absent . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The Tie 2 receptor has been implicated in stabilization and maturation of vessels through action of an agonist ligand , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and an antagonistic ligand , Ang 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Renin activity in explants is increased by ANG 2 treatment ( 70 . 1 + / 6 . 36 vs . 40 . 97 + / 1 . 94 pg ANG 1 . kidney ( 1 ) . h ( 1 ) in control ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| LBNP increased ( P < 0 . 05 ) p ( RA ) and p ( ANG 2 ) , respectively , more in the HiTol group ( 9 . 9 + / 2 . 2 ng ANG 1 . ml ( 1 ) . h ( 1 ) and 58 + / 12 pg / ml ) than in LoTol subjects ( 4 . 3 + / 0 . 9 ng ANG 1 . ml ( 1 ) . h ( 1 ) and 28 + / 6 pg / ml ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In rats , TCV 116 inhibited the pressor responses to Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Ang 3 without an effect on the bradykinin ( BK ) induced depressor response . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Inhibition of angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) synthesis is subtotal , however , because local non ACE enzymes also convert Ang 1 to Ang 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction products equated to cDNA for VEGF , Ang 1 and Ang 2 in all corpora lutea . ^^^ Ang 1 and Ang 2 mRNA expression was low in the early to mid luteal phase but increased ( P : < 0 . 05 ) at late luteal phase before declining at menstruation . ^^^ These data suggest transcriptional control of VEGF , Ang 1 and Ang 2 , as well as post transcriptional control of VEGF , in macaque corpus luteum . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , it showed a greatly restricted proteolytic activity towards Ang 1 , and formed Ang 2 without the further cleavage which is a feature of h chymase . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The angiogenesis / vasculogenesis pathway is required for embryonic survival and includes several receptors ( VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , Tie 2 ) and ligands ( VEGF , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , neuropillin ) . ^^^ Ang 1 and Tie 2 decreased in trophoblastic giant cells and Ang 2 was decreased in placental endothelial cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A main stimulator for angiogenesis is vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , while the angiopoietins ( Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) may be important modulators . ^^^ The aim of this study was to investigate the localization of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , their common receptor Tie 2 , and VEGF messenger ribonucleic acid ( mRNA ) at the different stages of the functional luteal phase and after rescue by hCG . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Early effects of hypoxia / reoxygenation on VEGF , ang 1 , ang 2 and their receptors in the rat myocardium : implications for myocardial angiogenesis . ^^^ The most significant and interesting relationship which came to light was the surprisingly coincident yet opposite temporal trends between Ang 1 and Ang 2 protein levels . ^^^ In the 1 h hypoxia group , there was significant induction of Ang 2 expression ( 31 . 3 % compared to its baseline control ) in contrast to relatively mild Ang 1 expression ( 23 . 8 % compared to its baseline control ) . ^^^ Thereafter Ang 1 displayed a progressive increase in expression , parallel to a progressive decrease in Ang 2 expression , becoming most pronounced in the 4 h hypoxia group ( Ang 1 , 50 % and Ang 2 , 12 . 6 % compared to respective baseline control values ) . ^^^ This suggests that despite their being antagonists at the receptor level , regulation of Ang 1 and Ang 2 protein levels in response to hypoxia runs much deeper and seems to indicate modulatory control at the transcriptional and / or translational level . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We tested the effects of Ang 2 on Ang 1 , Ang 2 , or Tie 2 expression in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells expressing the Ang 2 receptors AT ( 1 ) and AT ( 2 ) . ^^^ Ang 2 significantly induced Ang 2 mRNA accumulations without affecting Ang 1 or Tie 2 expression , which was inhibited by protein kinase C inhibitors and by intracellular Ca ( 2+ ) chelating agents . ^^^ Although neither Ang 2 nor Ang 1 alone induced angiogenesis , soluble Tie 2 Fc that binds to angiopoietins attenuated AT ( 1 ) mediated angiogenesis . ^^^ These findings suggested that ( 1 ) Ang 2 induces Ang 2 and VEGF expression without affecting Ang 1 or Tie 2 and ( 2 ) AT ( 1 ) stimulates processing of pro HB EGF by metalloproteinases , and the released HB EGF transactivates EGFR to induce angiogenesis via the combined effect of Ang 2 and VEGF , whereas AT ( 2 ) attenuates them by blocking EGFR phosphorylation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The sensitivity to Ang 2 in these vessels was similar to that for Ang 1 . ^^^ We concluded that regional differences in the response to Ang 1 exist in vascular tissues , and the ratio of ACE to chymase dependent Ang 2 formation is different in the various vessels . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Basal ANG ( 1 7 ) , ANG 1 , ANG 2 , and renin concentrations were measured in plasma from ovine fetuses and their mothers ( n = 10 ) at 111 days of gestation . ^^^ In the fetus , concentrations of ANG 1 , ANG ( 1 7 ) , and ANG 2 were 86 + / 21 , 13 + / 2 , and 14 + / 2 fmol / ml , respectively . ^^^ In the ewe , concentrations of ANG 1 were significantly lower ( 20 + / 4 fmol / ml , P < 0 . 05 ) as were concentrations of ANG ( 1 7 ) ( 2 . 9 + / 0 . 6 fmol / ml ) , whereas ANG 2 concentrations were not different ( 10 + / 1 fmol / ml ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the hypothalamus , Ang 1 level was markedly lower ( 31+ / 9 versus 76+ / 13 pg / g , P < 0 . 05 ) and Ang 2 level tended to be lower in the transgenic versus Sprague Dawley rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Immunohistochemical analyses indicated that Ang 1 is selectively expressed in vascular muscular cells , whereas angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and Tie 2 are selectively expressed in endothelial cells . ^^^ Accordingly , Ang 1 mRNA is mainly expressed in cultured porcine coronary artery vascular smooth muscle cells , whereas Ang 2 and Tie 2 mRNAs are mainly expressed in cultured porcine coronary artery endothelial cells ( PCAECs ) . ^^^ Ang 1 ( 200 ng / ml ) induced Tie 2 phosphorylation , while Ang 2 ( 200 ng / ml ) did not produce Tie 2 phosphorylation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Over 60 % of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) is activated to angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) in a single transit through the gill lamellae by pillar cell angiotensin converting enzyme , whereas both ANG 1 and 2 are inactivated by the non lamellar filamental vasculature . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The endothelial cell ( EC ) specific tyrosine kinase receptor , Tie 2 , interacts with at least two ligands , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) . ^^^ Ang 1 stimulates Tie 2 receptor autophosphorylation , while Ang 2 has been reported to inhibit Ang 1 induced Tie 2 receptor autophosphorylation . ^^^ We studied the effects of Ang 1 and Ang 2 in an in vitro model of angiogenesis . ^^^ Human ECs ( HUVEC ) , cultured on 3 D fibrin matrices , were treated with conditioned media ( CM ) from stably transfected cells expressing human Ang 1 or Ang 2 , or with purified recombinant proteins . ^^^ Interestingly , CM from two independent cell lines overexpressing Ang 2 also produced a significant increase in EC differentiation ( DI : 9 . 22+ / 3 . 00 and 9 . 72+ / 4 . 84 , both P < 0 . 005 vs . control ) although the degree of angiogenesis was significantly less then that seen with Ang 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We assayed the activity of the endogenous enzyme and of a recombinant , epitope tagged chymase in transfected smooth muscle cells and showed that Ang 2 production from Ang 1 can be inhibited with chymostatin , but not EDTA or captopril . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we investigated the effect of angiotensin 2 ( AII ) on Ang 1 and Ang 2 expression in cultured bovine retinal endothelial cells ( BRECs ) . ^^^ AII stimulated Ang 2 but not Ang 1 mRNA expression in a dose and time dependent manner . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we report that in addition to vascular endothelial growth factor A ( VEGF A ) , human endometrium expresses messenger ribonucleic acids ( mRNAs ) encoding VEGF C , placenta growth factor ( PlGF ) , the angiopoietins , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and Ang 2 , and the receptors VEGFR 3 ( Flt 4 ) , Tie 1 , and Tie 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In theophylline experiments , PRA ( 5 . 9 + / 0 . 8 ng ANG 1 . ml ( 1 ) . h ( 1 ) ) and ANG 2 plasma concentration ( 15 . 9 + / 2 . 3 pg / ml ) did not decrease during hypoxia , whereas plasma aldosterone concentration decreased from 277 + / 63 to 132 + / 23 pg / ml ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ In control experiments , PRA decreased from 6 . 8 + / 0 . 8 during normoxia to 3 . 0 + / 0 . 5 ng ANG 1 . ml ( 1 ) . h ( 1 ) during hypoxia , ANG 2 decreased from 13 . 3 + / 1 . 9 to 7 . 3 + / 1 . 9 pg / ml , and plasma aldosterone concentration decreased from 316 + / 50 to 70 + / 13 pg / ml ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To define a role for the angiopoietin / Tie2 system in astrocytoma angiogenesis , we examined the expression of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) in these tumors by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression profiles of low grade astrocytoma specimens were similar to those of normal brain , with low levels of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and VEGF expression . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using probes specific for two recently described ligands for tie 2 , Ang 1 and Ang 2 , we have shown that mRNA encoding Ang 1 is upregulated when 3T3 L 1 fibroblasts are differentiated to adipocytes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| MATERIALS AND METHODS : The circulating and bladder tissue concentrations of ANG 1 and ANG 2 were examined in anesthetized Sprague Dawley female rats in estrus , diestrus or pregnancy . ^^^ RESULTS : The mean concentrations of ANG 1 and ANG 2 were markedly higher in bladder tissue than in whole blood at the highest levels in pregnancy . ^^^ The concentration of ANG 1 and ANG 2 increased significantly in the bladder tissue and circulation after the ANG 1 infusion in estrus and diestrus . ^^^ In pregnancy only circulatory ANG 1 increased , while circulatory ANG 2 , tissue ANG 1 and ANG 2 remained unchanged . ^^^ Enalaprilat infusion was associated with an increased concentration of whole blood ANG 1 in all groups and decreased plasma ANG 2 in estrus and diestrus but not in pregnancy . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The plasma levels of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , ANG 2 , and bradykinin as well as plasma renin activity ( PRA ) showed a significant increase in HRT in the hypertensive group , but not in the normotensive group . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : In 35 patients with UA , 32 with stable effort angina ( SA ) and 21 with atypical chest pain ( controls ) , cardiac RAS was investigated during coronary angiography after five days of Holter monitoring by combining the measurement of aorta coronary sinus gradient for Ang 1 and Ang 2 with the kinetics study of 125I Ang 1 . ^^^ RESULTS : Cardiac Ang 2 generation was higher in patients with UA than it was in patients with SA or in controls ( p < 0 . 001 ) due to increased de novo cardiac Ang 1 formation and its enhanced fractional conversion rate to Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We examined mRNA and protein expression of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and Ang 2 by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction , in situ hybridization , and Western blot in BAVMs and control brains obtained from temporal lobectomy for medically intractable seizures . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In 76 patients with heart failure ( HF ) ( New York Heart Association [ NYHA ] classes 1 through 4 ) and in 15 control subjects , cardiac angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) generation and its relationship with left ventricular function were investigated by measuring aorta coronary sinus concentration gradients of endogenous angiotensins and in a part of patients by studying ( 125 ) 1 labeled Ang 1 kinetics . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Further studies were then needed to demonstrate that Ang 1 is converted via an angiotensin converting enzyme to Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A H / S diet alone did not alter systolic blood pressure in sham animals ( 109+ / 6 mm Hg at day 12 ) ; however , Ang 2 infusions to the H / S rats significantly increased systolic blood pressure ( 167+ / 7 at day 12 ) and intrarenal Ang 2 content ( 459+ / 107 fmol / g versus 270+ / 42 ) despite a marked suppression of plasma renin activity ( 0 . 9+ / 0 . 2 ng Ang 1 . mL ( 1 ) . h ( 1 ) versus 2 . 8+ / 1 . 3 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin ( 1 7 ) [ Ang ( 1 7 ) ] , which can be formed directly from angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) bypassing the requisite production of Ang 2 , is a bioactive component of the renin angiotensin system that may oppose the actions of Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : Expression of VEGF , Ang 1 , and Ang 2 in surgically removed human choroidal neovascular membranes ( CNVMs ) was analyzed by double label confocal immunofluorescence microscopy . ^^^ Northern blot analysis was performed to examine the time course and dose response of Ang 1 and Ang 2 mRNA expression . mRNA stability and nuclear run on analyses were performed . ^^^ Secreted Ang 1 and Ang 2 protein levels in conditioned media from RPE cells were examined by Western blot analysis . ^^^ RESULTS : Ang 1 and Ang 2 immunostaining colocalized with VEGF positive stromal cells in human CNVMS : Ang 1 and Ang 2 mRNAs were expressed by cultured serum starved RPE cells . ^^^ VEGF upregulated Ang 1 mRNA in a time and dose dependent manner without a significant change in Ang 2 mRNA . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Because plasma concentrations of angiotensinogen are close to the Michaelis Menten constant , it was hypothesized that changes in circulating angiotensinogen affect the formation rate of ANG 1 and ANG 2 and , therefore , blood pressure . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) was a major product ( 39 . 3+ / 4 . 10 nmol 10 h ( 1 ) mL ( 1 ) , n = 5 ) of Ang 1 hydrolysis . ^^^ Chymostatin ( 0 . 05 mmol / L ) , EDTA ( 1 mmol / L ) , enalaprilat ( 0 . 1 mmol / L ) , and ebelacton B ( 0 . 01 mmol / L ) inhibited generation of Ang 2 from Ang 1 by guinea pig aqueous humor by 89+ / 4 . 6 , 56+ / 7 . 6 , 33+ / 5 . 1 , 20+ / 6 . 5 % , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Functional evidence indicates that this dose of captopril blocked production of ANG 2 in the peripheral circulation , but not in the brain ; that is , injection of ANG 1 into the lateral brain ventricle stimulated intake of both water and 0 . 3 M NaCl . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recent studies have shown that novel angiogenic factors , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and 2 ( Ang 2 ) , play important roles in the modulation of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Northern and Western blotting , we demonstrated that Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Tie 2 were expressed during early metanephrogenesis when interstitial and glomerular capillaries begin to form . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 2 and Ang 1 enhanced [ ( 3 ) H ] NA release in a concentration dependent manner . ^^^ The Ang 2 receptor subtype 1 ( AT ( 1 ) receptor ) antagonist losartan and the AT ( 2 ) receptor antagonist PD 123319 inhibited this facilitatory effect of Ang 2 and Ang 1 , whereas the other AT ( 2 ) receptor antagonist , CGP 42112 , was without effect . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| On each tissue samples and plasma , angiotensinogen ( Aogen ) , the renin activity , angiotensins 1 ( Ang 1 ) and 2 ( Ang 2 ) were determined by radioimmuno assay and the activity of ACE was measured by fluorimetry . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : Prolonged angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor therapy leads to angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) accumulation , which may `` escape ' ' ACE inhibition , generate Ang 2 , stimulate the Ang 2 subtype 1 ( AT 1 ) receptor , and exert deleterious renal effects in patients with chronic renal diseases . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| VEGF and Ang 1 mRNA were predominantly expressed by astrocytes , while Ang 2 mRNA was specifically induced at the tip of invading endothelial cell cords . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To determine which angiogenic factors contribute to PNET / MB angiogenesis , we examined the expression of eight angiogenic factors ( vascular endothelial growth factors ( VEGF , VEGF B , VEGF C ) , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) , angiopoetins ( Ang 1 , Ang 2 ) , transforming growth factor ( TGF alpha ) , and platelet derived endothelial growth factor ( PDGF A ) ) by semi quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) in six PNET cell lines and 28 primary PNET / MB . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The enzyme cleaved Ang 1 into Ang 2 , and the optimal conditions were with pH 7 . 5 and 300 mM chloride . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| DABF and CVBF increased in a dose dependent manner following 4 doses of [ Asn ( 1 ) , Val ( 5 ) , Gly ( 9 ) ] angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , [ Asn ( 1 ) , Val ( 5 ) ] angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) , and [ Val ( 4 ) ] angiotensin 3 ( ANG 3 ) ranging from 5 to 50 ng 10 kg bw ( 1 ) . ^^^ A minimum effective dose for ANG 1 and ANG 2 was 5 ng 10 kg bw ( 1 ) ; that for ANG 3 was 10 ng 10 kg bw ( 1 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To assess the possible contribution of the circulatory and cardiac renin angiotensin system ( RAS ) to the cardiac hypertrophy induced by a beta agonist , the present study evaluated the effects of isoproterenol , alone or combined with an angiotensin 1 converting enzyme inhibitor or AT ( 1 ) receptor blocker , on plasma and LV renin activity , ANG 1 , and ANG 2 , as well as left ventricular ( LV ) and right ventricular ( RV ) weight . ^^^ Isoproterenol increased plasma renin , ANG 1 , and ANG 2 three to fourfold . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : 125I Ang 1 was undetectable in renal tissue but the steady state concentrations of 125I Ang 2 in cortical and medullary tissue were four and two times the concentration in arterial blood plasma , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Probes 1 and 3 sequentially delivered : 1 ) buffer ; 2 ) ANG 1 ( 15 microM ) ; 3 ) ANG 2 type 1 receptor antagonist ( AT ( 1 ) ant ; irbesartan , 50 microM ) or AT ( 2 ) ant ( PD 123319 , 50 microM ) ; and 4 ) ANG 1 + AT ( 1 ) ant or ANG 1 + AT ( 2 ) ant . ^^^ Probes 2 and 4 used the same protocol , substituting ANG 2 for ANG 1 in a concentration ( 0 . 5 microM ) equivalent to that achieved during ANG 1 infusion . ^^^ ISF BK levels increased 15 fold during ANG 1 ( p < 0 . 001 ) but not during ANG 2 infusion . ^^^ The differential increase in ISF BK during ANG 1 and ANG ( 1 7 ) but not during ANG 2 infusions suggests the possibility of decreased catabolism of ISF BK by an angiotensin converting enzyme due to active site occupation by ANG 1 and ANG ( 1 7 ) . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHOD : By means of immunostaining we studied vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , Tie 1 , Tie 2 , Ang 1 , Ang 2 in endothelial cells ( EC ) of CAVM ( 30 specimens ) and control cortical vessel ( 7 specimens ) in the temporal lobe . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| There was a dose dependent decrease in plasma renin activity , Ang 1 , and Ang 2 following single doses of Aliskiren starting with 40 mg . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Construction of concentration response curves to Ang 1 and 2 in porcine femoral arteries , in the absence or presence of the AT ( 1 ) or AT ( 2 ) receptor antagonists irbesartan and PD 123319 , revealed that the approximately 2 fold difference in potency between Ang 1 and 2 was not due to stimulation of different AT receptor populations by exogenous and locally generated Ang 2 . 3 . ^^^ Measurement of Ang 1 and 2 and their metabolites at the time of vasoconstriction confirmed that , at equimolar application of Ang 1 and 2 , bath fluid Ang 2 during Ang 1 was approximately 18 times lower than during Ang 2 and that Ang 2 was by far the most important metabolite of Ang 1 . ^^^ Tissue Ang 2 was 2 . 9+ / 1 . 5 % and 12 . 2+ / 2 . 4 % of the corresponding Ang 1 and 2 bath fluid levels , and was not affected by irbesartan or PD 123319 , suggesting that it was located extracellularly . 4 . ^^^ Since approximately 15 % of tissue weight consists of interstitial fluid , it can be calculated that interstitial Ang 2 levels during Ang 2 resemble bath fluid Ang 2 levels , whereas during Ang 1 they are 8 . 8 27 fold higher . ^^^ Consequently at equimolar application of Ang 1 and 2 , the interstitial Ang 2 levels differ only 2 4 fold . 5 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the present study , we performed experiments to explore renal interstitial fluid concentrations of Ang 1 and Ang 2 further and to determine whether these levels are altered by acute arterial infusion of an ACE inhibitor ( enalaprilat ) or by volume expansion . ^^^ Interstitial fluid Ang 1 concentrations ( 0 . 84+ / 0 . 04 nmol / L ) were consistently lower than the Ang 2 concentrations but higher than the plasma Ang 1 concentrations ( 112+ / 14 pmol / L ) . ^^^ Enalaprilat resulted in a significant increase in plasma Ang 1 from 133+ / 21 to 1167+ / 328 pmol / L and a decrease in plasma Ang 2 from 110+ / 12 to 67+ / 9 pmol / L . ^^^ During enalaprilat infusion , interstitial fluid concentration of Ang 1 was significantly increased from 0 . 78+ / 0 . 06 to 0 . 97+ / 0 . 08 nmol / L ; however , Ang 2 concentrations were not altered significantly ( 3 . 67+ / 0 . 28 versus 3 . 67+ / 0 . 25 nmol / L ) . ^^^ Acute volume loading with Ringer ' s solution containing 1 % bovine serum albumin at a rate of 150 microL / min for 2 hours ( 6 % to 7 % of body weight ) lowered plasma concentrations of Ang 1 from 110+ / 23 to 16+ / 2 pmol / L and Ang 2 from 100+ / 23 to 36+ / 6 pmol / L ; however , renal interstitial fluid concentrations of Ang 1 and Ang 2 were not altered significantly during volume expansion ( Ang 1 , from 0 . 77+ / 0 . 05 to 0 . 69+ / 0 . 03 nmol / L ; Ang 2 , from 3 . 76+ / 0 . 43 to 3 . 59+ / 0 . 39 nmol / L , n=5 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 2 , and VEGF expression in normal human renal cortex was examined with immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical analyses . ^^^ RNA and protein extracted from human glomeruli , cultured human podocytes , and cultured human endothelial cells were analyzed for Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Tie 2 by using reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| After 4 weeks , the rats were anaesthetised and truncal blood collected for determination of angiotensinogen , renin , angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , Ang 2 and aldosterone concentrations as well as angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) activity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVE : Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and Ang 2 are ligands for the receptor tyrosine kinase , Tie 2 . ^^^ Ang 1 , a Tie 2 agonist , may have a vascular stabilizing role in angiogenesis , while Ang 2 , an endogenous antagonist of Tie 2 , may have an early role in angiogenesis , destabilizing existing vasculature . ^^^ RESULTS : We observed constitutive expression of Ang 1 and Ang 2 in RSF and chronic inflamed synovial tissue . ^^^ Ang 1 was the most highly expressed ligand in late stage RA synovial fibroblasts ; however , in chronic inflamed synovial tissue , Ang 2 was predominant and was expressed at strikingly high levels ( 70 to 120 fold increase ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we examined the relationship between AML cells and endothelial cells by analyzing the expression profile of angiogenic factors , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , Ang 2 , Tie 2 ( a receptor for angiopoietins ) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) . ^^^ These results were supported by the study using AML cell lines , KG 1 ( CD 7 negative ) and its subline KG 1a ( CD 7 positive ) ; KG 1 had mRNA expression profile of Ang 1 ( + ) Ang 2 ( ) Tie 2 ( + ) , while KG 1a showed Ang 1 ( + ) Ang 2 ( + ) Tie 2 ( ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 2 infusion significantly increased UAGT ( 4 . 0 + / 0 . 5 vs . 1 . 0 + / 0 . 2 nmol Ang I / day by radioimmunoassay of generated Ang 1 ; 57 + / 15 vs . 14 + / 2 densitometric units by Western blotting analysis ) compared to Sham . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we evaluated whether estrogen modulates the activity and expression of Tie 2 receptors , Ang 1 and its endogenous antagonist ; angiopoietins 2 ( Ang 2 ) in non reproductive organs . ^^^ Our results suggest that the effects of estrogen on the vasculature of non reproductive organs require the inhibition of angiopoietin 1 Tie 2 receptor pathway and that this inhibition is achieved through simultaneous down regulation of Ang 1 and Tie 2 expression and elevation in Ang 2 expression . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Specifically , 1 ) VEGF / Flt and Ang 1 / Tie 2 may promote trophoblast growth , 2 ) VEGF / KDR and Ang 1 / Tie 2 may support fetoplacental vascular development and stabilization , 3 ) sFlt may balance VEGF actions , and 4 ) Ang 2 / Tie 2 may remodel the maternal vasculature . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) plays a crucial role in the generation of angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) via conversion from angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| After 4 weeks , blood was collected for determination of renin , angiotensinogen , Ang 1 , Ang 2 and aldosterone concentrations , as well as ACE activity . ( 3 ) The increase in systolic blood pressure in rats on the high salt diet was significantly greater than in those on the low ( P < 0 . 005 ) and intermediate salt diets ( P < 0 . 0005 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The Ang 2 precursor [ Pro 11 D Ala 12 ] Ang 1 was converted into Ang 2 by the rat MAB elastase 2 with catalytic efficiency of 8 . 6 min 1 microM 1 , and the chromogenic substrates N succinyl Ala Ala Pro Leu p nitroanilide and N succinyl Ala Ala Pro Phe p nitroanilide were hydrolyzed by the enzyme with catalytic efficiencies of 10 . 6 min 1 microM 1 and 7 . 6 min 1 microM 1 , respectively . ^^^ The non cleavable peptide inhibitor CH 5450 inhibited the rat MAB elastase 2 activities toward the substrates Ang 1 ( IC 50 = 49 microM ) and N succinly Ala Ala Pro Phe p nitroanilide ( IC 50 = 4 . 8 microM ) , whereas N acetyl Ala Ala Pro Leu chloromethylketone , an effective active site directed inhibitor of pancreatic elastase 2 , efficiently blocked the Ang 2 generating activity of the rat MAB enzyme ( IC 50 = 4 . 5 microM ) . ^^^ Moreover , the thus far unrealized interaction of elastase 2 with [ Pro 11 D Ala 12 ] Ang 1 and CH 5450 , both regarded as selective for chymases , suggests that evidence for the in vivo formation of Ang 2 by chymases may have been overestimated in previous investigations of Ang 2 forming pathways . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated the expression of Ang 1 and Ang 2 during multistep mouse skin carcinogenesis and in human squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC ) xenografts . ^^^ Expression of Ang 2 , but not of Ang 1 , was up regulated in angiogenic tumor vessels already in early stages of skin carcinogenesis and was also strongly increased in SCCs . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , to additionally investigate the issue of tumor dormancy we wished to assess the relationship between Mcm 2 labeling index ( LI ) and the angiogenic factors angiopoietin 1 ( Ang ) and Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We further tested the effects of genistein , a tyrosine kinase inhibitor , and its inactive analogue , daidzein , on angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiotensin 3 ( Ang 3 ) and angiotensin 4 ( Ang 4 ) contractions , as compared with those on Ang 2 . ^^^ Genistein partially inhibited Ang 2 and Ang 1 induced contractions . ^^^ Thus , Ang 4 and Ang 3 induced contractions seem to be more dependent on tyrosine kinase activity than those evoked by Ang 2 or Ang 1 . ^^^ At the same time , it significantly inhibited Ang 3 contractile effects as compared with Ang 2 and Ang 1 contractions . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The urinary profiles of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , human chorionic gonadotropin , 17beta estradiol , and progesterone were also determined . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated a possible contribution of nitric oxide ( NO ) and prostaglandins to the inhibitory effect of losartan on contractions to Ang 1 ( 10 ( 6 ) M ) and Ang 2 ( 10 ( 7 ) M ) with or without L NAME ( 10 ( 4 ) M ) or indomethacin ( 10 ( 5 ) M ) in the aorta of WKY , SHR and hamster ( n=7 each ) . ^^^ Despite the difference in the stimulated NO release , losartan completely abolished the responses to Ang 1 and Ang 2 both in WKY and SHR vessels irrespective of the presence of L NAME . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| No Ang 1 mRNA was demonstrated in either cell type , and Ang 2 mRNA was found only in CK MVECs . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin ANG 3 , ANG 4 , ANG 2 and ANG 1 induced contractions in clitoral CSM strips . ^^^ ANG 3 and ANG 1 induced contraction was five times less active than ANG 2 , whereas ANG 4 induced contraction was 1181 fold less potent than ANG 2 . ^^^ Contractile responses to ANG 3 , ANG 4 , ANG 2 and ANG 1 were significantly inhibited by type 1 ANG 2 ( AT 1 ) receptor antagonist Dup 753 but not by type 2 ANG 2 ( AT 2 ) receptor antagonist PD 123 , 319 . ^^^ Further , the rank order of potency of contraction was as follows , ANG 2 > ANG 1 > ANG 3 > ANG 4 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunohistochemical analysis was used to determine the expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 1 and Tie 2 in synovial tissue of normal subjects and those with RA and OA . ^^^ Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 1 and Tie 2 mRNA and protein expression were quantified in synovial tissues and RA synovial tissue fibroblasts with real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis . ^^^ Generally Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 1 and Tie 2 mRNA levels were higher in RA synovial tissue compared to normal and OA synovial tissues , and RA synovial tissue fibroblasts . ^^^ In conclusion , the dominance of Ang 1 mRNA and protein expression over Ang 2 is in agreement with an active neovascularization in RA synovial tissue . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Human heart tissue enzymes cleave angiotensin ( Ang ) 1 to release Ang 1 9 , Ang 2 , or Ang 1 7 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CONCLUSIONS : Loss of glomerular capillaries during the course of anti GBM GN in mice was temporally associated with decreases in endothelial survival molecules VEGF A and Ang 1 , and with up regulation of Ang 2 , an antagonist of Ang 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This occurs with an increase in AspAP activity ( which metabolizes Ang 1 to des Asp ( 1 ) Ang 1 ) , with no changes in Ang 2 degrading activity and also with increased levels of AVP degrading activity in dehydrated animals . ^^^ The results obtained in the renal medulla suggest the inhibition of the metabolism of Ang 1 to des Asp ( 1 ) Ang 1 , together with a reduced metabolism of Ang 2 and AVP in dehydrated males but not in females . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Renal Ang 1 levels increased only in clipped , whereas intrarenal Ang 2 contents were elevated in both clipped ( from 0 . 7+ / 0 . 1 to 2 . 0+ / 0 . 2 pg / mg tissue ) and nonclipped kidneys ( from 0 . 6+ / 0 . 1 to 2 . 5+ / 0 . 3 pg / mg tissue ) . ^^^ Finally , [ Pro 11 D Ala 12 ] Ang 1 ( an inactive precursor that yields Ang 2 by chymase but not by ACE ; 1 to 50 nmol / kg ) markedly elevated intrarenal Ang 2 in clipped , but not in nonclipped , kidneys . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) or kininase 2 is a dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase that converts angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) in the renin angiotensin system ( RAS ) and inactivates bradykinin in the kallikrein kinin system ( KKS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 2 mRNA transcription is increased under reduced oxygen and the stability of Ang 1 mRNA is reduced under similar conditions . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It has been proposed that angiopoietins 1 ( Ang 1 ) and 2 ( Ang 2 ) are pro and anti angiogenic owing to their respective agonist and antagonist signaling action through the Tie 2 receptor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Aortic Ang 2 forming activity was measured using Ang 1 as a substrate . ^^^ Plasma Ang 1 and Ang 2 were measured by radioimmunoassay . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We hypothesized that hypoxia / reperfusion induced free radical production inhibits the expression of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , a vessel stabilizing factor , leaving unopposed the effects of endothelial Ang 2 , a vessel branching and permeability factor . ^^^ To further examine the effects of progestin , hypoxia , and reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) on the regulation of Ang 1 and Ang 2 as well as the activation of MAPK , SAPK / JNK , and p 38 by the relevant cell types , we conducted in vitro studies with cultured human endometrial stromal cells ( HESCs ) and human endometrial endothelial cells ( HEECs ) . ^^^ Conversely , cultured HEECs did not appear to express Ang 1 , but expressed Ang 2 , the levels of which were significantly increased by hypoxia . ^^^ Our findings suggest that LTPOC induced endometrial bleeding occurs as a result of hypoxia / reperfusion induced free radicals that directly damage vessels and alter the balance of Ang 1 and Ang 2 to produce the characteristic enlarged and permeable vessels that are prone to bleeding . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma levels of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and Ang ( 1 7 ) were not altered by treatment with either omapatrilat or lisinopril , even though both regimens produced a modest rise in plasma renin activity . ^^^ In contrast , urinary excretion rates of Ang 1 and Ang ( 1 7 ) but not Ang 2 increased significantly throughout the dosing period of subjects who were given omapatrilat , whereas the smaller antihypertensive response produced by lisinopril had a smaller and transient effect on increasing urinary excretion rates of Ang ( 1 7 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Blood pressure normalization was accompanied by increases in plasma Ang 1 ( 2969 % ) , Ang 2 ( 57 % ) , and Ang ( 1 7 ) ( 163 % ) levels , paralleling pronounced increases in urinary excretion rates of Ang 1 and Ang ( 1 7 ) but not Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| An MD probe constructed with a hydrophilic hollow fiber dialysis tubing , AN 69 , showed high recovery ( more than 50 % ) in vitro for all four angiotensins : angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , Ang 2 , Ang 3 , and Ang ( 1 7 ) . ^^^ The detection limit for Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Ang 3 , and Ang ( 1 7 ) were 94 , 44 , 47 , and 83 fmol , respectively . ^^^ In the MD studies , generation of Ang ( 1 7 ) and Ang 2 was observed when Ang 1 was perfused , and Ang ( 1 7 ) was the major biologically active angiotensin found in the dialysate samples . ^^^ The concentration of Ang ( 1 7 ) and Ang 2 in the dialysate samples showed good correlation to that of Ang 1 in a MD perfusate ( 20 100 microM ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Apical ANG 1 and ANG 2 rapidly reached the basolateral fluid independent of AT ( 1 ) and AT ( 2 ) receptors . ^^^ Basolateral ANG 2 during apical ANG 1 application was as high as apical ANG 2 , whereas during apical ANG 2 application it was lower . ^^^ During basolateral ANG 1 application , ANG 2 generation occurred basolaterally only , in an angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) dependent manner . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Circulating ( pro ) renin , angiotensinogen , ANG 1 and ANG 2 enter the interstitium via diffusion , and interstitial ANG 2 generation is mediated , at least in part , by basolaterally located endothelial ACE . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Renin ( RA ) and angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) activities and angiotensinogen , ANG 1 , and ANG 2 levels were measured in the kidney ( cortex and medulla ) and plasma of Wistar Kyoto rats on a low sodium ( LS ; 0 . 025 % NaCl ; n = 8 ) , normal sodium ( NS ; 1 % NaCl ; n = 7 ) , or high sodium ( HS ; 8 % NaCl ; n = 7 ) diet for 21 days . ^^^ RA , ANG 1 , and ANG 2 levels increased in a manner inversely related to sodium content of the diet in both plasma and renal tissues . ^^^ The LS diet resulted in a 16 , 2 . 8 , and 1 . 8 fold increase in plasma RA , ANG 1 , and ANG 2 levels , respectively , compared with those in HS rats . ^^^ In the renal cortex and medulla , RA , ANG 1 , and ANG 2 levels were also increased by diminution of dietary salt content but , in contrast to plasma , ANG 2 levels increased much more than RA or ANG 1 levels [ 5 . 4 ( cortex ) and 4 . 7 ( medulla ) fold compared with HS rats ] . ^^^ Nevertheless , despite RA and ACE activity differences between renal cortex and medulla , ANG 1 and ANG 2 levels are equivalent in these two tissues ; these results argue against a compartmentalization of RAS in these two intrarenal areas . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , or VEGF was examined immunohistochemically ; intratumoral microvessel density ( IMVD ) was examined with immunohistochemical staining against CD 34 , a marker of pan endothelial cells ( CD 34 IMVD ) , and that against CD 105 , a marker of proliferative endothelial cells ( CD 105 IMVD ) . ^^^ Positive expression of Ang 1 and that of Ang 2 were seen in 101 ( 42 . 8 % ) and 40 patients ( 16 . 9 % ) , respectively . ^^^ Moreover , positive expression of Ang 2 , not Ang 1 , was a significant factor to predict a poor postoperative survival ( 5 year survival rates for Ang 2 positive patients and negative patients were 53 . 5 and 70 . 3 % , respectively ; P = 0 . 027 ) , which was confirmed by a multivariate analysis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , expression of many angiogenic genes including those for vascular endothelial growth factor , fibroblast growth factor , platelet derived growth factor , and receptors such as Flt 1 , Flk 1 , Ang 1 , and Ang 2 are likely to be regulated by redox signaling . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) converts the inactive decapeptide angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to the active octapeptide angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , a potent vasoconstrictor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma ANG 2 and ANG 1 in salt depleted SHR were elevated sevenfold compared with peptide levels measured in sodium replete SHR , whereas plasma ANG ( 1 7 ) was twofold greater in salt depleted SHR compared with salt replete SHR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Blockade of the RAS was evaluated with the inhibition of the pressor effect of exogenous Ang 1 , an ex vivo receptor assay , and the changes in plasma Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The current study aimed to demonstrate differences between angiotensin ( Ang ) converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibition and Ang 2 AT 1 receptor antagonism on full concentration contraction responses to Ang 1 . ^^^ Ang 1 mediated effects are much more effectively inhibited by Ang 2 antagonism than by ACE inhibition . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The Ang 1 and Ang 2 generating activities were evaluated in human leukocytes . ^^^ Human leukocytes have Ang 1 and Ang 2 generating activities . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Renin ( RA ) and angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) activities and angiotensinogen , ANG 1 , and ANG 2 levels were measured in plasma , renal cortex , and medulla . ^^^ In LS rats , in both plasma and renal cortex , the increase in RA was associated with an increase in ANG 1 and ANG 2 levels compared with NS rats , but intrarenal ANG 2 levels increased more than ANG 1 levels . ^^^ In NS+Los rats , the increase in RA in plasma was followed by a marked increase in plasma ANG 1 and ANG 2 levels compared with NS rats whereas in the kidney the increase of renal RA was followed by a decrease of the levels of these peptides . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and renin activity were also significantly elevated in normal pregnancy . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| MATERIAL AND METHODS : We have measured the expression of angiogenesis regulating genes angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 2 ) and their receptor Tie 2 , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 in sorted population of CD34+ and CD34+ / CD133+ cells from human cord blood and bone marrow , and in their differentiating progeny , using real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction . ^^^ RESULTS : A higher expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Tie 2 mRNAs was detected in CD34+ / CD133+ cord blood cells as compared with CD 34 / CD133 fraction , but no expression of these genes was detected in burst forming unit erythroid ( BFU E ) nor colony forming unit granulocyte macrophage ( CFU GM ) colonies . ^^^ The level of Ang 1 and Tie 2 mRNAs , but not that of Ang 2 mRNA gradually decreased during a 14 d incubation of cord blood CD34+ cells in a liquid culture . ^^^ CONCLUSION : CD34+ / CD133+ cord blood cells express Ang 1 , Ang 2 and VEGF as well as their receptor mRNAs , suggesting a role of these cells in regulation both angiopoiesis and hematopoiesis . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here , we studied the roles of Ang 1 , its natural antagonist Ang 2 , and their receptor Tie 2 in rat cardiac allograft arteriosclerosis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Human chymase hydrolyzed Ang 1 to produce Ang 2 without further degradation . mMCP 1 similarly generated Ang 2 from Ang 1 in a time dependent manner and the formation of the fragment other than Ang 2 was marginal . ^^^ In contrast , mMCP 4 hydrolyzed Ang 1 at two sites , Tyr ( 4 ) Ile ( 5 ) and Phe ( 8 ) His ( 9 ) , with Ang 2 formation being tentative . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To test this hypothesis we measured capillary density , and the expressions of VEGF , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and the Tie 2 receptor and its phosphorylation state during repetitive episodes of myocardial ischemia in chronically instrumented canines . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : Synovial membrane ( SM ) infiltrate and Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) mRNA and protein expression were examined using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization . ^^^ Ang 1 mRNA and protein expression was observed , but concentrations were markedly lower than for Ang 2 and VEGF . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Maximal responses of 171 + / 28 ( AA ) , 183 + / 7 ( muscular EA ) , and 78 + / 11 nM ( thin EA ) ( n = 6 ) , similar to those obtained with ANG 2 , were observed with 100 nM ANG 1 . ^^^ The EC ( 50 ) values were 20 times higher for ANG 1 than for ANG 2 in AA ( 10 . 2 vs . 0 . 5 ) and muscular EA ( 6 . 8 vs . 0 . 4 nM ) and 150 times higher in thin EA ( 15 . 2 vs . 0 . 1 nM ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effect induced by [ Pro 11 , d Ala 12 ] ANG 1 , an ANG 1 converting enzyme ( ACE ) resistant biologically inactive precursor of ANG 2 , was blocked by chymostatin or Ac AAPL CK . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we investigated the expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 2 , and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) in surgically resected specimens from 46 patients with HCC to determine their potential role in tumor angiogenesis and its progression . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This review considers the action mechanisms and specific features of expression of the main angiogenic growth factors , such as the vascular endothelium growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietins ( Ang 1 , Ang 2 ) , and the basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CD 1 mice injected peripherally with either ANG 1 or ANG 2 failed to drink substantial amounts of water or NaCl , yet showed strong Fos immunoreactivity ( ir ) in subfornical organ ( SFO ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study we have demonstrated that myeloma cells express several proangiogenic factors , and , in particular , we found that angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , but not its antagonist Ang 2 , was expressed by several human myeloma cell lines ( HMCLs ) at the mRNA and the protein levels . ^^^ Finally , our in vitro results were supported by the in vivo finding of Ang 1 , but not Ang 2 , mRNA and protein expression in purified MM cells obtained from approximately 47 % of patients and by high BM angiogenesis in patients with MM positive for Ang 1 , suggesting that the angiopoietin system could be involved , at least in part , in MM induced angiogenesis . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The semiquantitative expression of angiogenic growth factors ( VEGF , bFGF , Ang 1 und Ang 2 , PDGF ) in the tumour trophoblasts was similar to that seen in the normal villi . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , using bovine aortic endothelial cells ( BAEC ) , we found that only Ang 2 expression , but neither Ang 1 nor Tie 2 , responded to these two angiogenic stimuli , which was consistent with many previous reports . ^^^ In conclusion , our data suggest that both hypoxia and VEGF treatment differentially regulate the angiopoietin / Tie2 system in the two vascular cells and that , particularly in BRP , the regulation of Ang 1 , but not Ang 2 , and Tie 2 expression may play an important role in vascular development . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ACE 2 cleaves Ang 1 and Ang 2 into the inactive Ang 1 9 and Ang 1 7 , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To investigate the specific role of Ang 2 in the adult vasculature , we generated a nuclease resistant RNA aptamer that binds and inhibits Ang 2 but not the related Tie 2 agonist , angiopoietin 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS AND RESULTS : In rat isolated kidney Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Ang 3 , Ang 4 and des Asp Ang 1 induced pressor responses and enhanced noradrenaline release to renal nerve stimulation ( RNS ) in an concentration dependent manner , with the following rank order of potency ( EC ( 50 ) ) : Ang 2 > or= Ang 3 > Ang 1 = des Asp Ang 1 > Ang 4 . ^^^ Ang ( 1 7 ) blocked the effects of Ang 1 and Ang 2 , being 10 times more potent against Ang 1 than Ang 2 . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Ang 3 , Ang 4 and des Asp Ang 1 regulate renal vascular resistance and noradrenaline release by activation of AT ( 1 ) receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 1 expression gradually became weaker in 2 weeks , whereas Ang 2 expression returned to normal in a few days . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry , we demonstrate that testicular vascular endothelial growth factor A ( VEGF A ) , ang 1 , ang 2 , and the ang receptor tie 2 are expressed in the testis and that hormonal stimulation with hCG is accompanied by increased expression of VEGF A and ang 2 . ^^^ We therefore suggest that ang 1 stabilizes testicular microvessels under basal conditions and that a shift in this balance caused by increased ang 2 , together with increased VEGF A , allows vascular leakage , high endothelial cell proliferation , and presumably , vascular growth after hormonal stimulation . