| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :1.3165701 |
| To better understand the interplay between the AGRP and melanocortin signaling systems , we compared their nerve fiber distributions with each other by immunohistochemistry and their perikarya distribution with MC3R and MC4R by double in situ hybridization . 1.3165701^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However the effect of exogenous Agrp and its in vivo interaction with alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alphaMSH ) , the likely endogenous melanocortin 3 and 4 receptor ( MC 3 R and MC 4 R ) agonist , have not been demonstrated . ^^^ We have also shown Agrp ( 83 132 ) is an antagonist at the MC 3 R and MC 4 R , with similar inhibition of cAMP activation to that previously reported for the full length peptide . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In both conventional and photoemulsion binding studies [ 125I ] AGRP ( 87 132 ) was observed only to bind to cells expressing melanocortin receptors MC3R , MC4R , and MC5R . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| AGRP containing neurons are not visualized in a number of areas , including portions of the amygdala , thalamus , and brain stem , that express MC 3 R and MC 4 R messenger RNA and receive innervation from POMC neurons that serve as the source of melanocortin agonists . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| While AGRP ' s exact mechanism of action is unknown , it has been identified as a competitive antagonist of melanocortin receptors 3 and 4 ( MC3r , MC4r ) , and MC4r in particular is implicated in the hypothalamic control of feeding behavior . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The human AGRP decapeptide Yc [ CRFFNAFC ] Y has been previously reported as binding to the human MC 3 and MC 4 receptors and antagonizing the MC 4 receptor . ^^^ Agouti related protein ( AGRP ) is a naturally occurring antagonist of the brain melanocortin receptors ( MC3R and MC4R ) and is physiologically implicated as participating in feeding behavior and energy homeostasis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of AgRP has been shown to be localized by in situ hybridization to the arcuate nucleus and median eminence of the brain , where it acts as an antagonist to the MC 3 and MC 4 receptors , while in the periphery the only significant expression was located in the adrenal medulla . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The system comprises alpha MSH , which acts as agonist , and agouti related protein ( AgRP ) , which acts as antagonist at the MC 3 and MC 4 receptors ( MC3R and MC4R ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| AGRP has been identified in vitro , as competitively antagonizing the brain melanocortin 4 ( MC4R ) and melanocortin 3 ( MC3R ) receptors , and when over expressed in transgenic mice , results in an obese phenotype . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Agouti related peptide ( AgRP ) , a homologue of agouti peptide and antagonist of MC3R and MC4R , is expressed in human brain and may act as a inhibitor of alpha MSH . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Injection of either 1 nmol or 3 nmol Agrp ( 83 132 ) , a potent antagonist of the orexigenic MC 3 and MC 4 receptors , completely prevented both the LH and PRL surges . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Agouti related protein ( AGRP ) is a newly identified orexigenic peptide that acts as an endogenous antagonist of melanocortin receptors MC 3 and MC 4 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The agouti related protein ( AGRP ) is an endogenous antagonist of the melanocortin receptors MC3R and MC4R found in the hypothalamus and exhibits potent orexigenic ( appetite stimulating ) activity . ^^^ Consideration of these sequence differences , along with recent experiments on mutant and chimeric melanocortin receptors , allows us to postulate that this loop in the first 16 residues of its C terminal domain confers AGRP ' s distinct selectivity for MC3R and MC4R . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Our results support the claim that AA rats have a high ratio of POMC / AgRP expression , and that this observation is accompanied by differences in MC 3 receptor levels . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have previously demonstrated that intracerebroventricular administration of alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ) , a nonselective MC 3 and MC 4 receptor agonist , stimulated plasma thyroid stimulating hormone , and agouti related protein ( AgRP ) , an MC 3 and MC 4 receptor antagonist , suppressed it . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The agouti related protein ( AGRP ) is an endogenous antagonist of the melanocortin receptors MC3R and MC4R found in the hypothalamus and exhibits potent orexigenic activity . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| AgRP is believed to exert its effects through the blockade of signaling by alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone at central nervous system ( CNS ) melanocortin 3 receptor ( Mc3r ) and Mc4r . ^^^ In situ hybridization failed to detect altered CNS expression levels for proopiomelanocortin , Mc3r , Mc4r , or NPY mRNAs in Agrp ( / ) mice . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To clarify the roles of the MC 3 R and MC 4 R in AgRP induced hyperphagia , the feeding effect of AgRP ( 83 132 ) was compared with that of the selective MC 4 R antagonist , JKC 363 ( cyclic [ Mpr 11 , D Nal 14 , Cys 18 , Asp 22 NH2 ] beta MSH 11 22 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The central melanocortinergic system consists of endogenous agonist alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone , the naturally occurring antagonist Agouti related protein ( AGRP ) , and two melanocortin receptors ( MC3R , MC4R ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Work from our laboratory and others over the last several years has demonstrated that the non pigmentary effects of A ( y ) are caused by ectopic expression of Agouti protein , a paracrine signaling molecule whose normal function is to inhibit signaling through the melanocortin 1 receptor ( Mc1r ) , but which can mimic the effects of Agouti related protein ( Agrp ) , a homologous neuropeptide produced in the medial portion of the arcuate nucleus that acts as a potent antagonist of the Mc3r and Mc4r . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Food deprived doves showed a fourfold increase in the number of AGRP immunoreactive cells in the tuberal region of the hypothalamus and 5 ng of the MC 3 R and MC 4 R agonist MTII significantly attenuated the amount of food consumed by food deprived birds that were allowed to re feed . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Agouti related protein ( AgRP ) an endogenous antagonist at the MC 3 R and MC 4 R , is expressed in the adrenal gland . ^^^ We investigated the expression of the MC 3 R and MC 4 R and the role of AgRP in the adrenal gland . ^^^ AgRP acting via the MC 3 R or MC 4 R may have an inhibitory paracrine role , blocking alpha MSH induced corticosterone secretion . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The agouti related protein ( AGRP ) is an endogenous antagonist of the brain melanocortin receptors ( MC3R and MC4R ) and is believed to be involved in feeding behavior and energy homeostasis . ^^^ Previous results identified that the human AGRP decapeptide Yc [ CRFFNAFC ] Y binds to the MC3R and MC4R and acts as an antagonist at the MC4R but not at the MC3R . ^^^ The binding IC ( 50 ) values of radiolabeled hAGRP ( 86 132 ) versus NDP MSH were identical within experimental error , supporting the hypothesis that AGRP and NDP MSH interact with overlapping binding epitopes at the MC3R and MC4R . ^^^ The most notable results include identification of the TAYc [ CRFFNAFC ] YAR NH ( 2 ) ( pA ( 2 ) =6 . 1 , K ( 1 ) =790nM , mMC3R ) and the Yc [ CRFFNAFC ] YARKL NH ( 2 ) ( pA ( 2 ) =6 . 2 , K ( 1 ) =630nM , mMC3R ) peptides as the minimal monocyclic AGRP based fragments possessing antagonist pharmacology at the MC3R . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The agouti related protein ( AGRP ) is an endogenous antagonist of the melanocortin receptors MC3R and MC4R found in the hypothalamus and exhibits potent orexigenic activity . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two melanocortin receptors ( MC3R , MC4R ) are expressed in brain regions receiving projections of POMC fibers , most of which also receive projections from a population of ARC neurons that co express neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) and the MC3R / MC4R antagonist agouti related peptide ( AgRP ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated if agouti related peptide ( AgRP ) , an endogenous antagonist of melanocortin receptors ( MC 3 R and MC 4 R ) , effects energy expenditure in rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The central melanocortin system consists of alpha MSH , agouti related protein ( AGRP ) , MC3R and MC4R . ^^^ AGRP and alpha MSH are believed to be the natural antagonist and agonist respectively of MC3R and MC4R . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| MC 4 receptor , proopiomelanocortin ( POMC ) and agouti related protein ( AgRP ) transcripts were detected in both spinal cord and DRG , whereas MC 3 receptor was detected only in the spinal cord . ^^^ MC 4 and POMC transcript were upregulated in the spinal cord of neuropathic rats , whereas MC 3 and AgRP expression were unaffected . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although mutations in the agouti gene cause an over expression of agouti peptide which antagonizes effects of alpha MSH at MC 4 R in the brain and causes obese phenotypes , there was no evidence for the presence of an endogenous antagonist for MC 3 R and MC 4 R until agouti related protein ( AGRP ) was identified . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Agouti related protein ( Agrp ) , primarily expressed in the hypothalamus , is an endogenous antagonist of alphaMSH at the level of melanocortin 3 receptor ( MC 3 R ) and MC 4 R , but the adrenal gland represents the second major Agrp expressing tissue . ^^^ In our studies , ( Nle 4 , d Phe 7 ) alphaMSH ( NDP alphaMSH ) stimulated the production of cortisol in a dose dependent manner , and these effects were abolished by Agrp or SHU 9119 , a synthetic antagonist of MC 3 R and MC 4 R . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The study shows that some parts of the MC system are highly conserved through vertebrate evolution , such as regions in POMC coding for ACTH , alpha MSH , and beta MSH , the C terminal region of AGRP , key binding units within the MC1R , MC2R , MC4R , and MC5R , synteny blocks around the MCRs , pharmacological properties of the MC2R , whereas other parts in the system are either missing , such as the MC3R and gamma MSH , or different as compared to mammals , such as the affinity of ACTH and MSH peptides to MC1R and MC4R and the anatomical expression pattern of the MCRs . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The central melanocortin system modulates energy homeostasis through the actions of the agonist , alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ) , a POMC cleavage product , and the endogenous antagonist AgRP on the MC3R and MC4R . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Leptin secretion ( measured by ELISA ) and gene expression ( by real time quantitative PCR ) of differentiated rat adipocytes cultured in vitro were inhibited by the administration of alpha MSH ( EC50=0 . 24 nM ) , and this effect was antagonised by antagonists of the melanocortin receptors MC4R and MC3R ( AgRP and SHU 9119 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The agouti related protein ( AgRP ) exerts its anabolic effects on food intake by antagonising the alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ) at its receptors , melanocortin receptors 3 and 4 ( MC3R and MC4R ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we describe treatment of Agrp ( / ) ; Npy ( / ) and Mc3r ( / ) ; Mc4r ( / ) double knockout mice as well as Npy ( / ) and Agrp ( / ) single knockout mice with either ghrelin or an orally active nonpeptide ghrelin agonist . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Agouti related protein ( AgRP ( 83 132 ) ) , a known endogenous MC3R and MC4R antagonist , did not reduce the stimulation of prolactin mRNA expression by gamma 3 MSH or Ala ( 8 ) gamma 2 MSH . ^^^ AgRP appears to have other actions than its known antagonistic activity on the MC3R and MC4R . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Food intake , energy expenditure , adiposity , BAT UCP 1 , and leptin expression in white fat as well as hypothalamic expressions of MC3R , MC4R , POMC , AgRP and NPY were assessed . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These data suggest that AGRP signaling to TRH hypophysiotropic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus is primarily mediated by the MC 4 R and therefore , binding to the MC 3 R or other putative AGRP receptors may have only a minor role . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| AGRP is synthesized in the brain and is an antagonist of the melanocortin 3 and 4 receptors ( MC3R , MC4R ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : We genotyped polymorphisms in the melanocortin 4 receptor ( MC4R ) , melanocortin 3 receptor ( MC3R ) , neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) , neuropeptide Y Y 1 receptor ( NPY Y1R ) , cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript ( CART ) , agouti related protein ( AGRP ) , and pro opiomelanocortin ( POMC ) genes in 669 subjects ( age ( X+ / s . d . ) : parents : 52+ / 3 . 4 y ; offspring : 28+ / 8 . 7 y ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the present study , our aim was to determine whether intrafetal glucose infusion increases fetal adiposity , synthesis and secretion of leptin and regulates gene expression of the ' appetite regulatory ' neuropeptides neuropepetide Y ( NPY ) , agouti related peptide ( AGRP ) , pro opiomelanocortin ( POMC ) and cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript ( CART ) and receptors ( leptin receptor ( OB Rb ) and melancortin 3 receptor ( MC3R ) ) within the fetal hypothalamus . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we assessed the possibility that MC receptor ( MCR ) agonists modulate ethanol intake via the MC 3 receptor ( MC3R ) and / or the MC 4 receptor ( MC4R ) and whether the MCR antagonist AgRP ( 83 132 ) controls ethanol consumption . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : The present results suggest that MC4R , and not MC3R , modulates MCR agonist induced reduction of ethanol consumption and that ethanol intake is increased by the antagonistic actions of AgRP ( 83 132 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Agouti related protein ( AGRP ) is an endogenous antagonist of the melanocortin 3 and 4 ( MC3R and MC 4 ) G protein coupled receptors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Agouti related protein ( AgRP ) is an endogenous antagonist at the MC 3 R and MC 4 R and is expressed in the rat adrenal cortex . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In six reviews , the melanocortins system ( including MC 4 and MC 3 receptors , Agrp , MSH ) , the NPY receptors ( including NPY Y 1 , NPY Y 2 , and NPY Y 5 , PYY 3 36 ) , the cannabinoid system ( including the development of rimonabant ) , the ghrelin ( GHS , growth hormone secretagogue ) system , the monoamine GPCRs ( including serotonin , adrenergic and histamine receptors ) , orexin ( hypocretin ) system and the galanin receptors are covered . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| SHU 9119 ( a synthetic compound ) and AGRP ( an endogenous peptide ) are antagonists for MC 4 , and to a lesser extent MC 3 , receptors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ART ( protein product of agouti related transcript ) as an antagonist of MC 3 and MC 4 receptors . ^^^ We have expressed human ART as a secreted protein in COS 7 cells , and show that recombinant ART is functionally active in inhibiting the binding of a radiolabeled alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ) analog to the human melanocortin 3 ( MC 3 ) and melanocortin 4 ( MC 4 ) receptors , while it is not a potent inhibitor of the human melanocortin 5 ( MC 5 ) receptor . ^^^ ART is an antagonist of the human MC 3 and MC 4 receptors as determined in functional assay . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O00253 and P41968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :1.3165701 |
| To better understand the interplay between the AGRP and melanocortin signaling systems , we compared their nerve fiber distributions with each other by immunohistochemistry and their perikarya distribution with MC3R and MC4R by double in situ hybridization . 1.3165701^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However the effect of exogenous Agrp and its in vivo interaction with alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alphaMSH ) , the likely endogenous melanocortin 3 and 4 receptor ( MC 3 R and MC 4 R ) agonist , have not been demonstrated . ^^^ We have also shown Agrp ( 83 132 ) is an antagonist at the MC 3 R and MC 4 R , with similar inhibition of cAMP activation to that previously reported for the full length peptide . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| AGRP containing neurons are not visualized in a number of areas , including portions of the amygdala , thalamus , and brain stem , that express MC 3 R and MC 4 R messenger RNA and receive innervation from POMC neurons that serve as the source of melanocortin agonists . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To clarify the roles of the MC 3 R and MC 4 R in AgRP induced hyperphagia , the feeding effect of AgRP ( 83 132 ) was compared with that of the selective MC 4 R antagonist , JKC 363 ( cyclic [ Mpr 11 , D Nal 14 , Cys 18 , Asp 22 NH2 ] beta MSH 11 22 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Food deprived doves showed a fourfold increase in the number of AGRP immunoreactive cells in the tuberal region of the hypothalamus and 5 ng of the MC 3 R and MC 4 R agonist MTII significantly attenuated the amount of food consumed by food deprived birds that were allowed to re feed . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated if agouti related peptide ( AgRP ) , an endogenous antagonist of melanocortin receptors ( MC 3 R and MC 4 R ) , effects energy expenditure in rats . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although mutations in the agouti gene cause an over expression of agouti peptide which antagonizes effects of alpha MSH at MC 4 R in the brain and causes obese phenotypes , there was no evidence for the presence of an endogenous antagonist for MC 3 R and MC 4 R until agouti related protein ( AGRP ) was identified . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Agouti related protein ( Agrp ) , primarily expressed in the hypothalamus , is an endogenous antagonist of alphaMSH at the level of melanocortin 3 receptor ( MC 3 R ) and MC 4 R , but the adrenal gland represents the second major Agrp expressing tissue . ^^^ In our studies , ( Nle 4 , d Phe 7 ) alphaMSH ( NDP alphaMSH ) stimulated the production of cortisol in a dose dependent manner , and these effects were abolished by Agrp or SHU 9119 , a synthetic antagonist of MC 3 R and MC 4 R . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These data suggest that AGRP signaling to TRH hypophysiotropic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus is primarily mediated by the MC 4 R and therefore , binding to the MC 3 R or other putative AGRP receptors may have only a minor role . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Agouti related protein ( AgRP ) is an endogenous antagonist at the MC 3 R and MC 4 R and is expressed in the rat adrenal cortex . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ART ( protein product of agouti related transcript ) as an antagonist of MC 3 and MC 4 receptors . ^^^ We have expressed human ART as a secreted protein in COS 7 cells , and show that recombinant ART is functionally active in inhibiting the binding of a radiolabeled alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ) analog to the human melanocortin 3 ( MC 3 ) and melanocortin 4 ( MC 4 ) receptors , while it is not a potent inhibitor of the human melanocortin 5 ( MC 5 ) receptor . ^^^ ART is an antagonist of the human MC 3 and MC 4 receptors as determined in functional assay . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The human AGRP decapeptide Yc [ CRFFNAFC ] Y has been previously reported as binding to the human MC 3 and MC 4 receptors and antagonizing the MC 4 receptor . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of AgRP has been shown to be localized by in situ hybridization to the arcuate nucleus and median eminence of the brain , where it acts as an antagonist to the MC 3 and MC 4 receptors , while in the periphery the only significant expression was located in the adrenal medulla . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The system comprises alpha MSH , which acts as agonist , and agouti related protein ( AgRP ) , which acts as antagonist at the MC 3 and MC 4 receptors ( MC3R and MC4R ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Agouti related protein ( AgRP ) an endogenous antagonist at the MC 3 R and MC 4 R , is expressed in the adrenal gland . ^^^ We investigated the expression of the MC 3 R and MC 4 R and the role of AgRP in the adrenal gland . ^^^ AgRP acting via the MC 3 R or MC 4 R may have an inhibitory paracrine role , blocking alpha MSH induced corticosterone secretion . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Our results support the claim that AA rats have a high ratio of POMC / AgRP expression , and that this observation is accompanied by differences in MC 3 receptor levels . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have previously demonstrated that intracerebroventricular administration of alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ) , a nonselective MC 3 and MC 4 receptor agonist , stimulated plasma thyroid stimulating hormone , and agouti related protein ( AgRP ) , an MC 3 and MC 4 receptor antagonist , suppressed it . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| MC 4 receptor , proopiomelanocortin ( POMC ) and agouti related protein ( AgRP ) transcripts were detected in both spinal cord and DRG , whereas MC 3 receptor was detected only in the spinal cord . ^^^ MC 4 and POMC transcript were upregulated in the spinal cord of neuropathic rats , whereas MC 3 and AgRP expression were unaffected . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we assessed the possibility that MC receptor ( MCR ) agonists modulate ethanol intake via the MC 3 receptor ( MC3R ) and / or the MC 4 receptor ( MC4R ) and whether the MCR antagonist AgRP ( 83 132 ) controls ethanol consumption . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In six reviews , the melanocortins system ( including MC 4 and MC 3 receptors , Agrp , MSH ) , the NPY receptors ( including NPY Y 1 , NPY Y 2 , and NPY Y 5 , PYY 3 36 ) , the cannabinoid system ( including the development of rimonabant ) , the ghrelin ( GHS , growth hormone secretagogue ) system , the monoamine GPCRs ( including serotonin , adrenergic and histamine receptors ) , orexin ( hypocretin ) system and the galanin receptors are covered . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| SHU 9119 ( a synthetic compound ) and AGRP ( an endogenous peptide ) are antagonists for MC 4 , and to a lesser extent MC 3 , receptors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In both conventional and photoemulsion binding studies [ 125I ] AGRP ( 87 132 ) was observed only to bind to cells expressing melanocortin receptors MC3R , MC4R , and MC5R . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| While AGRP ' s exact mechanism of action is unknown , it has been identified as a competitive antagonist of melanocortin receptors 3 and 4 ( MC3r , MC4r ) , and MC4r in particular is implicated in the hypothalamic control of feeding behavior . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| AGRP has been identified in vitro , as competitively antagonizing the brain melanocortin 4 ( MC4R ) and melanocortin 3 ( MC3R ) receptors , and when over expressed in transgenic mice , results in an obese phenotype . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Injection of either 1 nmol or 3 nmol Agrp ( 83 132 ) , a potent antagonist of the orexigenic MC 3 and MC 4 receptors , completely prevented both the LH and PRL surges . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Agouti related protein ( AGRP ) is a newly identified orexigenic peptide that acts as an endogenous antagonist of melanocortin receptors MC 3 and MC 4 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Agouti related peptide ( AgRP ) , a homologue of agouti peptide and antagonist of MC3R and MC4R , is expressed in human brain and may act as a inhibitor of alpha MSH . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The agouti related protein ( AGRP ) is an endogenous antagonist of the melanocortin receptors MC3R and MC4R found in the hypothalamus and exhibits potent orexigenic ( appetite stimulating ) activity . ^^^ Consideration of these sequence differences , along with recent experiments on mutant and chimeric melanocortin receptors , allows us to postulate that this loop in the first 16 residues of its C terminal domain confers AGRP ' s distinct selectivity for MC3R and MC4R . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The agouti related protein ( AGRP ) is an endogenous antagonist of the melanocortin receptors MC3R and MC4R found in the hypothalamus and exhibits potent orexigenic activity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| AgRP is believed to exert its effects through the blockade of signaling by alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone at central nervous system ( CNS ) melanocortin 3 receptor ( Mc3r ) and Mc4r . ^^^ In situ hybridization failed to detect altered CNS expression levels for proopiomelanocortin , Mc3r , Mc4r , or NPY mRNAs in Agrp ( / ) mice . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The central melanocortinergic system consists of endogenous agonist alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone , the naturally occurring antagonist Agouti related protein ( AGRP ) , and two melanocortin receptors ( MC3R , MC4R ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Work from our laboratory and others over the last several years has demonstrated that the non pigmentary effects of A ( y ) are caused by ectopic expression of Agouti protein , a paracrine signaling molecule whose normal function is to inhibit signaling through the melanocortin 1 receptor ( Mc1r ) , but which can mimic the effects of Agouti related protein ( Agrp ) , a homologous neuropeptide produced in the medial portion of the arcuate nucleus that acts as a potent antagonist of the Mc3r and Mc4r . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The agouti related protein ( AGRP ) is an endogenous antagonist of the brain melanocortin receptors ( MC3R and MC4R ) and is believed to be involved in feeding behavior and energy homeostasis . ^^^ Previous results identified that the human AGRP decapeptide Yc [ CRFFNAFC ] Y binds to the MC3R and MC4R and acts as an antagonist at the MC4R but not at the MC3R . ^^^ The binding IC ( 50 ) values of radiolabeled hAGRP ( 86 132 ) versus NDP MSH were identical within experimental error , supporting the hypothesis that AGRP and NDP MSH interact with overlapping binding epitopes at the MC3R and MC4R . ^^^ The most notable results include identification of the TAYc [ CRFFNAFC ] YAR NH ( 2 ) ( pA ( 2 ) =6 . 1 , K ( 1 ) =790nM , mMC3R ) and the Yc [ CRFFNAFC ] YARKL NH ( 2 ) ( pA ( 2 ) =6 . 2 , K ( 1 ) =630nM , mMC3R ) peptides as the minimal monocyclic AGRP based fragments possessing antagonist pharmacology at the MC3R . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The agouti related protein ( AGRP ) is an endogenous antagonist of the melanocortin receptors MC3R and MC4R found in the hypothalamus and exhibits potent orexigenic activity . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two melanocortin receptors ( MC3R , MC4R ) are expressed in brain regions receiving projections of POMC fibers , most of which also receive projections from a population of ARC neurons that co express neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) and the MC3R / MC4R antagonist agouti related peptide ( AgRP ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Leptin secretion ( measured by ELISA ) and gene expression ( by real time quantitative PCR ) of differentiated rat adipocytes cultured in vitro were inhibited by the administration of alpha MSH ( EC50=0 . 24 nM ) , and this effect was antagonised by antagonists of the melanocortin receptors MC4R and MC3R ( AgRP and SHU 9119 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The agouti related protein ( AgRP ) exerts its anabolic effects on food intake by antagonising the alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ) at its receptors , melanocortin receptors 3 and 4 ( MC3R and MC4R ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we describe treatment of Agrp ( / ) ; Npy ( / ) and Mc3r ( / ) ; Mc4r ( / ) double knockout mice as well as Npy ( / ) and Agrp ( / ) single knockout mice with either ghrelin or an orally active nonpeptide ghrelin agonist . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Agouti related protein ( AgRP ( 83 132 ) ) , a known endogenous MC3R and MC4R antagonist , did not reduce the stimulation of prolactin mRNA expression by gamma 3 MSH or Ala ( 8 ) gamma 2 MSH . ^^^ AgRP appears to have other actions than its known antagonistic activity on the MC3R and MC4R . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Food intake , energy expenditure , adiposity , BAT UCP 1 , and leptin expression in white fat as well as hypothalamic expressions of MC3R , MC4R , POMC , AgRP and NPY were assessed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| AGRP is synthesized in the brain and is an antagonist of the melanocortin 3 and 4 receptors ( MC3R , MC4R ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : We genotyped polymorphisms in the melanocortin 4 receptor ( MC4R ) , melanocortin 3 receptor ( MC3R ) , neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) , neuropeptide Y Y 1 receptor ( NPY Y1R ) , cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript ( CART ) , agouti related protein ( AGRP ) , and pro opiomelanocortin ( POMC ) genes in 669 subjects ( age ( X+ / s . d . ) : parents : 52+ / 3 . 4 y ; offspring : 28+ / 8 . 7 y ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The central melanocortin system consists of alpha MSH , agouti related protein ( AGRP ) , MC3R and MC4R . ^^^ AGRP and alpha MSH are believed to be the natural antagonist and agonist respectively of MC3R and MC4R . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The study shows that some parts of the MC system are highly conserved through vertebrate evolution , such as regions in POMC coding for ACTH , alpha MSH , and beta MSH , the C terminal region of AGRP , key binding units within the MC1R , MC2R , MC4R , and MC5R , synteny blocks around the MCRs , pharmacological properties of the MC2R , whereas other parts in the system are either missing , such as the MC3R and gamma MSH , or different as compared to mammals , such as the affinity of ACTH and MSH peptides to MC1R and MC4R and the anatomical expression pattern of the MCRs . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The central melanocortin system modulates energy homeostasis through the actions of the agonist , alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ) , a POMC cleavage product , and the endogenous antagonist AgRP on the MC3R and MC4R . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the present study , our aim was to determine whether intrafetal glucose infusion increases fetal adiposity , synthesis and secretion of leptin and regulates gene expression of the ' appetite regulatory ' neuropeptides neuropepetide Y ( NPY ) , agouti related peptide ( AGRP ) , pro opiomelanocortin ( POMC ) and cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript ( CART ) and receptors ( leptin receptor ( OB Rb ) and melancortin 3 receptor ( MC3R ) ) within the fetal hypothalamus . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Agouti related protein ( AGRP ) is an endogenous antagonist of the melanocortin 3 and 4 ( MC3R and MC 4 ) G protein coupled receptors . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P41968 and O00253 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|