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two of the Angs , Ang 1 and Ang 4 , activate the Tie 2 receptor , whereas Ang 2 and Ang 3 inhibit Ang 1 induced Tie 2 phosphorylation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and angiopoietins ( Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) are endothelial cell specific vasculogenic and angiogenic growth factors , but their expression and roles in HCC have not been extensively explored . ^^^ The aim of this study was to determine the expression and cellular localization of VEGF , Ang 1 , and Ang 2 in specimens of resected human HCC using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining and to examine their relationship to microvessel density ( MVD ) and tumor size . ^^^ VEGF and Ang 2 were strongly expressed and localized predominantly to cancer cells , whereas Ang 1 was detected in supportive cells of large blood vessels , stromal cells , endothelial cells , and tumor cells . ^^^ Expression of the VEGF protein and the Ang 2 ( but not Ang 1 ) mRNA were strongly correlated with MVD ( P < . 05 , P = . 001 ) and tumor size ( P < . 05 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , a significant correlation was observed between VEGF and Ang 2 mRNA expression ( P < 0 . 01 ) but not between VEGF and Ang 1 or Tie 2 in human ovarian cancer specimens . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Polyclonal antibodies specific for Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 2 and VEGF were used for immunostaining . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Because Ang 1 and converting enzyme analogues might be present in the distal nephron , this raises the possibility of intraluminal generation of Ang 2 . ^^^ Conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 was monitored by Ang 2 dependent changes in intracellular sodium concentration as a reflection of sodium transport across the apical membrane . ^^^ Also , the effects of Ang 1 on sodium transport were not significantly different from the effects of Ang 2 ( 10 ( 9 ) mol / L ) . ^^^ Ang 1 was used in micromolar concentrations to ensure that there was sufficient substrate available for conversion to Ang 2 . ^^^ These results suggest that intraluminal conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 can occur in the cortical collecting duct , resulting in enhanced apical sodium entry . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The influence of intracellular angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) on the process of cell communication was investigated in isolated cell pairs from the failing heart of cardiomyopathic hamsters at 2 and at 6 months of age . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In contrast , in vivo experiments in mice demonstrated that the selective inhibition of either the N domain or the C domain of ACE by these inhibitors prevents the conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 , while BK protection requires the inhibition of the two ACE active sites . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The metabolism of Ang 3 to Ang 4 by aminopeptidase M ( AlaAP ) and of Ang 1 to Ang 2 10 by aspartyl aminopeptidase ( AspAP ) was evaluated in the renal cortex and medulla of normotensive ( Sham operated ) and hypertensive ( G2K1C ) rats , treated or not with the AT ( 1 ) receptor antagonist valsartan . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Only a small decrease in the expression of VEGF and Ang 2 was detected in the pecten oculi upon inhibition of the proteasome , while no major changes were observed in the expression of other angiogenic molecules , such as KDR or Ang 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This suggests an increased metabolism of angiotensin ( Ang ) 1 and Ang 2 to des Asp 1 Ang 1 and Ang 3 , respectively . ^^^ Increased Ang 1 and Ang 2 metabolism in the anterior pituitary of hypothyroid rats and increased metabolism of Ang 3 in the hypothalamus of hyperthyroid animals may be related to alterations in the secretory function of hypothalamus and pituitary in these thyroid dysfunctions . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present study shows the expression of Tie 2 receptors , Ang 1 , and its endogenous antagonist , Ang 2 in mouse adrenal in vivo . ^^^ No significant changes in Ang 2 were detected between control and DEX groups , resulting in an altered Ang 2 to Ang 1 relative ratio . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS AND RESULTS : The myocardial expression of VE cadherin / beta catenin , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and their receptor Tie 2 was examined in DCM , ischemic cardiomyopathy ( ICM ) , and in control subjects through the use of real time RT PCR , Western blotting , and immunocytochemistry . ^^^ Although Ang 1 was not changed , Ang 2 expression was downregulated and Tie 2 protein expression was upregulated both in DCM and ICM ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS AND RESULTS : Angiotensinase activity in left and right ventricular membranes from 14 idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy ( IDC ) , 8 primary pulmonary hypertension ( PPH ) , and 13 nonfailing human hearts was measured with either 125I Ang 1 or 125I Ang 2 as substrate . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Ang ( 1 7 ) forming activity from both Ang 1 and Ang 2 was increased in failing human heart ventricles but was mediated by at least two different angiotensinases . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effluent dialysate concentrations of Ang 1 and Ang 2 were measured by radioimmunoassay and reported values were corrected for the equilibrium rates at this perfusion rate . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) , as well as the non specific angiogenesis inhibitor thrombospondin 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To investigate whether high dietary sodium induced effects on vascular conversion of Ang 1 might be involved in the sodium induced blunting of the response to ACEi , the authors studied the vasoconstrictor responses to Ang 1 and Ang 2 of isolated aortic rings from healthy rats on low dietary sodium ( LS : 0 . 05 % NaCl ) and high dietary sodium ( HS : 2 . 0 % NaCl ) after 3 weeks of ACEi ( lisinopril 75 mg / L ) or vehicle ( CON ) . ^^^ Functional conversion of Ang 1 was assessed as the difference in dose response curves to Ang 1 and Ang 2 in parallel aortic rings . ^^^ Sodium intake did not affect the dose response curves to Ang 1 and Ang 2 in CON . ^^^ In the ACEi groups , a significant difference was present between the curves for Ang 1 and Ang 2 on LS ( deltaEC 50 , 6 . 7 nM ; range , 2 . 2 13 nM ; P < 0 . 01 ) but not on HS ( deltaEC 50 : 1 . 3 nM ; range , 0 . 0 4 . 1 nM , median [ interquartile range ] , NS ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The expression of angiopoietins 1 and 2 ( Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) has been documented in human malignant glioma . ^^^ The expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , VEGF , and Tie 2 , a member of the receptor tyrosine kinases and the natural receptor for both Ang 1 and Ang 2 , follows a distinct transcriptional profile in vivo . ^^^ The lack of concomitant expression of Ang 1 may underscore the unopposed endovascular induction by Ang 2 and VEGF resulting in the chaotic appearance and fragility of tumor vessels . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although , since its discovery , ACE has been known to convert Ang 1 to Ang 2 , and to inactivate bradykinin ( BK ) , only recently has been emerged evidence for a role of BK with renal protective and antifibrotic effects opposing Ang 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : Several enzymes that hydrolyze angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and Ang 2 to Ang ( 1 7 ) have been identified , but their relative importance in the intact human heart is not known . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| STUDY DESIGN : We measured mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietin 1 and 2 ( Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) , their receptors VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , Tie 2 , fibroblast growth factor 2 ( FGF 2 ) , and its receptor FGF 2R in placental tissue of diabetes type 1 patients , in normal term placenta , and endometrium of non pregnant women by real time reverse transcriptase PCR . ^^^ We did not detect a significant difference in the expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 2 , VEGF , VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , FGF 2 , and FGF 2R in normal and diabetes type 1 placenta . ^^^ The expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 2 , VEGF , VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , FGF 2 , and FGF 2R was not different in normal and type 1 diabetes placenta . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O15123 and Q15389 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of mRNA transcripts for the VEGF splice variants VEGF ( 121 ) , VEGF ( 189 ) , and VEGF ( 165 ) ; the receptors VEGF R 1 and VEGF R 2 ; the angiopoietins Ang 1 and Ang 2 ; and their receptor , Tie 2 , were measured in biopsy samples with multiplex polymerase chain reaction . ^^^ VEGF ( 121 ) was expressed in all samples , and VEGF ( 165 ) in 43 of 48 samples . mRNA expression of VEGF ( 189 ) ( P = . 001 ) , Ang 1 ( P = . 002 ) , and Ang 2 ( P = . 026 ) was found in more samples from unhealed ulcers than from other sites . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.55824808 |
| No significant relationships were observed in clear cell carcinomas between Ang 1 , Ang 2 and Tie 2 mRNA abundance and patient sex , patient age , or tumour size ( p > 0 . 05 ) . 0.55824808^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.51254976 |
| Angiopoietin 1 was also positively correlated with Ang 2 in both breast ( r=0 . 422 , P=0 . 02 ) and prostate cancer ( r=0 . 543 , P=0 . 002 ) . 0.51254976^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma ANG 2 and plasma aldosterone decreased , and PRA and ANG 1 increased acutely , with no further changes during chronic treatment . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) , ANG 1 and angiotensin 3 ( ANG 3 ) , increased blood pressure in a dose related manner . ^^^ The order of potency of angiotensins was ANG 2 greater than ANG 1 greater than ANG 3 . ^^^ The intraventricular administration of a converting enzyme inhibitor ( SQ 14225 , 6 . 9 X 10 8 mol / kg ) abolished the central effect of ANG 1 , while an angiotensin 2 analogue ( [ Sar 1 Ala8 ] ANG 2 , 1 . 1 10 10 8 mol / kg ) administered intraventricularly inhibited the central pressor effects of these three angiotensins . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The response to Ang 1 was significantly reduced by treatment with bradykinin potentiator B , while the response to Ang 2 was not influenced . ^^^ It may be concluded that Ang 1 , 2 and 3 produce contractions possibly by activation of same Ang 2 receptors and that contractions induced by Ang 1 are associated , to some extent , with a conversion to Ang 2 in the arterial wall . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , this discrepancy may be largely an artefact related to difficulties in measuring low Ang 2 levels in the presence of high angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) levels . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Reversed phase HPLC of the partially purified methanol extract showed that greater than 75 % of the ANG 1 and greater than 82 % of the ANG 2 like immunoreactivity coeluted with ANG 1 and 2 , respectively . ^^^ Dietary sodium deprivation ( 0 . 003 meq / g ) and excess ( 1 . 34 meq / g ) for 7 days significantly ( P less than 0 . 01 ) increased and decreased renal ANG 1 ( 296 + / 30 and 82 . 6 + / 15 . 8 vs . 161 + / 18 fmol / g ) and ANG 2 ( 216 + / 16 and 45 . 6 + / 11 . 8 vs . 98 + / 16 fmol / g ) contents , respectively . ^^^ ACE inhibition increased renal and plasma ANG 1 levels 2 . 8 and 12 fold , respectively , and decreased renal and plasma ANG 2 levels 75 78 % . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Our binding competition studies show a potency series of Ang 2 = Ang 3 greater than saralasin greater than Ang 1 = PD 123177 much greater than Ang 2 ( 1 7 ) much much greater than losartan . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Addition of ANG 1 , 2 and 2 dose dependently increased short circuit current ( Isc ) and transepithelial potential difference , an effect that was more pronounced with addition to the submucosal solution than to the mucosal solution , with rank order of potency of ANG 2 greater than or equal to ANG 2 much greater than ANG 1 . ^^^ These results suggest that ANG 2 and 3 selectively stimulate Cl secretion across airway epithelium and that ANG 1 may exert its effect after its conversion to ANG 2 by angiotensin converting enzyme . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Renal tissue angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and 2 ( Ang 2 ) content and angiotensin converting enzyme activity were assessed in both kidneys during initial ( 7 days ) and maintenance ( 25 days ) phases of two kidney , one clip hypertension in rats . ^^^ In kidneys harvested 25 days after clipping one renal artery , Ang 1 and Ang 2 contents in clipped kidneys were increased 102 % and 24 % ( p < 0 . 01 ) , respectively . ^^^ Plasma Ang 1 and Ang 2 levels were elevated at 7 days but were not different at 25 days in clipped rats . ^^^ These results demonstrate a dissociation between intrarenal and circulating levels of Ang 1 and Ang 2 and suggest that qualitatively different mechanisms may be responsible for the elevated intrarenal Ang 2 levels during the initial and maintenance phases of renal hypertension . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts were found to have immunofluorescent staining for ANG 1 , ANG 2 , and angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) . ^^^ The identity of the radioimmunoassayable materials as ANG 1 and 2 peptides was confirmed in cardiomyocytes using an in vitro bioassay based on displacement of 125I ANG 2 from receptor binding sites in cardiac membranes prepared from neonatal pig heart . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The purified monoclonal antibody 4D8 has an association constant of 1 . 3 10 10 ( 11 ) L / mol with Ang 2 and a cross reactivity of < 1 % for Ang 1 . ^^^ The assay can detect as little as 0 . 8 fmol of Ang 2 in 2 mL of plasma and is not influenced by the presence of Ang 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma renin activity , Ang 1 and Ang 2 were increased , while plasma aldosterone was decreased in both strains . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Coexistence of both Ang 1 and Ang 2 in the high density renin storage granules were also demonstrated by gradient centrifugation of renal homogenate . ^^^ These findings supported the synthesis of Ang 1 and Ang 2 in juxtaglomerular cells . ^^^ Isolated and cultured JG cells showed the synthesis of Ang 1 , Ang 2 and renin . ^^^ Ang 1 and Ang 2 were secreted from isolated and perfused rat kidneys at steady rates over 2 hr . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We also determined whether cFP A A F pAB inhibits the conversion of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to Ang 2 by pulmonary ACE . ^^^ The hydrolysis of Ang 1 into Ang 2 by pulmonary ACE was inhibited to a similar extent by both cFP A A F pAB and the ACE inhibitor MK 422 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Miosis was observed by intracameral injection of ANG 1 and ANG 2 into the anterior chamber . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This study examines the effects of two converting enzyme inhibitors ( captopril and enalaprilat ) and two alpha adrenergic receptor antagonists ( phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine ) on the pressor response produced by exogenous angiotensin 1 ( [ Asp 1 , Val 5 , Ser 9 ] ANG 1 , fowl ) and [ Val 5 ] angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) in the American alligator ( Alligator mississippiensis ) . ^^^ Bolus administration of ANG 1 at 0 . 1 , 0 . 5 , and 1 . 0 micrograms / kg ; ANG 2 at 0 . 05 , 0 . 1 , and 0 . 5 micrograms / kg ; or norepinephrine ( NE ) at 2 micrograms / kg elicited dose dependent increases in arterial blood pressure . ^^^ Captopril ( 0 . 5 mg / kg / hr ) and enalaprilat ( 300 micrograms / kg / hr ) significantly reduced the response to ANG 1 , but not ANG 2 or NE . ^^^ Both phenoxybenzamine ( 0 . 25 mg / kg / min ) and phentolamine ( 1 mg / kg / hr ) effectively blocked the NE pressor response ( 84 and 88 % , respectively ) and attenuated ( 42 80 % ) the pressor effects of ANG 1 and ANG 2 . ^^^ In addition , the pressor response to exogenously administered ANG 1 and ANG 2 was attenuated by alpha adrenergic receptor blockade and thus may be due , in part , to secondary catecholamine release . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although plasma renin activity increased and the pressor response to ANG 1 was inhibited by both enalapril and losartan , suggesting effective peripheral blockade of ANG 2 activity , a third group of nephrotic rats was treated with losartan ( 18 mg . kg 1 . day 1 ) to ensure that adequate ANG 2 blockade was achieved . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To quantify regional conversion of angiotensin ( ANG ) 1 to ANG 2 and its degradation to peptides other than ANG 2 , monoiodinated 125I labeled ANG 1 was given to anesthetized pigs by constant infusion into the left cardiac ventricle . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the combined systemic vascular beds , ANG 1 production was closely correlated with plasma renin activity ( PRA ) and ANG 2 production was greater than in the lungs . ^^^ In the lungs virtually no ANG 1 but 31 % of ANG 2 in venous plasma was derived from de novo production , which could be fully accounted for by conversion of circulating ANG 1 . ^^^ In myocardium , head , skin , skeletal muscle , and kidney , respectively , 40 , 58 , 55 , 67 , and 94 % of venous ANG 1 , and 32 , 49 , 40 , 59 , and 85 % of venous ANG 2 were derived from de novo production . ^^^ These results indicate that production of ANG 1 at tissue sites contributes to its circulating level and that some circulating ANG 2 may not be derived from circulating ANG I . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin is generated within the kidney , but the precise loci for the formation of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) have not been demonstrated . ^^^ We performed electron microscopy immunocytochemistry in kidney sections of 10 day old ( newborn ) and adult Wistar Kyoto ( WKY ) rats using specific antibodies to renin , ANG 1 , ANG 2 , and angiotensinogen ( AO ) . ^^^ Renin , ANG 1 , ANG 2 , and AO were present in juxtaglomerular ( JG ) cells . ^^^ Renin was largely confined to cytoplasmic granules ; ANG 1 and ANG 2 were colocalized to these granules but also were present in the cytoplasm ; AO was distributed throughout the cytoplasm . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Comparison of dose response curves to ANG 1 , 2 , and 3 showed that all three had similar maximum pressor effects ( 27 + / 3 mmHg ) , with ANG 1 being four times less potent than ANG 2 , and ANG 3 as potent as ANG 2 . ^^^ Central pretreatment with the ANG converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril abolished the pressor response to ANG 1 , suggesting that it was mediated entirely through ANG 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Whereas plasma renin concentration ( PRC ) , angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) all were significantly increased , plasma aldosterone was decreased by approximately 70 % compared with control animals . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The binding was inhibited by Ang peptides with the following order of potency and IC 50 ( nM ) : Ang 2 ( 3 . 7 ) > Ang 3 ( 69 ) > Ang 1 ( 3650 ) , and by the nonpeptide AT 1 receptor antagonist , losartan , with an IC 50 of 3 . 2 nM . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Unlike Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Ang 3 , and peptide antagonists , such as saralasin , which all are relatively nonselective ligands for both Ang 2 receptors , the peptides CGP42112A and p aminophenylalanine 6 Ang 2 show a marked preference for the AT 2 site . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The rank order of the binding to the receptor expressed in COS 7 cells was Ang 2 greater than Ang 3 greater than Ang 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These results suggest that the ability of isoproterenol to release renin , the subsequent generation of ANG 1 , and the conversion to ANG 2 are similar in the two strains . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Other Ang peptides competed for binding in the rank order : Ang 3 ( IC 50 , 2 . 1 nM ) greater than Ang 1 ( IC 50 , 33 ) greater than [ Des Phe 8 ] Ang 2 ( IC 50 , 362 ) greater than [ Des Asp 1 Des Arg 2 ] Ang 2 ( IC 50 , 736 ) . ^^^ Differences were noted in pH sensitivity , time course , binding affinity for Ang 1 , 2 , and 3 , and rate of dissociation between nuclei or nuclear envelopes and plasma membrane Ang 2 binding . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Losartan increased dramatically both angiotensins 1 ( Ang 1 ) and 2 ( Ang 2 ) release in a dose dependent fashion ; the maximal percent increment in Ang 1 and Ang 2 release evoked by Losartan ( 10 ( 6 ) M ) was about +380 % and +160 % , respectively , in normal rat hind legs . ^^^ There was a highly positive correlation between the released amounts of Ang 1 and that of Ang 2 altered by Losartan in either normal ( r = 0 . 954 ) or nephrectomized rats ( r = 0 . 923 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using high performance liquid chromatography based radioimmunoassays , 8 angiotensin peptides were measured : Ang ( 1 7 ) , Ang 2 , Ang ( 1 9 ) , Ang 1 , Ang ( 2 7 ) , Ang 3 , Ang ( 2 9 ) , and Ang ( 2 10 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , the inhibitory effects of three ANG 2 analogues ( [ Sar 1 , Ala 8 ] , [ Sar 1 , Thr 8 ] , and [ Sar 1 , Ile 8 ] ANG 2 ) on the pressor responses to angiotensin 1 ( fowl ANG 1 , [ Asp 1 , Val 5 , Ser 9 ] ) were also examined . ^^^ Intravenous administration of bullfrog , turtle , and fowl ANG 1 at 0 . 1 , 0 . 5 , and 1 . 0 micrograms / kg produced dose dependent increases in arterial blood pressure . [ Val 5 ] ANG 2 at 0 . 05 , 0 . 1 , and 0 . 5 micrograms / kg , or NE at 2 micrograms / kg also produced dose dependent increases in blood pressure . [ Sar 1 , Ile 8 ] ANG 2 and [ Sar 1 , Ala 8 ] ANG 2 ( 10 micrograms / kg / min ) both attenuated the pressor response to fowl ANG 1 whereas [ Sar 1 , Thr 8 ] ANG 2 ( 10 micrograms / kg / min ) produced no significant blockade . ^^^ These data demonstrate : ( 1 ) All three exogenous ANG 1 molecules exert potent vasopressor responses in the alligator , ( 2 ) [ Sar 1 , Ile 8 ] ANG 2 is the most effective ANG antagonist , and ( 3 ) the alligator appears to possess a renin angiotensin system similar to that found in other vertebrates . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To determine which of the two methods provided a more reliable indication of ACE inhibition in vivo , we measured plasma ACE , angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , and angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) in patients receiving the CEI perindopril . ^^^ During perindopril therapy , changes in the ratio of ANG 2 : ANG 1 , an index of ACE activity in vivo , showed a close agreement with changes in plasma ACE activity measured with FAPGG as substrate , but not with HHL as substrate . ^^^ We conclude that measurement of ACE activity in vitro with FAPGG as substrate provides a reliable measure of changes in conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 in vivo during CEI therapy . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma ACE activity was measured by a fluorimetric assay and the extent of ANG 1 conversion was calculated from the equipressor doses of ANG 1 and ANG 2 in conscious rats . 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Arterial and femoral venous plasma angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) were measured by radioimmunoassay after high performance liquid chromatography . ^^^ In the sham operated group , arterial Ang 2 and Ang 1 levels were increased , respectively , by 85 + / 16 % and 103 + / 23 % with the low dose of isoproterenol , and by 121 + / 13 % and 563 + / 126 % with the high dose of isoproterenol . ^^^ The apparent femoral Ang 2 secretion rate was increased by 3 . 2 fold and 4 . 4 fold , and the apparent femoral Ang 1 secretion rate increased by 4 . 3 fold and 21 . 2 fold , with the low and high dose of isoproterenol , respectively . ^^^ Low plasma levels of Ang 1 and Ang 2 remained in the nephrectomized group , representing some locally generated angiotensins . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These in vitro results were confirmed by measuring ACE inhibition in vivo using the ratio of plasma angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) to blood angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These results strongly suggest that the conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 is due mainly to the Ang converting enzyme in the endothelium and to the chymostatin sensitive Ang 2 generating enzyme in subendothelial tissues . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Phosphoramidon did not affect plasma renin activity ( PRA ) or the pressor response to angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , indicating that ANG 2 synthesis was not altered . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ANG 2 induced hypertrophy in MCT cells was factor specific , in that it could be blocked with saralasin , and not induced by angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The antibody specificity and their cross reactions with ANG 1 decapeptide and with fragments of ANG 2 , were evaluated . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| When we also measured the levels of systemically infused 251I Ang 2 across these vascular beds , we found that although a substantial fraction of Ang 2 in the regional veins was derived from new production and not from arterial delivery , most could be attributed to the conversion of arterially delivered Ang 1 . ^^^ The exception was in the kidney , where about 70 % of venous Ang 2 appeared to have been derived from Ang 1 produced in renal tissue . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In vivo micropuncture experiments performed in anesthetized rats have shown that peritubular capillary infusion of either ANG 2 or angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , at rates that do not markedly influence baseline vascular resistance , can increase proximal tubular reabsorption rate and enhance the responsiveness of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism . ^^^ With higher ANG 2 or ANG 1 infusion rates , pronounced preglomerular vasoconstriction occurs , resulting in reduced glomerular capillary pressure and single nephron glomerular filtration rate . ^^^ The effects of peritubular capillary infusion of ANG 1 on glomerular function have been shown to be inhibited by the ANG 2 receptor antagonist , saralasin , indicating that the observed effects of ANG 1 on proximal tubular reabsorption and glomerular function are not due to direct effects of the decapeptide but are mediated by increases in the interstitial ANG 2 concentrations resulting from intrarenally generated ANG 2 . ^^^ These findings indicate that intrarenal conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 occurs , at least in part , at a site which is inaccessible to acutely administered ACE inhibitors , or that there is an alternative pathway for the intrarenal conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 that is not blocked by ACE inhibitors . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Ang 3 levels were 70 . 6 + / 9 . 0 , 44 . 0 + / 9 . 8 , and 20 . 2 + / 3 . 6 pg / ml , respectively . ^^^ Ang 1 and Ang 2 were detected in four anephric patients , and Ang 3 was detected in three anephric patients ( Ang 1 , 10 . 4 + / 5 . 2 ; Ang 2 , 2 . 6 + / 1 . 2 ; Ang 3 , 2 . 7 + / 1 . 5 pg / ml , n = 6 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Within 30 min after drug intake , PRA and plasma Ang 1 and Ang 2 levels fell to their nadir . ^^^ Both Ang 1 and Ang 2 were measured specifically after extraction on phenylsilylsilica and separation by isocratic HPLC . ^^^ This calculated Ang 1 generation rate , based on plasma active renin concentrations and drug levels , closely correlated with actually measured Ang 1 and Ang 2 levels ( r = 0 . 90 , n = 88 ) over the whole 8 h time period . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Binding of 125I SARILE to oocytes also was specific for Ang 2 related peptides with a rank order potency of : [ Sarc 1 ] Ang 2 greater than Ang 2 greater than Ang 3 much greater than Ang 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Since circulating renin in plasma accounts for only a small portion of intrarenally produced Ang 2 , we investigated juxtaglomerular ( JG ) cells as a source of Ang 1 and 2 . ^^^ This finding was supported by the demonstration of colocalization of renin , Ang 1 , and Ang 2 in cultured JG cells and in dense granular fractions of rat kidney separated by gradient centrifugation of rat kidney homogenate . ^^^ Perfusion of rat kidney with Krebs Ringer buffer containing bovine serum albumin showed that Ang 1 and Ang 2 are released in the perfusate in quantities which may account for a greater part of the intrarenal generation of Ang 2 observed in vivo . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Ang 3 provoked rapid increases in [ 3H ] glycerol labeling of DAG . ^^^ Pretreatment of cells with angiotensin converting enzyme activity inhibitors prevented the stimulatory effect of Ang 1 on DAG production , indicating that Ang 2 but not Ang 1 is responsible for increased DAG production . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Human heart chymase , a chymotrypsin like serine proteinase that hydrolyzes the Phe 8 His9 bond in angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to yield the octapeptide hormone angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and His Leu , is the most specific , efficient Ang 2 forming enzyme described . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor quinaprilat prevented the decrease in blood flow to the choroid plexus in response to ANG 1 without affecting responses to ANG 2 . ^^^ Thus 1 ) circulating ANG 1 and 2 are potent constrictors of blood vessels of the choroid plexus , 2 ) the constrictor effect of ANG 1 on the blood vessels of the choroid plexus appears mediated primarily by generation of ANG 2 , and 3 ) intracerebroventricular ANG 1 produces large reductions in the blood flow to the choroid plexus , which suggests that there is an effective central system that converts ANG 1 to ANG II . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To test the hypothesis that angiotensin ( Ang ) 1 and 2 are produced by blood vessels , we investigated the formation of both Ang 1 and Ang 2 in isolated , perfused rat hindquarters . ^^^ Assays of the perfusate by high performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay demonstrated the spontaneous release of Ang 1 and Ang 2 from the hindlimb vasculature . ^^^ Conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 in hindquarter vasculature was approximately 75 % and was totally suppressed by captopril . ^^^ The data indicate that Ang 1 and Ang 2 are produced locally within blood vessels . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Bradykinin perfusion showed an identical fingerprint of effects , whereas ANG 1 or ANG 2 perfusion aggravated postischemic reperfusion arrhythmias and induced a deterioration of cardiodynamic and metabolic events . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Elevated ANG 2 levels in the renal interstitium , effected either through increased delivery of ANG 2 via the circulation or as a consequence of conversion of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) generated locally , can also enhance proximal reabsorption rate . ^^^ It has been observed , however , that peritubular capillary infusions of either ANG 1 or ANG 2 , at doses sufficiently low to be without obvious direct effects on glomerular dynamics , can increase the sensitivity of the TGF mechanism . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This study examined the role of angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) , kinins , and prostaglandins in the renal hemodynamic response to captopril in Munich Wistar rats in which plasma renin activity was elevated [ 18 . 8 + / 3 . 3 ng angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) . ml 1 . h 1 ] . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effects of ANG ( 1 7 ) , ANG 2 , and ANG 1 on prostaglandin ( PG ) E 2 and prostacyclin ( PGI 2 ) synthesis were investigated in neurally derived rat C 6 glioma cells . ^^^ All three ANG peptides stimulated PG release in a dose dependent manner with the order of potency ANG ( 1 7 ) greater than ANG 1 greater than ANG 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In normotensive 5 wk old SHRSP , the adrenal renin activity was about 3 times higher than that of age matched WKY while the adrenal Ang 1 and Ang 2 concentrations did not differ from those of WKY . ^^^ In the severely hypertensive 25 wk old SHRSP , the adrenal Ang 2 and Ang 1 , and plasma aldosterone concentrations were about 5 fold , 2 fold and 4 fold , respectively , increased compared with levels in the WKY . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although some cardiovascular responses to icv ANG 1 and ANG 2 were reduced in STZ treated rats , these animals showed enhanced sensitivity to the dipsogenic effects of the peptides . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To determine and quantify peripheral vascular conversion of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) to angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) across the human leg , the response of regional blood flow to local regional intra arterial infusion of ANG 1 and change in associated ANG 2 balance were evaluated during ANG 1 infusion and following additional ACE inhibition . ^^^ Moreover , arterial ANG 2 plasma concentrations were not significantly changed by ANG 1 infusion . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 2 forming activity in left ventricular ( LV ) membrane preparations was assessed by measuring the conversion of [ 125I ] angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to [ 125I ] Ang 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cloned and cultured renin containing cells derived from rat kidney were also found to contain renin , ACE , and Ang 1 and Ang 2 . ^^^ The subcellular fractionation of renin granules from rat kidney homogenate demonstrated the presence of Ang 1 and Ang 2 in the renin granule fractions . ^^^ To study the release of Ang 1 and Ang 2 , we determined the release of these peptides from isolated rat kidney perfused with Krebs Ringer buffer at a constant pressure . ^^^ There was a positive correlation between renin secretion rate and Ang 1 secretion rate , and also between Ang 1 secretion rate and Ang 2 secretion rate . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The metabolism of angiotensin ( Ang ) peptides was studied in NG 108 15 neuroblastoma 10 glioma hybrid cells which express Ang 2 receptors , renin , dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase A ( converting enzyme ) , as well as Ang 1 and Ang 2 . ^^^ In these experiments , 0 . 2 nM of either 125I Ang 1 or 125I Ang 2 was incubated with intact cell monolayers and the medium was analyzed for 125I products by high performance liquid chromatography . ^^^ The major product generated from the metabolism of labeled Ang 1 or Ang 2 was identified as the amino terminal heptapeptide Ang ( 1 7 ) . ^^^ Ang 2 was observed to be a minor product resulting from Ang 1 metabolism . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin levels measured in normal males were ( fmol / ml plasma , mean + / s . e . m . , n = 14 ) : Ang ( 1 7 ) 1 . 0 + / 0 . 2 , Ang 2 13 . 9 + / 2 . 0 , Ang ( 1 9 ) less than 0 . 4 , Ang 1 19 . 5 + / 2 . 4 , Ang ( 2 7 ) less than 1 . 1 , Ang 3 2 . 9 + / 1 . 0 , Ang ( 2 9 ) less than 2 . 1 , Ang ( 2 10 ) 2 . 4 + / 0 . 8 . ^^^ Hypertensive patients receiving angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor therapy ( n = 8 ) had an increase in Ang 1 to 187 . 3 + / 107 . 2 fmol / ml ( P = 0 . 002 ) , and a reduction in Ang 2 to 4 . 8 + / 1 . 2 fmol / ml ( P less than 0 . 001 ) . ^^^ These N terminal assays have demonstrated that carboxy truncated metabolites of Ang 1 and Ang 2 make little contribution to plasma angiotensin peptides , except during ACE inhibitor therapy . ^^^ Furthermore , these antisera allow the measurement of Ang 1 and Ang 2 in the same radioimmunoassay of fractions from HPLC , providing a highly reliable estimate of the Ang 2 : Ang 1 ratio . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Left ventricular developed pressure and the rate of increase in left ventricular developed pressure increased significantly ( p less than 0 . 001 ) in both the cardiomyopathic and the normal hamster heart despite concomitant reduction in myocardial flow rate favoring a direct inotropic effect of Ang 1 in both normal and myopathic hearts ; these changes were significantly higher by almost threefold in the cardiomyopathic than in the normal hamsters ( p less than 0 . 01 ) and were blocked by the angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) antagonist [ Sar 1 , Thr 8 ] Ang 2 . ^^^ Comparing dose left ventricular contractility response curves for Ang 1 and Ang 2 , ED 50 for responses was identical in both normal and myopathic hearts , whereas peak responses to Ang 2 were double those to Ang 1 in normal hearts but were almost identical in the myopathic hearts . ^^^ Binding of [ 125I ] Ang 2 in six cardiomyopathic and four normal hamster hearts was of high affinity , but there was no evidence for Ang 1 saturable high affinity binding sites . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A bolus , intravenous injection of native ANG 1 or of ANG 2 induced an immediate vasodepressor response and a subsequent vasopressor response in quail which has been lightly anesthetized with urethane ( 0 . 75 g / kg ) . ^^^ A bolus injection ( 100 micrograms / 100 g ) or infusion ( 1 micrograms / 100 g / min ) of [ Sar 1 , Ile 8 ] ANG 2 almost abolished the cardiovascular effects of ANG 1 and 2 , but [ Sar 1 , Ala 8 ] ANG 2 and [ Sar 1 , Thr 8 ] ANG 2 , which are effective inhibitors in mammals , had no inhibitory effects . ^^^ The vasopressor and depressor effects of ANG 1 were abolished , while those of ANG 2 were slightly enhanced , after injection ( 100 micrograms / 100 g ) or infusion ( 1 micrograms / 100 g / min ) of SQ 14225 , whereas des Pro 2 bradykinin and bradykinin potentiator B , which are effective inhibitors of ANG 1 converting enzyme in mammals , failed to inhibit the effect of ANG 1 . ^^^ These results indicate that vascular ANG 2 receptors and ANG 1 converting enzyme in the quail may be different from those in mammals . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The electrophysiological data presented herein suggest an intrarenal extravascular conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 in the vicinity of the granular cell . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) forming enzymatic activity in the human left cardiac ventricle is minimally inhibited by angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) converting enzyme inhibitors , over 75 % of this activity is inhibited by serine proteinase inhibitors ( Urata , H . , Healy , B . , Stewart , R . ^^^ Human heart chymase has a high specificity for the conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 and the Ang 1 carboxyl terminal dipeptide His Leu ( Km = 60 microM ; Kcat = 11 , 900 min 1 ; Kcat / Km = 198 min 1 microM 1 ) . ^^^ The high substrate specificity of human heart chymase for Ang 1 distinguishes it from other Ang 2 forming enzymes including Ang 1 converting enzyme , tonin , kallikrein , cathepsin G , and other known chymases . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A microplate ELISA was established for angiotensin ( Ang ) 1 using Ang 1 peroxidase conjugate , antiAng 1 antibodies which could distinguish Ang 1 from Ang 2 and Ang 3 , and 3 , 3 ' , 5 , 5 ' tetramethylbenzidine . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Isolated , perfused rat hearts were exposed to infusions of purified hog renin ; the coronary sinus effluent was collected and subsequently assayed for angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) by high pressure liquid chromatography and specific radioimmunoassay . ^^^ Ang 2 levels measured in the perfusate reflected a mean fractional intracardiac conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 of 7 . 18 + / 1 . 09 % . ^^^ Generation of Ang 1 and Ang 2 was inhibited in the presence of specific inhibitors of renin and converting enzyme , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| After captopril , plasma angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) levels were decreased and Ang 1 levels increased in the two groups . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ANG 1 and angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) induced a concentration dependent renal vasoconstriction ( EC 50 = 10 . 5 + / 1 . 8 10 10 ( 9 ) and 1 . 1 + / 0 . 5 10 10 ( 9 ) M , respectively ) . ^^^ Saralasin ( 10 ( 5 ) M ) totally abolished the ANG 1 induced vasoconstriction elicited in the presence of ACE inhibitors , this response being therefore linked to a generation of ANG 2 from ANG 1 . ^^^ Our results suggest that , on the isolated perfused rat kidney , ANG 2 may be formed from ANG 1 by a peptidyl dipeptidase different from the ACE . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Induction of a secondary pathway of intrarenal conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 is suggested by the latter results . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Since these structures have a deficient blood brain barrier , local conversion of circulating angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) to ANG 2 may contribute to the action of ANG 2 at these sites . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Studies were performed in normotensive volunteers and hypertensive subjects to examine the effect on forearm blood flow ( FBF ) of brachial artery infusions of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) , and ramiprilat [ the active metabolite of the angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor , ramipril ] . ^^^ Doses of ANG 1 required to produce equivalent reductions of FBF were 2 to 4 times those of ANG 2 before ramiprilat , but after ramiprilat the dose of ANG 1 required to produce equivalent constriction was increased 20 fold ( n = 6 ; p = 0 . 01 ) while that of ANG 2 was unaltered . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The conversion rate calculated from the pressor responses , and from the constricting effects of ANG 1 and ANG 2 , both in situ and in helically cut strips obtained from chronic hypertensive rats with increased vascular ACE activities , are significantly higher than those obtained from normotensive rats . ^^^ Vascular ACE , which can effectively produce ANG 2 from ANG 1 locally , appears to play an important role in the maintenance of chronic hypertension . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Reperfusion arrhythmias were aggravated by perfusion with ANG 1 and ANG 2 , but prevented by bradykinin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The vessels responded in a concentration dependent manner to synthetic tetradecapeptide ( TDP ) renin substrate , angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) , the responses to all these substances being inhibited by saralasin ( 0 . 1 mumol / l ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ANG 1 or bradykinin ( BK ) increased while captopril decreased PGI 2 generation and ACE activity of EC , whereas ANG 2 was without effect . ^^^ In rat aortic rings , ANG 1 , ANG 2 , and BK enhanced whereas captopril ( 10 ( 3 ) M ) attenuated PGI 2 generation . ^^^ These results suggest that ( a ) the conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 did not enhance PGI 2 generation in EC ; ( b ) the ANG 2 stimulated PGI 2 generation of aortic rings was partially derived by mechanical stimulation of EC , probably originating from the contraction of smooth muscle cells by ANG 2 ; ( c ) captopril directly inhibited PGI 2 generation ; and ( d ) in EC , the stimulation of PGI 2 generation by ANG 1 or BK is probably regulated by an activating effect on ACE as an autoregulatory mechanism . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To investigate the influence of local cardiac converting enzyme ( CE ) inhibition on the effects of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , ANG 2 , and bradykinin ( BK ) , experiments were performed in ischemic isolated perfused working rat hearts . ^^^ Addition of ANG 1 and ANG 2 to the perfusate enhanced , whereas BK reduced postischemic reperfusion arrhythmias , which were almost abolished in the hearts from ramipril ( 1 mg / kg p . o . ) pretreated rats . ^^^ Perfusion with ANG 1 and ANG 2 reduced cardiac function and coronary flow , increased the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase in the perfusate , and decreased high energy rich phosphates and glycogen in the myocardium . ^^^ In hearts from ramipril pretreated animals , the ANG 1 effects were abolished , whereas the ANG 2 actions remained unchanged . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Various amounts of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) or angiotensin ( Ang 2 ) were administered intravenously by constant infusion , with or without pretreatment with angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor , and the pressor response was determined . ^^^ The model was based on a linear compartment model with the following assumptions ; ( a ) there are compartments in respect to Ang 1 and 2 in the body ; ( b ) in the steady state condition , Ang 1 is produced at a constant rate ; ( c ) a part of Ang 1 is converted to Ang 2 by a first order rate process ; ( d ) Ang 1 and 2 are eliminated from the respective compartments by first order rate processes and ( e ) the relationship between mean arterial blood pressure and the amount of Ang 2 in the body can be described by Hill ' s equation with a baseline effect . ^^^ The result indicated that the pressor response to Ang 1 or Ang 2 can be described by the present model . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The results indicate that ( a ) the SFO mediates drinking caused by peripheral ACE inhibition ; ( b ) the ACE located within the SFO may locally convert ANG 1 to ANG 2 , which then stimulates thirst ; and ( c ) central ANG 2 receptors mediate thirst caused by peripheral ACE inhibition . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , its level of expression in renal vessels , especially at the glomerular level , appears to be very low in the adult human kidney , and there is evidence that the conversion of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) may be a rate limiting step in Ang 2 formation in the kidney . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These radioligand binding studies indicated a single class of binding sites with high affinity ( KD = 221 + / 54 pM ) that were saturable ( Bmax = 27 . 2 + / 1 . 6 fmol / mg protein ) and showed characteristic specificity ( SI Ang 2 greater than Ang 2 greater than Sar1Thr8 Ang 2 greater than Ang 3 greater than Ang 1 greater than des Phe 8 Ang 2 greater than des Asp 1 , Arg 2 , Val 3 pentapeptide Ang 2 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Local ACE inhibition in these ischemic hearts antagonized ANG 1 but not ANG 2 effects and enhanced BK effects . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Isolated perfused rat kidneys were used to investigate the effects of the addition of pure angiotensinogen or renin free plasma to the perfusate on angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) generation , renal hemodynamics , and renin release . ^^^ ANG 1 , [ des Asp 1 ] ANG 1 , ANG 2 , and [ des Asp 1 ] ANG 2 are progressively generated in the perfusate . ^^^ Comparison of the ANG 1 and ANG 2 levels in in vitro incubated perfusates and circulated perfusates shows that in plasma injected perfusates the level of immunoreactive ANG 2 is dependent on both the production of ANG 1 and its conversion to ANG 2 by renal and perfusate converting enzyme activity , and on ANG 1 and ANG 2 degradation by the kidney and the perfusate . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These peptides were partially purified from cell homogenates by ion exchange chromatography and identified as being [ Ile 5 ] angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , [ Ile 5 ] angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and to a lesser extent [ Ile 4 ] angiotensin 3 ( Ang 3 ) using high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The rank order potency of 125I SARILE binding was the following : [ Sarc 1 ] Ang 2 = [ Sarc 1 , Ile 8 ] Ang 2 greater than Ang 2 greater than Ang 3 = [ Sarc 1 , Thr 8 ] Ang 2 much greater than Ang 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Competitive displacement of [ 125I ] ANG 2 binding by ANG agonist and antagonist analogs revealed a unique pattern of receptor specificity , with the potency rank order : [ Asn 1 , Val 5 ] ANG 2 greater than [ Asp 1 , Ile 5 ] ANG 2 greater than [ Asp 1 , Val 5 , Ser 9 ] ANG 1 = [ Asp 1 , Val 5 ] ANG 2 much greater than [ Val 5 ] ANG 3 greater than [ sarcosine ( Sar ) 1 , Ile 5 ] ANG 2 greater than [ Sar 1 , Ile 8 ] ANG 2 much greater than [ Sar 1 , Thr 8 ] ANG 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ANG 1 , ANG 2 , [ 125I ] ANG 1 and [ 125I ] ANG 2 were extracted from plasma , separated by h . p . l . c . and quantitated by radio immunoassay or gamma counting . 3 . ^^^ Measurements of arterial and venous [ 125I ] ANG 2 levels indicated that [ 125I ] ANG 1 2 conversion had occurred in the cardio pulmonary vascular bed . 5 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To test the effect of angiotensin ( Ang ) on prorenin / ' ' convertase ' ' regulation , we infused Ang 1 ( 100 ng / kg / min ) intraperitoneally for 24 hours and obtained evidence of `` convertase ' ' inhibition , as happened also following Ang 2 ( 2uM ) addition to incubated cortical slices . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Extraction and combined high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) / radioimmunoassay analysis of hindlimb perfusate showed a spontaneous release of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ; 5 . 0 + / 3 . 4 fmol / h ) and angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ; 31 . 8 + / 7 . 9 fmol / h ) . ^^^ Angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibition with captopril abolished Ang 2 release while Ang 1 levels increased more than 10 fold . ^^^ The renin inhibitor H 142 abolished all effects of renin whereas ACE inhibition prevented Ang 2 formation and vasoconstriction but increased Ang 1 levels . ^^^ Metabolism and pressor effects of synthetic tetradecapeptide renin substrate ( TDP ) , Ang 1 and Ang 2 were studied using a recirculating rat hindlimb perfusion system . ^^^ TDP dependent formation of Ang 1 and 2 , and an increase in perfusion pressure was shown ; ACE inhibition reduced but did not abolish Ang 2 formation and vasoconstriction . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Identical falls were found for plasma ANG 2 ( 72 % and 94 % , respectively ) and ANG 1 and ANG 2 were well correlated ( r = 0 . 91 , P less than . 001 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A combination of HPLC with specific radioimmunoassays for Ang 1 and Ang 2 was utilized to demonstrate that rat brain cells in culture devoid of the influence of the peripheral RAS were able to synthesize radioactively labeled Ang 1 and Ang 2 after incubation with [ 3H ] isoleucine . ^^^ And , finally , an HPLC system capable of separating Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and its metabolites was used to obtain insight into the degradation pattern of angiotensin peptides in the brain . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The amino terminal angiotensin heptapeptide , Asp Arg Val Tyr Ile His Pro [ ANG ( 1 7 ) ] , is the major product formed during incubation of 125I labeled ANG 1 or 125I labeled ANG 2 with homogenates obtained from canine dorsomedial medulla oblongata . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In extracts from the rat hypothalamus , approximately equimolar amounts of Ang ( 1 7 ) , Ang 2 , and Ang 1 were detected ( 1 . 10 , 1 . 18 , and 1 . 45 pmol / g of tissue , respectively ) . ^^^ In the adrenal gland , the predominant peptide was Ang 2 ( 1 . 07 pmol / g ) ; levels of Ang ( 1 7 ) ( 0 . 19 pmol / g ) and Ang 1 ( 0 . 14 pmol / g ) were approximately 20 % that of Ang 2 . ^^^ In plasma , the major angiotensin was Ang 1 ( 0 . 13 pmol / ml ) , with lower levels of Ang ( 1 7 ) and Ang 2 ( 0 . 01 0 . 02 pmol / ml ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Systemic and pulmonary vascular reactivity to graded doses of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) , and , as a control , phenylephrine were examined in 14 or 28 day hypoxia exposed and air control rats . ^^^ Systemic pressor responses to ANG 1 and ANG 2 were significantly less in the hypoxic rats than in the control rats at 14 and 28 days but returned to control levels in hypoxic animals that were then returned to room air , demonstrating reversibility of the hypoxia induced changes in vascular reactivity . ^^^ Pulmonary pressor responses to ANG 1 were significantly less at 14 days , whereas responses to ANG 2 were significantly greater at 28 days , in hypoxic rats than in controls . ^^^ The altered systemic and pulmonary pressor responsiveness to ANG 1 and ANG 2 in hypoxic rats is probably related to mechanisms specific to the renin angiotensin system , such as inhibition of intrapulmonary angiotensin converting enzyme activity and down regulation of ANG 2 receptors in the systemic circulation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Their vasoconstrictor activities were found to be about 80 times less than that of ANG 1 , and were not altered by the CEI enalaprilat , indicating that tonin like enzymes do not play a role in the generation of ANG 2 by the arterial wall . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This hypothesis was investigated by the topical application of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , Ang 2 , the Ang 2 antagonist [ Sar 1 , Thr 8 ] Ang 2 , and the Ang 1 converting enzyme inhibitor MK 422 to a restricted region of the ventral medullary surface known as the glycine sensitive area . ^^^ Both Ang 1 ( 100 pmol ) and Ang 2 ( 100 pmol ) produced significant ( p less than 0 . 01 ) increases in blood pressure ( +20 + / 4 and +31 + / 5 mm Hg , respectively ) that were associated with no change in heart rate . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The results suggest that CGP 29287 prevents in vitro generation of ANG 1 and ANG 2 as well as the ANG metabolites . ^^^ Thus , it is now possible to measure reliably both ANG 1 and ANG 2 within the same plasma extract after a simple extraction procedure . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we examined the effect of indomethacin and meclofenamate on immunoreactive angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and immunoreactive Ang 2 release from perfused rat hind leg vasculature to delineate the possible relevance of prostaglandins to the vascular renin angiotensin system in vitro . ^^^ Indomethacin and meclofenamate ( 10 ( 8 ) to 2 10 10 ( 6 ) M ) added to the perfusion medium suppressed immunoreactive Ang 1 and 2 release to similar extents in a dose dependent manner ( p less than 0 . 001 ) ; the maximal percent inhibition of immunoreactive Ang 2 release evoked by these inhibitors ( 2 10 10 ( 6 ) M ) was 60 + / 6 % ( p less than 0 . 001 ) for indomethacin and 50 + / 4 % ( p less than 0 . 001 ) for meclofenamate . ^^^ There was a highly significant positive correlation between the released amount of immunoreactive Ang 1 and that of immunoreactive Ang 2 altered by indomethacin ( r = 0 . 91 ) , meclofenamate ( r = 0 . 94 ) , or propranolol administration ( r = 0 . 90 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effects of exposing rats to hypoxia ( 10 % O 2 ) at normal atmospheric pressure for periods of 14 or 28 days on angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) activity and stores of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) in lung , kidney , brain , and testis were examined . ^^^ Adaptation to chronic hypoxia did not significantly alter plasma renin activity or ANG 1 or ANG 2 levels or serum ACE content . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ANG 2 appears to be synthesized from ANG 1 via ANG converting enzyme in the primate arteries ; the octapeptide potentiates the contraction caused by adrenergic nerve stimulation , possibly due to prejunctional ANG receptor activation and increased norepinephrine release . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| After preincubation with enalaprilat , which inhibited the conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 by 80 % , the contractile response to ANG 1 ( 10 ( 8 ) to 10 ( 6 ) mol / l ) was significantly greater in aortae which were endothelium denuded compared with endothelium intact segments . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This depolarizing response was utilized to assess changes in ANG 2 concentration in the vicinity of JGECs in order to test whether ANG 2 is generated from ANG 1 and artificial renin substrate ( ARS ) in this preparation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In isolated working rat hearts perfusion with ANG 1 and ANG 2 reduced cardiac function and coronary flow , increased the activities of lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) and creatine kinase ( CK ) in the perfusate , decreased high energy rich phosphates and glycogen in the myocardium and increased duration and incidence of post ischemic reperfusion arrhythmias . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We conclude , that the formation of ANG 1 and its activation to angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) by converting enzyme is possible in synaptosomes . ^^^ This adds further evidence to an intraneuronal synthesis of ANG 1 and ANG 2 in the brain and is in support of previous results demonstrating an intraneuronal localization of the components of the brain renin angiotensin system . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The CE inhibitors ramipril ( HOE 498 ) 1 mg / kg and enalapril ( MK 421 ) 30 mg / kg given orally 1 h prior to killing of the animals inhibited the ANG 1 effects and potentiated the BK effects but had no effects on the action of ANG 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effects of exposing rats to hypoxia at normal atmospheric pressure for periods of 21 24 days on intrapulmonary conversion of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) to angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) were examined using an isolated rat lung preparation perfused at constant flow . 125I ANG 1 ( 160 fmol ) was injected alone and with graded doses ( 0 . 1 , 1 . 0 , and 100 nmol ) of unlabeled ANG 1 into the pulmonary artery , and the effluent was collected for measurement of ANG 1 , ANG 2 , and metabolites . ^^^ At low doses of injected ANG 1 ( 125I ANG 1 alone or with 0 . 1 or 1 . 0 nmol unlabeled ANG 1 ) , the percent conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 was 67 . 5 + / 2 . 1 ( SE ) , 65 . 1 + / 2 . 0 , and 62 . 5 + / 1 . 6 in 21 day hypoxia exposed animals and 83 . 8 + / 2 . 7 , 81 . 4 + / 3 . 9 , and 79 . 6 + / 2 . 3 ( P less than 0 . 01 ) in control rats maintained under normoxic conditions . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Following intravenous infusion , angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) , and angiotensin 3 ( ANG 3 ) enhance Na and water absorption across the jejunum by increasing sympathetic nerve activity . ^^^ Thus ANG 1 must first be converted to ANG 2 to stimulate jejunal absorption . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The CE inhibitor induced changes in parameters of the plasma renin angiotensin system [ angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) , PRC and CE activity ] followed the expected pattern , but were not quantitatively related to the antihypertensive action of the three CE inhibitors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated the effects of inhibition of angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) formation with an ANG 1 converting enzyme inhibitor , namely Enalapril , on circulating levels of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Proximal tubular reabsorption , stop flow pressure ( SFP ) , and single nephron glomerular filtration rate ( SNGFR ) were measured in the absence of and during infusion of an isotonic saline solution containing either angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ; 10 ( 6 ) to 10 ( 5 ) M ) or angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ; 10 ( 9 ) to 10 ( 7 ) M ) into an adjacent peritubular capillary at a rate of 20 nl / min . ^^^ Dilution of the infused ANG 1 and ANG 2 occurred in the peritubular capillary blood and as the peptides diffused into the interstitium . ^^^ Infusion of either 10 ( 7 ) M ANG 2 or 10 ( 5 ) M ANG 1 increased proximal fractional fluid reabsorption ( FRH2O ) and decreased both SFP and SNGFR . ^^^ Similarly , peritubular infusion at lower concentrations of either ANG 2 ( 10 ( 9 ) or 10 ( 8 ) M ) or ANG 1 ( 10 ( 6 ) M ) did not alter FRH2O , SFP , or SNGFR . ^^^ These data indicate that conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 can occur in the peritubular capillary or interstitial environment and that increases above the normal endogenous levels in the postglomerular interstitial ANG 2 concentration can enhance proximal tubular reabsorption and increase preglomerular resistance and thereby reduce SNGFR . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The production of angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) from ANG 1 was significantly greater in isolated arteries from 8 month hypertensive dogs than in those from normotensive dogs when assessed by the contractile responses to ANG 1 and ANG 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Intracranial captopril inhibited renin and ANG 1 induced but not ANG 2 induced drinking . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using in vitro and in vivo techniques , we showed that Ang ( 1 7 ) is processed from Ang 1 in amounts equal to or greater than Ang 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The same hamster cheek pouch microvessels were tested for angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) reactivity before and 10 to 14 days after Grollman ( two kidney , one figure 8 ) or sham operation . ^^^ Then maximal vasoconstrictions to Ang 1 or Ang 2 were measured : Ang 1 and Ang 2 were applied adjacent to arterioles ( 10 ( 2 ) 10 ( 0 ) pmol ) and venules ( 10 ( 1 ) pmol ) in 10 microliter aliquots for 1 minute . ^^^ Conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 ( response to Ang 1 divided by response to Ang 2 ) for first order and Third order arterioles and third order venules was 74 + / 5 , 79 + / 3 , and 72 + / 6 % , respectively , and was unaltered in renovascular hypertensive hamsters . ^^^ Although vessel geometry was not altered , there was a significant shift to the left of the Ang 1 and Ang 2 dose response curves of first order and third order arterioles , indicating increased sensitivity to these vasoconstrictors . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Selectivity for the carboxy terminus of angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and the high affinity of antibodies are prerequisites for clinical assays that evaluate Ang 2 in the presence of Ang 1 . ^^^ Cross reactivities , taking the reactivity with Ang 2 as 1 . 00 are : Ang 1 0 . 003 , Ang ( 1 7 ) 0 . 00001 , Ang 3 1 . 05 , Ang ( 3 8 ) 0 . 88 and Ang ( 4 8 ) 0 . 75 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The authors previously reported a new syndrome , angiotensin converting enzyme dysfunction syndrome ( ACEDS ) , which is clinically characterized by mild systemic hypertension , a hypokalemic alkalosis , and hyperreninism with a high concentration of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , a normal angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) value , and a normal aldosterone level . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| High performance liquid chromatography clearly demonstrated the presence of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , and a small amount of angiotensin 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It is suggested that the elevated plasma ANG 1 concentration achieved after blockade of ACE was converted into ANG 2 approximately 50 min after SQ 14225 injections ( 4 . 0 g / fish ) , when the injected SQ 14225 was effectively metabolized . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Isolated rat hindlegs were perfused with Krebs Ringer solution and released angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) and ANG 2 were determined . ^^^ The release of ANG 1 and ANG 2 in nephrectomized rats did not differ from those in control group . ^^^ Pretreatment with captopril ( 50 mg / kg / day ) for 3 days or addition of captopril ( 2 10 10 ( 6 ) M ) to the perfusate induced increase in ANG 1 release and decrease in ANG 2 release . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The results of pharmacological evaluation of various position 7 substituted analogues were as follows : 1 ) Replacement of proline in position 7 of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and Ang 2 with primary amino acids produced cardiac specific , positive inotropic properties . 2 ) The selectivity of positive cardiac inotropic activity of position 7 substituted analogues of Ang 2 was dependent upon the nature of the amino acid in position 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To test this view , we investigated the effects of vasopressin , Ang 2 , norepinephrine , and the vasopressin V 1 receptor antagonist d ( CH 2 ) 5Tyr ( Me ) AVP on mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate with and without ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium and angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) converting enzyme inhibition with MK 421 in pentobarbital anesthetized rats made hypertensive by treatment with dexamethasone ( 1 . 8 mg / kg / wk for 14 days ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The order of binding inhibition potencies of ANG analogues was [ Sar 1 , Ile 8 ] ANG 2 much greater than [ Sar 1 , Ala 8 ] ANG 2 = ANG 2 = ANG 3 much greater than ANG 1 , which is consistent with in vivo observations of the effects of these analogues on renal blood flow . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Stop flow pressure ( SFP ) feedback responses to step increases in late proximal perfusion rate were obtained during control conditions and during simultaneous peritubular capillary infusion of either angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) or ANG 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The use of the ion pair solvent heptafluorobutyric acid in gradient HPLC achieves baseline resolution of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and the C terminal fragments des [ Asp 1 ] Ang 1 , des [ Asp 1 ] Ang 2 , des [ Asp 1 , Arg 2 ] Ang 2 and des [ Asp 1 , Arg 2 , Val 3 ] Ang 2 in approximately 25 min . ^^^ Ang 1 and Ang 2 were shown to be the major immunoreactive Ang components in plasma , and Ang 2 , des [ Asp 1 , Arg 2 ] Ang 2 and des [ Asp 1 , Arg 2 , Val 3 ] Ang 2 in CSF . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The rank order of potency of 125I Ang 2 binding was as follows : Ang 2 = [ sarcosine 1 , Ala 8 ] Ang 2 greater than [ sarcosine 1 , Ile 8 ] Ang 2 much greater than Ang 3 greater than Ang 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Retention and metabolism of ANG 1 to angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) and their constituent 1 4 peptide by the gill were examined using an isolated perfused arch preparation in which outflow from the respiratory and central filamental ( venous ) pathways was separated . ^^^ The gill respiratory pathway converts ANG 1 to ANG 2 whereas the venous pathway metabolizes either ANG 1 or 2 to the 1 4 peptide and other metabolites . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we demonstrated the presence of immunoreactive ( ir ) ANG 1 and ANG 2 in various human tissues by RIA . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The residual action of ANG 1 in the presence of high concentrations of SA 446 could be abolished by ( Sar 1 , Ala 8 ) ANG 2 . ^^^ Vascular strips and crude extracts of vessels and lungs possessed the enzymic activity generating ANG 2 from ANG 1 , or hippuric acid from hippuryl histidyl leucine ( HHL ) . ^^^ Combined treatment with SA 446 ( 10 ( 5 ) mol / l ) and chymostatin ( 2 . 5 10 10 ( 5 ) mol / l ) abolished the vascular action of ANG 1 but did not alter the action of ANG 2 . ^^^ These results strongly suggest that besides the ANG 1 converting enzyme , another enzyme which generates ANG 2 is present in vascular tissues and lungs , and may play an important role in the local generation of ANG 2 , which possibly regulates the regional vascular tone . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We report here on the extraction and characterization of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) from the brain of rats . ^^^ High pressure liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) with different mobile phases combined with specific radioimmunoassays ( RIA ) proved to be a powerful tool for peptide characterization in biological samples ; ( Ile 5 ) ANG 1 , ( Ile 5 ) ANG 2 and ( Ile 5 ) ANG 3 could clearly be identified in cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) , incubated in vivo and in vitro with renin , in total brain extracts , as well as in hypothalamus ( HT ) , medulla oblongata ( MO ) , cerebellum ( CER ) and cortex ( CO ) . ^^^ ANG 1 and ANG 2 were highest in the HT and lowest in the CO . ^^^ Following bilateral nephrectomy ( NX ) both ANG 1 and ANG 2 persisted at control levels . ^^^ Young 10 week old spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHRSP ) showed significantly lower ANG 1 and ANG 2 concentrations in the HT compared with Wistar Kyoto rats ( WKY ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Blood pressure , heart rate , plasma converting enzyme activity , angiotension 1 ( Ang 1 ) , Ang 2 and aldosterone were measured before and 2 , 4 and 6 h after the morning dose of enalapril . ^^^ After enalapril administration , there was no correlation between plasma Ang 1 and Ang 2 suggesting that blockade of Ang 2 generation was complete , excluding the possibility of Ang 1 related interference with the Ang 2 measurements . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The significantly greater accumulation of ANG 1 and reduction of ANG 2 in stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive Wistar Kyoto rats ( WKY ) indicates a higher synthesis and turnover rate of ANG 2 in SHR . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This study suggests that CEI exerts it ' s effect in part by inhibiting conversion of ANG 1 to angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) , but this ca n ' t exclude other mechanisms . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Fixation conditions were critical for the visualization of immunoreactivity With ang 1 antisera , comparable in terms of titer and affinity to the ang 2 antisera , specific immunoreactivity could not be found in the kidneys of rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effect of captopril on in vitro production of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , [ Val 5 ] angiotensin 2 ( [ Val 5 ] ANG 2 ) and [ Val 4 ] angiotensin 3 ( [ Val 5 ] ANG ( 2 8 ) ) in central venous blood taken from sodium deficient sheep was studied . 2 . ^^^ Captopril enhances in vitro production of ANG 1 but blocks the in vitro production of [ Val 5 ] ANG 2 and [ Val 5 ] ANG ( 2 8 ) . 3 . ^^^ The production of ANG 1 in blood is faster than that of [ Val 5 ] ANG 2 and [ Val 5 ] ANG ( 2 8 ) . 4 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) and ANG 2 stimulated the release of beta END , the ANG 1 effects being inhibited by addition of the converting enzyme inhibitor captopril . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The pressor response in anesthetized turtles to ANG 1 was significantly reduced by captopril , whereas the ANG 2 response remained unchanged , thus demonstrating the presence of ANG converting enzyme activity in these animals . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| At 15 min after renin injections cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) concentrations of ANG 1 and ANG 2 were markedly and equally increased in a dose dependent manner in the indomethacin treated and in the untreated groups . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the present study , regional vascular resistance responses to carotid and abdominal aortic infusions of ANG 2 and angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) were compared in conscious unrestrained rats . ^^^ Unlike ANG 2 , carotid and aortic infusions of ANG 1 produced equivalent regional vasoconstrictor responses not affected by central saralasin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Intrarenal conversion of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) to angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) under conditions of normal and reduced renal blood flow ( RBF ) elicited by constriction of the renal artery was examined in pentobarbital anesthetized dogs . ^^^ In eight animals , tracer doses of 125I ANG 1 ( 5 12 pmol ) were injected into the renal artery and 125I ANG 1 , 125I ANG 2 , and 125I labeled metabolites were measured in renal venous effluent by high voltage paper electrophoresis . ^^^ The mean conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 during a single passage through the kidney was 21 . 8 + / 2 . 1 % at control RBF . ^^^ Although there were severalfold increases in renal renin secretion rate and net ANG 1 generation rate during reduced RBF , net renal ANG 2 formation rate did not change significantly . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Experiments were performed in 14 pentobarbital anesthetized dogs to 1 ) determine if the hepatic arterial vasoconstrictor effects of [ des Asp 1 ] angiotensin 1 [ ( des Asp 1 ] ANG 1 ) were due to its local conversion to angiotensin 3 ( ANG 3 ) and 2 ) to evaluate the magnitude of conversion of ANG 1 to angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) and of [ des Asp 1 ] ANG 1 to ANG 3 in the hepatic arterial vascular bed . ^^^ ANG 1 and [ des Asp 1 ] ANG 1 were equipotent at all doses tested , as were ANG 2 and 3 . ^^^ At all doses tested , ANG 2 and 3 were approximately three times more potent than ANG 1 and [ des Asp 1 ] ANG 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The relative binding potencies for angiotensin 2 and analogues were : [ Sar 1 , Thr 8 ] ANG 2 greater than ANG 2 greater than ANG 3 greater than [ Sar 1 , Ala 8 ] ANG 2 greater than ANG 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Apparently monospecific antisera against the decapeptide angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) have been analyzed for their crossreactivity to the octapeptide angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) . ^^^ Whereas in the conventional displacement reaction of labeled ANG 1 by ANG 2 crossreactivities were in the order of 0 . 01 % , the direct binding assay revealed crossreactivities of up to 20 % . ^^^ Both labeled ANG 1 and ANG 2 can be displaced completely from the antibody by an excess of either ANG 1 or ANG 2 . ^^^ A similar relationship was seen with respect to the crossreactivity of ANG 2 antisera to ANG 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Experiments were conducted in anesthetized dogs to evaluate the differences between the effects of intrarenal conversion of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) to angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) and those of circulating ANG 2 on renal blood flow ( RBF ) , glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) , peritubular capillary pressure ( PCP ) , proximal tubular free flow pressure ( PTP ) , and stop flow pressure ( SFP ) . ^^^ Equiconstrictor doses of ANG 1 and ANG 2 were infused into the renal arteries of dogs kept on normal and high sodium diets . ^^^ In clearance experiments , RBF decreased by 23 % ( low dose ) and 33 % ( high dose ) during the infusion of either ANG 1 or ANG 2 ; GFR was significantly reduced only during the ANG 1 infusion . ^^^ Afferent and efferent arteriolar resistances increased significantly during ANG 1 infusion as well as during infusion of ANG 2 . ^^^ These results indicate that during intra arterial infusion of ANG 1 , the conversion to ANG 2 within the kidney occurs early enough to decrease glomerular filtration rate through an apparent increase in preglomerular resistance . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) concentrations were low in CSF , while ANG 2 levels were comparable to those measured in plasma under control conditions . ^^^ Neither ANG 1 nor ANG 2 penetrated from the blood into the brain ventricles of rats , provided that no unrealistically high doses of ANG 2 were administered intravenously . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Paper chromatography showed that the ANG 2 immunoreactive material measured with antiserum 9 / P was not ANG 1 , ANG 2 , ANG 2 ( 2 8 ) , ANG 2 ( 3 8 ) or ANG 2 ( 4 8 ) . 5 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The acute effects of a single oral dose of captopril on blood pressure , pulse rate and circulating levels of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) , renin , bradykinin and catecholamines were studied in three groups : eight normal subjects , six salt depleted normal subjects and 16 patients with essential hypertension . 2 . ^^^ Hormonal responses to captopril were qualitatively similar in the three groups and consisted of significant falls in ANG 2 with corresponding increases in ANG 1 and plasma renin concentration . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Vasopressor and depressor properties of angiotensins ( ANG ) were characterized in the anesthetized , adult female chicken Gallus gallus . [ Asp 1 , Val 5 , Ser 9 ] ANG 1 and [ Asp 1 , Val 5 ] ANG 2 ( native fowl angiotensins ) increased blood pressure , and removal or replacement of the amino acid in position 1 decreased pressor potency . ^^^ The pressor effect of [ Asp 1 , Val 5 ] ANG 2 was inhibited nearly completely with [ Sar 1 , Ile 8 ] ANG 2 ( 5 micrograms . kg 1 . min 1 ) and partially with [ Sar 1 , Thr 8 ] ANG 2 , [ Ile 8 ] ANG 3 , and [ Ile 8 ] ANG 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Bioassay studies have indicated that angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , but not angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , is degraded by the intact lung . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| After immunotherapy , the values for renin , ANG 1 and ANG 2 were similar to the values found in healthy non allergic controls . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| At the protein level , the percentage of myocytes containing renin , ANG 1 , and ANG 2 was significantly increased in the overloaded heart . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| HPLC analysis of heart perfusate showed that 125I Ang 1 was metabolized extensively ( single passage ) in the rat coronary circulation in vitro leading to the formation of the biologically active angiotensins : angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , Ang ( 2 8 ) , Ang ( 3 8 ) and Ang ( 1 7 ) . ^^^ When 125I Ang 1 was perfused in the presence of ACE inhibitors ( enalaprilat , ramiprilat ) in concentrations up to 130 microM , the formation of Ang 2 was only partially inhibited ( approximately 50 % ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Forearm blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography during sequential infusions of ANG 1 , ANG 2 , and bradykinin into the brachial artery 4 6 h after dosing . ^^^ Analysis of variance for repeated measures indicated that losartan inhibited constriction to ANG 1 and ANG 2 ( both p < 0 . 02 ) in a dose dependent manner without significantly influencing vasodilator responses to bradykinin . ^^^ In human forearm vasculature , oral losartan ( 20 100 mg ) inhibits vasoconstriction to ANG 1 and ANG 2 without significantly influencing bradykinin induced vasodilation , whereas enalapril selectively inhibits ANG 1 induced vasoconstriction while potentiating the vasodilator effect of bradykinin . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , ANG 2 , ANG 3 and C terminal hexa , penta , tetra and tripeptide stimulated water intake in water replete rats and induced significant pressor responses . ^^^ In both paradigms the most active peptides ( in the pmol range ) were ANG 2 , ANG 1 and ANG 3 , in that order . ^^^ Drinking induced by both ANG 1 and ANG ( 4 8 ) was antagonized by the ANG 2 receptor blocking agent Sar 1 Ala8 ANG 2 . ^^^ It is concluded that conversion of ANG 1 into ANG 2 is a prerequisite for the expression of the observed biological activity in the brain . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This intermittent partial `` escape ' ' is explained either by a renin mediated reactive rise in plasma Ang 1 or by non ACE dependent Ang 2 generation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 2 and its precursor Ang 1 ( both 0 . 01 to 1 mumol / L ) enhanced stimulation induced outflow of radioactivity in a concentration dependent manner , with EC 50 values of 0 . 03 and 0 . 05 mumol / L , respectively . ^^^ The enhancement by Ang 1 but not that by Ang 2 was inhibited by the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril ( 3 mumol / L ) . ^^^ The concentration response curves of Ang 1 and Ang 2 were shifted to the right by EXP 3174 ( 0 . 01 mumol ) , the in vitro active form of the Ang 2 type 1 receptor antagonist losartan , with affinity estimates of 8 . 72 and 9 . 30 , respectively . ^^^ A higher concentration of EXP 3174 ( 0 . 1 mumol / L ) abolished the facilitatory effects of Ang 1 and Ang 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The fractional conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 , calculated after separation of angiotensin peptides by HPLC , was 0 . 415 + / 0 . 104 ( n = 5 , mean + / SD ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The contractions to angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ; 10 ( 7 ) M ) were markedly inhibited by enalaprilat ( 10 ( 7 ) M ) in SV ( control : 34 + / 6 % of 100 mM KCl ; treatment : 18 + / 6 % ; n = 7 ; p < 0 . 05 ) but not in IMA ( control : 33 + / 4 % ; treatment : 30 + / 6 % ; n = 7 ; NS ) and abolished by the Ang 2 receptor antagonist DuP 753 ( 10 ( 7 ) M ) in both blood vessels . ^^^ Ang 2 ( 10 ( 7 ) M ) induced more pronounced contractions than Ang 1 in IMA ( 63 + / 4 % ) and SV ( 63 + / 5 % ; n = 5 6 ; p < 0 . 05 vs . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| HUK released ANG 2 not only from ANG 1 but also directly from both AOGEN and 13RS at an optimum pH of 7 . 0 . ^^^ The amount of generated ANG 2 from 7 . 5 nmol of each of the three substrates at pH 7 . 0 was as follows : ANG 1 , 292 . 7 + / 67 . 2 ; 13 RS , 1951 . 7 + / 239 . 6 ; AOGEN , 2 . 2 + / 0 . 3 ( pmol / 3h , n = 3 mean + / SE ) . ^^^ These results suggest that HUK is a part of the `` kinintensin system ' ' , i . e . , HUK can not only release kinins , but can also generate ANG 2 mainly through ANG 1 conversion and from AOGEN , the latter being a minor source of ANG 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We measured angiotensin ( 1 7 ) [ Ang ( 1 7 ) ] , Ang 2 , and Ang 1 in plasma , kidney , adrenal , heart , aorta , brown adipose tissue , lung , and brain of male SHR and normotensive Donryu rats at 6 , 10 , and 20 weeks of age . ^^^ Although plasma angiotensin converting enzyme activity was lower in SHR than in Donryu rats , lung was the only SHR tissue with a reduced Ang 2 Ang 1 ratio . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although larger forms of angiotensin ( i . e . , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Ang 3 ) are capable of inducing PAI 1 expression , this property is lost in the presence of converting enzyme or aminopeptidase inhibitors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In separate experiments aimed at the quantification of renin induced vasoconstriction , captopril decreased the perfusion pressure and lowered Ang 2 concentrations to nondetectable levels , whereas Ang 1 values increased sharply . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The results of these studies , which employed the aortic banded rat model of cardiac hypertrophy , indicate that the intracardiac conversion of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) is significantly increase in hypertrophied hearts compared with hearts from age matched , sham operated controls , and that Ang 2 may have a direct effect of slowing relaxation and altering diastolic tone in the hypertrophied heart . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma Ang 1 and Ang 2 concentrations closely paralleled each other . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In spite of no inhibition of plasma Ang 2 , the pressor response to intravenous Ang 1 was still suppressed after captopril treatment . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Measurements were made at baseline and after [ Pro11DAla12 ] Ang 1 , a specific substrate for human chymase , was given in consecutive fashion as a 0 . 1 mg bolus , an hour long intravenous infusion of 5 mg , a 3 mg bolus , and after 5 mg of an Ang 2 receptor antagonist . [ Pro11DAla12 ] Ang 1 significantly increased LV systolic and diastolic pressure , LV end diastolic and end systolic dimensions and the time constant of LV relaxation and significantly decreased LV fractional shortening and wall thickening . ^^^ Thus , in primates , Ang 1 is converted into Ang 2 by an enzyme with chymase like activity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 1 infusion rates of 4 , 8 , 16 , and 32 pmol / kg / min caused gradual increments in plasma Ang 1 ( maximal change from 26 + / 18 to 578 + / 120 pmol / liter , P < 0 . 05 ) and , despite treatment with enalapril , also of Ang 2 ( from 3 + / 1 to 29 + / 5 pmol / liter , P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ Infusions of Ang 2 at 1 and 4 pmol / kg / min in the same subjects caused comparable increments in plasma Ang 2 and had similar physiological effects as found during the Ang 1 infusion . ^^^ Analysis of covariance of the changes in plasma Ang 2 and each of the measured variables revealed no differences between Ang 1 and Ang 2 infusions . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We previously reported that angiotensin ( 1 7 ) [ Ang ( 1 7 ) ] , a heptapeptide derived from the metabolism of either Ang 1 or Ang 2 , was biologically active in the rat isolated kidney , producing a marked diuresis and natriuresis that could be dissociated from the modest increase in glomerular filtration rate . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ten normotensive men with the DD genotype and 10 with the 2 genotype participated in a study in which pressor responses to stepwise infusions of incremental doses of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and Ang 2 and Ang 2 production during Ang 1 infusion were measured . ^^^ The PD 20 for Ang 1 in subjects with the DD genotype was significantly lower than that in 2 genotype subjects ( 8 . 8 versus 14 . 8 ng / kg per minute , P = . 0091 ) , whereas the PD 20 for Ang 2 between the two groups did not differ significantly . ^^^ The ratio of PD 20 for Ang 1 and Ang 2 in DD subjects was significantly lower than that in 2 subjects ( 0 . 85 versus 0 . 96 , P = . 0452 ) , and the venous levels of Ang 2 during Ang 1 infusion in DD subjects were significantly higher than those in 2 subjects ( P < . 01 ) . ^^^ Our study has shown increased pressor responsiveness to Ang 1 , probably as a consequence of the generation of increased Ang 2 levels , in subjects homozygous for the DD allele of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS AND RESULTS : Twenty four normotensive male volunteers homozygous for the ACE I / D polymorphism ( 12 DD and 12 2 ) received a renin inhibitor infusion ( remikiren 0 . 1 mg . kg 1 . h 1 for 130 minutes ) to suppress endogenous Ang 1 and Ang 2 production . ^^^ Remikiren suppressed plasma Ang 1 and Ang 2 , increased plasma active renin ( from 23 + / 12 to 154 + / 161 pg / mL ) , decreased plasma aldosterone ( from 106 + / 42 to 82 + / 33 pg / mL ) , and slightly decreased diastolic blood pressure ( from 2 . 4 + / 2 . 7 mm Hg ) . ^^^ The blood pressure and hormonal responses to Ang 1 infusion after renin inhibition and the slope of the rise in plasma Ang 2 with increasing Ang 1 dose were identical in both groups , as was the plasma Ang I / Ang 2 ratio before ( DD , 2 . 09 + / 1 . 04 ; 2 , 2 . 59 + / 0 . 76 ) and after ( DD , 0 . 15 + / 0 . 13 ; 2 , 0 . 09 + / 0 . 03 ) combined renin inhibitor and Ang 1 infusion . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Despite its association with a major difference in plasma ACE levels , the ACE I / D polymorphism did not influence the Ang 2 and plasma aldosterone production , plasma active renin decrease , or diastolic blood pressure increase induced by exogenous Ang 1 infusion , suggesting that ACE has no limiting influence on systemic Ang 2 generation and effects under these experimental conditions . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored by an automated oscillometric device , and blood samples were obtained for active renin , total renin , plasma renin activity , angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , Ang 2 , aldosterone , and plasma zankiren concentration . ^^^ Satisfactory absorption of zankiren HCl was demonstrated by the results of plasma drug concentration determinations , and renin inhibitory activity was confirmed by dose related suppression of plasma renin activity , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and aldosterone and increases in plasma active renin concentration . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , Ang 2 , angiotensinogen , and renin are formed locally in the vasculature . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The extracts contained radioactive material which eluted from a Bio Sil TSK 125 gel filtration column in the low molecular weight range with the same retention time as synthetic angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) or angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) . ^^^ The extracted radioactive material also bound to anti ANG 1 and anti ANG 2 antibodies . ^^^ However , excess of unlabeled synthetic ANG 1 or ANG 2 failed to displace the bound radioactivity . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 2 ( 10 ( 8 ) to 10 ( 6 ) M ) evoked a contraction of ciliary arteries and was more potent than Ang 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Hypertensive , ren 2 transgenic ( TG+ ) rat hindquarters released significantly more ANG 1 ( 110 + / 19 vs . 65 + / 21 fmol / 30 min in SD rats ) and ANG 2 ( 235 + / 22 vs . 140 + / 30 fmol / 30 min ) ; however , nerve stimulation did not alter ANG release in TG+ rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We determined the levels of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) , and the heptapeptide angiotensin ( 1 7 ) [ ANG ( 1 7 ) ] in the blood and brain of female Hannover Sprague Dawley ( SD ) and transgenic hypertensive rats [ mRen 2 ] 27 by radioimmunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography . ^^^ Hypertension was accompanied by higher plasma concentrations of ANG 2 , no statistical changes in ANG ( 1 7 ) , and no differences in plasma ANG 1 levels . ^^^ In the hypothalamus of transgenic rats , concentrations of ANG 2 and ANG ( 1 7 ) averaged 827 % and 168 % above values in SD rats ( p < 0 . 005 ) whereas both ANG 1 and ANG 2 increased in the medulla oblongata . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , significantly positive correlation was found between the ventricular Ang 2 and V / Bwt ( r = 0 . 7721 , P < 0 . 001 ) , while the plasma Ang 1 and 2 and PRA remained at the control level . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Pulmonary vasoconstrictor responses to angiotensin ( ANG ) 4 , the 3 8 amino acid fragment of ANG 2 , were compared with responses to ANG 1 , ANG 2 , and ANG 3 and to other vasoactive peptides in the isolated blood perfused rat lung . ^^^ In terms of relative activity , ANG 4 was similar in potency to bradykinin and serotonin but was approximately 100 fold less potent than ANG 1 , ANG 2 , and ANG 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : Levels of immunoreactivity and enzymatic activity in various human tissues were evaluated respectively by Western blot analysis and by an enzymatic assay for Ang 2 forming activity from Ang 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a pathway for conversion of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) to angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) other than that via angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) is present in the smooth muscle of the human detrusor . ^^^ However , the conversion of ANG 1 ( 166 nmol . min 1 . mg protein 1 ) to ANG 2 was not affected by ACE inhibition , while serine protease inhibitors , e . g . , STI and chymostatin , completely prevented ANG 2 formation . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) elicited an increase in PAI activity similar to that obtained with equivalent doses of Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunoreactive angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) were measured in human urine , after purification on octadecasilyl silica cartridges . ^^^ The excretion of ANG 1 increased by a factor of 7 . 8 + / 2 . 4 and the excretion of ANG 2 by a factor of 6 . 1 + / 1 . 6 ( mean + / SEM ; n = 15 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To examine whether urinary angiotensin ( ANG ) 1 and 2 excretion responds to changes in plasma ANG 1 and ANG 2 , ANG 1 or ANG 2 was infused in seven healthy subjects pretreated with a 340 mmol sodium diet and 20 mg of enalapril twice daily . ^^^ Infusion rates were 4 , 8 , 16 , and 32 pmol / kg per minute for ANG 1 and 1 , 4 , and 8 pmol / kg per minute for ANG 2 . ^^^ Baseline ANG 1 and ANG 2 excretions averaged 10 and 20 fmol / min , respectively , which is approximately 0 . 3 and 5 % of the filtered loads . ^^^ Similarly , the 30 fold increase in plasma ANG 2 during ANG 2 infusion was not followed by an increase in ANG 2 excretion , but in fact by a decrease in urinary ANG 1 and ANG 2 . ^^^ In a separate study , urinary ANG 1 and ANG 2 were measured before and after the oral administration of 20 mg of enalapril in eight healthy volunteers taking 400 , 200 , or 20 mmol of NaCl daily . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Exogenous angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) was degraded to mainly des Asp ANG 1 instead of ANG 2 in the hypothalamic homogenate of the Sprague Dawley ( SD ) , Wistar Kyoto ( WKY ) , left renal artery stenosed hypertensive SD ( LRAS ) , deoxycorticosterone acetate / salt induced hypertensive SD ( DOCA salt ) and spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHR ) . ^^^ The data show that the angiotensin converting enzyme present in the hypothalamus when extracted by the normal laboratory procedures is not able to hydrolyse ANG 1 to ANG 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Cardiac renin and Ang 1 levels ( expressed per gram wet weight ) were similar to the plasma levels , and Ang 2 in cardiac tissue was higher than in plasma ( P < . 05 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the experimental groups , during the 5 min before ischemia , we administered 100 ng / ml angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ; n = 9 ) , 1 microgram / ml enalaprilat ( ACEI ; n = 5 ) , both agents ( ACEI + Ang 1 ) ( n = 6 ) , or 10 ng / ml angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ; n = 6 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These results demonstrate that ANG 1 , 2 , and 3 have similar pulmonary pressor activity and that responses are mediated by ANG 2 type 1 receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although the precise role of this aminopeptidase has yet to be determined , its presence establishes the existence of a specific pathway for the degradation of ANG 1 that bypasses the formation of ANG 2 . ^^^ The relationship between degradation and hypertension is shown by our recent findings that the formation of [ des Asp 1 ] ANG 1 form ANG 1 in the hypothalamic homogenate of the spontaneously hypertensive rat ( SHR ) is significantly enhanced , and the findings of other investigators that the production of ANG 2 by neuronal cultures of the SHR is significantly decreased . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The captopril infused rats 1 ) increased water intake normally after central injections of ANG 1 given immediately after each salt appetite test , 2 ) had no arterial pressor response after intravenously injected ANG 1 , and 3 ) had normal arterial pressor responses after either intravenously injected ANG 2 or centrally injected ANG 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Our first goal was to examine renal tissue Ang 1 : Ang 2 relations to ascertain whether Ang 2 formation differs in the circulation and in renal tissue . ^^^ We have recently shown an authentic Ang II / Ang 1 ratio of 1 . 5 : 1 in renal lymph , the opposite of the Ang 2 : Ang 1 relation in plasma . ^^^ We measured Ang 1 and Ang 2 in plasma and renal tissue of rats given an intravenous dose of either vehicle , enalapril , or ramipril , over a wide dose range , from 0 . 1 to 10 . 0 mg / kg i . v . ^^^ Whereas the Ang 1 concentration in normal rat plasma ( 273 + / 84 fmol / mL ) was over threefold the plasma Ang 2 concentration ( 83 + / 12 fmol / mL ) , the ratio was reversed in the kidney ( Ang 2 , 178 + / 12 versus Ang 1 , 91 + / 3 fmol / g ; P < . 001 ) . ^^^ Although ramipril and enalapril induced an indistinguishable dose related acute fall in blood pressure and plasma Ang 2 concentration , lower enalapril doses were less effective in reducing renal tissue Ang 1 : Ang 2 conversion and Ang 2 concentration ( P < . 025 ) . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A reduction in the ratio of plasma angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) to Ang 1 was seen for 0 . 006 mg / kg per day perindopril , with an increase in plasma renin and Ang 1 at 0 . 017 mg / kg per day . ^^^ Plasma Ang 2 levels did not decrease until 1 . 4 mg / kg per day perindopril , at which dose plasma Ang 1 levels reached a plateau of an approximate 25 fold increase . ^^^ The effects of perindopril on Ang 2 and Ang 1 levels in heart , lung , aorta , and brown adipose tissue were parallel to those observed for plasma . ^^^ By contrast , renal Ang 1 levels did not increase , and renal Ang 2 levels decreased by 40 % at 0 . 017 mg / kg per day , the same threshold seen for the increase in plasma renin . ^^^ Lisinopril also increased aortic bradykinin ( 1 9 ) and bradykinin ( 1 7 ) levels at doses below the threshold for the decrease in the ratio of Ang 2 to Ang 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Captopril and enalaprilat , ANG 2 converting enzyme inhibitors , decreased the pressor response to ANG 1 while increasing the pressor response to ANG 2 and 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Hypertension in TG rats was associated with decreased plasma ANG 1 , no differences in plasma ANG 2 , and plasma ANG ( 1 7 ) near the detectable level . ^^^ In both strains , the chronic fall in BP produced by lisinopril was accompanied by significant increases in plasma ANG 1 and ANG ( 1 7 ) , while losartan augmented plasma ANG 1 and ANG 2 in both strains and plasma ANG ( 1 7 ) in TG rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To further address the role of the cardiac renin angiotensin system in the pathophysiology of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy , we examined the effects of TCV 116 , a newly developed , highly specific nonpeptide Ang 2 receptor antagonist , on cardiac hypertrophy and the tissue angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and Ang 2 , as well as plasma renin activity ( PRA ) and Ang 2 , were determined . ^^^ The left ventricular Ang 1 and Ang 2 contents were lowered by TCV 116 ( 12 . 9 + / 1 . 4 vs . 30 . 4 + / 2 . 5 pg / tissue , control , p < 0 . 01 , for Ang 1 ; 15 . 1 + / 0 . 6 vs . 18 . 7 + / 0 . 4 pg / tissue , control , p < 0 . 01 , for Ang 2 ) , whereas PRA and plasma Ang 2 concentration were increased by the treatment . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The ligand binding signatures of the three receptor isoforms are essentially the same and are illustrated by the affinity and order of potency of the following ligands : L 158 , 809 > or = Sar 1 , Ile8Ang 2 > saralasin Ang 2 > or = Ang 3 > EXP 581 > EXP 3174 > losartan > or = EXP 811 > GR 117 , 289c > EXP 6803 > DuP 532 > Ang 1 > > PD 123177 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , patients with a history of hymenoptera venom anaphylaxis showed significantly reduced angiotensin 1 and angiotensin 2 plasma levels as compared to controls ( ANG 1 : 9 . 51 + / 0 . 61 fmol / ml vs . 22 . 91 + / 1 . 73 fmol / ml ; ANG 2 : 2 . 84 + / 0 . 16 fmol / ml vs . 6 . 95 + / 0 . 33 fmol / ml ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The overflows ( i . e . , veno arterial concentration differences multiplied by plasma flow ) of angiotensin ( 1 10 ) decapeptide ( ANG 1 ) and angiotensin ( 1 8 ) octapeptide ( ANG 2 ) from blood perfused canine gracilis muscle in situ were studied . ^^^ ANG 1 was found to be generated in the catheter system supplying the gracilis muscle with arterial blood , but plasma renin activity and ANG 2 levels were uninfluenced by the catheter system . ^^^ A positive venoarterial concentration difference over the muscle itself was found for ANG 2 but not for ANG 1 under basal conditions . ^^^ Isoprenaline elicited vasodilatation , reduced ANG 1 overflow , and tended to increase ANG 2 overflow , whereas beta adrenoceptor blockade by propranolol had no effect on these variables . ^^^ The net overflow of ANG 2 was most likely caused by local conversion in the tissue of ANG 1 artifactually generated in the arterial catheter system . beta Adrenoceptor stimulation enhanced the local conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 , probably by exposing a greater endothelial surface containing angiotensin converting enzyme activity . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Previous studies have suggested that Ang 1 convertase is important for production of Ang 2 in the heart . ^^^ Our results are consistent with a potential role for Ang 1 convertase in the production of Ang 2 in the vasculature , resulting in Ang 2 mediated vasoconstriction . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We tested the hypothesis that the conversion of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) in blood vessels is elevated in SHRSP . ^^^ DESIGN : We measured the conversion rate of Ang 1 to Ang 2 during one pass through an isolated resistance vessel bed . ^^^ RESULTS : The conversion rates of Ang 1 to Ang 2 did not differ between SHRSP and WKY in young or in adult rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The dose response curves of contractions obtained with ANG 1 or ANG 2 as well as the dose dependent inhibition of ANG 1 induced responses in the presence of CGS 16617 were similar for carotids taken from both WKY and SHR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The kidney cortex possesses the enzyme necessary to convert angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) directly to Ang ( 1 7 ) bypassing Ang 2 as an intermediate . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We profiled the concentrations of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , and angiotensin ( 1 7 ) [ Ang ( 1 7 ) ] by the combination of radioimmunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography in the blood of 14 week old male Wistar Kyoto ( WKY ) and spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHR ) drinking either tap water or a solution containing ceranapril ( 30 mg / kg ) or lisinopril ( 20 mg / kg ) for 14 days . ^^^ Plasma renin activity , angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) activity , and plasma levels of Ang 1 and Ang 2 were the same in vehicle treated WKY and SHR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) were measured radioimmunologically in human leukocytes extracted with a mixture of acetone , 1N HCl and water ( 40 : 1 : 10 vol ) . ^^^ The analytical recoveries of 125I ANG 1 and 125I ANG 2 , which were added prior to extraction , were 92 . 00 + / 3 . 10 and 99 . 19 + / 0 . 91 % ( mean + / SEM ; n = 12 ) . ^^^ The concentration of ANG 1 and ANG 2 like material in leukocytes from healthy volunteers was 32 . 04 + / 3 . 64 and 13 . 05 + / 1 . 26 fmol / mg protein ( n = 24 ) . ^^^ The immunoreactive material could be characterized on HPLC as Ile 5 ANG 1 , Ile 5 ANG 2 and angiotensin metabolites such as Ile 4 ANG 3 , Ile 3 ANG 2 hexapeptide , Ile 2 ANG 2 pentapeptide and Ile 1 ANG 2 tetrapeptide . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN ANG 1 AND ANG 2 : AT 1 blockade by losartan is followed by rises in plasma Ang 1 and Ang 2 ; ACE inhibitors are associated with an increase in plasma Ang 1 but a fall in Ang 2 , whereas both plasma Ang 1 and Ang 2 fall with renin inhibition . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ACE inhibitors act within the renin angiotensin system to prevent the conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The role of cardiac ACE in intracardiac conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 and its specific inhibition was studied in isolated , isovolumic beating , buffer perfused LVH and control hearts . ^^^ Intracardiac Ang 1 to Ang 2 conversion rate was fourfold higher in LVH than in control hearts ( p < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ Infusion of enalaprilat reduced the intracardiac Ang 1 to Ang 2 conversion rate in LVH hearts by 70 % ( p < 0 . 05 versus Ang 1 ) . ^^^ Blockade of the enzyme by an ACE inhibitor decreases intracardiac Ang 1 to Ang 2 conversion rate and prevents the functional changes of Ang 1 to Ang 2 activation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Isoproterenol was infused into the brachial artery , and active renin , plasma renin activity , and Ang 1 and Ang 2 forearm balance ( venous arterial differences corrected for forearm blood flow by strain gauge plethysmography ) were measured . ^^^ Despite a comparable vasodilation , beta adrenergic stimulation failed to release active renin , plasma renin activity , and Ang 1 and Ang 2 in primary aldosteronism . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To determine the contribution of kidney derived renin and angiotensin converting enzyme to circulating and tissue levels of angiotensin peptides , we measured angiotensin ( Ang ) ( 1 7 ) , Ang 2 , Ang ( 1 9 ) , and Ang 1 in plasma , kidney , lung , heart , aorta , brown adipose tissue , adrenal , pituitary , and brain of five groups of male Sprague Dawley rats : control rats , rats given the converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril ( 10 mg / kg ) , rats nephrectomized 24 hours , rats nephrectomized 48 hours , and rats nephrectomized 48 hours and given ramipril . ^^^ Plasma and tissues , apart from adrenal , showed a 63 % to 98 % reduction in Ang 2 , the ratio of Ang 2 to Ang 1 , or both after ramipril administration , indicating a major role for converting enzyme in Ang 2 formation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although much angiotensinogen is extracellular and could therefore be a site of synthesis outside of the cell , intracellular angiotensinogen in a NRAS process could produce Ang 2 intracellularly without requiring extracellular conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 by ACE . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The ligand binding signature of the AT1A receptor is defined by the affinity ( Ki = nM ) and order of potency of the following ligands : saralasin ( 2 . 07 ) > Ang 2 ( 3 . 35 ) > losartan ( 14 ) > Ang 3 ( 20 ) > GR 117289C ( 28 ) > EXP 6803 ( 160 ) > Ang 1 ( 281 ) > PD 123177 ( > 10 , 000 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It is characterized by a high affinity for Ang 2 ( Kd 0 . 75 + / 0 . 13 nM ) and Ang 1 ( Ki 0 . 72 + / 0 . 12 nM ) , but a very low affinity for Ang 3 ( Ki 31 + / 5 microM ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In homogenates of the endothelium and smooth muscle cum adventitia of the rat aorta , exogenous angiotensin ( ANG ) 1 was found to be degraded to des aspartate ANG 1 ( des Asp ANG 1 ) instead of ANG 2 . ^^^ The data show that the angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) present in the homogenates of rat aorta , prepared by normal laboratory procedures , is not able to hydrolyse ANG 1 to ANG 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 1 , Ang 2 and Ang ( 1 7 ) stimulated PGE 2 as well as PGI 2 synthesis in a dose dependent pattern . ^^^ Ang 2 but not Ang 1 or Ang ( 1 7 ) also caused an increase in the intracellular concentration of Ca++ . ^^^ Ang 2 and Ang 1 stimulated ( 10 nM ) PG production was attenuated by all three AT 1 antagonists . ^^^ These data show that Ang 1 and Ang 2 stimulate PGE 2 and PGI 2 release via activation of both AT 1 and AT 2 receptors in porcine VSMC . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Functional ACE activity was determined by comparing positive inotropic responses to [ Pro 10 ] Ang 1 in either vehicle pretreated or ACE inhibitor pretreated papillary muscles . [ Pro 10 ] Ang 1 elicits a response , which is entirely dependent on ACE mediated conversion to Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ANG 1 ( 10 ( 9 ) M ) and ANG 3 ( 10 ( 10 ) M ) also stimulated the Na ( + ) HCO 3 cotransporter , and captopril ( 10 ( 4 ) M ) attenuated the ANG 1 stimulation by 68 + / 3 . 5 % ( P < 0 . 01 ) but not that of ANG 2 and 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Plasma angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) and plasma angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) were initially increased between the first day and the first week , were suppressed at the second week , then increased again at the third week . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We examined the effects of ACE inhibitor treatment and its withdrawal on angiotensin ( 1 7 ) [ Ang ( 1 7 ) ] , angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) in plasma , kidney , adrenal , heart , aorta , brown adipose tissue , lung , and brain of male SHR and normotensive Donryu rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The transgenic rats are characterized by unchanged or even suppressed concentrations of active renin , angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , ANG 2 , and angiotensinogen compared to transgene negative littermates . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NEP 24 . 11 degraded ANG 2 , ANG 3 . and bradykinin ( BK ) and converted ANG 1 to the active metabolite ANG ( 1 7 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In in vivo studies , ANG 1 ( 0 . 5 nmol / min ) followed by ANG 1 plus the ACE inhibitor Cap ( 0 . 1 mumol / min ) was infused into the left anterior descending artery , and ANG 2 was assayed in the proximal aorta and coronary sinus . ^^^ The arterial venous ( A 5 ) difference of ANG 2 across the myocardial circulation increased significantly during ANG 1 infusion ( 13 . 4 + / 23 . 5 to 142 . 8 + / 71 . 4 pg / ml ; P < 0 . 03 ) . ^^^ Subsequent coinfusion of Cap with ANG 1 significantly decreased the myocardial A 5 difference of ANG 2 by 60 + / 18 % ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ This comparison of in vivo and in vitro conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 by ACE and chymase like activity suggests that in vitro assays may underestimate the functional contribution of ACE to intracardiac ANG 2 formation . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In contrasting to Ang 1 and Ang 2 , plasma Ang ( 1 7 ) concentration decreased significantly only within 60 min of 5 . 0 % NaCl infusion ( 19 . 5 + / 2 . 9 vs 30 . 5 + / 1 . 9 pg / ml in the control group ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Captopril suppressed Ang 2 and increased Ang 1 levels . ^^^ Conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 in hindquarter vasculature was approximately 75 % and completely suppressed by captopril . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To clarify the role of vascular endothelial cells ( VEC ) and smooth muscle cells ( VSMC ) in the generation of angiotensin ( Ang ) 2 , we measured the Ang 2 forming activity of these cells in culture using synthetic Ang 1 and tridecapeptide renin substrate ( 13RS ) . ^^^ It is suggested that Ang 1 could be converted to Ang 2 not only by VEC but also by VSMC . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Kidney Ang 1 and 2 levels were threefold and sixfold higher in newborn than adult kidneys , respectively ( Ang 1 , 678 + / 180 versus 243 + / 38 fmol / g , P < . 01 ; Ang 2 , 667 + / 75 versus 103 + / 6 fmol / g , P < . 001 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Inhibition of the renin angiotensin system ( RAS ) was estimated by plasma ACE inhibition and also by the ratio of angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) / Ang 1 + Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Consistently , sympatho facilitation by Ang 1 , which could be abolished by the angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor imidaprilat , was apparently greater than that of Ang 2 in SHR , despite no difference in WKY . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated the constrictor effects of Angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and Angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) on rabbit peripheral ( aorta , carotid artery , mesenteric artery , saphenous artery ) and cerebral ( basilar artery ) vessels and in rat aorta in functional organ bath studies . ^^^ Since ACE determines the plasma and tissue conversion of Ang 1 to active Ang 2 , we calculated the ratio R ( EC 50 Ang 1 induced contraction : EC 50 Ang 2 induced contraction ) as an indicator of the tissue ACE effectiveness . ^^^ In the aorta without endothelium , Ang 1 was found to be much less potent than Ang 2 in the rabbit ( R = 44 ) compared with the rat ( R = 3 . 5 ) . ^^^ This species difference in the aortic conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 was confirmed by the use of captopril . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The active renin ( AR ) , angiotensinogen , angiotensin 1 ( ang 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( ang 2 ) and aldosterone plasma concentrations were measured , as was plasma angiotensin 1 converting enzyme ( ACE ) activity in vitro ( colorimetric and fluorimetric method ) and in vivo ( the ang II / ang 1 ratio ) . ^^^ The gradual decline in AF , plasma levels , together with the prolonged ACE inhibition as measured in vivo by the ang II / ang 1 ratio , explains the absence of a rise in ang 2 synthesis . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| DESIGN AND METHODS : Blood pressure , cardiac rate and the plasma concentrations of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , Ang ( 1 7 ) , prostaglandin E 2 and 6 keto prostaglandin F 1 alpha ( the breakdown product of prostacyclin ) were determined in the peripheral venous blood of 24 essential hypertensive subjects before and 3 h after administration of 50 mg captopril . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Surprisingly , despite the occurrence of optimal P 2 and P 1 residues at the Phe 8 downward arrow and Tyr 4 downward arrow bonds ( where downward arrow , indicates the scissile bond in peptide substrates ) in Ang 1 ( DRVYIHPFHL ) , human chymase cleaves the Phe 8 downward arrow bond with an approximately 750 fold higher catalytic efficiency ( kcat / Km ) than the Tyr 4 downward arrow bond in Ang 2 ( DRVYIHPF ) , whereas rat chymase 1 cleaves the Tyr 4 downward arrow bond with an approximately 20 fold higher catalytic efficiency than the Phe 8 downward arrow bond . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A serine protease was responsible for the majority of Ang 2 production in both the membrane preparation and Ang 1 induced contractions of isolated coronary arteries . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Similar results were obtained in vivo in experiments investigating the blood pressure increasing response to intravenous injection of ANG 1 or ANG 2 in conscious normotensive rats and dogs after oral or intravenous application of moexipril or moexiprilat , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 2 , Ang 1 , BK ( 1 9 ) , and its metabolite BK ( 1 7 ) were measured 1 , 2 , 3 , 7 , and 28 days after myocardial infarction . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Human corpus cavernosum contained 1178 + / 223 ( SEM ) fmol Ang 2 , 528 + / 171 fmol Ang 1 , 475 + / 67 fmol des asp Ang 1 , and 1897 + / 371 fmol des asp Ang II / gm . tissue ( n = 4 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| When heart homogenate was incubated with Ang 1 , three enzymes were responsible for its metabolism : heart chymase and heart ACE converted Ang 1 to Ang 2 , and heart carboxypeptidase A ( CPA ) like activity degraded Ang 1 to Ang ( 1 9 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| After short term ( 0 . 1 , 0 . 3 , and 1 mg / kg ) or long term oral administration ( 0 . 3 mg / kg ) , perindopril significantly inhibited plasma ACE ( p < 0 . 001 ) , the plasma angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) / Ang 1 ratio ( p < 0 . 01 ) , and decreased mean arterial pressure ( p < 0 . 001 ) in a dose related manner . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In 2K1C hindlimbs , Ang 1 infusion ( 0 . 5 pmol / mL ) resulted in increased Ang 2 generation ( 157 + / 16 versus 123 + / 23 fmol / mL , P = . 014 at minute 10 ) compared with controls . ^^^ Despite markedly higher Ang 1 release in sham operated than in 2K1C rats ( 71 + / 8 versus 37 + / 6 pmol / mL , P = . 008 at minute 12 ) , Ang 2 was only moderately increased ( 36 + / 3 versus 25 + / 6 pmol / mL , P = . 12 at minute 12 ) . ^^^ Nevertheless , increased ACE gene expression and ACE activity in the vessel wall lead to an increase in the conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Patients with a history of anaphylactic reactions to hymenoptera venom who tolerated the hyposensitization and the sting provocation without problems ( n = 10 ) had angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) , angiotensinogen and renin similar to the values found in healthy nonallergic controls ( n = 11 ) . ^^^ In contrast , patients who repeatedly experienced anaphylactic reactions during hyposensitization and who displayed anaphylactic reactions to sting provocation with a living insect ( n = 6 ) showed significantly lower renin ( p < 0 . 05 ) , angiotensinogen ( p < 0 . 05 ) , ANG 1 ( p < 0 . 05 ) and ANG 2 ( p < 0 . 05 ) plasma levels as compared to healthy nonallergic controls ( n = 11 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These results demonstrate that in vivo application of the Ang 1 significantly modulates not only the activity , but also expression of the Na / Ca exchanger and the L VDCC in rat hearts through angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Thus , the aim of this study was to characterize liposomes filled with angiotensinogen , angiotensine 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiotensine 2 ( Ang 2 ) , and saralasin by a TLC method and examine the physiological effects of these on rat vascular smooth muscle . ^^^ Ang 2 ( for all concentrations tested in the aqueous phase ) and Ang 1 ( for concentrations less than 10 ( 4 ) M ) did not affect the thin layer chromatography migration of this type of vesicle , suggesting that dose dependent effects on physio pharmacological experiments could be studied . ^^^ Administration of liposomes containing Ang 2 ( 10 ( 6 ) M ) , Ang 1 ( 10 ( 6 ) M ) , angiotensinogen ( 10 ( 6 ) M ) and saralasine ( 10 ( 6 ) M ) caused the contraction to isolated rat aorta smooth muscle , suggesting the presence of active intracellular binding sites . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Captopril significantly reduced vasoconstrictor responses to i . a . injections of Ang 1 , whereas vasoconstrictor responses to i . a . injections of Ang 2 were significantly enhanced . ^^^ The present data show that BK has potent vasodilator activity in the hindquarters vascular bed of the rat and suggest that the site of action is most likely upstream from the site of inactivation , whereas the site of action of Ang 1 is at or near the site of conversion to Ang 2 in the hindquarters vascular bed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 1 converting activity was assessed by the quantitation of Ang 2 formed by incubation of the sample with Ang 1 at 37 degrees C for 3 h , using high performance liquid chromatography . ^^^ The enzyme also converted Ang 1 to Ang 2 at an optimal pH of 6 . 5 . ^^^ It is also able to Ang 1 to Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we measure for the first time ANG 1 and ANG 2 levels in the interstitial fluid ( ISF ) space of the heart . ^^^ ANG 1 infusion increased aortic plasma ANG 1 and ANG 2 ( pg / ml ) ( ANG 1 = 101+ / 129 to 370+ / 158 pg / ml , P < 0 . 01 ; and ANG 2 = 22+ / 40 to 466+ / 49 , P < 0 . 01 ) ; addition of cap further increased ANG 1 ( 1 , 790+ / 158 , P < 0 . 01 ) and decreased ANG 2 ( 33+ / 49 , P < 0 . 01 ) . ^^^ ISF ANG 1 and ANG 2 levels ( pg / ml ) were > 100 fold higher than plasma levels , and did not change from baseline ( 8 , 122+ / 528 and 6 , 333+ / 677 ) , during ANG 1 ( 8 , 269+ / 502 and 6 , 139+ / 695 ) or ANG 1 + cap ( 8 , 753+ / 502 and 5 , 884+ / 695 ) . ^^^ The finding of very high ANG 1 and ANG 2 levels in the ISF vs . intravascular space that are not affected by 4 ANG 1 or cap suggests that ANG 2 production and / or degradation in the heart is compartmentalized and mediated by different enzymatic mechanisms in the interstitial and intravascular spaces . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Animals were anesthetized with ketamine pentobarbital , and samples were taken for measurements of plasma renin activity , angiotensin converting enzyme activity , and angiotensin peptides , angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , and angiotensin ( 1 7 ) [ Ang ( 1 7 ) ] . ^^^ CONCLUSION : These studies reveal that , although chronic estrogen replacement activates renin activity and Ang 1 , it causes a shift in the processing of angiotensin peptides such that the concurrent reduction in angiotensin converting enzyme activity leads to unchanged plasma Ang 2 levels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ANG 2 is formed from ANG 1 by angiotensin 1 converting enzyme ( ACE ) . ^^^ ANG 2 and ANG 1 produce contractions in vascular smooth muscles . ^^^ RESULTS : ANG 2 and ANG 1 , precursor of ANG 2 , contracted corpus cavernosum smooth muscle dose dependently , but the response of smooth muscle to ANG 1 was 10 fold less than that to ANG 2 . ^^^ Contractile responses of smooth muscle to ANG 2 and ANG 1 were blocked by Dup 753 , a specific inhibitor of ANG 2 type 1 receptor , but not by PD 123 , 319 , a specific inhibitor of ANG 2 type 2 receptor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| An Ang 1 relative , termed angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , was identified by homology screening and shown to be a naturally occurring antagonist for Ang 1 and Tie 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Baseline biochemical , hormonal ( ACE , Ang 1 , Ang 2 ) , isotopic renal function ( GFR , ERPF , ECFV ) , pretreatment diuretic dose and heart failure scores were similar between groups . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Renin activity ( RA ) , angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) activity and levels of angiotensin 1 ( ang 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( ang 2 ) in the plasma , renal cortex and renal medulla were assessed at Day 1 and Day 14 of the treatment . ^^^ In the kidney , ang 2 levels decreased one and four hours after the acute or prolonged ramipril treatment and the ang II / ang 1 ratio was reduced at the same time . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Injection ( 1 nmol / kg body wt ) of either ANG 2 FITC , [ Asn 1 , Val 5 , Asn 9 ] ANG 1 , [ Asp 1 , Ile 5 , His 9 ] ANG 1 , [ Asn 1 , Val 5 ] ANG 2 , [ Asp 1 , Val 5 ] ANG 2 , or [ Asp 1 , Ile 5 ] ANG 2 elicited catecholamine release from in situ perfusion preparations of the head kidney . ^^^ Relative to the results obtained with the [ Asn 1 , Val 5 ] ANG 2 treatment ( 1 nmol / kg body wt ) , Epi release was 72 and 82 % lower in response to injections ( 1 nmol / kg body wt ) of [ Asn 1 , Val 5 ] ANG 1 [ amino acid ( AA ) positions 1 7 ] and [ Asn 1 , Val 5 ] ANG 1 ( AA 1 6 ) , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The enzyme rapidly converted Ang 1 to Ang 2 ( Km = 98 microM , k ( cat ) = 6203 / min ) but did not degrade several peptide hormones such as Ang 2 , substance P , vasoactive intestinal peptide and bradykinin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present study was performed to assess the plasma and kidney levels of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) and ANG 2 during prehypertensive ( 4 to 5 wk old ) , development ( 6 to 8 wk old ) , and maintenance ( 10 to 12 wk old ) phases of hypertension in pentobarbital anesthetized transgenic rats [ TGR ; strain name : TGR ( mRen 2 ) 27 ] and age matched transgene negative Hannover Sprague Dawley rats ( HanSD ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 2 content in pouch tissue was measured by radioimmunoassay following HPLC separation while its capacity to generate Ang 2 was assessed in tissue bath , with and without exogenous Ang 1 or lisinopril , an ACE inhibitor . ^^^ In pouch tissue , we found : ( 1 ) myoFb at day 4 which became more extensive at days 7 , 14 and 21 ; ( 2 ) morphologic evidence of collagen deposition evident at day 4 , which gradually became more extensive thereafter ; ( 3 ) ACE and Ang 2 receptor binding was evident at day 4 and remained invariant on days 7 , 14 and 21 ; ( 4 ) the predominant Ang 2 receptor subtype expressed was AT 1 ; ( 5 ) myoFb express ACE and AT 1 receptors ; ( 6 ) picogram quantities of Ang 2 ( per g tissue ) was evident on days 7 , 14 and 21 ; and ( 7 ) Ang 2 was generated from Ang 1 substrate . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated the angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) generating system by analyzing the vasoconstrictor effect of Ang 2 , angiotensin J ( Ang 1 ) , and tetradecapeptide ( TDP ) renin substrate in the absence and presence of inhibitors of the renin angiotensin system in isolated rat aortic rings and mesenteric arterial beds with and without functional endothelium . ^^^ Ang 2 , Ang 1 , and TDP elicited a dose dependent vasoconstrictor effect in both vascular preparations that was completely blocked by the Ang 2 receptor antagonist saralasin ( 50 nM ) . ^^^ The angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor captopril ( 36 microM ) completely inhibited the vasoconstrictor effect elicited by Ang 1 and TDP in aortic rings without affecting that of Ang 2 . ^^^ In contrast , captopril ( 36 microM ) significantly reduced ( 80 90 % ) the response to bolus injection of Ang 1 , without affecting those to Ang 2 and TDP in mesenteric arteries . ^^^ Mechanical removal of the endothelium greatly potentiated ( 70 95 % ) the vasoconstrictor response to Ang 2 , Ang 1 , and TDP in aortic rings while these responses were unaffected by the removal of the endothelium of mesenteric arteries with sodium deoxycholate infusion . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Alternative Ang 2 forming pathways , independent of Ang 1 converting enzyme ( ACE ) , have been reported . ^^^ Among them , biochemical analysis revealed that chymase is a highly efficient Ang 2 forming enzyme with a high substrate specificity against Ang 1 and is rich in various human tissues . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The precise locations for 19 genes and three ESTs within this contig have been determined , and three gene clusters consisting of a centromeric group ( VRF , FKBP 2 , PNG , and PLCB 3 ) , a middle group ( PYGM , ZFM 1 , SCG 1 , SCG 2 ( which proved to be the MEN 1 gene ) , and PPP2R5B ) , and a telomeric group ( H4B , ANG 3 , ANG 2 , ANG 1 , FON , FAU , NOF , NON , and D11S2196E ) were observed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Computer simulations with a simple version of the renin angiotensin system predict that changes in Agt function alter the steady state levels of both angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) . ^^^ In contrast , modest changes in Ace function alter Ang 1 levels considerably but scarcely affect Ang 2 levels . ^^^ Simulations over the ranges of ACE levels that can be achieved with ACE inhibitors predict that Ang 2 levels will decrease only when Ang 1 levels have plateaued . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| When activating the renin activity by keeping upright in posture for 60 min , ANG 2 and the four peptides significantly increased as compared with the levels in the supine posture , except for ANG 1 . ^^^ As a result of in vitro degradation tests on ANGs , ANG ( 3 4 ) was produced from ANG 1 , and not from ANG 2 , 3 or ( 3 8 ) , during the 30 min incubation . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We used a synthetic peptide , [ Pro 11 , D Ala 12 ] Ang 1 ( S ) , which yields Ang 2 by chymase , but not by ACE . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Hormonal effects of ACE , ACE inhibitors , synthetic bullfrog angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , and [ Val 5 ] ANG 2 were compared on frog ovaries of postreproductive and prereproductive periods . ^^^ Frog ovary tissue in postreproductive and prereproductive periods was incubated in vitro in the presence of ACE ( 2 . 5 mU / ml ) , captopril ( 0 . 1 mM ) , lisinopril ( 0 . 1 mM ) , [ Val 5 ] ANG 2 ( 1 microM ) , and synthetic bullfrog ANG 1 ( 1 microM ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| While human chymase ( HC ) hydrolyses the Phe 8 His9 bond of ANG 1 to ANG 2 , rat chymase ( RMCP 1 ) degrades the Tyr 4 Ile5 bond of ANG 1 to the inactive fragments . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Intrarenal ANG 2 is formed from systemically delivered ANG 1 and from intrarenally formed ANG 1 derived from systemically delivered angiotensinogen as well as locally synthesized angiotensionogen . ^^^ Proximal tubule concentrations of ANG 2 as well as ANG 1 and angiotensinogen support the concept that the proximal tubule cells secrete ANG 2 or precursors of ANG 2 into the tubular fluid . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin ( Ang ) ( 1 7 ) is a bioactive component of the renin angiotensin system that is formed endogenously from either Ang 1 or Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang I / Ang 2 ratios indicated the expected sharp drop in Ang 1 conversion after ramipril in plasma and tissue . ^^^ RIP did not influence conversion rate in plasma but was associated with an unanticipated fall in Ang 1 conversion in renal tissue , perhaps reflecting local aspartyl protease inhibition , which contributes to normal Ang 2 formation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We also investigated cardiac Ang 1 conversion , including the contribution of non angiotensin converting enzyme dependent Ang 2 generating pathways . ^^^ Renin and Ang 1 infusion both generated Ang 2 . ^^^ In contrast , after Ang 1 infusion , Ang 2 release and coronary flow returned to basal levels . ^^^ Remikiren added to the renin infusion abolished Ang 1 and 2 ; captopril suppressed only Ang 2 , whereas an AT 1 receptor blocker did not affect Ang 1 and 2 formation . ^^^ Furthermore , the comparison of in vivo and in vitro Ang 1 conversion suggests that in vitro assays may underestimate the functional contribution of angiotensin converting enzyme to intracardiac Ang 2 formation . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Gender affects renal vasoconstrictor response to Ang 1 and Ang 2 . ^^^ Ang 1 and Ang 2 were infused in graded doses into 9 men and 8 women in a randomized , single blind , crossover study . ^^^ Although pressor responses to Ang 1 and Ang 2 were similar in men and women , there was a negative relationship between the change in mean arterial pressure and the change in heart rate during Ang 1 and 2 infusion in women only . ^^^ The half time of the pressor response after discontinuation of Ang 1 but not Ang 2 infusion was greater in men than in women ( 9 . 5+ / 2 . 2 versus 4 . 3+ / 2 . 1 minutes , P < . 05 ) . ^^^ This difference in duration did not result from gender differences in the metabolism of Ang 1 because Ang 2 levels measured during Ang 1 infusion were identical in men and women . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In 28 normotensive healthy control subjects , the metabolism of angiotensins through vascular tissue was investigated in normal , low , and high sodium diets by the measurement of arterial venous gradient of endogenous angiotensin ( Ang ) 1 and Ang 2 in two different vascular beds ( forearm and leg ) , combined with the study of 125I Ang 1 and 125I Ang 2 kinetics . ^^^ In normal sodium diet subjects , forearm vascular tissue extracted 36+ / 6 % of 125I Ang 1 and 30+ / 5 % of 125I Ang 2 and added 14 . 9+ / 5 . 1 fmol 10 100 mL ( 1 ) 10 min ( 1 ) of de novo formed Ang 1 and 6 . 2+ / 2 . 8 fmol 10 100 mL ( 1 ) 10 min ( 1 ) of Ang 2 to antecubital venous blood . ^^^ Low sodium diet increased ( P < . 01 ) plasma renin activity , whereas de novo Ang 1 and Ang 2 formation by forearm vascular tissue became undetectable . ^^^ Angiotensin degradation ( 33+ / 7 % for Ang 1 and 30+ / 7 % for Ang 2 ) was unchanged , and vascular fractional conversion of 125I Ang 1 decreased from 12 % to 6 % ( P < . 01 ) . ^^^ In high sodium diet subjects , plasma renin activity decreased , and de novo Ang 1 and Ang 2 formation by forearm vascular tissue increased to 22 and 14 fmol 10 100 mL ( 1 ) 10 min ( 1 ) , respectively ( P < . 01 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated the effects of angiotensinogen ( Ang ) , angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , and angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) on the fluidity of phosphatidylcholine vesicles . ^^^ When placed outside the vesicles , Ang 2 increased bilayer rigidity ( decreased fluidity ) , whereas Ang and Ang 1 produced no effect . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We found that conversion of endogenous ANG 1 to ANG 2 made a significant contribution to mean arterial pressure in undisturbed animals . ^^^ Blockade of the conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 significantly delayed the recovery of mean arterial pressure after sodium nitroprusside induced hypotension . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS AND RESULTS : To determine whether cardiac Ang 1 and Ang 2 are produced in situ or derived from the circulation , we infused 125I labeled Ang 1 or 2 into pigs ( 25 to 30 kg ) and measured 125I Ang 1 and 2 as well as endogenous Ang 1 and 2 in cardiac tissue and blood plasma . ^^^ In untreated pigs , the tissue Ang 2 concentration ( per gram wet weight ) in different parts of the heart was 5 times the concentration ( per milliliter ) in plasma , and the tissue Ang 1 concentration was 75 % of the plasma Ang 1 concentration . ^^^ Tissue 125I Ang 2 during 125I Ang 2 infusion was 75 % of 125I Ang 2 in arterial plasma , whereas tissue 125I Ang 1 during 125I Ang 1 infusion was < 4 % of 125I Ang 1 in arterial plasma . ^^^ After treatment with the ACE inhibitor captopril ( 25 mg twice daily ) , Ang 2 fell in plasma but not in tissue , and Ang 1 and renin rose both in plasma and tissue , whereas angiotensinogen did not change in plasma and fell in tissue . ^^^ Tissue 125I Ang 2 derived by conversion from arterially delivered 125I Ang 1 fell from 23 % to < 2 % of 125I Ang 1 in arterial plasma . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors ( ACEI ) blunt , but do not entirely prevent , increased U ( alb ) 5 at doses that reduce blood pressure and entirely block the pressor effect of exogenously administered angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , suggesting that angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) might not mediate the effect of DPA on U ( alb ) 5 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The bowfin ANG 1 and 2 were no more vasopressor than eel peptides in the bowfin , indicating that bowfin ANG 2 receptors do not distinguish between [ Asp 1 ] and [ Asn 1 ] peptides . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| During perfusion with Ang 1 ( n=5 ) , Ang 2 in interstitial transudate was 5 . 1+ / 0 . 6 % of arterial Ang 1 compared with 2 . 2+ / 0 . 3 % in coronary effluent ( P < . 05 ) . ^^^ Addition of losartan ( 10 ( 6 ) mol / L ) to the renin / angiotensinogen perfusion ( n=3 ) had no significant effect on the tissue level of Ang 2 , whereas losartan in the perfusions with Ang 1 ( n=5 ) or Ang 2 ( n=5 ) decreased tissue Ang 2 to undetectably low levels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Val 4 ANG 3 ( 1 or 5 nmol . kg 1 ) and ANG 1 ( 1 7 ) ( 20 nmol . kg 1 ) had no effect on NFS . [ Sar 1 , Ile 8 ] ANG 2 ( SARILE ) acted as an ANG 2 receptor agonist and resulted in a prolonged and complete inhibition of NFS . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ACE inhibitors diminish transformation of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) into angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and prevent degradation of bradykinin [ which stimulates nitric oxide ( NO ) and prostacyclin formation ] . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) was found to disrupt blood vessel formation in the developing embryo by antagonizing the effects of Ang 1 and Tie 2 and was thus considered to represent a natural Ang1 / Tie2 inhibitor . ^^^ Angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) was found to disrupt blood vessel formation in the developing embryo by antagonizing the effects of Ang 1 and Tie 2 and was thus considered to represent a natural Ang1 / Tie2 inhibitor . ^^^ Neither Ang 1 nor Ang 2 alone promoted neovascularization . ^^^ Excess soluble Tie 2 receptor ( sTie 2 Fc ) precluded modulation of VEGF induced neovascularization by both Ang 2 and Ang 1 . ^^^ Moreover , these findings provide in vivo evidence that Ang 1 promotes vascular network maturation , whereas Ang 2 works to initiate neovascularization . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| During Ang 1 infusion , plasma Ang 2 concentrations were increased in DD compared with 2 subjects ( F =4 . 4 ; p=0 . 052 ) . ^^^ Moreover , there were significant inverse relations between the half life of bradykinin and serum ACE activity ( p < 0 . 001 ) and between the half life of bradykinin and the conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 ( p=0 . 026 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In light of the data from in vitro systems , our findings indicate that in the intact human kidney , virtually all Ang 2 generation is renin dependent but at least 40 % of Ang 1 is converted to Ang 2 by pathways other than ACE , presumably a chymase , although other enzyme pathways exist . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We determined the functional conversion of ANG 1 and [ Pro 11 , D Ala 12 ] ANG 1 , a chymase selective substrate , to ANG 2 in the hamster cardiovascular system . ^^^ Captopril and CV 11974 , an ANG 2 type 1 ( AT 1 ) receptor antagonist , inhibited the responses to ANG 1 ; in contrast , the pressor responses to [ Pro 11 , D Ala 12 ] ANG 1 were suppressed only by CV 11974 . ^^^ These data suggest that [ Pro 11 , D Ala 12 ] ANG 1 and part of ANG 1 were functionally converted to ANG 2 by chymase and other serine protease ( s ) in hamster vessels , inducing AT 1 receptor mediated vasoconstriction . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| When Ang 1 was used as the substrate , the enzyme specifically released Ang 2 and the dipeptide His Leu ( Km=36 microM ; Kcat=1530 min 1 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) is a ligand for the endothelial cell tyrosine kinase receptor Tie 2 and counteracts blood vessel maturation / stability mediated by angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , the other known ligand of Tie 2 . ^^^ Angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) is a ligand for the endothelial cell tyrosine kinase receptor Tie 2 and counteracts blood vessel maturation / stability mediated by angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , the other known ligand of Tie 2 . ^^^ Using degenerate oligonucleotides and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction , we have screened bovine microvascular endothelial ( BME ) , aortic , lymphatic , pulmonary artery , and transformed fetal aortic endothelial cells , as well as rat smooth muscle cells for Ang 1 and Ang 2 expression . ^^^ Except for high Ang 2 mRNA levels found in BME cells , none of the endothelial cell types studied expressed appreciable levels of Ang 1 or Ang 2 mRNAs , whereas smooth muscle cells expressed both Ang 1 and Ang 2 . ^^^ BME cell Ang 2 mRNA levels were increased by vascular endothelial growth factor ( 1 . 9 to 2 . 9 fold ) , basic fibroblast growth factor ( 1 . 6 to 2 fold ) , both cytokines in combination ( 2 . 9 to 4 fold ) , and hypoxia ( 3 . 1 to 5 . 6 fold ) and were decreased by Ang 1 ( 31 % to 70 % ) or transforming growth factor ss 1 ( 64 % to 81 % ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Twenty one days after surgery , steady state arterial [ 125I ] Ang 1 and [ 125I ] Ang 2 blood concentrations were measured after high performance liquid chromatography separation during i . v . infusion of [ 125I ] Ang 1 in three groups of male Wistar conscious rats : ( a ) sham operated rats receiving saline ( sham group , n = 6 ) ; ( b ) rats after coronary microembolization receiving saline ( saline group , n = 7 ) ; and ( c ) rats after coronary microembolization receiving perindopril ( 2 mg / kg / day ; from days 2 20 after embolization ; perindopril group , n = 6 ) . ^^^ Ang 1 clearance and the Ang 1 to Ang 2 concentration ratio ( R ) were estimated . ^^^ The embolization per se resulted in focal fibrosis , appearance of hypertrophic and dystrophic cardiac myocytes , and was accompanied by increased Ang 1 clearance ( 1 , 479 vs . 314 ml / min in sham group ) , 1 . 8 fold decreased [ 125I ] Ang 2 arterial level , and decreased R ( 0 . 5 vs . 1 . 2 in sham group ; p < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ Captopril bolus ( 1 mg / kg , i . v . ) caused similar reduction in [ 125I ] Ang 2 blood concentration in both sham and saline groups , but a significant increase of [ 125I ] Ang 1 blood concentration was detected in the sham group only . ^^^ It was accompanied by normalized arterial [ 125I ] Ang 1 concentration , Ang 1 clearance , and R ; [ 125I ] Ang 2 concentration tended to that in sham group . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| HPLC analysis of the incubation product of Ang 1 with vascular tissues revealed that Ang 2 was yet formed despite complete ACE inhibition , and the ACE inhibitor insensitive Ang 2 formation was blocked by chymostatin . ^^^ Another notable discovery by us is the species difference in chymase processing of Ang 1 : chymases of primates , dog , and hamster convert Ang 1 to Ang 2 , while chymases of rat , rabbit , and probably mouse do not . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) have recently been identified as ligands for the endothelial cell specific Tie 2 receptor . ^^^ Accordingly , we tested the hypothesis that gene transfer of plasmid DNA encoding Ang 1 and Ang 2 could modulate collateral vessel development in a rabbit model of hindlimb ischemia . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Ang 1 but not Ang 2 gene transfer produces anatomic and physiological evidence of enhanced collateral vessel formation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ecadotril produced diuresis , natriuresis , increased urine cyclic guanosine monophosphate and BK ( 1 9 ) levels , increased Ang 2 and Ang 1 levels in plasma , and increased Ang 1 levels in heart . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Whereas Ang 1 mRNA was expressed in tumor cells , Ang 2 mRNA was detected in endothelial cells of a subset of glioblastoma blood vessels . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| PURPOSE : To investigate whether diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) is associated with abnormalities in : ( 1 ) aqueous humour Angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and Angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) levels ; and ( 2 ) plasma Ang 1 , soluble P selectin , lipoprotein ( a ) ( Lp ( a ) ) , endothelial markers and haemorheological abnormalities . ^^^ There were no differences in mean aqueous Ang 1 and Ang 2 levels in diabetics with or without proliferative DR compared with controls . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Ang 1 and Ang 2 do not significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of DR . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The potentiated response was specific for BK , since Ang ( 1 7 ) did not augment the vasodilation produced by either acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside ; further , it was specific for Ang ( 1 7 ) , since neither Ang 1 nor Ang 2 augmented the BK response . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| With this model , we were able to show that renin acts at the site of the vascular wall , rather than in the lumen , to generate ANG 1 , which is subsequently converted to ANG 2 . ^^^ Locally formed ANG 1 was converted to ANG 2 more effectively than infused ANG 1 . ^^^ We did additional studies to examine the conversion step from ANG 1 to ANG 2 in the vessel wall . ^^^ We perfused hindlimbs from Sprague Dawley rats with ANG 1 and observed ANG 2 production , which was linear over a 10 , 000 fold concentration range of ANG 1 . ^^^ Taken together , these results demonstrate ( 1 ) the cleavage of local angiotensinogen to ANG 1 within the vascular wall by renin , ( 2 ) renin uptake from the circulation to evoke that local effect , and ( 3 ) a potential regulatory effect by vascular tissue ACE on ANG 2 production in the vessel wall . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| As the most pleiotropic metabolite of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) it manifest actions which are most often the opposite of those described for angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) . ^^^ Ang ( 1 7 ) is produced from Ang 1 bypassing the prerequisite formation of Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , Ang 2 , Ang ( 1 7 ) , and metabolites in the adrenal , kidney and heart of normotensive female Sprague Dawley ( SD ) and transgenic hypertensive [ TGR ( mRen 2 ) 27 ] rats carrying the murine Ren 2d renin gene . ^^^ The monogenetic model of hypertensive rats had significant increases in adrenal Ang 2 ; whereas in the kidney Ang 2 was unchanged , but Ang 1 and Ang ( 1 7 ) were significantly lower . ^^^ Cardiac Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Ang ( 2 10 ) were significantly reduced in transgenic rats , while Ang ( 2 7 ) was increased . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To characterize molecular and cellular systems that may play a role in regulating blood vessel maturation , we have ( a ) analyzed the spatiotemporal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors VEGF R 1 ( Flt 1 ) and VEGF R 2 ( Flk 1 ) throughout the ovarian cycle , ( b ) examined the recruitment of pericytes during vessel maturation , and ( c ) quantitatively measured the ratio of angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) to angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) throughout the ovarian cycle . ^^^ Lastly , an RT PCR analysis of Ang 1 and Ang 2 expression revealed that both molecules are expressed throughout the ovarian cycle . ^^^ The quantitative Ang 2 / Ang 1 ratio does , however , change from 1 . 34 in the angiogenic CL and 1 . 07 in the midstage CL to 7 . 59 during CL regression , reflecting the strong overexpression of Ang 2 over Ang 1 during blood vessel regression . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : One day after induction of Thy 1 . 1 glomerulonephritis , rats were treated with increasing doses of the Ang 1 converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor enalapril and / or the Ang 2 receptor blocker losartan in the drinking water . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Administration of dogfish angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) ( [ Asn 1 , Pro 3 , Ile 5 , Gln 9 ] ANG 1 ) resulted in a contraction similar to that produced by ANG 2 and the effect could be blocked with 10 ( 7 ) M captopril . ^^^ The mammalian ANG 2 receptor antagonists [ Sar 1 , Ile 8 ] ANG 2 and [ Sar 1 , Ala 8 ] ANG 2 caused dose dependent contractions of coeliac artery rings , but were less potent than homologous ANG 1 and ANG 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang ( 1 7 ) can be converted directly from Ang 1 bypassing prerequisite formation of Ang 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both ACE inhibitors decreased plasma ANG 2 associated with large increases in plasma ANG 1 . ^^^ They also inhibited the increases in LV ANG 2 in both the infarct and infarct free LV at 1 and 3 days post MI with however no significant increase in LV ANG 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma renin activity was markedly suppressed in the Ang 2 infused rats compared with vehicle infused rats ( 0 . 1+ / 0 . 01 versus 4 . 9+ / 0 . 9 ng of Ang 1 . mL 1 . h 1 ; P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Of the active fragments studied to date , Ang ( l 7 ) is the most pleiotropic of the Ang 1 metabolities because it exerts effects that may be identical or opposite to those of Ang 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| When responses were compared , Ang 4 , LeuAng 4 , and Ang 1 ( 3 10 ) were equipotent and were approximately 100 to 300 fold less potent than Ang 2 when dosages are expressed on a nanomolar basis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Human , primate , and dog chymase generate angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) from Ang 1 , while mouse and rat chymases degrade Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Contraction induced by extracellular application of Ang 2 and of Ang 1 was abolished by extracellular pre treatment with saralasin or CV 11947 ( P < 0 . 05 ) , but not with PD 123319 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Urinary excretion rates of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , and angiotensin ( 1 7 ) [ Ang ( 1 7 ) ] were determined in normotensive Sprague Dawley ( SD ) , spontaneously hypertensive ( SHR ) , and mRen 2 transgenic hypertensive animals before and following blockade of Ang 2 synthesis or activity for two weeks . ^^^ In SD rats , lisinopril or lisinopril and losartan produced a sustained rise in urinary levels of Ang ( 1 7 ) without changes in the excretion of Ang 1 and Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : We have previously demonstrated that angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) levels in the interstitial fluid ( ISF ) space of the heart are higher than in the blood plasma and do not change after systemic infusion of Ang 1 . ^^^ ISF infusion of Ang 1 increased ISF Ang 2 levels 100 fold ( P < 0 . 01 ) , whereas aortic and coronary sinus plasma Ang 1 and 2 levels were unaffected and were 100 fold lower than ISF levels . ^^^ Compared with ISF infusion of Ang 1 alone , Ang I+cap ( n=4 ) produced a greater reduction in ISF Ang 2 levels than did Ang I+chy ( n=4 ) ( 71 % versus 43 % , P < 0 . 01 ) , whereas Ang I+cap+chy produced a 100 % decrease in ISF Ang 2 levels . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : This study demonstrates for the first time a very high capacity for conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 mediated by both ACE and chymase in the ISF space of the dog heart in vivo . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| PURPOSE : The purpose of this study was to analyze the formation of blood vessels in the developing mouse pancreas and lung by studying two ligands , angiopoietin 1 ( ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( ang 2 ) , which are thought to play a role as angiogenesis activating factors in development . ^^^ RT PCR data demonstrated expression of ang 1 and ang 2 in the developing mouse lung between gestational day E9 . 5 and postnatal day 1 , and in the developing pancreas between gestational days E12 . 5 and E18 . 5 . ^^^ CONCLUSION : The authors have demonstrated that ang 1 and ang 2 may be involved in the mechanisms of vascular development in the embryonic mouse lung and pancreas . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We studied the effects of ACE and chymase inhibitors on the contractile response to angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) in human resistance arteries to investigate ACE independent generation of Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In isolated human arteries , chymase predominantly converted Ang 1 to AngII rather than ACE . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using extracellular electrophysiological recording in an in vitro slice preparation , we investigated whether ANG 1 can be locally converted to the functionally active ANG 2 within the rat subfornical organ ( SFO ) . ^^^ ANG 1 and ANG 2 ( 10 ( 8 ) 10 ( 7 ) M ) excited approximately 75 % of all neurons tested with both peptides ( n = 25 ) ; the remainder were insensitive . ^^^ The increase in firing rate and the duration and the latency of the responses of identical neurons , superfused with equimolar concentrations of ANG 1 and ANG 2 , were not different . ^^^ The threshold concentrations of the ANG 1 and ANG 2 induced excitations were both 10 ( 9 ) M . ^^^ The AT 1 receptor antagonist losartan ( 10 ( 5 ) M ; n = 6 ) abolished the excitation caused by ANG 1 and ANG 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In Con , PRA decreased from 4 . 2 + / 0 . 7 to 2 . 5 + / 0 . 5 ng ANG 1 . ml 1 . h 1 , and plasma ANG 2 decreased from 11 . 9 + / 3 . 0 to 8 . 2 + / 2 . 1 pg / ml . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The complex process of angiogenesis is controlled by the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors and by the recently isolated angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) that signal through the transmembrane endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase Tie 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Good agreement of the range of ANG 2 plasma level between the present ( 25 47 fmol / ml in plasma ) and the radioimmunoassay methods ( 28 52 fmol / ml in plasma ) indicated that the column switching method could be applicable for the determination of endogenous smaller ANGs as well as for ANG 1 or 2 in plasma . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Light microscopic immunohistochemistry was performed to detect cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , Ang 1 , and Ang 2 and cellular components such as retinal pigment epithelial ( RPE ) cells , macrophages , and endothelial cells . ^^^ RESULTS : Ang 1 and Ang 2 were positive in all surgically excised CNVMs , regardless of the primary disease . ^^^ Double staining revealed that many of the cytokeratin , CD 68 and factor 8 positive cells also had Ang 1 and Ang 2 immunoreactivities . ^^^ In contrast to Ang 1 , Ang 2 immunoreactivity tends to be higher in the highly vascularized regions of many CNVMs , and the localization was very similar to that of VEGF staining . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The decrease in perfusion pressure observed with bradykinin was potentiated by ANG 1 but not by ANG 2 . ^^^ The potentiation of the bradykinin response in the presence of ANG 1 may serve to buffer the vasoconstriction produced by ANG 2 in the fetoplacental circulation . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The aim of the present study was to quantify with a uniform technique the rates of conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 in the lung and kidney and the degradation of both peptides to biologically inactive products in the pulmonary , renal , and systemic circulation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and its naturally occurring antagonist angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) are novel ligands that regulate tyrosine phosphorylation of the Tie2 / Tek receptor on endothelial cells . ^^^ We investigated the expression of Ang 1 and Ang 2 in human astrocytomas by in situ hybridization and compared them to the distribution of pericytes / smooth muscle cells by immunohistochemistry for alpha smooth muscle actin ( SMA ) . ^^^ Ang 1 mRNA was localized in tumor cells and Ang 2 mRNA was detected in endothelial cells of hyperplastic and nonhyperplastic tumor vessels . ^^^ Neither Ang 1 nor Ang 2 was detected in normal brain . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the present study , we tested for endosomal ANG 1 , ANG 2 , angiotensin type 1A receptor ( AT ( 1A ) ) , and angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) activity and determined whether these levels are regulated by salt intake . ^^^ Kidney ANG 1 averaged 179 + / 20 fmol / g and ANG 2 averaged 258 + / 36 fmol / g in rats fed a high sodium diet and were significantly higher , averaging 347 + / 58 fmol / g and 386 + / 55 fmol / g , respectively , in rats fed a low salt diet . ^^^ Renal intermicrovillar clefts and endosomes contained ANG 1 and ANG 2 . ^^^ Intermicrovillar cleft ANG 1 and ANG 2 levels averaged 8 . 4 + / 2 . 6 and 74 + / 26 fmol / mg , respectively , in rats fed a high salt diet and 7 . 6 + / 1 . 7 and 70 + / 25 fmol / mg in rats fed a low salt diet . ^^^ Endosomal ANG 1 and ANG 2 levels averaged 12 . 3 + / 4 . 4 and 43 + / 19 fmol / mg , respectively , in rats fed a high salt diet , and these levels were similar to those observed in rats fed a low salt diet . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The Tie 2 receptor tyrosine kinase transduces embryonic endothelial differentiation , with Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) acting as a stimulatory ligand and Ang 2 postulated to be a naturally occurring inhibitor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) converts angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and metabolizes bradykinin and kallidin peptides . ^^^ ACE inhibition reduced Ang 2 levels , which was associated with an 80 % reduction in the Ang II / Ang 1 ratio . ^^^ The 80 % reduction in the Ang II / Ang 1 ratio by ACE inhibition indicated a primary role for ACE in the conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 in atrial tissue . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The availability of selective , potent , orally active and long acting nonpeptide Ang 2 type 1 ( AT 1 ) receptor antagonists provided the opportunity to obtain the benefits of selectively blocking the RAAS at the level of the AT 1 receptor that mediates most , if not all , of the important actions of Ang 2 , and avoid the nonspecificity of the Ang 1 converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Hormonal effects of ACE , ACE inhibitors , synthetic bullfrog ANG 1 , and [ Val ( 5 ) ] ANG 2 were determined in frog testis of prereproductive period . ^^^ Production of 17beta estradiol , progesterone , androgens , and PGE ( 2 ) and PGF ( 2alpha ) was determined by incubating frog testes with ACE ( 2 . 5 mU / ml ) , captopril ( 0 . 1 mM ) , lisinopril ( 0 . 1 mM ) , [ Val ( 5 ) ] ANG 2 ( 1 microM ) , and synthetic bullfrog ANG 1 ( 1 microM ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| There were no differences in supine plasma levels of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Ang ( 5 8 ) between the NT and HT groups : Ang 1 , 304 + / 43 fmol / ml vs . 293 + / 15 fmol / ml ; Ang 2 , 32 + / 6 fmol / ml vs . 43 + / 10 fmol / ml ; Ang ( 5 8 ) , 176 + / 22 fmol / ml vs . 133 + / 32 fmol / ml . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present experiments explored the possibility that under conditions of marked elevations of blood borne ANG 1 , the generation of ANG 2 takes place within brain associated target tissues , most notably circumventricular organs ( CVOs ) that lack a blood brain barrier . ^^^ This result indicates that under physiological / pathophysiological conditions associated with large elevations of circulating ANG 1 , an important part of the biological responses derived from blood borne ANG may result from local conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 within specific brain target tissues which have high concentrations of converting enzyme . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| While either Ang 1 or Ang 2 alone had hematopoietic effects on unseparated bone marrow cells and no effect on proliferation of endothelial cells , both enhanced the growth of endothelial cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells in the presence of VEGF . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Prorenin , renin and angiotensinogen were measured by enzyme kinetic assay ; Ang 1 and Ang 2 were measured by radioimmunoassay after SepPak extraction and HPLC separation . ^^^ When incubated with Ang 1 , both myocytes and fibroblasts generated Ang 2 in a captopril inhibitable manner . ^^^ Myocyte and fibroblast cell lysates did not contain prorenin , renin , angiotensinogen , Ang 1 or Ang 2 in detectable quantities . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Lowering RPP increased the renal venous / arterial ratio from 1 . 4+ / 0 . 1 to 3 . 6+ / 0 . 3 for plasma renin activity and from 2 . 4+ / 0 . 2 to 9 . 8+ / 1 . 1 for Ang 1 , but did not change the venous / arterial ratio for Ang 2 . ^^^ The net renal venous conversion rate of Ang 1 to Ang 2 decreased from 0 . 22 to 0 . 09 after RPP was lowered , whereas the conversion rate in arterial blood was 1 . 35 and did not decrease significantly . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Pulmonary inactivation of BK ( % ) was determined by comparing equipotent doses of BK injected by the intravenous and intraaortic routes , and Ang 1 conversion ( % ) by comparing the pressor effect of Ang 1 and Ang 2 injected intravenously . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although there are theories postulating why blocking the harmful effects of Ang 2 at this receptor would be more effective than inhibiting ACE mediated conversion from inactive Ang 1 to Ang 2 , extrapolation to the clinical setting remains highly speculative . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| On the other hand , rat chymase could not convert ANG 1 to ANG 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Experiments were designed firstly to detect expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) in granulosa cells and secondly , to determine whether gonadotrophins and / or steroids regulate their expression during the peri ovulatory interval . ^^^ VEGF , Ang 1 and Ang 2 mRNA were all detected prior to the ovulatory stimulus . ^^^ Ang 1 mRNA decreased from 0 to 12 h ( P < 0 . 05 ) , followed by a 30 fold increase ( P < 0 . 05 ) at 36 h , while Ang 2 mRNA values were unchanged between 0 , 12 and 36 h . ^^^ Steroid ablation decreased ( P < 0 . 05 ) Ang 1 mRNA at 36 h , and Ang 2 mRNA at 12 h , while only Ang 1 was restored by progestin replacement . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Not only angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) but also other angiotensin metabolites such as angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiotensin 3 ( Ang 3 ) , angiotensin 4 , or angiotensin 1 7 have recently been reported to have various activities . ^^^ Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Ang 3 made TF and PAI 1 mRNA inductions which were inhibited by an selective antagonist of angiotensin 2 type 1 receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The aims of this study were to investigate 1 ) the endothelial cell capacity to convert Ang 1 to Ang 2 , 2 ) the effects of endocrine and paracrine / autocrine factors on Ang 2 production in microvascular endothelial cells ( MVE ) derived from the developing corpora lutea ( CL ) , and 3 ) the relationship between Ang 2 peptide concentration and expression of mRNA for angiotensin type 1 and 2 receptors ( ATR 1 and AT2R ) in the bovine CL at different stages of the estrous cycle . ^^^ When Ang 1 was added to the MVE at a concentration of 10 ( 9 ) M , it was converted to Ang 2 ( 21 % ) . ^^^ The production of Ang 2 from Ang 1 time dependently rose for 24 h . ^^^ Results demonstrated that Ang 2 is generated from Ang 1 in MVE isolated from the developing bovine CL , indicating that MVE have ACE activity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Exogenous administration of angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) or angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) directly into the sponges enhanced angiogenesis , as determined from the hemoglobin contents in the sponge granuloma tissues . ^^^ Chymostatin , an inhibitor of chymase , inhibited angiogenesis induced by Ang 1 but not by Ang 2 , suggesting the presence of a chymase like Ang 2 generating activity in the sponge granuloma . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ACE catalyzes the conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 , which in turn stimulates the production of PAI 1 , sensitizes platelets , promotes the production of superoxide radicals that scavenge free NO , and induces the expression of tissue factor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The conversion of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) may prove to be the most important aspect of species variation . ^^^ Specifically , chymase , the most important enzyme responsible for non ACE conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 , shows striking species variation . ^^^ In humans and a number of species , including the hamster , quantitatively important chymase independent Ang 2 formation from Ang 1 occurs in the heart , arteries , and kidney . ^^^ In rats and rabbits , on the other hand , chymase differs , is not active in the conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 , and indeed is involved in Ang 2 degradation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 1 metabolism in the collected perfusate revealed the formation of Ang ( 1 7 ) that was sensitive only to thimet oligopeptidase inhibition ; Ang 2 generation was not detected . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The Ang 1 response was also significantly reduced with spironolactone ( P < 0 . 05 ) , with Ang 2 responses unaltered . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Even in normal conditions , intrarenal Ang 2 content is greater than can be explained on the basis of circulating Ang 2 and is compartmentalized with proximal tubule concentrations of Ang 1 and Ang 2 being several times higher than plasma concentrations . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Exogenous administration not only of Ang 2 but of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) directly into the sponges could enhance angiogenesis . ^^^ Chymostatin inhibited the angiogenesis induced by Ang 1 but not Ang 2 , suggesting the presence of a chymase like Ang 2 generating activity in the sponge granulomas . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : Ang 1 and 2 concentration response curves in human and porcine coronary arteries ( HCAs , PCAs ) were constructed in relation to estimates of the clearances of Ang 1 and 2 ( ClAngI , ClAngII ) from the organ bath and the release of newly formed Ang 2 ( RAngII ) into the bath fluid . ^^^ In HCAs Ang 2 was only three times more potent than Ang 1 , wheres , in the experiments with Ang 1 , comparison of ClAngI with ClAngII and RAngII indicated that most of the arterially produced Ang 2 did not reach the bath fluid . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) disrupts blood vessel formation in the developing embryo by antagonizing the effects of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) on the Tie 2 receptor . ^^^ Angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) disrupts blood vessel formation in the developing embryo by antagonizing the effects of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) on the Tie 2 receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we quantify ACE genotype related Ang 1 to Ang 2 conversion in the human forearm and leg using non pressor 125I Ang 1 infusions . ^^^ DESIGN AND METHODS : Infusions were given to 12 women and 17 men ( age 24 67 years ) who were undergoing renal vein sampling followed by renal angiography for diagnostic purposes . 125I Ang 1 was infused for 20 min into the right antecubital vein , and blood samples for the measurement of 125I labelled and endogenous Ang 1 and Ang 2 were taken from the aorta , the left antecubital vein and a femoral vein under steady state conditions . ^^^ RESULTS : Fractional conversion ( i . e . the percentage of arterially delivered 125I Ang 1 that is converted to 125I Ang 2 ) in the forearm ( 38+ / 4 , 30+ / 3 and 31+ / 6 % in 8 2 , 16 ID and 5 DD subjects , respectively ; mean + / SEM ) and leg ( 52+ / 4 , 48+ / 3 and 42+ / 5 % ) was similar in all three groups . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Regional Ang 1 to Ang 2 conversion does not parallel the previously described D allele related differences in ACE concentration , suggesting that effects other than enhanced conversion may underlie the reported associations between the D allele and various cardiovascular diseases . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : L 158 , 809 did not affect the levels of endogenous Ang 1 and 2 or the levels of plasma 125I Ang 2 . ^^^ Aortic Ang 1 and 2 levels ( 22 and 16 fmol / ml ; geometric mean of eight pigs ) were comparable to coronary venous Ang 1 and 2 levels , whereas the coronary venous 125I Ang 2 levels ( 6650 c . p . m . / ml ) were approximately 30 times higher than those in the aorta . ^^^ In treated animals , tissue 125I Ang 2 was < 5 % of coronary venous 125I Ang 2 and became undetectable within 15 min . 125I Ang 2 , Ang 1 and Ang 2 levels in the interstitial fluid were close to or below the detection limit ( 200 c . p . m . , 60 fmol and 20 fmol per ml , respectively ) in all animals . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In isolated mesenteric arteries from 1K1C RHR and 2K1C RHR , angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and tetradecapeptide ( TDP ) , a physiologically active renin substrate , produced concentration dependent vasoconstriction . ^^^ YM 358 ( 10 ( 7 ) M ) inhibited the vasoconstricting responses to Ang 2 , Ang 1 and TDP in isolated mesenteric arteries . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To assess the importance for vasoconstriction of in situ angiotensin ( Ang ) 2 generation , as opposed to Ang 2 delivery via the circulation , we determined forearm vasoconstriction in response to Ang 1 ( 0 . 1 to 10 ng . kg ( 1 ) . min ( 1 ) ) and Ang 2 ( 0 . 1 to 5 ng . kg ( 1 ) . min ( 1 ) ) in 14 normotensive male volunteers ( age 18 to 67 years ) . ^^^ Ang 1 and 2 exerted the same maximal effect ( mean+ / SEM 71+ / 4 % and 75+ / 4 % decrease in FBF , respectively ) , with similar potencies ( mean EC ( 50 ) [ range ] 5 . 6 [ 0 . 30 to 12 . 0 ] nmol / L for Ang 1 and 3 . 6 [ 0 . 37 to 7 . 1 ] nmol / L for Ang 2 ) . ^^^ In conclusion , the similar potencies of Ang 1 and 2 in the forearm , combined with the fact that only one third of arterially delivered Ang 1 is converted to Ang 2 , suggest that in situ generated Ang 2 is more important for vasoconstriction than circulating Ang 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Elution times for both peptide families , ANG 1 , ANG 2 , ANG 3 , ANG 4 , ANG 2 ( 4 8 ) , bET 1 , ET 1 , ET 2 and ET 3 were within 25 min . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin ( 1 7 ) , ( Ang ( 1 7 ) ) , a metabolite of Ang 2 and / or Ang 1 , was infused into the renal artery ( i . r . a ) of anesthetized dogs in order to demonstrate its possible direct renal action . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) is a naturally occurring antagonist of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) that competes for binding to the Tie 2 receptor and blocks Ang 1 induced Tie 2 autophosphorylation during vasculogenesis . ^^^ Angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) is a naturally occurring antagonist of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) that competes for binding to the Tie 2 receptor and blocks Ang 1 induced Tie 2 autophosphorylation during vasculogenesis . ^^^ Pre occupation of Ang 2 ( 443 ) on Tie 2 inhibits Ang 1 or Ang 2 binding and inhibits Ang 1 induced phosphorylation . ^^^ These results suggest that Ang 2 ( 443 ) is a functional antagonist of Ang 1 and could be an important regulator of angiogenesis during some tumorigenic and inflammatory processes . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) stimulates endothelial and vascular network differentiation through the Tie 2 receptor tyrosine kinase , while Ang 2 modulates this activation in embryo and tumor growth . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| During ACE inhibition only the 30 ng / kg / min Ang 1 dose raised plasma Ang 2 levels . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 2 counteracts this effect by competitively inhibiting the binding of Ang 1 to Tie 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| As Tie 2 ( ( / ) ) mice exhibit growth retardation and vascular network malformation , the expression of Tie 2 and its ligands , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , were investigated in human placenta from normal pregnancies and those complicated by severe IUGR . ^^^ In situ hybridization studies showed that Ang 1 and Tie 2 were detected in the cyto / syncytiotrophoblast bilayer in first trimester placenta , whereas Ang 2 mRNA was restricted to the cytotrophoblast , suggesting their role in trophoblast function . ^^^ As these studies also revealed that trophoblast , in addition to endothelial cells , expressed Tie 2 receptors , we investigated the potential role of Ang 1 / Ang 2 on trophoblast proliferation , migration , and the release of NO . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The angiopoietins ( Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) and Tie 2 ligand receptor system is essential for the regulation of vascular maturation and stability during embryonic development . ^^^ The findings suggested a role of the Ang 1 / Tie2 pathway in the maintenance of the complex vasculature in normal lung , while collaborative activities between the Ang 2 and VEGF pathways might be important in promoting tumour angiogenesis in NSCLC . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS AND RESULTS : The Ang 2 formation was increased time dependently after incubation in an extract ( 1 mg of protein / mL ) of human vascular tissues containing Ang 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The Tie 2 receptor has been implicated in stabilization and maturation of vessels through action of an agonist ligand , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and an antagonistic ligand , Ang 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Tie 2 , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , ephrin B 2 and Eph B 4 are all important vascular morphogenesis factors which exhibit their functions in angiogenesis and blood vessel remodeling in embryonic stage . ^^^ The purpose of this study was to detect and compare the expressions of Tie 2 , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , ephrin B 2 and Eph B 4 among pyogenic granuloma on human gingiva , gingiva diagnosed with periodontitis and healthy gingiva by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ The cells which expressed Ang 1 and Ang 2 were mainly macrophage or monocyte like mesenchymal cells and smooth muscle cells surrounding blood vessels . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Renin activity in explants is increased by ANG 2 treatment ( 70 . 1 + / 6 . 36 vs . 40 . 97 + / 1 . 94 pg ANG 1 . kidney ( 1 ) . h ( 1 ) in control ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| LBNP increased ( P < 0 . 05 ) p ( RA ) and p ( ANG 2 ) , respectively , more in the HiTol group ( 9 . 9 + / 2 . 2 ng ANG 1 . ml ( 1 ) . h ( 1 ) and 58 + / 12 pg / ml ) than in LoTol subjects ( 4 . 3 + / 0 . 9 ng ANG 1 . ml ( 1 ) . h ( 1 ) and 28 + / 6 pg / ml ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) prevents endothelial cell apoptosis and promotes blood vessel stability , while angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , a natural antagonist of Ang 1 , disrupts blood vessel structure and induces apoptosis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In rats , TCV 116 inhibited the pressor responses to Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Ang 3 without an effect on the bradykinin ( BK ) induced depressor response . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Inhibition of angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) synthesis is subtotal , however , because local non ACE enzymes also convert Ang 1 to Ang 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although Ang 2 is known to be a naturally occurring antagonist of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) in vivo , the exact function of Ang 2 itself is not known . ^^^ These findings indicate that at high concentrations , Ang 2 , like Ang 1 , can be an apoptosis survival factor for endothelial cells through the activation of the Tie 2 receptor , PI 3 ' kinase and Akt , and thus may be a positive regulator of tumor angiogenesis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To determine coronary angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to Ang 2 conversion and to distinguish plasma derived Ang 2 from locally synthesized Ang 2 , ( 125 ) 1 labeled and endogenous Ang 1 and 2 were measured in plasma and in infarcted and noninfarcted left ventricle ( LV ) during ( 125 ) 1 Ang 1 infusion . ^^^ Coronary Ang 1 to Ang 2 conversion was unaffected by MI . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Similarly , the percentage of myocytes containing renin , Ang 1 , and Ang 2 increases as well . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction , Ang 2 and Ang 3 mRNA were detected but Ang 1 and Tie 2 transcripts were absent . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction products equated to cDNA for VEGF , Ang 1 and Ang 2 in all corpora lutea . ^^^ Ang 1 and Ang 2 mRNA expression was low in the early to mid luteal phase but increased ( P : < 0 . 05 ) at late luteal phase before declining at menstruation . ^^^ These data suggest transcriptional control of VEGF , Ang 1 and Ang 2 , as well as post transcriptional control of VEGF , in macaque corpus luteum . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , it showed a greatly restricted proteolytic activity towards Ang 1 , and formed Ang 2 without the further cleavage which is a feature of h chymase . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The angiogenesis / vasculogenesis pathway is required for embryonic survival and includes several receptors ( VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , Tie 2 ) and ligands ( VEGF , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , neuropillin ) . ^^^ Ang 1 and Tie 2 decreased in trophoblastic giant cells and Ang 2 was decreased in placental endothelial cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A main stimulator for angiogenesis is vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , while the angiopoietins ( Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) may be important modulators . ^^^ The aim of this study was to investigate the localization of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , their common receptor Tie 2 , and VEGF messenger ribonucleic acid ( mRNA ) at the different stages of the functional luteal phase and after rescue by hCG . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Early effects of hypoxia / reoxygenation on VEGF , ang 1 , ang 2 and their receptors in the rat myocardium : implications for myocardial angiogenesis . ^^^ The most significant and interesting relationship which came to light was the surprisingly coincident yet opposite temporal trends between Ang 1 and Ang 2 protein levels . ^^^ In the 1 h hypoxia group , there was significant induction of Ang 2 expression ( 31 . 3 % compared to its baseline control ) in contrast to relatively mild Ang 1 expression ( 23 . 8 % compared to its baseline control ) . ^^^ Thereafter Ang 1 displayed a progressive increase in expression , parallel to a progressive decrease in Ang 2 expression , becoming most pronounced in the 4 h hypoxia group ( Ang 1 , 50 % and Ang 2 , 12 . 6 % compared to respective baseline control values ) . ^^^ This suggests that despite their being antagonists at the receptor level , regulation of Ang 1 and Ang 2 protein levels in response to hypoxia runs much deeper and seems to indicate modulatory control at the transcriptional and / or translational level . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We tested the effects of Ang 2 on Ang 1 , Ang 2 , or Tie 2 expression in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells expressing the Ang 2 receptors AT ( 1 ) and AT ( 2 ) . ^^^ Ang 2 significantly induced Ang 2 mRNA accumulations without affecting Ang 1 or Tie 2 expression , which was inhibited by protein kinase C inhibitors and by intracellular Ca ( 2+ ) chelating agents . ^^^ Although neither Ang 2 nor Ang 1 alone induced angiogenesis , soluble Tie 2 Fc that binds to angiopoietins attenuated AT ( 1 ) mediated angiogenesis . ^^^ These findings suggested that ( 1 ) Ang 2 induces Ang 2 and VEGF expression without affecting Ang 1 or Tie 2 and ( 2 ) AT ( 1 ) stimulates processing of pro HB EGF by metalloproteinases , and the released HB EGF transactivates EGFR to induce angiogenesis via the combined effect of Ang 2 and VEGF , whereas AT ( 2 ) attenuates them by blocking EGFR phosphorylation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The endothelial cell ( EC ) specific tyrosine kinase receptor , Tie 2 , interacts with at least two ligands , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) . ^^^ Ang 1 stimulates Tie 2 receptor autophosphorylation , while Ang 2 has been reported to inhibit Ang 1 induced Tie 2 receptor autophosphorylation . ^^^ We studied the effects of Ang 1 and Ang 2 in an in vitro model of angiogenesis . ^^^ Human ECs ( HUVEC ) , cultured on 3 D fibrin matrices , were treated with conditioned media ( CM ) from stably transfected cells expressing human Ang 1 or Ang 2 , or with purified recombinant proteins . ^^^ Interestingly , CM from two independent cell lines overexpressing Ang 2 also produced a significant increase in EC differentiation ( DI : 9 . 22+ / 3 . 00 and 9 . 72+ / 4 . 84 , both P < 0 . 005 vs . control ) although the degree of angiogenesis was significantly less then that seen with Ang 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Immunohistochemical analyses indicated that Ang 1 is selectively expressed in vascular muscular cells , whereas angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and Tie 2 are selectively expressed in endothelial cells . ^^^ Accordingly , Ang 1 mRNA is mainly expressed in cultured porcine coronary artery vascular smooth muscle cells , whereas Ang 2 and Tie 2 mRNAs are mainly expressed in cultured porcine coronary artery endothelial cells ( PCAECs ) . ^^^ Ang 1 ( 200 ng / ml ) induced Tie 2 phosphorylation , while Ang 2 ( 200 ng / ml ) did not produce Tie 2 phosphorylation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Over 60 % of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) is activated to angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) in a single transit through the gill lamellae by pillar cell angiotensin converting enzyme , whereas both ANG 1 and 2 are inactivated by the non lamellar filamental vasculature . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We assayed the activity of the endogenous enzyme and of a recombinant , epitope tagged chymase in transfected smooth muscle cells and showed that Ang 2 production from Ang 1 can be inhibited with chymostatin , but not EDTA or captopril . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we examined gene expression of the angiopoietin family including angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) in 39 gliomas and 5 glioma xenografts by RT PCR . ^^^ Ang 1 and Ang 2 genes were expressed in 54 % , and 77 % of gliomas , respectively . ^^^ The expression of Ang 1 was significantly correlated with the expression of Ang 2 . ^^^ Both Ang 1 and Ang 2 were shown to be expressed in the glioma cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The sensitivity to Ang 2 in these vessels was similar to that for Ang 1 . ^^^ We concluded that regional differences in the response to Ang 1 exist in vascular tissues , and the ratio of ACE to chymase dependent Ang 2 formation is different in the various vessels . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Basal ANG ( 1 7 ) , ANG 1 , ANG 2 , and renin concentrations were measured in plasma from ovine fetuses and their mothers ( n = 10 ) at 111 days of gestation . ^^^ In the fetus , concentrations of ANG 1 , ANG ( 1 7 ) , and ANG 2 were 86 + / 21 , 13 + / 2 , and 14 + / 2 fmol / ml , respectively . ^^^ In the ewe , concentrations of ANG 1 were significantly lower ( 20 + / 4 fmol / ml , P < 0 . 05 ) as were concentrations of ANG ( 1 7 ) ( 2 . 9 + / 0 . 6 fmol / ml ) , whereas ANG 2 concentrations were not different ( 10 + / 1 fmol / ml ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the hypothalamus , Ang 1 level was markedly lower ( 31+ / 9 versus 76+ / 13 pg / g , P < 0 . 05 ) and Ang 2 level tended to be lower in the transgenic versus Sprague Dawley rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The plasma levels of angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , ANG 2 , and bradykinin as well as plasma renin activity ( PRA ) showed a significant increase in HRT in the hypertensive group , but not in the normotensive group . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we investigated the effect of angiotensin 2 ( AII ) on Ang 1 and Ang 2 expression in cultured bovine retinal endothelial cells ( BRECs ) . ^^^ AII stimulated Ang 2 but not Ang 1 mRNA expression in a dose and time dependent manner . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we report that in addition to vascular endothelial growth factor A ( VEGF A ) , human endometrium expresses messenger ribonucleic acids ( mRNAs ) encoding VEGF C , placenta growth factor ( PlGF ) , the angiopoietins , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and Ang 2 , and the receptors VEGFR 3 ( Flt 4 ) , Tie 1 , and Tie 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In theophylline experiments , PRA ( 5 . 9 + / 0 . 8 ng ANG 1 . ml ( 1 ) . h ( 1 ) ) and ANG 2 plasma concentration ( 15 . 9 + / 2 . 3 pg / ml ) did not decrease during hypoxia , whereas plasma aldosterone concentration decreased from 277 + / 63 to 132 + / 23 pg / ml ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ In control experiments , PRA decreased from 6 . 8 + / 0 . 8 during normoxia to 3 . 0 + / 0 . 5 ng ANG 1 . ml ( 1 ) . h ( 1 ) during hypoxia , ANG 2 decreased from 13 . 3 + / 1 . 9 to 7 . 3 + / 1 . 9 pg / ml , and plasma aldosterone concentration decreased from 316 + / 50 to 70 + / 13 pg / ml ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To define a role for the angiopoietin / Tie2 system in astrocytoma angiogenesis , we examined the expression of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) in these tumors by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression profiles of low grade astrocytoma specimens were similar to those of normal brain , with low levels of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and VEGF expression . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using probes specific for two recently described ligands for tie 2 , Ang 1 and Ang 2 , we have shown that mRNA encoding Ang 1 is upregulated when 3T3 L 1 fibroblasts are differentiated to adipocytes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| MATERIALS AND METHODS : The circulating and bladder tissue concentrations of ANG 1 and ANG 2 were examined in anesthetized Sprague Dawley female rats in estrus , diestrus or pregnancy . ^^^ RESULTS : The mean concentrations of ANG 1 and ANG 2 were markedly higher in bladder tissue than in whole blood at the highest levels in pregnancy . ^^^ The concentration of ANG 1 and ANG 2 increased significantly in the bladder tissue and circulation after the ANG 1 infusion in estrus and diestrus . ^^^ In pregnancy only circulatory ANG 1 increased , while circulatory ANG 2 , tissue ANG 1 and ANG 2 remained unchanged . ^^^ Enalaprilat infusion was associated with an increased concentration of whole blood ANG 1 in all groups and decreased plasma ANG 2 in estrus and diestrus but not in pregnancy . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In 76 patients with heart failure ( HF ) ( New York Heart Association [ NYHA ] classes 1 through 4 ) and in 15 control subjects , cardiac angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) generation and its relationship with left ventricular function were investigated by measuring aorta coronary sinus concentration gradients of endogenous angiotensins and in a part of patients by studying ( 125 ) 1 labeled Ang 1 kinetics . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A H / S diet alone did not alter systolic blood pressure in sham animals ( 109+ / 6 mm Hg at day 12 ) ; however , Ang 2 infusions to the H / S rats significantly increased systolic blood pressure ( 167+ / 7 at day 12 ) and intrarenal Ang 2 content ( 459+ / 107 fmol / g versus 270+ / 42 ) despite a marked suppression of plasma renin activity ( 0 . 9+ / 0 . 2 ng Ang 1 . mL ( 1 ) . h ( 1 ) versus 2 . 8+ / 1 . 3 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin ( 1 7 ) [ Ang ( 1 7 ) ] , which can be formed directly from angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) bypassing the requisite production of Ang 2 , is a bioactive component of the renin angiotensin system that may oppose the actions of Ang 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : Expression of VEGF , Ang 1 , and Ang 2 in surgically removed human choroidal neovascular membranes ( CNVMs ) was analyzed by double label confocal immunofluorescence microscopy . ^^^ Northern blot analysis was performed to examine the time course and dose response of Ang 1 and Ang 2 mRNA expression . mRNA stability and nuclear run on analyses were performed . ^^^ Secreted Ang 1 and Ang 2 protein levels in conditioned media from RPE cells were examined by Western blot analysis . ^^^ RESULTS : Ang 1 and Ang 2 immunostaining colocalized with VEGF positive stromal cells in human CNVMS : Ang 1 and Ang 2 mRNAs were expressed by cultured serum starved RPE cells . ^^^ VEGF upregulated Ang 1 mRNA in a time and dose dependent manner without a significant change in Ang 2 mRNA . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) affect angiogenesis differently during embryogenesis and tumorigenesis . ^^^ In an attempt to understand the molecular basis underlying the distinct roles of those two homologous molecules , we investigated the association of Ang 1 and Ang 2 with the extracellular matrix ( ECM ) . ^^^ TA 3 murine mammary carcinoma ( TA 3 ) and Lewis lung carcinoma cells expressing v 5 epitope tagged Ang 1 and Ang 2 were used in our studies . ^^^ The results indicated that Ang 1 is secreted and incorporated into the ECM of the tumor cells , whereas Ang 2 is not associated with the ECM . ^^^ Implications of the difference in the ECM association of Ang 1 and Ang 2 , which are related to the regulation of angiopoietin activity and their roles in local versus distant angiogenesis during tumor metastasis , are discussed . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : In 35 patients with UA , 32 with stable effort angina ( SA ) and 21 with atypical chest pain ( controls ) , cardiac RAS was investigated during coronary angiography after five days of Holter monitoring by combining the measurement of aorta coronary sinus gradient for Ang 1 and Ang 2 with the kinetics study of 125I Ang 1 . ^^^ RESULTS : Cardiac Ang 2 generation was higher in patients with UA than it was in patients with SA or in controls ( p < 0 . 001 ) due to increased de novo cardiac Ang 1 formation and its enhanced fractional conversion rate to Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Further studies were then needed to demonstrate that Ang 1 is converted via an angiotensin converting enzyme to Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Northern and Western blotting , we demonstrated that Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Tie 2 were expressed during early metanephrogenesis when interstitial and glomerular capillaries begin to form . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) are important regulators of endothelial cell ( EC ) survival . ^^^ The authors hypothesized that the imbalance of Ang 1 and Ang 2 activities in colon carcinoma leads to a net gain in Ang 2 function . ^^^ METHODS : Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) analyses and immunofluorescent double staining were performed to examine human colon carcinoma cell lines , surgical specimens , normal mucosa , and liver metastases for the expression of Ang 1 and Ang 2 . ^^^ RESULTS : RT PCR analyses revealed that 7 of 18 colon carcinoma cell lines expressed Ang 1 , and 14 of 18 colon carcinoma cell lines expressed Ang 2 ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ Of the surgical specimens from patients with colon carcinoma , 6 of 11 specimens expressed Ang 1 , and 11 of 11 specimens expressed Ang 2 ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 2 and Ang 1 enhanced [ ( 3 ) H ] NA release in a concentration dependent manner . ^^^ The Ang 2 receptor subtype 1 ( AT ( 1 ) receptor ) antagonist losartan and the AT ( 2 ) receptor antagonist PD 123319 inhibited this facilitatory effect of Ang 2 and Ang 1 , whereas the other AT ( 2 ) receptor antagonist , CGP 42112 , was without effect . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| On each tissue samples and plasma , angiotensinogen ( Aogen ) , the renin activity , angiotensins 1 ( Ang 1 ) and 2 ( Ang 2 ) were determined by radioimmuno assay and the activity of ACE was measured by fluorimetry . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We examined mRNA and protein expression of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and Ang 2 by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction , in situ hybridization , and Western blot in BAVMs and control brains obtained from temporal lobectomy for medically intractable seizures . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) was a major product ( 39 . 3+ / 4 . 10 nmol 10 h ( 1 ) mL ( 1 ) , n = 5 ) of Ang 1 hydrolysis . ^^^ Chymostatin ( 0 . 05 mmol / L ) , EDTA ( 1 mmol / L ) , enalaprilat ( 0 . 1 mmol / L ) , and ebelacton B ( 0 . 01 mmol / L ) inhibited generation of Ang 2 from Ang 1 by guinea pig aqueous humor by 89+ / 4 . 6 , 56+ / 7 . 6 , 33+ / 5 . 1 , 20+ / 6 . 5 % , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have obtained full length cDNA sequences for zebrafish orthologs of angiopoietin 1 ( ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( ang 2 ) , and angiopoietin like 3 ( angptl 3 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Functional evidence indicates that this dose of captopril blocked production of ANG 2 in the peripheral circulation , but not in the brain ; that is , injection of ANG 1 into the lateral brain ventricle stimulated intake of both water and 0 . 3 M NaCl . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recent studies have shown that novel angiogenic factors , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and 2 ( Ang 2 ) , play important roles in the modulation of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To determine which angiogenic factors contribute to PNET / MB angiogenesis , we examined the expression of eight angiogenic factors ( vascular endothelial growth factors ( VEGF , VEGF B , VEGF C ) , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) , angiopoetins ( Ang 1 , Ang 2 ) , transforming growth factor ( TGF alpha ) , and platelet derived endothelial growth factor ( PDGF A ) ) by semi quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) in six PNET cell lines and 28 primary PNET / MB . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Because plasma concentrations of angiotensinogen are close to the Michaelis Menten constant , it was hypothesized that changes in circulating angiotensinogen affect the formation rate of ANG 1 and ANG 2 and , therefore , blood pressure . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The enzyme cleaved Ang 1 into Ang 2 , and the optimal conditions were with pH 7 . 5 and 300 mM chloride . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| DABF and CVBF increased in a dose dependent manner following 4 doses of [ Asn ( 1 ) , Val ( 5 ) , Gly ( 9 ) ] angiotensin 1 ( ANG 1 ) , [ Asn ( 1 ) , Val ( 5 ) ] angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) , and [ Val ( 4 ) ] angiotensin 3 ( ANG 3 ) ranging from 5 to 50 ng 10 kg bw ( 1 ) . ^^^ A minimum effective dose for ANG 1 and ANG 2 was 5 ng 10 kg bw ( 1 ) ; that for ANG 3 was 10 ng 10 kg bw ( 1 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : Prolonged angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor therapy leads to angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) accumulation , which may `` escape ' ' ACE inhibition , generate Ang 2 , stimulate the Ang 2 subtype 1 ( AT 1 ) receptor , and exert deleterious renal effects in patients with chronic renal diseases . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| VEGF and Ang 1 mRNA were predominantly expressed by astrocytes , while Ang 2 mRNA was specifically induced at the tip of invading endothelial cell cords . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To assess the possible contribution of the circulatory and cardiac renin angiotensin system ( RAS ) to the cardiac hypertrophy induced by a beta agonist , the present study evaluated the effects of isoproterenol , alone or combined with an angiotensin 1 converting enzyme inhibitor or AT ( 1 ) receptor blocker , on plasma and LV renin activity , ANG 1 , and ANG 2 , as well as left ventricular ( LV ) and right ventricular ( RV ) weight . ^^^ Isoproterenol increased plasma renin , ANG 1 , and ANG 2 three to fourfold . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and their tyrosine kinase receptor Tie 2 have been shown to play an important role in the processes of growth and remodelling of normal as well as tumour vessels . ^^^ We studied gene expression of the angiogenic factors Ang 1 and Ang 2 and of their tyrosine kinase receptor Tie 2 in the tumour and non tumour tissues of mice bearing the experimental melanoma B 16 . ^^^ Using semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) and real time PCR we measured Ang 1 , Ang 2 and Tie 2 mRNA levels in the tumour , bone marrow , liver and spleen . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These findings implicate Tie 2 and its ligands Ang 1 and Ang 2 in the pathogenesis of hemangioma . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : 125I Ang 1 was undetectable in renal tissue but the steady state concentrations of 125I Ang 2 in cortical and medullary tissue were four and two times the concentration in arterial blood plasma , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Probes 1 and 3 sequentially delivered : 1 ) buffer ; 2 ) ANG 1 ( 15 microM ) ; 3 ) ANG 2 type 1 receptor antagonist ( AT ( 1 ) ant ; irbesartan , 50 microM ) or AT ( 2 ) ant ( PD 123319 , 50 microM ) ; and 4 ) ANG 1 + AT ( 1 ) ant or ANG 1 + AT ( 2 ) ant . ^^^ Probes 2 and 4 used the same protocol , substituting ANG 2 for ANG 1 in a concentration ( 0 . 5 microM ) equivalent to that achieved during ANG 1 infusion . ^^^ ISF BK levels increased 15 fold during ANG 1 ( p < 0 . 001 ) but not during ANG 2 infusion . ^^^ The differential increase in ISF BK during ANG 1 and ANG ( 1 7 ) but not during ANG 2 infusions suggests the possibility of decreased catabolism of ISF BK by an angiotensin converting enzyme due to active site occupation by ANG 1 and ANG ( 1 7 ) . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHOD : By means of immunostaining we studied vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , Tie 1 , Tie 2 , Ang 1 , Ang 2 in endothelial cells ( EC ) of CAVM ( 30 specimens ) and control cortical vessel ( 7 specimens ) in the temporal lobe . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and its antagonist angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) act on the endothelial cell Tie 2 receptor to regulate vascular integrity and remodeling . ^^^ MATERIALS AND METHODS : The mRNAs encoding Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Tie 2 were detected and localized in human placentae throughout gestation . ^^^ Thus , hypoxia has opposite effects on Ang 1 and Ang 2 mRNA levels . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : These data show that the relative levels of Ang 1 and Ang 2 mRNA are regulated by local oxygen tension by different mechanisms and that this may be important during normal human placentation . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Construction of concentration response curves to Ang 1 and 2 in porcine femoral arteries , in the absence or presence of the AT ( 1 ) or AT ( 2 ) receptor antagonists irbesartan and PD 123319 , revealed that the approximately 2 fold difference in potency between Ang 1 and 2 was not due to stimulation of different AT receptor populations by exogenous and locally generated Ang 2 . 3 . ^^^ Measurement of Ang 1 and 2 and their metabolites at the time of vasoconstriction confirmed that , at equimolar application of Ang 1 and 2 , bath fluid Ang 2 during Ang 1 was approximately 18 times lower than during Ang 2 and that Ang 2 was by far the most important metabolite of Ang 1 . ^^^ Tissue Ang 2 was 2 . 9+ / 1 . 5 % and 12 . 2+ / 2 . 4 % of the corresponding Ang 1 and 2 bath fluid levels , and was not affected by irbesartan or PD 123319 , suggesting that it was located extracellularly . 4 . ^^^ Since approximately 15 % of tissue weight consists of interstitial fluid , it can be calculated that interstitial Ang 2 levels during Ang 2 resemble bath fluid Ang 2 levels , whereas during Ang 1 they are 8 . 8 27 fold higher . ^^^ Consequently at equimolar application of Ang 1 and 2 , the interstitial Ang 2 levels differ only 2 4 fold . 5 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the present study , we performed experiments to explore renal interstitial fluid concentrations of Ang 1 and Ang 2 further and to determine whether these levels are altered by acute arterial infusion of an ACE inhibitor ( enalaprilat ) or by volume expansion . ^^^ Interstitial fluid Ang 1 concentrations ( 0 . 84+ / 0 . 04 nmol / L ) were consistently lower than the Ang 2 concentrations but higher than the plasma Ang 1 concentrations ( 112+ / 14 pmol / L ) . ^^^ Enalaprilat resulted in a significant increase in plasma Ang 1 from 133+ / 21 to 1167+ / 328 pmol / L and a decrease in plasma Ang 2 from 110+ / 12 to 67+ / 9 pmol / L . ^^^ During enalaprilat infusion , interstitial fluid concentration of Ang 1 was significantly increased from 0 . 78+ / 0 . 06 to 0 . 97+ / 0 . 08 nmol / L ; however , Ang 2 concentrations were not altered significantly ( 3 . 67+ / 0 . 28 versus 3 . 67+ / 0 . 25 nmol / L ) . ^^^ Acute volume loading with Ringer ' s solution containing 1 % bovine serum albumin at a rate of 150 microL / min for 2 hours ( 6 % to 7 % of body weight ) lowered plasma concentrations of Ang 1 from 110+ / 23 to 16+ / 2 pmol / L and Ang 2 from 100+ / 23 to 36+ / 6 pmol / L ; however , renal interstitial fluid concentrations of Ang 1 and Ang 2 were not altered significantly during volume expansion ( Ang 1 , from 0 . 77+ / 0 . 05 to 0 . 69+ / 0 . 03 nmol / L ; Ang 2 , from 3 . 76+ / 0 . 43 to 3 . 59+ / 0 . 39 nmol / L , n=5 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| There was a dose dependent decrease in plasma renin activity , Ang 1 , and Ang 2 following single doses of Aliskiren starting with 40 mg . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 2 , and VEGF expression in normal human renal cortex was examined with immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical analyses . ^^^ RNA and protein extracted from human glomeruli , cultured human podocytes , and cultured human endothelial cells were analyzed for Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Tie 2 by using reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| After 4 weeks , the rats were anaesthetised and truncal blood collected for determination of angiotensinogen , renin , angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , Ang 2 and aldosterone concentrations as well as angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) activity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVE : Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and Ang 2 are ligands for the receptor tyrosine kinase , Tie 2 . ^^^ Ang 1 , a Tie 2 agonist , may have a vascular stabilizing role in angiogenesis , while Ang 2 , an endogenous antagonist of Tie 2 , may have an early role in angiogenesis , destabilizing existing vasculature . ^^^ RESULTS : We observed constitutive expression of Ang 1 and Ang 2 in RSF and chronic inflamed synovial tissue . ^^^ Ang 1 was the most highly expressed ligand in late stage RA synovial fibroblasts ; however , in chronic inflamed synovial tissue , Ang 2 was predominant and was expressed at strikingly high levels ( 70 to 120 fold increase ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we examined the relationship between AML cells and endothelial cells by analyzing the expression profile of angiogenic factors , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , Ang 2 , Tie 2 ( a receptor for angiopoietins ) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) . ^^^ These results were supported by the study using AML cell lines , KG 1 ( CD 7 negative ) and its subline KG 1a ( CD 7 positive ) ; KG 1 had mRNA expression profile of Ang 1 ( + ) Ang 2 ( ) Tie 2 ( + ) , while KG 1a showed Ang 1 ( + ) Ang 2 ( + ) Tie 2 ( ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 2 infusion significantly increased UAGT ( 4 . 0 + / 0 . 5 vs . 1 . 0 + / 0 . 2 nmol Ang I / day by radioimmunoassay of generated Ang 1 ; 57 + / 15 vs . 14 + / 2 densitometric units by Western blotting analysis ) compared to Sham . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we evaluated whether estrogen modulates the activity and expression of Tie 2 receptors , Ang 1 and its endogenous antagonist ; angiopoietins 2 ( Ang 2 ) in non reproductive organs . ^^^ Our results suggest that the effects of estrogen on the vasculature of non reproductive organs require the inhibition of angiopoietin 1 Tie 2 receptor pathway and that this inhibition is achieved through simultaneous down regulation of Ang 1 and Tie 2 expression and elevation in Ang 2 expression . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Specifically , 1 ) VEGF / Flt and Ang 1 / Tie 2 may promote trophoblast growth , 2 ) VEGF / KDR and Ang 1 / Tie 2 may support fetoplacental vascular development and stabilization , 3 ) sFlt may balance VEGF actions , and 4 ) Ang 2 / Tie 2 may remodel the maternal vasculature . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) plays a crucial role in the generation of angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) via conversion from angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We further tested the effects of genistein , a tyrosine kinase inhibitor , and its inactive analogue , daidzein , on angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiotensin 3 ( Ang 3 ) and angiotensin 4 ( Ang 4 ) contractions , as compared with those on Ang 2 . ^^^ Genistein partially inhibited Ang 2 and Ang 1 induced contractions . ^^^ Thus , Ang 4 and Ang 3 induced contractions seem to be more dependent on tyrosine kinase activity than those evoked by Ang 2 or Ang 1 . ^^^ At the same time , it significantly inhibited Ang 3 contractile effects as compared with Ang 2 and Ang 1 contractions . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The urinary profiles of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , human chorionic gonadotropin , 17beta estradiol , and progesterone were also determined . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) promotes vascular maturation via the Tie 2 receptor , while angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) is its natural antagonist that destabilizes vessels and initiates neovascularization in the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor . ^^^ To test the hypothesis that menorrhagia arises as a result of poor signal for vascular maturation , we have examined the expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Tie 2 in endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle from 30 normal women and 28 patients with menorrhagia . ^^^ Ribonuclease protection assay and Western blot analysis showed Ang 2 expression was consistently higher than Ang 1 in normal endometrium throughout the cycle . ^^^ However , with menorrhagia Ang 1 mRNA and protein were not detected or down regulated , while Ang 2 was observed at similar levels in both normal and menorrhagic endometrium resulting in a greater than a 50 % decrease in the ratio of Ang 1 to Ang 2 protein . ^^^ In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies supported these findings and revealed cyclical changes in the expression of Ang 1 and Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| After 4 weeks , blood was collected for determination of renin , angiotensinogen , Ang 1 , Ang 2 and aldosterone concentrations , as well as ACE activity . ( 3 ) The increase in systolic blood pressure in rats on the high salt diet was significantly greater than in those on the low ( P < 0 . 005 ) and intermediate salt diets ( P < 0 . 0005 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The Ang 2 precursor [ Pro 11 D Ala 12 ] Ang 1 was converted into Ang 2 by the rat MAB elastase 2 with catalytic efficiency of 8 . 6 min 1 microM 1 , and the chromogenic substrates N succinyl Ala Ala Pro Leu p nitroanilide and N succinyl Ala Ala Pro Phe p nitroanilide were hydrolyzed by the enzyme with catalytic efficiencies of 10 . 6 min 1 microM 1 and 7 . 6 min 1 microM 1 , respectively . ^^^ The non cleavable peptide inhibitor CH 5450 inhibited the rat MAB elastase 2 activities toward the substrates Ang 1 ( IC 50 = 49 microM ) and N succinly Ala Ala Pro Phe p nitroanilide ( IC 50 = 4 . 8 microM ) , whereas N acetyl Ala Ala Pro Leu chloromethylketone , an effective active site directed inhibitor of pancreatic elastase 2 , efficiently blocked the Ang 2 generating activity of the rat MAB enzyme ( IC 50 = 4 . 5 microM ) . ^^^ Moreover , the thus far unrealized interaction of elastase 2 with [ Pro 11 D Ala 12 ] Ang 1 and CH 5450 , both regarded as selective for chymases , suggests that evidence for the in vivo formation of Ang 2 by chymases may have been overestimated in previous investigations of Ang 2 forming pathways . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated the expression of Ang 1 and Ang 2 during multistep mouse skin carcinogenesis and in human squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC ) xenografts . ^^^ Expression of Ang 2 , but not of Ang 1 , was up regulated in angiogenic tumor vessels already in early stages of skin carcinogenesis and was also strongly increased in SCCs . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , they strongly expressed angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) but not angiopoietin 2 , Tie 1 , or Tie 2 ; in contrast , dermal microvascular endothelial cells exhibited a reciprocal expression pattern . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin ANG 3 , ANG 4 , ANG 2 and ANG 1 induced contractions in clitoral CSM strips . ^^^ ANG 3 and ANG 1 induced contraction was five times less active than ANG 2 , whereas ANG 4 induced contraction was 1181 fold less potent than ANG 2 . ^^^ Contractile responses to ANG 3 , ANG 4 , ANG 2 and ANG 1 were significantly inhibited by type 1 ANG 2 ( AT 1 ) receptor antagonist Dup 753 but not by type 2 ANG 2 ( AT 2 ) receptor antagonist PD 123 , 319 . ^^^ Further , the rank order of potency of contraction was as follows , ANG 2 > ANG 1 > ANG 3 > ANG 4 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunohistochemical analysis was used to determine the expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 1 and Tie 2 in synovial tissue of normal subjects and those with RA and OA . ^^^ Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 1 and Tie 2 mRNA and protein expression were quantified in synovial tissues and RA synovial tissue fibroblasts with real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis . ^^^ Generally Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 1 and Tie 2 mRNA levels were higher in RA synovial tissue compared to normal and OA synovial tissues , and RA synovial tissue fibroblasts . ^^^ In conclusion , the dominance of Ang 1 mRNA and protein expression over Ang 2 is in agreement with an active neovascularization in RA synovial tissue . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Human heart tissue enzymes cleave angiotensin ( Ang ) 1 to release Ang 1 9 , Ang 2 , or Ang 1 7 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CONCLUSIONS : Loss of glomerular capillaries during the course of anti GBM GN in mice was temporally associated with decreases in endothelial survival molecules VEGF A and Ang 1 , and with up regulation of Ang 2 , an antagonist of Ang 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated a possible contribution of nitric oxide ( NO ) and prostaglandins to the inhibitory effect of losartan on contractions to Ang 1 ( 10 ( 6 ) M ) and Ang 2 ( 10 ( 7 ) M ) with or without L NAME ( 10 ( 4 ) M ) or indomethacin ( 10 ( 5 ) M ) in the aorta of WKY , SHR and hamster ( n=7 each ) . ^^^ Despite the difference in the stimulated NO release , losartan completely abolished the responses to Ang 1 and Ang 2 both in WKY and SHR vessels irrespective of the presence of L NAME . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| No Ang 1 mRNA was demonstrated in either cell type , and Ang 2 mRNA was found only in CK MVECs . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| AIM : To study the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEG F ) , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , Tie 1 , and Tie 2 in C57BL / 6 mouse brain after permanent focal cerebral ischemia . ^^^ METHODS : The mRNA levels of VEGF , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 1 , and Tie 2 were measured by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) . ^^^ RESULTS : Low mRNA levels of VEGF , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 1 , and Tie 2 were constitutively expressed in the normal cortex of mouse . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma levels of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and Ang ( 1 7 ) were not altered by treatment with either omapatrilat or lisinopril , even though both regimens produced a modest rise in plasma renin activity . ^^^ In contrast , urinary excretion rates of Ang 1 and Ang ( 1 7 ) but not Ang 2 increased significantly throughout the dosing period of subjects who were given omapatrilat , whereas the smaller antihypertensive response produced by lisinopril had a smaller and transient effect on increasing urinary excretion rates of Ang ( 1 7 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Renal Ang 1 levels increased only in clipped , whereas intrarenal Ang 2 contents were elevated in both clipped ( from 0 . 7+ / 0 . 1 to 2 . 0+ / 0 . 2 pg / mg tissue ) and nonclipped kidneys ( from 0 . 6+ / 0 . 1 to 2 . 5+ / 0 . 3 pg / mg tissue ) . ^^^ Finally , [ Pro 11 D Ala 12 ] Ang 1 ( an inactive precursor that yields Ang 2 by chymase but not by ACE ; 1 to 50 nmol / kg ) markedly elevated intrarenal Ang 2 in clipped , but not in nonclipped , kidneys . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Relative to control , in dermis highly stimulated by VEGF , the Ang 2 mRNA transcript numbers increased 35 fold , PECAM 1 and VE cadherin increased 10 fold , Tie 1 increased 8 fold , KDR and Flt 1 each increased 4 fold , and Ang 1 increased 2 fold . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVE : The recent discovery of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) has provided novel and important insights into the molecular mechanisms of blood vessel formation . ^^^ Ang 1 and Ang 2 bind with similar affinity to the endothelial cell tyrosine kinase receptor Tie 2 . ^^^ METHODS : Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Tie 2 gene expression in 14 normal ovaries with corpus luteum ( CL ) and in 19 cases of ovarian cancer were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction of RNA after reverse transcription . ^^^ Furthermore , cellular distribution of Ang 1 and Ang 2 mRNA was examined by in situ hybridization , and localization of Tie 2 was studied by immunochemistry . ^^^ RESULTS : The Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Tie 2 gene expression in normal ovary with CL ranged from 0 . 18 to 1 . 06 ( median 0 . 54 ) , 0 . 31 2 . 64 ( median 1 . 01 ) , and 0 . 10 0 . 47 ( median 0 . 20 ) , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This occurs with an increase in AspAP activity ( which metabolizes Ang 1 to des Asp ( 1 ) Ang 1 ) , with no changes in Ang 2 degrading activity and also with increased levels of AVP degrading activity in dehydrated animals . ^^^ The results obtained in the renal medulla suggest the inhibition of the metabolism of Ang 1 to des Asp ( 1 ) Ang 1 , together with a reduced metabolism of Ang 2 and AVP in dehydrated males but not in females . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) or kininase 2 is a dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase that converts angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) in the renin angiotensin system ( RAS ) and inactivates bradykinin in the kallikrein kinin system ( KKS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 2 mRNA transcription is increased under reduced oxygen and the stability of Ang 1 mRNA is reduced under similar conditions . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It has been proposed that angiopoietins 1 ( Ang 1 ) and 2 ( Ang 2 ) are pro and anti angiogenic owing to their respective agonist and antagonist signaling action through the Tie 2 receptor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Aortic Ang 2 forming activity was measured using Ang 1 as a substrate . ^^^ Plasma Ang 1 and Ang 2 were measured by radioimmunoassay . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We hypothesized that hypoxia / reperfusion induced free radical production inhibits the expression of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , a vessel stabilizing factor , leaving unopposed the effects of endothelial Ang 2 , a vessel branching and permeability factor . ^^^ To further examine the effects of progestin , hypoxia , and reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) on the regulation of Ang 1 and Ang 2 as well as the activation of MAPK , SAPK / JNK , and p 38 by the relevant cell types , we conducted in vitro studies with cultured human endometrial stromal cells ( HESCs ) and human endometrial endothelial cells ( HEECs ) . ^^^ Conversely , cultured HEECs did not appear to express Ang 1 , but expressed Ang 2 , the levels of which were significantly increased by hypoxia . ^^^ Our findings suggest that LTPOC induced endometrial bleeding occurs as a result of hypoxia / reperfusion induced free radicals that directly damage vessels and alter the balance of Ang 1 and Ang 2 to produce the characteristic enlarged and permeable vessels that are prone to bleeding . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Quantitative real time PCR analysis demonstrated that VEGF A and Ang 1 mRNA increased in a linear pattern by 2 . 5 ( not significant ) and 2 . 8 % / wk ( P = 0 . 034 ) , respectively , whereas Ang 2 decreased logarithmically by 3 . 5 % / wk ( P = 0 . 0003 ) . ^^^ Ang 2 mRNA was 400 and 100 fold higher than Ang 1 and VEGF A , respectively , in the first trimester and declined to 20 fold and 7 fold in the third . ^^^ Ang 2 protein ( ELISA ) decreased by 4 . 7 % / wk ( P = 0 . 0001 ) , whereas Ang 1 and VEGF A were undetectable . ^^^ In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies revealed that VEGF A was localized in cyto and syncytiotrophoblast and perivascular cells , whereas Ang 1 and Ang 2 were only in syncytiotrophoblast and perivascular cells in the immature intermediate villi during the first and second trimesters , and mature intermediate and terminal villi during the third trimester . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Blood pressure normalization was accompanied by increases in plasma Ang 1 ( 2969 % ) , Ang 2 ( 57 % ) , and Ang ( 1 7 ) ( 163 % ) levels , paralleling pronounced increases in urinary excretion rates of Ang 1 and Ang ( 1 7 ) but not Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| An MD probe constructed with a hydrophilic hollow fiber dialysis tubing , AN 69 , showed high recovery ( more than 50 % ) in vitro for all four angiotensins : angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , Ang 2 , Ang 3 , and Ang ( 1 7 ) . ^^^ The detection limit for Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Ang 3 , and Ang ( 1 7 ) were 94 , 44 , 47 , and 83 fmol , respectively . ^^^ In the MD studies , generation of Ang ( 1 7 ) and Ang 2 was observed when Ang 1 was perfused , and Ang ( 1 7 ) was the major biologically active angiotensin found in the dialysate samples . ^^^ The concentration of Ang ( 1 7 ) and Ang 2 in the dialysate samples showed good correlation to that of Ang 1 in a MD perfusate ( 20 100 microM ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Apical ANG 1 and ANG 2 rapidly reached the basolateral fluid independent of AT ( 1 ) and AT ( 2 ) receptors . ^^^ Basolateral ANG 2 during apical ANG 1 application was as high as apical ANG 2 , whereas during apical ANG 2 application it was lower . ^^^ During basolateral ANG 1 application , ANG 2 generation occurred basolaterally only , in an angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) dependent manner . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Circulating ( pro ) renin , angiotensinogen , ANG 1 and ANG 2 enter the interstitium via diffusion , and interstitial ANG 2 generation is mediated , at least in part , by basolaterally located endothelial ACE . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Renin ( RA ) and angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) activities and angiotensinogen , ANG 1 , and ANG 2 levels were measured in the kidney ( cortex and medulla ) and plasma of Wistar Kyoto rats on a low sodium ( LS ; 0 . 025 % NaCl ; n = 8 ) , normal sodium ( NS ; 1 % NaCl ; n = 7 ) , or high sodium ( HS ; 8 % NaCl ; n = 7 ) diet for 21 days . ^^^ RA , ANG 1 , and ANG 2 levels increased in a manner inversely related to sodium content of the diet in both plasma and renal tissues . ^^^ The LS diet resulted in a 16 , 2 . 8 , and 1 . 8 fold increase in plasma RA , ANG 1 , and ANG 2 levels , respectively , compared with those in HS rats . ^^^ In the renal cortex and medulla , RA , ANG 1 , and ANG 2 levels were also increased by diminution of dietary salt content but , in contrast to plasma , ANG 2 levels increased much more than RA or ANG 1 levels [ 5 . 4 ( cortex ) and 4 . 7 ( medulla ) fold compared with HS rats ] . ^^^ Nevertheless , despite RA and ACE activity differences between renal cortex and medulla , ANG 1 and ANG 2 levels are equivalent in these two tissues ; these results argue against a compartmentalization of RAS in these two intrarenal areas . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Renin ( RA ) and angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) activities and angiotensinogen , ANG 1 , and ANG 2 levels were measured in plasma , renal cortex , and medulla . ^^^ In LS rats , in both plasma and renal cortex , the increase in RA was associated with an increase in ANG 1 and ANG 2 levels compared with NS rats , but intrarenal ANG 2 levels increased more than ANG 1 levels . ^^^ In NS+Los rats , the increase in RA in plasma was followed by a marked increase in plasma ANG 1 and ANG 2 levels compared with NS rats whereas in the kidney the increase of renal RA was followed by a decrease of the levels of these peptides . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , or VEGF was examined immunohistochemically ; intratumoral microvessel density ( IMVD ) was examined with immunohistochemical staining against CD 34 , a marker of pan endothelial cells ( CD 34 IMVD ) , and that against CD 105 , a marker of proliferative endothelial cells ( CD 105 IMVD ) . ^^^ Positive expression of Ang 1 and that of Ang 2 were seen in 101 ( 42 . 8 % ) and 40 patients ( 16 . 9 % ) , respectively . ^^^ Moreover , positive expression of Ang 2 , not Ang 1 , was a significant factor to predict a poor postoperative survival ( 5 year survival rates for Ang 2 positive patients and negative patients were 53 . 5 and 70 . 3 % , respectively ; P = 0 . 027 ) , which was confirmed by a multivariate analysis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , expression of many angiogenic genes including those for vascular endothelial growth factor , fibroblast growth factor , platelet derived growth factor , and receptors such as Flt 1 , Flk 1 , Ang 1 , and Ang 2 are likely to be regulated by redox signaling . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) converts the inactive decapeptide angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to the active octapeptide angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , a potent vasoconstrictor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In our study , the expression of Angiopoietin 1 ( ANG 1 ) and Angiopoietin 2 ( ANG 2 ) mRNA in archival human breast cancer tumor samples and in 6 breast cancer cell lines was investigated . ^^^ Total RNA from biopsies of 38 breast cancer patients was extracted and ANG 1 and ANG 2 mRNA expression was measured by means of quantitative real time RT PCR ( Taqman ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma ANG 2 and ANG 1 in salt depleted SHR were elevated sevenfold compared with peptide levels measured in sodium replete SHR , whereas plasma ANG ( 1 7 ) was twofold greater in salt depleted SHR compared with salt replete SHR . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) have been identified as ligands with different effector functions of the vascular assembly and maturation mediating receptor tyrosine kinase Tie 2 . ^^^ To understand the molecular interactions of the angiopoietins with their receptor , we have studied the binding of Ang 1 and Ang 2 to the Tie 2 receptor . ^^^ Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay based competition assays and co immunoprecipitation experiments analyzing the binding of Ang 1 and Ang 2 to truncation mutants of the extracellular domain of Tie 2 showed that the first Ig like loop of Tie 2 in combination with the epidermal growth factor ( EGF ) like repeats ( amino acids 1 360 ) is required for angiopoietin binding . ^^^ The first Ig like domain or the EGF like repeats alone are not capable of binding Ang 1 and Ang 2 . ^^^ Conversely , the first 360 amino acids ( Ig like domain plus EGF like repeats ) of the Tie 2 receptor are necessary and sufficient to bind both Ang 1 and Ang 2 , which suggests that differential receptor binding is not likely to be responsible for the different functions of Ang 1 and Ang 2 . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and renin activity were also significantly elevated in normal pregnancy . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The Ang 1 and Ang 2 generating activities were evaluated in human leukocytes . ^^^ Human leukocytes have Ang 1 and Ang 2 generating activities . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : Synovial membrane ( SM ) infiltrate and Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) mRNA and protein expression were examined using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization . ^^^ Ang 1 mRNA and protein expression was observed , but concentrations were markedly lower than for Ang 2 and VEGF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Maximal responses of 171 + / 28 ( AA ) , 183 + / 7 ( muscular EA ) , and 78 + / 11 nM ( thin EA ) ( n = 6 ) , similar to those obtained with ANG 2 , were observed with 100 nM ANG 1 . ^^^ The EC ( 50 ) values were 20 times higher for ANG 1 than for ANG 2 in AA ( 10 . 2 vs . 0 . 5 ) and muscular EA ( 6 . 8 vs . 0 . 4 nM ) and 150 times higher in thin EA ( 15 . 2 vs . 0 . 1 nM ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| MATERIAL AND METHODS : We have measured the expression of angiogenesis regulating genes angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 2 ) and their receptor Tie 2 , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and its receptors VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 in sorted population of CD34+ and CD34+ / CD133+ cells from human cord blood and bone marrow , and in their differentiating progeny , using real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction . ^^^ RESULTS : A higher expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Tie 2 mRNAs was detected in CD34+ / CD133+ cord blood cells as compared with CD 34 / CD133 fraction , but no expression of these genes was detected in burst forming unit erythroid ( BFU E ) nor colony forming unit granulocyte macrophage ( CFU GM ) colonies . ^^^ The level of Ang 1 and Tie 2 mRNAs , but not that of Ang 2 mRNA gradually decreased during a 14 d incubation of cord blood CD34+ cells in a liquid culture . ^^^ CONCLUSION : CD34+ / CD133+ cord blood cells express Ang 1 , Ang 2 and VEGF as well as their receptor mRNAs , suggesting a role of these cells in regulation both angiopoiesis and hematopoiesis . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : In human epiretinal membranes surgically obtained from eyes with ischemic retinal disorders , substantial upregulation of angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and the receptor Tie 2 was recorded than in those from eyes with nonischemic diseases , whereas expression of Ang 1 was constant in all membranes . ^^^ Both Ang 1 and Ang 2 promoted tube forming activity and enhanced the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) in cultured BRECs . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Blockade of the RAS was evaluated with the inhibition of the pressor effect of exogenous Ang 1 , an ex vivo receptor assay , and the changes in plasma Ang 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The current study aimed to demonstrate differences between angiotensin ( Ang ) converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibition and Ang 2 AT 1 receptor antagonism on full concentration contraction responses to Ang 1 . ^^^ Ang 1 mediated effects are much more effectively inhibited by Ang 2 antagonism than by ACE inhibition . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Among the 7 genes , the expression of which was significantly up regulated or down regulated in FNH , the most informative markers for the diagnosis of FNH as assessed using the receiving operative curve and area under the curve ( AUC ) were angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ; AUC , 0 . 82 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ; AUC , 0 . 80 ) . ^^^ In FNH , Ang 1 was significantly up regulated , Ang 2 was down regulated , and the Ang 1 / Ang 2 ratio was highly and specifically increased in FNH compared with normal liver or other groups of lesions ( FNH , 15 . 2 fold increase ; HCC , 2 . 78 ; adenoma , 2 . 28 ; cirrhosis , 1 . 92 ; P < 0 . 01 for FNH vs . all groups , analysis of variance ) . ^^^ Tie 2 messenger RNA , the receptor of Ang 1 and Ang 2 , was detected at the same level in FNH as in normal liver . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : A specific increase of Ang 1 / Ang 2 ratio in FNH , in the presence of the functional Tie 2 receptor , might be involved in the formation of hyperplastic and dystrophic vessels of FNH . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here , we studied the roles of Ang 1 , its natural antagonist Ang 2 , and their receptor Tie 2 in rat cardiac allograft arteriosclerosis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Human chymase hydrolyzed Ang 1 to produce Ang 2 without further degradation . mMCP 1 similarly generated Ang 2 from Ang 1 in a time dependent manner and the formation of the fragment other than Ang 2 was marginal . ^^^ In contrast , mMCP 4 hydrolyzed Ang 1 at two sites , Tyr ( 4 ) Ile ( 5 ) and Phe ( 8 ) His ( 9 ) , with Ang 2 formation being tentative . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To test this hypothesis we measured capillary density , and the expressions of VEGF , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and the Tie 2 receptor and its phosphorylation state during repetitive episodes of myocardial ischemia in chronically instrumented canines . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study we have demonstrated that myeloma cells express several proangiogenic factors , and , in particular , we found that angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , but not its antagonist Ang 2 , was expressed by several human myeloma cell lines ( HMCLs ) at the mRNA and the protein levels . ^^^ Finally , our in vitro results were supported by the in vivo finding of Ang 1 , but not Ang 2 , mRNA and protein expression in purified MM cells obtained from approximately 47 % of patients and by high BM angiogenesis in patients with MM positive for Ang 1 , suggesting that the angiopoietin system could be involved , at least in part , in MM induced angiogenesis . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The semiquantitative expression of angiogenic growth factors ( VEGF , bFGF , Ang 1 und Ang 2 , PDGF ) in the tumour trophoblasts was similar to that seen in the normal villi . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effect induced by [ Pro 11 , d Ala 12 ] ANG 1 , an ANG 1 converting enzyme ( ACE ) resistant biologically inactive precursor of ANG 2 , was blocked by chymostatin or Ac AAPL CK . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we investigated the expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 2 , and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) in surgically resected specimens from 46 patients with HCC to determine their potential role in tumor angiogenesis and its progression . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This review considers the action mechanisms and specific features of expression of the main angiogenic growth factors , such as the vascular endothelium growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietins ( Ang 1 , Ang 2 ) , and the basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CD 1 mice injected peripherally with either ANG 1 or ANG 2 failed to drink substantial amounts of water or NaCl , yet showed strong Fos immunoreactivity ( ir ) in subfornical organ ( SFO ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , Tie 1 and Tie 2 were measured immediately after relief of occlusion , and 1 , 6 , 24 and 72 h after reperfusion , by Northern blot , Western blot and immunohistochemical staining . ^^^ In conclusion , expression of both Ang 2 and Tie 2 increased after ischaemia / reperfusion in the rat ventricular myocardium , while the expression of Ang 1 and Tie 1 did not . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The study of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , ligands of receptor tyrosine kinase 2 ( Tie 2 ) , showed that while stroma derived Ang 2 was increased , epidermal Ang 1 expression was completely abolished at early papilloma formation . ^^^ Our results indicated that tumor development occurred in a strong angiogenesis prone scenario in which PlGF and Ang 2 acted cooperatively with VEGF , whereas the negative or stabilizing effect of Ang 1 was abrogated . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 1 expression gradually became weaker in 2 weeks , whereas Ang 2 expression returned to normal in a few days . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , using bovine aortic endothelial cells ( BAEC ) , we found that only Ang 2 expression , but neither Ang 1 nor Tie 2 , responded to these two angiogenic stimuli , which was consistent with many previous reports . ^^^ In conclusion , our data suggest that both hypoxia and VEGF treatment differentially regulate the angiopoietin / Tie2 system in the two vascular cells and that , particularly in BRP , the regulation of Ang 1 , but not Ang 2 , and Tie 2 expression may play an important role in vascular development . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ACE 2 cleaves Ang 1 and Ang 2 into the inactive Ang 1 9 and Ang 1 7 , respectively . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , a significant correlation was observed between VEGF and Ang 2 mRNA expression ( P < 0 . 01 ) but not between VEGF and Ang 1 or Tie 2 in human ovarian cancer specimens . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Polyclonal antibodies specific for Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 2 and VEGF were used for immunostaining . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS AND RESULTS : In rat isolated kidney Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Ang 3 , Ang 4 and des Asp Ang 1 induced pressor responses and enhanced noradrenaline release to renal nerve stimulation ( RNS ) in an concentration dependent manner , with the following rank order of potency ( EC ( 50 ) ) : Ang 2 > or= Ang 3 > Ang 1 = des Asp Ang 1 > Ang 4 . ^^^ Ang ( 1 7 ) blocked the effects of Ang 1 and Ang 2 , being 10 times more potent against Ang 1 than Ang 2 . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Ang 3 , Ang 4 and des Asp Ang 1 regulate renal vascular resistance and noradrenaline release by activation of AT ( 1 ) receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Moreover , the computer simulations enable analysis of the versatile effects of drugs on the growth and decay of both the tumor and the immature and mature blood vessels , as well as on the induction of an array of relevant growth factors such as angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and platelet derived growth factor ( PDGF ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry , we demonstrate that testicular vascular endothelial growth factor A ( VEGF A ) , ang 1 , ang 2 , and the ang receptor tie 2 are expressed in the testis and that hormonal stimulation with hCG is accompanied by increased expression of VEGF A and ang 2 . ^^^ We therefore suggest that ang 1 stabilizes testicular microvessels under basal conditions and that a shift in this balance caused by increased ang 2 , together with increased VEGF A , allows vascular leakage , high endothelial cell proliferation , and presumably , vascular growth after hormonal stimulation . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two of the Angs , Ang 1 and Ang 4 , activate the Tie 2 receptor , whereas Ang 2 and Ang 3 inhibit Ang 1 induced Tie 2 phosphorylation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and angiopoietins ( Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) are endothelial cell specific vasculogenic and angiogenic growth factors , but their expression and roles in HCC have not been extensively explored . ^^^ The aim of this study was to determine the expression and cellular localization of VEGF , Ang 1 , and Ang 2 in specimens of resected human HCC using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining and to examine their relationship to microvessel density ( MVD ) and tumor size . ^^^ VEGF and Ang 2 were strongly expressed and localized predominantly to cancer cells , whereas Ang 1 was detected in supportive cells of large blood vessels , stromal cells , endothelial cells , and tumor cells . ^^^ Expression of the VEGF protein and the Ang 2 ( but not Ang 1 ) mRNA were strongly correlated with MVD ( P < . 05 , P = . 001 ) and tumor size ( P < . 05 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Because Ang 1 and converting enzyme analogues might be present in the distal nephron , this raises the possibility of intraluminal generation of Ang 2 . ^^^ Conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 was monitored by Ang 2 dependent changes in intracellular sodium concentration as a reflection of sodium transport across the apical membrane . ^^^ Also , the effects of Ang 1 on sodium transport were not significantly different from the effects of Ang 2 ( 10 ( 9 ) mol / L ) . ^^^ Ang 1 was used in micromolar concentrations to ensure that there was sufficient substrate available for conversion to Ang 2 . ^^^ These results suggest that intraluminal conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 can occur in the cortical collecting duct , resulting in enhanced apical sodium entry . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The influence of intracellular angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) on the process of cell communication was investigated in isolated cell pairs from the failing heart of cardiomyopathic hamsters at 2 and at 6 months of age . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recent studies have implicated the Tie 2 tyrosine kinase receptor and its main ligands angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) as crucial regulators of mural cell recruitment during angiogenesis . ^^^ Ang 1 and Ang 2 promote angiogenesis in this system , stimulating branching morphogenesis and mural cell assembly . ^^^ These cells responded chemotactically to Ang 1 and Ang 2 , and secreted MMP 2 when treated with these factors . ^^^ Immunoprecipitation showed phosphorylation of MPC Tie 2 on tyrosine residues upon stimulation with Ang 1 or Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In contrast , in vivo experiments in mice demonstrated that the selective inhibition of either the N domain or the C domain of ACE by these inhibitors prevents the conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 , while BK protection requires the inhibition of the two ACE active sites . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The metabolism of Ang 3 to Ang 4 by aminopeptidase M ( AlaAP ) and of Ang 1 to Ang 2 10 by aspartyl aminopeptidase ( AspAP ) was evaluated in the renal cortex and medulla of normotensive ( Sham operated ) and hypertensive ( G2K1C ) rats , treated or not with the AT ( 1 ) receptor antagonist valsartan . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Only a small decrease in the expression of VEGF and Ang 2 was detected in the pecten oculi upon inhibition of the proteasome , while no major changes were observed in the expression of other angiogenic molecules , such as KDR or Ang 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This suggests an increased metabolism of angiotensin ( Ang ) 1 and Ang 2 to des Asp 1 Ang 1 and Ang 3 , respectively . ^^^ Increased Ang 1 and Ang 2 metabolism in the anterior pituitary of hypothyroid rats and increased metabolism of Ang 3 in the hypothalamus of hyperthyroid animals may be related to alterations in the secretory function of hypothalamus and pituitary in these thyroid dysfunctions . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) belong to a novel family of endothelial growth factors that function as ligands for the endothelial specific receptor tyrosine kinase , Tie 2 . ^^^ Ang 1 reduces endothelial permeability of noncerebral vessels and has a major role in vascular stabilization and maturation , whereas Ang 2 is thought to be an endogenous antagonist of the action of Ang 1 at Tie 2 . ^^^ In addition , immunohistochemical detection of fibronectin was used to detect BBB breakdown at the lesion site and dual labeling was used to determine whether the vessels demonstrating BBB breakdown expressed endothelial Ang 1 or Ang 2 . ^^^ Endothelial Ang 1 and Tie 2 proteins were present in all cerebral vessels of normal brain including those of the choroid plexuses , whereas both these proteins as well as Ang 2 were present in choroid plexus epithelium and in ependymal cells , suggesting that angiopoietins have an autocrine effect on these cell types as well . ^^^ In contrast , in the early phase after injury during the known period of BBB breakdown , increased Ang 2 mRNA and protein and decreased endothelial Ang 1 and Tie 2 proteins were observed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present study shows the expression of Tie 2 receptors , Ang 1 , and its endogenous antagonist , Ang 2 in mouse adrenal in vivo . ^^^ No significant changes in Ang 2 were detected between control and DEX groups , resulting in an altered Ang 2 to Ang 1 relative ratio . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS AND RESULTS : The myocardial expression of VE cadherin / beta catenin , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and their receptor Tie 2 was examined in DCM , ischemic cardiomyopathy ( ICM ) , and in control subjects through the use of real time RT PCR , Western blotting , and immunocytochemistry . ^^^ Although Ang 1 was not changed , Ang 2 expression was downregulated and Tie 2 protein expression was upregulated both in DCM and ICM ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although , since its discovery , ACE has been known to convert Ang 1 to Ang 2 , and to inactivate bradykinin ( BK ) , only recently has been emerged evidence for a role of BK with renal protective and antifibrotic effects opposing Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : Several enzymes that hydrolyze angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and Ang 2 to Ang ( 1 7 ) have been identified , but their relative importance in the intact human heart is not known . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effluent dialysate concentrations of Ang 1 and Ang 2 were measured by radioimmunoassay and reported values were corrected for the equilibrium rates at this perfusion rate . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) , as well as the non specific angiogenesis inhibitor thrombospondin 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) are ligands for the endothelial cell specific receptor tyrosine kinase Tie 2 . ^^^ In this study we determined the mRNA expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 and Tie 2 by quantitative competitive RT / ( QC ) PCR ( including specifically designed competitor cDNA ) in biopsied human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle . ^^^ These findings were confirmed by the relative expression ratio of Ang 1 versus Ang 2 in a multiplex PCR . ^^^ The expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 and Tie 2 mRNA was detected in both isolated endometrial epithelial and stromal cell fractions . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| PURPOSE : Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) are major ligands for the endothelium specific tyrosine kinase receptor Tie 2 and are important regulators of endothelial cell survival . ^^^ In the present study , a human ovarian cancer cell line was used to investigate the possibility that Taxol might affect the expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and VEGF . ^^^ The expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and VEGF was assessed by quantitative real time RT PCR and Western blot analysis or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay . ^^^ The Ang 1 / Ang 2 gene expression ratio was significantly decreased by exposure to Taxol for 168 h ( P < 0 . 05 vs control cells ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To investigate whether high dietary sodium induced effects on vascular conversion of Ang 1 might be involved in the sodium induced blunting of the response to ACEi , the authors studied the vasoconstrictor responses to Ang 1 and Ang 2 of isolated aortic rings from healthy rats on low dietary sodium ( LS : 0 . 05 % NaCl ) and high dietary sodium ( HS : 2 . 0 % NaCl ) after 3 weeks of ACEi ( lisinopril 75 mg / L ) or vehicle ( CON ) . ^^^ Functional conversion of Ang 1 was assessed as the difference in dose response curves to Ang 1 and Ang 2 in parallel aortic rings . ^^^ Sodium intake did not affect the dose response curves to Ang 1 and Ang 2 in CON . ^^^ In the ACEi groups , a significant difference was present between the curves for Ang 1 and Ang 2 on LS ( deltaEC 50 , 6 . 7 nM ; range , 2 . 2 13 nM ; P < 0 . 01 ) but not on HS ( deltaEC 50 : 1 . 3 nM ; range , 0 . 0 4 . 1 nM , median [ interquartile range ] , NS ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS AND RESULTS : Angiotensinase activity in left and right ventricular membranes from 14 idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy ( IDC ) , 8 primary pulmonary hypertension ( PPH ) , and 13 nonfailing human hearts was measured with either 125I Ang 1 or 125I Ang 2 as substrate . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Ang ( 1 7 ) forming activity from both Ang 1 and Ang 2 was increased in failing human heart ventricles but was mediated by at least two different angiotensinases . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Aim : Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and its antagonist , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , are novel ligands that regulate the Tie 2 receptor . ^^^ In addition , the effects of hypoxic stimuli on Ang 1 , Ang 2 , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , and erythropoietin ( EPO ) expression was investigated in Hep3B cells . ^^^ RESULTS : Ang 1 , rather than Ang 2 , was more frequently expressed in the normal liver . ^^^ Ang 1 was expressed in 68 % of HCCs , whereas Ang 2 was expressed in 81 % , and was significantly higher in poorly differentiated HCCs characterised by high vascularity ( p = 0 . 02 ) , and in tumours with a peliotic change ( p = 0 . 02 ) . ^^^ In Hep3B cells , hypoxic stimuli upregulated VEGF and EPO , but not Ang 1 or Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of mRNA transcripts for the VEGF splice variants VEGF ( 121 ) , VEGF ( 189 ) , and VEGF ( 165 ) ; the receptors VEGF R 1 and VEGF R 2 ; the angiopoietins Ang 1 and Ang 2 ; and their receptor , Tie 2 , were measured in biopsy samples with multiplex polymerase chain reaction . ^^^ VEGF ( 121 ) was expressed in all samples , and VEGF ( 165 ) in 43 of 48 samples . mRNA expression of VEGF ( 189 ) ( P = . 001 ) , Ang 1 ( P = . 002 ) , and Ang 2 ( P = . 026 ) was found in more samples from unhealed ulcers than from other sites . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ACE transforms angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , and also promotes the degradation of bradykinin into inactive metabolites . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The postradiation changes of constriction effects of angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) on isolated preparations of thoracic aorta young and old rats which underwent gamma irradiation in dose 1 Gy ( 137Cs , 9 10 10 ( 4 ) Gy / s ) were investigated . ^^^ The inhibitory influence of endothelium on vasoconstriction effects of Ang 2 and Ang 1 in ontogenesis does not change . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The expression of angiopoietins 1 and 2 ( Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) has been documented in human malignant glioma . ^^^ The expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , VEGF , and Tie 2 , a member of the receptor tyrosine kinases and the natural receptor for both Ang 1 and Ang 2 , follows a distinct transcriptional profile in vivo . ^^^ The lack of concomitant expression of Ang 1 may underscore the unopposed endovascular induction by Ang 2 and VEGF resulting in the chaotic appearance and fragility of tumor vessels . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| STUDY DESIGN : We measured mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietin 1 and 2 ( Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) , their receptors VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , Tie 2 , fibroblast growth factor 2 ( FGF 2 ) , and its receptor FGF 2R in placental tissue of diabetes type 1 patients , in normal term placenta , and endometrium of non pregnant women by real time reverse transcriptase PCR . ^^^ We did not detect a significant difference in the expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 2 , VEGF , VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , FGF 2 , and FGF 2R in normal and diabetes type 1 placenta . ^^^ The expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 2 , VEGF , VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , FGF 2 , and FGF 2R was not different in normal and type 1 diabetes placenta . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The major metabolites of angiotensin ( Ang ) 1 by the rat renal mesangial cell extract at 37 degrees C , pH 7 . 4 , were Ang 1 9 and Ang 2 . ^^^ Quinaprilat did not influence the formation of Ang 1 9 , but it inhibited formation of Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In vitro binding data support the fact that both Ang 1 and Ang 2 bind with high avidity to muTek delta Fc . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and receptor VEGF R 2 , as well as Tie 2 and its ligands angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) were assessed by reverse transcription PCR . ^^^ Gene and protein expression of VEGF , Ang 1 , and Ang 2 were increased by angiotensin 2 infusion . ^^^ Ang 1 and Ang 2 gene but not protein expression were reduced by both treatments . ^^^ In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies localized VEGF , Ang 1 , and Ang 2 expression to the epithelial cells of the glomerulus , and VEGF R 2 and Tie 2 receptors to the endothelial cells of the kidney . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang ( 1 7 ) was administered in three concentrations ( 0 . 1 , 1 and 10 micromol / l ) to prevent Ang 1 and Ang 2 induced pressor responses and facilitation of noradrenaline release . ^^^ Ang ( 1 7 ) prevented Ang 1 and Ang 2 mediated changes in vascular resistance more potently in SHR SP than in WKY by inhibiting ACE and by blocking AT 1 receptors . ^^^ Ang ( 1 7 ) inhibited Ang 1 mediated facilitation of noradrenaline release more potently than Ang 2 mediated facilitation of noradrenaline release . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Ang ( 1 7 ) had a greater impact on Ang 1 and Ang 2 modulation of renal vascular resistance in SHR SP than in normotensive rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Investigation of metastatic foci using laser capture microdissection revealed that the RNA content of ANG 2 , but not ANG 1 , increased from the bordering liver region to the periphery of the metastatic disease , and also from the periphery to the intermediate portion of the metastatic lesion ; immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that there was a corresponding gradual increase in Ang 2 protein expression . ^^^ Western blot analysis suggested that expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 2 , and VEGF may be regulated at a transcriptional level . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 1 , and Tie 2 were measured immediately after ligation of the coronary artery , and at 6 h , 1 and 3 days , and 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 weeks after ligation by Northern blotting , Western blotting , and immunohistochemical staining . ^^^ In conclusion , Ang 2 and Tie 2 expressions significantly increased both spatial and temporal patterns after myocardial infarction in the rat ventricular myocardium , while Ang 1 and Tie 1 receptor expression did not . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Granulosa cells and thecal tissues in small ( < 4 mm ) , medium ( 4 5 mm ) or large ( > 5 mm ) individual follicles were collected for detection of mRNA expression of HGF , Ang 1 and Ang 2 in granulosa cells , and HGF receptor ( HGF R ) and Tie 2 in the theca cells by semi quantitative RT PCR . ^^^ The expression of Ang 1 mRNA declined in granulosa cells of medium and large follicles and the level of Ang 2 mRNA increased in granulosa cells of small follicles after eCG treatment . ^^^ The ratio of Ang 2 / Ang 1 increased in small , medium and large follicles from ovaries after eCG treatment , but Tie 2 mRNA expression in the theca cells did not change . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| One peptide , NLLMAAS , completely abolished the binding to Tie 2 of both angiopoietin 2 and angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| An important action of chymase is the ACE independent conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 , but chymase also degrades the extracellular matrix , activates TGF beta 1 and IL 1beta , forms 31 amino acid endothelins and is involved in lipid metabolism . ^^^ In human diseased blood vessels ( e . g . atherosclerotic and aneurysmal aorta ; remodeled pulmonary blood vessels ) , there are increases in chymase containing mast cells and / or in chymase dependent conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present study used immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to examine whether angiopoietin 1 and 2 ( Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) , ligands for Tie 2 , are also expressed in the RA synovium . ^^^ Ang 1 and Ang 2 were expressed in all of 15 RA synovial samples , and their distribution pattern was similar to that of Tie 2 . ^^^ Double immunohistochemistry revealed coexpression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Tie 2 in synovial components exhibiting proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunoreactivity . ^^^ In addition , Ang 1 and Ang 2 were preferentially expressed in vimentin positive fibroblastic cells . ^^^ Incubation with various concentrations of recombinant Ang 1 or Ang 2 did not alter DNA synthesis , but the ligands enhanced chemotactic migration of RA fibroblastic synoviocytes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiotensinogen , des ( Ang 1 ) AGT , tetradecapaptide renin substrate ( AGT 1 14 ) , Ang 1 , Ang 2 or Ang 3 , added to glioblastoma cells in culture , did not modulate their proliferation , survival or death . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| For this purpose , we investigated the effects of centrally administered angiotensin ( ANG ) 1 ( [ Asn ( 1 ) , Val ( 5 ) , Asn ( 9 ) ] ANG 1 ) and ANG 2 ( [ Asn ( 1 ) , Val ( 5 ) ] ANG 2 ) on heart rate ( HR ) and heart rate variability ( HRV ) in the unanesthetized trout . ^^^ The i . c . v . injections of ANG 1 and ANG 2 at doses of 5 and 50 pmol had a marked effect on HR and HRV . ^^^ At a dose of 50 pmol , ANG 1 and ANG 2 produced a progressive and significant increase in HR ( +36 % and+45 % , respectively ) but elicited a profound decrease in HRV ( 88 % and 92 % , respectively ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ACEI impairs the conversion of ANG 1 to ANG 2 , a dipsogenic hormone , and impairs the degradation of bradykinin . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We carried out a comparative investigation of the effects of Ang 2 and its precursor Ang 1 on collagen metabolism and proliferation in cultured human cardiac fibroblasts . ^^^ Cardiac fibroblasts responded to both Ang 1 and Ang 2 with concentration dependent increases in collagen synthesis but no proliferation . ^^^ In conclusion , Both Ang 1 and Ang 2 stimulate collagen synthesis of human cardiac fibroblasts , the effect of Ang 2 occurring via the AT ( 1 ) receptor whilst Ang 1 appears to exert a direct effect through non Ang 2 dependent mechanisms . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ANG 2 infusion into TP / mice reduced ANG 1 and increased aldosterone but caused a blunted increase in MAP ( TP / : +6 + / 2 vs . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| During coronary angiography coronary blood flow was measured and samples were obtained from aorta and coronary sinus for determination of Ang 1 and Ang 2 gradients . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : PRA , Angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , Angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , and Angiotensin ( 1 7 ) [ Ang ( 1 7 ) ] levels were significantly higher in renovascular hypertensive patients than in normotensive children ( 3 . 3 + / 1 . 2 vs 0 . 40 + / 0 . 22 ng Ang I / mL / hour , 81 . 4 + / 24 . 8 vs 26 . 4 + / 13 . 4 pg / mL , 59 . 3 + / 17 . 0 vs 21 . 4 + / 8 . 7 pg / mL , 41 . 0 + / 10 . 5 vs 16 . 2 + / 7 . 9 pg / mL , respectively ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ACE 2 cleaves a single residue from angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to generate Ang 1 9 , and degrades Ang 2 , the main effector of the RAS , to the vasodilator Ang 1 7 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study we investigated by RT PCR if the growth factors PGF , PDGF A , PDGF B , VEGF A , VEGF B , VEGF C , VEGF D , ANG 1 , ANG 2 , ANG 3 and ANG 4 are expressed in granulosa cells . ^^^ We show the expression of VEGF A , VEGF B , PDGF A , ANG 1 and ANG 2 in granulosa cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To gain further insight in the functional aspects of ANG 2 in the SCN , we investigated on the subcellular localization of the neuropeptide ANG 2 and its precursor ANG 1 in the SCN . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Separate infusions of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and 2 ( Ang 2 ) were administered , both at rates of 4 and 8 ng / kg / min . ^^^ RESULTS : Ang 1 and Ang 2 infusion dose dependently increased mean arterial blood pressure ( MAP ) and plasma aldosterone , and decreased plasma renin activity ( PRA ) and GFR at both diets . ^^^ Ang 1 and Ang 2 infusion resulted in a dose dependent decrease in the excretion of UFF , UFE , and of the UFF / UFE ratio at both diets , without changing the urinary ( THF + allo THF ) / THE ratio . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 2 is formed by cleavage of Ang 1 by angiotensin converting enzyme , but there is also evidence for non angiotensin converting enzyme dependent conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 . ^^^ Ang 1 was added to ex vivo cultures of peritoneal cells , and the generation of Ang 2 and other metabolites was analyzed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Apparently conflicting publications report increased , decreased or unchanged expression levels of both angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) in a wide range of tumours . ^^^ What becomes apparent is that although absolute levels of either angiopoietin may increase or decrease , the ratio of Ang 1 : Ang 2 shifts in favour of Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietins ( Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Ang 3 ) are the ligands of Tie 2 receptor tyrosine kinase . ^^^ The essential roles of Ang 1 and Tie 2 in embryonic angiogenesis have been established , and studies have demonstrated the involvement of Ang 1 and Ang 2 in tumor angiogenesis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Three angiopoietins have been identified so far , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , and angiopoietin 3 ( Ang 3 ) . ^^^ We have demonstrated recently that , unlike Ang 2 , Ang 1 binds to the extracellular matrix , which regulates the availability and activity of Ang 1 ( Xu , Y . , and Yu , Q . ( 2001 ) J . ^^^ In our current study , we demonstrated that , unlike Ang 1 and Ang 2 , Ang 3 is tethered on cell surface via heparan sulfate proteoglycans ( HSPGs ) , especially perlecan . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the RAS ( renin angiotensin system ) , Ang 1 ( angiotensin 1 ) is cleaved by ACE ( angiotensin converting enzyme ) to form Ang 2 ( angiotensin 2 ) , which has effects on blood pressure , fluid and electrolyte homoeostasis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The angiopoietin ( Ang ) family of growth factors includes Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Ang 3 , and Ang 4 , all of which bind to the endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase Tie 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS AND RESULTS : Plasma Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 2 , and VEGF levels were measured on admission ( baseline ) and at 48 hours ( acute stage ) in 126 patients with acute coronary syndrome ( 82 MI , 44 unstable angina pectoris ) . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Plasma Ang 2 , Tie 2 , and VEGF levels but not Ang 1 levels were increased in patients with acute coronary syndrome . ^^^ Serial changes in the plasma levels and interrelationships among Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 2 , and VEGF levels from the acute to the chronic stages in MI may reflect the progressive stages of angiogenesis activity in the ischemic necrotic myocardium in vivo . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ET 1 infused rats showed greater plasma renin activity ( 8 . 1+ / 0 . 8 Ang I / ml / h ) , and greater Ang 1 ( 122+ / 28 fmol / ml ) and Ang 2 levels ( 94+ / 13 fmol / ml ) than vehicle ( 0 . 9 % NaCl ) infused rats ( 3 . 1+ / 0 . 6 Ang I / ml / h , 45+ / 8 and 47+ / 7 fmol / ml , respectively , n=6 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To study a potential feedback system in the angiopoietin ( Ang ) Tie 2 system , the authors examined effects of Ang 1 and Ang 2 on Tie 2 expression on human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVECs ) with or without stimulation by a potent inflammatory cytokine , tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ) . ^^^ Ang 1 , but not Ang 2 , down regulated Tie 2 expression on HUVECs without TNF alpha stimulation . ^^^ Both Ang 1 and Ang 2 attenuated TNF alpha induced Tie 2 up regulation . ^^^ Regulation of Tie 2 expression by Ang 1 or Ang 2 was not dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietins ( Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) modulate the activity of the endothelial cell ( EC ) specific receptor tyrosine kinase Tie 2 , which together with vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF A ) and its EC specific receptors , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , regulate normal physiological vessel development . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we investigated alterations of the gene expression of Ang 1 and Ang 2 in the retinas of streptozotocin ( STZ ) induced diabetic rats . ^^^ METHODS : In situ hybridization , reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) and western blot analyses were performed to determine the mRNA and protein content for Ang 1 and Ang 2 and the Tie 2 receptor in the retinas of STZ diabetic and age matched control rats . ^^^ RESULTS : Using in situ hybridization analysis , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Tie 2 mRNA expression was observed in the ganglion cell layer ( GCL ) and the inner nuclear layer ( INL ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) bind to the endothelial specific receptor tyrosine kinase , TIE 2 . ^^^ Ang 2 has been suggested to be an antagonist of TIE 2 , possibly acting to release endothelial cells from the tonic stabilizing influence of Ang 1 . ^^^ RESULTS : At 24 h , Ang 1 mRNA and protein expression within the infarct and peri infarct regions were decreased compared to non infarcted myocardium , whereas Ang 2 mRNA levels were markedly increased and TIE 2 expression was unchanged . ^^^ At 1 week , Ang 1 expression was partially restored , whereas Ang 2 expression remained elevated . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Thus , myocardial ischemia induced by left coronary artery ligation resulted in a sustained increase in Ang 2 expression and a reciprocal decrease in Ang 1 , consistent with a predominant role for Ang 2 in the angiogenic response to MI . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and 2 ( Ang 2 ) are endothelial growth factors that bind to the tyrosine kinase receptor Tie 2 and contribute to orchestrate blood vessel formation during angiogenesis . ^^^ In contrast , Ang 2 is classically considered as a Tie 2 antagonist , counteracting the stabilizing action of Ang 1 . ^^^ We observed that both Ang 1 and Ang 2 increased these biologic activities . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : Derangements in the balance of the Tie 2 receptor ligands , angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) , have been implicated in the growth and differentiation of several human tumors . ^^^ Semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was applied to individual pool components to specifically determine expression of Tie 2 , Ang 1 , and Ang 2 . ^^^ RESULTS : Microarray data showed that Ang 2 was upregulated in neuroendocrine tumors ( approximately 8 times more than normal ) and adenocarcinoma of the pancreas ( approximately 5 times more than normal ) although Ang 1 and Tie 2 were not differentially expressed . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Although Tie 2 and Ang 1 are not differentially expressed in pancreatic tumors , Ang 2 gene and gene product are overexpressed , suggesting a significant role for Ang 2 in pancreatic tumorigenesis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : MMP 2 , MMP 9 , uPA , PAI 1 , IGF 2 , BFGF , VEGF , ANG 1 , IRS 1 , and TSP 1 were significantly ( p < or =0 . 05 ) upregulated in CIS and INV , whereas TIMP 1 , ANG 2 , MASPIN , IGF 1 R and HBEGF were unchanged . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Utilizing mass spectrometry , incubation of isolated PSTs with ANG 1 ( 10 ( 6 ) M ) led to generation of ANG 1 7 ( sensitivity of detection > 1 10 10 ( 9 ) M ) , accompanied by the formation of ANG 1 8 ( ANG 2 ) and ANG 1 9 . ^^^ Incubation of PSTs with ANG 2 or luminal perfusion of ANG 2 did not result in detection of ANG 1 7 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ET , Ang 1 , Ang 2 in the serum , the MDA content , SOD activity , NO level , the recovery rate of coronary flow ( CF ) and heart rate ( HR ) after reperfusion and CK , XO from the myocardial cells were observed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunohistochemical staining of uteri and pituitaries was performed under strictly controlled conditions for VEGF and its receptor VEGFR 2 , Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 and their tyrosine kinase receptor Tie 2 , and platelet endothelial adhesion factor ( as an index of vascularity ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 2 antibodies showed specificity for Ang 2 , while the Ang 1 antibodies showed binding properties for Ang 1 , 2 , and Renin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS : We measured plasma VEGF , Ang 1 , and Ang 2 alongside plasma von Willebrand factor ( vWf ) and urine albumin to creatinine ratio ( marking endothelial damage / dysfunction ) and interleukin ( IL ) 6 in 94 patients ( 38 with overt cardiovascular disease [ CVD ] ) with diabetes and 34 normal control subjects . ^^^ RESULTS : Plasma vWf ( P=0 . 009 ) , IL 6 ( P < 0 . 001 ) , VEGF ( P=0 . 001 ) , and Ang 2 ( P=0 . 001 ) , but not Ang 1 ( P=0 . 635 ) , were higher in diabetic patients with and without CVD than in control subjects . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Plasma Ang 2 ( but not Ang 1 ) , like VEGF levels , are selectively elevated in patients with diabetes and are associated with indexes of endothelial damage / dysfunction , regardless of vascular disease . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN : Real time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR was used to measure levels of mRNA of tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis related factors [ vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) A , VEGF C , VEGF D , Flt 1 , KDR , Flt 4 , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 1 , Tie 2 , cyclooxygenase 2 , fibroblast growth factor 2 ( FGF 2 ) , Egr 1 , Prox 1 , and LYVE 1 ] in tumor specimens of 16 inflammatory breast cancer and 20 noninflammatory breast cancer patients . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Up regulated genes include vasculogenic growth factors such as VEGFA , VEGFC , FIGF ( VEGFD ) , ANG 1 , ANG 2 , TGFbeta 3 , and PDGFB , as well as the related receptors FLT 1 , FLT 4 , PDGFRB , TGFbetaR 2 , and TGFbetaR 3 , other markers such as CD 34 , VCAM 1 , PECAM 1 , VE CAD , and transcription factors TAL 1 , GATA 2 , and GATA 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To get insights into the molecular genetic pathways and the biological role of angiogenesis in urothelial carcinogenesis , we analyzed comparatively the expression of the mRNA of the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and of the angiopoietins 1 and 2 ( Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) in 71 transitional cell carcinomas ( TCC ) of the urinary bladder in relation to the tumor grades and stages , and referring to epidemiological risk factors . ^^^ A significantly 3 and 2 fold respectively , drop of the VEGF and Ang 2 mRNA expression in conjunction with a 2 fold significantly higher expression of Ang 1 mRNA in the group of grade 2 TCC when infiltrating the muscle layer may represent a crucial event during urothelial carcinogenesis , and possibly indicates an important step in promoting the conversion of bladder cancer from a low to a high malignancy in this subset of carcinomas . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here , we report that primary murine mast cells express angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and low levels of VEGF A but not Ang 2 and that 2 established murine plasmacytoma cell lines express high levels of VEGF A but little or no Ang 1 or Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Brachial artery function was assessed by bilateral venous occlusion plethysmography using intra arterial infusions of the endothelial dependent vasoconstrictors , angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , to measure vascular angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) and Ang 2 receptor response respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both losartan and eprosartan increased plasma levels of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Ang ( 2 8 ) , and eprosartan increased Ang ( 3 8 ) levels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The angiopoietins , Ang 1 and Ang 2 , and their common receptor , Tie 2 or Tek , constitute another signaling system that regulates angiogenesis , and which interacts with VEGF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Messenger RNA expression of von Willebrand factor ( vWF ) ; smooth muscle alpha actin ( SMA+ ) ; platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 ( PECAM 1 ) ; vascular endothelium cadherin ( VE Cad ) ; endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ) ; vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 ( VCAM 1 ) ; tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ) ; matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP 9 , MMP 12 , and MMP 14 ) , and tissue inhibitors of MMPs ( TIMPs : TIMP 1 , TIMP 2 , TIMP 3 , TIMP 4 ) ; angiopoietins ( Ang 1 , Ang 2 ) ; and receptors Tie 1 and Tie 2 , were analyzed with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction 2 , 6 , and 15 days after surgery . ^^^ Coil occlusion , with or without recanalization , was followed by decreased expression of vWf , VE Cad , eNOS , VCAM 1 , MMP 2 , TIMP 1 , and TIMP 2 ; stable expression of PECAM 1 , SMA+ , and TIMP 3 ; and overexpression of Ang 1 and Ang 2 , MMP 9 , MMP 14 , and TIMP 4 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Brain angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , Ang 2 , Tie 1 , Tie 2 , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , VEGF R 1 , and VEGF R 2 mRNA levels were determined by RNAse protection assays , and CD 31 positive vessels were counted . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| DESIGN AND METHODS : Renal expression of VEGF , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and their receptors , VEGF R 2 and Tie 2 , were assessed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction , immunohistochemistry and Western blotting , in control and streptozotocin diabetic rats , untreated or receiving the AT 1 receptor antagonist , valsartan , or the AT 2 receptor antagonist , PD 123319 . ^^^ RESULTS : Diabetes was associated with increased gene and protein expression of VEGF , VEGF R 2 , Ang 1 , Ang 2 and Tie 2 . ^^^ AT 1 receptor antagonism attenuated gene expression of these cytokines and receptors , yet PD 123319 , which had no effect on blood pressure , reduced VEGF R 2 and Ang 1 gene expression and decreased VEGF , Ang 1 and Ang 2 protein levels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Also , unlike Ang 2 , increased expression of Ang 1 had no effect on established retinal or choroidal NV . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The angiopoietins Ang 1 and Ang 2 have been identified as ligands of the endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase Tie 2 , which controls vascular assembly and endothelial quiescence . ^^^ The largely complementary phenotypes of Ang 1 deficient mice and Ang 2 overexpressing mice have led to an antagonistic model in which Ang 1 acts as Tie 2 activating agonist and Ang 2 acts as a Tie 2 inhibiting antagonist . ^^^ To date , no mechanistic equivalent of the antagonistic Ang 1 / Ang 2 model has been established and the mechanisms of Ang 2 function in particular remain mysterious . ^^^ We have studied the effector functions of Ang 1 and Ang 2 on quiescent endothelial cells using a three dimensional co culture model of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells . ^^^ Exogenous Ang 2 mediated endothelial cell detachment can be rescued by Ang 1 , soluble Tie 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The HPLC analysis of the glomerular extracts demonstrated that exogenous ANG 1 was converted into various ANG peptides including ANG 2 , ANG 1 9 , and ANG 1 7 . ^^^ A significant increase in formation of ANG 2 from exogenous ANG 1 was observed in STZ rats compared with control rats . ^^^ Preincubation of glomerular extracts with captopril resulted in a 20 30 % decrease in ANG 2 conversion from exogenous ANG 1 in diabetic and control rats . ^^^ The possible role of ANG 1 9 in formation of ANG 2 was examined by HPLC . ^^^ Exogenous ANG 1 9 in glomerular extracts was converted into ANG 2 , this conversion being significantly higher in STZ rats than in control rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recently it has been shown that Ang 2 is crucial for the formation of lymphatic vasculature and that defects in lymphangiogenesis seen in Ang 2 mutant mice are rescued by Ang 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| PATIENTS AND METHODS : We investigated the expression of VEGF A , VEGF C , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , and the receptor Tie 2 by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in a cohort of 90 patients younger than 61 years with de novo AML entered into the German AML Sddeutsche Hmoblastose Gruppe Hannover 95 trial . ^^^ Subgroup analysis suggested that the prognostic impact of Ang 2 expression was especially evident in cohorts with low VEGF C and Ang 1 mRNA levels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The incorporation of GFP positive cells into the vascular architecture was visualized by fluorescence confocal microscopy in conjunction with the transcription profiles of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and angiopoietin 1 and 2 ( Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) . ^^^ This coincided with a decline in the expression of Ang 1 and a rise in the expression of VEGF and Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It was hypothesized that chymase may participate in hemodialysis vascular access dysfunction , as chymase has been known to be an effective enzyme in the conversion of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to Ang 2 and in the latent TGF beta 1 to the active form . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| On release from cardiac mast cells , alpha chymase converts angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) to Ang 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVE : The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the aminopeptidase inhibitor with broad specificity , bestatin , affects angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) or angiotensin 3 ( Ang 3 ) stimulated collagen gel contraction in cardiac fibroblasts . ^^^ These fibroblasts ( 100 , 000 cells ) were then further incubated in a floating collagen gel lattice with the test products Ang 1 ( 1 micromol / L ) , Ang 2 ( 100 nmol / L ) , Ang 3 ( 100 nmol / L ) and bestatin ( 100 micromol / L ) for three days in DMEM without FBS . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS AND RESULTS : In normal renal tissue , the expression of ANG 1 was apparent in the glomerular capillaries and podocytes as well as in the endothelial cells of vessels , whereas we observed no expression of ANG 2 . ^^^ Immunohistochemical study demonstrated marked production of ANG 1 in fibroblasts and ANG 2 expression in cancer cells when we performed co culture , but no expression of either in each monoculture . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neovascularization was determined by immunostaining for the endothelial cell specific CD 31 , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF A ) , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha ( HIF alpha ) , and the sections were quantified blindly . ^^^ No difference of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , HIF 1 alpha was found between groups . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In adults , Ang 1 is associated with blood vessel stabilization and recruitment of perivascular cells , whereas Ang 2 acts to counter these actions . ^^^ Recent results from gene targeted mice have shown that Ang 2 is also essential for the proper patterning of lymphatic vessels and that Ang 1 can be substituted for this function . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Incubation of HMC in HG resulted in a 1 . 6 fold increase in Ang 1 ( p < 0 . 05 ) and a 1 . 4 fold increase in Ang 2 levels ( p < 0 . 05 ) in cell lysates . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we generated several Ang 1 and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) variants to define the role of the superclustering and oligomerization domains of the Ang 1 protein . ^^^ Ang 1 exists as heterogeneous multimers with basic trimeric , tetrameric , and pentameric oligomers , whereas Ang 2 exists as trimeric , tetrameric , and pentameric oligomers . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : In cultured HPMC , the expression of mRNAs for angiotensinogen , angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) , Ang 2 type 1 receptor ( AT 1 ) , and TGF beta 1 was evaluated by real time polymerase chain reaction ; ACE , AT 1 , and fibronectin proteins by Western blot analysis ; and Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and TGF beta 1 proteins by ELISA . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ANG 2 infusion increased systolic blood pressure ( BP ; 178 + / 4 vs . 122 + / 1 mmHg ; P < 0 . 001 ) and suppressed plasma renin activity ( PRA ; 0 . 08 + / 0 . 1 vs . 5 . 3 + / 0 . 8 ng ANG 1 10 ml ( 1 ) 10 h ( 1 ) ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We show herein that Ang 2 , but not Ang 1 , induces edema formation in the mouse paw in a dose dependent manner ; the edema seems to be fast peaking ( maximum at 30 min ) and resolves within 4 h . ^^^ The effect of Ang 2 is blocked by the coadministration with a soluble form of the Tie 2 receptor or Ang 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To provide a firm basis for the new paradigm of drug discovery based on peptide cleaving catalysts , oligopeptide cleaving catalysts were searched for by using human angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) as the substrates . ^^^ On incubation with SS Co ( 3 ) 10 and S Co ( 3 ) Y , both Ang 1 and Ang 2 were cleaved by oxidative decarboxylation instead of peptide hydrolysis : the N terminal Asp residues of Ang 1 and Ang 2 were converted to pyruvate residues . ^^^ Detailed kinetics analysis suggested that Ang 1 and Ang 2 can be cleaved with half lives much less than 1 h if the structures of the chelating ligands of the catalysts are further improved . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS AND PATIENTS : we measured plasma Ang 1 and Ang 2 alongside VEGF ( all by ELISA ) in 96 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( 41 with and 56 without overt CVD ) who were compared to 35 age and sex comparable healthy controls . ^^^ RESULTS : Ang 2 ( but not Ang 1 ) was higher in patients with diabetes compared to controls ( p < 0 . 01 ) , with no significant difference between patients with and without CVD . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| No significant effect was observed after intravitreal application of sTie 2 ( p = 0 . 07 ) , although Ang 2 was upregulated in control animals without treatment as neovascularization developed and Ang 1 was constantly transcribed ( ratio PCR ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| AIMS : Angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) 2 catalyses the cleavage of angiotensin ( Ang ) 1 to Ang 1 9 and of Ang 2 to Ang 1 7 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS AND RESULTS : Ang 1 and Ang 2 concentrations were determined in arterial and coronary sinus ( CS ) plasma samples in a group of normotensive ( n = 10 ) and hypertensive ( n = 18 ) subjects . ^^^ Arterial and CS concentrations of Ang 1 and Ang 2 were similar in both groups ( Ang 2 CS , 5 . 8 + / 4 . 0 versus 3 . 7 + / 3 . 1 fmol / ml ; P = not significant ) , as was the Ang II / Ang 1 ratio ( CS , 0 . 56 + / 0 . 17 versus 0 . 54 + / 0 . 22 fmol / fmol ; P = not significant ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ANG 2 production was quantified in kidney homogenates by incubating at 37 degrees C for 60 min with enzyme substrate ( 200 microm ANG 1 ) alone or substrate containing the chymase inhibitor chymostatin . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Constitutive expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and their receptor Tie 2 was detected at both the mRNA and protein level in all the pituitary glands studied . ^^^ Of interest was the localization of both Ang 1 and Ang 2 in scattered PAS positive adenohypophysial cells rather than in endothelial cells . ^^^ Confocal microscopy showed colocalization of both Ang 1 and Ang 2 proteins within the same adenohypophysial cells . ^^^ In the posterior pituitary , strong Ang 1 signal observed in vascular endothelial cells masked the weak Ang 2 signal , a pattern that is similar to that reported in brain endothelial cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The aim of the study was to determine the source of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) in hematoma fluid of patients suffering from chronic subdural hematoma ( CSH ) and to identify the level of gene expression of the pro angiogenic factors angiopoietin 1 ( ANG 1 ) and ANG 2 in hematoma membranes . ^^^ The mRNA species analyzed include VEGF and its receptors , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , and ANG 1 , ANG 2 and their receptor , Tie 2 . ^^^ In membrane samples , mRNA encoding for VEGF and its receptors was only inconsistently detected while the mRNA species encoding for ANG 1 , ANG 2 , and Tie 2 were found throughout all samples . ^^^ The mean ratio of ANG 1 / ANG 2 mRNA expression was 0 . 48 as opposed to 1 . 9 in a normal human brain tissue sample . ^^^ A marked increase in the expression of ANG 2 mRNA over ANG 1 mRNA demonstrates a pro angiogenic pattern in the hematoma membranes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Human chymase generated Ang 2 from Ang 1 without further degradation , whereas the chymases of other species generated Ang 2 , followed by degradation at the Tyr 4 Ile5 site in a time dependent manner . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang ( 1 7 ) can be formed from Ang 2 or directly from Ang 1 . ^^^ This enzyme can form Ang ( 1 7 ) from Ang 2 or less efficiently by the hydrolysis of Ang 1 to Ang ( 1 9 ) with subsequent Ang ( 1 7 ) formation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| AIM : To determine plasma levels of angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 1 , Ang 2 ) , their soluble receptor Tie 2 , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , its soluble receptor Flt 1 ( as indices of angiogenesis ) , and von Willebrand factor ( vWf , marking endothelial damage / dysfunction ) in sickle cell disease ( SCD ) patients with proliferative sickle retinopathy ( PSR ) , with non proliferative retinopathy ( NPR ) , or no retinopathy ( NR ) and in control subjects with normal haemoglobin ( AA subjects ) . ^^^ RESULTS : Ang 1 , Ang 2 , VEGF , and vWf ( but not Tie 2 or sFlt 1 ) were raised in SCD patients compared to AA subjects ( p < 0 . 01 ) but there were no differences among the three SCD subgroups . ^^^ Plasma Ang 2 , VEGF , sFlt 1 , and vWf levels did not change , but Ang 1 fell and Tie 2 rose significantly following PRP therapy . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : SCD patients have raised plasma angiopoietins ( Ang 1 , Ang 2 ) , VEGF , and vWf compared to AA subjects . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| DESIGN : The functional relevance of ACE dependent and NEP dependent generation and degradation of ANG 2 on NA overflow was determined in pithed rats by applications of ANG 1 ( 0 . 1 100 microg / kg ) or ANG 2 ( 0 . 01 10 microg / kg ) after single injections of ramipril ( 1 mg / kg ) , the NEP inhibitor candoxatril ( 100 mg / kg ) , or the vasopeptidase inhibitor omapatrilat ( 30 mg / kg ) . ^^^ After acute application , the vasopeptidase inhibitor suppresses NA release in response to ANG 1 due to a predominant reduction of ANG 2 formation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| At the early stage ( day 6 ) , glomerular expression of VEGF and receptors flk 1 and flt 1 as well as Ang 1 , and receptor Tie 2 were increased , and glomerular monocyte infiltration and the expression of angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , a natural antagonist of Ang 1 , were reduced . ^^^ Considering the known proangiogenic effect of Ang 2 and that angiogenic glomerular capillary repair is required for the recovery of damaged glomeruli in rat anti Thy 1 . 1 nephritis , we hypothesized that Ang 2 infusion starting prior to the initiation of nephritis may induce the expression of angiogenic growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , resulting in the increased glomerular capillary area in the early phase . ^^^ CONCLUSION : These results demonstrate that infusion of exogenous Ang 2 starting prior to the induction of nephritis activates VEGF and Ang 1 signaling regulated via both Ang 2 receptors , potentially leading to the accelerated recovery of injured glomerular endothelial cells in the early phase of anti Thy 1 . 1 nephritis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , murine macrophages constitutively expressed both transcripts and protein for Ang 2 but not Ang 1 or Ang 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The ability of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and 2 ( Ang 2 ) to induce directly protein degradation in skeletal muscle has been studied in murine myotubes . ^^^ Total protein degradation , induced by both Ang 1 and Ang 2 , was attenuated by the proteasome inhibitors lactacystin ( 5 microM ) and MG 132 ( 10 microM ) , suggesting that the effect was mediated through upregulation of the ubiquitin proteasome proteolytic pathway . ^^^ Both Ang 1 and Ang 2 stimulated an increased proteasome ' chymotrypsin like ' enzyme activity as well as an increase in protein expression of 20S proteasome alpha subunits , the 19S subunits MSS 1 and p 42 , at the same concentrations as those inducing protein degradation . ^^^ The effect of Ang 1 was attenuated by imidaprilat , confirming that it arose from conversion to Ang 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the early phase postinjury , blood brain barrier ( BBB ) breakdown at the lesion site is associated with decreased endothelial Ang 1 and increased Ang 2 expression , raising the possibility that Ang 2 may have a role in early BBB breakdown . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Hypertensive patients had higher levels of plasma VEGF , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 2 and platelet VEGF ( all P < or=0 . 01 ) , but not platelet Ang 1 , when compared with normotensive controls . ^^^ Amongst the hypertensives , plasma levels of VEGF correlated significantly with Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 2 and platelet VEGF , whilst platelet VEGF correlated strongly with plasma levels of VEGF and Ang 1 ( all P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : In tension study , contractility in response to ANG 1 , ANG 2 , ANG 3 and ANG 4 was enhanced in diabetic clitoral cavernosum strips ( EC 50 was 67 . 6 + / 27 . 2 , 4 . 3 + / 0 . 4 , 189 . 3 + / 37 . 3 , 443 . 2 + / 0 . 4 nM for diabetic versus 155 . 2 + / 76 . 1 , 38 . 3 + / 0 . 1 , 528 . 0 + / 75 . 2 , 616 . 9 + / 69 . 5 nM for sham , respectively ) . ^^^ The binding affinities were enhanced in diabetic clitoral cavernosum for ANG 2 ( dissociation constant , 4 . 9 + / 1 . 0 for sham versus 0 . 9 + / 0 . 2 nM for diabetic ) and for ANG 1 , ANG 3 , and ANG 4 ( inhibitory constant , 28 . 6 + / 1 . 5 , 398 . 7 + / 157 . 2 , and 3966 . 5 + / 1524 . 1 nM for sham versus 20 . 6 + / 5 . 7 , 78 . 5 + / 23 . 7 , and 1098 . 7 + / 195 . 5 nM , for diabetic , respectively , all p < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Peak height or area under curve for TDP , Ang 1 , and angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) peaks are measured . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These phenotypes depend strongly on p110gamma rather than on p85alpha and were associated with decreased expression of Ang 1 , VCAM 1 , connexin 40 , and ephrinB 2 but increased expression of Ang 2 , VEGF A , VEGFR 1 , and VEGFR 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In untreated pigs , adrenal 125I Ang 2 was 17 + / 1 times arterial 125I Ang 2 , and tissue Ang 1 and 2 were 5 + / 1 and 388 + / 40 times higher than plasma Ang 1 and 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 2 expression with low Ang 1 expression was found during the early luteal phase . ^^^ Thereafter , increasing Ang 1 expression during the midluteal phase , declining Ang 1 expression with continued Ang 2 expression during the late luteal phase , and relatively high Ang 1 expression in early pregnancy were observed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVE : To study the expression of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) in human placentas of dizygotic dichorionic twins in relation to fetal growth . ^^^ A quantitative assessment of the placental expression of Ang 1 and Ang 2 was done using quantitative PCR . ^^^ RESULTS : Ang 1 and Ang 2 were expressed in the placentas . ^^^ We found a significant positive correlation between birth weight and expression of both Ang 1 and Ang 2 ( p < 0 . 009 , p < 0 . 011 , respectively ) . ^^^ We suggest that placental expression of Ang 1 and Ang 2 may have an important role in fetal growth in twin pregnancy . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Effects of [ Pro 11 D Ala 12 ] Ang 1 ( PDA ) , an Ang 1 converting enzyme ( ACE ) resistant biologically inactive precursor of Ang 2 were blocked by chymostatin or N acetyl Ala Ala Pro Leu chloromethylketone ( elastase 2 inhibitor ) in carotid artery . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) bind the receptor tyrosine kinase Tie 2 . ^^^ However , while Ang 1 signaling results in the stabilization of vessel structure , Ang 2 has been linked to vascular instability . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : Plasma levels of von Willebrand factor ( vWF , an index of endothelial damage / dysfunction ) and tissue factor ( TF , an index of coagulation ) , as well as the angiogenic factors , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay ( ELISA ) in 59 chronic AF patients . ^^^ RESULTS : Plasma vWF , VEGF and Ang 2 were significantly higher in AF patients compared to healthy controls ( P=0 . 005 , P=0 . 0055 and P < 0 . 0001 respectively ) but there were no significant differences in plasma Ang 1 or TF levels between the two groups ( P=0 . 925 and P=0 . 121 respectively ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here , we determined the serum concentration of angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , a natural antagonist of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) involved in promoting angiogenesis in the presence of angiogenic stimuli such as vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , in women with preeclampsia . ^^^ METHODS : The levels of serum Ang 2 and Tie 2 , a receptor for Ang 1 expressed on endothelial cells , were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study the expressions of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , 2 ( Ang 2 ) were compared by immunohistochemistry in 53 gastric cancer and 23 normal gastric mucosa samples . ^^^ In addition , Ang 2 as well as its receptor Tie 2 expressions were higher in 12 pairs of gastric cancer tissue samples than those in corresponding adjacent samples by Western blot , while Ang 1 expression showed great heterogeneity . ^^^ Furthermore , the expressions of Ang 1 and Ang 2 were almost positive in eight gastric cancer cell lines . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma renin activity ( PRA ) and Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and bradykinin concentrations were measured at baseline and 4 h after the administration of candesartan . ^^^ In the HRT group , significant increases were found in PRA , Ang 1 , and Ang 2 ( all P < . 05 ) and a significant decrease in bradykinin ( P < . 01 ) with candesartan treatment . ^^^ In the control group , candesartan as associated with an increase in PRA ( P < . 05 ) but not in Ang 1 , Ang 2 , or bradykinin . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Measures of renal excretory variables included assessing excretion rates of angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , Ang 2 and Ang ( 1 7 ) while blood collected at the completion of the study was used for measures of plasma angiotensin concentrations . ^^^ Lisinopril augmented plasma levels and urinary excretion rates of Ang 1 and Ang ( 1 7 ) , while plasma Ang 2 was reduced with no effect on urinary Ang 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and Angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) are angiogenic growth factors expressed in the placenta , and compete for binding to a common receptor , Tunica interna endothelial cell kinase 2 ( Tie 2 ) . ^^^ Our objective was to examine Ang 1 , Ang 2 and Tie 2 expression in ovine placental tissue obtained from normal and FGR pregnancies throughout gestation . ^^^ Fetal cotyledon and maternal caruncle tissue concentrations of Ang 1 , Ang 2 and Tie 2 mRNA were assessed by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and protein concentrations were assessed by Western immunoblot analysis , at 55 , 90 and 135 d gestational age ( dGA ) . ^^^ Concentrations of Ang 1 , Ang 2 and Tie 2 mRNA in FGR fetal cotyledons were increased at 55 dGA , and Tie 2 mRNA concentrations were decreased in FGR fetal cotyledons and maternal caruncles at 135 dGA . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The angiopoietins Ang 1 and Ang 2 have been implicated in the regulation of this process ; recent reports have suggested that a net gain in Ang 2 activity may be an initiating factor for tumor angiogenesis . ^^^ We examined the recruitment of bone marrow derived endothelial precursor cells into developing tumor neovasculature , and the spatial relationship between these cells and angiopoietin ( Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) expression . ^^^ In the tumor , significant colocalization of Ang 2 with GFP+ / CD34+ cells was noted ( > 80 % ) , but colocalization with Ang 1 never exceeded 20 % . ^^^ In normal tissue directly surrounding the tumor , GFP+ / CD34+ cells colocalized strongly with both angiopoietins ( > 75 % and > 70 % for Ang 1 and Ang 2 , respectively ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BP responses to exogenous Ang 1 were diminished in Ts , Gs , and Pg mice , whereas those to Ang 2 were the same in the different strains . ^^^ Plasma and renal tissue Ang 1 of all transgenic mouse strains was significantly higher than WT , whereas Ang 2 levels were generally lower ; aldosterone levels were significantly lower than WT in Ts mice but not in the two other transgenic strains . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : We determined the effect of Ang 1 ( 3 . 10 ( 6 ) mol / L ) in the absence and presence of the converting enzyme inhibitor , captopril ( 10 ( 5 ) mol / L ) in cerebral arterioles of male Wistar rats ( open skull preparation ) , and those of Ang 2 ( 3 . 10 ( 12 ) to 3 . 10 ( 6 ) mol / L ) in the absence and presence of the Ang 2 receptor ( AT 1 ) antagonist , telmisartan ( 10 ( 5 ) mol / L ) or the AT 2 antagonist , PD 123319 ( 10 ( 5 ) mol / L ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In cultured choroidal endothelial cells we found that TNF alpha increased Ang 2 mRNA ( increased transcription ) and protein levels prior to those of Ang 1 and VEGF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Incubation of the cells with Ang 1 , an agent that activates the PI 3 K / Akt pathway in EC , reduced Ang 2 release . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) effects maturation and stabilization of newly formed blood vessels , while Ang 2 produces the opposite effect by allowing vascular remodeling . ^^^ An immunohistochemical study showed both Ang 1 and Ang 2 expression in luteal cells . mRNA and protein levels of Ang 1 were significantly higher on days 12 and 15 than those on days 3 and 21 , whereas there was no significant change in Ang 2 expression . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This study tests the hypothesis that abnormalities in plasma indices of angiogenesis , such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ( VEGF ) and angiopoietins ( Ang 1 , Ang 2 ) , as well as their soluble receptors Flt 1 ( sFlt 1 ) and Tie 2 ( sTie 2 ) respectively , are present in women with in pregnancy induced hypertension ( PIH ) . ^^^ Results show that levels of plasma VEGF , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , sFlt 1 and Tie 2 were significantly different between the study groups . ^^^ Post hoc analyses revealed plasma Ang 1 was highest in the preeclampsia group ( p < 0 . 001 ) , whilst Ang 2 was highest in the normotensive pregnant group ( p =0 . 018 ) . ^^^ Abnormal indices of angiogenesis are evident in PIH and preeclampsia , with higher levels of sFlt 1 and lower levels of VEGF ; in PIH , increased levels of Ang 1 and Tie 2 , but reduced Ang 2 , are evident compared to normal pregnancy . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , there were no significant changes in the levels of Ang 1 or Ang 2 in IPAH or APAH samples vs those in control subjects . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Supernatant and cell lysate Ang 1 and Ang 2 levels were extremely low . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Bortezomib triggered a dose dependent inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and interleukin 6 ( IL 6 ) secretion by the MMECs , and reverse transcriptase PCR confirmed drug related down regulation of VEGF , IL 6 , insulin like growth factor 1 , Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , and Ang 2 transcription . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although plasma ANG 2 levels were not different between strains , circulating levels of ANG ( 1 7 ) were 270 % higher and ANG 1 concentrations were 40 % lower in the mRen2 . ^^^ For both strains , MED ANG 2 , ANG 1 , and ANG ( 1 7 ) were significantly higher than CORT levels . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Meanwhile , mRNA for Ang 1 and Ang 2 was found in the SEC and HSC fractions , but was more prominent in the latter . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The angiopoietins Ang 1 and Ang 2 have been identified as ligands of the receptor tyrosine kinase Tie 2 ( refs . 1 , 2 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Tumor angiogenesis was assessed by microvessel density ( MVD ) using the anti CD 34 antibody , and the expression of VEGF , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and TSP 1 was determined by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ A total of 75 . 6 % cases were positive for VEGF expression , 36 % for Ang 1 , 57 . 6 % for Ang 2 and 45 . 5 % for TSP 1 . ^^^ There was no significant correlation between VEGF , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and TSP 1 expression and tumor size , capsule formation , infiltration of capsule , portal vein invasion , intrahepatic metastasis or CCC differentiation . ^^^ There was no significant correlation between MVD levels , VEGF , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and TSP 1 expression and postoperative survival . ^^^ Although TSP 1 may increase intrahepatic CCC metastases , neither MVD levels nor the expression of VEGF , Ang 1 , or Ang 2 was associated with clinicopathological factors and prognosis . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Arterial venous Ang 1 and Ang 2 gradients were positive without difference between controls and patients throughout the study . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 1 stabilizes , whereas Ang 2 destabilizes vessels , increasing responsiveness to angiogenic stimuli . ^^^ RESULTS : Mean HFA Ang 2 to Ang 1 mRNA ratio was 6 . 3 fold higher than adult adrenals ( P < 0 . 001 ) . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Higher HFA Ang 2 to Ang 1 ratios may reflect greater vascular remodeling than in the adult . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ANG 1 and [ Asp ( 1 ) , Val ( 5 ) ] Angiotensin 2 ( ANG 2 ) i . v . gave dose dependent increases in mean arterial pressure but there was no pressor response to [ Val ( 4 ) ] ANG 3 ( ANG 3 ) . ^^^ The replacement of d leu ( 10 ) in the alligator ANG 1 molecule with l leu ( 10 ) almost stopped its conversion to ANG 2 and attenuated the pressor response . [ Asp ( 1 ) , Val ( 5 ) , Ala ( 9 ) ] ANG 1 ( 1 9 ) , and ANG ( 1 7 ) both failed to increase arterial blood pressure , even at the relatively high non physiological test dose of 194pmolkgbw ( 1 ) i . v . ^^^ Captopril blocked angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) and prevented the pressor response to ANG 1 whereas the mammalian AT ( 1 ) inhibitor Losartan attenuated , but did not completely block the pressor response to ANG 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The purposes of this study were to determine cDNA sequences of canine Ang 1 and Ang 2 and investigate their expressions in normal tissues and spontaneous tumours . ^^^ The cDNA sequences of canine Ang 1 and Ang 2 were 1 , 494 and 1 , 488 bp , and the deduced amino acid sequences were 497 and 495 residues , respectively . ^^^ The cDNA sequences of canine Ang 1 and Ang 2 showed high homology with those of the other mammalian species . ^^^ Canine Ang 1 and Ang 2 mRNA were detectable in all 22 normal tissues and spontaneous tumours . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| As interleukin ( IL ) 1beta has been found to be an indispensable factor in angiogenic signaling , we further analyzed the effect of IL 1beta on the expression of VEGF A , Ang 1 , and Ang 2 using a previously established cell culture model . ^^^ VEGF A , Ang 1 , and Ang 2 mRNA expression was detected by conventional and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) . ^^^ RESULTS : Differential expression of VEGF A , Ang 1 , and Ang 2 was clearly demonstrated in cartilage tumors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma or tissue extracts were incubated with angiotensin 1 ( Ang 1 ; 1296 m / z ) or angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ; 1045 m / z ) . ^^^ MS peaks for the substrates , Ang 1 and Ang 2 , and the generated peptides , Ang ( 1 7 ) and Ang ( 1 9 ) , were monitored . ^^^ Ang 2 was preferably cleaved by rACE 2 ( km=5 mumol / L ) , whereas Ang 1 was not a good substrate for rACE 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and 2 ( Ang 2 ) and their common receptor , Tie 2 , are thought to be critical regulators of tumor angiogenesis . ^^^ We examined expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and their common receptor Tie 2 mRNAs and proteins in gastric cancers using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry . ^^^ The expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Tie 2 mRNA in cancer cells significantly correlated with the MVD ( p < 0 . 001 , < 0 . 001 and =0 . 019 , respectively ) . ^^^ Ang 1 and Tie 2 positivity correlated with advanced gastric cancers ( p < 0 . 05 ) and larger cancers had higher positive rates of Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and Tie 2 mRNA expression ( p < 0 . 001 , =0 . 010 and =0 . 039 , respectively ) . ^^^ Significant positive correlations were also found between mRNA expression of Tie 2 and those of Ang 1 and Ang 2 ( p < 0 . 01 and < 0 . 001 , respectively ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In general , these studies suggest that Ang 1 is a proangiogenic factor that promotes endothelial cell survival and tumor angiogenesis , especially in the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor ; whereas Ang 2 destabilizes vasculature that leads to the initiation of angiogenesis or apoptosis of endothelial cells / vessel regression in the presence or absence of vascular endothelial growth factor , respectively , and that the cell surface tethered Ang 3 displays antiangiogenic activity . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In conclusion , endocrine Ang 2 mainly acts in Glom , whereas Pt is exposed to paracrine Ang 2 generated by the conversion of intrarenally produced Ang 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In contrast , in the heart and kidneys , ANG 1 levels were not affected , and ANG 2 levels tended to decrease , whereas in the hypothalamus ANG 2 content clearly increased . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated Ang 1 , Ang 2 and Tie 2 expressions including balance and intratumoral vessels in the role of angiogenesis of endometrial adenocarcinoma . ^^^ The levels of Ang 1 , Ang 2 and Tie 2 expressions were expressed as staining score . ^^^ Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 2 and CD 34 were expressed in the cytoplasm of tumor cells . ^^^ A significant correlation was found among Ang 1 , Ang 2 and Tie 2 expressions . ^^^ In high VEGF cases , Ang 1 expression was correlated negatively with TVC and MVC , but positively with VD , and the Angl < Ang 2 group was significantly higher in TVC and MVC and tended to be smaller in VD than the Ang 1 > Ang 2 group . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To investigate the possible role of angiogenic mechanisms , we have studied the immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and their receptors ( VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , Tie 2 ) in ADPKD , Caroli ' s disease , normal and fetal livers . ^^^ In ADPKD and control livers Ang 1 and Ang 2 gene expression was studied by real time PCR . ^^^ Cholangiocytes were strongly positive for VEGF , VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 and Ang 2 in ADPKD and Caroli , and also for Ang 1 and Tie 2 in ADPKD , similar to fetal ductal plate cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : We investigated immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietins ( Ang 1 and Ang 2 ) , hypoxia induced factor 1alpha ( HIF 1alpha ) and thrombospondin 1 ( TSP 1 ) in 60 specimens of surgically resected HCC . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Interestingly , Ang 2 , an antagonist ligand of Tie 2 , inhibited Ang 1 induced HGF production and Ang 1 induced SMC migration . ^^^ Collectively , our data reveal a novel mechanism of Ang / Tie2 signaling in regulating vascular maturation and suggest that a delicate balance between Ang 1 and Ang 2 is critical in this process . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| VEGF , ang 1 , ang 2 , and PDGF mRNA expression was reduced in the corneas of AG 1296 treated mice compared with the respective control . ^^^ Treatment with the PI 3 K inhibitors wortmannin and LY 29002 had similar effects , inducing a decrease in corneal neovascularization and a reduction of VEGF , ang 1 , ang 2 , and PDGF mRNA levels . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : PF Ang 2 and VEGF levels but not Ang 1 levels were higher ( p < 0 . 001 ) in exudates than in transudates . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Ang 2 levels but not Ang 1 levels are elevated in exudative PEs , and they correlate with levels of VEGF and markers of pleural inflammation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using quantitative competitive PCR ( QC PCR ) combined with the reverse transcription of total RNA into cDNA , we investigated the expression of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and Tie 2 in the eutopic endometrium from 56 women with severe endometriosis and that from 64 women without endometriosis during the follicular and luteal cycles . ^^^ The eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis expressed higher levels of mRNA and protein of Ang 1 ( P < 0 . 05 ) and higher levels of mRNA of Ang 2 than the endometrium from normal women ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ These results suggest that the eutopic endometrium from endometriosis patients is more angiogenic and prone to growth because of greater Ang 1 mRNA and protein expression and higher Ang 2 mRNA expression than the endometrium from women without endometriosis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and Ang 2 regulate the maintenance of normal vasculature by direct endothelial and indirect smooth muscle cell ( SMC ) effects . ^^^ In this study , we investigated the effect of exogenous Ang 1 and Ang 2 in chronically rejecting rat cardiac allografts by intracoronary adeno associated virus ( AAV ) mediated gene transfer . ^^^ In cardiac allografts , both AAV Ang 1 and AAV Ang 2 decreased inflammation and increased antiapoptotic Bcl 2 mRNA and Bcl 2 / Bax ratio at 8 weeks . ^^^ Only AAV Ang 2 decreased the development of CAV , whereas AAV Ang 1 activated arterial SMC and increased PDGF A mRNA in the allograft . ^^^ Collectively , our results show that exogenous Ang 1 and Ang 2 have similar antiinflammatory and antiapoptotic effects in cardiac allografts . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 2 , and TNF alpha messenger RNA expression were quantified by real time polymerase chain reaction . ^^^ Infliximab produced a significant reduction in protein expression of Ang 2 , vascular endothelial growth factor , and Tie 2 ( P < . 001 ) along with a decrease in messenger RNA expression of Ang 1 ( P < . 045 ) and Tie 2 ( P < . 021 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Whereas angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) activates these receptors and promotes cell survival , migration , and sprouting , little information is available regarding how Ang 2 influences these cells . ^^^ However , unlike Ang 1 , Ang 2 significantly inhibited JNK / SAPK phosphorylation . ^^^ When vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) was present along with Ang 2 , ERK1 / 2 phosphorylation was inhibited , whereas augmentation of Ang 1 induced ERK1 / 2 phosphorylation was triggered by VEGF . ^^^ We also conclude that the nature of interactions in terms of ERK1 / 2 activation between Ang 2 and VEGF is different from that of Ang 1 and VEGF . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : Among various angiogenic factors , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , and angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) play crucial roles in regulating angiogenesis and vascular integrity . ^^^ In the present study we investigated the renal expression of VEGF , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and corresponding receptors in association with tubulointerstitial lesions in a rat ang 2 infusion model . ^^^ Immunoreactivity of VEGF and Ang 1 in cortical tubules was increased by ang 2 and was attenuated by losartan or PD 123319 . ^^^ The increase of VEGF induced by ang 2 was suppressed by losartan , and the increase of Ang 1 induced by ang 2 was inhibited by PD 123319 as detected by immunoblot . ^^^ The increase of flk 1 and flt 1 ( VEGF receptors ) and tie 2 ( Ang 1 receptor ) induced by ang 2 was significantly suppressed by PD 123319 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , no significant changes in PRA , ACE activity , Ang 1 , or Ang 2 levels were observed . ^^^ The BP remained unchanged in the oral HRT group , but the PRA , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , and bradykinin levels had significantly increased and ACE activity had significantly decreased ( all P < . 05 ) at 12 months after the start of HRT . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : Fresh surgically resected specimens of HCC and noncancerous liver ( NCL ) tissue from 38 patients with HCC were obtained , and expression of angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , Tie 2 , and VEGF messenger RNA ( mRNA ) was examined by real time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) . ^^^ Immunohistochemical staining of CD 34 was performed to determine the microvessel density ( MVD ) and Ang 2 / Ang 1 ratio was calculated . ^^^ Relationships between Ang 2 / Ang 1 ratio , VEGF and MVD and clinicopathological features were also tested so as to evaluate their significance in the progression of HCC . ^^^ RESULTS : Ang 2 and VEGF mRNAs in HCC were significantly higher than those in NCL tissue ( P < 0 . 05 ) , whereas the Ang 1 and Tie 2 mRNAs showed no statistical significance ( P > 0 . 05 ) , though slightly lower level of Ang 1 mRNA in HCC was observed . ^^^ Ang 2 / Ang 1 ratio and VEGF were both positively correlated to MVD . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Examination of the uteri revealed Ang 2 mRNA and protein expression in the oestrogen dominated cycling phase and the progesterone dominated mated phase , whereas Ang 1 expression was restricted to the mated phase . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The early and long term effects of coronary artery ligation on the plasma and left ventricular angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE and ACE 2 ) activities , ACE and ACE 2 mRNA levels , circulating angiotensin ( Ang ) levels [ Ang 1 , Ang ( 1 7 ) , Ang ( 1 9 ) , and Ang 2 ] , and cardiac function were evaluated 1 and 8 weeks after experimental myocardial infarction in adult Sprague Dawley rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 3 is a 503 amino acid protein having 45 . 1 % and 44 . 7 % identity with human angiopoietin 1 and human angiopoietin 2 , respectively . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES : Angiopoietin 1 ( Ang 1 ) and its natural antagonist angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) , both ligands for the receptor tyrosine kinase Tie 2 , are known to play an essential role in normal and pathological angiogenesis . ^^^ DESIGN AND METHODS : We investigated the expression of Ang 1 , Ang 2 and Tie 2 by immunohistochemical analyses in bone marrow biopsies of 64 adult patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia ( AML ) and correlated angiogenic factor expression with clinicopathological variables and long term survival . ^^^ Thus , we observed a reversal of the Ang 1 and Ang 2 expression balance in the neoplastic bone marrow . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 2 behaves as an antagonist of angiopoietin 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Endothelial Tie2 / Tek ligands angiopoietin 1 ( ANGPT 1 ) and angiopoietin 2 ( ANGPT 2 ) : regional localization of the human genes to 8q22 . 3 q 23 and 8p23 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 and its putative natural antagonist , angiopoietin 2 , were recently isolated , and the critical role of angiopoietin 1 in embryogenic angiogenesis was demonstrated by targeted gene disruption . ^^^ In this study we demonstrate that angiopoietin 1 , but not angiopoietin 2 , is chemotactic for endothelial cells . ^^^ In contrast , angiopoietin 1 as well as angiopoietin 2 exhibit no proliferative effect on endothelial cells . ^^^ Angiopoietin 2 dose dependently blocks directed migration toward angiopoietin 1 , consistent with the role of angiopoietin 2 as a naturally occurring inhibitor of angiopoietin 1 . ^^^ Fibroblasts stably transfected with Tie 2 receptor exhibit chemotactic responses for both angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 2 also induced a low level of TEK phosphorylation and weakened the phosphorylation induced by Angiopoietin 1 , suggestive of an elaborate regulator of the TEK TEK ligand signaling pathway . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| An in vitro study revealed that Angiopoietin 1 but not Angiopoietin 2 promoted the adhesion to fibronectin ( FN ) through integrins in TIE 2 transfected cells and primary TIE2+ cells sorted from 9 . 5 d . p . c . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The angiopoietins include a naturally occurring agonist , angiopoietin 1 , as well as a naturally occurring antagonist , angiopoietin 2 , both of which act by means of the Tie 2 receptor . ^^^ Although angiopoietin 3 and angiopoietin 4 are strikingly more structurally diverged from each other than are the mouse and human versions of angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 , they appear to represent the mouse and human counterparts of the same gene locus , as revealed in our chromosomal localization studies of all of the angiopoietins in mouse and human . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We therefore determined the expression of the following angiogenic and immunosuppressive factors in seven human uveal melanoma cell lines using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) : secreted interleukin 1 receptor antagonist ( sIL 1ra ) , interleukin ( IL ) 6 , IL 8 , IL 10 , transforming growth factor ( TGF ) alpha , TGFbeta , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , platelet derived growth factor ( PDGF ) , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) , angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 . ^^^ The expression of VEGF and angiopoietin 2 in combination with a lack of angiopoietin 1 expression suggest high vascular remodelling capacity and could be of great relevance for the metastatic potential of uveal melanoma . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The temporal expression of angiopoietin 1 ( Angpo 1 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( Angpo 2 ) , Tie 1 , and Tie 2 mRNA was studied in a focal cerebral ischemia model in rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TNP 470 treated tumors + / IR also had a significantly increased mRNA expression of angiopoietin 1 , whereas angiopoietin 2 , vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor mRNA were unchanged by the treatments . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In an effort to determine whether the angiopoietins and Tie receptors play a role in the pathobiology of angiosarcoma and KS , we studied the expression of angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 , angiopoietin 4 , Tie 1 , and Tie 2 mRNAs in biopsies of KS from 12 AIDS patients , in biopsies of cutaneous angiosarcoma from two patients , and in control biopsies of normal skin from three volunteers by in situ hybridization . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this review , we discuss the molecular characterization and mechanism of action of angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 in reproductive tract angiogenesis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , the angiogenesis regulators vascular endothelial growth factor , angiopoietin 1 , and angiopoietin 2 were normally expressed in the wounds of endostatin treated mice . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 , and tie receptors after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : Angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 are antagonist angiogenic factors acting via the same receptor Tie 2 . ^^^ MATERIAL AND METHODS : Using immunohistochemistry , localization of angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 and their receptor Tie 2 was studied in normal human prostate and PCa . ^^^ RESULTS : Few epithelial cells of normal prostate expressed angiopoietin 1 and Tie 2 but not angiopoietin 2 . ^^^ In PCa , intraductal grown tumor cells showed angiopoietin 1 but not angiopoietin 2 . ^^^ In glandular PCa , most of the tumor and intraglandular stromal cells were positive for both angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Remarkably , blood vessel leakage resistance induced by HIF 1alpha overexpression was not caused by up regulation of angiopoietin 1 or angiopoietin 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 has been shown to stabilize endothelial cell networks , whereas angiopoietin 2 is antagonistic to angiopoietin 1 and destabilizes endothelial cell networks . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Finally , overexpression of COX 1 was associated with enhanced expression of the angiogenic factors basic fibroblast growth factor , vascular endothelial growth factor , angiopoietin 1 , and angiopoietin 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we examine the effects of androgen on production of three angiogenic factors , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietin 1 , and angiopoietin 2 , by the three major cell types in the prostate . ^^^ METHODS : The ability of androgen to modulate VEGF , angiopoietin 1 , and angiopoietin 2 production in cultured mouse prostate luminal epithelial , basal epithelial , and smooth muscle cells ( SMCs ) was assessed by Western blot and RT PCR . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Intron specific primers were used to amplify each exon of angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 from individual genomic DNAs . ^^^ Although no polymorphism has been detected in the coding region of angiopoietin 1 , three independent polymorphisms have been identified for angiopoietin 2 . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , to additionally investigate the issue of tumor dormancy we wished to assess the relationship between Mcm 2 labeling index ( LI ) and the angiogenic factors angiopoietin 1 ( Ang ) and Ang 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Hypoxia induced expression of NERF 2 and Tie 2 was blocked by angiopoietin 2 , a competitive inhibitor of angiopoietin 1 , and by recombinant soluble extracellular domain of Tie 2 but not by VEGF neutralizing antibodies . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 induces Tie 2 signaling as a receptor activator and maintains blood vessel formation , whereas angiopoietin 2 destabilizes vessels by blocking Tie 2 signaling as an antagonist of angiopoietin 1 and acts with vascular endothelial growth factor to initiate angiogenesis . ^^^ Angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 , and Tie 2 were upregulated in involved psoriasis skin compared to uninvolved psoriasis skin , healthy skin , and chronic spongiotic dermatitis skin . ^^^ Thus , our findings suggest that upregulation of angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 , and Tie 2 is closely associated with the development of microvascular proliferation in psoriasis , and that the angiopoietin Tie 2 system may act coordinately with vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor to promote neovascularization in psoriasis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We conclude that in vivo hypoxia exerts inhibitory effects on the activity of the angiopoietin 1 / Tie 2 receptor pathway through reduction of angiopoietin 1 and upregulation of angiopoietin 2 and 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the early placenta , the predominant growth factor appears to be vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , whilst at term , angiopoietin 1 was present in large vessels , with intense angiopoietin 2 immunofluorescence ( and VEGF ) located in terminal villous capillaries . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 has recently been shown to stabilize EC networks by binding to the EC specific tyrosine kinase receptor Tie 2 ; in contrast , angiopoietin 2 is antagonistic to angiopoietin 1 and destabilizes EC networks . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Western blot analyses showed that HBO enhanced the expression of angiopoietin 2 ( Ang 2 ) with no effect on the expression of Tie 2 , angiopoietin 1 , and VEGF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 2 is required for postnatal angiogenesis and lymphatic patterning , and only the latter role is rescued by Angiopoietin 1 . ^^^ While Angiopoietin 1 obligately activates its Tie 2 receptor , Angiopoietin 2 can activate Tie 2 on some cells , while it blocks Tie 2 activation on others . ^^^ Genetic rescue with Angiopoietin 1 corrects the lymphatic , but not the angiogenesis , defects , suggesting that Angiopoietin 2 acts as a Tie 2 agonist in the former setting , but as an antagonist in the latter setting . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , c Myc is also required for the proper expression of other angiogenic factors in ES and yolk sac cells , including angiopoietin 2 , and the angiogenic inhibitors thrombospondin 1 and angiopoietin 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietin 1 , and angiopoietin 2 and their receptors are expressed in the human and nonhuman primate endometrium and interact to control vascular development and remodeling . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| There were no significant differences in mRNA expression for VEGF , Flt 1 , angiopoietin 1 , or angiopoietin 2 between BIO TO 2 and F1B control . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Thus cyclical mechanical stretch activates the expression of angiopoietin 2 and the Tie 2 receptor , but not angiopoietin 1 or the Tie 1 receptor , in cultured HUVECs . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To investigate the specific role of Ang 2 in the adult vasculature , we generated a nuclease resistant RNA aptamer that binds and inhibits Ang 2 but not the related Tie 2 agonist , angiopoietin 1 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Implantation in marmosets occurs at day 11 of pregnancy ; hence , these time points were chosen so that the peri implantation period and very early pregnancy could be studied . mRNAs for VEGF , VEGFR 1 and VEGFR 2 , angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 and their receptor Tie 2 were localized and quantified by in situ hybridization . ^^^ These data provide comprehensive evidence that VEGFR 1 and 2 , and angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 and Tie 2 interactions may be involved in the preparation of endometrium for implantation , remodelling of the maternal vasculature and trophoblast invasion during the peri implantation period in this primate species . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Chicken angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 show a high degree of homology to their human counterparts , 91 % and 87 % respectively , a reflection of the critical role of this signalling pathway . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study we demonstrate that exposure of primary cultures of cardiac and vascular cells to hypoxia or AdCA 5 , an adenovirus encoding a constitutively active form of HIF 1alpha , modulates the expression of genes encoding the angiogenic factors angiopoietin 1 ( ANGPT 1 ) , ANGPT 2 , placental growth factor , and platelet derived growth factor B . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We examined the vascular maturation regulators , angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 , and tie 2 receptor , under different weight modifying conditions . ^^^ Adipocytes expressed angiopoietin 1 , while adipose endothelial cells expressed angiopoietin 2 and tie 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Such bleeding is also characterized by focal reductions in the expression of angiopoietin 1 , a vessel stabilization and maturation agent , and excess production of the potent angiogenic agents , vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS AND RESULTS : Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis of atherosclerotic specimens demonstrated that unlike neovessels from early lesions that expressed vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and angiopoietin 1 ( Angio 1 ) , vessels from advanced lesions expressed VEGF and angiopoietin 2 ( Angio 2 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Tie 2 is an endothelial cell specific receptor tyrosine kinase , whose activation is positively and negatively modulated by angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 , respectively . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) analyses showed that expressions of some angiogenic genes such as angiopoietin 1 , basic fibroblast growth factor , and vascular endothelial growth factor , and angiostatic genes such as angiopoietin 2 , brain specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 and 2 , and thrombospondin 1 were not changed significantly in both gingival tissues and cultured fibroblast cells under the CsA treatments . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Functionally , endogenous angiopoietin 1 regulates initial endothelial cell commitment , whereas angiopoietin 2 enhances expansion of the endothelial cell progeny . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| During the first week of treatment , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , VEGF receptor 1 ( Flt 1 ) , and basic fibroblast growth factor proteins were higher in the treated group , whereas VEGF receptor 2 ( Flk 1 ) , angiopoietin 1 , and angiopoietin 2 were not affected by treatment . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 2 and Tie 2 , but not angiopoietin 1 mRNA were increased with ROP , and angiopoietin 2 was reduced with PD 123319 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated the presence of transcripts for VEGF A , VEGF B , VEGF C , VEGF D , Angiopoietin 1 and Angiopoietin 2 in benign endometrium , atypical complex hyperplasia ( ACH ) and endometrioid endometrial carcinoma using in situ hybridisation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVE : Here we examine the effects of the angiogenic growth factors angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 on eosinophil function in vitro and possible involvement of the angiopoietin receptor Tie 2 . ^^^ The effect on eosinophil migration of angiopoietin 1 was reversed by an antibody against the Tie 2 receptor and by angiopoietin 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| By contrast , angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 mRNA expressions were increased ( 500 % P < 0 . 02 , and 400 % P < 0 . 01 , respectively ) in the ApoE ( / ) hearts . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We found that mouse C2C12 skeletal myocytes lack tie 2 , yet dose dependently adhered to angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 similarly to laminin , fibronectin , vitronectin , and more than to collagen 1 , 3 , and 4 . ^^^ Immobilized and soluble angiopoietin 1 phosphorylated Akt ( S 473 ) and MAPK ( p42 / 44 ) , ( not FAK ( Y 397 ) ) in C2C12 more than in endothelial cells and more than did angiopoietin 2 or cell matrices . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Positive immunostaining was detected in 18 samples ( 35 % ) for angiopoietin 1 and in 23 ( 44 ) for angiopoietin 2 . ^^^ There was no significant difference in survival according to tumour angiopoietin 1 status in the patients , but in contrast the overall survival of patients with angiopoietin 2 positive tumours was significantly lower than for those with angiopoietin 2 negative tumours ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recently , a role for the angiopoietin signaling system in psoriasis has been suggested by studies that demonstrate an up regulation of the tyrosine kinase receptor Tie 2 ( also known as Tek ) as well as angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 in human psoriatic lesions . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| CONCLUSIONS : Angiopoietin 2 concentration was twice that of angiopoietin 1 in NPDR with CSMO . ^^^ Angiopoietin 2 is the natural antagonist of angiopoietin 1 which is thought to act as an anti permeability agent . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Further , PEDF was found to completely inhibit high glucose or H2O2 induced increase in a mRNA ratio of angiopoietin 2 to angiopoietin 1 and up regulation of VEGF mRNA levels in pericytes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of VEGFA , VEGFC , angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 and their receptors on development liver during gestation of weeks 3 12 of human embryo . ] . ^^^ The aim was to study the expression of VEGF A , VEGF C , angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 and their receptors on development liver during gestation of weeks 3 12 of human embryo . ^^^ Angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 and Tie 2 were detectable on those cells which expressed VEGFA , flt 4 and Tie 2 from weeks 5 to 12 of gestation . ^^^ The expression of angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 were weakly and Tie 2 was strongly . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Gene array and LightCycler analyses show an up regulation of angiogenic factors such as VEGF , VEGF receptor 2 , angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 , tie 2 , angiogenin , and interleukin 8 but a down regulation of collagen XVIII / endostatin and Tie 1 in CEACAM 1 overexpressing microvascular endothelial cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ECM genes profiled included the angiopoietin 1 and related genes ( angiopoietin 2 , tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin like and EGF like domains 1 ( TIE 1 ) and 2 ( TIE 2 ) , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and related receptors ( VEGF receptor 1 , VEGF receptor 2 and neuropilin 1 ) , thrombospondin 4 , alpha 2 macroglobulin and transforming growth factor beta 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The levels of VEGF A , VEGF R 1 , VEGF R 2 , neuropilin 1 , angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 , Tie 2 , and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase mRNAs were determined by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction . ^^^ RESULTS : Vascular endothelial growth factor , angiopoietin 1 , and angiopoietin 2 appeared to be expressed to variable levels in most samples , whereas Tie 2 , VEGF R 1 , and VEGF R 2 were undetectable . ^^^ Angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 levels did not predict recurrence ( P > . 1 ) . ^^^ CONCLUSION : The results indicate that at the time of surgical excision , subfoveal membranes express angiopoietin 1 , VEGF , and , to a lesser degree , angiopoietin 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Flow cytometric analysis revealed that 7 day TS significantly decreased the expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 ( PECAM 1 , CD 31 ) in tibial bone marrow cells , but not those of angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 , Flk 1 ( vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ) , and vascular endothelial cadherin . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of VEGF and Angiopoietin 1 and Angiopoietin 2 protein by murine neutrophils was evaluated by confocal immunohistochemistry . ^^^ Murine neutrophils contained VEGF and Angiopoietin 1 and Angiopoietin 2 proteins . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This study focused on effects of 2 other angiogenic growth factors , angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 , on human neutrophils and on the involvement of the angiopoietin receptor Tie 2 . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Data suggest that a Tie 2 receptor is expressed by human neutrophils whose active site ligation with either angiopoietin 1 or angiopoietin 2 exerts migratory effects on the one hand and arrests VEGF mediated chemotaxis on the other . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These changes were associated with increased expressions of ANG 2 and its type 1 ( AT 1 ) and type 2 ( AT 2 ) receptors , endothelin 1 ( ET 1 ) and its type B receptor ( ETB ) , and angiopoietin 1 , together with decreased expressions of bone morphogeneic protein receptor 1A and 2 ( BMPR 1A and BMPR 2 , respectively ) and unchanged expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and EGF homology domains 2 ( Tie 2 ) . ^^^ Losartan therapy was associated with persistent overexpressions of ANG 2 , AT 2 , ET 1 , ETB , and angiopoietin 1 and with a return to normal of the BMPR 2 expression . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Striated muscle expressions ( Western blots ) of ANG 2 AT ( 1 ) receptor subtype , endothelial nitric oxide synthase , angiopoietin 1 and 2 , Tie 2 receptor , vascular endothelial growth factor and receptor , and platelet derived growth factor C at E 21 and P 7 were unaltered by antenatal diet exposure . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Increase in the renal expression of VEGF A , flk 1 , Ang 2 , an antagonist of angiopoietin 1 , transforming growth factor beta 1 , interleukin 6 , and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 was inhibited by endostatin peptide in diabetic mice . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Concentrations of sCD40L ( P = 0 . 039 ) , CRP ( P < 0 . 001 ) , angiopoietin 1 ( P < 0 . 001 ) , angiopoietin 2 ( P = 0 . 003 ) and VEGF ( P < 0 . 001 ) were all greater amongst hypertensive patients than in controls . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Stimulation of Ishikawa cells and human endometrial biopsy explants with 100 nm iloprost ( a PGI analog ) rapidly activated ERK1 / 2 signaling and induced the expression of proangiogenic genes , basic fibroblast growth factor , angiopoietin 1 , and angiopoietin 2 , in an epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) dependent manner . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Differential expression of angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 , and Tie receptors in placentas from pregnancies complicated by placenta accreta . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : The purpose of this study was to investigate the differential expression of angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 , and Tie receptors ( Tie 1 and Tie 2 ) in placentas from pregnancies complicated by placenta accreta . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor , angiopoietin 1 , and angiopoietin 2 in tumors was examined by Western blotting . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Angiopoietin 1 ( ANGPT 1 ) , Angiopoietin 4 ( ANGPT 4 ) , VEGF , FGF 2 , FGF 4 , HGF , Ephrin , IL 8 and CXCL 12 ( SFD 1 ) are pro angiogenic factors ( angiogenic activators ) , while Angiopoietin 2 ( ANGPT 2 ) , Angiostatin , Endostatin , Tumstatin , Canstatin , THBS 1 , THBS 2 , TNFSF 15 ( VEGI ) and Vasohibin ( VASH 1 ) are anti angiogenic factors ( angiogenic inhibitors ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| DESIGN AND PATIENTS : Expression of NOS , angiogenic markers [ vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 ] and their receptors was studied in surgical thyroid samples obtained from 22 patients aged 15 68 years . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Analysis by RT PCR and Western blot showed significantly lower gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietin 1 , and angiopoietin 2 and significantly lower protein expression of VEGF , angiopoietin 1 , angiopoietin 2 , the ratio of phospho Akt to Akt , and phospho endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ) to eNOS in hypercholesterolemic rats than in controls . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The recruited c kit+ cells established a proangiogenic milieu in the infarct border zone by increasing VEGF and by reversing the cardiac ratio of angiopoietin 1 to angiopoietin 2 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Assignment of ANGPT 4 , ANGPT 1 , and ANGPT 2 encoding angiopoietins 4 , 1 and 2 to human chromosome bands 20p13 , 8q22 . 3 > q 23 and 8p23 . 1 , respectively , by in situ hybridization and radiation hybrid mapping . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE ( S ) : Expression of ANGPT 1 and ANGPT 2 mRNA was quantified by competitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) and normalized to expression of the housekeeping gene human glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase ( GAPDH ) mRNA . ^^^ The expression of ANGPT 1 and ANGPT 2 protein was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining . ^^^ RESULT ( S ) : All grafts expressed ANGPT 1 and ANGPT 2 mRNA . ^^^ The immunohistochemical investigation for ANGPT 1 and ANGPT 2 revealed presence of both proteins at all the times but no obvious correlation with the duration of cultivation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Because the endogenous agonist ANGPT 1 , antagonist ANGPT 2 , and TEK are expressed in the primate ovary , experiments were designed to investigate their role at a critical time during tissue remodeling / angiogenesis in the menstrual cycle ( i . e . , at midcycle during maturation , ovulation , and luteinization of the dominant follicle ) . ^^^ Either vehicle , 20 microg of ANGPT 1 , 2 microg of ANGPT 2 ( low dose ) , or 20 microg of ANGPT 2 ( high dose ) was injected directly into the preovulatory follicle of monkeys around the day ( 1 to 0 ) of the midcycle estradiol ( E 2 ) / LH peak . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Instead , ANGPT 2 appears to act as a natural antagonist of ANGPT 1 , it can activate vascular remodeling with the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) or regress frank blood vessels under the absence of VEGF . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We identified 5 genes ( Angpt 1 , Angpt 2 , Dtprp , G1p2 and Prlpa ) whose steady state levels in the uterus undergoing decidualization depends on the presence of a conceptus . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Then , total cellular RNA was extracted from the cells and evaluated for expression of mRNA for VEGF , FGF 2 , ANGPT 1 , ANGPT 2 , and NO receptor , guanylate cyclase 1 , soluble beta 3 ( GUCY1B3 ) , using real time quantitative RT PCR . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q15389 and O15123 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|